Global climate is thought to be modulated by the supply of minerals to Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s surface. Whereas silicate weathering removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, weathering of accessory carbonate and sulfide minerals is a geologically relevant source of CO2. Although these weathering pathways commonly operate side by side, we lack quantitative constraints on their co-variation across erosion rate gradients. Here we use stream-water chemistry across an erosion rate gradient of three orders of magnitude in shales and sandstones of southern Taiwan, and find that sulfide and carbonate weathering rates rise with increasing erosion, while silicate weathering rates remain steady. As a result, on timescales shorter than marine sulfide compensation (approximately 106\uffe2\uff80\uff93107 years), weathering in rapidly eroding terrain leads to net CO2 emission rates that are about twice as fast as CO2 sequestration rates in slow-eroding terrain. We propose that these weathering reactions are linked and that sulfuric acid generated from sulfide oxidation boosts carbonate solubility, whereas silicate weathering kinetics remain unaffected, possibly due to efficient buffering of the pH. We expect that these patterns are broadly applicable to many Cenozoic mountain ranges that expose marine metasediments.
", "keywords": ["[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00714-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Geoscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-21", "title": "Combined Role Of No-Tillage And Cropping Systems In Soil Carbon Stocks And Stabilization", "description": "Increases in carbon (C) input and stabilization are key processes to turn soils into sinks of atmospheric CO2\u2013C and help mitigating global warming. We hypothesized (i) that C sequestration in no-tillage soil is further enhanced by high input cropping systems and (ii) that the sequestered C is stored mainly in the mineral associated fraction. The objective of this study was to assess, in 2003, the C sequestration and stabilization in a subtropical Acrisol (Eldorado do Sul, Brazil) subjected to 18-year conventional tillage [CT] and no-tillage [NT] combined with two cropping systems: black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) as winter cover crop \u2013 maize (Zea mays L.) as summer grain crop [Ot/M]; and black oat plus vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) as winter cover crops \u2013 maize in summer intercropped with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) cover crop [Ot+V/M+C]. Soil C stock in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer was higher in NT than in CT, either in Ot/M (31.1 vs. 27.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) or Ot+V/M+C (37.3 vs. 32.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Annual C sequestration rate in NT relative to CT was 0.25\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in Ot+V/M+C and 0.18\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in Ot/M, in agreement to the higher biomass-C addition and legume cover crops inclusion in Ot+V/M+C (7.6 vs 4.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 year\u22121) and to our first hypothesis. Increase in the proportion of large macroaggregates (9.51\u20134.76\u00a0mm) and of mean weight diameter occurred in NT soil up to 10\u00a0cm depth, both in Ot/M and Ot+V/M+C. In NT, most of the C accumulation relative to CT occurred in the mineral-associated fraction, showing the importance of organo-mineral interaction in C stabilization and supporting our second hypothesis. However, the physical protection by aggregates played equally important role by stabilizing the occluded particulate organic matter (occluded-POM) before it was further stabilized by organo-mineral interaction. No-tillage is recommended as a sustainable soil management, but to increase soil C accumulation, the potential of cropping systems such those based on legume cover crops must be concurrently explored.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.01.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.01.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-26", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emission In Relation To Labile Soil C, N Pools And Functional Microbial Diversity As Influenced By 39 Years Long-Term Fertilizer Management In Tropical Rice", "description": "Abstract Impacts of 39-years of fertilizer and manure application on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions viz. methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, soil labile carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, functional microbial diversity were investigated in a tropical flooded rice ( Oryza sativa L.). The treatments included non-fertilized control, N, farmyard manure (FYM), FYM\u00a0+\u00a0N, NPK and FYM\u00a0+\u00a0NPK. Annual cumulative GHGs emissions after 39 years of intensive rice\u2013rice cultivation were significantly higher in FYM\u00a0+\u00a0NPK treatments than other treatments. The global warming potential (GWP) in 100 years time scale and carbon equivalent emission (CEE) were increased significantly under the combined application of FYM\u00a0+\u00a0NPK by 88.4% over control. The carbon efficiency ratio (CER) was significantly higher ( p \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in NPK as compared to others. The annual emissions of methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 -C) in FYM\u00a0+\u00a0NPK were 177.6, 1.28, 1407\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively, in tropical rice\u2013rice system (wet season rice-fallow\u2013dry season rice-fallow) which were significantly higher ( p \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) than other treatments. Although the GHGs emissions were more under FYM\u00a0+\u00a0NPK treatment, it helps to maintain soil fertility and supported sustainable rice yield. The soil labile C, N pools, soil enzymatic activities and microbial populations were significantly higher under this treatment which is the indicators of improved soil fertility. Stepwise regression analysis of GHGs emission with related soil parameters was performed to predict seasonal fluxes from tropical rice.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.01.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.01.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-04", "title": "Contrasting approaches for estimating soil carbon changes in Amazon and Cerrado biomes", "description": "The Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado are among the principal agricultural frontiers of the world, and have attracted global attention because of their potential to be a source or sink of atmospheric CO2. However, accurately quantifying alterations in soil organic carbon (SOC) due to land-use changes remains to be a major challenge. Using a meta-analysis, our objective was to evaluate tillage effects on SOC stocks in Brazil's Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Two approaches: (1) the classical SOC annual change rate which provides only an arithmetic average of SOC changes, and (2) the rate of annual change adjusted from management factors derived according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) SOC methodology, which allows a temporal dataset adjustment, were used. Regardless of approach, conservation technologies such as no-tillage (NT) and integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems were identified as viable options for SOC sequestration, increasing it between 9 and 16%. One exception was adoption of NT in the Amazon forest, where SOC decreased by 9% over 20 years. Comparing results of the two approaches showed substantial differences between them. For conversions from NT to ICL or from native vegetation to full tillage (FT), the IPCC-based approach produced SOC stock estimates that were 65 and 47% lower, respectively, than with the classical approach. The IPCC approach also identified modeling covariate effects and was influenced less by outliers, thus reducing the risk of under or overestimating soil management effects on SOC.", "keywords": ["land use change", "2. Zero hunger", "330", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "ipcc based method", "15. Life on land", "CO2 emissions", "630", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "co2 emissions", "IPCC-based method", "13. Climate action", "SOC stock rates", "Land use change", "soc stock rates"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.08.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-21", "title": "Tillage And N-Fertilizer Influences On Selected Organic Carbon Fractions In A North Dakota Silty Clay Soil", "description": "Abstract Physical, chemical, and biological fractions of SOC pools, such as coarse particulate organic matter C (CPOM-C), permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO 4 -C), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and mineralizable C (Cmin) respond to changes in management practices and provide sensitive indication of changes in the SOC dynamics than commonly reported total soil C alone. We hypothesized that tillage and N-fertilizer managements induced changes in SOC at the surface 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil would predominantly be reflected by parallel changes in different fractions of SOC. Three field experiments (Expt1: 2008\u20132011, Expt2: 2005\u20132011, Expt3: 2005\u20132011) were conducted in a Fargo (Typic Epiaquerts)-Ryan (Typic Natraquerts) silty clay complex in Fargo, North Dakota, USA. Our objectives were (i) to evaluate the effects of tillage (conventional till [CT], strip till [ST] and no-till [NT] and different N-fertilizer managements on SOC, CPOM-C, KMnO 4 -C, MBC, and Cmin and (ii) to determine any relationships among these C fractions within corn ( Zea mays )-sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris )-soybean ( Glycine max ) rotation. Compared with CT, ST and NT had significantly higher SOC concentration by 3.8 and 2.7%, SOC stock by 7.2% and 9.2%, CPOM-C by 22 and 25%, and KMnO 4 -C by 4.8 and 4.1%, respectively in Expt2 and had significantly higher SOC concentration by 3.9 and 6.6%, SOC stock by 11.9 and 8.7%, and CPOM-C by 33 and 45%, respectively in Expt3. The KMnO 4 -C and 30 d cumulative Cmin were greater under ST than CT by 3.3 and 23%, respectively in Expt3. The amounts of Cmin were consistently higher under ST and NT than CT throughout the incubation period except at 7 d, in Expt3. Across the study, CPOM-C was 16.3\u201322.1%, MBC was 3.4\u20134.5%, cumulative Cmin was 0.7\u20131.4%, and KMnO 4 -C was 1.6\u20131.7% of the total SOC. Significant correlations were observed among SOC, CPOM-C and Cmin in all the experiments. CPOM-C was the most sensitive fraction to tillage changes. Tillage influences on SOC fractions followed the order: physical (CPOM-C)\u00a0>\u00a0biological (cumulative Cmin)\u00a0>\u00a0chemical (KMnO 4 -C), however, the sequence change with soil type and crop rotation requires further investigation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.08.