{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-26", "title": "Crop Growth And Nitrogen Turnover Under Increased Temperatures And Low Autumn And Winter Light Intensity", "description": "Abstract   The rise in mean annual temperatures under the projected climate change will affect both soil organic matter turnover and cropping patterns in agriculture. Nitrogen (N) mineralization may be higher during autumn and winter and may increase the risk of nitrate leaching. Our study tested whether a soil cover of winter wheat or a ryegrass catch crop would be able to take up the extra N mineralized during autumn and winter under the low light conditions in Northern Europe, both at current average temperatures (T0) and at 4\u00a0\u00b0C (T+4) and 8\u00a0\u00b0C (T+8) above average. The crops were grown in pots in growth chambers from mid-September to February. Two sowing times were included for winter wheat, with an early sowing in September representing current practice and a late sowing in October to reflect possible future cropping conditions. Biomass yield and soil inorganic N were determined from replicate pots in November, December and February. Reference pots with bare soil were included. N mineralization clearly increased with higher temperatures with, respectively, 22% and 80% more N mineralized in bare soil at T+4 and T+8 than at T0 after 136 days. The ryegrass catch crop emptied the soil of inorganic N very efficiently during both autumn and winter months at all temperatures. The early-sown wheat crop left negligible amounts of inorganic N in the soil at the last harvest in February at T+4 and T+8, whereas it was unable to take up all mineralized N at T0. The prolonged period without a crop before the late sowing of wheat caused generally higher levels of inorganic N to accumulate in soil. Despite the higher mineralization under the raised temperatures, at T+8 the late-sown winter wheat was able to reduce soil inorganic N to a lower level than late-sown wheat at the two lower temperatures. The results indicate that even at the low light intensity during autumn and winter, accelerated N mineralization caused by raised temperatures can potentially be offset by crop N uptake. However, sowing should take place sufficiently early in the autumn to give the crop time to capture the additional N mineralized during autumn, and this may collide with the projected need for later sowing of winter cereals under a warmer climate.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-08", "title": "Deepened Snow Alters Soil Microbial Nutrient Limitations In Arctic Birch Hummock Tundra", "description": "Abstract   Microbial activity in the long arctic cold season is low but cumulatively important. In particular, the size of the microbial biomass and soil solution nutrient pool at the end of winter may control the quantity of nutrients available to plants in the following spring. Microbial starvation and lysis as a result of increasingly severe soluble carbon (C) shortages over winter has been hypothesized as a potential mechanism for microbial nutrient release at thaw. These C shortages may be exacerbated by the warmer temperatures and increased winter precipitation that are consistently predicted for a large part of the low Arctic. In particular, warmer soil temperatures due to deeper snow may increase wintertime microbial activity and organic matter decomposition over the winter, potentially resulting in enhanced nutrient availability to plants in the following growing season.  In this study, we investigated nutrient limitations to soil microbial growth and activity in late winter under ambient and experimentally deepened snow (\u223c0.3 and 1\u00a0m respectively) in birch hummock tundra within the Canadian low Arctic. We hypothesized that the build-up of moderately deeper snow over winter would exacerbate soluble C-limitation to microbial growth and activity and increase soluble N accumulation, and thus stimulate the growth of bacteria relative to fungi. We measured the  in situ  response of the soil microbial biomass and soil soluble pools in control and snow-fenced plots at the end of winter, and then incubated soils from these plots with added C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (at 0\u201315\u00a0\u00b0C) to characterize nutrient limitations to microbial growth and activity.  In late winter, deepened snow increased the microbial pool of N, yet decreased soil pools of dissolved organic N and C, and decreased bacterial counts. Fungal mass and hyphal lengths did not change, but remained dominant under both ambient and deepened snow. Deepened snow exacerbated the soluble C-limitation to microbial growth and reduced the P-limitation for microbial respiration. Fungal mass and hyphal length responses to nutrient addition were larger than the bacterial mass or abundance responses and fungi from under deepened snow responded more than those from under ambient snow, indicating a different potential structural and physiological response to substrate availability for these two soil microbial communities. Our results indicate that deeper snow may increase microbial nutrient pools and can alter the physiological functioning of the soil microbial community in late winter, suggesting that microbial N release and its availability to plants during spring thaw may be enhanced.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-24", "title": "Modelling Soil Organic Carbon Turnover In Improved Fallows In Eastern Zambia Using The Rothc-26.3 Model", "description": "Abstract   Scarcity of simple and reliable methods of estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and lack of data from long-term experiments make it difficult to estimate attainable soil C sequestration in tropical improved fallows. Testing and validating existing and widely used SOC models would help to determine attainable C storage in fallows. The Rothamsted C (RothC) model, therefore, was tested using empirical data from improved fallows at Msekera in eastern Zambia. This study (i) determined the effects of nitrogen fixing tree (NFT) species on aboveground organic C inputs to the soil and SOC stocks, (ii) estimated annual net organic C inputs to the soil using the RothC, and (iii) tested the performance of RothC model using empirical data from improved fallows. Soil samples (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were collected from coppicing and non-coppicing fallow experiments in October 2002 for determination of SOC by LECO CHN-1000 analyser. Data on surface litter, maize and weed biomasses, and on weather, were supplied by the Zambia/ICRAF Agroforestry Project. Measured SOC stocks to 20\u00a0cm depth ranged from 32.2 to 37.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows and 29.5 to 30.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows compared to 22.2\u201326.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in maize monoculture systems. Coppicing fallows accumulated more SOC (680\u20131150\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121) than non-coppicing fallows (410\u2013789\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121). While treatments with NFTs accumulated more SOC than NFT-free systems, SOC stocks increased with increasing tree biomass production and tree rotation. For food security and C sequestration, coppicing fallows are a potentially viable option.  The RothC-26.3 model calculates the effect of annual above- and below-ground plant residue inputs to the soil on total organic C, microbial biomass, and radiocarbon age of the soil over a period ranging from a few years to centuries. As plant residue inputs from roots during plant growth are rarely known, the model is most often run in \u2018inverse\u2019 mode to generate total annual plant residue inputs from known soil, site, and weather data. The model, run in reverse, estimated the annual net organic C inputs required to maintain SOC stocks. Estimates ranged from 2.8 to 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows, 2.2\u20135.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows, and from 1.4 to 2.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in controls. Modelled inputs comprising above- and below-ground organic residues in fallows were 12\u2013104% greater than measured above-ground inputs alone. The model provided a good fit to empirical SOC data in fertilized maize monoculture, and in coppicing and non-coppicing fallows. Modelled inputs for Leucaena, Gliricidia, Senna, Sesbania, and Cajanus closely matched plant C input values estimated in separate studies, suggesting that RothC is giving reasonable simulations of soil C changes under improved fallow conditions in Zambia. However, the DPM/RPM ratio for plant C inputs in fallows was increased from 0.25 to 1.10 to suit their biodegradability characteristics. The RothC model can be used to calculate annual organic C inputs and SOC stocks in improved fallows provided suitable DPM:RPM ratios are used.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-28", "title": "High-resolution and three-dimensional mapping of soil texture of China", "description": "The lack of detailed three-dimensional soil texture information largely restricts many applications in agriculture, hydrology, climate, ecology and environment. This study predicted 90 m resolution spatial variations of sand, silt and clay contents at a national extent across China and at multiple depths 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360, 60\u2013100 and 100\u2013200 cm. We used 4579 soil profiles collected from a national soil series inventory conducted recently and currently available environmental covariates. The covariates characterized environmental factors including climate, parent materials, terrain, vegetation and soil conditions. We constructed random forest models and employed a parallel computing strategy for the predictions of soil texture fractions based on its relationship with the environmental factors. Quantile regression forest was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions. Results showed that the predicted maps were much more accurate and detailed than the conventional linkage maps and the SoilGrids250m product, and could well represent spatial variation of soil texture across China. The relative accuracy improvement was around 245\u2013370% relative to the linkage maps and 83\u2013112% relative to the SoilGrids250m product with regard to the R2, and it was around 24\u201326% and 14\u201319% respectively with regard to the RMSE. The wide range between 5% lower and 95% upper prediction limits may suggest that there was a substantial room to improve current predictions. Besides, we found that climate and terrain factors are major controllers for spatial patterns of soil texture in China. The heat and water-driven physical and chemical weathering and wind-driven erosion processes primarily shape the pattern of clay content. The terrain, wind and water-driven deposition, erosion and transportation sorting processes of soil particles primarily shape the pattern of silt. The findings provide clues for modeling future soil evolution and for national soil security management under the background of global and regional environmental changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Digital soil mapping", "13. Climate action", "Large extent", "Machine learning", "Environmental factors", "Uncertainty", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-22", "title": "A review of threats to groundwater quality in the anthropocene", "description": "Awareness concerning sustainable groundwater consumption under the context of land use and climate change is gaining traction, raising the bar for adequate understanding of the complexities of natural and anthropogenic processes and how they affect groundwater quality. The heterogeneous characteristics of aquifers have hampered comprehensive source, transport and contaminant identification. As questions remain about the behavior and prediction of well-known groundwater contaminants, new concerns around emerging contaminants are on the increase. This review highlights some of the key contaminants that originate from anthropogenic activities, organized based on land use categories namely agricultural, urban and industrial. It further highlights the extensive overlap, in terms of both provenance as well as contaminant type, between the different land use sectors. A selection of case studies from literature that describe the continued concern of established contaminants, as well as new and emerging compounds, are presented to illustrate the many qualitative threats to global groundwater resources. In some cases, the risk of groundwater contamination lacks adequate gravity, while in others the underlying physical and societal processes are not fully understood and activities may commence without adequately considering potential impacts. In the agricultural context, the historic and current application of fertilizers and plant protectants, use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and hormones, strives to safeguard the growing food demands. In the context of a sprawling urban environment, waste, human pharmaceuticals, and urban pesticide outputs are increasing, with adequate runoff and sanitation infrastructure often lagging. Finally, industrial activities are associated with accidental leaks and spills, while the large-scale storage of industrial byproducts has led to legacy contaminants such as those stemming from raw mineral extraction. With this review paper, we aim to underscore the need for transdisciplinary research, along with transboundary communication, using sound science and adaptive policy and management practice in order to procure sustainable groundwater quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-09", "title": "Microbial Degradation Of Hydrolysable And Condensed Tannin Polyphenol-Protein Complexes In Soils From Different Land-Use Histories", "description": "Abstract   Polyphenols are capable of binding to proteins and form polyphenol\u2013protein complexes thus reducing the release of N from decomposing plant materials. The objective of this work was to test if under polyphenol-rich vegetations adapted microbial communities had developed capable of breaking down recalcitrant polyphenol\u2013protein complexes. Soils used for this investigation were from different 10-year-old tropical agricultural systems (maize, sugarcane plots and Gliricidia sepium or Peltophorum dasyrrachis woodlots) and natural systems (secondary forest and Imperata cylindrica grassland). TA (tannic acid, hydrolysable tannin), QUE (quebracho, condensed tannin), BSA (bovine serum albumin, protein) or TA/BSA and QUE/BSA polyphenol\u2013protein complexes were incubated at 28\u00a0\u00b0C in these soils. CO2-C and 13C evolution were periodically monitored and mineral N release, microbial biomass N and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles measured at the end.  QUE was able to bind about 25% more protein than TA. In all systems the individual uncomplexed substrates were more easily degraded than the complexes. On average, net cumulative CO2-C evolution from TA/BSA complexes was more than 5 times higher than from QUE/BSA complexes, indicating higher C availability and/or lower protection capability of TA compared to QUE. However, net N release was higher from QUE/BSA than from TA/BSA probably due to their higher protein-binding capacity and associated larger degradation of partly unprotected protein as suggested by 13C-CO2 signatures. Microbial respiration patterns indicated that polyphenol complexes were initially degraded more quickly in the maize cropping system than in soils from under polyphenol-rich communities (Peltophorum and natural forest) but this pattern reversed with time. Long-term incubation of QUE/BSA complexes even caused a negative effect on microbial respiration in agricultural soils with low polyphenol contents (e.g. maize and sugarcane).  Incubation of polyphenol complexes in soil depressed microbial biomass N in maize, sugarcane, Imperata and forest systems and led to reduced soil pH. However, microbial biomass was increased under the polyphenol-rich vegetation of Peltophorum. The PLFA group 18:2w6,9 was highly enhanced by condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes additions as compared to control and hydrolysable polyphenol\u2013protein complexes in soils with high polyphenol contents. Polyphenol complexes increased the fungi:bacteria ratio in systems with a high polyphenol content, particularly with condensed tannin complexes. The results indicated that systems with a high polyphenol content favoured development of fungal communities that are highly adaptable to phenol-rich soil conditions and high acidity, particularly with regards to the more recalcitrant condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-03", "title": "Soil Quality Variables In Organically And Conventionally Cultivated Field Sites", "description": "This study aimed to answer the following questions (a) which of the soil variables (chemical, biological, enzyme activities and potential metabolic profile based on the Biolog method) could be used as indicators reflecting differences in soil quality between organically and conventionally managed asparagus fields, (b) how the duration of organic management affects these soil variables and (c) in what extent the soil quality in organic fields is comparable to that in hedgerows. The study included four organically cultivated fields which differed in the time they enter organic treatment: 6 years (O6), 5 years (O5), 3 years (O3) and 2 years (O2), the closest to them hedgerow (Ho), a conventionally managed field (CF) and its adjacent hedgerow (Hc). Among the chemical and biological variables, those contributing for most to the discrimination of the organic and conventional fields were mainly microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and secondly variables related to N-cycle (NO3, N organic, rate of N mineralization). MBC and MBN were higher in organic and conventional areas, respectively, reflecting differences in the structure of their microbial communities. The chemical and biological variables did not differ among O3, O5 and O6 fields, while low values of organic N, rate of N mineralization and extractable P was recorded in O2 area. The enzyme activities of amidohydrolases (l-asparaginase,l-glutaminase, urease) and phosphatases (alkaline and acid phosphatase) were by far higher in organic areas than in the conventional one. The activities of amidohydrolases and alkaline phosphatase changed in a similar way, exhibiting higher values in O3 and O5 areas while between the oldest (O6) and the newest (O2) area no differences were recorded. While the suppress of enzyme activities in O2 was related to low inputs due to transition, the negative feedback between supply of N and P and activities in O6 was a possible explanation. The activity of acid phosphatase increased from the newest to oldest organic areas. The potential functional diversity and substrate evenness did not differ among sampling areas. Differences between areas were recorded only in relation to the carbohydrates' consumption. The soil quality of hedgerows seems to be completely different than that of the arable land in terms of all studied variables. Also, significant differences were recorded between the two hedgerows, a fact that could be related to the different management practices applied in the neighboring fields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect of fertilization on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems - A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Soil microorganisms are considered a sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. In cropping systems, soil microorganisms are strongly affected by crop management, including the application of fertilizers. While studies in natural ecosystems have generally found that increased nitrogen (N) inputs decrease microbial biomass, microorganisms in soils under upland crops often benefit from mineral fertilizer input. Paddy rice soils, being flooded for part of the season, are dominated by different carbon (C) and N cycle processes and microbial communities than soils under upland crops. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilizer on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems in a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. Across all studies (n\u00a0=\u00a055), the addition of mineral fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) by 26% in paddy rice soils. Mineral fertilizer applications also increased soil organic carbon content (SOC) by 13%. The higher crop productivity with fertilization likely led to higher organic C inputs, which in turn increased SOC and MBC contents. The time of sampling within a season (pre-plant rice, in-season rice, post-harvest rice, or post-harvest rotational crop) did not significantly affect the response of MBC to mineral fertilizer. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on MBC content did not differ between cropping systems with continuous rice and systems where paddy rice was grown in rotation with other crops. However, compared with upland cropping systems, the increase in the microbial biomass due to mineral fertilizer application is more pronounced in rice cropping systems, even when rice is grown in rotation with an upland crop. Differences in climate and soil oxygen availability likely explain the stronger response of soil microorganisms to mineral fertilizer input in paddy rice systems. Our analysis suggests that fertilization does not consistently select for specific microbial groups (e.g. gram positive or negative bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) in paddy rice systems; however, it affects microbial community composition through changes in soil properties. How specific groups of microorganisms respond to mineral fertilization likely depends on environmental factors. Overall, our results suggest that in paddy rice systems the application of inorganic fertilizers increases SOC and MBC contents, both of which are important indicators of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bruce A. Linquist, Patricia Lazicki, Daniel Geisseler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization And Cropping Systems Effects On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Pools Under Chisel-Plow Tillage In Illinois", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural soils can be a major sink for atmospheric carbon (C) with adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs). Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations and pools. Replicated soil samples were collected in May 2004 to 90\u00a0cm depth from a 23-year-old experiment at the Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Monmouth, IL. The SOC and TN concentrations and pools, soil bulk density ( \u03c1  b ) and soil C:N ratio were measured for five N rates [0 (N 0 ), 70 (N 1 ), 140 (N 2 ), 210 (N 3 ) and 280 (N 4 ) kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ] and two cropping systems [continuous corn ( Zea mays  L.) (CC), and corn\u2013soybean ( Glycine max  (L . ) Merr.) rotation (CS)]. Long-term N fertilization and cropping systems significantly influenced SOC concentrations and pools to 30\u00a0cm depth. The SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 68.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 75.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . Across all N treatments, the SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth for CC was 4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. Similarly, TN concentrations and pools were also significantly affected by N rates. The TN pool for 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 5.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 6.14\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . In relation to cropping systems, the TN pool for 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth for CC was 0.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. The increase in SOC and TN pools with higher N rates is attributed to the increased amount of biomass production in CC and CS systems. Increasing N rates significantly decreased  \u03c1  b  for 0\u201330\u00a0cm and decreased the soil C:N ratio for 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth. However, none of the measured soil properties were significantly correlated with N rates and cropping systems below 30\u00a0cm soil depth. We conclude that in the context of developing productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems on a site and soil specific basis, the results from this study is helpful to strengthening the database of management effects on SOC storage in the Mollisols of Midwestern U.S.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Soil Carbon Stratification Affected By Long-Term Tillage And Cropping Systems In Southern Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Continuous residue inputs when associated with minimum soil disturbance gradually promote the stratification of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the soil profile. In temperate soils, this characteristic has been used as an indicator of quality of soil management. However, few studies have been conducted with this indicator in tropical and subtropical climates or with the main soil orders in these areas. To fill this gap, this study was carried out in a subtropical climate with two of the major Brazilian soil orders, Oxisol and Alfisol, that together account for 63% of Brazilian agricultural soils. This study tested the hypothesis that the CSR is affected by soil order and climate type. The main treatments were soil tillage and different cropping systems in two long-term experiments carried out in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The first experiment, established in 1985, was conducted over a clayey Hapludox (Oxisol) soil. The main plots were treated with one of two tillage systems (conventional tillage \u2013 CT; and no-tillage \u2013 NT). The subplots were treated with one of three cropping systems: (a) continuous crop succession (R0) \u2013 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill); (b) winter crop rotation (R1)\u2013wheat/soybean/black oat (Avena strigosa Schreber)/soybean; (c) summer and winter crop rotation (R2) \u2013 wheat/soybean/black oat/soybean/black oat\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Walp)/maize (Zea mays L.)/forage radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.). The second experiment was established in 1991 over a sandy loam distrophic Paleudalf (Alfisol) soil. Five cropping systems were analyzed under no-till: (a) maize\u00a0+\u00a0jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis DC)/soybean (M/JB); (b) maize/fallow/soybean (M/F); (c) maize/ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch/soybean (M/R); (d) maize\u00a0+\u00a0velvet beans (Stizolobium cinereum Piper and Tracy)/soybean (M/VB); and (e) maize/radish oil/soybean (M/FR). The carbon stratification ratio (CSR) was assessed in the 19th and 22nd experimental years for Oxisol and in the 10th and 17th years for Alfisol. This index was calculated through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.05 and 0.05\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layers. The CPI was determined through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layer in a given treatment compared with native vegetation. Regardless of the soil order, SOC was influenced by C input and the tillage system; there was a positive linear relationship between CSR and CPI. The relationship between the CSR and the carbon pool index (CPI) was used to infer the quality of soil management. Higher CSR and CPI indices were found under treatments with minimum soil disturbance and intensive crop rotation. Lower CSR and CPI values were associated with frequent mobilization and lower crop diversity. These CSR indices sensitively distinguished the intensity of tillage (NT replacing CT) and cropping systems (cover crops replacing winter fallow or crop succession). The CSR values in subtropical soils investigated were lower than those reported for temperate soils. The soil order affected the critical CSR value being lower in the Oxisol than in the Alfisol. Our findings recommend accept our hypothesis that the CSR is affected by climate and soil order.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1742170512000257", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-24", "title": "Conservation Agriculture Systems For Malawian Smallholder Farmers: Long-Term Effects On Crop Productivity, Profitability And Soil Quality", "description": "Abstract<p>Conservation agriculture (CA) systems are based upon minimal soil disturbance; crop residue retention and crop rotation and/or intercrop association are increasingly seen to recycle nutrients, increase yield and reduce production costs. This study examines the effects of CA practices on crop productivity, profitability and soil quality under the conditions encountered by smallholder farmers in two farming communities from 2005 to 2011 in Malawi, as part of the contribution to remedy a lack of supporting agronomic research for these relatively new systems. The drier agroenvironment of Lemu of Bazale Extension Planning Area (EPA) is characterized by sandy clay loam soils and lower rainfall. Here, CA showed positive benefits on maize yield after the first season of experimentation, with highest increases of 2.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921and 2.3 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921more yield in CA monocrop maize and CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercrop, respectively, than the conventional tillage in the driest season of 2009/10. In the high rainfall environment of Zidyana EPA (characterized by sandy loam soils), substantial maize yield benefits resulted in the fifth season of experimentation. Farmers spent at most 50 days ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(US$140) producing maize under CA systems compared with 62 days ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(US$176) spent under conventional tillage practices. In Lemu, both CA systems resulted in gross margins three times higher than that of the conventional control plot, while in Zidyana, CA monocrop maize and CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercrop resulted in 33 and 23% higher gross margins, respectively, than conventional tillage. In Zidyana, the earthworm population was highest (48 earthworms m\uffe2\uff88\uff922in the first 30 cm) in CA monocrop maize, followed by a CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercropping (40 earthworms) and lowest (nine earthworms) in conventionally tilled treatment. In both study locations CA monocrop maize and CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercrop gave higher water infiltration than the conventional treatment. Improvements in crop productivity, overall economic gain and soil quality have made CA an attractive system for farmers in Malawi and other areas with similar conditions. However, for extensive adoption of CA by smallholder farmers, cultural beliefs that crop production is possible without the ubiquitous ridge and furrow system and residue burning for mice hunting have to be overcome.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000257"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170512000257", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170512000257", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170512000257"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-21", "description": "Short-term improved fallow technology, which is characterised by deliberate planting of fast growing N2 fixing legumes species in rotation with crops is currently being promoted for soil fertility replenishment in the small holder farms in the tropics. Recent research and extension efforts on this technology have mainly focused on a narrow range of species. There is a need to evaluate more alternative species in order to diversify the options available to farmers and hence reduce the risks of over dependence on fewer species. We evaluated twenty-two shrubby and herbaceous species for their site adaptability, biomass and nutrient accumulation, biomass quality and maize yield response to soil incorporated plant biomass after the fallow (six and twelve months) in three different field experiments on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox in western Kenya. Species which yielded large amounts ofthe most biomass N adequate for two to three maize crops were Sesbania sesban, Tephrosia vogelii, Tephrosia candida, Crotalaria grahamiana, Dodonea viscosa, Colopogonium mucunoides, Desmondium uncinatum, Glycine wightii and Macroptilium atropurpureum. Most fallow species tested recycled  10%) and polyphenol (>2%) concentrations. were found only in the shrubby species, and the (Ppolyphenol + lignin ): N ratio varied widely (0.3\u20135) amongst the species. evaluated. Maize yield increased by two-fold in the first season following the fallow phase compared with continuous maize for most species. Results suggest that there are a wide variety of legumes that could be used for use in improved fallow technologies aimed at ameliorating nutrient degraded soils and subsequently enhancing crop yields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. Gathumbi, A.I. Niang, J. de Wolf, B.A. Amadalo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021366911279"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1021366911279"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep06365", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-15", "title": "Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis", "description": "To meet the challenge of feeding a growing world population with minimal environmental impact, we need comprehensive and quantitative knowledge of ecological factors affecting crop production. Earthworms are among the most important soil dwelling invertebrates. Their activity affects both biotic and abiotic soil properties, in turn affecting plant growth. Yet, studies on the effect of earthworm presence on crop yields have not been quantitatively synthesized. Here we show, using meta-analysis, that on average earthworm presence in agroecosystems leads to a 25% increase in crop yield and a 23% increase in aboveground biomass. The magnitude of these effects depends on presence of crop residue, earthworm density and type and rate of fertilization. The positive effects of earthworms become larger when more residue is returned to the soil, but disappear when soil nitrogen availability is high. This suggests that earthworms stimulate plant growth predominantly through releasing nitrogen locked away in residue and soil organic matter. Our results therefore imply that earthworms are of crucial importance to decrease the yield gap of farmers who can't -or won't- use nitrogen fertilizer.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "agroecosystems", "Nitrogen", "growth", "n pools", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Article", "Animals", "Biomass", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "tolerance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "communities", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystem services", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06365"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep06365", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep06365", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep06365"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr9930621", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-06", "title": "The Effect Of Fire On Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization And Nitrification In An Australian Forest Soil", "description": "<p>The causes of onset of nitrification in a soil collected under an ashbed which was produced when heaped slash was burned, and for its absence in an unburnt soil, were investigated for an acid forest soil from south-eastern Australia. The occurrence of nitrification in ashbed soils was assessed in laboratory incubations extendig to 151 days to determine if it could be attributed to (a) an increase in pH, (b) an additional supply of P, (c) the removal of chemical inhibitors, and (d) the lack of competition with heterotrophs killed during soil heating. The treatments were: percolated and unpercolated ashbed soil from 0-5 and 5-10 cm depth; unburnt soil from 0-5 cm untreated and with added lime or added P; and burnt and unburnt soil from 5-10 cm depth. In addition, each treatment had an identical where the soil was inoculated with nitrifying garden soil. Compared with the unburnt surface soil (0-5 cm), ashbed soil had higher pH (3.6 units), higher mineral N (3 times) and slightly elevated NaHCO3-extractable P. During 151 days of incubation, microbial respiration in surface ashbed soil, measured as CO2 evolution, initially exceeded the values obtained in unburnt soil but then decreased to only 72% of unburnt soil at the end of the incubation period. In ashbed soil, the microbial biomass N content was low but its C/N ratio was high. Net N mineralization (Nmin) in ashbed soil was not significantly different from unburnt or phosphate fertilized soils (13.1, 14.7 and 17.8 mg N,in kg-' respectively) but was lower than in limed soil (59.3 mg Nmin kg-1). Percolation of surface ashbed soil with distilled water removed high amounts of salts and increased microbial respiration and N mineralization. Inoculation of soils with a slurry from a nitrifying garden soil induced nitrification in every treatment, regardless of their ammonium content, pH or other limiting component. Nitrification was also stimulated in unburnt surface soil on the addition of lime and P. Autotrophic nitriflers were active only in surface ashbed soils and probably in limed soils. P addition promoted heterotrophic nitrification. It was concluded that soil heating reduced competition between autotrophs and heterotrophs for ammonium and that ash supplies nutrients, such as K and Ca which stimulate nitrification. Low pH was not a limiting factor for nitrification but a high pH may promote the establishment of autotrophic nitrifiers.