{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.5281/zenodo.16894966", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:07Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-02-22", "title": "Management of alternative water resources for variable rate irrigation - a Hungarian case study", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Most of the climate scenarios predict increased water scarcity in arid areas, such as Hungary. However, the irrigated area in Hungary covers 2% of agricultural land, mostly with outdated irrigation technology. The aim of the research was to develop the basis of a variable rate irrigation for water-saving precision sprinkler irrigation system on an arable area (85 ha) which is located in the reference area of the Tisza Riven Basin. There is limited available water resources at the site, therefore alternative water sources utilization system was set up for irrigation to adapt to climate change and reduce fertilizers. The basis of the alternative water resources are excess water, treated wastewater, biogas fermentation sludge which is collected in a water reservoir with 114000 m3 capacity. For proper irrigation scheduling, heterogeneity of topography, hydrological, soil and crop conditions has to be explored and monitored. Therefore physically-based modelling of the water balance and remote sensing-based surplus water and &amp;#160;vegetation status surveying are tested to use for accurate irrigation scheduling.Shallow groundwater and/or soil compaction can also contribute to excess inland water. This may occur even if there are drought periods in a year (e.g. in the Pannonian region), resulting in spots with a low crop yield. A LiDAR-based digital elevation model was found to provide appropriate data to identify sites affected by excess inland water. The spots identified can be used as spatial input data to compile a variable rate irrigation prescription map for imposing reduced (or zero) irrigation at areas more vulnerable to the occurrence of excess inland water. The water balance was also assessed for sites with physically-based models. Hydrus was used to model soil moisture changes at the Hungarian case study site.A model concept for crop evapotranspiration estimation was also developed based on vegetation indices calculated from satellite imagery. Several combinations of sensors and remote sensing products were tested to use in ETc modelling potentially. This approach was tested both at the Hungarian case study sites. Remote sensing-based analysis of crop evapotranspiration, combined with physically-based modelling, appears to be a promising method in water balance modelling of maize fields, especially if these fields are in summer when the crop is fully developed. However, the remotely sensed information verification is essential for the proper utilization of the remote sensing data in ETc modelling and predicting the spatio-temporal dynamics of crop yield, evapotranspiration, and irrigation demands.There is a need further benchmark scenarios to improve both physically-based models and satellite-based crop evapotranspiration models to achieve more accurate and valid simulations.The abstract was funded by European Union&amp;#8217;s Horizon 2020 &amp;#8220;WATERAGRI Water retention and nutrient recycling in soils and steams for improved agricultural production&amp;#8221; research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 858375. This research was supported by the J&amp;#225;nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16894966"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.16894966", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.16894966", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.16894966"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic matter content (om) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin", "description": "UPDATE: WE FOUND A RENDERING ERROR IN MANY AREAS OF THE 5 CM MAP. WE HAVE RECREATED THE MAP AND INCLUDED IN A NEW VERSION OF THE REPOSITORY. Repository includes maps of organic matter content (% wt) as defined by United States soil survey program. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds. Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal. File Name Details: ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (_CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are &gt;3000). Predictions are also evaluated with the U.S. soil survey laboratory database soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The SOC measurements were coverted to OM matter values using the common 1.724 conversion factor. The converted OM values are compared to predicted OM values using an accuracy plot (OM_SOC_plots.tif). Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence: property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension Example: om_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif Indicates soil organic matter content (om) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling. The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below). _95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI. References Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "digital soil mapping", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "predictive soil mapping", "soil property mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nauman, Travis", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5574882", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:24Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Hyperspectral imaging for high resolution mapping of soil profile organic carbon distribution in an Austrian Alpine landscape", "description": "<p>         &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Studies on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks mostly focus on topsoils (&amp;lt; 30 cm). However, 30 to 63% of the SOC are stored in the subsoils (30 to 100 cm), and the factors controlling SOC storage in subsoils may be substantially different than in topsoils. The low mean SOC content in subsoils makes its quantification and characterization challenging. Thus, new approaches are required to depict the SOC stocks distribution in full soil profile. Hyperspectral imaging of soil core samples can provide high spatial resolution of the vertical distribution of SOC in a soil profile. The main objective of the ongoing study, within the Horizon 2020 European Project Circular Agronomics, is to apply laboratory hyperspectral imaging with a variety of machine learning approaches for the mapping of OC distribution in undisturbed soil cores. Soil cores were collected down to a depth of one meter in grasslands of 15 organic farms located in the Lungau Valley, in Austria. Some samples were divided into five depths in the field for classical bulk soil measurements (total carbon and nitrogen, texture, pH, EC and bulk density) on disturbed samples. Undisturbed soil cores were sliced vertically for laboratory hyperspectral imaging in the range of Vis-NIR (400-1000 nm). We were able to reveal the hotspots of OC and map the OC distribution in soil profile by applying a variety of machine learning approaches (i.e. partial least square and random forest regression) as a function of spectral responses. A digital elevation model was further exploited to investigate the effects of topographical factors such as elevation, aspect and slope on SOC profile distribution. Landsat 8 data were also used to depict the spatial variability of land insensitive cover/vegetation in study area.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;         </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vis-NIR imaging spectroscopy", " Alpine grassland", " Digital elevation model", " Subsoils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "YASER OSTOVARI, K\u00f6ppend\u00f6rfer, Baptist, Guigue, Julien, Van Groenigen, Jan Willem, Creamer, Rachel, Guggenberger, Thomas, Grassauer, Florian, Hobley, Eleanor, Ferron, Laura, Martens, Henk, K\u00f6gel-Knabner, Ingrid, Vidal, Alix,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5574882"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5574882", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5574882", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5574882"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6320617", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "MOSSO_SoilChemistry_AllSites_Monthly_2016-2020", "description": "<strong>Abstract</strong> The dataset provides information about the soil chemical properties at eight permanent LTER sites (named site 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, according to the LTER site numerations), located between 2686 (site 10) and 2854 m a.s.l. (site 6). The investigated period is 2016-2020. Details: Site 1 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'22.43'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'25.84'E; elevation: 2840 m a.s.l.), Site 2 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'22.17'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'38.07'E; elevation: 2800 m a.s.l.), Site 3 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'13.52'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'35.01'E; elevation: 2770 m a.s.l.), Site 6 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'32.21'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'31.87'E; elevation: 2854 m a.s.l.), Site 7 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'29.13'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'44.71'E; elevation: 2813 m a.s.l.), Site 8 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'27.74'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'56.86'E; elevation: 2749 m a.s.l.), Site 9 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'23.80'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd53'3.96'E; elevation: 2720 m a.s.l.), and Site 10 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'21.76'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd53'9.32'E; elevation: 2686 m a.s.l.). The bedrock is primarily micaschists, with some inclusions of amphibolites and calcschists. The vegetation of the sites is included in the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdSiliceous alpine and boreal grasslands\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd (habitat 6150, according to the EU Habitat Directive). At each site, consisting of paired plots for soil and vegetation survey, three 9 m<sup>2 </sup>plots are established, where three topsoil samples (A horizon, 0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd10 cm depth) are collected each month during the snow-free season. On soil samples the following analysis are performed: N-NH4, N-NO3, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), microbial carbon (Cmicr), and microbial nitrogen (Nmicr). <strong>Method Description</strong> Each soil sample consists of three subsamples that are homogenised by sieving at 2 mm. An aliquot of 20 g of fresh soil is extracted with 100 mL K2SO4 0.5 M, while 10 g are fumigated using chloroform for 18 h before extraction with 50 