Over the past several decades, the expansion and thickening of woodlands in the western United States has caused a range of ecological changes. Woody expansion often leads to increases in soil organic matter (SOM) pools with implications for both biogeochemical cycling and ecological responses to management strategies aimed at restoration of rangeland ecosystems. Here we directly measure C and N stocks and use simple non\uffe2\uff80\uff90steady\uffe2\uff80\uff90state models to quantify the dynamics of soil C accumulation under and around trees of varied ages in southern Utah woodlands. In the two pinyon\uffe2\uff80\uff93juniper forests of Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument studied here, we found \uffe2\uff88\uffbc3 kg C/m2 and \uffe2\uff88\uffbc0.12 kg N/m2 larger C and N stocks in soils under pinyon canopies compared to interspace sites. These apparent increases in soil C and N stocks under woody plant species were dominated by elevated SOM in the surface 10 cm of soil, particularly within non\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated organic fractions. The most significant accumulation of C was in the >850 \uffce\uffbcm fraction, which had an estimated C residence time of <20 yr. Rates of carbon accumulation following pinyon\uffe2\uff80\uff93juniper expansion appear to be dominated by changes in this fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling surface soil fraction. In contrast, we found that after separating >850 \uffce\uffbcm organic matter from the remaining light fraction (LF), C had residence times of \uffe2\uff88\uffbc400 yr and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated (MA) soil C had residence times of \uffe2\uff88\uffbc600 yr. As a result, we calculate that input rates to the LF and MA pools to be 10 \uffc2\uffb1 1 and 0.68 \uffc2\uffb1 0.15 g\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (mean \uffc2\uffb1 SE), respectively. These findings suggest that one consequence of management activities aimed at the reduction of pinyon\uffe2\uff80\uff93juniper biomass may be a relatively rapid loss of soil C and N pools associated with the >850 \uffce\uffbcm fraction. The temporal dynamics of the <850 \uffce\uffbcm pools suggest that carbon and nitrogen continue to accumulate in these fractions, albeit at very slow rates, and suggest that multidecadal storage of C following tree recruitment is limited to relatively small, subsurface fractions of the total soil C pool.
", "keywords": ["Nitrogen", "Population Dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Juniperus", "Utah", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0784.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-0784.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-0784.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-0784.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.01.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-19", "title": "Influence Of Rice Straw Mulching On Seed Yield And Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus L.) In Intensive Rice-Oilseed Rape Cropping System", "description": "In intensive rice\u2013winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cropping system in China, winter oilseed rape is often planted beyond the optimum period due to late harvest of rice. Under such condition, growth of rape seedlings is adversely affected due to low temperature and seasonal drought in winter, which causes a low rapeseed yield. Considering the enormous amounts of rice straw produced in this intensive cropping system, rice straw mulching in winter oilseed rape season may be a potential practice to adjust soil micro-climate, thereby improve productivity of winter oilseed rape. A two-year field study (2010\u20132011 and 2011\u20132012) was conducted to evaluate the effect of rice straw mulching and nitrogen (N) fertilization on (i) soil water, soil temperature and yield of winter oilseed rape and, (ii) N uptake, ammonia volatilization and soil inorganic N status in rice\u2013winter oilseed rape cropping system. In general, straw mulching improved the dry matter accumulation and N uptake of winter oilseed rape over the growing period regardless of N fertilizer application or not, which might be attributed to the higher soil water content and the lower soil temperature oscillation under straw mulching compared to no mulching. Nevertheless, the relative magnitude of the increase in dry matter accumulation and N uptake of winter oilseed rape between the mulched and un-mulched treatments reduced with progressive increase in crop growth after seedling stage. Straw mulching resulted in more N loss through ammonia volatilization from top dressed fertilizer N and a significantly lower soil inorganic N content after seedling stage, which might be an important factor that was responsible for decreased positive effects of straw mulching on oilseed rape growth and N uptake after seedling stage under the condition of N fertilization. The positive effects of straw mulching on oilseed rape yield were influenced by the amount and distribution pattern of seasonal rainfall, with a significant increase in 2010\u20132011 only. In summary, these results suggest that rice straw mulching has the potential to enhance the productivity of winter oilseed rape, even though some changes in method of topdressing fertilizer N may be needed to avoid negative effects of straw mulching.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.01.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.01.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.01.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.01.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-16", "title": "Benefits Of Legume\u2013Maize Rotations: Assessing The Impact Of Diversity On The Productivity Of Smallholders In Western Kenya", "description": "Abstract Agricultural intensification of farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa is a prerequisite to alleviate rural poverty and improve livelihoods. Legumes have shown great potential to enhance system productivity. On-farm experiments were conducted in different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) in Western Kenya to assess the agronomic and economic benefits of promising legumes. In each zone, trials were established in fields of high, medium and low fertility to assess the effect of soil fertility heterogeneity on legume productivity and subsequent maize yield. Common bean, soybean, groundnut, lima bean, lablab, velvet bean, crotalaria, and jackbean were grown in the short rains season, followed by maize in the long rains season. Alongside, continuous maize treatments fertilised at different rates were established. AEZs and soil fertility gradients within these zones greatly affected crop productivity, returns to land and labour of rotations, as well as the relative performance of rotations. Poorer soil fertility and AEZs with lower rainfall gave smaller legume and maize yields and consequently, smaller returns to land and labour. The cultivation of legumes increased maize yields in the subsequent long rains season compared with continuous maize receiving fertiliser at a similar rate, while the increase of maize after green manure legumes was stronger than that after grain legumes. Maize yield responded strongly to increasing amounts of N applied as legume residues with diminishing returns to legume-N application rates above 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. In the low potential zones, factors other than improved N availability likely also stimulated maize yield. Rotations with grain legumes generally provided better returns than those with green manures. Intercropping bean with maize in the long rains season provided an additional bean yield that did not come at the expense of maize yield and improved returns to land and labour, but more so in the high potential zones. The results demonstrate the strong impact of biophysical diversity on the productivity of the legumes and suggest the need for careful targeting of legume technologies to the different biophysical conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "semiarid kenya", "soil fertility", "legumes", "sustainable intensification", "cattle manure", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "exploring diversity", "nitrogen", "economic analysis", "soybean glycine-max", "soil fertility management", "biophysics", "on-farm productivity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems", "crop-livestock systems", "degraded soils"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-24", "title": "Ecosystem Carbon Stocks And Distribution Under Different Land-Uses In North Central Alberta, Canada", "description": "Abstract Land-use and land cover strongly influence carbon (C) storage and distribution within ecosystems. We studied the effects of land-use on: (i) above- and belowground biomass C, (ii) soil organic C (SOC) in bulk soil, coarse- (250\u20132000\u00a0\u03bcm), medium- (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm) and fine-size fractions ( \u00a0medium\u00a0>\u00a0coarse for all land-uses, except in the native aspen stand where C was uniformly distributed among soil particle-size fractions. The C stock in the coarse-size fraction was most affected by land-use change whilst the fine fractions the least. Enrichment of the natural abundances of 13C and 15N across the land-uses since time of disturbance, i.e., from agriculture to 2- and then 9-year-old hybrid poplar plantations or to grassland, suggests shifts from more labile forms of C to more humified forms of C following those land-use changes.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-18", "title": "Rice Straw Incorporation Affects Global Warming Potential Differently In Early Vs. Late Cropping Seasons In Southeastern China", "description": "Paddy fields are a major global anthropogenic source of methane (CH\u2084) and nitrous oxide (N\u2082O), which are very potent greenhouse gases. China has the second largest area under rice cultivation, so developing valid and reliable methods for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases while sustaining crop productivity in paddy fields is of paramount importance. We examined the effects of applying straw, a residual product of rice cultivation containing high amounts of carbon and nutrients, to rice crops during both an early crop season (5 April - 25 July 2012) and a late crop season (1 August - 6 November 2012) on CH\u2084 and N\u2082O emissions in a subtropical paddy field in southeastern China. CH\u2084 fluxes had two seasonal peaks, on 5 May and 28 June, in the early crop but only one peak, on 13 August, in the late crop, which could be attributed to the lower temperatures after the final tillering stage in the late crop. Straw application significantly increased mean CH\u2084 cumulative production (g m\u05be\u00b2) relative to the control in the late crop (37.3 vs. 8.34 mg m\u207b\u00b2 P < 0.05) but not in the early crop (0.83 vs. 01.13 mg m\u207b\u00b2 P > 0.05). The application of straw significantly increased N\u2082O cumulative production relative to the control in the late crop (75.9 vs. 43.4 \u03bcg m\u207b\u00b2 h\u207b\u00b9) but decreased N\u2082O cumulative production by over 43% in the early crop (15.60 vs. 27.27 \u03bcg m\u207b\u00b2 h\u207b\u00b9) (P < 0.05). Straw application increased rice yield by 9.63% and 12.58% in early and late crop respectively. Straw incorporation decreased global warming potential in the early season, but increased it in the late season. Thus, despite straw application enhances emissions of greenhouse gases in some situations, its application in the adequate season (here early crop) may be an effective soil amendment that can increase soil fertility without enhancing or even mitigating emissions of greenhouse gases and thus climate change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "CH\u2084 flux", "Straw application", "13. Climate action", "Seasonal variation", "8. Economic growth", "N\u2082O flux", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice paddy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-30", "title": "Effects of fertilizer management practices on yield-scaled ammonia emissions from croplands in China: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract China is the world\u2019s largest emitter of gaseous ammonia (NH 3 ), a compound carrying severe human health and ecosystem risks. Fertilizer N application is a major source of this atmospheric NH 3 . Although many studies have measured NH 3 emissions from croplands in China, the effect of fertilizer management on yield-scaled NH 3 emissions (i.e., NH 3 intensity defined as NH 3 emissions per unit crop yield) is not so clear. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of fertilizer management on NH 3 emissions and NH 3 intensity in China\u2019s croplands. Results showed that the increases in NH 3 emissions and NH 3 intensity over a control were greater at high N rates (averaging 305\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) than at low and moderate N rates (average of 130 and 206\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively), while crop yields stayed flat over this range. Rice had greater increases in NH 3 emissions and NH 3 intensity in response to inorganic N addition than other crops. The emission factor for NH 3 was also higher for rice than other crops, and increased with increasing proportions of basal N and soil organic carbon and total N content. Relative to surface application, deep placement of fertilizer N significantly decreased NH 3 emissions and NH 3 intensity. Increasing the number of split applications of fertilizer N significantly reduced NH 3 emissions and NH 3 intensity. Organic manure amendments substituting for all or part of inorganic fertilizer N significantly mitigated NH 3 emissions and led to a reduction in NH 3 intensity but without statistical significance. The use of slow release fertilizers (SR) and urease inhibitors (UI) significantly reduced NH 3 emissions and NH 3 intensity, whereas application of nitrification inhibitors actually increased both. Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrates that appropriate fertilizer management practices such as reducing inorganic N rates, deep placement and split applications of fertilizer N, and using SR and UI can all reduce NH 3 emissions and NH 3 intensity in China\u2019s croplands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-07", "title": "Optimising Nitrogen Fertilisation: A Key To Improving Nitrogen-Use Efficiency And Minimising Nitrate Leaching Losses In An Intensive Wheat/Maize Rotation (2008-2014)", "description": "Abstract Optimising nitrogen (N) fertilisation is critically important for obtaining high crop yields with low environmental costs. A seven-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the rate of N application on crop yield, N-use efficiency (NUE), nitrate residue (NR), and nitrate leaching in an intensive wheat/maize rotation system on the Loess Plateau of China. Five treatments were tested: a control (no N fertilisation) and conventional, low, moderate, and high rates of N fertilisation. Nitrates were leached mainly after heavy rains and with flood irrigation and varied notably between years. Annual nitrate-leaching loss (ANLL) averaged 3.4\u201317.3\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121 at N rates of 165\u2013495\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 . Crop yields increased quadratically and NUE decreased linearly with increasing rates of N application. NR and ANLL increased exponentially. Compared with conventional management, moderate N fertilisation increased NUE and decreased NR and ANLL by 46 and 34%, respectively, without any significant decrease in crop yield. High yields can thus be achieved at a moderate N rate and an economically optimal N rate with less ANLL and acceptable soil NR. We recommend N-application rates of 150\u2013170 and 180\u2013200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 for wheat and maize, respectively, for obtaining high crop yields with low environmental risks.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-25", "title": "Deep Placement Of Nitrogen Fertilizers Reduces Ammonia Volatilization And Increases Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency In No-Tillage Paddy Fields In Central China", "description": "Abstract Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer affects the fate of fertilizer nitrogen through influencing nitrogen transformation. Few studies have examined ammonia (NH3) volatilization and nitrogen-utilization efficiency under deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers in no-tillage (NT) paddy fields. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the different application methods of nitrogen fertilizers [no fertilizer, traditional nitrogen broadcasting (S), and point deep placed at 5\u00a0cm, 10\u00a0cm and 20\u00a0cm depths as basal fertilizer + nitrogen broadcasting as topdressing (e.g., 5D, 10D and 20D)] on NH3 volatilization, nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), and grain yield in NT paddy fields during the 2012\u20132013 rice growing seasons in central China. Nitrogen deep placement significantly decreased mean floodwater pH by 2\u20134% and mean floodwater NH4+\u2013N concentration by 29\u201398% compared with nitrogen broadcasting. Nitrogen deep placement treatments significantly decreased cumulative NH3 volatilization by 20\u201345% in 2012 and by 15\u201340% in 2013 compared with S treatment. On average, nitrogen deep placement treatments significantly increased NRE by 26\u201393%, NPFP by 10\u201316%, NAE by 31\u201351%, and grain yield by 5\u201311% in both seasons compared with S treatment. In addition, 10D treatment showed the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency and grain yield, implying that this measure can be effective in increasing agricultural economic viability and decreasing NH3 volatilization. However, given high labor requirement for manual deep placement, developing mechanical fertilization technology is necessary to overcome this difficulty in future.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T.Q. Liu, D.J. Fan, X.X. Zhang, J. Chen, C.F. Li, C.G. Cao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.12.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-06", "title": "Unravelling The Causes Of Variability In Crop Yields And Treatment Responses For Better Tailoring Of Options For Sustainable Intensification In Southern Mali", "description": "Options that contribute to sustainable intensification offer an avenue to improve crop yields and farmers\u2019 livelihoods. However, insufficient knowledge on the performance of various options in the context of smallholder farm systems impedes local adaptation and adoption. Therefore, together with farmers in southern Mali we tested a range of options for sustainable intensification including intensification of cereal (maize and sorghum) and legume (groundnut, soyabean and cowpea) sole crops and cereal-legume intercropping during three years on on-farm trials. There was huge variability among fields in crop yields of unamended control plots: maize yielded from 0.20 to 5.24 t ha\u22121, sorghum from 0 to 3.53 t ha\u22121, groundnut from 0.10 to 1.16 t ha\u22121, soyabean from 0 to 2.48 t ha\u22121 and cowpea from 0 to 1.02 t ha\u22121. This variability was partly explained by (i) soil type and water holding capacity, (ii) previous crop, its management and the nutrient carry-over and (iii) inter-annual weather variability. Farmers recognized three soil types: gravelly soils, sandy soils and black soils. Yields were very poor on gravelly soils and two to three times greater (depending on the crop) on black soils. Yields were also poor at the end of the typical crop rotation, i.e., after sorghum and millet, and 1.3\u20131.7 times greater (depending on the crop) after the fertilized crops maize and cotton. We diagnosed a number of cases of technology failure where no improvement in yield was observed with hybrid varieties of maize and sorghum and rhizobial inoculation of soyabean. Regardless of soil type and previous crop, mineral fertilizer improved yields by 34\u2013126% depending on the crop. Targeting options to a given soil type and/or place in the rotation enhanced their agronomic performance: (i) the biomass production of the cowpea fodder variety was doubled on black soils compared with gravelly soils, (ii) the additive maize/cowpea intercropping option after cotton or maize resulted in an average overall LER of 1.47, no maize grain penalty, and 1.38 t ha\u22121 more cowpea fodder production compared with sole maize. Soil type and position in the rotation, two indicators easy to assess by farmers and extension workers, allowed the identification of specific niches for enhanced agronomic performance of legume sole cropping and/or intercropping.", "keywords": ["F07 - Fa\u00e7ons culturales", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Rotation", "Cereals", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil type", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4540", "Intercropping", "F01 - Culture des plantes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop Yield"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.12.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.12.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.12.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.12.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-15", "title": "Comparison Of Net Global Warming Potential Between Continuous Flooding And Midseason Drainage In Monsoon Region Paddy During Rice Cropping", "description": "Abstract Midseason drainage is regarded as a key practice to suppress methane (CH4) emission from paddy soil during rice cultivation, but it can increase carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, the influences of midseason drainage practice on the net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of rice cropping systems is not well documented in the East monsoon region. In this field study, the effect of a 30-day midseason drainage practice from the 28th day after transplanting (DAT) to the 57th DAT on the three major greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and yield properties were compared with those of a continuous flooding system during rice cultivation in 2011 and 2012. The impact of midseason drainage on changing three GHG emissions was compared using the GWP value and GHG intensity (GHGI). Midseason drainage significantly reduced the net GWP scale by 46\u201350% of the continuous flooding, mainly due to 50\u201353% reduction of seasonal CH4 fluxes. Midseason drainage significantly increased N2O flux by 20\u201337% over the conventional flooding, but the influence of N2O emission increase on the net GWP scale was negligible. Midseason drainage significantly decreased soil C sequestration capacity by around 60% of continuous flooding, and then increased net GWP by 0.25\u20130.32\u00a0Mg CO2-eq.\u00a0ha\u22121 during rice cultivation. There was no significant difference of rice yield between two irrigation systems, and then midseason drainage can reduce GHGI by 50\u201356% of the continuous flooding. In conclusion, the midseason drainage practice during rice cultivation could be very useful soil management strategy to reduce GHG emission impact from lowland rice fields without impacting rice productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-28", "title": "Effects Of Different Fertilization Practices On The Incidence Of Rice Pests And Diseases: A Three-Year Case Study In Shanghai, In Subtropical Southeastern China", "description": "Abstract To implement organic rice farming around a drinking water source in the western suburbs of Shanghai, pioneering field experiments on the relationships between fertilizer applications and occurrences of rice pests and diseases were performed without the use of pesticides and fungicides from 2012 to 2014. The rice plants treated with chemical fertilizers (CF) accumulated higher content of available nitrogen (NH4+\u00a0+\u00a0NO3\u2212) and grew higher and more luxuriantly, but they were more susceptible to pests and diseases. Comparatively, the plants treated with organic manure demonstrated higher resistance to rice pests and diseases and grew more healthily. However, excessive application of organic manure also increased the risks of pests and diseases. The unfertilized plants were highly deficient in nutrients, but they maintained the lowest rates of pests and diseases. This suggests that rice pests and diseases were easily triggered by a high content of N-related nutrients in plant tissues and inhibited by nutrient deficiency. Annual climatic conditions also deeply affected the occurrences of rice pests and diseases. Long-term warm and humid weather in the growing areas favored the development of herbivorous pests and fungal diseases. The incidence of migratory pests in Shanghai is also linked to violent summer storms. Frequent rain storms in southern or southwestern China increased the chance of infestations of migratory pests in Shanghai. Rice yield was primarily determined by the infestations of pests and diseases. In the pest-infested year of 2012, the grain yield for the different fertilizers was only 40%\u201344% of that under conventional farming practices, and the yield in CF was even significantly lower than that in the unfertilized CK. In 2013, with lower infestation rates, the grain yield of the different fertilizers was more than 80% of the conventional yield. The application of a lower amount of organic manure, 2100\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of cake manure, was recommended for the implementation of organic rice farming in the water source areas in Shanghai.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dian-Ying Men, Qing Teng, Liming Liu, Xue-Feng Hu, Min-Yong Yang, Chang Cheng, Fan Luo, Yue-Ya Chang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-09", "title": "Legume Cover Crop Management On Nitrogen Dynamics And Yield In Grain Corn Systems", "description": "Abstract The N contribution of a legume cover crop may reduce fertilizer N inputs to subsequent grain corn ( Zea mays L.). However, the best cover crop management options to maximize N to subsequent crop, as well as alternatives to red clover are largely unknown. A field study was conducted at two locations on two contrasting soil types in 2012\u20132013 and 2013\u20132014 to assess N dynamics and grain corn yield in a cover crop-corn rotation. Treatments included 1) cover crop; red clover ( Trifolium pretense L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) and no cover crop (no-cc); 2) cover crop seeding rate (3.36, 6.73, and 13.5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ); and 3) cover crop termination timing (fall and spring). Plots were in a split-split plot arrangement. The following spring, no-cc plots were split into three with 0, 112 or 224\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 calcium ammonium nitrate applied (no-cc0N, no-cc112N, no-cc224N, respectively) to the corn crop but no fertilizer N was applied to plots with planted cover crops. Plant available N (PAN) was analyzed by measuring the sum of soil mineral N (SMN) in 0\u201360\u00a0cm depth and plant aboveground N content. In October SMN was 10\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 lower with the legume cover crop treatments compared to no-cc, suggesting these cover crops may mitigate N losses over the winter. The following May in spring-terminated plots, PAN was 20\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 lower in no-cc compared to red clover and alfalfa. At corn harvest, spring terminated plots had 14\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 higher PAN as compared to fall terminated cover crops. At corn harvest, PAN and corn grain yield were significantly higher by 21\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 and 1.