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.08.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.08.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.08.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.09.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-22", "title": "Tillage And Drainage Management Effect On Soil Gas Diffusivity", "description": "Abstract Subsurface drainage influences the gaseous exchange in soils and improves crop productivity. Thus, gas diffusivity were monitored on a long-term drainage/tillage experiment established in 1994 at the Waterman Farm of The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Specific objectives of the present study were to compare the gas diffusion and physical properties (bulk density and water retention) of soils managed under no-till (NT) and chisel-tillage (CT) systems with subsurface drainage management. Soils of the experimental site are classified as Crosby silt loam (Fine, mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf; fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiaquall). Treatments included: NT with tile drainage (NT-D), NT with no-drainage (NT-ND), CT with drainage (CT-D), and CT with no-drainage (CT-ND). The research site has been under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) cropping system since the start of the experiment. Intact core samples (n\u00a0=\u00a036) from 0\u201310, 10\u201320, and 20\u201330\u00a0cm depths were collected during November 2011 in three replicated plots of NT and CT systems under D and ND treatments. Results from this study showed that drainage treatments significantly influencing the relative gas diffusion (Dp/D0), is defined as the ratio of the soil gas diffusion coefficient to that in free air. The Dp/D0 for NT soils (23.1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22123) were 26% higher than those for CT (18.3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22123). Similarly, the ratio was 22% higher for soils under D (25.0\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22123) compared with those under ND (20.5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22123). The tillage by drainage interaction was also significant for the Dp/D0 at the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth. Corn yield was positively correlated with relative gas diffusion (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.36). It can be concluded from this study that NT system under drainage management can improve the gas diffusivity, enhance the soil structure and increase crop yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Toru Nakajima,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.09.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.09.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.09.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.09.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-09", "title": "Conservation Tillage Positively Influences The Microflora And Microfauna In The Black Soil Of Northeast China", "description": "Abstract Soil food webs are important in maintaining agricultural productivity and ecosystem health. However, our understanding is still limited with respect to the influences of tillage transitions on soil food webs. The present study aimed to quantify the response of microflora and microfauna, and their linkage to different tillage treatments: no tillage (NT), ridge tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT). Soil samples were collected from 0 to 20\u00a0cm depth in April of 2011 after 10 years of conservation tillage. The abundance and richness of bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were greater in NT and RT than in CT. In case of microfauna also, similar patterns were observed with greater protozoa, bacterivores and omnivores\u2013carnivores in NT and RT compared to CT. The connectance of the bacterial and predator\u2013prey pathways was greater in NT and RT than in CT and that of fungal pathway was greatest in RT. The trophic relationship of the bacterial and predator\u2013prey pathways was strengthened due to the higher water content of soil and the lower NO 3 \u2013 -N after the conversion of CT to NT and RT. Our study suggested that 10 years of conservation tillage can effectively enhance the structure and function of soil food webs through bottom\u2013up effects in the black soil region of Northeast China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaoping Zhang, Wenju Liang, Shuxia Jia, Xiaoming Sun, Shixiu Zhang, Qi Li, Ying L\u00fc,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-08", "title": "Long-Term Fencing Effects On Plant Diversity And Soil Properties In China", "description": "Abstract Overgrazing reduces plant species diversity, productivity and soil C and N storage due to degradation especially in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. We hypothesized that fencing could significantly reverse these trends in temperate grasslands. The effects of long-term (30 years) fencing on diversity and soil C and N storage were compared with areas where continuous grazing occurred on the Loess Plateau, China. Fencing increased vegetation coverage, height, plant diversity, biomass production and litter, resulting primarily from increases in the ratio of grass species as a percentage of the whole community and photosynthate allocation between above- and below-ground biomass indicated by differences in the root/shoot (R/S) ratios. Fencing significantly influenced soil bulk density (BD), moisture content (SW) and pH. Long-term fencing also led to marked increases in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), the carbon: phosphorus (C/P) and nitrogen: phosphorus (N/P) ratios, as well as soil C and N storage within 0\u2013100\u00a0cm soil profile. The C/N ratio in the surface 0\u20135\u00a0cm fenced and grazed grasslands were also significantly different. Increases in soil C and N sequestration as a result of fencing occurred mainly at deeper soil depths (30\u2013100\u00a0cm). These findings have important implications for both protecting and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems, which have been disturbed by grazing and for developing a more effective grasslands management strategy on the Loess Plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-03", "title": "The Effects Of No-Tillage With Subsoiling On Soil Properties And Maize Yield: 12-Year Experiment On Alkaline Soils Of Northeast China", "description": "Abstract Soil sodicity and salinization are two major issues concerning agricultural production in Northern China and the affected areas are expanding at a rate of 1\u20131.5\u00a0Mha/year. The effects of two treatments, i.e. no-tillage with subsoiling and straw cover (NTSC) and conventional tillage with ploughing and straw removal (CTSR), on soil physical and chemical properties and yields were compared from 1999 to 2011. The results showed that NTSC reduced soil bulk density in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil layer, but more importantly the treatment increased total porosity by 20.9%, water stable aggregates and pore size class distribution. The enhance soil structure and improved infiltration in NTSC treatments contributed to reducing soil salinity by 20.3%\u201373.4% when compared with CTSR. Soil organic matter was significantly greater to 30\u00a0cm in NTSC, while total soil nitrogen was lower than CTSR treatments; however, available P was significantly higher in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil surface. During the first 3 years, there was no difference in spring maize yield between NTSC and CTSR, but yield significantly increased in NTSC compared with CTSR during the remaining years due to reduced salinity stress and increased soil health. In conclusion, NTSC soil management practices appear to be a more sustainable approach to farming than conventional methods that utilize intensive tillage and crop residue removal.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-24", "title": "Root Production Is Determined By Radiation Flux In A Temperate Grassland Community", "description": "AbstractAccurate knowledge of the response of root turnover to a changing climate is needed to predict growth and produce carbon cycle models. A soil warming system and shading were used to vary soil temperature and received radiation independently in a temperate grassland dominated by Holcus lanatus L. Minirhizotrons allowed root growth and turnover to be examined non\uffe2\uff80\uff90destructively. In two short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (8 week) experiments, root responses to temperature were seasonally distinct. Root number increased when heating was applied during spring, but root death increased during autumnal heating. An experiment lasting 12 months demonstrated that any positive response to temperature was short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived and that over a full growing season, soil warming led to a reduction in root number and mass due to increased root death during autumn and winter. Root respiration was also insensitive to soil temperature over much of the year. In contrast, root growth was strongly affected by incident radiation. Root biomass, length, birth rate, number and turnover were all reduced by shading. Photosynthesis in H. lanatus exhibited some acclimation to shading, but assimilation rates at growth irradiance were still lower in shaded plants. The negative effects of shading and soil warming on roots were additive. Comparison of root data with environmental measurements demonstrated a number of positive relationships with photosynthetically active radiation, but not with soil temperature. This was true both across the entire data set and within a shade treatment. These results demonstrate that root growth is unlikely to be directly affected by increased soil temperatures as a result of global warming, at least in temperate areas, and that predictions of net primary productivity should not be based on a positive root growth response to temperature.