mL K2SO4 0.5 M. The concentration of DOC in not fumigated soil extracts (extractable DOC) is determined with a TOC analyzer (Elementar, Vario TOC, Hanau, Germany) after filtration with 0.45 \ufffd\ufffdm nylon membrane filters. The microbial carbon (Cmicr) is estimated as the difference in extractable DOC between fumigated and non-fumigated samples, corrected using a recovery factor of 0.45 (Brookes et al. 1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90144-0). Extractable N-NH4 concentration in soil extracts is measured spectrophotometrically (U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) using a modified Berthelot method based on the reaction with salicylate in the presence of alkaline sodium dichloroisocyanurate (Crooke and Simpson 1971, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740220104). Extractable N-NO3 concentration in soil extracts is measured spectrophotometrically (U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) using the Greiss reaction (Mulvaney 1996, ISBN-10: \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 0891188258; ISBN-13: \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 978-0891188254) modified according to Cucu et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-013-0893-4). Extractable TDN is measured as reported for DOC. Extractable DON is determined as the difference between extractable TDN and inorganic nitrogen (extractable N-NH4 + N-NO3) in the extracts. Nmicr is estimated from the difference in extractable TDN between fumigated and non-fumigated samples corrected using a recovery factor of 0.54 (Brookes et al. 1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90144-0). <strong>Instrumentation</strong> Spectrophotometer U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan (N-NH4 and N-NO3) Elementar, Vario TOC, Hanau, Germany (DOC and TDN)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Freppaz, Michele, Colombo, Nicola,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6320617"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6320617", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6320617", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6320617"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7656722", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:37Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: The effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis", "description": "Open Access<strong><em>Data description</em></strong> This dataset includes detailed information about five different types of land use change reported in \u201cThe effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis (Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108402)\u201d. Lists of five different types of land use change 1) conversion of primary forest to cropland 2) conversion of primary forest to grassland 3) conversion of cropland to forest 4) conversion of grassland to forest 5) conversion of grassland to cropland Lists of detailed information Land use change (pre-LUC, post-LUC) Country, Location, Geographic position (Longitude, Latitude) Altitude (m) Climate zone Weather [rainfall (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>) and temperature (\u00b0C)] Reported time of change (years) Vegetation type (pre-LUC, post-LUC) Fertilizer (pre-LUC, post-LUC: type, application; change) Soil sampling depth (cm) Soil type [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil pH, bulk density, CEC [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil organic carbon [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil total nitrogen [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil total phosphorus [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil C:N [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil C:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil N:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Reference <em><strong>Data collection method</strong></em> We analyzed five different types of LUC: 1) conversion of primary forest to cropland, 2) conversion of primary forest to grassland, 3) conversion of cropland to forest, 4) conversion of grassland to forest, and 5) conversion of grassland to cropland. We classified primary forest as forest that had not previously been cleared and used for other land uses. The conversion of cropland or grassland to forest includes naturally generated and intentionally planted forest. Cropland is land used for growing agricultural crops and may include short pasture phases, and grassland is land used continuously for grazing purposes, but may include occasional and repeated pasture-renewal phases. While we tried to make categorical distinctions between these land-use types, land uses are often more fluid in practice, which may not always have been stated in the publications underlying our data compilation. When a paper reported both contents and stocks, we used the stock-based measure. We used reported stocks if the original work had already been corrected to equivalent soil mass (Ellert and Bettany, 1995) or if corrected stocks had been reported in previous reviews or meta-analyses (Don et al., 2011; Poeplau et al., 2011; Guo and Gifford, 2002). Where bulk-density correction had not been applied, we tried to make those corrections to estimate changes to equivalent soil mass if studies provided sufficient information on soil bulk density and depth, using the method of Zhang et al. (2004). If that was not possible, we used the reported SOC, TN, or TP contents. <em><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></em> We thank scientists who measured, analyzed, and published the data compiled for this study. We are especially grateful to Drs. Axel Don, Christopher Poeplau, Lex Bouwman, and Gaihe Yang, who provided their global meta-data through personal communication. D.-G.K. acknowledges support from the IAEA CRP D15020. M.U.F.K and L.L.L. were supported by the Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) of New Zealand\u2019s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "land-use change", " greenhouse gas emissions", " soil", " carbon", " nitrogen", " phosphorus", " stoichiometry", " time", " temperature", " rainfall", " forest type", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656722"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7656722", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7656722", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7656722"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7687513", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:38Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Effects of a fungal invasion on soil bacteria", "description": "<strong>Presentation by F.Pinzari at The World Congress of Soil Science 2022, which took place in Glasgow from 31st July - 5th August 2022</strong> Abstract: <strong>Effects of a fungal invasion on soil bacteria </strong> Pinzari F.<sup>1,2</sup>, Clark M.D.<sup>1</sup>, Misra R.<sup> 3</sup>, Chooneea D.<sup>3</sup>, Xu X.-M.<sup>4</sup>, Jungblut A.D.<sup>1</sup> <sup>1</sup>Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK <sup>2</sup>Institute for Biological Systems, Council of National Research of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo (RM), Italy <sup>3</sup>Core Research Laboratories, Molecular Biology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom <sup>4</sup>National Institute of Agricultural Botany, East Malling Research Station (EMR), East Malling, UK Fungal bioinoculants have a vast potential in agriculture because they can help increase crop yields and quality and reduce the application of chemicals. Their effectiveness has been widely tested (Malus\u00e0 et al., 2016). However, little is known about the effect of bioinoculants on microbial assemblages in non-rhizospheric soil. A sudden artificial introduction of a fungal species in soil could theoretically impact the biodiversity of local microbial communities and lead to changes in nutrient availability (van Elsas et al., 2012). We assessed the impact of a competitive fungal inoculum, the globally-used biofertiliser <em>Trichoderma afroharzianum </em>T22, on soil microcosms to understand 1) to what extent the native microbial community richness and relative abundance are influenced by a fungal strain introduced to soil; 2) whether microbial taxa are resilient to the disturbance caused by the fungus; 3) how far the bioinoculant impacts the soil microorganisms functions. We used bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (Illumina) and a shotgun metagenomic analysis (Oxford Nanopore Sequencing) to analyse the microbial communities in bioreactors after seven weeks of incubation with and without the fungus. The presence of the fungus had a negative impact on the abundance of some groups of bacteria, such as the genus <em>Pseudomonas, </em>and it stimulated the presence of species metabolically linked to the fungus, including chitin degrading Chitinophagaceae. In conclusion, the results suggest that more than an impact on bacteria's overall biodiversity, the fungus has favoured some groups at the expense of others, even creating new food webs and trophic niches. <strong>References</strong> Malus\u00e0 E, Pinzari F, Canfora L (2016) Efficacy of Biofertilizers: Challenges to Improve Crop Production. In: D.P. Singh et al. (eds.), Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity: Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity, pp.17-40 Springer India doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2644-4_2 van Elsas JD, Chiurazzi M, Mallon CA, Elhottova D, Kristufek V, Salles JF. (2012) Microbial diversity determines the invasion of soil by a bacterial pathogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 24;109(4):1159-64. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1109326109.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil", " Trichoderma", " invasion", " microbial community", " bioinoculants", " T22", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pinzari, Flavia, Jungblut, Anne D., Clark, M.D., Misra, R., Xu, X.-M., Chooneea, D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7687513"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7687513", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7687513", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7687513"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7695462", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:38Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Knowedge needs and gaps on soil and land management", "description": "Soil health is vital for many ecosystem services. The Horizon Europe (HE) Mission \u201cA Soil Deal for Europe\u201d aims to accelerate the transition to sustainable soil and land management and healthy soils through an am-bitious transdisciplinary research and innovation (R&amp;I) programme, largely based on actor engagement, Liv-ing Labs and Lighthouses. The H2020 Soil Mission Support (SMS) project supported the implementation of the HE Mission, and aimed to improve the coordination of R&amp;I on sustainable soil and land management. Through a co-creation process together with actors, SMS collated available knowledge, actors R&amp;I needs and identified R&amp;I gaps that need to be addressed for successful transition towards sustainable soil and land management.