{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-03", "title": "Endogeic Earthworms Alter Carbon Translocation By Fungi At The Soil-Litter Interface", "description": "Abstract   The effect of endogeic earthworms ( Octolasion tyrtaeum  (Savigny)) on the translocation of litter-derived carbon into the upper layer of a mineral soil by fungi was investigated in a microcosm experiment. Arable soil with and without  O. tyrtaeum  was incubated with  13 C/ 15 N-labelled rye leaves placed on plastic rings with gaze (64\u00a0\u03bcm mesh size) to avoid incorporation of leaves by earthworms. The plastic rings were positioned either on or 3\u00a0cm above the soil surface, to distinguish between biotic and chemical/physical translocation of nutrients by fungi and leaching.  Contact of leaves to the soil increased  13 C translocation, whereas presence of  O. tyrtaeum  reduced the incorporation of  13 C into the mineral soil in all treatments. Although biomass of  O. tyrtaeum  decreased during the experiment, more  13 C and  15 N was incorporated into earthworm tissue in treatments with contact of leaves to the soil. Contact of leaves to the soil and the presence of  O. tyrtaeum  increased cumulative  13 CO 2 -C production by 18.2% and 14.1%, respectively.  The concentration of the fungal bio-indicator ergosterol in the soil tended to be increased and that of the fungal-specific phospholipid fatty acid 18:2 \u03c9 6 was significantly increased in treatments with contact of leaves to the soil. Earthworms reduced the concentration of ergosterol and 18:2 \u03c9 6 in the soil by 14.0% and 43.2%, respectively. Total bacterial PLFAs in soil were also reduced in presence of  O. tyrtaeum , but did not respond to the addition of the rye leaves. In addition, the bacterial community in treatments with  O. tyrtaeum  differed from that without earthworms and shifted towards an increased dominance of Gram-negative bacteria.  The results indicate that litter-decomposing fungi translocate litter-derived carbon via their mycelial network in to the upper mineral soil. Endogeic earthworms decrease fungal biomass by grazing and disruption of fungal hyphae thereby counteracting the fungal-mediated translocation of carbon in soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-05", "title": "Soil Microbial Biomass, Dehydrogenase Activity, Bacterial Community Structure In Response To Long-Term Fertilizer Management", "description": "This study describes the effects of balanced versus nutrient-deficiency fertilization on soil microbial biomass, activity, and bacterial community structure in a long-term (16 years) field experiment. Long-term fertilization greatly increased soil microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity, except that the P-deficiency fertilization had no significant effect. Organic manure had a significantly greater (P<0.05) impact on the biomass C and the activity, compared with mineral fertilizers. Microbial metabolic activity (dehydrogenase activity per microbial biomass C) was significantly higher (P<0.05) under balanced fertilization than under nutrient-deficiency fertilization. General bacterial community structure was analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) targeting eubacterial 16S rRNA gene. Mineral fertilization did not affect the DGGE banding pattern, while specific DGGE band was observed in organic manure-fertilized soils. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the change of bacterial community in organic manure-fertilized soil might not be because of the direct influence of the bacteria in the compost, but because of the promoting effect of the compost on the growth of an indigenous Bacillus sp. in the soil. We emphasize the importance of balanced-fertilization, as well as the role of P, in maintaining soil organic matter, and promoting the biomass and activity of microorganisms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-22", "title": "The Influence Of Soluble Carbon And Fertilizer Nitrogen On Nitric Oxide And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Two Contrasting Agricultural Soils", "description": "Contradictory effects of simultaneous available organic C and N sources on nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes are reported in the literature. In order to clarify this controversy, laboratory experiments were conduced on two different soils, a semiarid arable soil from Spain (soil I, pH=7.5, 0.8%C) and a grassland soil from Scotland (soil II, pH=5.5, 4.1%C). Soils were incubated at two different moisture contents, at a water filled pore space (WFPS) of 90% and 40%. Ammonium sulphate, added at rates equivalent to 200 and 50 kg N ha\u22121, stimulated N2O and NO emissions in both soils. Under wet conditions (90% WFPS), at high and low rates of N additions, cumulative N2O emissions increased by 250.7 and 8.1 ng N2O\u2013N g\u22121 in comparison to the control, respectively, in soil I and by 472.2 and 2.1 ng N2O\u2013N g\u22121, respectively, in soil II. NO emissions only significantly increased in soil I at the high N application rate with and without glucose addition and at both 40% and 90% WFPS. In both soils additions of glucose together with the high N application rate (200 kg N ha\u22121) reduced cumulative N2O and NO emissions by 94% and 55% in soil I, and by 46% and 66% in soil II, respectively. These differences can be explained by differences in soil properties, including pH, soil mineral N and total and dissolved organic carbon content. It is speculated that nitrifier denitrification was the main source of NO and N2O in the C-poor Spanish soil, and coupled nitrification\u2013denitrification in the C-rich Scottish soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "mitigation", "mineral N", "nitrous oxide", "nitric oxide", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "glucose", "soil moisture", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-28", "title": "Effect Of The Conversion Of Grassland To Spring Wheat Field On The Co2 Emission Characteristics In Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Chinese grasslands have undergone great changes in land use in recent decades. Approximately 18.2% of the present arable land in China originated from the cultivation of grassland, but its impact on the carbon cycle has not been fully understood. This study wasconducted insitu for3yearstoassessthecomprehensive effects ofcultivationof temperatesteppe onsoilorganiccarbon(SOC) and soil respiration rates as well as ecosystem respiration. As compared with those in the Stipa baicalensis steppe, the SOC concentrations at depths of 0\u201010 and 10\u201020 cm in the spring wheat field were found to have decreased by 38.3 and 17.4% respectively from 29.5 and 21.9 g kg \ufffd 1 to 18.2 and 18.1 g kg \ufffd 1 after a cultivation period of 30 years. Accordingly, the total amounts of soil respiration through the growing season (from April to September) in 2002, 2003 and 2004 were 265.2, 282.2 and 237.4 g C m \ufffd 2 respectivelyinthespringwheatfield,whichwereslightly lowerthanthevaluesof342.2,412.0and312.1 g C m \ufffd 2 in the S. baicalensis steppe, while ecosystem respiration of 690.9, 991.2 and 569.6 g C m \ufffd 2 respectively in the spring wheat field were markedly higher than those of 447.0, 470.9 and 429.7 g C m \ufffd 2 in the steppe plot. Similar seasonal variations of ecosystem respiration and soil respiration existed in both sample sites. Respiration rates were higher and greater differences existed in both ecosystem respiration and soil respiration during the exuberant growth stage of plants (from mid-June to mid-August). However, in the slower-growth period of the growing season (before late May and after late August), the CO2 effluxes of the two sample sites were similar and remained at a relatively low level. The results also showed that ecosystem respiration and soil respiration were under similar environmental controls in both sample sites. Soil water content at a depth of 0\u201010 cm and soil temperatures at 5 and 10 cmwere themain factors affectingthevariations in ecosystemrespiration and soil respirationrates indroughty yearsof 2002and 2004 and in the rainy 2003, respectively. This study suggests that the conversion of the grassland to the spring wheat field has increased the carbon loss of the whole ecosystem due to the change of vegetation cover type and significantly reduced the carbon storage of surface soil. In addition, the tillage of grassland had different effects on ecosystem respiration and soil respiration. The effects were also dissimilar in different growthstages, which should be fully considered when assessing and predicting the effects of cultivation on the net CO2 balance of grassland ecosystems. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Manfred Domroes, Jiyuan Liu, Yunshe Dong, Yunshe Dong, Xing-Ren Liu, Yuanbo Geng, Yuchun Qi, Li-xin Liu, Xiao-hong Yang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-20", "title": "Mineralization And Carbon Turnover In Subarctic Heath Soil As Affected By Warming And Additional Litter", "description": "Arctic soil carbon (C) stocks are threatened by the rapidly advancing global warming. In addition to temperature, increasing amounts of leaf litter fall following from the expansion of deciduous shrubs and trees in northern ecosystems may alter biogeochemical cycling of C and nutrients. Our aim was to assess how factorial warming and litter addition in a long-term field experiment on a subarctic heath affect resource limitation of soil microbial communities (measured by thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques), net growing-season mineralization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and carbon turnover (measured as changes in the pools during a growing-season-long field incubation of soil cores in situ). The mainly N limited bacterial communities had shifted slightly towards limitation by C and P in response to seven growing seasons of warming. This and the significantly increased bacterial growth rate under warming may partly explain the observed higher C loss from the warmed soil. This is furthermore consistent with the less dramatic increase in the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic N (DON) in the warmed soil than in the soil from ambient temperature during the field incubation. The added litter did not affect the carbon content, but it was a source of nutrients to the soil, and it also tended to increase bacterial growth rate and net mineralization of P. The inorganic N pool decreased during the field incubation of soil cores, especially in the separate warming and litter addition treatments, while gross mineralized N was immobilized in the biomass of microbes and plants transplanted into the incubates soil cores, but without any significant effect of the treatments. The effects of warming plus litter addition on bacterial growth rates and of warming on C and N transformations during field incubation suggest that microbial activity is an important control on the carbon balance of arctic soils under climate change.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-25", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Limitation Of Soil Microbial Respiration In Two Tropical Agroforestry Parklands In The South-Sudanese Zone Of Burkina Faso: The Effects Of Tree Canopy And Fertilization", "description": "We studied nutrient limitation and availability for soil microbial respiration after additions of glucose (C), in combination with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soil samples taken from parklands of Vitellaria paradoxa and Faidherbia albida. We hypothesized that in these P-fixing soils: (i) after C addition, respiration will be limited by P, but P-limitation will be lower under tree canopies; and (ii) the maximum respiration rates after adding C will be higher with than without applications of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) in the field. The study site was located in the south-Sudanese zone of Burkina Faso. Microbial respiration was measured as CO2 evolution from soil samples incubated under laboratory conditions. Two microbial growth peaks were observed after addition of C plus P to the soil samples. When P was added together with C, the initial increase in the microbial respiration rate was higher than when N and C were added, and the maximum respiration rate was also reached earlier. We conclude that P limited the initial rate of respiration. Under the tree canopy the P and N availability, was higher under both F. albida and V. paradoxa trees, than in areas beyond their canopies. NPK fertilization in the field resulted in higher soil reserves of N and P, but these nutrients had low availability in the short term. Results indicated that more P is available in forms that are immediately accessible to microorganisms under tree canopies, than outside the cover of their canopies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-09", "title": "Observed And Modelled Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Changes After Planting A Pinus Radiata Stand Onto Former Pasture", "description": "Abstract   After reforesting pasture land, it is often observed that soil carbon stocks decrease. The present work reports findings from a site near Canberra, Australia, where a pine forest (Pinus radiata) was planted onto a former unimproved pasture site. We report a number of detailed observations seeking to understand the basis of the decline in soil C stocks. This is supported by simulations using the whole-ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling model CenW 3.1. The model indicated that over the first 18 years after forest establishment, the site lost about 5.5\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and 588\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121 from the soil. The