", "keywords": ["Plantago lanceolata Acclimation", "Root respiration", "belowground production", "soil temperature", "warming", "Belowground net primary production", "550", "Received photosynthetically active radiation", "Root turnover", "Plantago lanceolata", "photosynthetically active radiation", "Plantago", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Root demography", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Minirhizotrons", "Keywords: acclimation", "climate change", "Holcus lanatus", "13. Climate action", "Lanceolata", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "root system", "grassland", "shading", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/495/1/fitterah10.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-13", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon In Playas And Adjacent Prairies, Cropland, And Conservation Reserve Program Land Of The High Plains, Usa", "description": "Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important reservoir for atmospheric CO2 associated with climate warming. The High Plains, USA, lacks region-wide SOC estimates within playa wetlands and their adjacent watershed. Croplands often have less SOC than grasslands, and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP; former croplands planted to grass) may return SOC. Our goals were to estimate SOC within playa wetlands and investigate small scale differences within wetland catchments across a broad agriculturally modified landscape. We estimated SOC (kg\u00a0m\u22122) to 50\u00a0cm depth from 4 soil cores/catchment (in playas and 10, 40 and 100\u00a0m into uplands) at 56, 52, and 54 sites in native grassland, CRP and cropland, respectively. At a subset of sample locations within each land use type, we estimated SOC to 1\u00a0m depth to characterize SOC missed by shallow sampling. In playa wetlands, CRP SOC from 0 to 50\u00a0cm was 18% greater than croplands, but native grassland playa SOC did not differ from other land-uses. From 0 to 1\u00a0m, SOC in native grassland wetlands and uplands was 20% greater than the same habitats within croplands, while CRP lands were intermediate. Native grassland playa SOC also was 16% greater than in surrounding native short grass prairie. Playas therefore represent an important SOC repository in the High Plains ecoregion. CRP playas and uplands may require an additional 10\u201330 years to resemble native grassland SOC. SOC increased with playa area throughout CRP and native grassland catchments, suggesting playa hydrogeomorphology influences adjacent upland SOC. High Plains playas store 20.8\u00a0Tg C and cropland conversion caused a cumulative loss of 2.0\u00a0Tg C from 82,000\u00a0ha of playas. Currently, CRP enrollment on over 25,000\u00a0ha of playas has returned 0.2\u00a0Tg C (95% CI: 0.1\u20130.3), only half the historic SOC lost by cropland conversion within CRP playas. To promote SOC storage, native grasslands and large playas should be preserved and CRP enrollments should be maintained over long timescales.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jessica L. O\u2019Connell, Dale W. Daniel, Loren M. Smith, Scott T. McMurry,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-02", "title": "Tillage And Cover Crop Species Affect Soil Organic Carbon In Andosol, Kanto, Japan", "description": "1. IntroductionIn the Kanto region of Japan, a major agricultural areacontaining the largest plain in Honshu Island including the greaterTokyo area, moderate climate conditions support diverse agricul-tural production. A double-cropping system in which main cropswere cultivated in summer followed by winter cereals wasformerly practiced. However, winter cereals have disappeared inthe region because they cannot compete with foreign products,and winter fallowing is now a common practice in upland \ufb01elds.The predominantsoiltypeinthisregionisAndosol,whichcontainsmainly volcanic ash as parent material, as well as humus. Usuallyhigh soil carbon contents owing to low pH and formation ofaluminum\u2013humus complexes contribute to soil organic matteraccumulation (Miyazawa et al., 2013). However, \ufb01xation causeshigh phosphorus absorption and these soils are prone to winderosion owing to their weak structure, particularly in the winterfallow season. Andosols in upland \ufb01eld conditions often showimproved soil pH and available phosphorus through the applica-tion of super phosphorus or lime, brought about by farmingpractices that promote the decomposition of soil organic matter(Takataetal.,2011).Therefore,maintainingthesoilorganiccarbonin Andosols requires considerable inputs of C (Ohta, 2011).Soil organic carbon (SOC) has various roles in producing cropsand improving their environment(Franzluebbers, 2002; Lal, 2004a,2004b; Weil and Magdoff, 2004; Baker et al., 2007). For improvingSOC, manure application is a common practice (Shirato et al.,2004; Shimizuetal.,2009;KogaandTsuji,2009;Kimuraetal.,2011).SOC can be increased by elevating biomass production, practicingcrop rotation including cover crops, and practicing conservation", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-08", "title": "Soil Biological Properties, Soil Losses And Corn Yield In Long-Term Organic And Conventional Farming Systems", "description": "Abstract Topsoil losses through surface runoff have severe implications for farmers, as well as surrounding ecosystems and waterbodies. However, integrating management systems that enhance soil organic matter (SOM) can stabilize the soil surface from erosion. Little is known about how differences in both tillage and cropping system management affect carbon and subsequent sediment losses in horticultural fields, particularly in the humid climate of the southeast. Research was conducted in the Appalachian Mountains in Mills River, NC on a fine-sandy loam Acrisol from 2010 to 2012 on long-term plots established in 1994. Project objectives included to: (1) quantify labile and total organic matter based on tillage and cropping system practices, (2) determine if relationships exist between SOC ad sediment losses, and (3) determine long-term management and tillage impacts on total organic matter lost via runoff. We hypothesized that organic management and reduced tillage would lead to increased soil carbon, which subsequently reduce losses as soil is stabilized. Organic no tillage and conventional till treatments contained on average 14.34 and 6.80\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 total carbon (TC) respectively, with the organic no till treatments containing twice the quantity of TC and light fraction particulate organic matter (LPOM) in the upper 15\u00a0cm as compared with the conventionally tilled treatments, and four times the quantity of microbial biomass carbon (MBC). LPOM and HPOM, the heavier fraction of POM, did not differ in the organic till and conventional no till treatments.Data support our hypothesis that organic production in combination with no tillage increases C pools (both total and labile) as compared with tilled conventional plots. However, organic no till treatments produced sweet corn ( Zea mays var. saccharata ) yields less than 50% of that of conventional treatments, attributed to weed competition and lack of available N. No tillage treatments lost two to four times less soil C via surface runoff than tilled systems. Additionally, we found that as total soil C increased, suspended solids lost through surface runoff decreased. Overall, our results indicate tillage to be an important factor in enhancing soil C and decreasing soil loss through surface runoff.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-02", "title": "Effect Of Tillage And Cropping Systems On Runoff, Soil Loss And Crop Yields Under Semiarid Rainfed Agriculture In India", "description": "Cropping practice (tillage) is an important management tool for tackling water induced erosion hazard, promoting in situ water conservation and improving and stabilising crop yields from rainfed production systems of semiarid and subtropical regions. Four practices including conventional tillage (CT), ridge farming tillage (RFT), no tillage (NT) and stubble mulch farming tillage (SMFT) were evaluated for 11 years (1990\u20131991 to 2001\u20132002) under semiarid rainfed conditions in western India on a very deep, sandy loam soil. Green gram1 (Vigna radiata)\u2013mustard (Brassica juncea) sequential cropping and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) + pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping systems were tested for the first four years (first phase of the experiment). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)\u2013mustard sequential cropping and cowpea + castor (Ricinus communis) intercropping systems were used for the following seven years (second phase of the experiment). Runoff, soil losses, sediment concentrations, crop yields, soil organic carbon, bulk density and water stable aggregates were observed for all the treatment combinations. RFT and SMFT were both effective in reducing runoff and soil loss. RFT, NT and SMFT reduced runoff by 69.4, 16.2 and 59.6% respectively compared with CT. Average soil loss in NT was 37.2% less than CT. Average sediment concentration of runoff during June\u2013July was greater than in August\u2013October for all treatments and average sediment concentrations were greater under CT and RFT. The highest average yield of all crops except green gram was recorded under SMFT. Surface soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density and water stable macro-aggregates were all significantly greater under NT at the end of the experiment, but reverting to uniform tillage negated this effect. Micro-aggregates built-up under SMFT were relatively more stable than those all under NT. The results of this study demonstrate that in the semi-arid sub-tropical agro-ecosystem of Gujarat (western India) adoption of SMFT can significantly improve and stabilise the crop yields and reverse land degradation process.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-30", "title": "Impact Of Agricultural Land-Use Change On Carbon Storage In Boreal Alaska", "description": "AbstractClimate warming is most pronounced at high latitudes, which could result in the intensification of the extensively cultivated areas in the boreal zone and could further enhance rates of forest clearing in the coming decades. Using paired forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90field sampling and a chronosequence approach, we investigated the effect of conversion of boreal forest to agriculture on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in interior Alaska. Chronosequences showed large soil C losses during the first two decades following deforestation, with mean C stocks in agricultural soils being 44% or 8.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922lower than C stocks in original forest soils. This suggests that soil C losses from land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change in the boreal region may be greater than those in other biomes. Analyses of changes in stable C isotopes and in quality of soil organic matter showed that organic C was lost from soils by combustion of cleared forest material, decomposition of organic matter and possibly erosion. Chronosequences indicated an increase in C storage during later decades after forest clearing, with 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old grassland showing net ecosystem C gain of 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922over the original forest. This increase in C stock resulted probably from a combination of large C inputs from belowground biomass and low C losses due to a small original forest soil C stock and low tillage frequency. Reductions in soil N stocks caused by land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change were smaller than reductions in C stocks (34% or 0.31\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), resulting in lower C/N ratios in field compared with forest mineral soils, despite the occasional incorporation of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90C forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90floor material into field soils. Carbon mineralization per unit of mineralized N was considerably higher in forests than in fields, which could indicate that decomposition rates are more sensitive in forest soils than in field soils to inorganic N addition (e.g. by increased N deposition from the atmosphere). If forest conversion to agriculture becomes more widespread in the boreal region, the resulting C losses (51% or 11.