<br> The first step was to identify existing R&amp;I knowledge through a keyword-based analysis of scientific literature published and peer reviewed, related to sustainable soil and land management. The literature analysis ad-dressed the full range of societal challenges, soil health objectives, land use types and knowledge domains necessary to capture the socio-ecological complexity of soil health. Covering some 15,700 scientific articles, this literature analysis represents the current peer reviewed knowledge stock on sustainable soil and land management. A textual analysis using the digital platform CorTexT was undertaken to explore the identified literature and submitted to project consortium internal experts, who analysed and processed the collected information of their respective area of expertise (Annex III). The literature analysis revealed that the societal challenges \u201creduce soil degradation\u201d and \u201cimprove disaster control\u201d have been studied extensively. Con-versely, the societal challenges \u201cmitigate land take\u201d and \u201cincrease biodiversity\u201d and the knowledge domains \u201cscience-based policy support\u201d and \u201cawareness, training &amp; education\u201d are less discussed. Factsheets present-ing the results of the literature analysis per societal challenge were developed and can be found in Annex VIII. Note that as the key-word based literature search was limited to Scopus-indexed scientific journals, other publishing formats such as conference papers, books, book chapters, non-digitalized articles, grey literature, reports, patents, etc., may be underrepresented or not included in the used data base. The exclusive use of Scopus-indexed scientific articles provided quality insurance of the material through the publication peer-review system. Nonetheless, important documents and knowledge have been incorporated by the consor-tium experts when analysing the collected literature.<br> The second step was to consult actors through online workshops and surveys in order to gain a practice-oriented \u2018real-life\u2019 picture of current knowledge and R&amp;I needs for swift implementation of sustainable soil and land management. This step was seen as complementary of the published and peer-reviewed literature.<br> Finally, after exploring our stocktaking of R&amp;I from existing knowledge evidenced by literature review and the actor\u2019s knowledge needs identified from actor consultations, we identified R&amp;I gaps. The main knowledge gaps across all Mission Objectives were of socio-economic nature: drivers and causes of land degradation, knowledge management, governance and policies for inciting improved management, and interaction with other sectors are not sufficiently understood. Second, the HE Missions\u2019 focus on improving soil literacy was supported by the literature analysis and by the actor consultation, which both revealed knowledge gaps re-lated to education and capacity building in all land use types and domains affecting soil health: production, consumption, trade, policy and governance. Thirdly, there is a gap in the long-term implementation of a new mode of knowledge co-design, where researchers and practitioners together develop solutions for sustaina-ble soil and land management in a real-world context. The HE Missions\u2019 focus on Living Labs and Lighthouses has the potential to close this gap. Finally, there is a need to define several concepts (e.g. soil health, soil degradation, footprint). Such definitions should be shared and will be a basis to identify relevant indicators and respective thresholds, and to develop guidelines to support monitoring programmes in order to translate knowledge into evidence for decision making.<br> The outcome of the deliverable is a list of validated R&amp;I gaps across all Mission Objectives which will feed into the SMS roadmap and the HE Mission.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mason, Elo\u00efse, L\u00f6bmann, Michael, Matt, Mireille, Sharif, Ibrat, Maring, Linda, Ittner, Sophie, Bispo, Antonio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695462"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7695462", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7695462", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7695462"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7695641", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:38Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Soil and land management ontology reference document", "description": "The Soil Mission Support (SMS) project supports the European Commission and the Mission Board of the Horizon Europe<br> Mission in the area of Soil Health and Food in delivering its objectives and related targets. It is assumed that the<br> Soil Mission and its related objectives and specific targets can only be achieved through healthy soils and for that,<br> stakeholder engagement is needed. Healthy soils are defined as soils that are in good chemical, biological and physical<br> condition and thus are able to continuously provide as many ecosystem services as possible (EC, 2021a). Stakeholders<br> are defined as those who are affected in their interest or concern by changes in soil and land management (Brils et al.,<br> 2022).<br> With multi-stakeholder processes, language and use of language is very important. The capability to understand each<br> other is critical. Communication difficulties originate to a large extent from the \u2018jargon\u2019 used in the different communities.<br> A common language facilitates \u2018learning together\u2019 which helps to build trust, develop a common view on the issues<br> at stake, resolve conflicts and arrive at joint solutions that are technically sound and that can be implemented in<br> practice. Ontology defines a common vocabulary for those who, for example, need to converse about a common issue<br> or share information in a specific domain.<br> In first instance the shared domain of discourse was defined and then at different levels of hierarchy:<br> \u00b7 Primary objects of relevance for the domain of discourse were selected;<br> \u00b7 The inter-relational links between these objects was conceptualized (conceptual model); and<br> \u00b7 These objects were defined in a representational vocabulary (a common language).<br> The domain of discourse covers soil and land management aimed to achieve the first six (of the eight) Soil Mission<br> objectives, which are: 1. reduce desertification, 2. conserve soil organic carbon stocks, 3. stop soil sealing and increase<br> re-use of urban soils, 4. reduce soil pollution and enhance restoration, 5. prevent erosion, and 6. improve soil structure<br> to enhance soil biodiversity.<br> The first level of hierarchy covers soil and land and its use. At this level the following objects have been selected, interrelated<br> in a conceptual model (i.e. visual of soil and land-use) and defined in a common language: soil, land, landuse<br> and land-use types (including: urban, industrial, agriculture, forest, nature and protected land).<br> The second level of hierarchy covers soil management. At his level the following objects have been selected, interrelated<br> in a conceptual soil management model and defined in a common language: soil management (including: soil<br> management strategy, measures, program of measures), soil ecosystems (including: ecosystem services, pressures,<br> healthy soil ecosystems), users (stakeholders) and information.<br> Lastly, the third level of hierarchy covers the achievement of the first six Soil Mission objectives. At this level the<br> most relevant objects related to each of these objectives are selected and interrelated to their position in the DPSIR<br> (Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response) framework which is at this 3rd level superimposed on the soil management<br> model as used for level 2.<br> The remaining two Soil Mission objectives, i.e. 7. reduce the EU global footprint on soils and 8. improve soil literacy in<br> society, do not directly relate to the actual management of soil and land. However, also for these mission objectives<br> some important objects have been selected and defined in a common language.<br> Experts in the SMS project \u2013 jointly covering the fields of expertise related to all the 8 Soil Mission objectives \u2013 developed<br> this ontology. This ontology should now be used in soil policy and management practice, such as Living Labs. In<br> such settings, the ontology can be improved through interaction with stakeholders from different backgrounds, further<br> increasing its value.<br> The key-recommendations are:<br> \u00b7 use this ontology in soil policy and management practice (e.g. Living Labs)<br> \u00b7 soil policy makers and managers should promote its use in such practice<br> \u00b7 use the feedback from stakeholders to further improve the ontology<br> In support of the dissemination of this document a policy brief is prepared and attached as annex in this document.<br> Both documents are made publicly available via de SMS website: https://www.soilmissionsupport.eu/outputs", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nougues, Laura, Brils, Jos,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695641"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7695641", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7695641", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7695641"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8089699", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-28", "title": "High-resolution and three-dimensional mapping of soil texture of China", "description": "The lack of detailed three-dimensional soil texture information largely restricts many applications in agriculture, hydrology, climate, ecology and environment. This study predicted 90 m resolution spatial variations of sand, silt and clay contents at a national extent across China and at multiple depths 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360, 60\u2013100 and 100\u2013200 cm. We used 4579 soil profiles collected from a national soil series inventory conducted recently and currently available environmental covariates. The covariates characterized environmental factors including climate, parent materials, terrain, vegetation and soil conditions. We constructed random forest models and employed a parallel computing strategy for the predictions of soil texture fractions based on its relationship with the environmental factors. Quantile regression forest was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions. Results showed that the predicted maps were much more accurate and detailed than the conventional linkage maps and the SoilGrids250m product, and could well represent spatial variation of soil texture across China. The relative