C:N ratio of soil organic matter did not change in a systematic manner over the observational period. Carbon and nitrogen stocks contained in the biomass of the 18-year old pine stand exceeded that of the pasture by 88\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and 393\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121. An additional 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and 110\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121 accumulated in above-ground litter. These changes, together with the vertical distribution of carbon and nitrogen in the soil, agreed well with the observation at the site. It was assumed that over 18 years, there was also a loss of 86\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121 from the ecosystem because of normal gaseous losses during nitrogen turn-over and a small amount of nitrogen leaching. Those losses could not be replenished in the pine system without symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation, and there were no fertiliser additions. A simple mass balance approach indicated that the amount of nitrogen accumulating in plant biomass and the litter layer plus the assumed nitrogen loss from the site matched the amount of nitrogen lost from the soil organic nitrogen pool. This reduction in soil nitrogen, together with an unchanged C:N ratio, provided a simple and internally consistent explanation for the observed reduction of soil carbon after reforestation. It supports the general notion that trends in soil carbon upon land-use change can often be controlled by the possible fates of available soil nitrogen.", "keywords": ["550", "Nitrogen", "CenW", "Reforesting pasture lands", "910", "Carbon inorganic compounds", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystems", "Nitrogen compounds", "C:N ratio", "Nitrogen fixation", "Pasture", "Biomass", "Reforestation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Keywords: Biological materials", "Pinus radiata", "Nitrogen cycling models", "modeling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "Soil carbon", "Pine", "coniferous tree", "Pine forest", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Model"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roger M. Gifford, LanBin Guo, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61078/5/Kirschbaum_Observed_and_modelled_soil_carbon.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61078/7/01_Kirschbaum_Observed_and_modelled_soil_2008.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.09.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-09", "title": "Changes In Chemical And Biochemical Soil Properties Induced By 11-Yr Repeated Additions Of Different Organic Materials In Maize-Based Forage Systems", "description": "Abstract   The repeated addition of organic materials to the soil greatly affects the physical, chemical and biological characteristics. In the present work, we analyzed changes in soil quality properties of the tilled layer caused by different agronomic managements of maize which supply different amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) through the addition of slurry, farmyard manure or plant residues. The agronomic history of the analyzed soils, which derived from a medium-term (11\u00a0yr) field experiment located in NW Italy, represents typical managements of maize for this region. The area is characterized by highly intensive agriculture, with consequent risks to soil degradation that could be limited by the efficient utilization of organic inputs and by recycling within cropping systems, the large amounts of manure that are produced from the many animal breeding farms in this region. We used a combination of both different chemical (soil organic C and total N) and biochemical indicators (potential soil respiration, potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and potential soil microbial biomass (SMB)). We considered the suitability of the selected biochemical indicators to describe the changes in soil characteristics resulting from the past management.  The results showed that the application of the different organic materials, in addition to urea-N fertilizer, increased SOM contents and altered the selected soil biochemical properties compared with the unfertilized treatment, especially in the upper 15\u00a0cm of the 0\u221230\u00a0cm tilled soil layer. Farmyard manure applications caused the greatest increase in SOM content, PMN and potential SMB, whilst return of maize straw produced the largest increase in potential soil respiration, but had less effect on total soil organic C and SMB. The use of slurry only caused a moderate increase in SOM and showed intermediate changes in biochemical properties. Also, the rate of C accumulation in the soil per unit of C applied was higher for farmyard manure application than for slurry and straw incorporation in the soil. Fertilization with only mineral N did not induce an increase in Corg and Ntot and even reduces soil N mineralization potential.  Because of the high variability in the data, potential SMB carbon could be considered as a less successful indicator for differentiating between past agronomic histories and effects on soil quality, whilst microbial activity (measured by potential soil respiration) and PMN, gave a more reliable and useful indication of the amount of easily decomposable organic carbon.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.09.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.09.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.09.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.09.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.11.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-19", "title": "Earthworms, Soil Mineral Nitrogen And Forage Production In Grass-Based Hayfields", "description": "Abstract   This study was designed to address how earthworm activity influences soil mineral nitrogen (N), plant N uptake and forage yield in grass-based hayfields. Earthworm populations were reduced by applying carbaryl pesticide to the experimental field plots every 2-weeks, effectively eliminating the earthworms for up to 12-weeks from May to August. Grass yields and tissue N concentrations were measured every 2 weeks, and the soil mineral N concentration determined at the final harvest. Reducing earthworm populations for up to 12-weeks did not affect grass yield or N uptake. However, regression analysis showed that plots with undisturbed earthworm populations had higher soil N by 0.8\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  per week, representing mineralization of about 10\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  during the 12-week study. This was a fraction of the fertilizer N recommendation (75\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) for grass-based hayfields in this region. Therefore, the increase in soil mineral N from earthworm activity was small, relative to the N requirements of the hayfield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.11.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.11.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.11.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.11.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-23", "title": "Soil Biochemical Response To Long-Term Conservation Tillage Under Semi-Arid Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open AccessCICYT Projects (AGL2004-03684/AGR and AGL2005-02423), and Andalusian Autonomous Government (Junta de Andalucia, AGR 151 Group) supported these works.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Enzymatic activities", "Microbial biomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Madej\u00f3n, Engracia, Moreno Lucas, F\u00e9lix, Murillo Carpio, Jos\u00e9 Manuel, Pelegr\u00edn, Francisco,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-27", "title": "Water- And Plant-Mediated Responses Of Soil Respiration To Topography, Fire, And Nitrogen Fertilization In A Semiarid Grassland In Northern China", "description": "Soil respiration is one of the major carbon (C) fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and plays an important role in regulating the responses of ecosystem and global C cycling to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. A field experiment was conducted between April 2005 and October 2006 in a semiarid grassland in northern China to examine effects of topography, fire, nitrogen (N) fertilization, and their potential interactions on soil respiration. Mean soil respiration was 6.0% higher in the lower than upper slope over the 2 growing seasons. Annual burning in early spring caused constant increases in soil respiration (23.8%) over the two growing seasons. In addition, fire effects on soil respiration varied with both season and topographic position. Soil respiration in the fertilized plots was 11.4% greater than that in the unfertilized plots. Water- and plant-mediation could be primarily responsible for the changes in soil respiration with topography and after fire whereas the positive responses of soil respiration to N fertilization were attributable to stimulated plant growth, root activity and respiration. The different mechanisms by which topography, fire, and N fertilization influence soil respiration identified in this study will facilitate the simulation and projection of ecosystem C cycling in the semiarid grassland in northern China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-23", "title": "Soil Microbial Biomass Response To Woody Plant Invasion Of Grassland", "description": "Abstract   Woody plant proliferation in grasslands and savannas has been documented worldwide in recent history. To better understand the consequences of this vegetation change for the C-cycle, we measured soil microbial biomass carbon (C mic ) in remnant grasslands (time 0) and woody plant stands ranging in age from 10 to 130 years in a subtropical ecosystem undergoing succession from grassland to woodlands dominated by N-fixing trees. We also determined the ratio of SMB-C to soil organic carbon (C mic /C org ) as an indicator of soil organic matter quality or availability, and the metabolic quotient ( q CO  2  ) as a measure of microbial efficiency. Soil organic carbon (C org ) and soil total nitrogen (STN) increased up to 200% in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm depth increment following woody plant invasion of grassland, but changed little at 15\u201330\u00a0cm. C mic  at 0\u201315\u00a0cm increased linearly with time following woody plant encroachment and ranged from 400\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  soil in remnant grasslands up to 600\u20131000\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  soil in older (>60 years) woody plant stands. C mic  at 15\u201330\u00a0cm also increased linearly with time, ranging from 100\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  soil in remnant grasslands to 400\u2013700\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  soil in older wooded areas. These changes in C mic  in wooded areas were correlated with concurrent changes in stores of C and N in soils, roots, and litter. The C mic /C org  ratio at 0\u201315\u00a0cm decreased with increasing woody plant stand age from 6% in grasslands to  q CO 2  values in woodlands (\u2a7e0.8\u00a0mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0g \u22121 \u00a0C mic \u00a0h \u22121 ) relative to remnant grasslands (0.4\u00a0mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0g \u22121 \u00a0C mic \u00a0h \u22121 ) indicated that more respiration was required per unit of C mic  in wooded areas than in grasslands. Observed increases in C org  and STN following woody plant encroachment in this ecosystem may be a function of both greater inputs of poor quality C that is relatively resistant to decay, and the decreased ability of soil microbes to decompose this organic matter. We suggest that increases in the size and activity of C mic  following woody plant encroachment may result in: (a) alterations in competitive interactions and successional processes due to changes in nutrient dynamics, (b) enhanced formation and maintenance of soil physical structures that promote C org  sequestration, and/or (c) increased trace gas fluxes that have the potential to influence atmospheric chemistry and the climate system at regional to global scales.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-08", "title": "Ectomycorrhizal Community And Extracellular Enzyme Activity Following Simulated Atmospheric N Deposition", "description": "Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are abundant in temperate and boreal ecosystems and are understood to be an important means whereby plants can fulfill their nutrition requirements. The extent of the EM fungal involvement in accessing organic sources of N, however, remains unknown. Some EM fungi have been found to produce lignolytic and proteolytic enzymes which are necessary to depolymerize organic substrates, but this ability varies by species. Both EM fungal communities and the activities of lignolytic and proteolytic enzymes may be sensitive to changes in inorganic N availability such as through increased atmospheric deposition. Our objectives were to simulate an ecologically relevant increase in atmospheric N deposition in areas currently receiving very little exogenous N and examine changes in EM community composition, lignin degrading enzyme activity, and soil protein depolymerization. We found a distinct shift in the EM community composition following simulated atmospheric N deposition. Likewise, we found a significant decrease in the activity of lignin degrading enzymes, which could have important implications on ecosystem N and C cycling. Contrary to our hypotheses, proteolysis increased following N addition. The fact that lignolytic and proteolytic enzymes exhibit opposite responses is counterintuitive and suggests much is yet to be learned about how N addition affects global C storage by affecting the decomposition of organic matter. Our data suggest small increases in atmospheric N deposition could produce significant changes in communities of EM fungi and N and C cycles.