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922at the ecosystem level in this study) will induce a positive feedback to climatic warming and additional land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change. However, by selecting relatively C\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor soils and by implementing management practices that preserve C, losses of C from soils can be reduced.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-20", "title": "Effects Of Land Use On Soil Respiration In The Temperate Steppe Of Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Land use change has greatly affected ecosystem C processes and C exchanges in grassland ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of land use (mowing, grazing exclusion, and grazing) on soil respiration (Rs) of a semi-arid temperate grassland during two growing seasons in Inner Mongolia, northern China, and to identify the main factors that affected Rs. During the growing season, Rs for the mowing, grazing exclusion, and grazing land-use types averaged 129, 150, and 194\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, in 2011 (a dry year), versus 309, 272, and 262\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, in 2012 (a wet year). Root respiration (Rr) accounted for 13\u201355% of Rs in 2011, versus 10\u201362% in 2012. Rs was strongly positively correlated with soil moisture for all three land uses, but weakly correlated with soil temperature (R2\u00a0<\u00a00.4 in all cases). Rs was significantly positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.834), soil organic matter (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.765), root biomass (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.704), lignin mass loss rate (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.422), and the cellulose mass loss rate (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.849) and significantly negatively correlated with the litter C/N (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.609). The temperature sensitivity (Q10) exhibited large monthly changes, and ranged from 0.52 to 2.12. Rainfall plays a dominant role in soil respiration: precipitation increased soil respiration, but the response differed among the land-use types. Thus, soil water availability is a primary constraint on plant growth and ecosystem C processes. Soil temperature plays a secondary role. Litter decomposition rates and litter quality also appear to be important.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xin Yan, Jirui Gong, Zi-Yu Zhang, Yong-Mei Huang, Wei Zhang, Yihui Wang, Min Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep01732", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-25", "title": "Biochar And Denitrification In Soils: When, How Much And Why Does Biochar Reduce N2o Emissions?", "description": "Agricultural soils represent the main source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Recently, interactions of black carbon with the nitrogen cycle have been recognized and the use of biochar is being investigated as a means to reduce N2O emissions. However, the mechanisms of reduction remain unclear. Here we demonstrate the significant impact of biochar on denitrification, with a consistent decrease in N2O emissions by 10-90% in 14 different agricultural soils. Using the (15)N gas-flux method we observed a consistent reduction of the N2O/(N2 + N2O) ratio, which demonstrates that biochar facilitates the last step of denitrification. Biochar acid buffer capacity was identified as an important aspect for mitigation that was not primarily caused by a pH shift in soil. We propose the function of biochar as an 'electron shuttle' that facilitates the transfer of electrons to soil denitrifying microorganisms, which together with its liming effect would promote the reduction of N2O to N2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cayuela, M.L.*, S\u00e1nchez-Monedero, M.A., Roig, A., Hanley, K., Enders, A., Lehmann, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep01732", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep01732", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-10", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Different Organic And Inorganic Fertilizer Treatments On Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration And Crop Yields On The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract The aim of the study is to analyze the effects of different fertilization of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and crop yields after a 22 years long-term field experiment. The crop yields and SOC were investigated from 1981 to 2003 in Dry-Land Farming Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hebei Province, China. The dominant cropping systems are winter wheat\u2013summer corn rotation. There were totally sixteen treatments applied to both wheat and corn seasons: inorganic fertilizers as main plots and corn stalks as subplots and the main plots and subplots all have four levels. The results revealed: after 22 years, mixed application of inorganic fertilizers and crop residuals, the SOC and crop yields substantially increased. Higher fertilizer application rates resulted in greater crop yields improvement. In 2002\u20132003, wheat and corn for the highest fertilizer inputs had the highest yield level, 6400\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 and 8600\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. However, the SOC decreased as the excessive inorganic fertilizer input and increased with the rising application of corn stalks. The treatment of the second-highest inorganic fertilizer and the highest corn stalks had the highest SOC concentration (8.64\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121). Pearson correlation analysis shows that corn and winter wheat yields and the mineralization amount of SOC have significant correlation with SOC at p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "N. Zhao, Z.C. Yang, Yizhong Lv, F. Huang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-02", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen As Affected By Tillage And Residue Management Under Wheat\u2013Maize Cropping System In The North China Plain", "description": "The importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) sequestration in agricultural soils as climate-change-mitigating strategy has received robust attention worldwide in relation to soil management. This study was conducted to determine the temporal effects of different tillage systems and residue management on distribution, storage and stratification of SOC and N under wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) \u2013 maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems in the North China Plain (NCP). Four tillage systems for winter wheat established in 2001 were: moldboard plow tillage with maize residues removed (PT0), moldboard plow tillage with maize residues incorporated (PT), rotary tillage with maize residues incorporated (RT), and no-till with maize residues retained on the soil surface (NT). Compared with PT0 and PT, significantly higher SOC and N concentrations were observed in the surface layer (0\u201310 cm depth) under NT and RT. In 2004, the SOC stocks were lower (P RT > PT > PT0 in both years. Compared with other treatments, SOC and N stocks were the lowest (P < 0.05) under PT0. Therefore, crop residues play an important role in SOC and N management, and improvement of soil quality. The higher SOC stratification was observed under NT and RT than under PT and PT0, whereas the C:N ratio was higher (P < 0.05) under PT and PT0 than under NT and RT systems. Therefore, the notion that NT leads to higher SOC stocks than plowed systems requires cautious scrutiny. Nonetheless, some benefits associated with NT present a greater potential for its adoption in view of the long-term environmental sustainability under wheat\u2013maize double-cropping system in the NCP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fu Chen, Rattan Lal, Shadrack Batsile Dikgwatlhe, Hailin Zhang, Zhong-Du Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-02", "title": "Effects Of Rice Straw Incorporation On Active Soil Organic Carbon Pools In A Subtropical Paddy Field", "description": "Abstract Understanding the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in response to changing environment and management practices is crucial for minimizing the climatic impacts of rice agriculture. This study examined the effects of rice straw incorporation on total SOC, active SOC fractions, and carbon pool management index (CPMI) in a subtropical paddy field in China. The straw collected after harvesting the early and late paddy was incorporated immediately into the top 10\u00a0cm soil at a rate of 3.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 and the top 40\u00a0cm soil samples in the triplicate treatment, control and reference plots were analyzed for the concentrations of total SOC and four other active SOC fractions at the end of the early and late seasons. The concentrations of total soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were significantly ( P r \u00a0=\u00a00.60\u20130.96, P\u00a0 r \u00a0=\u00a00.69\u20130.94, P r \u00a0=\u00a00.69\u20130.99, P P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-13", "title": "Differences In Rice Yield And Ch4 And N2o Emissions Among Mechanical Planting Methods With Straw Incorporation In Jianghuai Area, China", "description": "Abstract Mechanical planting is replacing manual transplanting in the major Asian rice cropping areas, however, few are known about the impacts of mechanical planting on rice yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Therefore, a two-year experiment was conducted to examine the impacts of dry direct-seeding (MDS), wet direct-seeding (MWS) and transplanting (MTP) in Jianghuai area, China. The results showed that CH 4 emission was significantly lower in the MDS than the MWS and MTP both with and without straw incorporation. No significant difference in N 2 O emission was found among the planting methods. Straw incorporation significantly stimulated CH 4 emission in the MWS and MTP, but not in the MDS. The lowest rice yield was found in the MWS, while there was no significant difference in grain yield between the MDS and MTP methods. The area-scaled emission of CH 4 and N 2 O in CO 2 -equivalent unit was respectively 78.5 and 89.6% lower in the MDS than those in the MWS and MTP without straw incorporation, and 87.7 and 94.1% lower with straw incorporation. The yield-scaled emission was correspondingly 80.4 and 88.1% lower without straw incorporation, and 89.0 and 93.4% lower with straw incorporation, respectively. Our results indicate that MDS can get an acceptable yield with a large reduction in GHGs emissions in the test location.