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively, in the highest (13.5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) cover crop seeding rate compared to the lowest rate (3.35\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Red clover or alfalfa sown at 6.7\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 with spring termination is recommended to maximize N availability to subsequent corn crop. These observed effects were related to aboveground cover crop growth of alfalfa\u00a0\u2265\u00a0red clover\u00a0>\u00a0>\u00a0crimson clover but only alfalfa and red clover had a positive impact on corn yield in one of two years. Management practices that improve crimson clover establishment and growth, as well as, a cost analysis associated with legume cover cropping are needed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laura L. Van Eerd, Claire Coombs, John D. Lauzon, Bill Deen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-09", "title": "Ridge-Furrow With Plastic Film Mulching Practice Improves Maize Productivity And Resource Use Efficiency Under The Wheat-Maize Double-Cropping System In Dry Semi-Humid Areas", "description": "Abstract Developing water\u2013saving cultivation techniques is necessary to relieve the pressure of water demand under irrigation regions in dry semi\u2013humid areas of China. Ridge\u2013furrow with plastic film mulching (RFPFM), as a prospective rainwater harvesting system, has been widely adopted in rain\u2013fed arid and semi\u2013arid regions in northern China. However, it is unclear if RFPFM can be applied to wheat\u2013maize double\u2013cropping systems to increase the summer\u2013maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in dry semi\u2013humid areas to reduce the use of irrigation water. Three cultivation practices (traditional flat planting (CK), RFPFM and well irrigation planting (WI)) in combination with two nitrogen (N) rates (75 and 225\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) and two cultivars were conducted to certify the potential role of RFPFM in increasing summer\u2013maize yields, WUE, and N fertilizer use efficiency based on the double\u2013cropping system. The results showed that the RFPFM practice hastened maize seeding emergence by 2\u00a0days and extended grain filling duration by 3\u20134\u00a0days in comparison with the CK practice. Aboveground biomass and N accumulation of maize plant were significantly higher under RFPFM and WI practices than the CK practice. The maize yield of RFPFM was similar to that of WI practice, and both practices increased the number of kernels per ear, 1000\u2013kernel weight and grain yield compared to the CK practice. The RFPFM practice increased WUE by 29.2% and 70.5%, compared to the CK and WI practices, respectively, for the summer\u2013maize season, averaged across two years. In addition, RFPFM practice significantly increased N fertilizer productivity and N uptake efficiency by 33.4% and 44.7%, respectively, in comparison with CK, averaged across other treatments and two years. The present study illustrates that the RFPFM practice could maintain the high summer maize productivity under wheat\u2013maize double\u2013cropping systems in dry semi\u2013humid areas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-21", "title": "Ratooning Pigeonpea In Maize-Pigeonpea Intercropping: Productivity And Seed Cost Reduction In Eastern Tanzania", "description": "Abstract Smallholder farmers frequently suffer limited resources and cannot afford to buy improved seeds every season resulting in poor crop establishment. Strategies are needed to reduce costs of crop establishment while maintaining or improving productivity. The objective of this study was to assess the viability of ratooning pigeonpea in maize (Zea mays L.)\u2014pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) intercropping over four cropping seasons (2012\u20132015) at Ilonga Research Institute, eastern Tanzania. Two major factors were considered: cropping system (intercropping vs. sole cropping) and tillage (conventional tillage vs. no-tillage), while ratooning (cutting pigeonpea at 30\u00a0cm and 60\u00a0cm above ground) was a minor factor. Total grain yields of all intercropped maize and pigeonpea were significantly higher than those of maize and legume in the corresponding sole crop treatments showing a high complementarity between maize and pigeonpea crops. All the intercrop treatments had LER values greater than 1, even in situations where component crop yields were small. Results suggested that a ratooning height of 30\u00a0cm allowed large maize yields whereas a height of 60\u00a0cm allowed larger pigeonpea yields, and the choice of ratooning height might depend on the farmer\u2019s objective per season. The tillage system had no significant effect on crop yield. The hypothesis that ratooning pigeonpea is an effective cost reduction strategy that maintains or increases productivity in maize-pigeonpea intercropping was supported. When ratooning was practiced in the intercrops, the seed cost reduction of 23% per season was recorded. Ratooning in sole pigeonpea entailed a larger seed cost reduction from TZS40, 000.00 to TZS13, 333.00 (1US$\u00a0=\u00a0TZS2, 000.00) per season representing a reduction of 67%. The cost reduction due to ratooning was significant as generally less than 10% of the smallholder farmers are able to purchase significant quantities of seed. The prevailing cropping systems and general farmers\u2019 resource endowment in eastern Tanzania coupled with the fragmented seed systems especially for legumes provide a greater scope for the wide scale practice of ratooning pigeonpea in maize-pigeonpea intercropping, reducing seed costs while maintaining productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-15", "title": "Effect Of Fertilizer N Rates And Straw Management On Yield-Scaled Nitrous Oxide Emissions In A Maize-Wheat Double Cropping System", "description": "Abstract Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring crop productivity simultaneously is a major challenge that demands the balance of the amounts of nitrogen (N) and straw (S) applied to agricultural soil. This study seeks to determine whether higher grain yields and lower nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions could be realized concomitantly by optimizing synthetic N rates and straw returning. The effect of fertilizer N rates and straw application on the inter-annual yield-scaled N 2 O emission variations was measured over a three-year period (2011\u20132014) in a maize-wheat cropping system on the North China Plain (NCP). Yield-scaled N 2 O emissions were expressed as g N 2 O-N per Mg grain. Six treatments with three synthetic N levels (zero\u00a0N [N 0 ], optimized N [N opt ] and conventional N [N con ]) and two straw management practices (straw removal [i.e., N 0 , N opt and N con ] and straw return [i.e., N 0 \u00a0+\u00a0S,\u00a0N opt \u00a0+\u00a0S and N con \u00a0+\u00a0S]) were used. Optimized N (N opt , N opt \u00a0+\u00a0S) refers to the use of approximately 50% of the fertilizer N that is used in conventional farming practices (N con , N con \u00a0+\u00a0S), with no significant decrease in grain yields ( P\u00a0> \u00a00.05). Optimized N reduced cumulative N 2 O emissions by 18\u201337%, which in turn significantly decreased yield-scaled N 2 O emissions by 38\u201342% ( P\u00a0 \u00a00.05). The effects of fertilizer N rates and grain yields on cumulative N 2 O emissions are described by linear and exponential models, respectively. Straw return had a positive effect on mean yield-scaled N 2 O emissions both in the maize season and annually. Yield-scaled N 2 O emissions are constructive considering the trade-off between grain yield and N 2 O emission mitigation from intensive crop production. Optimized fertilizer N rate combined with straw return reduced yield-scaled N 2 O emissions significantly in maize-wheat rotations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-20", "title": "Contrasting Effects Of Straw And Straw-Derived Biochar Application On Net Global Warming Potential In The Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract Knowledge about the impacts of the application of organic amendments such as straw and biochar to dryland agricultural soils with respect to soil properties, crop production, soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases emissions is limited. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of straw and straw-derived biochar amendments on soil properties, net global warming potential (NGWP) and net greenhouse gas intensity (NGHGI). A field experiment extending over two years was conducted involving simultaneous measurement of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) content in a wheat\u2013maize crop rotation on the Loess Plateau of China. There were five treatments: control with no amendment (CK); conventional chemical fertilizer only (F); 8\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 wheat straw plus fertilizer (FS); 8\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 straw\u2212derived biochar plus fertilizer (FBlow); and 16\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 straw\u2212derived biochar plus fertilizer (FBhigh). SOC, C:N ratio and high active organic carbon (HAC) increased by 26.4%, 30.8% and 17.1%, respectively in the FBhigh treatment relative to the FS treatment. As compared to the F treatment, addition of straw significantly increased the total soil organic carbon sequestration rate (TSOCSR) in the soil depth of 0\u2013100\u00a0cm and CO 2 emissions, but had no significant effect on soil N 2 O and CH 4 emissions or crop yield. However, straw\u2013derived biochar amendment significantly decreased N 2 O emissions while significantly increasing (p\u00a0 2 emissions. Over all, our result showed an overall reduction in NGWP of 37.8% and 31.5% and in NGHGI of 28.1% and 21.2% under straw\u2212derived biochar amendment at 8\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 and 16\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively as compared to the straw amendment. Thus, amending the soil with straw\u2013derived biochar could provide a mechanism to lower the greenhouse gas intensity while increasing the productivity of wheat and maize cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-15", "title": "Yield, Phosphorus Use Efficiency And Balance Response To Substituting Long-Term Chemical Fertilizer Use With Organic Manure In A Wheat-Maize System", "description": "Abstract The over-application of mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizer has become common in the North China Plain, meanwhile, most of organic manure cannot be recycled into the soil. To make full use of organic manure and decrease the applied rate of mineral P fertilizer, a 20-year fertilization experiment in a continuous wheat-maize rotation was carried out to assess the long-term effects of substituting mineral fertilizer with organic manure on the yield, P use efficiency, and P balance. Treatments included organic compost (OM), half compost in combination with half mineral fertilizer NPK (1/2 OM), mineral fertilizer NPK (NPK), mineral fertilizer NK (NK), and an unfertilized control (CK). The results showed that the grain yield in the NK plots was less than 1.0\u00a0t ha-1 for both wheat and maize. The highest grain yield was obtained for the NPK treatment, which was slightly higher than the yields of the 1/2 OM treatment over all the years. The effects of the compost application were greater on the maize yield than on the wheat yield. Compost addition can significantly increase the P content and P uptake. The mean P fertilization use efficiencies were 53.7, 59.9 and 61.7% in the NPK, 1/2 OM and OM treatments for the wheat-maize system, respectively. In considering the P from the fertilizer, seed and irrigation as inputs and P uptake from crops and P storage in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer as outputs, no significant P loss was observed in all the treatments. The results indicated that an application of mineral fertilizer alone at a reasonable level could result in a high crop yield and a relatively high P use efficiency. Considering the improvements in the P use efficiency and the benefits of soil fertility, replacing less than half the chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer might be a promising alternative in the North China Plain.