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Brenda B. Casper, Richard W. Lucas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-13", "title": "Timber Harvesting Alters Soil Carbon Mineralization And Microbial Community Structure In Coniferous Forests", "description": "Timber harvesting influences both above and belowground ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Impact of timber harvesting on soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization and microbial community structure was evaluated in two coniferous forest species, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Management of ponderosa pine forests, particularly even-aged stand practices, increased the loss of CO2-C and hence reduced SOM storage potential. Changes in soil microbial community structure were more pronounced in ponderosa pine uneven-aged and heavy harvest stands and in lodgepole pine even-aged stand as compared to their respective unmanaged stands. Harvesting of trees had a negative impact on SOM mineralization and soil microbial community structure in both coniferous forests, potentially reducing coniferous forest C storage potential.", "keywords": ["XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-14", "title": "Initial Effects Of Fire And Mechanical Thinning On Soil Enzyme Activity And Nitrogen Transformations In Eight North American Forest Ecosystems", "description": "This study assessed the first-year effect of three ecosystem restoration treatments (prescribed fire, mechanical thinning, and their combination) on soil enzyme activity, soil N transformations, and C:N ratios of soil organic matter and mineral soil in eight North American forested ecosystems. The ecosystems we studied were part of the larger Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) network, and all had a history of frequent fire that has been altered by almost a century of organized fire suppression. Across all eight sites there were no statistically significant effects of the three manipulative treatments on phosphatase activity or chitinase activity; in contrast, at the network-scale phenol oxidase activity was reduced by fire alone, relative to the control. There was no significant network-scale effect of the three treatments on net N mineralization or net nitrification. Soil C:N ratio increased modestly after mechanical thinning, but not after prescribed fire or the combination of fire and thinning. There was a statistically significant reduction in forest floor C:N ratio as a result of all three treatments. Ordination of the differences between the treated and control areas indicated that fire alone resulted in greater changes in phenol oxidase activity and net nitrification than did the other two treatments. Large-scale restoration treatments such as those utilized in this study produce modest proximate effects on soil microbial activity and N transformations.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-10", "title": "Changes In Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Elevated Tropospheric O-3 And Co2", "description": "Abstract   We studied the effects of O 3  and CO 2  alone and in combination on soil microbial communities by assessing the changes in total PLFA biomass, profiles and specific subgroups. Meadow mesocosms were exposed to slightly elevated O 3  (40\u201350\u00a0ppb) and CO 2  (+100\u00a0ppm) in open-top chambers for three subsequent growing seasons (2002\u20132004). Decreased total, bacterial, actinobacterial, fungal PLFA biomass values as well as fungal:bacterial PLFA biomass ratio were measured after three growing seasons of fumigations with elevated O 3 . There were significant differences in the relative proportions of individual PLFAs between the control and elevated O 3  treatments. Moreover, enhanced O 3  alone and in combination with CO 2  modified the structure of the microbial community. The effects of elevated CO 2  given alone on PLFA profiles were negligible. Our results show that elevated O 3  alone and in combination with CO 2  even at moderate levels may cause changes in the biomass and composition of the microbial community in meadow soils, which may lead to functional changes in soil ecosystem processes.", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "biomassa", "niityt", "soil", "open-top chambers", "ekosysteemit", "kohotettu O3", "otsoni", "microorganisms", "2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "elevated CO2", "biomass", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ozone", "kohotettu CO2", "elevated O3", "mikro-organismit", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "microbial community", "ecosystems", "meadows"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-27", "title": "Changes In Microbial Communities In An Apple Orchard And Its Adjacent Bush Soil In Response To Season, Land-Use, And Violet Root Rot Infestation", "description": "Abstract   Soil microbial communities in an apple orchard and its adjacent boundary bush with or without infestation by violet root rot were investigated for 2 years. Effects of season (spring, summer, and fall), land-use (apple orchard and boundary bush), and violet root rot (infested and healthy) on soil microbial populations, microbial activity, and microbial community structures were determined using physiological, cytochemical, and molecular (PCR-DGGE) approaches. Seasonal fluctuations were significant ( P  H \u2032) and evenness ( J \u2032) of community-level physiological profile (CLPP) in both years. However, seasonal differences of soil microbial guilds that utilize carbon substrate groups observed in the first year were not reproduced in the second year. The land-use factor differentiated the apple orchard from the boundary bush where viable bacterial population, bacterial FAME and FDA hydrolysis were significantly greater in both years. Infestation status of violet root rot, on the other hand, significantly increased bacterial FAME and FDA hydrolysis in both years. In addition, neither the land-use nor the disease infestation factor significantly influenced the utilization patterns of individual substrate guilds for the 2 years. In both years, saturated fatty acids were significantly more abundant in the orchard than in the bush soil, and monosaturated fatty acids vice versa. Principal component analyses for CLPP, FAME, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) consistently exhibited that, although the violet root rot influenced the soil microbial community structures both in the apple orchard and the boundary bush, overall magnitude of the difference in communities between the violet root rot infested and non-infested sites in the bush were greater than in the orchard, irrespective of the season. These results suggested that the seasonal and the land-use factors affected soil microbial community both quantitatively and qualitatively, whereas the impact of the violet root rot on the soil microbial community was mainly qualitative and more pronounced in the adjacent bush than in the orchard.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Noriaki Momma, Masahiro Shishido, Hidemi Yokoyama, Kazunori Sakamoto, Shun-Iichiro Miyashita,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-08", "title": "Recovery Of Biochemical Functionality In Polluted Flood-Plain Soils: The Role Of Microhabitat Differentiation Through Revegetation And Rehabilitation Of The River Dynamics", "description": "Abstract   Soil biogeochemical functions in flood-plains are controlled mainly by interactions between river flooding dynamics and vegetation change. This generates a pattern of landscape cross-sectional and longitudinal heterogeneity in texture, microtopography and plant cover. Agricultural uses restrain such mechanisms, eliminating the mosaic of soil environments and vegetation patches in natural flood-plains. The ecological restoration performed in ca. 5000\u00a0ha of agricultural lands in the Guadiamar river basin (SW Spain), affected by the Aznalcollar mine spill in 1998 (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn-rich pyritic sludge), has focused on the re-creation of those controlling mechanisms (enhancement of the natural river flooding dynamics and patchy afforestation). We have studied temporal trends, and the role of specific habitats differentiation in the river terraces, on the recovery of the soil biochemical status in the emerging ecosystems. During 2000\u20132004, the geometric mean of enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, \u03b2-glucosidase, urease, arylsulfatase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) increased three-fold in the most-impacted, coarser textured, upper-watershed soils; and by six-fold in less polluted, loamy soils at the mid-watershed. In 2005, sampling was stratified by microhabitats at two representative watershed sections. Vegetation cover-type and transport/sedimentation processes are the main driving forces increasing both the mean value and intra-site spatial heterogeneity of soil properties (especially enzyme activities) in reclaimed areas. In the wet season, soil enzyme activity under adult trees (holm-oaks and Eucaliptus), and in spots where silt and plant residues had accumulated during previous floodings, was more than 50% higher than in bare areas. However, activities were strongly inhibited in eroded areas where pollutant residues appeared in the surface. Woody patches and the grassy matrix of revegetated areas showed distinctive soil N features. Specific plant species effects were observed, such as a generally high enzymatic activity in soils under Tamarix gallica.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.02.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-07", "title": "Land Use Influences Soil Fungal Community Composition Across Central Victoria, South-Eastern Australia", "description": "Current theory expects that fungi, on the one hand, are spatially ubiquitous but, on the other, are more susceptible than bacteria to disturbance such as land use change due to dispersal limitations. This study examined the relative importance of location and land use effects in determining soil fungal community composition in south-eastern Australia. We use terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP; primer pair ITS1-F-ITS4) and multivariate statistical methods (NMDS ordinations, ANOSIM tests) to compare relative similarities of soil fungal communities from nine sites encompassing three locations (ca 50-200 km apart) and four land uses (native eucalypt forest, Pinus radiata plantation, Eucalyptus globulus plantation, and unimproved pasture). Location effects were generally weak (e.g. ANOSIM test statistic R <= 0.49) and were, in part, attributed to minor differences in soil texture. By contrast, we found clear and consistent evidence of land use effects on soil fungal community composition (R <= 0.95). That is, soils from sites of the same land use grouped together in NMDS ordinations of fungal composition despite geographic separations of up to ca 175 km (native eucalypt forests) and 215 km (P. radiata plantations). In addition, different land uses from the same location were clearly separate in NMDS ordinations, despite, in one case, being just 180 m apart and having similar land use histories (i.e. P. radiata versus E. globulus plantation both established on pasture in the previous decade). Given negligible management of all sites beyond the early establishment phase, we attribute much of the land use effects to changes in dominant plant species based on consistent evidence elsewhere of strong specificity in pine and eucalypt mycorrhizal associations. In addition, weak to moderate correlations between soil fungal community composition and soil chemical variables (e.g. Spearman rank correlation coefficients for individual variables of 0.08-0.32), indicated a minor contributing role of vegetation-mediated changes in litter and soil chemistry. Our data provide evidence of considerable plasticity in soil fungal community composition over time spans as short as 6-11 years. This suggests that - at least within geographic zones characterised by more-or-less contiguous forest cover - soil fungal community composition depends most on availability of suitable habitat because dispersal propagules are readily available for colonisation after land use change.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.02.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.02.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.02.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.02.