accuracy improvement was around 245\u2013370% relative to the linkage maps and 83\u2013112% relative to the SoilGrids250m product with regard to the R2, and it was around 24\u201326% and 14\u201319% respectively with regard to the RMSE. The wide range between 5% lower and 95% upper prediction limits may suggest that there was a substantial room to improve current predictions. Besides, we found that climate and terrain factors are major controllers for spatial patterns of soil texture in China. The heat and water-driven physical and chemical weathering and wind-driven erosion processes primarily shape the pattern of clay content. The terrain, wind and water-driven deposition, erosion and transportation sorting processes of soil particles primarily shape the pattern of silt. The findings provide clues for modeling future soil evolution and for national soil security management under the background of global and regional environmental changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Digital soil mapping", "13. Climate action", "Large extent", "Machine learning", "Environmental factors", "Uncertainty", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8089699"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8089699", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8089699", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8089699"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:43Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5846/stxb201105220671", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-20", "description": "Litter decomposition is an important component of nutrient cycling and carbon decomposition in grassland ecosystems,and livestock grazing has been a major human intervention to these process.The effects of grazing on litter decomposition vary with climate environment conditions and grassland vegetation types.Alpine mesophytic meadow and alpine semi-hydric marsh meadow are the two rangeland ecosystems commonly seen on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which differentiate themselves by not only the physic/bio environments but also the plant species composition and therefore the litter qualities.In order to understand grazing effects on the litter decomposition of these two meadows,grazed and fenced plots were set respectively on the both meadows.The rates of decomposition and nutrient release were measured for the three littler samples(mesophytic meadow mixed litter,Deschampsia caespitos litter,and Potentilla anserine litter) in the alpine mesophytic meadow plots,and three litter samples(semi-hydric marsh mixed litter,Carex muliensis litter\u3001Kobresia tibetica litter) in the semi-hyddric marsh meadow plots.The four species generally also represented the dominant species showing respectively in the reverse succession series driven by grazing and climate warming.It was found that there were significant differences in litter decompositions for the dominant species.In alpine mesophytic meadow,Potentilla anserine decomposed faster than Deschampsia caespitos,while in alpine semi-hydric meadowKobresia tibetica decomposed more quickly.Grazing accelerated the litter decomposition in general,but the responses varied with the species.On the other hand,Deschamp siacaespitos and Carex muliensis have lower decomposition rates in the grazed plots.Grazing has little effect on organic carbon decomposition and the release of C,but positively affected on the release of N and P from the litters.The patterns of litter decomposition and nutrient release of the dominant species suggested that there might exist a positive feedback effect in the alpine marsh meadow degradation due to the accelerating decomposition rate and C release along the reverse succession series.In addition,Potentilla anserine,a typical dominant species of in degraded meadow,was found to have higher litter quality and faster decomposition rate than the other species,reflecting that in the mesophytic community,the plant adopted 'evasion strategy' rather than 'resistance strategy' in response to heavy grazing.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u738b\u5fd7\u8fdc Wang Zhiyuan, \u5b59\u5e9a Sun Geng, \u5434\u5b81 Wu Ning, \u7f57\u5149\u8363 Luo Guangrong, \u5f20\u8273\u535a Zhang Yanbo, \u7f57\u9e4f Luo Peng, \u725f\u6210\u9999 Mou Chengxiang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201105220671"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Ecologica%20Sinica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5846/stxb201105220671", "name": "item", "description": "10.5846/stxb201105220671", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5846/stxb201105220671"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:19Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2022-04-02", "title": "Additional file 1 of Rhizosheath\u2013root system changes exopolysaccharide content but stabilizes bacterial community across contrasting seasons in a desert environment", "description": "Additional file 1. Result S1. Analysis of rhizosheath sand composition. Result S2. Analysis of cultivable bacteria. Table S1. Climatic conditions throughout the year in Ksar Ghilane, Sahara Desert (Tunisia); data elaborated from https://www.worldweatheronline.com ; data as reported as monthly average measurement from January 2019 to now. Table S2. List of FISH probes used and conditions applied; probe sequence (5\u2019-3\u2019), attached fluorochrome (fluor.), bacterial target group, percentage of formaldehyde (FA) used during treatment, and references are also reported. Table S3. Number of KTUs and sequences used for each sample. RH: rhizosphere, RS: rhizosheath, RT: root tissue, BS: bulk sand. Table S4. Humidity (RH%) and temperature (T\u00b0C) measured in summer (June, 2016) and winter (November, 2016) for bulk sand and belowground speargrasses (i.e., plant rhizosheath\u2013root system, RS). Table S5. Physico-chemical analyses conducted on bulk sand (BS) and rhizosheath matrix (RS) collected in summer (S) and winter (W). Table S6. PERMANOVA pair-wise comparison test of physico-chemical conditions (Table S5) in rhizosheath (RS) and bulk sand (BS) collected during summer (S) and winter (W) seasons. Table S7. Multivariate test (pairwise comparison) of beta-diversity associated with root tissue, rhizosheath, rhizosphere, and bulk sand. Table S8. Mean and standard error of multivariate dispersions from centroid calculated for each compartment (within-betadiversity). Table S9. Relative importance of different ecological processes in the assembly of bacterial community associated with the rhizosheath-root system compartments and bulk sand in two contrasting seasons. Table S10. Generalized linear model univariate test indicates the KTUs contributing to the difference in bulk soil among summer and winter. Table S11. Tukey\u2019s honest significance difference (TukeyHSD) pairwise comparison tests for the degree, betweenness and keystone species detected across the four co-occurrence networks, namely bulk sand winter, bulk sand winter summer, rhizosheath\u2013root system winter and rhizosheath\u2013root system summer. Table S12. List of bacterial isolates, PGP activity, and abiotic resistance tested in vitro. Figure S1. Stipagrostis pungens rhizosheath-root system. Figure S2. Rarefaction curves of bacterial reads obtained by pair-ends MiSeq Illumina sequencing in bulk sand, rhizosheath, rhizosphere, and root tissues. Figure S3. Visualization of Stipagrostis pungens rhizosheath with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Figure S4. SEM images and electron micrographs of the sand grains and root tissue within the rhizosheath of Stipagrostis pungens using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to reveal chemical composition. Figure S5. Localization of bacteria in rhizosheath-root system by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Figure S6. Bacterial KTUs distribution across samples. Figure S7. Venn diagram shows the distribution of bacterial KTUs across compartment categories. Figure S8. Alpha diversity expressed as richness (number of KTUs) and Shannon diversity across the compartment categories. Figure S9. Quantification of betadiversity components in bulk sand bacterial communities across seasons (summer and winter). Figure S10. Alpha diversity expressed as richness (number of KTUs) and Shannon diversity across the compartments in summer and winter. Figure S11. Venn diagrams showing the number of KTUs present in summer and/or in winter in each compartment category. Figure S12. Analysis of 2-fold change was performed to evaluate the KTUs that had a significantly (p &lt; 0.01) different relative abundance (2-fold change) over summer and winter. Figure S13. Taxonomy of co-occurrence network degrees in bulk sand and rhizosheath matrix across seasons. Figure S14. Microcosms to evaluate sand wettability in vitro. Evaluation of sand weight at 48 h and along the entire incubation (0, 24 and 48 h).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marasco, Ramona, Fusi, Marco, Mosqueira, Maria, Booth, Jenny Marie, Rossi, Federico, Cardinale, Massimiliano, Michoud, Gr\u00e9goire, Rolli, Eleonora, Mugnai, Gianmarco, Vergani, Lorenzo, Borin, Sara, De Philippis, Roberto, Cherif, Ameur, Daffonchio, Daniele,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "name": "item", "description": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.6084/m9.figshare.7987250", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:22Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-04-12", "title": "Dataset S4 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.", "description": "It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, <i>Arabidopsis halleri</i> and <i>Arabidopsis arenosa</i>, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several <i>A. halleri</i> genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions\u2019.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Preite, Veronica, Sailer, Christian, Syllwasschy, Lara, Bray, Sian, Ahmadi, Hassan, Kr\u00e4mer, Ute, Yant, Levi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7987250"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.6084/m9.figshare.7987250", "name": "item", "description": "10.6084/m9.figshare.7987250", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.6084/m9.figshare.7987250"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.6084/m9.figshare.7987292", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-04-12", "title": "Dataset S1 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.", "description": "It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, <i>Arabidopsis halleri</i> and <i>Arabidopsis arenosa</i>, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several <i>A. halleri</i> genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions\u2019.