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wenliang Yang, Xianfeng Zhang, Jiabao Zhang, Xiuli Xin, Anning Zhu, Shengwu Qin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-05", "title": "Is Maize-Cowpea Intercropping A Viable Option For Smallholder Farms In The Risky Environments Of Semi-Arid Southern Africa?", "description": "Intercropping cereals with legumes can potentially enhance productivity and soil fertility. There is limited experimental evidence on the mechanisms underlying benefits or risks in intercropping systems and below-ground interactions in intercrops remain largely unstudied. Such understanding can inform strategies towards maximising returns to investments, particularly in poor fertility soils on smallholder farms in semi-arid areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Additive intercropping experiments were established covering several seasons (2010/11\u20132014/15) and different conditions (on-station and on-farm) to determine effects on soil chemical variables, root dynamics and yield of intercrops. Maize was planted with the first effective rains and received either no fertiliser or 40 kg N ha\u22121. Cowpea was planted on the same date as maize or three weeks after planting maize in intercrops or sole stands and received no fertiliser. End-of-season available N was highest (P 1. Intercropping, however, resulted in compromised cowpea yields especially under the relay intercrop compared with the sole cowpea stands whilst maize yield was either not affected or improved. We attributed this to the lack of below-ground niche differentiation in root distribution between maize and cowpea. Maize\u2013cowpea intercropping with low doses of N fertiliser resulted in over-yielding compared with monocropping. Intercropping proved to be a robust option across seasons and soil types, confirming that it is a promising option for resource-poor smallholders.", "keywords": ["Zimbabwe", "Interspecific facilitation", "Root length density", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "Cereals", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Land-use efficiency", "Maize", "Soil", "Niche differentiation", "Intercropping", "Drylands Agriculture", "African Agriculture", "Legume Crops", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop Yield", "Root distribution", "Southern Africa", "Below-ground complementarity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-30", "title": "Enhancement Of Root Systems Improves Productivity And Sustainability In Water Saving Ground Cover Rice Production System", "description": "Abstract In rice growing regions where water and temperature are growth limiting factors, the use of the innovative water-saving ground cover rice production system (GCRPS) leads to a substantial increase in yields and water use efficiency. However, so far the effect of GCRPS on root growth and its possible contribution to the observed increases in yield and water use efficiency remained unclear. In order to fill in this knowledge gap, we conducted a three-year experiment comparing two production systems: traditional paddy (Paddy) and GCRPS combined with two nitrogen fertilizer regimes (0, 150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ). The parameters investigated were root dry matter, length density and surface area at maximum tillering and flowering stage as well as grain yield and water use efficiency. Our study revealed the following findings: 1) Root dry matter, root length density and surface area were significantly higher in GCRPS than in Paddy at all soil depths. 2) Across the production systems, root dry matter, root length density and surface area at soil depth of 0\u201340\u00a0cm at flowering stage were significant positively correlated to grain yield and total water use efficiency which suggested that improved root morphology traits, especially at flowering stage, contribute to higher grain yield and water use efficiency in GCRPS. Our results show that GCRPS has a positive effect on the development of rice roots and that the improved root development is of vital importance for higher yields. Furthermore, the improved root development in GCRPS may avoid potential lodging phenomena and increase soil organic carbon stocks, thus improving key soil functions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Earth sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-21", "title": "Duckweed (Spirodela Polyrhiza) As Green Manure For Increasing Yield And Reducing Nitrogen Loss In Rice Production", "description": "Abstract Increasing rice production to feed the world\u2019s growing population while protecting the environment requires more optimal use of fertilizers. In China, the current high input, high output and high reliance on synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer in agriculture has resulted in high N losses, especially ammonia (NH 3 ) emission. Urea combined with green manure (GM) might be a promising approach to improve N fertilizer management. However, few studies have evaluated duckweed in this manner. Duckweed does not require arable land for cultivation and thus avoids competition with food crops. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for three years with five treatments (CK, no N-fertilizer; CT, conventional practice, urea alone at 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ; CTD, urea combined with duckweed at 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ; RN, urea alone at 225\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ; and RND, urea combined with duckweed at 225\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) in an intensive rice cropping system in the Taihu Region of China. The results for two years showed that urea combined with duckweed cover reduced NH 3 loss by 36\u201352% over CT. This reduction was attributed primarily to the formation of a physical barrier and the uptake of NH 4 + by duckweed. The 15 N recovery for 15 N balance conducted for one year was 38% higher and the 15 N loss was 16% lower for CTD than that of CT. Furthermore, urea combined with duckweed increased N accumulation in the aboveground plants by 14\u201325% over CT for the 3 years. As a result, urea combined with duckweed achieved higher rice yield by 9\u201310%, and higher net economic benefit by 10\u201311% over CT for the 3 years; however, using the conventional rate of 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 did not increase rice yield over using the reduced N rate of 225\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , with or without duckweed. Thus, duckweed as GM combined with chemical fertilizer application provided an approach for increasing the rice yield without increasing inputs of N fertilizer and thereby provided a financially attractive option for farmers to achieve environmental integrity and ensure food security in rice production.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-06", "title": "Conservation Agriculture Effects On Crop And Water Productivity, Profitability And Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation Under A Maize-Wheat Cropping System In The North-Western Indo-Gangetic Plains", "description": "Abstract The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India is dominated with rice \u2212 wheat cropping system that occupies almost 10.5 million ha area. The sustainability of rice-wheat system is under threat due to numerous water-, nutrients-, weeds- and environment-related problems, mainly, due to the cultivation of rice. Suitable crop and soil management practices with a bias to conservation agriculture (CA) that can sustain soil and environmental health as well as improve crop and water productivity, are required for the Indian IGP. Maize can be a viable alternative to rice and a potential driver for diversification of rice-wheat system. The acreage of maize is on the increase in conventional and conservation agriculture-based cereal systems of India in recent years. Therefore, a field experiment, involving a maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat cropping system was undertaken on a sandy clay loam soil for three years (2010\u201311 to 2012-13) in New Delhi to evaluate the impacts of CA on crop and water productivity, profitability and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. There were five CA-based treatments in first year, and two treatments were introduced in second year (2011-12) onwards. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In all the residue retention plots, wheat residue was retained in maize crop and maize residue was retained in wheat crop under zero till conditions. Results showed that the plots under permanent broad bed with residue (PBB\u00a0+\u00a0R) and without residue (PBB) resulted in \u223c29 and \u223c26% higher maize grain yield, respectively than conventional tillage (CT) (2.6\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121), but wheat grain yields were comparable in all the treatments in first year. Maize grain yield in second year under PBB\u00a0+\u00a0R and zero tillage with residue (ZT\u00a0+\u00a0R) were 55 and 43% higher than CT plots (2.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121). Three-year mean maize yields due to PBB\u00a0+\u00a0R and permanent narrow bed with residue (PNB\u00a0+\u00a0R) were 28 and 15% higher than that in CT plots (3.3\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121). The PBB\u00a0+\u00a0R resulted in 11% higher two-year mean water productivity in maize than PBB (\u223cwithout residue), but both these treatments were comparable in this regard in wheat. The ZT\u00a0+\u00a0R plots resulted in 14% and 22% higher two-year mean water productivity, respectively in maize and wheat than ZT plots. Overall, the plots under PBB\u00a0+\u00a0R had 57% and 19% higher mean water productivities in maize and wheat, respectively compared with CT plots. Again, the PBB\u00a0+\u00a0R plots gave 12% higher two-year mean net returns compared with CT plots. With regard to net returns, the plots under permanent narrow bed with and without residue (PNB\u00a0+\u00a0R; PNB) were inferior to PBB, PBB\u00a0+\u00a0R, ZT and ZT\u00a0+\u00a0R plots. Retention of both-season crop residues could significantly improve SOC concentration in surface (0\u20135\u00a0cm) soil. The PBB\u00a0+\u00a0R resulted in highest SOC pool at 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil layer, which was significantly higher than that in CT. This system showed maximum carbon sequestration potential. Thus, this CA practice, which involves PBB\u00a0+\u00a0R is superior to other practice. This would save water through higher water-use efficiency, and lead to accumulation of more carbon in soil with higher sequestration potential, besides giving sustainable production through maize-wheat system over the years. This can be adopted across the IGP regions of India, where irrigated rice-wheat system is in practice, and in similar agro-ecologies of the tropics and sub-tropics under irrigated conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-15", "title": "Harvest impacts on soil carbon storage in temperate forests", "description": "Forest soil carbon (C) storage is a significant component of the global C cycle, and is important for sustaining forest productivity. Although forest management may have substantial impacts on soil C storage, experimental data from forest harvesting studies have not been synthesized recently. To quantify the effects of harvesting on soil C, and to identify sources of variation in soil C responses to harvest, we used meta-analysis to test a database of 432 soil C response ratios drawn from temperate forest harvest studies around the world. Harvesting reduced soil C by an average of 8 \ufffd 3% (95% CI), although numerous sources of variation mediated this significant, overall effect. In particular, we found that C concentrations and C pool sizes responded differently to harvesting, and forest floors were more likely to lose C than mineral soils. Harvesting caused forest floor C storage to decline by a remarkably consistent 30 \ufffd 6%, but losses were significantly smaller in coniferous/mixed stands (\ufffd 20%) than hardwoods (\ufffd 36%). Mineral soils showed no significant, overall change in C storage due to harvest, and variation among mineral soils was best explained by soil taxonomy. Alfisols and Spodosols exhibited no significant changes, and Inceptisols and Ultisols lost mineral soil C (\ufffd 13% and \ufffd 7%, respectively). However, these C losses were neither permanent nor unavoidable. Controls on variation within orders were not consistent, but included species composition, time, and sampling depth. Temporal patterns and soil C budgets suggest that forest floor C losses probably have a lesser impact on total soil C storage on Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols than on Spodosols, which store proportionately large amounts of C in forest floors with long C recovery times (50\u201370 years). Mineral soil C losses on Inceptisols and Ultisols indicate that these orders are vulnerable to significant harvest-induced changes in total soil C storage, but alternative residue management and site preparation techniques, and the passage of time, may mitigate or negate these losses. Key findings of this analysis, including the dependence of forest floor and mineral soil C storage changes on species composition and soil taxonomic order, suggest that further primary research may make it possible to create predictive maps of forest harvesting effects on soil C storage.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/08-1609.