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-16", "title": "Experimental Drought Alters Rates Of Soil Respiration And Methanogenesis But Not Carbon Exchange In Soil Of A Temperate Fen", "description": "Abstract   The impact of intensified drought and rewetting on C cycling in peatlands is debated. We conducted drying/rewetting (DW) experiments with intact monoliths of a temperate fen over a period of 10 months. One treatment with original vegetation (DW-V) and one defoliated treatment (DW-D) were rewetted after an experimental drought of 50 days; another treatment was kept permanently wet (W-V). Soil water content was determined by the TDR technique, C fluxes from chamber measurements and gas profiles in the soils, and respiration from mass balancing CO2 and CH4 fluxes in the peat using hourly to weekly data. Zones of high root associated respiration were determined from a 13C labeling experiment. Autotrophic respiration contributed from 55 to 65% to an average ecosystem respiration (ER) of 92 (DW-D), 211 (DW-V), and 267\u00a0mmol\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0d\u22121 (W-V). Photosynthesis ranged from 0 (DW-D) to 450\u00a0mmol\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0d\u22121 (W-V), and strongly declined for about 30 days after rewetting (DW-V), while ER remained constant during the drying and rewetting event. Drying raised air-filled porosity in the soil to 2\u201313%, temporarily increased respiration to estimated anaerobic and aerobic rates of up to 550 and 1000\u00a0nmol\u00a0cm\u22123\u00a0d\u22121, and delayed methane production and emission by weeks to months. Root associated respiration was concentrated in the uppermost peat layer. In spite of clear relative changes in respiration during and after drought, the impact on carbon exchange with the atmosphere was small. We attribute this finding to the importance of respiration in the uppermost and soil layer, which remained moist and aerated, and the insensitivity of autotrophic respiration to drought. We expect a similar dynamics to occur in other temperate wetland soils in which soil respiration is concentrated near the peatland surface, such as rich minerotrophic fens.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-29", "title": "Elevated Co2 Stimulates N2o Emissions In Permanent Grassland", "description": "Abstract   To evaluate climate forcing under increasing atmospheric CO 2  concentrations, feedback effects on greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O) with a high global warming potential should be taken into account. This requires long-term N 2 O flux measurements because responses to elevated CO 2  may vary throughout annual courses. Here, we present an almost 9 year long continuous N 2 O flux data set from a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) study on an old, N-limited temperate grassland. Prior to the FACE start, N 2 O emissions were not different between plots that were later under ambient (A) and elevated (E) CO 2  treatments, respectively. However, over the entire experimental period (May 1998\u2013December 2006), N 2 O emissions more than doubled under elevated CO 2  (0.90 vs. 2.07\u00a0kg\u00a0N 2 O-N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121  under A and E, respectively). The strongest stimulation occurred during vegetative growth periods in the summer when soil mineral N concentrations were low. This was surprising because based on literature we had expected the highest stimulation of N 2 O emissions due to elevated CO 2  when mineral N concentrations were above background values (e.g. shortly after N application in spring). N 2 O emissions under elevated CO 2  were moderately stimulated during late autumn\u2013winter, including freeze\u2013thaw cycles which occurred in the 8th winter of the experiment. Averaged over the entire experiment, the additional N 2 O emissions caused by elevated CO 2  equaled 4738\u00a0kg CO 2 -equivalents\u00a0ha \u22121 , corresponding to more than half a ton (546\u00a0kg) of CO 2 \u00a0ha \u22121  which has to be sequestered annually to balance the CO 2 -induced N 2 O emissions. Without a concomitant increase in C sequestration under rising atmospheric CO 2  concentrations, temperate grasslands may be converted into greenhouse gas sources by a positive feedback on N 2 O emissions. Our results underline the need to include continuous N 2 O flux measurements in ecosystem-scale CO 2  enrichment experiments.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen J\u00e4ger, Claudia Kammann, Ludger Gr\u00fcnhage, Christoph M\u00fcller,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-26", "title": "The Influence Of Soil Properties On The Structure Of Bacterial And Fungal Communities Across Land-Use Types", "description": "Abstract   Land-use change can have significant impacts on soil conditions and microbial communities are likely to respond to these changes. However, such responses are poorly characterized as few studies have examined how specific changes in edaphic characteristics do, or do not, influence the composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities across land-use types. Soil samples were collected from four replicated ( n \u00a0=\u00a03) land-use types (hardwood and pine forests, cultivated and livestock pasture lands) in the southeastern US to assess the effects of land-use change on microbial community structure and distribution. We used quantitative PCR to estimate bacterial\u2013fungal ratios and clone libraries targeting small-subunit rRNA genes to independently characterize the bacterial and fungal communities. Although some soil properties (soil texture and nutrient status) did significantly differ across land-use types, other edaphic factors (e.g., pH) did not vary consistently with land-use. Bacterial\u2013fungal ratios were not significantly different across the land-uses and distinct land-use types did not necessarily harbor distinct soil fungal or bacterial communities. Rather, the composition of bacterial and fungal communities was most strongly correlated with specific soil properties. Soil pH was the best predictor of bacterial community composition across this landscape while fungal community composition was most closely associated with changes in soil nutrient status. Together these results suggest that specific changes in edaphic properties, not necessarily land-use type itself, may best predict shifts in microbial community composition across a given landscape. In addition, our results demonstrate the utility of using sequence-based approaches to concurrently analyze bacterial and fungal communities as such analyses provide detailed phylogenetic information on individual communities and permit the robust assessment of the biogeographical patterns exhibited by soil microbial communities.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-16", "title": "Soil Nitrogen Leaching Losses In Response To Freeze-Thaw Cycles And Pulsed Warming In A Temperate Old Field", "description": "Abstract   Climate warming and increased climate variability are both predicted to increase the frequency of soil freeze\u2013thaw cycles in temperate regions. We exposed intact soil-plant mesocosms to freeze\u2013thaw cycles and examined the effects on nitrogen leaching losses. Freezing treatments were performed by incubating the mesocosms in the soil with their tops exposed to air to impose freezing from the top down, such that realistic freezing rates and cycle amplitudes were experienced across the soil profile. Leaching events were then initiated by water addition the following day for both the freezing treatment and control mesocosms. While water addition alone explained the major part of soluble organic nitrogen leaching, nitrate leaching approximately doubled in response to freeze\u2013thaw cycles, and nitrogen leaching remained high after 11 freeze\u2013thaw cycles. In a second experiment, pulses of warming were applied in situ to mesocosms over fall, winter or spring, in order to melt snow, and thereby increase freeze\u2013thaw cycling by exposing soils to diurnal fluctuations in air temperature. Warming pulses had little effect on sub-surface soil temperatures and no effect on soil nitrogen leaching. However, warming pulses over spring severely reduced the abundance of the legume Coronilla varia in the following growing season. Overall, the results of these experiments indicate that while increased soil freeze\u2013thaw cycles combined with leaching events are capable of increasing soil nitrogen losses, warming pulses will only promote increased freeze\u2013thaw cycles if they are followed by cold, snow-free weather. The strong effect of warming on the N-fixer C. varia highlights that changes in plant species composition in response to warming may have stronger implications for soil nitrogen dynamics than the direct effects of freeze\u2013thaw cycles on soil nitrogen leaching losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-12", "title": "Long-Term Organic Farming Fosters Below And Aboveground Biota: Implications For Soil Quality, Biological Control And Productivity", "description": "Organic farming may contribute substantially to future agricultural production worldwide by improving soil quality and pest control, thereby reducing environmental impacts of conventional farming. We investigated in a comprehensive way soil chemical, as well as below and aboveground biological parameters of two organic and two conventional wheat farming systems that primarily differed in fertilization and weed management strategies. Contrast analyses identified management related differences between \u201cherbicide-free\u201d bioorganic (BIOORG) and biodynamic (BIODYN) systems and conventional systems with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN) and herbicide application within a long-term agricultural experiment (DOK trial, Switzerland). Soil carbon content was significantly higher in systems receiving farmyard manure and concomitantly microbial biomass (fungi and bacteria) was increased. Microbial activity parameters, such as microbial basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization, showed an opposite pattern, suggesting that soil carbon in the conventional system (CONFYM) was more easily accessible to microorganisms than in organic systems. Bacterivorous nematodes and earthworms were most abundant in systems that received farmyard manure, which is in line with the responses of their potential food sources (microbes and organic matter). Mineral fertilizer application detrimentally affected enchytraeids and Diptera larvae, whereas aphids benefited. Spider abundance was favoured by organic management, most likely a response to increased prey availability from the belowground subsystem or increased weed coverage. In contrast to most soil-based, bottom-up controlled interactions, the twofold higher abundance of this generalist predator group in organic systems likely contributed to the significantly lower abundance of aboveground herbivore pests (aphids) in these systems. Long-term organic farming and the application of farmyard manure promoted soil quality, microbial biomass and fostered natural enemies and ecosystem engineers, suggesting enhanced nutrient cycling and pest control. Mineral fertilizers and herbicide application, in contrast, affected the potential for top-down control of aboveground pests negatively and reduced the organic carbon levels. Our study indicates that the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicide application changes interactions within and between below and aboveground components, ultimately promoting negative environmental impacts of agriculture by reducing internal biological cycles and pest control. On the contrary, organic farming fosters microbial and faunal decomposers and this propagates into the aboveground system via generalist predators thereby increasing conservation biological control. However, grain and straw yields were 23% higher in systems receiving mineral fertilizers and herbicides reflecting the trade-off between productivity and environmental responsibility.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "generalist predators", "respiration microbienne", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "faune du sol", "natural enemies", "alternative prey", "630", "nitrogen", "food-web", "Soil", "agriculture biologique", "cycle biologique", "herbicide", "min\u00e9ralisation de l'azote", "fertilisation organique", "fertilisation min\u00e9rale", "soil quality", "2. Zero hunger", "agriculture biodynamique", "agriculture conventionnelle", "nutrient cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "sustainability", "long terme", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "mycorrhizal fungi", "ennemi naturel", "microbial community structure", "ecosystem functioning", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "DOK trial;ecosystem functioning;farming system;fertilization;generalist predators;microbial community;nutrient cycling;natural enemies;soil fauna;soil quality;sustainability", "microbial community", "soil fauna", "agricultural systems", "management", "570", "agroecosystems", "Soil quality", "suisse", "productivit\u00e9", "Soil biology", "culture c\u00e9r\u00e9aliere", "triticum aestivum", "biomasse microbienne", "biomass", "DOK trial", "15. Life on land", "qualit\u00e9 biologique du sol", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "Biodiversity and ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming system", "Cereals", " pulses and oilseeds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-10", "title": "Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment And Nutrient Additions To Planted Soil Increase Mineralisation Of Soil Organic Matter, But Do Not Alter Microbial Utilisation Of Plant- And Soil C-Sources", "description": "Plants link atmospheric and soil carbon pools through CO2 fixation, carbon translocation, respiration and rhizodeposition. Within soil, microbial communities both mediate carbon-sequestration and return to the atmosphere through respiration. The balance of microbial use of plant-derived and soil organic matter (SOM) carbon sources and the influence of plant-derived inputs on microbial activity are key determinants of soil carbon-balance, but are difficult to quantify. In this study we applied continuous 13C-labelling to soil-grown Lolium perenne, imposing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and nutrient additions as experimental treatments. The relative use of plant- and SOM-carbon by microbial communities was quantified by compound-specific 13C-analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). An isotopic mass-balance approach was applied to partition the substrate sources to soil respiration (i.e. plant- and SOM-derived), allowing direct quantification of SOM-mineralisation. Increased CO2 concentration and nutrient amendment each increased plant growth and rhizodeposition, but did not greatly alter microbial substrate use in soil. However, the increased root growth and rhizosphere volume with elevated CO2 and nutrient amendment resulted in increased rates of SOM-mineralisation per experimental unit. As rhizosphere microbial communities utilise both plant- and SOM C-sources, the results demonstrate that plant-induced priming of SOM-mineralisation can be driven by factors increasing plant growth. That the balance of microbial C-use was not affected on a specific basis may suggest that the treatments did not affect soil C-balance in this study.