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr9930621"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr9930621", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr9930621", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr9930621"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr10014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-28", "title": "Effect Of Banded Biochar On Dryland Wheat Production And Fertiliser Use In South-Western Australia: An Agronomic And Economic Perspective", "description": "<p>  Effects of banded biochar application on dryland wheat production and fertiliser use in 4 experiments in Western Australia and South Australia suggest that biochar has the potential to reduce fertiliser requirement while crop productivity is maintained, and biochar additions can increase crop yields at lower rates of fertiliser use. Banding was used to minimise wind erosion risk and place biochar close to crop roots. The biochars/metallurgical chars used in this study were made at relatively high temperatures from woody materials, forming stable, low-nutrient chars. The results suggest that a low biochar application rate (~1\uffe2\uff80\uff89t/ha) by banding may provide significant positive effects on yield and fertiliser requirement. Benefits are likely to result from improved crop nutrient and water uptake and crop water supply from increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation during dry seasons and in low P soils, rather than through direct nutrient or water supply from biochars. Financial analysis using farm cash flow over 12 years suggests that a break-even total cost of initial biochar use can range from AU$40 to 190/ha if the benefits decline linearly to nil over 12 years, taking into account a P fertiliser saving of 50% or a yield increase of 10%, or both, assuming long-term soil fertility is not compromised. Accreditation of biochar for carbon trading may assist cost reduction. </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr10014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr10014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr10014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr10014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr13043", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-20", "title": "Impact Of Carbon Farming Practices On Soil Carbon In Northern New South Wales", "description": "<p>This study sought to quantify the influence of \uffe2\uff80\uff98carbon farming\uffe2\uff80\uff99 practices on soil carbon stocks, in comparison with conventional grazing and cropping, in northern New South Wales. The study had two components: assessment of impacts of organic amendments on soil carbon and biological indicators in croplands on Vertosols of the Liverpool Plains; and assessment of the impact of grazing management on soil carbon in Chromosols of the Northern Tablelands. The organic amendment sites identified for the survey had been treated with manures, composts, or microbial treatments, while the conventional management sites had received only chemical fertilisers. The rotational grazing sites had been managed so that grazing was restricted to short periods of several days, followed by long rest periods (generally several months) governed by pasture growth. These were compared with sites that were grazed continuously. No differences in total soil carbon stock, or soil carbon fractions, were observed between sites treated with organic amendments and those treated with chemical fertiliser. There was some evidence of increased soil carbon stock under rotational compared with continuous grazing, but the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) stocks were not significantly different in either of the management contrasts, but tended to show higher values in organic treatments and rotational grazing. The enzymatic activities of \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase and leucine-aminopeptidase were significantly higher in rotational than continuous grazing but statistically similar for the cropping site treatments. Relative abundance and community structure, measured on a subset of the cropping sites, showed a higher bacteria\uffe2\uff80\uff89:\uffe2\uff80\uff89fungi ratio and provided evidence that microbial process rates were significantly higher in chemically fertilised sites than organic amendment sites, suggesting enhanced mineralisation of organic matter under conventional management. The higher enzyme activity and indication of greater efficiency of microbial populations on carbon farming sites suggests a greater potential to build soil carbon under these practices. Further research is required to investigate whether the indicative trends observed reflect real effects of management.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Land Capability and Soil Degradation", "550", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon Sequestration Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Land capability and soil productivity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr13043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr13043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr13043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr13043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "First Report of Multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-I Causing Crown and Root Rot on Strawberry in Italy", "description": "Strawberry (Fragaria\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0ananassa\u00a0Duch.) is a crop of great economic importance in Italy, where it is grown in soil and under soilless conditions. In March 2019, about 30 to 35% of plants (cv. Portola) grown in a peat substrate under soilless conditions in a farm located in Cuneo Province died. The examination of 10 plants showed crown and root rot over 100% of the root/crown. Affected plants showed brown necrotic tissues in basal leaves and petiole necrosis. Crown and root tissues were cleaned thoroughly from soil residues under tap water. Portions (about 3 to 5 mm) from crowns and roots were cut and surface disinfected with a water solution of NaClO at 0.5% for 2 min and rinsed in sterile water. The tissue fragments were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate and incubated at 25\u00b0C. After 3 days, fungal colonies with septate hyphae and right-angled branching similar to\u00a0Rhizoctonia solani\u00a0were observed with high frequency (90%) (Sneh et\u00a0al. 1991). To confirm the species identity, hyphal tips were transferred from the obtained colonies to PDA and grown for 10 days at 22 \u00b1 1\u00b0C. Mycelium was light brown, compact, with radial growth. The hyphal width varied from 8.5 to 10 \u03bcm. Sclerotia were not present. DNA was then extracted from a single representative isolate (RH230), and rDNA ITS sequencing was conducted as described by\u00a0Aiello et\u00a0al. (2017). The rDNA ITS sequence of RH230 (GenBank accession no. MZ373271) was 100% identical (603/603 bp) to part of another sequence previously identified as\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I (MK583647,\u00a0Claerbout et\u00a0al. 2019). Twenty-day-old healthy plants of cultivar Portola were planted in a steam-disinfested peat soil (12-liter pots) infested with 1 g/liter of wheat kernels colonized for 10 days with the isolate RH230 to evaluate the pathogenicity. Control plants were planted in a steam-disinfested peat substrate amended with noninoculated sterilized wheat kernels. Six plants per treatments were used and kept in a greenhouse at 25 \u00b1 3\u00b0C. Crown and root rot similar to that observed in the farm developed 40 to 55 days after inoculation and resulted in 50 to 66% dead plants during two repeated trials. Fungal colonies morphologically similar to\u00a0R. solani\u00a0were consistently reisolated from affected crowns, and the resequencing of the rDNA ITS region fulfilled Koch\u2019s postulates. Control plants remained healthy.\u00a0Rhizoctonia\u00a0isolates of AG-A and AG-G anastomosis groups were found as pathogens of strawberry in Italy (Manici and Bonora 2007), while the AG4 HG-I was reported in Israel (Sharon et\u00a0al. 2007).\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I was found on other hosts (Aiello et\u00a0al. 2017); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report on strawberry in Italy. The disease could become a significant problem for soilless culture strawberry in Italy, causing severe yield losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crown rot; Rhizoctonia; Root rot; Strawberry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Disease", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "name": "item", "description": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-05", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates In Two Long-Term No-Till Experiments In Ohio", "description": "The effectiveness of no-till (NT) farming in reducing loss of soil organic matter (SOM) depends on climate and soil properties. Soil samples were obtained from two long-term experiments that were designed to study the impact of tillage systems on crop yields. However, the objectives of this experiment were to assess the impact of NT on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and other soil properties and to estimate historic depletion of SOC under different soil management practices with reference to the undisturbed wooded control. The two long-term experiments in Ohio studied were those sited at South Charleston and Hoytville. The South Charleston (83\u00b0 30' W and 39\u00b0 48' N) experiment was established in 1962 on Crosby silt loam (fine mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf). The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 10.8 \u00b0C and 1043 mm, respectively. Tillage treatments for continuous corn (Zea mays) were NT, chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP). The Hoytville (84\u00b0 04' W and 41\u00b0 03' N) experiment was established in 1987 on Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) soil. The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 9.9 \u00b0C and 845 mm, respectively. There were two crop rotations: (i) 2-year corn-soybean (Glycine max) rotation with NT and subsoiling and (ii) 3-year corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa) rotation with NT, CP, and rotational tillage soil management. The Hoytville clay site is poorly drained, has higher clay content, and higher and more even by distributed antecedent level of SOC in the soil profile than does the South Charleston silt loam soil. No-till increased SOC and N pools in the 0 to 5-cm layer in silt loam soil but had no effect in clay soil. The rate of SOC sequestration in the silt-loam soil under NT was 175 kg C ha -1  y -1 . The silt loam soil had higher SOC and N stratification ratios in NT than in MP and CP treatments, whereas the stratification ratios were low and similar in all treatments in the clayey soil. For both soils, there were no differences between tillage treatments in several soil properties including texture, available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity (K s ), and cation exchange capacity. The NT decreased soil bulk density and pH in the 0 to 15-cm layer in the silt loam soil. The plow till treatments had a small impact on soil aggregation in clayey soil. The decline in water-stable aggregates with reference to NT was no more than one sixth. In the silt loam soil, however, the water-stable aggregates in plow till treatments were merely one third of that in the NT treatment. The historic loss of the SOC pool for 0 to 30-cm depth under agricultural land use was 25 to 35% in silt loam and 19 to 25% in the clayey soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Identification of isoprene-degrading bacteria in phyllosphere and soil communities from high isoprene-emitting oil palm trees by DNA-stable isotope probing", "description": "<p>Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) on Earth, with annual global emissions almost equal to those from methane. Due to its volatile nature and high reactivity, isoprene plays a complex role in atmospheric chemistry and hence, climate. However, very little is known about its biological degradation in the environment. The vast majority of isoprene (500 Tg \uffc2\uffb7y-1) is produced by terrestrial plants and oil palm is considered one of the highest isoprene-producing trees, with estimated emissions of 175 \uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffb7g-1 dry leaves \uffc2\uffb7h-1. Oil palm is also a heavily cultivated crop since it is the source of 30% of the vegetable oil in the world and in countries such as Malaysia represents &gt;85% of total agricultural land. The vast expansion of a single crop that emits such high amounts of isoprene have raised serious concerns about its impact on air quality and climate change. We performed DNA Stable Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP) to study the isoprene-degrading community of oil palm trees in a Malaysian plantation and identified novel genera of isoprene-utilising bacteria in both oil palm soils and leaves. isoA amplicon sequencing data also confirmed that oil palm trees harbour a novel diversity of isoA genes, which encode the alpha subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase, a key enzyme in isoprene metabolism. In addition, metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from metagenomes from oil palm soil and leaf incubations and analysed to identify isoprene degradation gene clusters in these microorganisms. Finally, analysis of unenriched metagenomes showed that isoA-containing bacteria are more abundant in soils than in the oil palm phyllosphere.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Access%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "name": "item", "description": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-26", "title": "The Role Of N2o Derived From Crop-Based Biofuels, And From Agriculture In General, In Earth'S Climate", "description": "<p>             In earlier work, we compared the amount of newly fixed nitrogen (N, as synthetic fertilizer and biologically fixed N) entering agricultural systems globally to the total emission of nitrous oxide (N             2             O). We obtained an N             2             O emission factor (EF) of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff935%, and applied it to biofuel production. For \uffe2\uff80\uff98first-generation\uffe2\uff80\uff99 biofuels, e.g. biodiesel from rapeseed and bioethanol from corn (maize), that require N fertilizer, N             2             O from biofuel production could cause (depending on N uptake efficiency) as much or more global warming as that avoided by replacement of fossil fuel by the biofuel. Our subsequent calculations in a follow-up paper, using published life cycle analysis (LCA) models, led to broadly similar conclusions. The N             2             O EF applies to agricultural crops in general, not just to biofuel crops, and has made possible a top-down estimate of global emissions from agriculture. Independent modelling by another group using bottom-up IPCC inventory methodology has shown good agreement at the global scale with our top-down estimate. Work by Davidson showed that the rate of accumulation of N             2             O in the atmosphere in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries was greater than that predicted from agricultural inputs limited to fertilizer N and biologically fixed N (Davidson, E. A. 2009             Nat. Geosci             .             2             , 659\uffe2\uff80\uff93662.). However, by also including soil organic N mineralized following land-use change and NO                            x                          deposited from the atmosphere in our estimates of the reactive N entering the agricultural cycle, we have now obtained a good fit between the observed atmospheric N             2             O concentrations from 1860 to 2000 and those calculated on the basis of a 4 per cent EF for the reactive N.           </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "330", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Denitrification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-05", "title": "Soil Warming And Co2 Enrichment Induce Biomass Shifts In Alpine Tree Line Vegetation", "description": "Abstract<p>Responses of alpine tree line ecosystems to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming are poorly understood. We used an experiment at the Swiss tree line to investigate changes in vegetation biomass after 9\uffc2\uffa0years of free air CO2 enrichment (+200\uffc2\uffa0ppm; 2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932009) and 6\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming (+4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C; 2007\uffe2\uff80\uff932012). The study contained two key tree line species, Larix decidua and Pinus uncinata, both approximately 40\uffc2\uffa0years old, growing in heath vegetation dominated by dwarf shrubs. In 2012, we harvested and measured biomass of all trees (including root systems), above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground understorey vegetation and fine roots. Overall, soil warming had clearer effects on plant biomass than CO2 enrichment, and there were no interactive effects between treatments. Total plant biomass increased in warmed plots containing Pinus but not in those with Larix. This response was driven by changes in tree mass (+50%), which contributed an average of 84% (5.7\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of total plant mass. Pinus coarse root mass was especially enhanced by warming (+100%), yielding an increased root mass fraction. Elevated CO2 led to an increased relative growth rate of Larix stem basal area but no change in the final biomass of either tree species. Total understorey above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground mass was not altered by soil warming or elevated CO2. However, Vaccinium myrtillus mass increased with both treatments, graminoid mass declined with warming, and forb and nonvascular plant (moss and lichen) mass decreased with both treatments. Fine roots showed a substantial reduction under soil warming (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240% for all roots &lt;2\uffc2\uffa0mm in diameter at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth) but no change with CO2 enrichment. Our findings suggest that enhanced overall productivity and shifts in biomass allocation will occur at the tree line, particularly with global warming. However, individual species and functional groups will respond differently to these environmental changes, with consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Models", " Statistical", "Temperature", "Larix", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "Tundra", "Switzerland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-19", "title": "Drought Changes Phosphorus And Potassium Accumulation Patterns In An Evergreen Mediterranean Forest", "description": "Summary<p>  <p>Climate models predict more extreme weather in Mediterranean ecosystems, with more frequent drought periods and torrential rainfall. These expected changes may affect major process in ecosystems such as mineral cycling. However, there is a lack of experimental data regarding the effects of prolonged drought on nutrient cycling and content in Mediterranean ecosystems.</p> <p>A 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year drought manipulation experiment was conducted in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest. The aim was to investigate the effects of drought conditions expected to occur over the coming decades, on the contents and concentrations of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in stand biomass, and P and K content and availability in soils.