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-14", "title": "Increased Belowground Biomass And Soil Co2 Fluxes After A Decade Of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment In A Warm-Temperate Forest", "description": "Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have risen 40% since the start of the industrial revolution. Beginning in 1996, the Duke Free\uffe2\uff80\uff90Air CO2 Enrichment experiment has exposed plots in a loblolly pine forest to an additional 200 \uffce\uffbcL/L CO2 compared to trees growing in ambient CO2. This paper presents new belowground data and a synthesis of results through 2008, including root biomass and nutrient concentrations, soil respiration rates, soil pore\uffe2\uff80\uff90space CO2 concentrations, and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90solution chemistry to 2 m depth. On average in elevated CO2, fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass in the top 15 cm of soil increased by 24%, or 59 g/m2 (26 g/m2 C). Coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass sampled in 2008 was twice as great in elevated CO2 and suggests a storage of ~20 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Root C and N concentrations were unchanged, suggesting greater belowground plant demand for N in high CO2. Soil respiration was significantly higher by 23% on average as assessed by instantaneous infrared gas analysis and 24\uffe2\uff80\uff90h integrated estimates. N fertilization decreased soil respiration and fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass by ~10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320% in both ambient and elevated CO2. In recent years, increases in root biomass and soil respiration grew stronger, averaging ~30% at high CO2. Peak changes for root biomass, soil respiration, and other variables typically occurred in midsummer and diminished in winter. Soil CO2 concentrations between 15 and 100 cm depths increased 36\uffe2\uff80\uff9360% in elevated CO2. Differences from 30 cm depth and below were still increasing after 10 years' exposure to elevated CO2, with soil CO2 concentrations >10\uffe2\uff80\uff8a000 \uffce\uffbcL/L higher at 70\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 100\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths, potentially influencing soil acidity and rates of weathering. Soil solution Ca2+ and total base cation concentrations were 140% and 176% greater, respectively, in elevated CO2 at 200 cm depth. Similar increases were observed for soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90solution conductivity and alkalinity at 200 cm in elevated CO2. Overall, the effect of elevated CO2 belowground shows no sign of diminishing after more than a decade of CO2 enrichment.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1609.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-1609.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-1609.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-1609.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-06", "title": "Assessment Of Maize Yield-Increasing Potential And Optimum N Level Under Mulched Drip Irrigation In The Northeast Of China", "description": "Abstract A field experiment under film mulched drip irrigation was conducted for two consecutive years (2014.5\u20132015.10) in the Northeast Plain of China (NEC), in order to quantify the maize yield-increasing potential and optimum nitrogen (N) level. The results showed that mulched drip irrigation significantly promoted the environmental factors, maize growth and production in the NEC (p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05). Compared with the traditional rain-fed management, the total soil water storage (SWS) at ridge significantly increased by 80\u00a0mm and the topsoil accumulative temperature (TC) increased by 353\u00a0\u00b0C under mulched drip irrigation. Compared with non-mulched surface drip irrigation, the total SWS and TC also increased by 9\u00a0mm and 245\u2013314\u00a0\u00b0C under mulched drip irrigation. The increased TC was the main reason for the promotion of crop development in the early stage, and it prolonged the duration from tasseling stage (VT) to physiological maturity (R6) and increased the yield. Furthermore, the soil total N at the root zone and N uptake also increased under mulched drip irrigation, about 0.28\u00a0g/kg and 28.41\u00a0kg/hm2 higher than local management, respectively, which could be regarded as the second reason for the yield-increase. The third main reason for the increase in yield was that more net radiation was intercepted by maize under mulched drip irrigation. Compared with local maize cultivation, the maize yield increased by 10%-29%, and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 10%-31% and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased by 57%-84% at 230\u00a0kg/hm2\u00a0N under mulched drip irrigation. There was no significant yield-increasing (p >\u00a00.05) with N changed from 230\u00a0kg/hm2 to 330\u00a0kg/hm2. Therefore, N of 230\u00a0kg/hm2 was recommended for mulched drip-irrigated maize and an increase of more than 10% of yield and WUE was validated by mulched drip irrigation experiments in the NEC.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.10.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-12", "title": "Effects Of Gravel Mulching On Yield And Multilevel Water Use Efficiency Of Wheat-Maize Cropping System In Semi-Arid Region Of Northwest China", "description": "Abstract Gravel mulching technology has been applied in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China for many years. However, systematic field studies concerning its effects on ecological effects and water productivity are insufficient. A field study was conducted during two consecutive cycles of Wheat-Maize cropping system in the Yangling District of Northwest China to evaluate water productivity and crop productivity with the four treatment combinations: CK (control, no mulching), WCK (CK plus 50\u202fmm irrigation), GM (CK plus 8\u202fkg/m2 gravel mulching, covering 100% of soil surface) and WGM (WCK plus GM). Soil temperature, soil moisture, total biomass and yield were significantly increased, whereas CO2 emissions were decreased by gravel mulching treatment over the control. System yield improved by 19.87% and 15.59% by applying 50\u202fmm irrigation, 53.58% and 43.18% by applying gravel mulching and 60.64% and 48.28% by applying gravel mulching and 50\u202fmm irrigation over the control during both the cycle of Wheat-Maize rotation, respectively. Gravel mulching results in a positive contribution to annual net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEP), and high-water use efficiency (WUE) were achieved under gravel mulching treatment for the two rotation cycles. Annual WUEeco and WUEyield significantly increased by 40.6% and 49.2% and 57.6% and 51.4% under the gravel mulching treatment over the control during the two cycles, respectively. However, during cycle 1 WUEveg and WUEbio did not significantly affected whereas during cycle 2 it affected, with a maximum value of 14.4\u202fkg\u202fha\u22121\u202fmm\u22121 in WGM and 47.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f5.1\u202fkg\u202fha\u22121\u202fmm\u22121 in GM, respectively. Taking into account crop yield, ecological effects and water use, covering the soil with gravel is an effective approach to enhance multilevel water use efficiency while increasing the productivity of wheat-maize cropping system in semi-arid regions of China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2018.01.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-03", "title": "Stover Retention Rather Than No-Till Decreases The Global Warming Potential Of Rainfed Continuous Maize Cropland", "description": "Abstract During the past two decades, conservation management practices to sequester soil carbon have been recommended to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the long-term effects of no-till, stover retention, and their interaction on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and GHG emissions from rainfed croplands remain uncertain. In this study, tillage practice and stover management effects were investigated in a long-term rainfed continuous maize cropping system. Measurements of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes and SOC change were conducted in four treatments: conventional tillage with stover removal (CT), conventional tillage with stover retention (CS), no tillage with stover removal (NT) and no tillage with stover retention (NS). Annual N2O emissions with stover retention (CS and NS, 0.52\u20130.74\u202fkg\u202fN\u202fha\u22121\u202fyr\u22121) were significantly higher (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.01.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2018.01.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2018.01.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.01.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-25", "title": "Global sensitivity analysis of crop yield and transpiration from the FAO-AquaCrop model for dryland environments", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Yield", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "630", "AquaCrop", "6. Clean water", "Transpiration", "Dryland", "13. Climate action", "Sensitivity analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/449637/1/AquaCrop_GSA_rev2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/449637/2/Lu2021_AquaCrop_GSA.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-23", "title": "The New Competition For Land: Food, Energy, And Climate Change", "description": "Abstract The paper addresses the new competition for land arising from growing and changing demand for food when combined with increasing global demand for transport energy, under conditions of declining petro-chemical resources and the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The paper starts from the premise of a \u2018food, energy and environment trilemma\u2019 ( Tilman et al., 2009 ), where all demands to expand the area of cultivated land present high risks of increasing the carbon footprint of agriculture. Having reviewed the main drivers of demand for food and for liquid transport fuels, the paper weighs the controversies surrounding biofuels arising from food-price spikes, the demand for land, and consequent direct and indirect land-use change. It suggests that we need a more complex, and geographically differentiated, analysis of the interactions between direct and indirect land-use change. The paper then reviews evidence of land availability, and suggests that in addition to technical availability in terms of soil, water, and climate, political, social, and technological factors have significantly shaped the competition for land in different global regions, particularly the three major biofuel producing ones of the USA, Brazil and Europe. This point is further developed by reviewing the different innovation pathways for biofuels in these three regions. The main conclusion of this review is firstly that any analysis requires an integrated approach to the food-energy-environment trilemma, and secondly that strategic political direction of innovation and sustainability regulation are required to bring about major shifts in agriculture leading to sustainable intensification of cultivation ( Royal Society, 2009 ), rather than the continued expansion of cultivated area. The consequent perspective is one of considerable global variety in technologies, agricultural productive systems, and use of natural resources. This contrasts sharply with the world of a dominant global and integrated technology platform based on petro-chemicals to which we have become accustomed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "330", "food", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "HM Sociology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "630", "biofuels", "innovation", "12. Responsible consumption", "competition for land", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-10", "title": "Organic Residue Mass At Planting Is An Excellent Predictor Of Tree Growth In Eucalyptus Plantations Established On A Sandy Tropical Soil", "description": "Abstract Tropical plantation forests are meeting an increasing proportion of global wood demand and comprehensive studies assessing the impact of silvicultural practices on tree and soil functioning are required to achieve sustainable yields. The objectives of our study were: (1) to quantify the effects of contrasting organic residue (OR) retention methods on tree growth and soil nutrient pools over a full Eucalyptus rotation and (2) to assess the potential of soil analyses to predict yields of fast-growing plantations established on tropical sandy soils. An experiment was set up in the Congo at the harvesting of the first rotation after afforestation of a native herbaceous savanna. Six treatments were set up in 0.26\u00a0ha plots and replicated in 4 blocks, with OR mass at planting ranging from 0 to 46.