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-13", "title": "Earthworms As Drivers Of The Competition Between Grasses And Legumes", "description": "Abstract   Grasses and legumes are grown together worldwide to improve total herbage yield and the quality of forage, however, the causes of population oscillations of grasses and legumes are poorly understood. Especially in grasslands, earthworms are among the most important detritivore animals functioning as ecosystem engineers, playing a key role in nutrient cycling and affecting plant nutrition and growth. The objectives of the present greenhouse experiment were to quantify the effects of earthworms on grass\u2013legume competition in model grassland systems at two harvesting dates \u2013 simulating the widespread biannual mowing regime in Central European grasslands.  The presence of earthworms increased the productivity of grasses and legumes after 6 weeks but only that of grasses after another 10 weeks. In mixed treatments, the presence of grasses and earthworms decreased legume shoot biomass, the amount of nitrogen (N) in shoot tissue and the number of legume flowerheads while the presence of legumes and earthworms increased the amount of N in grass shoots and the infestation of grasses with aphids. Analyses of  15 N/ 14 N ratios indicate that, compared to legumes, grasses more efficiently exploit soil mineral N and benefit from legume presence through reduced \u201cintra-functional group\u201d competition. In contrast to previous experiments, we found no evidence for N transfer from legumes to grasses. However, legume presence improved total herbage and N yield.  Earthworms likely modulate the competition between grasses and legumes by increasing soil N uptake by plants and thereby increasing the competitive strength of grasses. Earthworms function as essential driving agents of grass\u2013legume associations by (I) increasing grass yield, (II) increasing the amount of N in grass hay, (III) increasing the infestation rate of grasses with aphids, and (IV) potentially reducing the attractiveness of grass\u2013legume associations to pollinators.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.11.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-21", "title": "Impact Of Tillage, Stubble Management And Crop Rotation On Nematode Populations In A Long-Term Field Experiment", "description": "The population abundance of free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes was investigated in a long-term rotation/tillage/stubble management experiment at Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The treatments were a combination of two crop rotations: wheat (Triticum aestivum)\u2013wheat and wheat\u2013lupin (Lupinus angustifolius); two tillage systems: conventional cultivation (CC) and direct drill (DD); and two stubble management practices: stubble retention (SR) and stubble burnt (SB). Plots of one of the wheat\u2013wheat treatments received urea at 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 during the cropping season. Soil samples from 0\u20135 and 5\u201310\u00a0cm depths were collected in September (maximum tillering), October (flowering) and December (after harvest), 2001, to analyse nematode abundance. Soil collected in September was also analysed for concentrations of total and labile C, and pH levels.    Three nematode trophic groups, namely bacteria-feeders (primarily Rhabditidae), omnivores (primarily Dorylaimidae excluding plant-parasites and predators) and plant-parasites (Pratylenchus spp. and Paratylenchus spp.) were recorded in each soil sample. Of them, bacteria-feeders (53\u201399%, population range 933\u20132750\u00a0kg\u22121 soil) dominated in all soil samples. There was no difference in nematode abundance and community composition between the 0\u20135\u00a0cm and 5\u201310\u00a0cm layers of soil. The mean population of free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes varied significantly between the treatments in all sampling months. In most cases, total free-living nematode densities (Rhabditidae and Dorylaimidae) were significantly (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) greater in wheat\u2013lupin rotation than the wheat\u2013wheat rotation irrespective of tillage and stubble management practices. In contrast, a greater population of plant-parasitic nematodes was recorded from plots with wheat\u2013wheat than the wheat\u2013lupin rotation. For treatments with wheat\u2013wheat, total plant-parasitic nematode (Pratylenchus spp. and Paratylenchus spp.) densities were greater in plots without N-fertiliser (295\u2013741\u00a0kg\u22121 soil) than the plots with N-fertiliser (14\u2013158\u00a0kg\u22121 soil).    Tillage practices had significant (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) effects mostly on the population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes while stubble management had significant effects (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) on free-living nematodes. However, interaction effects of tillage and stubble were significant (P\u00a0<\u00a00.01) for the population densities of free-living nematodes only. Population of Rhabditidae was significantly higher in conventional cultivated plots (7244\u00a0kg\u22121 soil) than the direct drilled (3981\u00a0kg\u22121 soil) plots under stubble retention. In contrast, plots with direct drill and stubble burnt had significantly higher populations of Dorylaimidae than the conventional cultivation with similar stubble management practice. No correlations between abundance of free-living nematodes, and concentration of total C and labile C in soil were observed in this study. These results showed that stubble retention contributed for enormous population density of free-living (beneficial) nematodes while conventional cultivation, irrespective of stubble management, contributed for suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. Rahman, D.P. Heenan, Kwong Yin Chan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.11.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.11.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.11.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.11.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-03", "title": "Relative Impacts Of Land-Use, Management Intensity And Fertilization Upon Soil Microbial Community Structure In Agricultural Systems", "description": "Soil microbial communities under three agricultural management systems (conventionally tilled cropland, hayed pasture, and grazed pasture) and two fertilizer systems (inorganic fertilizer and poultry litter) were compared to that of a w150-y-old forest near Watkinsville, Georgia. Both 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses indicated that the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the forest soil were significantly different than in the agricultural soils. Within the agricultural soils, the effect of fertilizer amendment on bacterial communities was more dramatic than either land use or season. Fertilizer amendment altered the abundance of more bacterial groups throughout the agricultural soils. In addition, the changes in the composition of bacterial groups were more pronounced in cropland than in pastures. There was much less seasonal variation between the soil libraries. Community-level differences were associated with differences in soil pH, mineralizable carbon and nitrogen, and extractable nutrients. Bacterial community diversity exhibited a complex relationship with the land use intensity in these agro-ecosystems. The pastures had the highest bacterial diversity and could be characterized as having an intermediate degree of intervention compared to low intervention in forest and high intervention in cropland. Changes in bacterial diversity could be attributed to the abundance of a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The microdiversity of abundant OTUs in both forest and cropland was consistent with an increase in abundance of many phenotypically similar species rather than a single species for each OTU. Soil microbial communities were significantly altered by long-term agricultural management systems, especially fertilizer amendment, and these results provide a basis for promoting conservation agricultural systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-03", "title": "Defoliation Induces Root Exudation And Triggers Positive Rhizospheric Feedbacks In A Temperate Grassland", "description": "Abstract   The facilitating effect of the exudation of carbon (C) compounds from roots on rhizospheric processes has been shown in controlled experiments; however, it still remains unclear how important this pathway of C from plants to the soil may be in energy and nutrient processes in grazed grasslands under natural conditions. Root exudation may be a particularly important C pathway in grazed grasslands and help promote positive feedbacks between large herbivores and plants. In this study we performed a 13C pulse-chase experiment on plots that were clipped or left unclipped in a mesic grassland in Yellowstone National Park. The dominant grass species in the plots was Poa pratensis and it was used to measure the effect of defoliation on root C exudation, the rhizospheric microbial community, and feedbacks on plant nutrient uptake over a time period of 24\u201372\u00a0h. Defoliation stimulated C exudation from roots by 1.5-fold, which concomitantly increased rhizospheric microbial biomass by the same factor. The facilitating effects of defoliation on rhizospheric processes resulted in positive feedback on soil inorganic N pools and leaf N content, which increased by 1.2- and 1.5-fold respectively. Changes in soil inorganic N pools during the experiment indicated that the effect of the C flush on the rhizospheric decomposer community of defoliated plants resulted in a 5-fold increase in rhizospheric daily net N mineralization rate. These findings demonstrate that in a natural grassland community defoliation-induced stimulation of C exudation stimulates rhizospheric N-mineralization which ultimately benefits defoliated plants. The results also indicate the important role that short-term root\u2013rhizospheric microbe interactions play in the C and N processes in grazed grasslands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "E. William Hamilton, Paul M. Hinchey, Douglas A. Frank, Tanya R. Murray,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-01", "title": "Above- And Belowground Carbon Inputs Affect Seasonal Variations Of Soil Microbial Biomass In A Subtropical Monsoon Forest Of Southwest China", "description": "Soil microbial activity drives carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbial biomass is commonly limited by environmental factors and soil carbon availability. We employed plant litter removal, root trenching and stem-girdling treatments to examine the effects of environmental factors, above- and belowground carbon inputs on soil microbial C in a subtropical monsoon forest in southwest China. During the experimental period from July 2006 through April 2007, 2 years after initiation of the treatments, microbial biomass C in the humus layer did not vary with seasonal changes in soil temperature or water content. Mineral soil microbial C decreased throughout the experimental period and varied with soil temperature and water content. Litter removal reduced mineral soil microbial C by 19.0% in the ungirdled plots, but only 4.0% in girdled plots. Root trenching, stem girdling and their interactions influenced microbial C in humus layer. Neither root trenching nor girdling significantly influenced mineral soil microbial C. Mineral soil microbial C correlated with following-month plant litterfall in control plots, but these correlations were not observed in root-trenching plots or girdling plots. Our results suggest that belowground carbon retranslocated from shoots and present in soil organic matter, rather than aboveground fresh plant litter inputs, determines seasonal fluctuation of mineral soil microbial biomass.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-21", "title": "Carbon And Nitrogen Store And Storage Potential As Affected By Land-Use In A Leymus Chinensis Grassland Of Northern China", "description": "Understanding the store and storage potential of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) helps us understand how ecosystems would respond to natural and anthropogenic disturbances under different management strategies. We investigated organic C and N storage in aboveground biomass, litter, roots, and soil organic matter (SOM) in eight sites that were floristically and topographically similar, but which had been subjected to different intensities of disturbance by grazing animals. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of grazing exclusion (GE) on the store and storage potential of C and N in the Leymus chinensis Tzvel. grasslands of northern China. The results revealed that the total C storage (including that stored in aboveground biomass, litter, roots, and SOM, i.e. top 100-cm soil layer) was significantly different among the eight grasslands and varied from 7.0 kg C m \ufffd2 to 15.8 kg C m \ufffd2 , meanwhile, the total N storage varied from 0.6 kg N m \ufffd2 to 1.5 kg N m \ufffd2 . The soil C storage decreased substantially with grassland degradation due to long-term heavy grazing. 