</p> <p>Drought (an average reduction of 15% in soil moisture) increased P leaf concentration by 18\uffc2\uffb72% and reduced P wood and root concentrations (30\uffc2\uffb79% and 39\uffc2\uffb78%, respectively) in the dominant tree species Quercus ilex, suggesting a process of mobilization of P from wood towards leaves. The decrease in P wood concentrations in Quercus ilex, together with a decrease in forest biomass growth, led to an overall decrease (by approximately one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third) of the total P content in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. In control plots, the total P content in the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass increased 54\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from 1999 to 2005, whereas in drought plots there was no increase in P levels in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. Drought had no effects on either K above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground contents or concentrations.</p> <p>Drought increased total soil soluble P by increasing soil soluble organic P, which is the soil soluble P not directly available to plant capture. Drought reduced the ratio of soil soluble inorganic P\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0soil soluble organic P by 50% showing a decrease of inorganic P release from P bound to organic matter. Drought increased by 10% the total K content in the soil, but reduced the soil soluble K by 20\uffc2\uffb74%.</p> <p>Drought led to diminished plant uptake of mineral nutrients and to greater recalcitrance of minerals in soil. This will lead to a reduction in P and K in the ecosystem, due to losses in P and K through leaching and erosion, if the heavy rainfalls predicted by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) models occur. As P is currently a limiting factor in many Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems, and given that P and K are necessary for high water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency and stomata control, the negative effects of drought on P and K content in the ecosystem may well have additional indirect negative effects on plant fitness.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:19:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Contents In Long-Term Experimental Grassland Plots In The Uk (Palace Leas And Park Grass) Have Not Changed Consistently In Recent Decades", "description": "Abstract<p>A recent report of widespread declines in soil organic C (SOC) in the UK over the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 years until the early 2000s has focussed attention on the importance of resampling previously characterized sites to assess long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term trends in SOC contents and the importance of soils as a potentially volatile and globally significant reservoir of terrestrial C. We have used two sets of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental plots which have been under constant and known management for over a century and for which historical data exist that allow comparison over recent decades to determine what, if any, changes in SOC content have occurred. The plots used are the Palace Leas (PL) Meadow Hay Plots in north\uffe2\uff80\uff90east England (UK) established in 1897, and from the Park Grass (PG) Continuous Hay experiment established in 1856 at Rothamsted in south\uffe2\uff80\uff90east England. Collectively, these plots represent the only grassland sites in the UK under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term management where changes in SOC over several decades can be assessed, and are probably unique in the world. The plots have received different manure and fertilizer treatment and have been under known management for at least 100 years. In 1982, total SOC contents were determined for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9327\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm layer of six of the PL plots using measurements of SOC concentrations, bulk density and soil depth. In 2006, the same six PL plots were resampled and SOC contents determined again. Four of the plots showed no net change in SOC content, but two plots showed net loss of SOC of 15% and 17% (amounting to decreases of 18 and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) since 1982. However, these differences in total SOC content were in a similar range to the variations in bulk density (6\uffe2\uff80\uff9331%) with changing soil water content. In 1959, the soil masses and SOC concentrations to 23\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth were measured on six PG plots with fertilizer and manure treatments corresponding closely with those measured on PL. In 2002, the SOC concentrations on the same plots were measured again. On three of the PG plots, SOC concentrations had declined by 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310%, but in the other three it had increased by 4\uffe2\uff80\uff938% between 1959 and 2002. If it is assumed that the soil bulk density had not changed over this period, the losses of SOC from the top soils ranged range from 10 to 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, while the gains ranged from 4 to 7\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. When the differences with time in SOC contents for the six PL and the six PG plots were examined using paired t\uffe2\uff80\uff90tests, that is, regarding the plots as two sets of six replicate permanent grasslands, there were no significant differences between 1982 and 2006 for the PL plots or between 1959 and 2002 for the PG plots. Thus, these independent observations on similar plots at PL and PG indicate there has been no consistent decrease in SOC stocks in surface soils under old, permanent grassland in England in recent decades, even though meteorological records for both sites indicate significant warming of the soil and air between 1980 and 2000. Because the potential influences of changes in management or land use have been definitively excluded, and measured rather than derived bulk densities have been used to convert from SOC concentrations to SOC amounts, our observations question whether for permanent grassland in England, losses in SOC in recent decades reported elsewhere can be attributed to widespread environmental change.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biodiversity conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12198", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:19:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-31", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Tillage, Nutrient Application And Crop Rotation On Soil Organic Matter Quality Assessed By Nmr Spectroscopy", "description": "Abstract<p>Crop and land management practices affect both the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) and hence are driving forces for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to assess the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of tillage, fertilizer application and crop rotation onSOCin an agricultural area of southern Norway, where a soil fertility and crop rotation experiment was initiated in 1953 and a second experiment on tillage practices was initiated in 1983. The first experiment comprised 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr crop rotations with cereals only and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr cereal and 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr grass rotations with recommended (base) and more than the recommended (above base) fertilizer application rates; the second experiment dealt with autumn\uffe2\uff80\uff90ploughed (conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till) plots and direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90drilled plots (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till). Soil samples at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depths were collected in autumn 2009 and analysed for their C and N contents. The quality ofSOMin the top layer was determined by13C solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90stateNMRspectroscopy. TheSOCstock did not differ significantly because of rotation or fertilizer application types, even after 56\uffc2\uffa0yr. However, the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed a significantly higherSOCstock than the conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth after the 26\uffc2\uffa0yr of experiment, but it was not significantly different at the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depth. In terms of quality,SOMwas found to differ by tillage type, rate of fertilizer application and crop rotation. The no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed an abundance of O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C, while conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system indicated an apparently indirect enrichment in alkyl C, suggesting a more advanced stage ofSOMdecomposition. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term quantitative and qualitative effects onSOMsuggest that adopting a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system and including grass in crop rotation and farmyard manure in fertilizer application may contribute to preserve soil fertility and mitigate climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["Fertilizer application", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop rotation", " fertilizer application", " soil organic carbon (SOC)", " soil organic matter (SOM)", " tillage", " NMR spectroscopy.", "NMR spectroscopy", "Crop rotation", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "13. Climate action", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12198", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12198", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.11591/.v3i4.4696", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:19:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-04", "title": "Factors associated with Institutional delivery in Boricha district of Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&lt;p style='color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'&gt;Every year, 40 million women give birth at home without the help of a&lt;br /&gt;skilled birth attendant. In 2011, 287,000 women died during pregnancy or childbirth. Almost all these deaths occur in developing countries where mothers and children lack access to basic health care. Reports showed the low utilization of health facility for delivery service in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the utilization and factors influencing institutional delivery. Community based cross sectional study was conducted from January to February 2013/14 in Boricha District of Southern Ethiopia among mothers who gave birth in the last 1 year. Multistage sampling techniques were used to collect data from 546 mothers. Taking in to account place of birth for the last child, only 4.9% women gave birth in a health facility. Women\u2019s education level (AOR=4.4 (95% CI=1.36-14.33)), timing of firstANC visit (AOR= .03 (95% CI=0.004 - 0.205)), women\u2019s advice to deliver in a health facility during ANC (AOR = 31.15 (95% CI=2.02-479.52)), women\u2019s knowledge of birth related complications (AOR= 12.4 (95% CI=2.67-57.16)) and decision making power (AOR=0.2 (95% CI=0.060.82)) showed significant association with institutionional delivery. Institutional delivery in the study area was found to be very low. Raising\u00a0awareness on institutional delivery to maximize delivery service utilization and strengthening provision of education and counseling to deliver in health facility during antenatal care visits at individual and community level should be given due emphasis.&lt;/p&gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "1. No poverty", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.11591/.v3i4.4696"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Health%20Science%20%28IJPHS%29", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.11591/.v3i4.4696", "name": "item", "description": "10.11591/.v3i4.4696", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.11591/.v3i4.4696"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/SVDTOU", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:19:49Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Statistiques spatio-temporelles sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s agronomiques des sols agricoles en France issues de la Base de Donn\u00e9es d'Analyses de Terre (BDAT)", "description": "In France, farmers commission about 250,000 soil-testing analyses per year to assist them managing soil fertility. The number and diversity of origin of the samples make these analyses an interesting and original information source regarding cultivated topsoil variability. Moreover, these analyses relate to several parameters strongly influenced by human activity (macronutrient contents, pH...), for which existing cartographic information is not very relevant. Compiling the results of these analyses into a database makes it possible to re-use these data within both a national and temporal framework. A database compilation relating to data collected over the period 1990-2014 has been recently achieved. So far, commercial soil-testing laboratories approved by the Ministry of Agriculture have provided analytical results from more than 3,600,000 samples. After the initial quality control stage, analytical results from more than 1,900,000 samples were available in the database. The anonymity of the landholders seeking soil analyses is perfectly preserved, as the only identifying information stored is the location of the nearest administrative city to the sample site. We present in this dataset a set of statistical parameters of the spatial distributions for several agronomic soil properties. These statistical parameters are calculated for 4 different nested spatial entities (administrative areas: e.g. regions, departments, counties and agricultural areas) and for 5 time periods (1990-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014). Two kinds of agronomic soil properties are available: the first one correspond to the quantitative variables like the organic carbon content, and the second one corresponds to the qualitative variables like the texture class. For each spatial unit and temporal period, we calculated the following statistics sets: the first set is calculated for the quantitative variables and corresponds to the number of samples, the mean, the standard deviation and, the 2-,4-,10-quantiles; the second set is calculated for the qualitative variables and corresponds to the number of samples, the value of the dominant class, the number of samples of the dominant class, the second dominant class, the number of samples of the second dominant class.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth and Environmental Science", "Soils and soil sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "soil texture", "15. Life on land", "soil analysis", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Saby, Nicolas P.A., Lemercier, Blandine, Arrouays, Dominique, Walter, Christian, Gouny, Laetitia, Swidersky, Chlo\u00e9, Toutain, Beno\u00eet, Bispo, Antonio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/SVDTOU"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/SVDTOU", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/SVDTOU", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/SVDTOU"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Consumers' attitudes towards microbial applications in food production", "description": "The data was collected using an online survey as part of the research activities of the European Horizon 2020 project SIMBA (Sustainable Innovation of Microbiome Applications in the Food System). Online surveys were used to collect consumer respondent data for three food products (wheat bread, consumer potatoes and tomato sauce). These food products were selected as part of the EU Horizon 2020 SIMBA project for reflecting the diversity of food value chains in terms of organisation, technology, climatic conditions and consumption patterns across the EU. Three questionnaires corresponding to the three food products were prepared. The questionnaires consisted of four main parts: (1) socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. gender, education, income; Part One), (2) health and environmental concerns related to chemical use in farming, knowledge about microbial applications, perceived microbial health risks and attitude towards microbial applications in food production (Part Two), (3) questions for eliciting a consumer\u2019s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a food product that had been obtained through a microbial-enhanced production system with reduced or no chemical use (Part Three), and (4) questions for eliciting a respondent\u2019s food choice motives (FCMs) using de Boer et al.\u2019s (2007) FCM questionnaire (Part Four). In addition, the questionnaire had an introduction section containing information sheet about the study and a consent form. The consent form and the information sheet for safeguarding the ethical aspects of this study (e.g. data handling, privacy and potential risks to respondents) were approved by the General Assembly of the SIMBA project as well as the Social Sciences Ethics Committee of Wageningen University prior to distributing the surveys. We collected data primarily from three countries: Germany, Italy and Netherlands.The data was collected to undertake a study to support the uptake of food products that are produced and/or processed using microbial applications. The aim of the survey was to get some insights about food choice motives of consumers, and the socio-demographic and behavioural factors influencing their food choices. The survey specifically aimed to assess the preferences and perceptions, and willingness-to-pay of consumers to wheat, potato and tomato-based food products that are produced and/or processed using microbial applications.