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Preite, Veronica, Sailer, Christian, Syllwasschy, Lara, Bray, Sian, Ahmadi, Hassan, Kr\u00e4mer, Ute, Yant, Levi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7987292"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.6084/m9.figshare.7987292", "name": "item", "description": "10.6084/m9.figshare.7987292", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.6084/m9.figshare.7987292"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11585/996230", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-10", "title": "Beyond PLFA: Concurrent extraction of neutral and glycolipid fatty acids provides new insights into soil microbial communities", "description": "The analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) is one of the most common methods used to quantify the abundance, and analyse the community structure, of soil microbes. The PLFA extraction method can yield two additional lipid fractions\u2014neutral lipids and glycolipids\u2014which potentially hold additional, valuable information on soil microbial communities. Yet its quantitative sensitivity on complete neutral lipid (NLFA) and glycolipid fatty acid (GLFA) profiles has never been validated. In this study we tested (i) if the high-throughput PLFA method can be expanded to concurrently extract complete NLFA and GLFA profiles, as well as sterols, (ii) whether taxonomic specificities of signature fatty acids are retained across the three lipid fractions in pure culture strains, and (iii) whether NLFAs and GLFAs allow soil-specific fingerprinting to the same extent as PLFA analysis. By adjusting the polarity of chloroform with 2% ethanol for solid phase extraction, pure lipid standards were fully fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. Sterols eluted in the neutral lipid fraction, and a betaine lipid co-eluted with phospholipids. We found consistent taxonomic specificities of fatty acid markers across the three lipid fractions by analysing pure culture extracts representative of soil microbes. Fatty acid profiles from soil extracts, however, showed stronger differences between PLFAs, NLFAs, and GLFAs than between soil types. This indicates that PLFAs and NLFAs signify different community properties (biomass vs. carbon storage, putatively), and that GLFAs are sensitive markers for community traits which behave differently than PLFAs. Although we consistently found high abundances of characteristic sterols in fungal extracts, the PLFA extraction method only yielded miniscule amounts of ergosterol from soil extracts. We argue that concomitant measurement of fatty acid profiles from all three lipid fractions is a low-effort and potentially information-rich addition to the PLFA method, and discuss its applicability for soil microbial community analyses.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "0303 health sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil lipids", "03 medical and health sciences", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "NLFA", "Ergosterol", "Ergosterol; GLFA; NLFA; Phospholipid fatty acids; Soil lipids", "Phospholipid fatty acid", "soil lipids", "Phospholipid fatty acids", "106022 Microbiology", "GLFA", "106026 Ecosystem research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11585/996230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11585/996230", "name": "item", "description": "11585/996230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11585/996230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:75008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-04", "title": "Plant footprint decreases the functional diversity of molecules in topsoil organic matter after millions of years of ecosystem development", "description": "AbstractAim<p>Theory suggests that the diversity of molecules in soil organic matter (SOM functional diversity) provides key insights on multiple ecosystem services. We aimed to investigate how and why SOM functional diversity and composition change as topsoils develop, and its implications for key soil functions (e.g., from nutrient pool to water regulation).</p>Location<p>We reported data on 16 soil chronosequences globally distributed in nine countries from six continents.</p>Time Period<p>2016\uffe2\uff80\uff932017.</p>Major Taxa Studied<p>Soil microbes (bacteria and fungi) and vascular plants.</p>Methods<p>SOM functional diversity and composition without mineral interference were measured using diffuse reflectance mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). We aimed to characterize the main environmental factors related to SOM functional diversity and composition. Also, we calculated the links among SOM functional diversity and key soil functions.</p>Results<p>We found that SOM functional diversity declines after millions of years of soil formation (pedogenesis). We further showed that increases in plant cover and productivity led to a higher ratio of reduced (e.g., alkanes) over oxidized carbon forms (i.e., C: O\uffe2\uff80\uff90functional groups ratio), which was positively correlated to SOM functional diversity as soils age. Our findings indicated that the plant footprint (i.e., the accumulation of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived material promoting the C: O\uffe2\uff80\uff90functional group ratio) would explain the reduction of SOM functional diversity as ecosystems develop. Moreover, the dissimilarity in SOM composition consistently increased with soil age, with the soil development stage emerging as the main predictor of SOM dissimilarity across contrasting biomes.</p>Main Conclusions<p>Our global survey contextualized the natural history of SOM functional diversity and composition during long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil development. Together, we showed how plant footprint drives the losses of SOM functional diversity with increasing age, which might provide a novel mechanism to explain typically reported losses in ecosystem functions during ecosystem retrogression.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1959.7/uws:75008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.7/uws:75008", "name": "item", "description": "1959.7/uws:75008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.7/uws:75008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-02", "title": "Microbial Community Composition And Carbon Cycling Within Soil Microenvironments Of Conventional, Low-Input, And Organic Cropping Systems", "description": "This study coupled stable isotope probing with phospholipid fatty acid analysis ((13)C-PLFA) to describe the role of microbial community composition in the short-term processing (i.e., C incorporation into microbial biomass and/or deposition or respiration of C) of root- versus residue-C and, ultimately, in long-term C sequestration in conventional (annual synthetic fertilizer applications), low-input (synthetic fertilizer and cover crop applied in alternating years), and organic (annual composted manure and cover crop additions) maize-tomato (Zea mays - Lycopersicum esculentum) cropping systems. During the maize growing season, we traced (13)C-labeled hairy vetch (Vicia dasycarpa) roots and residues into PLFAs extracted from soil microaggregates (53-250 \u03bcm) and silt-and-clay (<53 \u03bcm) particles. Total PLFA biomass was greatest in the organic (41.4 nmol g(-1) soil) and similar between the conventional and low-input systems (31.0 and 30.1 nmol g(-1) soil, respectively), with Gram-positive bacterial PLFA dominating the microbial communities in all systems. Although total PLFA-C derived from roots was over four times greater than from residues, relative distributions (mol%) of root- and residue-derived C into the microbial communities were not different among the three cropping systems. Additionally, neither the PLFA profiles nor the amount of root- and residue-C incorporation into the PLFAs of the microaggregates were consistently different when compared with the silt-and-clay particles. More fungal PLFA-C was measured, however, in microaggregates compared with silt-and-clay. The lack of differences between the mol% within the microbial communities of the cropping systems and between the PLFA-C in the microaggregates and the silt-and-clay may have been due to (i) insufficient differences in quality between roots and residues and/or (ii) the high N availability in these N-fertilized cropping systems that augmented the abilities of the microbial communities to process a wide range of substrate qualities. The main implications of this study are that (i) the greater short-term microbial processing of root- than residue-C can be a mechanistic explanation for the higher relative retention of root- over residue-C, but microbial community composition did not influence long-term C sequestration trends in the three cropping systems and (ii) in spite of the similarity between the microbial community profiles of the microaggregates and the silt-and-clay, more C was processed in the microaggregates by fungi, suggesting that the microaggregate is a relatively unique microenvironment for fungal activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00911.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-27", "title": "Determination Of The Fate Of C-13 Labelled Maize And Wheat Exudates In An Agricultural Soil During A Short-Term Incubation", "description": "Summary<p>A broader knowledge of the contribution of carbon (C) released by plant roots (exudates) to soil is a prerequisite for optimizing the management of organic matter in arable soils. This is the first study to show the contribution of constantly applied13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled maize and wheat exudates to water extractable organic carbon (WEOC), microbial biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90C (MB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C), and CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C evolution during a 25\uffe2\uff80\uff90day incubation of agricultural soil material. The CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C evolution and respective \uffce\uffb413C values were measured daily. The WEOC and MB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C contents were determined weekly and a newly developed method for determining \uffce\uffb413C values in soil extracts was applied. Around 36% of exudate\uffe2\uff80\uff90C of both plants was recovered after the incubation, in the order WEOC &lt; MB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C &lt; CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C for maize and MB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C &lt; WEOC &lt; CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C for wheat. Around 64% of added exudate\uffe2\uff80\uff90C was not retrieved with the methods used here. Our results suggest that great amounts of exudates became stabilized in non\uffe2\uff80\uff90water extractable organic fractions. The amounts of MB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C stayed relatively constant over time despite a continuous exudate\uffe2\uff80\uff90C supply, which is the prerequisite for a growing microbial population. A lack of mineral nutrients might have limited microbial growth. The CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C mineralization rate declined during the incubation and this was probably caused by a shift in the microbial community structure. Consequently, incoming WEOC was left in the soil solution leading to rising WEOC amounts over time. In the exudate\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated soil additional amounts of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived WEOC (up to 110 \uffce\uffbcg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and MB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C (up to 60 \uffce\uffbcg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921) relative to the control were determined. We suggest therefore that positive priming effects (i.e. accelerated turnover of soil organic matter due to the addition of organic substrates) can be explained by exchange processes between charged, soluble C\uffe2\uff80\uff90components and the soil matrix. As a result of this exchange, soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived WEOC becomes available for mineralization.