90% C and 95% N stored in grasslands were observed in the SOM, and they were minor in other pools. The limit range of C and N storage observed in these grassland soils suggests that GE may be a valuable mechanism of sequestering C in the top meter of the soil profile.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-22", "title": "Priming Depletes Soil Carbon And Releases Nitrogen In A Scrub-Oak Ecosystem Exposed To Elevated Co2", "description": "Abstract   Elevated atmospheric CO 2  tends to stimulate plant productivity, which could either stimulate or suppress the processing of soil carbon, thereby feeding back to atmospheric CO 2  concentrations. We employed an acid-hydrolysis-incubation method and a net nitrogen-mineralization assay to assess stability of soil carbon pools and short-term nitrogen dynamics in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem after six years of exposure to elevated CO 2 . We found that soil carbon concentration in the slow pool was 27% lower in elevated than ambient CO 2  plots at 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth. The difference in carbon mass was equivalent to roughly one-third of the increase in plant biomass that occurred in the same experiment. These results concur with previous reports from this ecosystem that elevated CO 2  stimulates microbial degradation of relatively stable soil organic carbon pools. Accordingly, elevated CO 2  increased net N mineralization in the 10\u201330\u00a0cm depth, which may increase N availability, thereby allowing for continued stimulation of plant productivity by elevated CO 2 . Our findings suggest that soil texture and climate may explain the differential response of soil carbon among various long-term, field-based CO 2  studies. Increased mineralization of stable soil organic carbon by a CO 2 -induced priming effect may diminish the terrestrial carbon sink globally.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-21", "title": "Soil Carbon Dioxide And Methane Fluxes From Long-Term Tillage Systems In Continuous Corn And Corn-Soybean Rotations", "description": "Abstract   Although the Midwestern United States is one of the world's major agricultural production areas, few studies have assessed the effects of the region's predominant tillage and rotation practices on greenhouse gas emissions from the soil surface. Our objectives were to (a) assess short-term chisel (CP) and moldboard plow (MP) effects on soil CO 2  and CH 4  fluxes relative to no-till (NT) and, (b) determine how tillage and rotation interactions affect seasonal gas emissions in continuous corn and corn\u2013soybean rotations on a poorly drained Chalmers silty clay loam (Typic Endoaquoll) in Indiana. The field experiment itself began in 1975. Short-term gas emissions were measured immediately before, and at increasing hourly intervals following primary tillage in the fall of 2004, and after secondary tillage in the spring of 2005, for up to 168\u00a0h. To quantify treatment effects on seasonal emissions, gas fluxes were measured at weekly or biweekly intervals for up to 14 sampling dates in the growing season for corn. Both CO 2  and CH 4  emissions were significantly affected by tillage but not by rotation in the short-term following tillage, and by rotation during the growing season. Soil temperature and moisture conditions in the surface 10\u00a0cm were significantly related to CO 2  emissions, although the proportion of variation explained by temperature and moisture was generally very low (never exceeded 27%) and varied with the tillage system being measured. In the short-term, CO 2  emissions were significantly higher for CP than MP and NT. Similarly, mean seasonal CO 2  emissions during the 2-year period were higher for CP (6.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) than for MP (5.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) and NT (5.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). Both CP and MP resulted in low net CH 4  uptake (7.6 and 2.4\u00a0kg\u00a0CH 4 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 , respectively) while NT resulted in net emissions of 7.7\u00a0kg\u00a0CH 4 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 . Mean emissions of CO 2  were 16% higher from continuous corn than from rotation corn during the two growing seasons. After 3 decades of consistent tillage and crop rotation management for corn and soybean producing grain yields well above average in the Midwest, continuous NT production in the corn\u2013soybean rotation was identified as the system with the least soil-derived C emissions to the atmosphere from among those evaluated prior to and during corn production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-02", "title": "Comparative Analysis Of Soil Microbial Communities And Their Responses To The Short-Term Drought In Bog, Fen, And Riparian Wetlands", "description": "Abstract   The frequency of drought is anticipated to increase in wetland ecosystems as global warming intensifies. However, information on microbial communities involved in greenhouse gas emissions and their responses to drought remains sparse. We compared the gene abundance of eubacterial 16S rRNA, nitrite reductase (nirS) and methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA), and the diversity and composition of eubacteria, methanogens and denitrifiers among bog, fen and riparian wetlands. The gene abundance, diversity and composition significantly differed among wetlands (p\u00a0 \u00a0riparian wetland, whereas the diversity was in the riparian wetland\u00a0\u2265\u00a0fen\u00a0>\u00a0bog. In addition, we conducted a short-term drought experiment and compared microbial communities between control (water-logged) and drought (\u221215\u00a0cm) treatments. Drought led to significant decline in the gene abundance in the bog (16S rRNA, nirS, mcrA) (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-07", "title": "Soil Feedback On Plant Growth In A Sub-Arctic Grassland As A Result Of Repeated Defoliation", "description": "In the long term, defoliation of plants can be hypothesized to decrease plant carbon supply to soil decomposers and thus decrease decomposer abundance and nutrient mineralization in the soil. To test whether defoliation creates changes in soil that can feedback to plant growth, we collected soil from sub-arctic grassland plots that had been either defoliated or non-defoliated for three years and followed the growth of different plant species combinations in these soils in greenhouse conditions. Plant N acquisition and plant growth were lower in the soil collected from the defoliated field plots than in the soil collected from the non-defoliated plots. This response did not depend on the species composition or richness of the tested plant community. In the field, defoliation decreased net nitrogen mineralization. Despite the negative effect of decreased nutrient mineralization rate on plant growth and N accumulation in the greenhouse test, the aboveground abundance of most plant species was not affected by defoliation in the field. This indicates that plants in these sub-arctic grasslands can at least temporarily overcome defoliation-induced decrease in soil nutrient availability. To our knowledge, our results are the first direct evidence that defoliation can induce changes in the soil that negatively feedback to plant growth and N accumulation. This finding indicates that, especially in arctic and sub-arctic grasslands where nutrient mineralization rates are inherently low, soil feedbacks can have an important role in the outcome of herbivore\u2013plant interactions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-06", "title": "Tillage And Crop Residue Management Significantly Affects N-Trace Gas Emissions During The Non-Rice Season Of A Subtropical Rice-Wheat Rotation", "description": "Abstract   Field operations of tillage and residue incorporation could have potentially important influences on N-trace gas fluxes, though poorly quantified. Here we studied the effects of straw incorporation in the preceding rice season and no-tillage prior to wheat sowing on nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during the non-rice period of a typical rice-wheat rotation in the Yangtze River Delta. Compared to conventional management practice (no straw incorporation along with rotary harrowing tillage to 10\u00a0cm before wheat sowing), straw incorporation alone decreased cumulative N2O emissions over the entire non-rice period by 32% (1.53 vs. 2.24\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1, P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-01", "title": "Labile, Recalcitrant, And Microbial Carbon And Nitrogen Pools Of A Tallgrass Prairie Soil In The Us Great Plains Subjected To Experimental Warming And Clipping", "description": "Abstract   Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes are largely controlled by the small but highly bio-reactive, labile pools of these elements in terrestrial soils, while long-term C and N storage is determined by the long-lived recalcitrant fractions. Changes in the size of these pools and redistribution among them in response to global warming may considerably affect the long-term terrestrial C and N storage. However, such changes have not been carefully examined in field warming experiments. This study used sulfuric acid hydrolysis to quantify changes in labile and recalcitrant C and N fractions of soil in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem that had been continuously warmed with or without clipping for about 2.5 years. Warming significantly increased labile C and N fractions in the unclipped plots, resulting in increments of 373\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  dry soil and 15\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg \u22121  dry soil, over this period whilst clipping significantly decreased such concentrations in the warmed plots. Warming also significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and N in the unclipped plots, and increased ratios of soil microbial/labile C and N, indicating an increase in microbial C- and N-use efficiency. Recalcitrant and total C and N contents were not significantly affected by warming. For all measured pools, only labile and microbial biomass C fractions showed significant interactions between warming and clipping, indicating the dependence of the warming effects on clipping. Our results suggest that increased soil labile and microbial C and N fractions likely resulted indirectly from warming increases in plant biomass input, which may be larger than warming-enhanced decomposition of labile organic compounds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-11", "title": "Black Carbon Decomposition And Incorporation Into Soil Microbial Biomass Estimated By 14c Labeling", "description": "Incomplete combustion of organics such as vegetation or fossil fuel led to accumulation of charred products in the upper soil horizon. Such charred products, frequently called pyrogenic carbon or black carbon (BC). may act as an important long-term carbon (C) sink because its microbial decomposition and chemical transformation is probably very slow. Direct estimations of BC decomposition rates are absent because the BC content changes are too small for any relevant experimental period. Estimations based on CO(2) efflux are also unsuitable because the contribution of BC to CO(2) is too small compared to soil organic matter (SOM) and other sources. We produced BC by charring (14)C labeled residues of perennial ryegrass (Latium perenne). We then incubated this (14)C labeled BC in Ah of a Haplic Luvisol soil originated from loess or in loess for 3.2 years. The decomposition rates of BC were estimated based on (14)CO(2) sampled 44 times during the 3.2 years incubation period (1181 days). Additionally we introduced five repeated treatments with either 1) addition of glucose as an energy source for microorganisms to initiate cometabolic BC decomposition or 2) intensive mixing of the soil to check the effect of mechanical disturbance of aggregates on BC decomposition. Black carbon addition amounting to 20% of C(org) of the soil or 200% of C(org) of loess did not change total CO(2) efflux from the soil and slightly decreased it from the loess. This shows a very low BC contribution to recent CO(2) fluxes. The decomposition rates of BC calculated based on 14C in CO(2) were similar in soil and in loess and amounted to 1.36 10-5 d(-1) (=1.36 10-3% d(-1)). This corresponds to a decomposition of about 0.5% BC per year under optimal conditions. Considering about 10 times slower decomposition of BC under natural conditions, the mean residence time (MRT) of BC is about 2000 years, and the half-life is about 1400 years. Considering the short duration of the incubation and the typical decreasing decomposition rates with time, we conclude that the MRT of BC in soils is in the range of millennia. The strong increase in BC decomposition rates (up to 6 times) after adding glucose and the decrease of this stimulation after 2 weeks in the soil (and after 3 months in loess) allowed us to conclude cometabolic BC decomposition. This was supported by higher stimulation of BC decomposition by glucose addition compared to mechanical disturbance as well as higher glucose effects in loess compared to the soil. The effect of mechanical disturbance was over within 2 weeks. The incorporation of BC into microorganisms (fumigation/extraction) after 624 days of incubation amounted to 2.6 and 1.5% of (14)C input into soil and loess, respectively. The amount of BC in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was below the detection limit (<0.01%) showing no BC decomposition products in water leached from the soil. We conclude that applying (14)C labeled BC opens new ways for very sensitive tracing of BC transformation products in released CO(2), microbial biomass, DOC, and SOM pools with various properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-07", "title": "The Fate Of Catechol In Soil As Affected By Earthworms And Clay", "description": "Abstract   The effect of endogeic earthworms (Octolasion tyrtaeum) and the availability of clay (Montmorillonite) on the mobilization and stabilization of uniformly 14C-labelled catechol mixed into arable and forest soil was investigated in a short- and a long-term microcosm experiment. By using arable and forest soil the effect of earthworms and clay in soils differing in the saturation of the mineral matrix with organic matter was investigated. In the short-term experiment microcosms were destructively sampled when the soil had been transformed into casts. In the long-term experiment earthworm casts produced during 7\u00a0days and non-processed soil were incubated for three further months. Production of CO2 and 14CO2 were measured at regular intervals. Accumulation of 14C in humic fractions (DOM, fulvic acids, humic acids and humin) of the casts and the non-processed soil and incorporation of 14C into earthworm tissue were determined.  