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Economics", "Social and Behavioural Sciences", "Business and Management", "Food economics", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "BM Ali", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e", "name": "item", "description": "10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18174/509232", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:05Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-16", "title": "Novel soil quality indicators for the evaluation of agricultural management practices: a biological perspective", "description": "Developments in soil biology and methods to characterize soil organic carbon have the potential to deliver novel soil quality indicators that can help to identify soil management practices that sustain soil productivity and environmental resilience. This thesis aimed at investigating the suitability of a range of soil biological and biochemical parameters as novel soil quality indicators for agricultural management. The soil parameters, selected through a literature review, comprised different labile organic carbon fractions (hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon (Hy-DOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), hot water extractable carbon (HWEC) and particulate organic matter carbon (POMC), ordered here from the smallest to the largest proportion of the total organic carbon), soil disease suppressiveness measured with a Pythium-Cress bioassay, nematode communities characterized with amplicon sequencing and qPCR, and microbial community level physiological profiling (CLPP) measured with MicroRespTM. We tested the sensitivity of the novel indicators to tillage and organic matter addition in 10 European long-term field experiments, and assessed their relationship with already existing soil quality indicators linked to soil functioning. Lastly, the results of these experimental chapters are interpreted relative to each other and to the broader body of literature on soil quality assessments. Moreover, pros and cons of the novel indicators are discussed, and possibilities and needs for future research are outlined. Reduced tillage increased carbon availability, disease suppressiveness, nematode richness and diversity, the stability and maturity of the food web, and microbial activity and functional diversity. Organic matter addition had a weaker role in sustaining soil quality, possibly due to the different compositions of the organic matter inputs in the long-term field experiments that were sampled. Random forest analysis showed that POXC was the indicator that discriminates soil management most, and structural equation modelling showed its central role in nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, erosion control and disease regulation/suppression. The novel indicators proposed here have great potential to improve existing soil quality assessment schemes, but their usefulness is still to be validated and optimized.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Life Science", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bongiorno, Giulia", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18174/509232"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18174/509232", "name": "item", "description": "10.18174/509232", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18174/509232"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1894/mh-34.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-03", "title": "Influence Of Rainfall, Type Of Range, And Brush Management On Abundance Of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus Virginianus) In Southern Texas", "description": "Assessing numerical response of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) to habitat improvement in semi-arid rangeland often is confounded by responses of populations to highly variable patterns of rainfall. During 2 years of above-average rainfall, we investigated abundance of northern bobwhites relative to type of range and treatments to reduce brush on seven ranches in southern Texas. We expected response of populations to treatment of land to be more evident when northern bobwhites were released from constraints of low precipitation. However, main factors dominating abundance were rainfall during the previous growing season and type of range. Greatest numbers of calls were in mid- productivity rangeland (potential production of forage 2,000-3,900 kg/ha), especially sandy loam, clay loam, sandy, and gravelly ridge. Treatments to reduce brush increased abundance of northern bobwhites to a limited extent and were most effective when large blocks of land were treated. Techniques that kill brush (root-plowing) were more successful in increasing populations than top- removal methods (roller-chopping). Leaving strips or mottes (large clumps of living brush and trees) in cleared areas did not enhance populations, although we caution that retaining some brush cover may be important to survival of northern bobwhites in drier years and in situations where herbaceous cover is less abundant. RESUMEN\u2014Determinar la respuesta numerica de codornices nortenas (Colinus virginianus )at ecnicas para mejorar el habitat en pastizales semiaridos es confundido por las respuestas poblacionales a patrones altamente variables de precipitacion. Durante dos anos de precipitacion ma alta que la media, investigamos la abundancia de codornices con respecto al tipo de pastizal y tratamientos para reducir arbustos en siete ranchos en el sur de Texas. Esperamos la respuesta de la poblacion al tratamiento de la tierra ser mas evidente cuando las codornices fueron liberadas de los apremios de baja precipitacion. Sin embargo, los factores mas dominantes para determinar la abundancia fueron la precipitacion durante la estacion de crecimiento anterior y el tipo de pastizal. Mas silbidos fueron registrados en los pastizales de productividad mediana (produccion de forraje potencial de 2.000-3.900 kg/ha), especialmente en pastizales con suelos marga-arenosos, marga-arcillosos, arenosos, y pastizales en bordes pedregosos. Tratamientos para reducir arbustos aumentaron la abundancia de codornices a un grado limitado y fueron mas eficaces cuando terrenos grandes fueron tratados. Los tratamientos de remocion de arbustos (remocion de rao \u00b4ces) fueron mas exitosos para incrementar la poblacion que los metodos de remocion superior (la eliminacion de biomasa aerea). Dejando bandas o grandes grupos de arbustos y arboles en areas despejadas no mejorolas poblaciones, aunque consideramos importante indicar que retener alguna cobertura arbustiva podro \u00b4a ser importante para la supervivencia de codornices en anos mas secos y en situaciones donde la cobertura herbacea es menor.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Susan M. Cooper, James C. Cathey, D. Lang Alford, Shane S. Sieckenius,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1894/mh-34.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Southwestern%20Naturalist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1894/mh-34.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1894/mh-34.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1894/mh-34.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2111/08-106.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-22", "title": "Land Use Influences Carbon Fluxes In Northern Kazakhstan", "description": "A mobile, closed-chamber system (CC) was used to measure carbon and water fluxes on four land-use types common in the Kazakh steppe ecoregion. Land uses represented crop (wheat or barley, WB), abandoned land (AL), crested wheatgrass (CW), and virgin land (VL). Measurements were conducted during the growing season of 2002 in northern Kazakhstan at three locations (blocks) 15\u201320 km apart. The CC allowed the measurement of the carbon flux components of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (RE) and soil respiration (RS), together with evapotranspiration (ET). Nonlinear regression analyse sw ere used to model gross primary production (GPP) and ET as a function of photosynthetically active radiation (Q); RE and RS were modeled based on air (Tair) and soil (Ts) temperature, respectively. GPP, RE, RS, and ET were estimated for the entire year with the use of continuous 20-min means of Q, Tair, and Ts. Annual NEE indicated that AL gained 536 g CO2 ? m 22 , WB lost 2 191 g CO2 ? m 22 , CW was near equilibrium (2 14 g CO2 ? m 22 ), and VL exhibited considerable carbon accumulation (153 g CO2 ? m 22 ). The lower GPP values of the land-use types dominated by native species (CW and VL) compared to WB and AL were compensated by positive NEE values that were maintained during a longer growing season. As expected, VL and CW allocated a larger proportion of their carbon assimilates belowground. Non\u2013growing-season RE accounted for about 19% of annual RE in all land-use types. The results of this landscape-level study suggest that carbon lost by cultivation of VLs is partially being restored when fields are left uncultivated, and that VLs are net sinks of carbon. Estimations of carbon balances have important management implications, such as estimation of ecosystem productivity and carbon credit certification. Resumen", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "abandoned fields", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2111/08-106.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rangeland%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2111/08-106.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.2111/08-106.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2111/08-106.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "Western Oregon Grass Seed Crop Rotation And Straw Residue Effects On Soil Quality", "description": "<p>Understanding the impact of crop rotation and residue management in grass seed production systems on soil quality and, in particular soil C dynamics, is critical in making long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil management decisions supporting farm sustainability. The effects of a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotation and residue management (high vs. low residue) on soil quality were investigated at three locations in Oregon, each contrasting in soil drainage classification. The crop rotations were continuous perennial grass seed production, grass/legume seed production, and grass/legume/cereal seed production. The grass species grown at each location were different and represented those most commonly produced in each environment; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub], and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). All three grass seed crop rotations and residue methods maintained high soil quality in conventional or direct seeded soils, but under some situations, soil quality was higher with continuous grass rotation and high residue. Data suggest that straw removal for value\uffe2\uff80\uff90added use, like bioenergy production, can be accomplished in the Pacific Northwest Marine climate without appreciably affecting soil quality. Furthermore, grass seed cropping systems play an important role in soil C storage and enhancement, a valuable ecosystem service in this region where grass seed is produced on land that is not suitable for production of conventional crops that require better\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soil. We conclude that by nature perennial grass seed crops promote high soil fertility and enriched soil C pools and consequently contribute to the tolerance of these systems to the use of less conservation\uffe2\uff80\uff90oriented crop management methods at times when crop loss could be potentially high. This attribute provides producers greater latitude in selecting soil and crop management options to address issues of soil fertility, pest, weed, or seed certification to minimize economic crop yield losses.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gerald Whittaker, Richard P. Dick, Gary M. Banowetz, Stephen M. Griffith, George W. Mueller-Warrant,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Abstract<p>Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilization affects soil organic N reserves, N mineralization potential, and crop response to applied N, but little information is available on the influence of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilizer (STN) management on soil organic N availability and crop response. This study was conducted to determine if STN changes soil N supplying capability to corn (Zea mays L.) after 3 yr of differential N fertilization on a Fayette silt loam soil (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in Wisconsin. Various rates of N fertilizer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93402 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were applied to corn in 1983, 1984, and 1985, and their residual effects on corn response were evaluated in 1986. Soil profile No3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels in spring 1986 were very low in all plots (48 \uffc2\uffb1 4 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 [90 cm]\uffe2\uff88\uff921), yet grain yields and N uptake were significantly increased by STN applications. Corn N uptake was linearly related to the total amount of N returned to soil in crop residues during the previous 3 yr. Increased organic N availability under high STN management was equivalent to a 78 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate, or 47% of the N fertilizer required for optimum crop yields. In aerobic incubations (40 wk) of spring 1986 soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm), STN additions increased N release only in the first few weeks. Kinetics of N mineralization were best described by a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90component model in which the active fraction (NA) of soil organic N was highly correlated with corn N uptake (r = 0.88). Simulation of field conditions showed that 95% of NA is available before crop maturity. A phosphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90borate buffer organic N availability index was significantly and consistently related to STN treatments. Relative increases in total soil organic N corresponded with the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N balance between fertilizer additions and grain removals, and were about 10 times larger than mineralizable N. These results indicate that immobilization of excess mineral N into stable soil organic N during decomposition of crop residues should be considered in determining the environmental risk of N fertilization. Although labile organic N is a small fraction of the total fertilizer N contribution to soil N, its quantification should allow a more accurate assessment of crop N needs.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2265779", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Responses Of A C-4 Grass And Three C-3 Forbs To Variation In Nitrogen And Light In Tallgrass Prairie", "description": "<p>In tallgrass prairie, high plant species diversity results not from a large number of grass species, but from a large number of forb (nongrass, herbaceous) species. Forbs exhibit morphological, life history, and ecophysiological characteristics that contrast sharply with those of the dominant C4 grasses. Success of the subdominant forbs varies strongly with topographic position and burning regime, and landscape scale patterns of abundance are well documented. But comparatively little is known about the mechanisms determining these patterns in persistent tallgrass prairie forbs. To elucidate these mechanisms, (1) leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff94level physiological characteristics of the dominant C4 grass, Andropogon gerardii, and four co\uffe2\uff80\uff94occurring C3 forbs were measured in response to natural and experimentally manipulated gradients of N availability, and (2) seasonal light environments of forbs in contrasting topographic positions and burning regimes and their morphological and physiological responses in these environments were compared to determine whether resource availability and utilization patterns contributed to patterns of forb distribution and abundance. The effects of burning regime and topographic position on maximum rate of photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (g) measured at the leaf level were not consistent with patterns of forb abundance. Nitrogen did not appear to limit forb physiological processes, even though increased N availability resulted in higher tissue N concentrations and greater biomass. There was no consistent increase in (A) or decrease in (g) in response to fertilization. However, (A) at low light levels was as much as 67% higher in fertilized Vernonia baldwinii and A. gerardii compared to unfertilized plants. Greater light availability to forbs in the canopy was associated with lower grass biomass production in uplands compared to lowlands and in unburned compared to burned sites. Forbs did not appear to adjust morphologically (leaf area and plant height) to different light environments at different sites. As a result, as much as 90% of forb leaf area in the burned lowland was displayed in low light, whereas as little as 30% of forb leaf area was in low light in the uplands at midseason. Estimates of potential whole\uffe2\uff80\uff94plant carbon uptake, based on leaf area distribution relative to available light and (A) as a function of light availability, agreed well with patterns of forb abundance and production. Differences in light availability may account for much of the variability in forb abundance related to burning regime and topographic position by limiting carbon gain in forbs more in burned lowlands than in other sites.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "C. L. Turner, Alan K. Knapp,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2265779"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2265779", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2265779", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2265779"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2425415", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-24", "title": "The Effect Of Nitrogen-Fertilization On The Production Of Halophytes In An Inland Salt-Marsh", "description": "The effect of nitrogen fertilization on plant production, soil and plant nitrogen content, and species distribution in an Ohio salt marsh was analyzed. Seasonal measurements indicate that the three dominant species attained maximal production at different times during the growing season. Production of Salicornia europaea increased with nitrogen fertilization and it appears that reduced soil nitrogen concentrations may be responsible for the different growth forms of S. europaea found in this marsh. Shoot nitrogen concentrations of S. europaea were inversely related to the growth response to fertilization. High tissue nitrogen concentrations in Hordeum jubatum and Atriplex triangularis suggest that some factor other than nitrogen is limiting to these species. INTRODUCTION A number of studies concerning production of plants in coastal salt marsh ecosystems suggest that productivity may be limited by availability of nitrogen (Tyler, 1967; Pigott, 1969; Stewart et al., 1972, 1973; Valiela and Teal, 1974; Gallagher, 1975; Patrick and Delaune, 1976; Mendelssohn, 1979b; Haines, 1979). Smart and Barko (1980) showed that although biomass was ultimately determined by the availability of nitrogen, growth rate was affected by the salinity of the sediments. Other effects of nitrogen fertilization on coastal salt marsh vegetation include: increased allocation of resources to sexual reproduction (Jefferies and Perkins, 1977), increased levels of nitrogen in the plant material (Buresh et al., 1980; Pigott, 1969) and a change in the distribution of plants in the salt marsh (Valiela et al., 1975). While these studies suggest that nitrogen may be an important limiting factor in the productivity of coastal marshes, no studies have been done to ascertain if this is true in inland salt marshes. Studies of plant production from inland saline areas (Hadley and Buccos, 1967, Hadley, 1970) have either not examined it in relation to nitrogen limitation, or else have concentrated on the response to nitrogen additions of a single species when grown under greenhouse conditions (Cords, 1960). Lack of tidal action and differences in species composition preclude the assumption that coastal and inland salt marshes respond similarly tonitrogen addition. The Atlantic coastal marshes of the United States are generally characterized by a bay-to-upland sequence of zones consisting of perennial grasses in the low marsh, giving way to annual succulents in the higher portions of the marsh (Niering and Warren, 1980). In an Ohio salt marsh this