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xin Zhang, Chunlian Song, Lu Ming, Aixing Deng, Weijian Zhang, Xiaoning Hang, Yu Jiang, Ruiyin He,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-08", "title": "Application Of Biochars To Sandy And Silty Soil Failed To Increase Maize Yield Under Common Agricultural Practice", "description": "Abstract Adding biochar to tropical soils is a strategy for improving crop yield and mitigating climate change, but how various biochar types affect crop yield and the properties of temperate soils is still in dispute. Here, we evaluated how slow-pyrolysis charcoal and two biochars derived from energy production (gasification coke and flash-pyrolysis char) affected the growth of Zea mays L. and the related properties of sandy and silty soils within a 3-year mesocosm experiment. Fertilization was performed to optimize plant growth as would be done under common agricultural practice. Analyses included the monitoring of yield, plant and soil nutrients, aggregate stability, cation exchange and water holding capacity, and black carbon content. The results showed that the added biochars did not affect crop yield at an application rate of 15\u00a0g\u00a0biochar\u00a0kg \u22121 of soil. Increasing the application rate of slow-pyrolysis charcoal to 100\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 resulted in decreased plant biomass in the second and third year of the experiment, likely as a result of nutrient imbalances and N-immobilization. We did not detect any degradation of the added black carbon; however, beneficial effects on plants were limited by the small and transient effect of these biochars on the physical and chemical properties of soil. Overall, our results indicate that the added carbon from biochars is stored in soil, but all treatments tested failed to improve plant yield for the studied temperate soils under the given application rates and common agricultural practice.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nils Borchard, Nils Borchard, Jan Siemens, Wulf Amelung, Wulf Amelung, Brenton Ladd, Brenton Ladd, Brenton Ladd, Andreas M\u00f6ller,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-11", "title": "Organic Mulching, Irrigation And Fertilization Affect Soil Co2 Emission And C Storage In Tomato Crop In The Mediterranean Environment", "description": "Abstract Carbon stock and CO 2 emissions in agricultural systems are highly affected by the management of applied practices in arable farms, such as fertilizer use, irrigation, soil tillage, cover crop management, etc. This study evaluated the effects of various organic mulches, nitrogen fertilization and irrigation levels on soil CO 2 emissions, soil carbon sequestration and processing tomato production in the Mediterranean environment. The field experiment was carried out with five main treatments, three cover crops of hairy vetch (HV), lacy phacelia (LF) and white mustard (WM) transplanted in autumn and cut in May to be used as mulches, plus barley straw mulch (BS) and conventional (C) (bare soil). After tomato transplanting, the main plots were split into two nitrogen fertilization treatments (0 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and the sub-plots were then split again into three irrigation levels (irrigation water 100%, 75%, 50% of evapotranspiration). In all treatments, a general effect was observed in the temporal fluctuations of soil CO 2 emissions throughout the observation period which were significantly influenced by soil temperature and water content. The temporal fluctuations of the soil CO 2 emissions were attributed to climatic conditions and the peaks achieved optimal conditions of soil temperature and water content for soil respiration. A larger amount of TOC was observed in the mulching treatments than in the control after tomato harvesting (on average 1.44% vs 1.33%, respectively and on average 1.43% in HV trastment), probably due to the residual biomass of the cover crops and a greater growth of the tomato. Although the soil carbon output as cumulated CO 2 emissions did not show statistically significant differences between the treatments, the soil carbon balance enabled us to estimate the highest net carbon contribution to the soil in HV determined by inputs and input/output ratio. However, except for the BS in 2013, the input/output ratios were >1 in all mulch treatments. In the Mediterranean environment, agronomical practices, such as the use of hairy vetch mulch on notilled soil, a slight reduction of irrigation water (\u221225%) and a rationalized use of N fertilizer potentially could shift the C balance in favor of soil C accumulation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "CO2 emission Fertilization Irrigation Organic mulching Soil carbon Tomato production", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-26", "title": "Soil Quality, Microbial Functions And Tomato Yield Under Cover Crop Mulching In The Mediterranean Environment", "description": "Abstract An experiment concerning the biological and chemical responses of soil to cover crop mulching was carried out in two adjacent experimental fields (2012 and 2013) under different climatic conditions in the Mediterranean environment (Central Italy). The Monthly Aridity Index was calculated in order to verify the relationship between soil properties and climatic factors under three different cover crop mulches: Vicia villosa Roth (HV), Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (LP), and Sinapis alba L. (WM). A conventional management was also included in the experimental fields as control (C). Soil samples were collected at 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth after the transplanting and the harvesting of tomato (May and August, respectively), in order to assess the initial and residual effects of mulching on soil quality. In the two experimental years, the amount of precipitation from May to August was 110\u00a0mm in 2012 and 172\u00a0mm in 2013. The average values of AI were 18 and 49 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. LP mulching was sensitive to low precipitation levels in terms of aboveground decomposition rate (the variation of dry matter from May to August 2012 was \u221253% in LP, 64% in HV and 69% in WM) and a lower tomato yield compared to the control in 2012 (4.2\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 in LP and 5.2\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 in C). WM mulching was sensitive to low precipitation in terms of soil nutrient storage (from May to August 2012 the variation of soil C was 19% in WM., 6% in C, \u22125 % in LP and 10% in HV; the variation of soil N was 44% in WM, 2% in C, \u22122% in LP and 13% in HV). Soil microbial activity and functional diversity were strongly affected by the climatic conditions in all mulching treatments. In particular, precipitation influenced soil C availability, which enhanced microbial functional diversity. In short, the effects of lacy phacelia, white mustard and hairy vetch mulching on soil quality, microbial functions and tomato yield were influenced by summer precipitation and temperature in the Mediterranean environment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-18", "title": "Soil-Water Relationships In The Upper Soil Layer In A Mediterranean Palexerult As Affected By No-Tillage Under Excess Water Conditions - Influence On Crop Yield", "description": "Abstract In Mediterranean regions, the performance of conservation tillage under water-deficit conditions has been widely reported, but conversely there exists a lack of studies investigating its effects during periods of water excess, which are common in these regions between fall and spring. Our experiment was established in 2005 on a degraded Palexerult from a rana, a continental detritic formation, of western Spain to study the influence of soil tillage and Ca amendments on soil quality. During high precipitation periods, perched water tables can be formed in very flat rana surfaces with the upper limit close to soil surface due to the presence of Bt horizons with low permeability. In the 2010\u20132011 and 2012\u20132013 campaigns, when perched water tables developed very close to the soil surface between November and March, we studied the effects of no tillage (NT) vs. tillage (T) on selected soil hydraulic properties in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer and on crop yield. We observed the lowest bulk density and the highest soil organic matter content (SOM) for this soil layer under NT. As a result of the higher SOM content and higher total porosity as well as the potential to preserve soil biopores under NT, water content at saturation (SAT), plant-available water capacity (AWC), water infiltration and saturated hydraulic conductivity were also higher in the NT plots compared with those under T. During wet periods, the degree of water saturation (Sr) under T was higher, and sometimes close to saturation. Crop development and yield were strongly affected by near-saturation conditions in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm surface layer, resulting in substantial yield losses under T.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-13", "title": "Evaluation Of Seasonal Variability Of Soil Biogeochemical Properties In Aggregate-Size Fractioned Soil Under Different Tillages", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["CP MAS NMR", "2. Zero hunger", "Enzymatic activities", "Conservation agriculture", "Total organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action", "Labile carbon pools", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-20", "title": "Nitrous Oxide And Ammonia Emissions From N Fertilization Of Maize Crop Under No-Till In A Cerrado Soil", "description": "Abstract The low natural fertility of Oxisols in the Cerrado region makes some crops in this region very dependent on high rates of synthetic N-fertilizers, which are of growing environmental concern as a major source of N 2 O emissions in agriculture. In a field experiment, we quantified direct N 2 O emissions and NH 3 volatilization (a source of indirect N 2 O emissions) from surface-applied N fertilizer on a no-till maize ( Zea mays L.) crop in Cerrado biome. We used four fertilizers at the rate of 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 as topdress-N (V4\u2013V6 growth stage), which were regular urea, urea\u00a0+\u00a0zeolite, calcium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, and a non-topdressed control. The total N losses as volatilized NH 3 ranged from 2.2% (calcium nitrate) to 4.5% (urea\u00a0+\u00a0zeolite). The N loss as volatilized NH 3 from urea was very low (3.2%), with no significant difference between urea\u00a0+\u00a0zeolite, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate. Significantly, higher cumulated N 2 O emissions were observed with ammonium sulfate than with the control. No significant differences among fertilizers were found for emission factor (EF), which was 0.20% on average (0.14\u20130.26%), indicating that use of IPCC default EF (1.00%) would substantially overestimate N 2 O emission. Free drainage and acidity of Oxisols and occurrence of dry spells, known as \u2018 veranicos \u2019, are characteristics of Cerrado biome that may naturally mitigate N 2 O emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-23", "title": "Effects Of Tillage Systems On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen In A Double Paddy Cropping System In Southern China", "description": "Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks in cropland soils play important roles in soil quality and climate change mitigation. Farming management have great impacts on SOC and TN dynamics, and thus affecting soil quality. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of tillage systems on the changes in SOC and TN pools under a double rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cropping system in Southern China. A field experiment was conducted during 2005 in Ningxiang, Hunan Province. It comprised of four tillage treatments including no-till with residue retention (NT), rotary tillage with residue incorporation (RT), plow tillage with residue incorporation (PT), and plow tillage with residue removed (PT0). The results showed that NT increased soil bulk density ( \u03c1 b ) in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer. Adoption of NT increased the concentrations of SOC and TN at 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth but decreased the concentrations in deeper soil. The greatest SOC and TN concentrations were observed under RT at 5\u201310\u00a0cm depth and under PT at 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth. Tillage practice had small effect on the soil C:N ratio in the soil profile. Adoption of NT farming enhanced the SOC and TN stocks in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer, whereas PT increased SOC and TN stocks in the 0\u201350\u00a0cm profile. The stratification ratio (SR) of the SOC and TN concentrations were larger under NT compared with RT and PT. Thus, the adoption of short-term (7\u20138 years) NT practices is beneficial for the enhancement of SOC and TN stocks in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil profile, and rotational tillage may be an appropriate farming practice for paddy rice system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jian-Fu Xue, Rattan Lal, Zhong-Du Chen, Sheng-Li Liu, Xiaoping Xiao, Chao Pu, Fu Chen, Hailin Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-03", "title": "Beneficial Effects Of Reduced Tillage And Green Manure On Soil Aggregation And Stabilization Of Organic Carbon In A Mediterranean Agroecosystem", "description": "Abstract Semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems need the implementation of sustainable land management (SLM) practices in order to maintain acceptable levels of soil organic matter (SOM). The application of SLM practices helps to maintain soil structure and physical-chemical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC), hence improving soil carbon sequestration and mitigating CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. In an organic, rain-fed almond ( Prunus dulcis Mill., var. Ferragnes) orchard under reduced tillage (RT), as the habitual management practice during the 14 years immediately preceding the experiment, we studied the effect of two agricultural management practices on soil aggregate distribution and SOC stabilization after four years of implementation. The implemented practices were (1) reduced tillage with a mix of Vicia sativa L. and Avena sativa L. as green manure (RTG) and (2) no-tillage (NT). Four aggregate size classes were differentiated by wet sieving (large and small macroaggregates, microaggregates, and the silt plus clay fraction), and the microaggregates occluded within small macroaggregates (SMm) were isolated. In addition, three organic C fractions were separated within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates, using a density fractionation method: free light fraction (free LF-C), intra-aggregate particulate OM (iPOM-C), and organic C associated with the mineral fraction (mineral-C). The results show that the combination of reduced tillage plus green manure (RTG) was the most-efficient SLM practice for SOC sequestration. The total SOC increased by about 14% in the surface layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm depth) when compared to RT. Furthermore, green manure counteracted the effect of tillage on soil aggregate rupture. The plant residue inputs from green manure and their incorporation into the soil by reduced tillage promoted the formation of new aggregates and activated the subsequent physical-chemical protection of OC. The latter mechanism occurred mainly in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates and mineral-C occluded within small macroaggregates fractions, which together contributed to an increase of up to 30% in the OC concentration in the bulk soil. No-tillage favored the OC accumulation in the mineral-C within the small macroaggregates and in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates in the surface layer, and in the mineral-C occluded within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates at 5\u201315\u00a0cm depth, but four years of cessation of tillage were not enough to significantly increase the total OC in the bulk soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon sequestration | Rain-fed almond orchard | Semiarid agroecosystems | Soil aggregation | Soil organic carbon fractionation | Sustainable land management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-24", "title": "Cover Crop And Tillage Systems Effect On Soil Co2 And N2o Fluxes In Contrasting Topographic Positions", "description": "Abstract Soils are important sources of CO 2 and N 2 O emissions to the atmosphere. Introducing cover crop and conservation tillage are among the strategies to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) sequestration potentials with potential to reduce the amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from soil. The objectives of the study were to evaluate CO 2 and N 2 O emissions in rye cover crop and tillage system treatments in contrasting topographical positions. Two replicated field experiments were established in 2011 at Kellogg Biological Station and Mason Research Farm sites, located in Southwest and Central Michigan, respectively. At each site, two replications of three contrasting topographical positions, namely depression, slope and summit were used. The two studied factors were tillage system (chisel plow and ridge tillage) and winter rye cover crop (present and absent). Topographical positions significantly affected the performance of rye cover crop with above ground biomass ranged from 80 to 200\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 and 120 to >500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 in depressions and summits, respectively. The presence of rye cover tended to increase CO 2 emissions across all topographical positions. However, the amount of increases in the CO 2 emissions was \u223c15\u00a0mg\u00a0m 2 \u00a0h \u22121 and 2 \u00a0h \u22121 in depressions and summits, respectively, which were inversely proportional to the amount of rye biomass inputs. Ridge tillage had significantly higher CO 2 emissions than chisel tillage in depressions and showed increasing trends at the slopes and summits. Neither the effect of cover crop nor tillage system was found to be statistically significant across the whole study period on N 2 O emissions. Regression analysis indicated that both CO 2 and N 2 O emissions were positively associated with soil temperature. The effect of temperature on CO 2 emissions was most pronounced in management treatments with cover crops and in topographical depressions. Per a unit increase in the soil temperature was a greater increase in the CO 2 emission in depression areas than other parts of the landscape. The results of the present study highlight existence of complex interactive influences among cover crop presence, tillage, and topography driven variations in soil properties on the resulting soil GHG emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-26", "title": "Maize Yield And Soil Fertility With Combined Use Of Compost And Inorganic Fertilizers On A Calcareous Soil On The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract Excessive N fertilization is a problem in the intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain. Proper N management is essential to maximize N efficiency and sustain agricultural production while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. The aim of the present study was to investigate N dynamics, maize yields and soil fertility in response to short term compost application and straw return vs. inorganic fertilization. A field experiment (2012\u20132014) was conducted for three years on a calcareous soil in Quzhou county, Heibei province, north China. There were four treatments: unfertilized control (T1), inorganic fertilizer (100% NPK, T2), compost (cattle wastes)\u00a0+\u00a070% NPK (T3), T3\u00a0+\u00a0wheat straw (T4). No significant differences in biomass accumulation or N uptake among the fertilized treatments were observed across the maize growing season. Compost application for three years tended to increase grain yields particularly in the second and third years, and the average yield increase was approximately 7\u201315% over T2. Residual Nmin down the soil profile (1\u00a0m) in the compost treatments (T3 and T4) decreased by 50% deeper in the soil (60\u2013100\u00a0cm depth) at the maize harvest in 2014. Compared to T2, the compost treatments significantly increased NUE and soil available P and K contents. Correlation analysis indicates that maize yield in 2014 was significantly correlated with soil available P and K and with soil organic carbon (SOC). Overall, straw return did not have a significant influence on any measured parameters in either soil or plant samples. Our results demonstrate that 30% replacement of N fertilizer by compost is an effective nutrient management strategy to maintain N uptake and yield of maize, reduce N loss and also increase soil fertility. A considerable increase in invertase activity in the compost treatments highlights that the critical importance of integrating the management of carbon and nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production in this region of highly intensive production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-24", "title": "Grain Legume-Based Rotations Managed Under Conventional Tillage Need Cover Crops To Mitigate Soil Organic