Incorporation of 14C into earthworm tissue was low, with 0.1 and 0.44% recovered in the short- and long-term experiment, respectively, suggesting that endogeic earthworms preferentially assimilate non-phenolic soil carbon. Cumulative production of CO2-C was significantly increased in casts produced from the arable soil, but lower in casts produced from the forest soil; generally, the production of CO2-C was higher in forest than in arable soil. Both soils differed in the pattern of 14CO2-C production; initially it was higher in the forest soil than in the arable soil, whereas later the opposite was true. Octolasion tyrtaeum did not affect 14CO2-C production in the forest soil, but increased it in the arable soil early in the experiment; clay counteracted this effect. Clay and O. tyrtaeum did not affect integration of 14C into humic fractions of the forest soil. In contrast, in the arable soil O. tyrtaeum increased the amount of 14C in the labile fractions, whereas clay increased it in the humin fraction.  The results indicate that endogeic earthworms increase microbial activity and thus mineralization of phenolic compounds, whereas clay decreases it presumably by binding phenolic compounds to clay particles when passing through the earthworm gut. Endogeic earthworms and clay are only of minor importance for the fate of catechol in soils with high organic matter, clay and microbial biomass concentrations, but in contrast affect the fate of phenolic compounds in low clay soils.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-17", "title": "Conversion Of A Tropical Forest Into Agroforest Alters The Fine Root-Related Carbon Flux To The Soil", "description": "Large areas of remaining tropical forests are affected by anthropogenic disturbances of various intensities. These disturbances alter the structure of the forest ecosystem and consequently its carbon budget. We analysed the role of fine root dynamics in the soil carbon budget of tropical moist forests in South-east Asia along a gradient of increasing disturbance intensity. Fine root production, fine root turnover, and the associated carbon fluxes from the fine root system to the soil were estimated with three different approaches in five stands ranging from an old growth forest with negligible anthropogenic disturbance to a cacao agroforestry system with planted shade trees. Annual fine root production and mortality in three natural forest sites with increasing canopy openness decreased continuously with increasing forest disturbance, with a reduction of more than 45% between the undisturbed forest and the forest with large timber extraction. Cacao agroforestry stands had higher fine root production and mortality rates than forest with large timber extraction but less than undisturbed forest. The amount of carbon annually transferred to the soil carbon pool through fine root mortality was highest in the undisturbed forest and generally decreased with increasing forest use intensity. However, root-related C flux was also relatively high in the plantation with planted shading trees. In contrast, the relative importance of C transfer from root death in the total above- and below-ground C input to the soil increased with increasing forest use intensity and was even similar to the C input via leaf litter fall in the more intensively managed agroforest. We conclude that moderate to heavy disturbance in South-east Asian tropical moist forests has a profound impact on fine root turnover and the related carbon transfer to the soil.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hertel, Dietrich, Harteveld, Marieke A., Leuschner, Christoph,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-05", "title": "Functional Shifts Of Grassland Soil Communities In Response To Soil Warming", "description": "In terrestrial ecosystems most carbon (C) occurs below-ground, making the activity of soil decomposer organisms critical to the global carbon cycle. Temperate grassland ecosystems, contain large, diverse and active soil meso- and macrofauna decomposer communities. Understanding the effects of climate change on their ecology offers a first step towards meaningful predictions of changes in soil organic carbon mineralisation.    We examined the effects of soil warming on the abundance, diversity and ecology of temperate grassland soil fauna functional groups, ecosystem net CO2 flux and respiration and plant above- and below-ground productivity in a 2-year plant\u2013soil mesocosm experiment. Low voltage heating cable mounted on a framework of stainless steel mesh provided a constant 3.5 \u00b0C difference between control and warmed mesocosm soils.    Results showed that this temperature increment had little effect on soil respiration and above-ground plant biomass. There was, however, a significant effect on the soil fauna due to warmer conditions and increased root growth, with significant decreases in the numbers in the large oligochaete groups and Prostigmata mites and the re-distribution of enchytraeids to deeper soil layers. Functional groups exhibited individualistic responses to soil warming, with the total disappearance of epigeic species in the case of the ecosystem engineers and an increased diversity of fungivorous mites that, together, produced significant changes in the composition and trophic structure of the fauna community.    The observed switch towards a fungal driven food web has important implications for the fate of soil organic carbon in temperate ecosystems subjected to sustained warming. Accordingly, soil biology needs to be properly incorporated in C models to make better predictions of the fate of SOC under warmer scenarios.", "keywords": ["570", "Soil invertebrates", "13. Climate action", "Trophic food webs", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOC", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SOM", "Community structure"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-17", "title": "Plant Carbon Inputs And Environmental Factors Strongly Affect Soil Respiration In A Subtropical Forest Of Southwestern China", "description": "Soil respiration is a large component of global carbon fluxes, so it is important to explore how this carbon flux varies with environmental factors and carbon inputs from plants. As part of a long-term study on the chemical and biological effects of aboveground litterfall denial, root trenching and tree-stem girdling, we measured soil respiration for three years in plots where those treatments were applied singly and in combination. Tree-stem girdling terminates the flow of carbohydrates from canopy, but allows the roots to continue water and nutrient uptake. After carbon storage below the stem girdles is depleted, the girdled trees die. Root trenching immediately terminates root exudates as well as water and nutrient uptake. Excluding aboveground litterfall removes soil carbon inputs, but allows normal root functions to continue. We found that removing aboveground litterfall and the humus layer reduced soil respiration by more than the C input from litter, a respiration priming effect. When this treatment was combined with stem girdling, root trenching or those treatments in combination, the change in soil respiration was indistinguishable from the loss of litterfall C inputs. This suggests that litterfall priming occurs only when normal root processes persist. Soil respiration was significantly related to temperature in all treatment combinations, and to soil water content in all treatments except stem girdling alone, and girdling plus trenching. Aboveground litterfall was a significant predictor of soil respiration in control, stem-girdled, trenched and stem-girdled plus trenching treatments. Stem girdling significantly reduced soil respiration as a single factor, but root trenching did not. These results suggest that in addition to temperature, aboveground carbon inputs exert strong controls on forest soil respiration.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.12.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-08", "title": "Assessment Of 10 Years Of Co2 Fumigation On Soil Microbial Communities And Function In A Sweetgum Plantation", "description": "Abstract   Increased vegetative growth and soil carbon (C) storage under elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]) has been demonstrated in a number of experiments. However, the ability of ecosystems, either above- or belowground, to maintain increased C storage relies on the response of soil processes, such as those that control nitrogen (N) mineralization, to climatic change. These soil processes are mediated by microbial communities whose activity and structure may also respond to increasing atmospheric [CO 2 ]. We took advantage of a long-term (ca 10\u00a0y) CO 2  enrichment experiment in a sweetgum plantation located in the southeastern United States to test the hypothesis that observed increases in root production in elevated relative to ambient CO 2  plots would alter microbial community structure, increase microbial activity, and increase soil nutrient cycling. We found that elevated [CO 2 ] had no detectable effect on microbial community structure using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, on microbial activity measured with extracellular enzyme activity, or on potential soil N mineralization and nitrification rates. These results support findings at other forested Free Air [CO 2 ] Enrichment (FACE) sites.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.12.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.12.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.12.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.12.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-25", "title": "Wheat Straw Management Affects Ch4 And N2o Emissions From Rice Fields", "description": "A 3-year field experiment was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China from 2004 to 2006 to investigate CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields as affected by various wheat straw management practices prior to rice cultivation. Five methods of returning wheat straw, no straw, evenly incorporating, burying straw, ditch mulching and strip mulching, were adopted in the experiment. Evenly incorporating is the most common management practice in the region. Results showed that compared with no straw, evenly incorporating increased CH4 emission significantly by a factor of 3.9\u201310.5, while decreasing N2O emission by 1\u201378%. Methane emission from burying straw was comparable with that from evenly incorporating, while N2O emission from burying straw was 94\u2013314% of that from evenly incorporating. Compared with evenly incorporating, CH4 emission was decreased by 23\u201332% in ditch mulching and by 32% in strip mulching, while N2O emission was increased by a factor of 1.4\u20133.7 in ditch mulching and by a factor of 5.1 in strip mulching. During the rice-growing season, the emitted N2O was negligible compared to that of emitted CH4. No significant difference in grain yield was observed between ditch mulching, burying straw, evenly incorporating and no straw. Compared with no straw, the grain yield was increased by 27% in strip mulching. Based on these results, the best management practice for returning wheat straw to the soil is strip mulching wheat straw partially or completely onto the field surface, as the method reduced CH4 emission from rice fields with no decrease in rice yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hua Xu, Jing Ma, Kazuyuki Yagi, Zucong Cai, Erdeng Ma,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-06", "title": "Decomposition And Mineralization Of Energy Crop Residues Governed By Earthworms", "description": "Abstract   Energy crops are increasingly cultivated in agricultural management systems world-wide. A substitution of food crops (e.g. cereals) by energy crops may generally alter the biological activity and litter decomposition in soil due to their varying structural and chemical composition and subsequently modify soil functioning. A soil microcosm experiment was performed to assess the decomposition and microbial mineralization of different energy crop residues in soil compared to a food crop, with or without earthworms. Residues of the energy crops winter rape (Brassica napus), maize (Zea mays), miscanthus (Miscanthus\u00a0giganteus) and the food