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 . Tree growth over the whole rotation was highly dependent on OR management at planting. Over-bark trunk volume 7 years after planting ranged from 96\u00a0m 3 \u00a0ha \u22121 in the treatment with forest floor and harvest residue removal at planting to 164\u00a0m 3 \u00a0ha \u22121 in the treatment with the largest amount of OR. A comparison of nutrient stocks within the ecosystem at planting and at the end of the rotation suggested that nutrient contents in OR were largely involved in the different response observed between treatments. OR management treatments did not significantly modify most of the nutrient concentrations in the upper layers of the mineral soil. Conventional soil analyses performed before planting and at ages 1 and 3 years were unable to detect differences between treatments despite large differences in tree growth. In contrast, linear regressions between stand aboveground biomass at harvesting and OR mass at planting (independent variable) showed that OR mass was an excellent predictor of stand yield ( R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.99). A large share of soil fertility comes from organic material above the mineral soil in highly weathered sandy soils and OR mass at planting might be used in conjunction with soil analyses to assess the potential of these soils to support forest plantations.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "rendement des cultures", "Slash", "F62 - Physiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale - Croissance et d\u00e9veloppement", "for\u00eat tropicale", "01 natural sciences", "630", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24904", "sol tropical", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16118", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5387", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "substance nutritive", "r\u00e9sidu de r\u00e9colte", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1811", "15. Life on land", "croissance", "Carbon", "sol sableux", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "Residue", "Fertility", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394", "Indicator", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7978", "mati\u00e8re organique", "Organic matter", "plantations", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5274", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6781", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5990", "Nutrient", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.12.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-03", "title": "Growth And Structure Development Of Semi-Natural Larch-Spruce-Fir (Larix Olgensis-Picea Jezoensis-Abies Nephrolepis) Forests In Northeast China: 12-Year Results After Thinning", "description": "Analyzing and understanding the structure and growth dynamics of semi-natural plantations is useful for their management. Since 1987, 16 plots with 4 treatments (CT: control; LT: light thinning; MT: medium thinning; and HT: heavy thinning) by 0, 20, 30 and 40% of basal area removal, respectively, and four replications were established in semi-natural larch-spruce-fir forests in northeast China. The structure and growth dynamics of semi-natural larch-spruce-fir stands and the effects of thinning on the growth, structure and diversity were examined. A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) was used to test the effects of treatment and time.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Changhui Peng, Lingxia Hong, Jie Chang, Yuanchang Lu, Xiangdong Lei, Xiaopeng Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.12.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.12.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.12.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.12.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2022.965576", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-08", "title": "Legacy effect of microplastics on plant-soil feedbacks", "description": "Microplastics affect plants and soil biota and the processes they drive. However, the legacy effect of microplastics on plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedbacks is still unknown. To address this, we used soil conditioned from a previous experiment, where Daucus carota grew with 12 different microplastic types (conditioning phase). Here, we extracted soil inoculum from those 12 soils and grew during 4\uffe2\uff80\uff89weeks a native D. carota and a range-expanding plant species Calamagrostis epigejos in soils amended with this inoculum (feedback phase). At harvest, plant biomass and root morphological traits were measured. Films led to positive feedback on shoot mass (higher mass with inoculum from soil conditioned with microplastics than with inoculum from control soil). Films may decrease soil water content in the conditioning phase, potentially reducing the abundance of harmful soil biota, which, with films also promoting mutualist abundance, microbial activity and carbon mineralization, would positively affect plant growth in the feedback phase. Foams and fragments caused positive feedback on shoot mass likely via positive effects on soil aeration in the conditioning phase, which could have increased mutualistic biota and soil enzymatic activity, promoting plant growth. By contrast, fibers caused negative feedback on root mass as this microplastic may have increased soil water content in the conditioning phase, promoting the abundance of soil pathogens with negative consequences for root mass. Microplastics had a legacy effect on root traits: D. carota had thicker roots probably for promoting mycorrhizal associations, while C. epigejos had reduced root diameter probably for diminishing pathogenic infection. Microplastic legacy on soil can be positive or negative depending on the plant species identity and may affect plant biomass primarily via root traits. This legacy may contribute to the competitive success of range-expanding species via positive effects on root mass (foams) and on shoot mass (PET films). Overall, microplastics depending on their shape and polymer type, affect plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedbacks.
", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "soil inocula", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "plant\u2013soil interactions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SB1-1110", "root morphological traits", "03 medical and health sciences", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)", "polymer type", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microplastic shape", "plant biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.965576"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2022.965576", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2022.965576", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2022.965576"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-10-27", "title": "Experimental N Fertilization Of Scots Pine: Effects On Soil-Solution Chemistry 8 Years After Final Felling", "description": "Abstract Previous N fertilizations in boreal forests may increase the leaching of elements such as NO3\u2212 and Al after final felling. In order to study such effects, soil-solution chemistry was investigated during the eighth growing season after final felling a Scots pine stand in central Sweden. This stand had been subjected to experimental N fertilization, with the latest application performed 6 years before final felling. Soil solution at a depth of 50\u00a0cm was collected with Teflon and ceramic suction cups in duplicate plots to which ammonium nitrate had been applied three times, giving total N doses of 0, 360 and 1800\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121. Compared with the control, the 360\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 treatment showed no significant (P>0.05) effects on soil-solution chemistry. The 1800\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 treatment tended to have higher concentrations of H+, total Al, Mn, NO3\u2212-N, total N and F\u2212, and lower acid-neutralizing capacity than both the control and the 360\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 treatment. Forest fertilization with 1800\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 negatively affected soil-solution chemistry after final felling as opposed to the low fertilizer dose common in Swedish silviculture. While the study provides only a snapshot in time, a final conclusion could not be drawn for the low fertilizer dose.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Eva Ring", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-10-27", "title": "Decadal Responses In Soil N Dynamics At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, Usa", "description": "Abstract Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to forested ecosystems is a concern because of both geochemical and biological consequences for ecosystem integrity. High levels of prolonged N deposition can lead to \u201cN saturation\u201d of the ecosystem. The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine is a long-term, paired forested watershed experiment with over a decade of experimental N additions (\u223c 34 kg ha \u22121 per year = ambient + treatment ) to investigate the biogeochemical consequences of N saturation. Both in situ and laboratory studies of N mineralization and nitrification were carried out to evaluate the changes in N cycling brought about by the long-term N additions. Consistent with hypotheses set forth in the literature (sensu [BioScience 39 (1989) 378]), the treated watershed had higher rates of N cycling compared to the reference watershed. In addition, we report important differences in N cycling rates as a function of forest cover type and soil horizon. Higher rates of net N mineralization occurred in hardwood O horizons compared to softwoods, but the opposite was true in the mineral soils suggesting an important link between litter type and N mineralization that varies with depth in the pedon. Nitrification showed the greatest response to N treatments, with the majority of mineralized N subsequently oxidized to nitrate in the mineral soils. By comparing the data herein with that previously reported for the Bear Brook experiment, it appears that the ecosystem response to N treatment continues to evolve on a decadal time scale and inherent differences in forest cover types and their underlying soils alter the fate of depositional N.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.09.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-24", "title": "Pre-Commercial Thinning Effects On Growth, Yield And Mortality In Even-Aged Paper Birch Stands In British Columbia", "description": "Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify 5-year growth, yield and mortality responses of 9- to 13-year-old naturally regenerated, even-aged paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) stands to pre-commercial thinning in interior British Columbia. The study included four residual densities (9902\u201321,807\u00a0stems\u00a0ha\u22121 (unthinned control), 3000, 1000 and 400\u00a0stems\u00a0ha\u22121) and four sites with 3-fold within-site replication in a randomised block design. The largest, straightest, undamaged trees were selected to leave during thinning. Thinning reduced stand basal area from 5.90\u00a0m2\u00a0ha\u22121 in the control to 2.50, 1.53 and 0.85\u00a0m2\u00a0ha\u22121 in the three thinning treatments, representing 42, 26 and 15% of control basal area, respectively. After 5 years, total stand volume per plot remained lower in the three thinning treatments than the control (50.20, 30.07, 18.99 and 11.86\u00a0m3 in the control, 3000, 1000 and 400\u00a0stems\u00a0ha\u22121 treatments), whereas mean stand diameter, diameter increment, height, and height increment were increased by thinning, and top height (tallest 100\u00a0trees\u00a0ha\u22121) was unaffected. When a select group of crop trees (largest 250\u00a0trees\u00a0ha\u22121) in the thinning treatments was compared with the equivalent group in the control, there was a significant increase in mean diameter, diameter increment, basal area, basal area increment, and volume increment. Mean height, height increment, top height, and total volume were unaffected by thinning. Crop tree diameter increment was the greatest following thinning to 400\u00a0stems\u00a0ha\u22121 for all diameter classes. Thinning to 1000\u00a0stems\u00a0ha\u22121 resulted in lower diameter increment than thinning to 400\u00a0stems\u00a0ha\u22121 but tended to have higher volume increment. Dominant trees responded similarly to subdominant trees at 400\u00a0stems\u00a0ha\u22121, but showed the greatest response at 3000\u00a0stems\u00a0ha\u22121. Results suggest that pre-commercial thinning of 9\u201313-year-old stands to 1000\u00a0stems\u00a0ha\u22121 would improve growth of individual trees without seriously under-utilising site resources.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Suzanne W. Simard, Trevor Blenner-Hassett, Ian R Cameron,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.09.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.09.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.09.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.09.