vegetational pattern was reversed. The annual species Salicornia europaea and Atriplex triangularis form two zones bordering the center of the saline pan with the perennial grass Hordeumjubatum occurring on the outer edge of the marsh, in the area of lower salinity (Ungar et al., 1979). The objectives of this study were to determine seasonal change in plant production, the effect of the nitrate and ammonium forms of nitrogen fertilization on plant production in an inland salt marsh and to determine if nitrogen deficiencies are responsible for the difference in the growth forms of Salicornia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study area is a saline pan located at the site of the Morton Salt Company, in the city of Rittman, Wayne Co., Ohio (long. 810 47' 30', lat. 400 57' 30':SW?4 Sec 12, T 18N, R 13W). Three vegetation zones characterize the site: a Hordeum jubatum zone, an Atriplex triangularis zone and a zone of Salicornia europaea that was divided into", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Irwin A. Ungar, David G. Loveland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2425415"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Midland%20Naturalist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2425415", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2425415", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2425415"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1983-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2489/jswc.72.4.361", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-24", "description": "Cover cropping is a widely promoted strategy to enhance soil health in agricultural systems. Despite a substantial body of literature demonstrating links between cover crops and soil biology, an important component of soil health, research evaluating how specific cover crop species influence soil microbial communities remains limited. This study examined the effects of eight fall-sown cover crop species grown singly and in multispecies mixtures on microbial community structure and soil biological activity using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and daily respiration rates, respectively. Fourteen cover crop treatments and a no cover crop control were established in August of 2011 and 2012 on adjacent fields in central Pennsylvania following spring oats (Avena sativa L.). Soil communities were sampled from bulk soil collected to a depth of 20 cm (7.9 in) in fall and spring, approximately two and nine months after cover crop planting and prior to cover crop termination. In both fall and spring, cover crops led to an increase in total PLFA concentration relative to the arable weed community present in control plots (increases of 5.37 nmol g\u22121 and 10.20 nmol g\u22121, respectively). While there was a positive correlation between aboveground plant biomass (whether from arable weeds or cover crops) and total PLFA concentration, we also found that individual cover crop species favored particular microbial functional groups. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were more abundant beneath oat and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops. Non-AM fungi were positively associated with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.). These cover crop-microbial group associations were present not only in monocultures, but also multispecies cover crop mixtures. Arable weed communities were associated with higher proportions of actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria. Soil biological activity varied by treatment and was positively correlated with both the size and composition (fungal:bacterial ratio) of the microbial community. This research establishes a clear link between cover crops, microbial communities, and soil health. We have shown that while cover crops generally promote microbial biomass and activity, there are species-specific cover crop effects on soil microbial community composition that ultimately influence soil biological activity. This discovery paves the way for intentional management of the soil microbiome to enhance soil health through cover crop selection.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.72.4.361"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soil%20and%20Water%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2489/jswc.72.4.361", "name": "item", "description": "10.2489/jswc.72.4.361", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2489/jswc.72.4.361"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-20", "title": "Soil Structural Shifts Caused by Land Management Practices", "description": "Long-term agricultural practices have been shown to affect soil hydro-physical properties in multiple ways. They affect the stability and distribution of soil aggregates leading to changes in water retention, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and porosity. Aggregate stability is an indicator of the resilience of aggregates to external forces. Unstable aggregates can change rapidly under different land management practices and meteorological conditions. \u039cacro-aggregates (>250 \u03bcm) are formed more rapidly and are often more sensitive to management changes. Here, four different long-term experiments, run by the SoilCare Horizon 2020 Project partners, were sampled and analyzed, in order to evaluate the impact of different agricultural management practices in the water stability of soil aggregates and the fractions distribution. Different experiments selected, include control-conventional treatment and different treatments, which are considered soil improving. The treatments are about soil cultivation (conventional ploughing-control, zero tillage, minimum tillage, strip tillage, shallow tillage) and organic input (mineral fertilization-control, residue incorporation, farmyard manure) and are selected in areas with different climatic and soil conditions. Initial results indicate that treatments with less soil disturbance present more water stable aggregates (WSA) >250 \u03bcm and higher mean weight diameters (MWD), as well as the same trend following the treatments with increased organic input. According to Tukey\u2019s Honest Significance test (<i>p</i> < 0.05), management practices are shown to have a significant impact on the WSA and MWD in most cases, but not all similar treatments in the different areas present the same results. The large macro-aggregates (>2 mm) seem to be greatly sensitive to soil cultivation, whereas the results for the small macro-aggregates (250 \u03bcm\u20132 mm) are controversial among the different tillage experiments. The different organic inputs seems to affect more the small macro-aggregates than the larger. The initial results indicate that the shifts in the soil structure cannot only be justified by the different management practices. The interrelationships and potential links with other soil properties like texture, bulk density, particulate organic matter and climate will be taken into account in further steps in order to understand the mechanisms behind the aggregation shifts.", "keywords": ["long-term experiments", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil cultivation", "A", "aggregates", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil structure", "SoilCare", "General Works", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ioanna Panagea, Jan Diels, Guido Wyseure,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030057"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/TERRAenVISION%202019", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/proceedings2019030057"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13061133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-16", "title": "Assessing Irrigation Water Use with Remote Sensing-Based Soil Water Balance at an Irrigation Scheme Level in a Semi-Arid Region of Morocco", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This study aims to evaluate a remote sensing-based approach to allow estimation of the temporal and spatial distribution of crop evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation water requirements over irrigated areas in semi-arid regions. The method is based on the daily step FAO-56 Soil Water Balance model combined with a time series of basal crop coefficients and the fractional vegetation cover derived from high-resolution satellite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery. The model was first calibrated and validated at plot scale using ET measured by eddy-covariance systems over wheat fields and olive orchards representing the main crops grown in the study area of the Haouz plain (central Morocco). The results showed that the model provided good estimates of ET for wheat and olive trees with a root mean square error (RMSE) of about 0.56 and 0.54 mm/day respectively. The model was then used to compare remotely sensed estimates of irrigation requirements (RS-IWR) and irrigation water supplied (WS) at plot scale over an irrigation district in the Haouz plain through three growing seasons. The comparison indicated a large spatio-temporal variability in irrigation water demands and supplies; the median values of WS and RS-IWR were 130 (175), 117 (175) and 118 (112) mm respectively in the 2002\u20132003, 2005\u20132006 and 2008\u20132009 seasons. This could be attributed to inadequate irrigation supply and/or to farmers\u2019 socio-economic considerations and management practices. The findings demonstrate the potential for irrigation managers to use remote sensing-based models to monitor irrigation water usage for efficient and sustainable use of water resources.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "FAO-56 soil water balance", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Science", "water", "Q", "evapotranspiration", "balance", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "irrigation", "6. Clean water", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "remote sensing", "evapotranspiration; irrigation; water; remote sensing; FAO-56 soil water balance; NDVI time series", "FAO-56 soil water", "NDVI time series"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1133/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1133/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13061133", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13061133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13061133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su12051962", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-04", "title": "Transitioning European Protein-Rich Food Consumption and Production towards More Sustainable Patterns\u2014Strategies and Policy Suggestions", "description": "<p>Global and European diets have shifted towards greater consumption of animal proteins. Recent studies urge reversals of these trends and call for a rapid transition towards adoption of more plant-based diets. This paper explored mechanisms to increase the production and consumption of plant-proteins in Europe by 2030, using participatory backcasting. We identified pathways to the future (strategies), as well as interim milestones, barriers, opportunities and actions, with key European stakeholders in the agri-food chain. Results show that four strategies could be implemented to achieve the desired future: increased research and development, enriched consumer education and awareness, improved and connected supply and value chains and public policy supports. Actions needed to reach milestones were required immediately, reinforcing the need for urgent actions to tackle the protein challenge. This study concretely detailed how idealized dietary futures can be achieved in a real-world context. It can support EU protein transition by informing policy makers and the broader public on potential ways to move towards a more sustainable plant-based future. The outputs of this analysis have the potential to be combined with dietary scenarios to develop more temporally explicit models of future dietary changes and how to reach them.</p>", "keywords": ["future", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultura", "pathways", "food security", "01 natural sciences", "stakeholders", "Econom\u00eda", "12. Responsible consumption", "sustainable agriculture", "meat substitutes", "Medio Ambiente", "plant protein", "13. Climate action", "backcasting", "value chain", "meat substitution", "europe", "diet", "plant proteins", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/5/1962/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/5/1962/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051962"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su12051962", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su12051962", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su12051962"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-31", "description": "Interest in biochar (BC) has grown dramatically in recent years, due mainly to the fact that its incorporation into soil reportedly enhances carbon sequestration and fertility. Currently, BC types most under investigation are those obtained from organic matter (OM) of plant origin. As great amounts of manure solids are expected to become available in the near future, thanks to the development of technologies for the separation of the solid fraction of animal effluents, processing of manure solids for BC production seems an interesting possibility for the recycling of OM of high nutrient value. The aim of this study was to investigate carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient dynamics in soil amended with BC from dried swine manure solids. The experiment was carried out in laboratory microcosms on a silty clay soil. The effect on nutrient dynamics of interaction between BC and fresh digestate obtained from a biogas plant was also investigated to test the hypothesis that BC can retain nutrients. A comparison was made of the following treatments: soil amended with swine manure solids (LC), soil amended with charred swine manure solids (LT), soil amended with wood chip (CC), soil amended with charred wood chip (CT), soil with no amendment as control (Cs), each one of them with and without incorporation of digestate (D) for a total of 10 treatments. Biochar was obtained by treating OM (wood chip or swine manure) with moisture content of less than 10% at 420\u00b0C in anoxic conditions. The CO2-C release and organic C, available phosphorus (P) (Olsen P, POls) and inorganic (ammonium+nitrate) nitrogen (N) (Nmin) contents at the start and three months after the start of the experiment were measured in the amended and control soils. After three months of incubation at 30\u00b0C, the CO2-C emissions from soil with BC (CT and LT, \u00b1D) were the same as those in the control soil (Cs) and were lower than those in the soils with untreated amendments (CC and LC, \u00b1D). The organic C content decreased in CT and LT to a lesser extent than in CC and LC. In soils with D (+D), the CO2-C emissions were equal to or higher than those in soils without (-D). The Nmin content increased in all treatments; the POls content decreased in the +D treatments. The incorporation of BC into soil, by reducing CO2 emissions, actually contributes to C sequestration without modifying N availability for crops. For a given N content, the BC from swine manure solids supplies much more P than the non-treated OM and, therefore, represents an interesting source of P for crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "emissions", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Italian%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "name": "item", "description": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/p02-188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "description": "<p> In the Brown soil zone of western Canada summerfallowing (F) is traditionally used to reduce the water deficit associated with cereal production, but frequent use of this practice results in soil degradation and reduces the N-supplying capacity of soils. Some scientists suggest that an annual legume green manure crop (LGM) could be used as a partial-fallow replacement to protect the soil against erosion and increase its N fertility, particularly when combined with a snow-trapping technique to replenish soil water used by the legume. We assessed this possibility by comparing yields, N economy, water use efficiency, and economic returns for hard red spring wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in rotation with Indianhead black lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) green manure (i.e., LGM-W-W) vs. that obtained in a traditional F-W-W system. Further, we assessed whether a change in manage ment of the LGM crop (i.e., moving to earlier seeding and earlier turn-down) was advantageous to the overall performance of this practice. The study was conducted over 12 yr (1988\uffe2\uff80\uff9399) on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Wheat stubble was left tall to trap snow, tillage was kept to a minimum, and the wheat was fertilized based on NO3 soil tests. When we examined results after 6 yr, we concluded that by waiting until full bloom to turn down the legume (usually late July or early August) so as to maximize N2 fixation, soil water was being depleted to the detriment of yields of the following wheat crop. The change in management of the LGM crop since 1993 resulted in wheat yields following LGM equaling those after fallow (due to improved water use efficiency), a gradual and significant increase over time in grain protein and in N yield of aboveground plant biomass of wheat in the LGM-W-W compared to the F-W-W system, plus a gradual decrease in fertilizer N requirements of wheat in the LGM system accompanying an improvement in the N supplying power of the soil. These savings in N fertilizer, together with savings in tillage and herbicide costs for weed control on partial-fallow vs. conventional-fallow areas, and higher revenues from the enhanced grain protein, more than offset the added costs for seed and management of the LGM crop. Thus, our results imply that, if producers seed the LGM in April and turn it down in early July, an annual LGM-cereal rotation is a viable option in the semiarid Canadian prairies; however, one negative consequence of adopting this management strategy is the possibility of enhancing NO3 leaching. Key words: Nitrogen yields, grain protein, green fallow, summerfallow substitute, economic returns, NO3 leaching </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "F. Selles, Yantai Gan, Robert P. Zentner, V. O. Biederbeck, Paul G. Jefferson, Reynald Lemke, C. A. Campbell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/p02-188", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/p02-188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.3sm0340", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Vegetation type controls root turnover in global grasslands", "description": "unspecifiedRoot turnover in  grasslands", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Jinsong, Sun, Jian, Yu, Zhen, Li, Yong, Tian, Dashuan, Wang, Bingxue, Li, Zhaolei, Niu, Shuli,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3sm0340"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.3sm0340", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.3sm0340", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.3sm0340"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj78", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:42Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil microbial relative resource limitation exhibited contrasting seasonal patterns along an elevational gradient in Yulong snow mountain", "description": "unspecified", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "mountain ecosystems", "13. Climate action", "microbial metabolic mechanisms", "microbial relative C limitation", "microbial relative P limitation", "C use efficiency", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "elevations"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang, Dandan, Wu, Baoyun, Li, Jinsheng, Cheng, Xiaoli,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj78"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj78", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj78", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj78"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.pb271", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:45Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Interactions among roots, mycorrhizae and free-living microbial communities differentially impact soil carbon processes", "description": "unspecifiedPlant roots, their associated microbial community and free-living soil  microbes interact to regulate the movement of carbon from the soil to the  atmosphere, one of the most important and least understood fluxes of  terrestrial carbon. Our inadequate understanding of how plant\u2013microbial  interactions alter soil carbon decomposition may lead to poor model  predictions of terrestrial carbon feedbacks to the atmosphere. Roots,  mycorrhizal fungi and free-living soil microbes can alter soil carbon  decomposition through exudation of carbon into soil. Exudates of simple  carbon compounds can increase microbial activity because microbes are  typically carbon limited. When both roots and mycorrhizal fungi are  present in the soil, they may additively increase carbon decomposition.  