crop oat (Avena sativa) were each provided as food source for a mixed earthworm population, each consisting of one individual of Lumbricus terrestris, Aporrectodea caliginosa, and Octolasion tyrtaeum. After 6 weeks, the rate of litter loss from the soil surface, earthworm biomass, microbial biomass-C and -N, microbial activity, and enzyme activities were determined. The results emphasized, that litter loss and microbial parameters were predominantly promoted by earthworms and were additionally influenced by the varying structural and chemical composition of the different litter. Litter decay by earthworms was highest in N-rich maize litter treatment (C\u2013N ratio 34.8) and lowest in the case of miscanthus litter (C\u2013N ratio 134.4). As a consequence, the microbial biomass and basal respiration in soils with maize litter were higher, relative to other litter types. MBC\u2013MBN ratio in soil increased when earthworms were present, indicating N competition between earthworms and microorganisms. Furthermore, enzyme activities responded in different ways on the varying types of litter and earthworm activity. Enzymes involved in the N-cycle decreased and those involved in the C-cycle tended to increase in the presence of earthworms, when litter with high C\u2013N ratio was provided as a food source. Especially in the miscanthus treatments, less N might remain for enzymatic degradation, indicating that N competition between earthworms and microorganisms may vary between different litter types. Especially, an expansion of miscanthus in agricultural management systems might result in a reduced microbial activity and a higher N deficit for microorganisms in soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Daniel Felten, Isabell Henseler, Christoph Emmerling, Gregor Ernst,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-15", "title": "Soil Co2 Efflux And Extractable Organic Carbon Fractions Under Simulated Precipitation Events In A Mediterranean Dehesa", "description": "Abstract   The magnitude of CO2 efflux pulses after rewetting a dry soil is highly variable and the factors regulating these pulses are poorly understood. In this field experiment, we aimed to study the C dynamics after simulated summer rainstorms in a Mediterranean open holm oak woodland (dehesa). We hypothesized that because the herbaceous cover is mostly dead during the summer in this ecosystem, the short-term CO2 efflux (SR) after rewetting could mainly be explained by different measurable soil C fractions: i) K2SO4-extracted soil C (EOC); ii) microbial biomass C (MBC); or iii) chloroform-fumigated extracted C (CFE). On both grazed and abandoned dehesa sites, we simulated three summer rain events at two-week intervals and we measured SR discontinuously in three plots under tree canopy and in another three plots in open grassland. In each plot, C fractions and water content were estimated before (2\u00a0h) and after (36\u00a0h) each irrigation event. Following rewettings, SR increased up to ten times compared with non-irrigated plots. The CFE actually increased after rewetting in the first two irrigations but not in the third event, suggesting that the capacity of the soil to release labile organic C from soil aggregates or litter was reduced after each irrigation event. Overall, the C released as CO2 in the first 24\u00a0h was related to the CFE existing before rewetting, which may help to explain the spatial variability in SR. However, the explained variability decreased after each irrigation, suggesting a change to a less labile composition of the CFE fraction as a consequence of multiple drying-rewetting cycles.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-11", "title": "Litter Contribution To Diurnal And Annual Soil Respiration In A Tropical Montane Cloud Forest", "description": "Respiration of CO2 from soils (Rs) is a major component of the carbon cycle of ecosystems, but understanding is still poor of both the relative contributions of different respiratory sources to Rs, and the environmental factors that drive diurnal variations in Rs. We measured total and litter-free Rs at half-hourly intervals over full 24 h periods, and thereafter twice a month for 10 months in a tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) in Peru. Total Rs declined by about 61% during the night as a result of variations in respiration rate in the litter, which were partly correlated with the soil surface air temperature. Most of the diurnal variation of Rs in this TMCF appears to be driven by respiration in the litter layer, which contributed 37% to the total soil CO2 efflux. Total Rs rates at this particular site would have been overestimated by 60% if derived from daytime measurements that had not been corrected for diurnal variations in Rs.", "keywords": ["Diurnal soil respiration variation", "Diurnal variations", "Tropics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "Keywords: Carbon cycles", "Relative contributions", "Litter respiration", "Respiration rates", "Soil surfaces", "13. Climate action", "Environmental factors", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Tropical montane cloud forest", "S Diurnal soil respiration variation", "Litter layers", "Soil CO", "Sodium compounds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79958/5/f5625xPUB8309.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79958/7/01_ZIMMERMANN_Litter_contribution_to_diurnal_2009.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-20", "title": "Competition Between Invasive Earthworms (Amynthas Corticis, Megascolecidae) And Native North American Millipedes (Pseudopolydesmus Erasus, Polydesmidae): Effects On Carbon Cycling And Soil Structure", "description": "Abstract   Invasive earthworms can have significant impacts on C dynamics through their feeding, burrowing, and casting activities, including the protection of C in microaggregates and alteration of soil respiration. European earthworm invasion is known to affect soil micro- and mesofauna, but little is known about impacts of invasive earthworms on other soil macrofauna. Asian earthworms ( Amynthas  spp.) are increasingly being reported in the southern Appalachian Mountains in southeastern North America. This region is home to a diverse assemblage of native millipedes, many of which share niches with earthworm species. This situation indicates potential for earthworm\u2013millipede competition in areas subject to  Amynthas  invasion.  In a laboratory microcosm experiment, we used two  13 C enriched food sources (red oak,  Quercus rubra , and eastern hemlock,  Tsuga canadensis ) to assess food preferences of millipedes ( Pseudopolydesmus erasus ), to determine the effects of millipedes and earthworms ( Amynthas corticis ) on soil structure, and to ascertain the nature and extent of the interactions between earthworms and millipedes. Millipedes consumed both litter species and preferred red oak litter over eastern hemlock litter. Mortality and growth of millipedes were not affected by earthworm presence during the course of the experiment, but millipedes assimilated much less litter-derived C when earthworms were present.  Fauna and litter treatments had significant effects on soil respiration. Millipedes alone reduced CO 2  efflux from microcosms relative to no fauna controls, whereas earthworms alone and together with millipedes increased respiration, relative to the no fauna treatment. CO 2  derived from fresh litter was repressed by the presence of macrofauna. The presence of red oak litter increased CO 2  efflux considerably, compared to hemlock litter treatments.  Millipedes, earthworms, and both together reduced particulate organic matter. Additionally, earthworms created significant shifts in soil aggregates from the 2000\u2013250 and 250\u201353\u00a0\u03bcm fractions to the >2000\u00a0\u03bcm size class. Earthworm-induced soil aggregation was lessened in the 0\u20132\u00a0cm layer in the presence of millipedes. Earthworms translocated litter-derived C to soil throughout the microcosm.  Our results suggest that invasion of ecosystems by  A. corticis  in the southern Appalachian Mountains is unlikely to be limited by litter species and these earthworms are likely to compete directly for food resources with native millipedes. Widespread invasion could cause a net loss of C due to increased respiration rates, but this may be offset by C protected in water-stable soil aggregates.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-13", "title": "Soil Organic Matter In Soil Physical Fractions In Adjacent Semi-Natural And Cultivated Stands In Temperate Atlantic Forests", "description": "Changes from natural tree species to rapidly growing exotic species as well as intensification of forestry operations with heavy machinery can lead to changes in the quantity and quality of organic matter inputs to soil and to disruption of soil physical structure. These two ecosystem properties are tightly linked to organic matter dynamics. Five adjacent forest stands were selected to study soil organic matter dynamics in soil physical fractions. On one hand, two semi-natural broadleaved forests (Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica) and an adult radiata pine plantation (40-year-old,) in order to study the effect of species change on these parameters, and on the other, a chronosequence of Pinus radiata plantations (40-year-old; 3-year-old; 16-year-old), to study the effect of mechanization during harvesting and intense site preparation. Samples of intact topsoil (0-5\u00a0cm) were collected and aggregate-size distribution, mean weight diameter (MWD), total C and N, particulate organic matter (POM)-C, POM-N and microbial biomass-C were determined in each aggregate size fraction. Microbial respiration and nitrogen mineralization were also assessed in each aggregate size fraction, during a 28 day incubation period. Losses of POM-C and POM-N in the bulk soil due to mechanical site preparation were high relative to total soil C and N, which suggests that POM is a sensitive parameter to the effect of mechanization. The ratio C-POM:SOM was significantly related to MWD (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.75, P\u00a0 2\u00a0mm) were the most abundant class in mature stands (82-92%), whereas macro- and microaggregates (<2\u00a0mm) were the most abundant ones in the intensely soil prepared P. radiata plantation (49%). Indicators for sustainable forest management related to soil organic matter should not only be assessed in terms of total C stocks but also with respect to sensitive organic matter and its degradability in different size classes. \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-16", "title": "N2o And No Fluxes Between A Norway Spruce Forest Soil And Atmosphere As Affected By Prolonged Summer Drought", "description": "Global change scenarios predict an increasing frequency and duration of summer drought periods in Central Europe especially for higher elevation areas. Our current knowledge about the effects of soil drought on nitrogen trace gas fluxes from temperate forest soils is scarce. In this study, the effects of experimentally induced drought on soil N 2 O and NO emissions were investigated in a mature Norway spruce forest in the Fichtelgebirge (northeastern Bavaria, Germany) in two consecutive years. Drought was induced by roof constructions over a period of 46 days. The experiment was run in three replicates and three non-manipulated plots served as controls. Additionally to the N 2 O and NO flux measurements in weekly to monthly intervals, soil gas samples from six different soil depths were analysed in time series for N 2 O concentration as well as isotope abundances to investigate N 2 O dynamics within the soil. N 2 O fluxes from soil to the atmosphere at the experimental plots decreased gradually during the drought period from 0.2 to -0.0 \u03bcmol m -2  h -1 , respectively, and mean cumulative N 2 O emissions from the manipulated plots were reduced by 43% during experimental drought compared to the controls in 2007. N 2 O concentration as well as isotope abundance analysis along the soil profiles revealed that a major part of the soil acted as a net sink for N 2 O, even during drought. This N 2 O sink, together with diminished N 2 O production in the organic layers, resulted in successively decreased N 2 O fluxes during drought, and may even turn this forest soil into a net sink of atmospheric N 2 O as observed in the first year of the experiment. Enhanced N 2 O fluxes observed after rewetting up to 0.1 \u03bcmol m -2  h -1  were not able to compensate for the preceding drought effect. During the experiment in 2006, with soil matric potentials in 20 cm depth down to -630 hPa, cumulative NO emissions from the throughfall exclusion plots were reduced by 69% compared to the controls, whereas cumulative NO emissions from the experimental plots in 2007, with minimum soil matric potentials of -210 hPa, were 180% of those of the controls. Following wetting, the soil of the throughfall exclusion plots showed significantly larger NO fluxes compared to the controls (up to 9 \u03bcmol m -2  h -1  versus 2 \u03bcmol m -2  h -1 ). These fluxes were responsible for 44% of the total emission of NO throughout the whole course of the experiment. NO emissions from this forest soil usually exceeded N 2 O emissions by one order of magnitude or more except during wintertime.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=15.+Life+on+land&offset=4150&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=15.+Life+on+land&offset=4150&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=15.+Life+on+land&offset=4100", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=15.+Life+on+land&offset=4200", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 12443, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T20:56:35.639929Z"}