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00801", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-20", "title": "National-scale digital soil mapping performances are related to covariates and sampling density: Lessons from France", "description": "Accurate soil property and class predictions through spatial modelling necessitate a thoughtful selection of explanatory variables and sample size, as their choice greatly impacts model performance. Within the framework of Global Soil Nutrient and Nutrient Budgets maps (GSNmap), the FAO Global Soil Partnership (GSP) launched a country-driven digital soil mapping (DSM) approach. The GSP asked the countries if they could implement the DSM prediction of ten soil properties, using their national point data and a set of widely available covariates (GSP_Cov). In this study, we examined the effect of including additional national-based covariates and soil observations on the performance of the prediction models using mainland France as a pilot. The learning soil dataset was based on a systematic 16-to-16\u202fkm grid. For a subset of soil properties, we also assessed using repeated k-fold cross-validation the effect of adding to this dataset many other irregularly spread measurements. The GSP_Cov included common widely available covariates that represented information about terrain, climate, and organisms. The second set of covariates consisted of the GSP_Cov, extended to extra covariates available at a national level, such as previously existing soil maps, geological maps, remote sensing products and others. Random Forest approach in combination with the Boruta selection method was employed for mapping ten soil properties: soil organic carbon (SOC), pH (water), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K), cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density (BD), and texture (clay, silt, and sand). The results revealed noteworthy enhancements in prediction performance for more than half of the properties, although, for some of them, the improvements were negligible. The most significant improvements were obtained for pH, CEC and texture, where geological variables and a previous pH map significantly contributed to the increase in accuracy. Adding numerous points (around 25,000) to the learning dataset improved the performance of soil particle-size fractions predictions. By broadening the spectrum of covariates and better covering the feature and geographical spaces considered in soil prediction models, this research underscores the importance of implementing a more diverse range of covariates at a national scale and of densifying soil information to enlarge the feature and geographical spaces of multidimensional soil/covariates combinations. This information should be taken into account in national and continental digital soil mapping endeavours.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Digital soil mapping", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Spatial sampling", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Covariates", "Modelling", "Random forest"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Suleymanov, Azamat, Richer-De-Forges, Anne C, Saby, Nicolas P. A., Arrouays, Dominique, Martin, Manuel P, Bispo, Antonio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00801"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma%20Regional", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00801", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00801", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00801"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-07", "title": "Stand Restoration Burning In Oak-Pine Forests In The Southern Appalachians: Effects On Aboveground Biomass And Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling", "description": "Understory prescribed burning is being suggested as a viable management tool for restoring degraded oak\u2013pine forest communities in the southern Appalachians yet information is lacking on how this will affect ecosystem processes. Our objectives in this study were to evaluate the watershed scale effects of understory burning on total aboveground biomass, and the carbon and nitrogen pools in coarse woody debris (CWD), forest floor and soils. We also evaluated the effects of burning on three key biogeochemical fluxes; litterfall, soil CO2 flux and soil net nitrogen mineralization. We found burning significantly reduced understory biomass as well as the carbon and nitrogen pools in CWD, small wood and litter. There was no significant loss of carbon and nitrogen from the fermentation, humus and soil layer probably as the result of low fire intensity. Burning resulted in a total net loss of 55 kg ha \ufffd 1 nitrogen from the wood and litter layers, which should be easily replaced by future atmospheric deposition. We found a small reduction in soil CO2 flux immediately following the burn but litterfall and net nitrogen mineralization were not significantly different from controls throughout the growing season following the burn. Overall, the effects of burning on the ecosystem processes we measured were small, suggesting that prescribed burning may be an effective management tool for restoring oak\u2013pine ecosystems in the southern Appalachians. Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-27", "title": "Limitations To Carbon Mineralization In Litter And Mineral Soil Of Young And Old Ponderosa Pine Forests", "description": "Summer drought is a feature of the semi-arid region of central Oregon, USA, where vegetation naturally develops into ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. Laws) forest. Forest management consists of clearcut harvest and natural regeneration. Soil microbial activity is interconnected with forest processes because substrate quality and availability can be important driving variables. Stand development influences the soil water regime, and water availability may also limit microbial activity. We determined factors limiting litter and mineral soil carbon (C) mineralisation rates in undisturbed old growth and regenerating (hereafter, young) ponderosa pine stands under a semi-arid climate. Mass of litter and dead fine roots did not differ significantly between the stands, but litter substrate quality was different. Young stand litter had significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen (N), extractable organic N, extractable C, and microbial C and N than that from the old stand, probably because of litter fall from the broadleaved shrub understorey, including the N-fixing species Purshia tridentata (Pursch) DC, that comprised 40% of the young stand\u2019s leaf area. The old stand contained no understorey. For litter samples from the two stands, wetted to 60% of water-holding capacity (WHC), net mineral-N and CO2\u2010C mineralisation rates were similar despite the substrate quality differences. Mineral soil properties at 0\u20100.1 m depth were similar in the two stands, except for lower CO2\u2010C production in samples from the young stand; at 0.1\u20100.5 m depth, total C and N and microbial N concentrations were higher in the young stand. Net mineral-N production in field-moist soil, sampled during a typical summer drought and incubated at 25 8C for 56 days, was generally 3\u20106 mg kg \ufffd 1 soil at both sites, but increased up to 29 mg kg \ufffd 1 upon wetting to 60% of water-holding capacity. Over 56-day-long incubations, wetting also increased litter and soil microbial respiration rates by factors of about 500 and 3, respectively. The incubations yielded a proportionality between respiration rate and water content that was supported by in situ measurements of soil respiration in the young stand, before and after irrigation. A hypothetically wet year without soil water deficit caused a 2.5-fold increase in a modelled estimate of the young stand\u2019s annual soil respiration rate. Litter and soil C mineralisation rates in these ponderosa pine forests thus appeared to be limited much more by the availability of water than by a lack of available C or N substrates. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-19", "title": "Long-Term Trends In Loblolly Pine Productivity And Stand Characteristics In Response To Thinning And Fertilization In The West Gulf Region", "description": "Abstract Two levels each of thinning and fertilization were applied to a 7-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on a nitrogen- and phosphorus-deficient West Gulf Coastal Plain site in Louisiana. Levels of thinning were no thinning, or thinning applied 7 and 14 years after stand initiation. Levels of fertilization were no fertilization or broadcast fertilization with diammonium phosphate at age 7 years plus refertilization with urea, monocalcium phosphate, and potash at age 14 years. Long-term measurements of climate, stand development and productivity, projected leaf area index, and foliar nutrition were initiated at age 11 years. We found that by age 17 years, thinning increased mean live-crown length from 4.2 to 7.8\u00a0m, and mean tree diameter from 15.0 to 21.8\u00a0cm compared to the unthinned treatment. After rethinning at age 14 years, stand basal area increased 1.2 and 19.2% between ages 15 and 17 years on the unthinned and thinned plots, respectively. Refertilization at age 14 years reestablished foliar N, P and K sufficiency, which increased leaf area index from 4.2 to 6.0\u00a0m2\u00a0m\u22122 on the unthinned plots and from 3.2 to 3.8\u00a0m2\u00a0m\u22122 on the thinned plots, and subsequently, increased gross stand biomass from 114 to 141\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 on the unthinned plots and from 78 to 95\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 on the thinned plots by age 17 years. Leaf area was an important factor controlling loblolly pine productivity. At our study site, however, competition for light and water and nutrition-limited foliage growth influenced the variability and scope of this relationship. Our results suggest that a positive and linear relationship between leaf area and loblolly pine productivity does not universally occur on loblolly pine sites.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.050", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-03", "title": "Effects Of Canopy Cover And Understory Environment Of Tree Plantations On Richness, Density And Size Of Colonizing Woody Species In Southern Ethiopia", "description": "To assess the effects of canopy characteristics and associated understory environmental factors of tree plantations on native woody species colonization, we measured canopy closure percent (CCP), leaf area index (LAI), understory air and soil temperatures as well as soil moisture in two broadleaved and two coniferous plantations in southern Ethiopia. The plantation species were Cordia africana (indigenous and broadleaved), Eucalyptus saligna (exotic and broadleaved), Cupressus lusitanica (exotic and coniferous) and Pinus patula (exotic and coniferous). The broadleaved species had significantly lower CCP (P<0.001), LAI (P<0.001), higher understory air temperature (P<0.001), soil temperature (P<0.001) as well as higher diurnal temperature fluctuations than the conifers. These characteristics were accompanied with significantly higher species richness (P<0.05) and density (P<0.01) of colonizing woody species (CWS) under the broadleaved species than the conifers. Cupressus lusitanica, the species with the densest canopy (CCP=94.2%), had the lowest significant understory air and soil temperatures, species richness and density of CWS. On the other hand, Pinus patula, a relatively open canopy conifer, had intermediate CCP, LAI, air and soil temperatures between the broadleaved species and Cupressus lusitanica, but had comparable species richness, density, DBH and heights of CWS with those of the broadleaved species. These results suggest a relationship between plantation canopy characteristics and richness, density and sizes of woody species colonizing under the plantation canopies. Accordingly, we propose that stands of plantation species with open canopies could enhance more native woody recolonization than stands of plantation species with dense canopies at the study site.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mulugeta Lemenih, Demel Teketay, Taye Gidyelew,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.050"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.050", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.050", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.050"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-29", "title": "Comparison Of Soil Attributes Under Cupressus Lusitanica And Eucalyptus Saligna Established On Abandoned Farmlands With Continuously Cropped Farmlands And Natural Forest In Ethiopia", "description": "Abstract Soil attributes under two fast growing exotic plantations (Cupressus lusitanica and Eucalyptus saligna) established on abandoned farmlands were compared with soils of mechanized farming (MF), traditional farming (TF) and adjacent natural forest in Ethiopia. The plantations were established on an abandoned part of the MF site. All soils in the study were Humic Haplustands. Fifteen years after plantation establishment, the surface soil (0\u201310\u00a0cm) under C. lusitanica had lower bulk density, higher soil C, total N, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), available K, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg than the soils of MF and TF. On the contrary, the same soil layer under E. saligna had lower soil C, total N, BS, CEC, available P, available K, and exchangeable Ca than the soils of TF and MF. Except for some soil properties under C. lusitanica that showed consistently high concentrations, most soil properties in the sub-soil layers (10\u201320 and 20\u201340\u00a0cm) did not show clear differences between the sites as in the surface 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer. Comparison of the two farming situations showed higher soil compaction and poorer soil status under MF than TF. Computed deterioration index (DI) revealed a high positive index for the soil under C. lusitanica (DI=+337) suggesting a cumulative positive effect of the species on soil properties. Soil properties deteriorated under E. saligna (DI=\u2212198) even compared to the