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. Gattinger, F. Buegger, M. Marx, J. C. Munch, A. Zsolnay,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00911.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00911.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00911.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00911.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-06", "title": "Ecosystem service delivery of agri-environment measures: A synthesis for hedgerows and grass strips on arable land", "description": "Abstract   In north western Europe, agricultural systems are generally managed to maximize the potential delivery of provisioning ecosystem services. This has often been at the expense of other ecosystem services. Because the current supply of most ecosystem services is insufficient to meet the increasing demand, particular attention to ecosystem service delivery and hence multifunctionality in agriculture is vital. In this paper, we quantitatively assessed the impact of hedgerows and grass strips bordering parcels with annual arable crops on the simultaneous delivery of a set of ecosystem services and from there we identified synergies and trade-offs on virtual parcels. After a systematic literature search, mixed models were applied on observations from 60 studies and quantitative effect relationships between ecosystem service delivery and hedgerow and grass strip characteristics were developed. Next to the hedgerow, until a distance of twice the hedgerow height, arable crop yield was reduced by 29%. Beyond this distance, until 20 times the hedgerow height, crop yield was increased by 6%. Compared to a similar arable parcel without hedgerow or grass strip, soil carbon stock was 22% higher in the hedgerow, on average 6% higher in the adjacent parcel next to the hedgerow and 37% higher in the upper 30\u00a0cm soil layer in the grass strip. Both hedgerows and grass strips intercepted nitrogen from the surface (69% and 67%, respectively) and subsurface (34% and 32%, respectively) flow and phosphorus (67% and 73%, respectively) and soil sediment (91% and 90%, respectively) from the surface flow. More natural predator species were found on parcels with hedgerows, but the number of predators was unaffected. On parcels with grass strips, both predator density and diversity was higher and aphid density was reduced. Our calculations on parcel level indicate that the trade-off between arable crop yield and regulating ecosystem services depends on hedgerow width and height and parcel dimensions. A similar trade-off is found on parcels with grass strips, but increasing grass strip width results in a proportionally higher delivery of regulating ecosystem services.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-20", "title": "Greening And Producing: An Economic Assessment Framework For Integrating Trees In Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract   Environmental measures in an agricultural context often lead to extra constraints in current farming. This suggests trade-offs between the environmental objectives and profitability. Whether trade-offs exist, or may be turned into win-win, depends on creative farm options to comply new constraints. This paper concentrates on Ecological Focus Areas as a new EU Common Agricultural Policy greening requirement, and investigates profitability changes of two greening options with permanent woody elements, hedgerows and alley cropping. We predicted discounted gross margins for a hedgerow and alley cropping greening option and four market scenarios on a representative arable farm in Flanders (Belgium). Starting from the tree row, over a distance of 1.64 times the tree height, relative crop yield is 70% as compared to a treeless situation. Between 1.64 and 9.52 times the tree height, relative yield is 107%. Beyond that point, the effect is considered negligible. Discounted gross margins are calculated to account for the time horizon. Relative discounted gross margins at farm level, compared to the business as usual option, vary between 91% and 108%, depending on market conditions and policy support. The calculations show that fulfilment of the 5% ecological focus area greening requirement on arable farms with hedgerows and alley cropping only becomes economically competitive to the traditional cropping systems with extra financial stimuli (e.g. greening payments). We also show and discuss how the calculations can be fine-tuned and used in policy making, e.g. by i) getting better insights in the tree-crop interactions, ii) including the effect of e.g. crop type, tree species, tree line space and tree line orientation in the meta-information, iii) evaluating this conditional competitiveness and suggesting a better linking between subsidy level and ecological value and ecosystem services and iv) exploring novel valorization channels for wood products.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-04", "title": "Contribution Of Green Manure Legumes To Nitrogen Dynamics In Traditional Winter Wheat Cropping System In The Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract   Excessive application of N fertilizer in pursuit of higher yields is common due to poor soil fertility and low crop productivity. However, this practice causes serious soil depletion and N loss in the traditional wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China. Growing summer legumes as the green manure (GM) crop is a viable solution because of its unique ability to fix atmospheric N 2 . Actually, little is known about the contribution of GM N to grain and N utilization in the subsequent crop. Therefore, we conducted a four-year field experiment with four winter wheat-based rotations (summer fallow-wheat,  Huai  bean\u2013wheat, soybean\u2013wheat, and mung bean\u2013wheat) and four nitrogen fertilizer rates applied to wheat (0, 108, 135, and 162\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha) to investigate the fate of GM nitrogen via decomposition, utilization by wheat, and contribution to grain production and nitrogen economy through GM legumes. Here we showed that GM legumes accumulated 53\u201376\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha per year. After decomposing for approximately one year, more than 32\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha was released from GM legumes. The amount of nitrogen released via GM decomposition that was subsequently utilized by wheat was 7\u201327\u00a0kg N/ha. Incorporation of GM legumes effectively replaced 13\u201348% (average 31%) of the applied mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Additionally, the GM approach during the fallow period reduced the risk of nitrate-N leaching to depths of 0\u2013100\u00a0cm and 100\u2013200\u00a0cm by 4.8 and 19.6\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha, respectively. The soil nitrogen pool was effectively improved by incorporation of GM legumes at the times of wheat sowing. Cultivation of leguminous GM during summer is a better option than bare fallow to maintain the soil nitrogen pool, and decrease the rates required for N fertilization not only in the Loess Plateau of China but also in other similar dryland regions worldwide.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang Dabin, Yao Pengwei, Cao Weidong, Zhao Na, Yu Changwei, Gao Yajun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-26", "title": "Simulating water lateral inflow and its contribution to spatial variations of rainfed wheat yields", "description": "Spatial variations of crop yields are commonly observed in typical rainfed systems worldwide. It is accepted that such variations are likely to be associated, among other factors, with water spatial variations due to lateral water flows occurring in fields with undulating topography. However, some of the main processes governing water spatial distribution such as lateral flow are not entirely considered by the most commonly adopted crop simulation models. This brings uncertainty to the process of yield simulation at field-scale, especially under water-limited conditions. Although it is expected that lateral water movement determines spatial variations of crop yields, it is still unclear what is the net contribution of lateral water inflows (LIF) to spatial variations of rainfed yields in fields of undulating topography. In this sense, by combining field experimentation, simulation models (HYDRUS-1D and AquaCrop), and the use of artificial neural networks, we assessed the occurrence and magnitude of LIF, and their impact on wheat yields in Cordoba, Spain, over a 30-year period. Seasonal precipitation varied over 30 years from 212.8 to 759.5 mm, and cumulative LIF ranged from 30 to 125 mm. The ratio of seasonal cumulative LIF divided by seasonal precipitation varied from 10.7% to 38.9% over the 30 years. The net contribution of LIF to spatial variations of rainfed potential yields showed to be relevant but highly irregular among years. Despite the inter-annual variability, typical of Mediterranean conditions, the occurrence of LIF caused simulated wheat yields to vary + 16% from up to downslope areas of the field. The net yield responses to LIF, in downslope areas were on average 383 kg grain yield (GY) ha\u22121, and the LIF marginal water productivity reached 24.6 ( \u00b1 13.2) kg GY ha\u22121 mm\u22121 in years of maximum responsiveness. Decision makers are encouraged to take water spatial variations into account when adjusting management to different potential yielding zones within the same field. However, this process is expected to benefit from further advances in in-season weather forecasting that should be coupled with a methodological approach such as the one presented here. This research received funding from the European Commission under project SHui - Grant agreement ID 773903 and also from the Spanish Government under Grant PID2019-105793RB-I00. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-08-26", "title": "Carbon Sequestration In Tropical And Temperate Agroforestry Systems: A Review With Examples From Costa Rica And Southern Canada", "description": "Deforestation in the tropics, and fossil fuel burning in temperate regions contribute to the largest flux of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Therefore, land-use systems that increase the soil organic matter (SOM) pool and stabilize soil organic carbon (SOC) need to be implemented. Agroforestry systems have the potential to sequester atmospheric carbon (C) in trees and soil while maintaining sustainable productivity. The potential to sequester C in agroforestry systems in tropical and temperate regions is promising, but little information is available to date. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the history of agroforestry and to outline differences in management practices between tropical and temperate systems. This review focuses on C inputs, SOC pools and SOC stabilization with highlights from Costa Rican and Canadian systems, and their role in C sequestration and trading. The potential to sequester C in aboveground components in agroforestry systems is estimated to be 2.1 \u00d7 10 9 Mg C year \u22121 in tropical and 1.9 \u00d7 10 9 Mg C year \u22121 in temperate biomes. However, the type of agroforestry systems and their capacity to sequester C vary globally. For example, alley cropping is an agroforestry practice where trees are integrated with crops, therefore storing C in the woody components of the trees and in the soil, with a continual addition of organic material from tree prunings and crop residues. Studies from Costa Rica have shown that a 10-year-old system with E. poeppigianasequestered C at a rate of 0.4 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 in coarse roots and 0.3 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 in tree trunks. Tree branches and leaves are added to the soil as mulch, contributing 1.4 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 in addition to 3.0 Mg ha \u22121 year \u22121 from crop residues. This resulted in an annual increase of the SOC pool by 0.6 Mg ha \u22121 year \u22121 . Despite the two crop rotations in tropical agroforests, C input from crop residues is similar between the two biomes. The total organic matter input, however, is still greater in tropical systems due to the larger addition from tree prunings. This greater input does not necessarily increase the SOC pool significantly when compared to a temperate system of similar age as a result of faster turnover rates of the SOM pool. \u00a9 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-18", "title": "Responses Of Soil Microbial Biomass And N Availability To Transition Strategies From Conventional To Organic Farming Systems", "description": "Abstract   Organic farming can enhance soil biodiversity, alleviate environmental concerns and improve food safety through eliminating the applications of synthetic chemicals. However, yield reduction due to nutrient limitation and pest incidence in the early stages of transition from conventional to organic systems is a major concern for organic farmers, and is thus a barrier to implementing the practice of organic farming. Therefore, identifying transition strategies that minimize yield loss is critical for facilitating the implementation of organic practices. Soil microorganisms play a dominant role in nutrient cycling and pest control in organic farming systems, and their responses to changes in soil management practices may critically impact crop growth and yield. Here we examined soil microbial biomass and N supply in response to several strategies for transitioning from conventional to organic farming systems in a long-term field experiment in Goldsboro, NC, USA. The transitional strategies included one fully organic strategy (ORG) and four reduced-input strategies (withdrawal of each or gradual reduction of major conventional inputs\u2014synthetic fertilizers, pesticides (insecticides/fungicides), and herbicides), with a conventional practice (CNV) serving as a control. Microbial biomass and respiration rate were more sensitive to changes in soil management practices than total C and N. In the first 2 years, the ORG was most effective in enhancing soil microbial biomass C and N among the transition strategies, but was accompanied with high yield losses. By the third year, soil microbial biomass C and N in the reduced-input transition strategies were statistically significantly greater than those in the CNV (averaging 32 and 35% higher, respectively), although they were slightly lower than those in the ORG (averaging 13 and 17% lower, respectively). Soil microbial respiration rate and net N mineralization in all transitional systems were statistically significantly higher than those in the CNV (averagely 83 and 66% greater, respectively), with no differences among the various transition strategies. These findings suggest that the transitional strategies that partially or gradually reduce conventional inputs can serve as alternatives that could potentially minimize economic hardships as well as benefit microbial growth during the early stages of transition to organic farming systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-01", "title": "Changes In Intrasystem N Cycling From N-2-Fixing Shrub Encroachment In Grassland: Multiple Positive Feedbacks", "description": "Nitrogen-fixing species can increase both the availability and cycling of nitrogen (N) in ecosystems. Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) is an exotic woody shrub associated with N2-fixing actinomycetes that forms dense patches in disturbed landscapes (i.e., riparian zones adjacent to crop systems, old fields and agricultural grasslands) throughout the midwestern United States. We used paired plots dominated by either E. umbellata or C3 grassland to test whether the shrub encroachment altered pools and fluxes of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in the soil. Annual mean of NO3\u2010N concentrations in soil water collected from porous cup tension lysimeters every 2 weeks for 1 year was 20 times higher in soil beneath E. umbellata compared to grassland vegetation. Temporal variation in NO3\u2010N leaching occurred in the shrubencroached plots, with more nitrate leaching in the dormant season relative to the growing season. Potential net N mineralization, nitrification rates, and extractable N in the surface 10 cm of soil were also higher below E. umbellata. Following establishment of N2-fixing shrub patches for 7\u201013 years, the soil C:N ratio showed a declining trend due to lower total soil C rather than an increase in N. Labile carbon pools (i.e., microbial biomass C (MBC) and soil respiration rates) were lower in surface soil below E. umbellata, which demonstrated an additional positive feedback between encroachment of E. umbellata and N export. Less demand for mineralized N due to associated N2 fixation, coupled with higher rates of nitrification and lower microbial demand for N collectively contributed to higher export of N below the E. umbellata patched relative to the grassland system. Thus, areas invaded by this exotic N2-fixing species may function as N sources rather than the N conserving systems typically expected early successional communities following agricultural abandonment. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-14", "title": "Promising Indicators For Assessment Of Agroecosystems Alteration Among Natural, Reforested And Agricultural Land Use In Southern Brazil", "description": "Microbiological soil-quality indicators, especially related to C and N cycles, and microbial diversity may be useful tools to determine whether a particular environment responds to an imposed management or reclamation strategy. External influences such as forest clearance and soil management affect biological indicators making them useful to point out whether the land use strategy is sustainable. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to assess the utility of some soil chemical and microbiological properties and 16S rDNA diversity in bacteria domain and their significance as soil-quality indicators in different land use systems in southern Brazil, Parana State. Nine sites with soil originated from basalt (Rhodic Ferralsol), previously covered with the Atlantic native forest were evaluated: a native forest tract as reference; three sites artificially reforested with native species, but with understory differently managed; secondary forest naturally regenerated from abandoned pasture; artificially reforested with eucalyptus; two wheat-cropped sites at differing vegetative stages; one site in fallow. Twenty-four chemical and microbiological properties and their derivatives were assessed, in addition to molecular diversity of bacteria domain based on denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Amongst all variables, the most dissimilar along the sites were total organic C, microbial biomass C and N, and ammonification rate. Total organic C was highest in the native forest, followed by secondary forest, eucalyptus and the artificially reforested sites; the wheat-cropped and fallow sites produced the lowest values. This trend was also observed for ammonification rate, which was closely correlated to organic C. Microbial biomass C and N were also higher in the reforested sites, whereas for microbial N biomass, the eucalyptus site resembled to the wheat-cropped and fallow sites. The DGGE analysis revealed that the fallow, eucalyptus and wheat-cropped sites had less bacterial diversity. All the sites reforested with native species grouped with the native forest, while the eucalyptus, fallow and wheat-cropped sites formed separate clusters. A similar clustering pattern was observed when all chemical and microbiological properties were considered in a grouping analysis. The results for reforestation employing native species tended to be similar to those of the stable native forest, while the use of an exotic species (eucalyptus) tended to be similar to those of the cropped sites. In addition, the fallow site showed general unfavorable trends in microbiological indicators and less bacterial diversity, suggesting that such soil management is not sustainable at least in subtropical areas. In this case, would be preferable provide the soil with vegetal covering that increase the organic C inputs and consequently microbial diversity and activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-18", "title": "The Practical Use Of Water Management Based On Soil Redox Potential For Decreasing Methane Emission From A Paddy Field In Japan", "description": "Abstract   Water management is one of the most effective options in decreasing methane (CH4) emission from a paddy field. We have proposed the water management based on soil redox potential (Eh) named \u2018Eh control\u2019, and demonstrated the effectiveness of Eh control in decreasing CH4 emission in pot experiments. The objective of the present study was to consider the practicability of Eh control under field conditions.  