However, when mycorrhizas are isolated from roots, they may limit soil  carbon decomposition by competing with free-living decomposers for  resources. We manipulated the access of roots and mycorrhizal fungi to  soil in situ in a temperate mixed deciduous forest. We added 13C-labelled  substrate to trace metabolized carbon in respiration and measured  carbon-degrading microbial extracellular enzyme activity and soil carbon  pools. We used our data in a mechanistic soil carbon decomposition model  to simulate and compare the effects of root and mycorrhizal fungal  presence on soil carbon dynamics over longer time periods. Contrary to  what we predicted, root and mycorrhizal biomass did not interact to  additively increase microbial activity and soil carbon degradation. The  metabolism of 13C-labelled starch was highest when root biomass was high  and mycorrhizal biomass was low. These results suggest that mycorrhizas  may negatively interact with the free-living microbial community to  influence soil carbon dynamics, a hypothesis supported by our enzyme  results. Our steady-state model simulations suggested that root presence  increased mineral-associated and particulate organic carbon pools, while  mycorrhizal fungal presence had a greater influence on particulate than  mineral-associated organic carbon pools. Synthesis. Our results suggest  that the activity of enzymes involved in organic matter decomposition was  contingent upon root\u2013mycorrhizal\u2013microbial interactions. Using our  experimental data in a decomposition simulation model, we show that  root\u2013mycorrhizal\u2013microbial interactions may have longer-term legacy  effects on soil carbon sequestration. Overall, our study suggests that  roots stimulate microbial activity in the short term, but contribute to  soil carbon storage over longer periods of time.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "roots", "13. Climate action", "simulation model", "carbon dynamics", "Rhizosphere", "stable isotope", "plant-soil (belowground) interactions", "15. Life on land", "extra-cellular enzyme activity", "mycorrhizae"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Moore, Jessica A. M., Jiang, Jiang, Patterson, Courtney M., Wang, Gangsheng, Mayes, Melanie A., Classen, Aim\u00e9e T.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pb271"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.pb271", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.pb271", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.pb271"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-21", "title": "Straw incorporation increases crop yield and soil organic carbon sequestration but varies under different natural conditions and farming practices in China: a system analysis", "description": "<p>Abstract. Loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) from agricultural soils is a key indicator of soil degradation associated with reductions in net primary productivity in crop production systems worldwide. Simple technical and locally appropriate solutions are required for farmers to increase SOC and to improve cropland management. In the last 30 years, straw incorporation has gradually been implemented across China in the context of agricultural intensification and rural livelihood improvement. A meta-analysis of data published before the end of 2016 was undertaken to investigate the effects of straw incorporation on crop production and SOC sequestration. The results of 68 experimental studies throughout China in different edaphic, climate regions and under different farming regimes were analyzed. Compared with straw removal, straw incorporation significantly sequestered SOC (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depth) at the rate of 0.35 (range 0.31\uffe2\uff80\uff930.40)\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, increased crop grain yield by 13.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89% (range 9.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89%\uffe2\uff80\uff9318.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89%) and had a conversion efficiency of the applied straw-C as 16\uffe2\uff80\uff89%\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff892\uffe2\uff80\uff89% across the whole of China. The combined straw incorporation at the rate of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 with mineral fertilizer of 200\uffe2\uff80\uff93400\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was demonstrated to be the best combination for farmers to use with crop yield increased by 32.7\uffe2\uff80\uff89% (range 17.9\uffe2\uff80\uff89%\uffe2\uff80\uff9356.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89%) and SOC sequestrated by the rate of 0.85 (range 0.54\uffe2\uff80\uff931.15)\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Straw incorporation achieved higher SOC sequestration rate and crop yield increment when applied to clay soils, under high cropping intensities, and in areas like Northeast China where the soil is being degraded. SOC responses were the greatest in the initial starting phase of straw incorporation and then declined and finally were negligible after 28\uffe2\uff80\uff9362 years, however, crop yield responses were initially low and then increased reaching their highest level at 11\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 years after straw incorporation. Overall, our study confirmed that straw incorporation did create a positive feedback loop of SOC enhancement together with increased crop production, and this is of great practical significance to straw management as agricultural intensifies in China and other regions in the world with different climate conditions.                         </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Ecology", "Life", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10714", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:57Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Water, Weather and Climate Services for Africa: the case of Ghana and Kenya", "description": "<p>         &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Close to 80% of Sub-Saharan African farmers rely on rainfed agriculture.&amp;amp;#160; This makes it important that the weather and climate in this region is well understood, since it accounts for more than 15% of the GDP for instance in Ghana and Kenya. However, uncertainties in weather forecast and climate projections are very high in particular for this region, which leads to poor weather and climate services for agriculture production. One of the underlying factors among many is the poor conditions of weather and climate infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa.&amp;amp;#160; The Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO) together with some National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in Africa and other partners through the TWIGA project (http://twiga-h2020.eu/) are building a network of weather and hydrological stations to address this need. This network builds on the over 500 TAHMO stations in countries of interest like Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, South Africa, and Mozambique.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The observation network includes automatic weather stations, soil moisture sensors, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, distributed temperature sensing (DTS), lightning sensors, neutron counters, evaporometers, laser speckle scintillometers, accelerometers for tree weighing, intervalometer rain gauges, flood mapper using citizen science mobile applications (Apps) and crop doctor using drones and Apps. The project has accelerated the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) of these innovations with some already set up for operational purposes delivering the first set of TWIGA services such as &amp;amp;#8220;How humid is my environment?; Crop detection and condition monitoring; Weather-based alerts for citizens/farmers; Area-specific near real-time weather forecast for farmers; Crop insurance based on soil index; Plastic accumulation monitor; Short-term prediction for solar energy; and Precipitable water vapour monitoring with TWIGA GNSS stations.&amp;amp;#160;These new innovations and the services developed using the value chain approach is a game changer for Sub-Saharan Africa.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;         </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "1. No poverty", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Frank Ohene Annor, Nick van de Giesen, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10714"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10714", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10714", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10714"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:57Z", "type": "Other", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Hydrological processes and water flux quantification in agricultural fields under different tillage and irrigation systems using water stable isotopes", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sustainable agriculture should be based on management practices that improve resource usage efficiency and minimize harmful impacts on the environment while maintaining and stabilizing crop production. Both tillage and irrigation can have a great influence on hydrological processes within agroecosystems. However, it remains difficult to directly assess the effect of practices on water fluxes which has been mainly indirectly quantified by complex numerical modelling methods in the past. Therefore, the objective of the study was to use a space for time concept and measure oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (&amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;O, &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H) in the pore water of soil profiles as well as moisture contents for quantifying the soil water balance and fluxes. Covering all combinations, soil profiles and isotope analysis was performed for 16 sites planted with winter wheat and managed with different tillage (conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), minimal tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)) and irrigation systems (hose reel boom irrigation with nozzles (BI), sprinkler irrigation (SI), drip irrigation (DI) and no irrigation (NI)). The results indicated that the more intense the tillage, the lower the water content. Among the irrigation systems, DI had the highest average water content. Tracing the minimum in the isotopic composition of the pores water within the depth profiles showed a deeper percolation of water in the CT fields, which indicates higher water flow velocity. Considering both water content and differences in water flow velocities resulted in water fluxes ranging from 90 to 151 mm yr&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;. The losses due to evapotranspiration varied between 57 and 80%. The resulting evapotranspiration within tillage and irrigation variants decreased in the order RT&amp;gt;CT&amp;amp;#8776;MT&amp;gt;NT, and SI&amp;gt;BI&amp;gt;DI&amp;gt;NI. Thus, the method revealed that the lower water content in CT fields is a consequence of deeper water infiltration. Moreover, irrigation water contributed mostly to evapotranspiration, and drip irrigation showed the lowest evapotranspiration losses among irrigation systems. This study demonstrated that water stable isotopes can be used as indicators and are a promising method to quantify water fluxes in agricultural fields with great potential for evaluating management practices.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Potential of natural language processing for metadata extraction from environmental scientific publications", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Adapting agricultural management practices to changing climate is not straightforward. Effects of agricultural management practices (tillage, cover crops, amendment, &amp;amp;#8230;) on soil variables (hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, &amp;amp;#8230;) often vary according to pedo-climatic conditions. Hence, it is important to take these conditions into account in quantitative evidence synthesis. Extracting structured information from scientific publications to build large databases with experimental data from various conditions is an effective way to do this. This database can then serve to explain, and possibly also to predict, the effect of management practices in different pedo-climatic contexts.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;However, manually building such a database by going through all publications is tedious. And given the increasing amount of literature, this task is likely to require more and more effort in the future. Natural language processing facilitates this task.&amp;amp;#160; In this work, we built a database of near-saturated hydraulic conductivity from tension-disk infiltrometer measurements from scientific publications. We used tailored regular expressions and dictionaries to extract coordinates, soil texture, soil type, rainfall, disk diameter and tensions applied. The overal results have an F1-score ranging from 0.72 to 0.91.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In addition, we extracted relationships between a set of driver keywords (e.g. &amp;amp;#8216;biochar&amp;amp;#8217;, &amp;amp;#8216;zero tillage&amp;amp;#8217;, &amp;amp;#8230;) and variables (e.g. &amp;amp;#8216;soil aggregate&amp;amp;#8217;, &amp;amp;#8216;hydraulic conductivity&amp;amp;#8217;, &amp;amp;#8230;) from publication abstracts based on the shortest dependency path between them. The relationships were further classified according to positive, negative or absent correlations between the driver and variable. This technique quickly provides an overview of the different driver-variable relationships and their abundance for an entire body of literature. For instance, we were able to recover the positive correlation between biochar and yield, as well as its negative correlation with bulk density.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Soil Science", "GE1-350", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "420", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/30670/1/blanchy-g-et-al-20230413.pdf"}, {"href": "https://soil.copernicus.org/articles/9/155/2023/soil-9-155-2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/SOIL", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10065971", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:22:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Database of topsoil  chemical and physical properties in Croatia", "description": "Sources Data for database is collected from four main sources:\u00a0  Data published in book 'Martinovi\u0107, J. and Vrankovi\u0107, A. (Editors), 1997. Baza podataka o hrvatskim tlima, I. Dr\u017eavna uprava za za\u0161titu prirode i okoli\u0161a, Zagreb' labeled as 'martinovic_1997' in the database.  This source consists of 2199 pedological profiles sampled from 1963 to 1996, most of which include depth to bedrock information. Data from project: 'Spatial variability of trace and toxic metals in agricultural soils of Croatia', Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Waters. Project leader: prof.dr.sc. Marija Romi\u0107 from Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, labeled as 'agricultural_2013'.  Data are sampled from 'database of properties and quality of agricultural soils of Croatia' on 8x8 km grid and consists only from top soil samples (0-30 cm). There are 811 samples in this database. Data from the the project: 'Change in soil carbon stocks and calculation of trends in total nitrogen and organic carbon in soil and C: N ratio', from Ministry of Environmental Protection and Energy, carried on by Croatian Geological Institute (HGI), the Croatian Forestry Institute (H\u0160I) and the Agricultural Land Agency (APZ).  