soils subject to MF and TF (DI=\u2212185 and \u221277, respectively). We concluded that forest plantations can be used to facilitate soil restoration on degraded farmlands, but that the degree, rate and direction of changes in soil attributes are species dependent. We suggest that long-term effects on soil properties should be considered as one of the criteria when selecting species for afforestation or reforestation of degraded farmlands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mats Olsson, Mulugeta Lemenih, Erik Karltun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.055", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-12", "title": "Soil Properties In Fire-Consumed Log Burnout Openings In A Missouri Oak Savanna", "description": "Abstract Downed logs are known to increase species diversity in many forest ecosystems by increasing resource and structural complexity and by altering fire behavior in fire-prone ecosystems. In a frequently burned oak savanna in central Missouri, combustion of downed logs formed patches that have remained free of herbaceous vegetation for more than 3 years. To assess the influence of \u201clog burnouts\u201d on soil conditions we compared soil chemical, biological and physical properties in log burnout zones and beneath surrounding herbaceous vegetation. Soil pH and extractable soil NO3\u2212, P, K+ and Ca2+ were all higher in the log burnouts compared to adjacent soil. There was no difference in total soil N or extractable NH4+. An index of plant N availability was lower and the soil C:N ratio was higher in the burnout patches, though the magnitudes of these reductions do not explain the persistence of the bare patches. We suspect that following log combustion degraded soil aggregate structure and decreased soil porosity alters soil water availability and restricts plant colonization into the log burnouts areas. The modified soil conditions associated with fire-consumed coarse woody debris may have a long-term influence on herbaceous species diversity and spatial distribution in fire-maintained oak savannas.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-10", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Repeated Urea Fertilization In Douglas-Fir Stands On Forest Floor Nitrogen Pools And Nitrogen Mineralization", "description": "Abstract In six Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] stands in the Puget Sound Region in Western Washington/USA, forest floor C and N pools were quantified on control plots and on plots that had been fertilized repeatedly with urea 8\u201330 years ago (total amount of applied N 0.9\u20131.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). Additionally, net N mineralization and nitrification rates were assessed in field and laboratory incubation experiments. Forest floor C/N ratios were decreased on the fertilized plots of all sites compared to the respective control plots. The decreases were particularly strong at sites with initial C/N ratios larger than 30. On sites with low productivity (site index at age 50: 30. For the investigated sites, fertilization effects on net N mineralization sustained for at least 11 years after the last fertilizer application. Nitrification correlated strongly with the forest floor pH; significant formation of NO3\u2212 was observed only for O layers with a pH (H2O) higher than 4.5.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J\u00f6rg Prietzel, Gage L. Wagoner, Robert B. Harrison,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-30", "title": "Soil N And P Dynamics In Two Secondary Tropical Dry Forests After Fertilization", "description": "Abstract Soil nitrogen (extractable, microbial, potential N-transformations, and total) and phosphorus (available, microbial, and total) cycling were studied following N and/or P additions in two regenerating secondary tropical dry forests (TDFs) growing on limestone in the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) differing in successional stage and nutrient status. Our sites included forests in early-successional stage (10-year-old), where primary production is limited by N and by P, and in late-successional stage (\u223c60-year-old), where primary production is limited by P. Four independent plots ( 12 m \u00d712 \u00a0m) at each forest were either left intact (controls) or fertilized with N, with P, or with N plus P for three consecutive years. In both forest soils, N availability was high: potential N mineralization and nitrification were consistently high and positive, and the ratio nitrification/N mineralization was always greater than one. In the youngest forest, the repeated P fertilization significantly increased total pool sizes of N and its potential mineralization in the soil. In this forest, both N and P additions were actively incorporated into the microbial biomass (between 15 and 30% of N and P added were immobilized). Microbial biomass is thus an important factor contributing to nutrient immobilization in this N and P-limited site. Similar to younger forest, additions of nutrients to the late-successional forest increased the potential N-transformations and P fertilization increased the total N in the soil. However, in contrast to the younger counterpart, fertilization did not significantly alter the large standing pools of soil microbial biomass N and P. In summary, these results suggest that N and P inputs during the recovery of tropical dry forest on limestone soils in Yucatan follow different pathways depending of the successional stage of the vegetation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Enrique Sol\u0131\u0301s, Julio Campo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-29", "title": "Chronic Nitrogen Additions Reduce Total Soil Respiration And Microbial Respiration In Temperate Forest Soils At The Harvard Forest", "description": "At the Harvard Forest Long-term Ecological Research Site Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Study, a red pine and a mixed deciduous stand showed immediate changes in soil respiration following nitrogen additions (low N: 5 g N m \ufffd 2 per year; high N: 15 g N m \ufffd 2 per year) during the initial year (1988) of the study. In the hardwood stand, soil respiration rates increased after N additions in the first year (control: 482.0 g C m \ufffd 2 per year; high N: 596.5 g C m \ufffd 2 per year). This increase is attributed to increased productivity in the hardwood stand compared to the pine stand; N additions are hypothesized to have increased either root or microbial activity, or perhaps both. In the second year, however, respiration in the fertilized hardwood plots was not different from the control plot. In the pine stand, annual soil respiration was 21 and 25% lower, respectively, in low N and high N plots than the control (429.9 g C m \ufffd 2 per year), with further reductions in the second year. Weekly measures of soil respiration during summer 2001 showed that after 13 years of continuous nitrogen fertilization, soil respiration in the high N plots during growing season months was suppressed by 41% in both stands. To investigate the possibility that reduced microbial activity contributed to decreased total soil respiration, we incubated root-free soil and measured CO2 fluxes. The pattern in average respiration for incubated soils was similar to that observed from total soil respiration measured in the field. Laboratory respiration rates from the hardwood high N and pine high N soils were 43 and 64%, respectively, lower than rates from control soils. This indicates that nitrogen additions have reduced microbial activity and thus CO2 production in the field. Declines in forest productivity measured at both sites, as well as substantial tree mortality observed at the high N sites, may also lower root activity and rhizodeposition, and are also likely to reduce microbial decomposition by reducing organic matter available to soil microbes. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-08", "title": "Decomposing Litter As A Sink For N-15-Enriched Additions To An Oak Forest And A Red Pine Plantation", "description": "Abstract The importance of surface litter as a sink for atmospheric N deposition on forests was investigated using 15 N tracers to quantify the effects of N input rate and litter age on retention of N inputs by forest litter. The study was conducted in plots receiving ambient (0.8\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122 per year) and chronically elevated N inputs (ambient+5\u00a0g\u00a0NH4NO3-N\u00a0m\u22122 per year) in both a hardwood forest and a red pine plantation. Plots ( 30 m \u00d730 \u00a0m) were part of the Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Study at the Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. To allow estimates of N sink strength in litter cohorts of two different ages, litterbags containing oak leaves, maple leaves, pine needles, or maple wood chips were placed in the plots in years 1 and 3 of fertilizer additions. Uptake of N inputs into decomposing litter was estimated using 15 N tracers applied as 15 NH 4 or 15 NO 3 during years 4 and 5 of fertilizer additions. Thus 15 N additions occurred to litters in their fourth and fifth years of decay (set out in year 1 of N additions) and to litters in their second and third years of decay (set out in year 3 of N additions). The effect of N input level on mass loss and N dynamics varied among litter types and appeared to increase with litter age. Fertilization decreased mass loss and loss of initial N content in maple and oak leaf litters, but it enhanced mass loss in wood and had little effect on pine needles. Decomposing litter cohorts in both forests retained significant proportions of N inputs at both ambient (20% in hardwood, 9% in pine) and elevated levels (7% in hardwood, 6% in pine) over the 2 years of tracer additions. Tracer assimilation into the 2-year-old litter cohort decreased under elevated N inputs, NO3\u2212 assimilation decreased relative to NH4+, and assimilation of both forms was lower in 4-year-old material on a per unit litter mass basis. Ecosystem-scale retention of N inputs by the 2+4-year-old litter cohorts in both forests increased with N input level, from 0.32 and 0.15\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122 over 2 years (ambient hardwood and pine plots) to 0.86 and 0.70\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122 over 2 years (fertilized hardwood and pine plots). Although N sink strength of litter pools increased more strongly in the pine forest in response to elevated N inputs, the hardwood forest retained more N under both input levels, suggesting that it may be a larger sink for atmospheric N deposition than the pine forest. Recently formed litter pools assimilate more NO3\u2212 than NH4+ under ambient N deposition, but may lose capacity to assimilate NO3\u2212 relative to NH4+ under potential future increases in N deposition.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-29", "title": "Response Of Soil Microbial Biomass And Community Composition To Chronic Nitrogen Additions At Harvard Forest", "description": "Abstract Soil microbial communities may respond to anthropogenic increases in ecosystem nitrogen (N) availability, and the microbial response may ultimately feed back on ecosystem carbon and N dynamics. We examined the long-term effects of chronic N additions on soil microbes by measuring soil microbial biomass, composition and substrate utilization patterns in pine and hardwood forests at the Harvard Forest Chronic N Amendment Study. Functional and structural genes for important N cycling processes were studied using DNA community profiles. In the O horizon soil of both stands, N additions decreased microbial biomass C as determined by chloroform fumigation-extraction. Utilization of N-containing substrates was lower in N-treated pine soils than in the controls, suggesting that N additions reduced potential microbial activity in the pine stand. Counts of fungi and bacteria as determined by direct microscopy and culture techniques did not show a clear response to N additions. Nitrogen additions, however, strongly influenced microbial community DNA profiles. The ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) generally was found in high N-treated soils, but not in control soils. The nifH gene for N2-fixation was generally found in all soils, but was more difficult to amplify in the pine N-treated soil than the controls, suggesting that the population of N2-fixers was altered by N additions. The 16S rDNA gene for Nitrobacter was found in all samples, but distinct differences among DNA profiles were observed in the pine B horizon in the control, low N, and high N-treated plots. Our findings indicate that chronic N additions decreased chloroform microbial carbon and altered microbial community profiles. These changes in microbial community structure may be an important component of the response of terrestrial ecosystems to human-accelerated N supply.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shira H. DeGrood, L. Arlene Porteous, Lidia S. Watrud, Jana E. Compton,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=15.+Life+on+land&offset=3250&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=15.+Life+on+land&offset=3250&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=15.+Life+on+land&offset=3200", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=15.+Life+on+land&offset=3300", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 12445, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T10:58:37.707472Z"}