Matter Losses", "description": "Inserting legumes in low-input innovative cropping systems can represent a good strategy to reduce current N fertilizer dependency while enhancing ecosystem services. However, although the impact of the use of legumes as cover crops has been broadly studied, very little is known about the effects of grain legume-based rotations on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON). A cropping system experiment with three 3-year rotations with different levels of inclusion of grain legumes: GL0, GL1 and GL2 (none, one, and two grain legumes, respectively), with (CC) or without (BF, bare fallow) cover crops was established in SW France (Auzeville) under temperate climate. Durum wheat was present in all the rotations to act as an indicator of their performance. Soil organic C and SON were quantified before the beginning of the experiment and after 3 and 6 years (i.e. after one and two complete 3-yr rotations). Aboveground C and N inputs to the soil, and C and N harvest indexes and grain yield of the cash crops were also measured. Inserting grain legumes in the rotations significantly affected the amount of C and N inputs and consequently SOC and SON. After two cycles of the 3-yr rotation, the GL1 and GL2 treatments showed a greater decrease in SOC and SON when compared to GL0. However, the inclusion of cover crops in the rotations led to mitigate this loss. Durum wheat produced significantly greater grain yields in GL1 when compared to GL0, while GL2 presented intermediate values. In turn, the incorporation of cover crops did not reduce C and N harvest indexes or the grain yield of the different cash crops. We concluded that, in such conventionally-tilled grain legume-based rotations, the use of cover crops was efficient to mitigate SOC and SON losses and then increase N use efficiency at the cropping system level without reducing productivity. The constructive suggestions of an anonymous Reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. We acknowledge the field and laboratory assistance of Didier Chesneau, Andr\u00e9 Gavaland and Eric Bazerthe. This research was supported by the FP6 Grain Legumes Integrated Project (Food-CT-2004-506223) and INRA. We also acknowledge the French Ministry of Agriculture for funding the CASDAR Leg-N-GES project coordinated by Jean-Pierre Cohan (Arvalis Institut du Vegetal).", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Rotation", "grain legumes", "Grain legumes", "Soil organic carbon", "cover crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "rotation", "630", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Cover crop", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil organic nitrogen"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-22", "title": "Influence Of Trees On Soil Organic Matter In Mediterranean Agroforestry Systems: An Example From The 'Espinal' Of Central Chile", "description": "SummaryThe \uffe2\uff80\uff98Espinal\uffe2\uff80\uff99 agroforestry system of the Mediterranean zone of central Chile, which covers an area of 2000 000 ha, is in various stages of degradation due to human activities. The objective of our study was: (i) to determine the effects of the canopy cover of Acacia caven (\uffe2\uff80\uff98Espino\uffe2\uff80\uff99) on total soil organic carbon (SOC), soil respiration and the labile components of soil organic matter (microbial biomass, and light fraction); and (ii) to determine the influence of ecosystem degradation on total and labile components of SOC. Soils of the study area are classified as fine, mixed, active, mesic Ultic Palexeralfs, typical of the Mediterranean\uffe2\uff80\uff90type environment. We investigated sites according to the percentage coverage of A. caven canopy: (i) well\uffe2\uff80\uff90preserved Espinal (WPE), 80\uffe2\uff80\uff9351% cover; (ii) good Espinal (GE), 50\uffe2\uff80\uff9326% cover; (iii) degraded Espinal (DE), 25\uffe2\uff80\uff9311% cover; and (iv) very degraded Espinal (VDE), < 10% cover. In addition, a site under native forest (NF) was included to characterize the original state of the zone. Soil samples were taken under and outside the canopy of A. caven at two depths, 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm. We conclude that the microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), and total and labile components of SOC are influenced by the presence of the A. caven tree, with greater values under than outside its canopy. Under the tree canopy, to a depth of 10 cm, Cmic was less under all the agroforestry systems than in NF (46 and 30% less for WPE and GE, respectively, and 67 and 57% less for DE and VDE). However, there was no clear trend for less Cmic with increased ecosystem degradation, especially outside the canopy. However, the respiration of microbial communities was affected by ecosystem degradation for both soil depths under the tree canopy, e.g. soil respiration in VDE ecosystems was about 50% greater than that found in WPE ecosystems. Increasing the coverage of the A. caven tree in the semiarid ecosystems of central Chile, e.g. changing from VDE to WPE, would result in an eventual, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (over several centuries) increase in soil organic C of approximately 50%.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-09", "title": "Effect Of Ten Years Of Reduced Tillage And Recycling Of Organic Matter On Crop Yields, Soil Organic Carbon And Its Fractions In Alfisols Of Semi Arid Tropics Of Southern India", "description": "Abstract Reducing tillage intensity and retaining residues are important components of conservation agriculture but in small holder systems in developing countries where crop residues have alternate uses such as fodder and fuelwood, recycling or external additions of organic matter may be a possible option. Information on impacts of long term reduced tillage on soil carbon, labile organic carbon fractions and their depth distribution is scant in drylands of semi arid regions. The effect of tillage intensity (CT\u2014conventional tillage; RT\u2014reduced tillage and MT\u2014minimum tillage) and sources of nitrogen (100% OS: 100% of recommended N through organic source; 50% OS +50%IOS: 50% N through organic source and 50% N through inorganic source and 100% IOS: 100% N through inorganic source) on crop yields, soil organic carbon and C fractions in an Alfisol was assessed at the end of a 10 year long term experiment. Finger millet yields decreased significantly with reduction in tillage intensity (29%). Among N sources, highest yields were recorded with substitution of 50% of the N through organic source. After 10 years, the soil organic carbon (SOC) in 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer with MT was 11% higher than with CT. The labile fractions of carbon, viz. particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and permanganate oxidizable carbon (KMnO 4 -C) under MT were 47%, 16% and 43% higher, respectively, in comparison to CT in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer. The total carbon (TC) and total organic carbon (TOC) with MT were higher by 28% and 27% over CT and higher by 20% and 20% with 100%OS over 100% IOS. Labile carbon fractions revealed differential sensitivity and POC, MBC and KMnO 4 -C are sensitive indicators to detect short term management effects. Reducing tillage intensity and applying various N sources enhanced SOC marginally and the C sequestration rate varied from 62 to 186\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 . Based on the study it can be recommended for substitution of 50% of the recommended N with organic source as it increases crop yields and soil carbon and could be a potential alternative for residue retention for crops which have fodder value. Reducing the tillage intensity can enhance the SOC in semi arid rainfed systems but lower crop yields under MT is a concern which needs to be addressed in order to make these systems acceptable to the farming community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-24", "title": "Annual Accounting Of Net Greenhouse Gas Balance Response To Biochar Addition In A Coastal Saline Bioenergy Cropping System In China", "description": "Abstract The potential of biochar for mitigating climatic impacts of coastal saline bioenergy production is not well established. A full accounting of net greenhouse gas balance (NGHGB) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) affected by biochar amendment combined with or without nitrogen (N) fertilizer application was examined in an annual coastal reclaimed Jerusalem artichoke bioenergy cropping system. The net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) was determined by the difference between soil heterotrophic respiration ( R H ) and net primary production (NPP) using static chamber method. Biochar amendment raised the seasonal R H but without suppressing the NPP during the Jerusalem artichoke cropping season. Soil CH 4 emissions were 72% and 80% lower in the biochar amended than unamended plots when combined with N fertilizer application during the Jerusalem artichoke cropping and non-cropping seasons, respectively. The biochar-induced soil N 2 O mitigation efficiency was weakened by N fertilizer input over the annual cycle. Annual NGHGB and GHGI were negative for all the field treatments and were significantly lower in biochar amended than in unamended soils, suggesting that Jerusalem artichoke cropping system served as a net sink of GHGs due to net ecosystem CO 2 and biochar-induced C sequestration exceeding CO 2 -equivalents released as CH 4 and N 2 O emissions. On average, biochar amendment significantly enhanced GHGs sink capacity by resulting in almost 4\u20135 folds decrease in annual NGHGB or GHGI when combined with N fertilizer application or not. Therefore, higher biomass gain as potential alternative source of biofuels but lower climatic impacts of bioenergy production would be reconciled by biochar use in southeast coastal China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-10", "title": "Effect Of Conservation Farming Practices On Soil Organic Matter And Stratification In A Mono-Cropping System Of Northern China", "description": "Abstract An arid environment under long-term traditional agriculture has resulted in serious environmental and agricultural problems on a number of fragile soils with distinguishing physical and chemical properties in Northern China. Conservation agriculture is an alternative sustainable agriculture management system, which contributes to conserving soil, water and fertility, while changing vertical distribution of soil organic matter (SOM). No-tillage with straw cover (NTSC) and traditional tillage with straw removal (TTSR) in four regions of northern China (Tailai, Wuchuan, Nailin, Yaodu) were investigated to determine how tillage and soil type affected SOM stratification. SOM content, total N (TN), soil water content (SWC) and soil bulk density ( \u03c1 d ) in the 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330 and 30\u201340\u00a0cm layers and the time since implementation of tillage treatments were evaluated. The top layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm) and total SOM content were markedly improved by NTSC. The influence dramatically decreased with depth in all sites. SOM content increased during the first 10 years following NTSC implementation, but the rate of increase was reduced in subsequent years. There was high positive correlation between SOM and SWC, high positive correlation between SOM and TN, and high negative correlation between SOM and bulk density. Effects of conservation measures on SOM content were expressed by a stratification ratio. The stratification ratio of SOM, in most sites, under long-term NTSC were >2. These results from northern China, suggest that long-term no-tillage with straw cover significantly improved topsoil conditions and whole of soil profile SOM and this improvement was obvious in different layers.