This dataset consists of two subsets:  'azo_2013' - 2519 samples of topsoil (0-25 cm), from 1994 to 2004 for making of Geochemistry Atlas of Croatia 'azo_2016' - 742 locations were revisited during 2015-2016 and new samples are taken and analyzed in horizons 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm. Network of piezometers Description of sources\u00a0 Martinovi\u0107, J. and Vrankovi\u0107, A. (Editors), 1997. Baza podataka o hrvatskim tlima (Database of Croatian Soils)\u00a0 The database contains data on soil profiles and covers the total area of the Republic of Croatia. Only data accepted by external control are entered in the Database, as well as those profiles for which there is a minimum data. External control of data reliability was performed by comparing the genetical-morphological characteristics of the soil determined by field research and the data of laboratory soil analyses. The profiles for which the field and laboratory analyses are found to differ are rejected. In addition to data on soil properties, basic data on pedogenetic factors are given. The soil profiles surveyed in the period 1963-1996 are entered in the database. The majority of data come from the Basic Pedological Map of Croatia (Osnovna pedolo\u0161ka karta Hrvatske - OPKH) project. The following are entered in the Database: 1347 profiles in volume I and 851 profiles in volume II, a total of 2198 pedological profiles Spatial variability of trace and toxic metals in agricultural soils of Croatia, Project Leader: Marija Romi\u0107\u00a0 The problem of exposure of agricultural soils to different anthropogenic inputs of toxic metals, but also of other potentially toxic substances, has acquired global dimensions in the last decades. Besides atmospheric deposition, environmental dispersion of chemicals used in agriculture is an important factor directly affecting the natural soil functions, or indirectly endangering the biosphere by bioaccumulation and inclusion into the food chain. Metal concentrations in soil can be generally predicted starting with the element abundance in the parent material. The extent to which pedogenesis affects heavy metals distribution varies according to the prevailing factors affecting soil processes. Because of the toxicity to plants and animals, it is important to determine their content, forms and distribution. Such hypotheses may be tested by total metal content determination, as well as other elements relevant for geochemical valorization of the agricultural soils of Croatia. Thus, the spatial variability and baseline of elements in soils will be determined by means of relevant statistical and geostatistical methods. The maps of toxic metal distribution will be produced and the suitability of soils for agriculture will be assessed. GIS is increasingly used in environmental assessment studies because of its ability to superimpose different spatial information and to combine them with the results of statistical analysis, enabling thus the detection of complex spatial relationships among different parameters. Geostatistics and multivariate statistics has been widely used in geochemical studies to identify pollution sources and to apportion natural vs. anthropogenic contribution, establishing a geochemical background as well. The main objectives of the investigation are: (i) to provide a geochemical database relevant to the agricultural soils in Croatia; (ii) to provide a detailed information about the natural variability of the geochemical background which is pertinent to administrative and legal issues as well as to safety food production and environmental protection; (iii) presenting the influence of human and other environmental activities on the soil quality mainly regarding the toxic and trace metal contents, and (iv) we are going to observe the influence of natural conditions on regional differences which have been widely neglected so far, and have not been taken into account while national regulations and guidelines on soil toxic metal contents have been established. Change in soil carbon stocks and calculation of trends in total nitrogen and organic carbon in soil and C: N ratio\u00a0 The project is funded by the Fund for Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency within the Program 'Upgrading and Development of the Environmental Information System and Improving the Monitoring and Reporting System on the State of the Environment in the Republic of Croatia', Component 2: Improving the Monitoring and Reporting System on the State of the Environment Croatia; improving the system of data collection and exchange and developing methodologies for their processing in accordance with the guidelines of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol defined by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).\u00a0 The project holder is the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Energy, and the executors are the Croatian Geological Institute, the Croatian Forestry Institute and the Agricultural Land Agency. In the period 2014-2017, field and laboratory research of soil conditions was conducted at 725 representative locations. General data on the location of sampling were collected, which contain administrative, locational, geographical and other data (relief, climatic and meteorological data, detailed data on land use and vegetation cover, description of surface soil properties). Field soil sampling for each LULUCF land use category was performed according to a modified methodology described in the EU DG JRC (Joint Research Center) 'Protocol for soil sampling to confirm changes in organic carbon stocks in the EU' by Stolbovoy et al. 2007 (Soil sampling protocol to certify the changes of organic carbon stock in mineral soil of the European Union - EU JRC). The protocol modifications aimed to ensure reporting under the UNFCCC and Kyoto protocols, i.e., to ensure compliance with the IPCC methodology. Soil sampling on forest land (FL) according to the JRC protocol is planned at two depths of 0-10 cm and 10 - 20 cm and an organic layer (list), but due to reporting requirements under the UNFCCC and Kyoto protocol, sampling was carried out at a depth of 20 - 30 cm. Land under crops (CL) was sampled at two depths (0-20 cm and 20-30 cm) and grasslands (GL), wetlands (WL), settlements (SL) and other land (OL) were sampled at three depths 0- 10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Geochemical analyzes were performed at depths of 0\u201310 and 20\u201330 cm for forest soils (FL) and for meadows and pastures (GL) while for soils under crops (CL) composite samples of 0\u201330 cm and 0\u201320 cm were analyzed. Network of piezometers To get a more accurate depth to bedrock parameter, positions of 812 piezometers are considered as they have at least 4 meters of depth to bedrock. Description of database Column names and descriptions: Metadata columns: site_key - unique identifier that identifies sample in source database\u00a0source_db - label of source database\u00a0source_sampled - label of organization/team who sampled and analyzed data\u00a0site_obsdate - year of taking sample\u00a0longitude_decimal_degrees - longitude in degrees in WGS84 geographical projection\u00a0latitude_decimal_degrees - latitude in degrees in WGS84 geographical projection\u00a0pedon_completeness_index - quality factor (0-100)\u00a0taxgrtgroup - classification of sample according to WBR 2014/2016 classification\u00a0 Soil properties columns: column name - property - measurement units - descriptionoc - Carbon, Organic - % wt - CMS analyte. Organic carbon is a measure of all organic forms of carbon in the soil, including organic carbon within minerals.\u00a0n_tot_ncs - Nitrogen, Total NCS - % wt - Total nitrogen is a measure of all organic and inorganic nitrogen, including that found in nitrogen minerals.ca_mehlich3 - Calcium, Mehlich3 Extractable \u00a0- mg/kg - The calcium extracted by the Mehlich III solution.\u00a0k_mehlich3 - Potassium, Mehlich3 Extractable - mg/kg - The potassium extracted by the Mehlich III solution.\u00a0mg_mehlich3 - Magnesium, Mehlich3 Extractable - mg/kg - The magnesium extracted by the Mehlich III solution.\u00a0p_mehlich3 - Phosphorus, Mehlich3 Extractable - mg/kg - The phosphorus extracted by the Mehlich III solution.\u00a0cec_sum - Cation Exchange Capacity, Summary \u00a0 cmol(+)/kg - The effective cation exchange capacity is calculated by BASE_SUM+AL_KCL. It is not calculated if soluble salts are present. It is reported as meq per 100 grams on a <2 mm base. CMS derived value default\u00a0ec_satp - Electrical Conductivity , Saturation Extract - dS/m - The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is used to estimate the concentration of salts in a sample, and provides inferences on cation concentration in solution and osmotic pressure. It is reported as mmhos per centimeter.\u00a0caco3 - Carbonates - % wt - Carbonate in the < 2mm fraction is measured by CO2 evolution after acid treatment. It is reported as gravimetric percent CaCO3 on a <2 mm base, even though carbonates of Mg, Na, K, and Fe may be present and react with the acidph_h2o - pH, 1:1 Soil-Water Suspension - (NA) - The pH, 1:1 soil-water suspension is the pH of a sample measured in distilled water at a 1:1 soil:solution ratio. If wider ratios increase the pH, salts are indicated.\u00a0ph_kcl - The pH, 1:1 soil-KCl suspension - (NA) - The pH, 1:1 soil-KCl suspension is the pH of a sample measured in 1.0N KCl at a 1:1 soil:solution ratio. If the pH in KCl < pH in water, Al+++ is indicated.\u00a0total_clay - Clay, Total - % wt - Total clay is the soil separate with <0.002 mm particle diameter. Clay size carbonate is included. Total clay is reported as a weight percent of the <2 mm fraction.\u00a0total_silt - Silt, Total - % wt - Total silt is the soil separate with 0.002 to 0.05 mm particle size. It is reported as a gravimetric percent on a <2 mm base.\u00a0total_sand - Sand, Total - % wt - Total sand is the soil separate with 0.05 to 2.0 mm particle diameter. It is reported as a gravimetric percent on a <2 mm base.\u00a0wpg2 - Coarse fragments - % wt - The weight fraction of particles with >2 mm diameter is reported as a gravimetric percent on a whole soil base.\u00a0db_od Bulk Density, <2mm Fraction, Ovendry - g/cc - Bulk density, oven dry (105 C) is the weight per unit volume of the <2 mm fraction, with volume measured on oven dry (105 C) natural fabric (clods). It is reported as grams per cubic centimeter on a <2 mm base.\u00a0dbr - Depth to bedrock - cm - Depth to the R horizon or similar", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10065971"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10065971", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10065971", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10065971"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10404481", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:22:10Z", "type": "Report", "title": "D.4.1 \u2013 Coaching and Capacity  Building Report, Round #1", "description": "This deliverable reports on the work related to tasks 4.1 and 4.2, carried out by consortium partners from Department of Agroecology at Aarhus University and ENoLL (European Network of Living Labs), respectively. These partners provide applicants with tools and coaching (T4.1), to ease the application process and guide them through consortium building and to design sustainable and well-thought soil health improving living labs. To provide possible applicants from all over Europe with valuable advice, NATI00NS has found mentors in 18 European\u00a0countries, who can be consulted by possible applicants.  This deliverable is written to report on the implementation and execution of tasks 4.1,\u00a0Coaching Sessions, and 4.2, Capacity Building. The tasks feed into NATI00NS\u2019 main objective,\u00a0that is enhancing the possibilities of more viable and well-planned soil health improving living\u00a0lab applications under the Mission auspices, which hopefully will lead to the establishment of\u00a0well-functioning living labs in the near future. The deliverable will provide both the public and\u00a0the funding body, with knowledge on NATI00NS\u2019 initial progress and results.  In short, the function of T4.1 has been to identify candidate Soil Health Living Lab Mentors in\u00a0all EU member states and associated countries, followed up by a process aligning the\u00a0candidates' perceptions on the meaning of a living lab and understanding the topic description\u00a0in dept by participating in on-line training sessions. This concluded in mentor candidates\u00a0signing the Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) agreements to officially become mentors and\u00a0thereby be mandated to coach possible living lab applicants within the NATI00NS framework.  Alongside the coaching of mentors, NATI00NS\u2019 has carried out capacity building, prepared and\u00a0implemented by ENoLL, the European Network of Living Labs, a NATI00NS consortium partner,\u00a0that leads online support to bolster up stakeholders around the Soil Mission (hereafter only\u00a0described as the Mission) and broaden their understanding of what a LL is. ENoLL have for this\u00a0purpose, produced e-learning materials, including factsheets and webinars. The Capacity\u00a0Building in combination with Coaching Session activities, provide information and training,\u00a0that enhance the chances of well-conceived and relevant Soil Health Living Labs being created,\u00a0by making sure living lab applicants are not only trained well by mentors with knowledge on\u00a0living lab concepts; participants will also have capacity building material available to them in\u00a0order to design and create a strong Living Lab consortium. The materials include manuals\u00a0which they can use to design a living lab. The capacity building provided by NATI00NS does, in\u00a0general, provide applicants with hands-on capacities, whether it be factsheets or webinars on\u00a0specific living lab related questions.In supporting the applicants at national level identifying It has been important to associate\u00a0skilled mentors has been of the essence. Therefore, the NATI00NS consortium has mapped\u00a0stakeholders across EU Member States and Associated Countries during most of its first\u00a0\u2018introduction and pilot\u2019 phase, to get in contact with gatekeepers in each country.  In most countries, the National Contact Point (NCP) structure, and its responsible officers\u00a0appointed either for the Mission or the Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and\u00a0Environment area, were primary contact points, since it is already an integrated part of their\u00a0job description, to support the Soil Health Mission calls. Consequently, many NCPs have taken\u00a0on the role of mentors themselves while others have tried assisting NATIOONS in finding\u00a0suitable mentor candidates, interested in acting as mentors within the NATI00NS framework.  NCPs are national structures associated to the framework programme. NCPs give personalised support on the spot and in applicants' own languages.  After reaching out to possible mentors, AU AGRO has continuously answered questions about\u00a0the scope of the mentoring work \u2013 such as the mentors\u2019 expected workload, responsibilities,\u00a0and for how long they are expected to commit to mentoring duties. In parallel, NATIOONS has\u00a0planned and implemented two training of trainers webinars that offered training to candidate\u00a0mentors, so they all could be aligned in terms of living lab concepts, practical circumstances\u00a0regarding the application process and confidentiality measures, after which they were able to\u00a0take an informed decision about becoming NATI00NS Mentors or not.All webinar participants, whether they joined for reasons of curiosity or already knew they\u00a0would commit to mentoring, were then briefed on, how it is necessary for them to read and\u00a0sign NDA-documents to officially become NATI00NS appointed Soil Health Living Lab mentors,\u00a0and thus appear on the NATIOONS website with name and contact details. NATIOONS have\u00a0since then continuously collected signed NDA documents and updated the website\u00a0accordingly, thereby expanding the number of mentors available to possible applicants.To carry out the work related to recruiting soil health living lab mentors and training them in\u00a0living lab-affiliated concepts, a number of Aarhus University\u2019s soil and farming systems\u00a0scientists and research support advisers, planned a training programme for mentors.  They have also been responsible for all communication and mapping of possible mentors, organising of the training of trainers event (I.e., training the mentors that will eventually offer\u00a0training to living lab applicants) webinars and gathering and handling Non-disclosure\u00a0Agreement (NDA) documents and FAQ by mentors and applicants. Content for webinars on\u00a0soil health and living labs, have been created and presented by the NATI00NS partners who\u00a0also produced the slides for the National Engagement Events \u2013 another NATIOONS activity\u00a0belonging to another work package, which will be described in its own deliverable.  Additionally, a senior officer from the Aarhus University\u2019s Research Support Office, with great\u00a0experience in providing support for framework programme applicants, provided webinar\u00a0attendants with important guidance on application practices.  The Capacity Building (CB) efforts plays a pivotal role in the NATI00NS project, to ensure the\u00a0success of the Mission. Its main objective is to guarantee the submission of high-quality\u00a0applications for the first two sets of topics aimed at establishing Living Labs (LLs) in 2023 and\u00a02024. These efforts are led by the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as part of Work\u00a0Package 4, 'Supporting Proposal Applicants.'\u00a0NATI00NS\u2019 Capacity Building brings together a comprehensive range of essential training and\u00a0guidance activities tailored specifically for applicants interested in the LL topics related to the\u00a0Mission. At its core, Capacity Building provides online support materials for stakeholders\u00a0involved in the Mission. These materials include a series of e-learning resources, such as\u00a0Factsheets and recorded webinars, offering information about the criteria governing Soil\u00a0Health LLs and the objectives of the Missions within the context of various land use types. Thisinitiative sets the stage for prospective LL applicants in the future.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Krabbe, Kasper, Couture, Isabelle, Cavallo, Dolinda,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10404481"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10404481", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10404481", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10404481"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:23:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic matter content (om) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin", "description": "UPDATE: WE FOUND A RENDERING ERROR IN MANY AREAS OF THE 5 CM MAP. WE HAVE RECREATED THE MAP AND INCLUDED IN A NEW VERSION OF THE REPOSITORY. Repository includes maps of organic matter content (% wt) as defined by United States soil survey program. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds. Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal. File Name Details: ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (_CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are &gt;3000). Predictions are also evaluated with the U.S. soil survey laboratory database soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The SOC measurements were coverted to OM matter values using the common 1.724 conversion factor. The converted OM values are compared to predicted OM values using an accuracy plot (OM_SOC_plots.tif). Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence: property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension Example: om_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif Indicates soil organic matter content (om) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling. The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below). _95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI. References Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "digital soil mapping", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "predictive soil mapping", "soil property mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nauman, Travis", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=2.+Zero+hunger&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=2.+Zero+hunger&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=2.+Zero+hunger&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=2.+Zero+hunger&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 9511, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-09T13:41:57.989118Z"}