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-27", "title": "Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions From A Subtropical Ultisol By Using Long-Term No-Tillage In Combination With Legume Cover Crops", "description": "Abstract Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be partially mitigated with conservation agriculture. In this study, we assessed the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), as well as five NT cover crop-based cropping systems, on yield-scaled GHG emissions in two long-term experiments (18 and 19 years) on a subtropical Paleudult. Air samples collected in static closed chambers were used to measure nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes. The annual rate of change in soil organic C from the beginning of the experiments was used as proxy for net CO2 flux. Cumulative annual emissions of the three GHG and the CO2 costs of agricultural inputs and operations were taken in full account when estimating the global warming potential (GWP). Under legume cover crops, NT soil exhibited increased N2O emissions relative to CT soil (531 vs 217\u00a0kg CO2eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121); however, emissions of this gas from NT soil were fully offset by CO2 retention in soil organic matter (\u22122063 to \u22123940\u00a0kg CO2 ha\u22121 yr\u22121). Soil CH4 fluxes were very low with all management systems (\u22121.5 to 30.5\u00a0kg CO2eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). NT soil under legume cover crops behaved as a net sink for GHG (GWP ranged from \u2212971 to \u22122818\u00a0kg CO2eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121); by contrast, CT soil and NT soil with a low biomass input were net sources of GHG (GWP ranged from 857 to 2133\u00a0kg CO2eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). The legume cover crops increased maize yield and further reduced yield-scaled GHG emissions. This result suggests that conservation management practices involving no-till in combination with legume cover crops provide an effective approach to sustainable low-C footprint food production in subtropical regions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-21", "title": "Simulating The Effects Of Long-Term Discontinuous And Continuous Fertilization With Straw Return On Crop Yields And Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics Using The Dndc Model", "description": "Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the applicability of the DNDC model under long-term discontinuous fertilization (three years of fertilization followed by three years of no fertilization) in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system, and to analyze the effects of long-term fertilization and straw return on soil organic carbon (SOC) and crop yields and to optimize the ratio of straw incorporation to fertilization rate. A 30-year (1981\u20132011) long-term experiment was conducted at the Hengshui Experimental Station in Hebei Province with combinations of four inorganic fertilization rates and four maize straw incorporation amounts. Crop yields and SOC contents in the topsoil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were measured for each treatment, and the data were used to calibrate and validate the DNDC model. Results indicated the good performance of DNDC model in simulating crop yields and SOC contents with modeling efficiency \u2265\u00a00.55, normalized root mean square error \u226431.3%, and index of agreement \u22650.85. However, the model performed relatively poorly in four treatments without fertilizers. Determination coefficients between simulated and measured values of the winter wheat yields, summer maize yields, and SOC contents were 0.747, 0.671, and 0.425, respectively. Crop yield and SOC content predictions were better during periods with fertilization than that during periods without fertilization. The rate of increase in crop yields induced by increasing fertilization rates was higher than that induced by increasing amounts of incorporated straw. However, rate of increase in SOC content resulting from increasing fertilization rate was lower than that from increasing amount of incorporated straw. Over 52 scenarios combining 13 levels of fertilizer rates with four levels of maize straw incorporation were simulated. Results from yields, soil fertility, and greenhouse gas emission showed that the optimal ratio for discontinuous fertilization was 420\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 combined with straw incorporation of 10000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 , whereas that for continuous fertilization was 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 combined with straw incorporation of 10000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 . Thus, the DNDC model could effectively predict crop yields and SOC dynamics under discontinuous fertilization conditions in Hengshui. High and stable crop yields and enhanced soil fertility could be achieved by optimizing the ratio of fertilization rate to amount of incorporated straw.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chunlian Zheng, Kejiang Li, Kelin Hu, Baoguo Li, Jing Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.09.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.09.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-10-06", "title": "Mitigation Impact Of Minimum Tillage On Co2 And N2o Emissions From A Mediterranean Maize Cropped Soil Under Low-Water Input Management", "description": "Abstract Reduced tillage might reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cropped soils. However the topic is somehow still controversial, since lower CO2 emissions achieved through reduced soil mineralization might be offset by higher N2O losses from less disturbed soil, because of higher water filled pore space. This work aimed to clarify the potential GHG mitigation benefits of minimum tillage (MT), as opposed to mouldboard ploughing (CT), for Mediterranean maize cultivations under low water input management. To this end, soil CO2 and N2O fluxes were monitored at high time resolution by means of a newly developed automated system of closed static chambers coupled to a field gas photoacoustic detector. Relative to CT, cumulated CO2 emissions appeared significantly reduced in MT over three months after the autumn ploughing (by about 30%) and along the spring-summer cultivation (by about 28%), for similar maize yields. N2O emissions from MT showed restrained averaged values relative to CT (by 40% and 18% for fallow and maize periods, respectively); however differences might not be significant. For both treatments, N2O emission factors were lower than the 1% IPCC default value (0.40 and 0.28 for CT and MT, respectively), following the restrained irrigation water input along the drought period. Results indicate that MT reduced GHG emissions both (i) in the short-term, likely due to the increased decomposition of soil organic matter in the ploughed soil (CT), mainly concentrated within the first week after deep tillage; (ii) in the longer-term, likely through its capacity to constrain the daily soil temperature fluctuations in the drought periods along the spring-summer maize cultivation. At this stage, the low-water input management might have played a key role in mediating the response of N2O emissions to MT treatment. These findings suggest that minimum tillage could entail consistent GHG benefits under the drip irrigation management in Mediterranean croplands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions Conservation tillage C-friendly strategies", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.09.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.09.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-20", "title": "Winter Tillage Impacts On Soil Organic Carbon, Aggregation And Co2 Emission In A Rainfed Vegetable Cropping System Of The Mid-Yunnan Plateau, China", "description": "Abstract The mid\u2013Yunnan plateau is one of the major regions for the production of vegetables in China, but intense management practices have led to soil degradation and amplified greenhouse\u2013gas emissions. Understanding management effects on soil organic carbon dynamics and structural stability can aid to improve vegetable cropping systems sustainability in this region. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of seasonal tillage alterations (non\u2013winter\u2013tillage [NWT] and winter\u2013tillage [WT]) on soil (0\u201310\u00a0cm) organic carbon (SOC) retention, soil aggregate stability, aggregate\u2013associated C concentrations and CO2 emission in a clay loam soil. Results indicated after 2 years that the plots under NWT had nearly 4% higher total SOC content and 9% higher proportion of large macro-aggregates (>2\u00a0mm) compared with WT plots in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer. Greater SOC and labile C within large macro\u2013aggregates in the plots under NWT compared with WT were also observed in the surface layer only. Soil CO2 emission rates were significantly greater in the WT plots than in the NWT plots during the dry season, but did not differ significantly between the WT and NWT plots during the rainy season. Our results demonstrated that the adoption of NWT should be a more sustainable management option than the traditional winter tillage for the maintenance of soil C and reduction of carbon dioxide emission in the rainfed vegetable cropping system of the mid\u2013Yunnan plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G.S. Zhang, Z.W. Ni,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.09.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.09.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=13.+Climate+action&offset=2650&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=13.+Climate+action&offset=2650&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=13.+Climate+action&offset=2600", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=13.+Climate+action&offset=2700", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 7491, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T13:40:08.763700Z"}