Two-year experiments were carried out in a paddy field at the Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan in 2003 and 2004. Experimental factors were water management and rice (Oryza sativa L., cultivar: Koshihikari) straw treatment. Two methods of water management during rice growing period were continuous flooding and Eh control. For Eh control, drainage was carried out whenever the soil Eh decreased to \u2212150\u00a0mV, and flooding was carried out whenever the soil Eh increased to 0\u00a0mV in 2003 and 100\u00a0mV in 2004. Two methods of rice straw treatment were application and removal in the preceding winters of all straw harvested. The CH4 flux was measured by a closed chamber method and the total emission during the growing period was estimated. Rice grain and straw yields were examined by a quadrat sampling method. The yield component was analyzed only in 2004.  The total CH4 emission was decreased by Eh control to 36% of continuous flooding on the 2-year average. Although straw application hastened the decrease in soil Eh when compared with straw removal, it did not affect the total CH4 emission. Rice grain and straw yields were not affected by the experimental factors. However, yield component analysis showed that Eh control increased the number of panicles per hill and resulted in increased brown rice yield. Straw application also increased the number of panicles per hill, but did not affect brown rice yield.  Consequently, the present study demonstrates the practicability of Eh control under the field conditions on an experimental level. Two important suggestions were obtained from the above results. One is that Eh control decreases CH4 emission to a minimum level according to the range of soil Eh determined. Another is that it may be possible to change the range of soil Eh to a more positive value that will decrease CH4 emission more and increase rice grain yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-12-10", "title": "Carbon Availability Controls The Growth Of Detritivores (Lumbricidae) And Their Effect On Nitrogen Mineralization", "description": "Activity of soil decomposer microorganisms is generally limited by carbon availability, but factors controlling saprophagous soil animals remain largely unknown. In contrast to microorganisms, animals are unable to exploit mineral nutrient pools. Therefore, it has been suggested that soil animals, and earthworms in particular, are limited by the availability of nitrogen. In contrast to this view, a strong increase in density and biomass of endogeic earthworms in response to labile organic carbon addition has been documented in field experiments. The hypothesis that the growth of endogeic earthworms is primarily limited by carbon availability was tested in a laboratory experiment lasting for 10 weeks. In addition, it was investigated whether the effects of earthworms on microbial activity and nutrient mineralization depend on the availability of carbon resources. We manipulated food availability to the endogeic earthworm species Octolasion tyrtaeum by using two soils with different organic matter content, providing access to different amounts of soil, and adding labile organic carbon (glucose) enriched in (13)C. Glucose addition strongly increased the growth of O. tyrtaeum. From 8 to 17% of the total C in earthworm tissue was assimilated from the glucose added. Soil microbial biomass was not strongly affected by the addition of glucose, though basal respiration was significantly increased and up to 50% of the carbon added as glucose was incorporated into soil organic matter. The impact of earthworms on the mineralization and leaching of nitrogen depended on C availability. As expected, in C-limited soil, the presence of earthworms strongly increased nitrogen leaching. However, when C availability was increased by the addition of glucose, this pattern was reversed, i.e. the presence of O. tyrtaeum decreased nitrogen leaching and its availability to soil microflora. We conclude that irrespective of the total carbon content of soils, O. tyrtaeum was primarily limited by carbon, and that increased carbon availability allowed earthworms to be more effective in mobilizing N. The presence of earthworms increases C limitation of soil microorganisms, due to increased availability of N and P in earthworm casts or a direct depletion of easily available carbon resources by earthworms.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "Nitrogen", "Population Dynamics", "Biological Availability", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-30", "title": "Tillage And Cropping Intensification Effects On Soil Aggregation: Temporal Dynamics And Controlling Factors Under Semiarid Conditions", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Water aggregate stability", "Semiarid agroecosystems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Mean weight diameter", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017jg004269", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-18", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics in Soybean Cropland and Forests in Mato Grosso, Brazil", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate and land use models predict that tropical deforestation and conversion to cropland will produce a large flux of soil carbon (C) to the atmosphere from accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the C flux from the deep tropical soils on which most intensive crop agriculture is now expanding remains poorly constrained. To quantify the effect of intensive agriculture on tropical soil C, we compared C stocks, radiocarbon, and stable C isotopes to 2\uffc2\uffa0m depth from forests and soybean cropland created from former pasture in Mato Grosso, Brazil. We hypothesized that soil disturbance, higher soil temperatures (+2\uffc2\uffb0C), and lower OM inputs from soybeans would increase soil C turnover and deplete C stocks relative to nearby forest soils. However, we found reduced C concentrations and stocks only in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) of soybean cropland compared with forests, and these differences could be explained by soil mixing during plowing. The amount and \uffce\uff9414C of respired CO2 to 50\uffc2\uffa0cm depth were significantly lower from soybean soils, yet CO2 production at 2\uffc2\uffa0m deep was low in both forest and soybean soils. Mean surface soil \uffce\uffb413C decreased by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 between 2009 and 2013 in soybean cropland, suggesting low OM inputs from soybeans. Together these findings suggest the following: (1) soil C is relatively resistant to changes in land use and (2) conversion to cropland caused a small, measurable reduction in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling C pool through reduced OM inputs, mobilization of older C from soil mixing, and/or destabilization of SOM in surface soils.</p", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "2. Zero hunger", "Life on Land", "land use", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Geophysics", "Tropical forest", "Isotopes", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "Brazil", "isotopes", "Research Articles", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4jm295dz/qt4jm295dz.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jg004269"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017jg004269", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017jg004269", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017jg004269"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/agro/2010030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-17", "title": "Effects Of Fertilization And Soil Management On Crop Yields And Carbon Stabilization In Soils. A Review", "description": "The study of sustainable land use is complex and long-term experiments are required for a better understanding of the processes of carbon stabilization. Objectives were (i) to describe for four long-term experiments the effects of fertilization and soil management on crop yields and the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N, and (ii) to discuss the usefulness of models for a better understanding of the underlying processes. Data of soil organic carbon and total N of four long-term experiments in Germany and China which studied the effect of fertilization (Bad Lauchstadt, Darmstadt) and tillage (Gottingen, Quzhou) were evaluated and soil organic carbon fractionation was carried out. The Rothamsted Carbon Model was used for a description and prediction of soil organic carbon dynamics as affected by fertilization and tillage in Bad Lauchstadt and Quzhou. The type of fertilizer added at common rates \u2014 either mineral N or farmyard manure \u2014 affected the crop yields only slightly, with slightly lower yields after manure application compared with mineral N fertilization. For both fertilization trials, manure applications at common rates had beneficial effects on soil organic carbon stocks in the labile pool (turnover time estimated as  0.25 mm). For Quzhou, no-tillage and conventional tillage had similar effects on total C stocks, with a greater spatial variability in soil organic carbon stocks in the no-tillage plots. Modeling required site-specific calibrations for the stock of inert organic matter for each of the sites, indicating that not all carbon stabilization processes are included in the model and that application of a model to a new site may also need site-specific adjustments before it can be used for predictions. After site-specific calibration, however, model predictions for the remaining treatments were generally accurate for the fertilization and tillage trials, which emphasizes the importance of temperature, moisture, soil cover and clay content on the decomposition dynamics of soil organic carbon and the significance of amounts and quality of carbon inputs in the soil for maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon stocks in arable soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Environmental Engineering", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/agro/2010030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/agro/2010030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/agro/2010030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/agro/2010030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-16", "title": "Effect Of Drought And Weed Management On Maize Genotypes And The Tensiometric Soil Water Content Of An Eutric Nitisol In South Western Nigeria", "description": "In the dry savannas of West and Central Africa, where low soil fertility, unpredictable rainfall, weed competition and recurrent drought are major constraints to maize production, the development of tropical maize genotypes with high and stable yields under drought and low-nitrogen condition is very important since access to these improved genotypes may be the only affordable alternative to many small scale farmers. Field trials were conducted in 2002 and 2003\u00a0at Ikenne southwestern Nigeria to investigate the effect of weed pressures and drought stress on 2 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (9134-14, 9803-9) and 2 open-pollinated varieties (STREVIWD, IYFDCO1). Irrigation was withdrawn 4 weeks after planting (about four weeks to mid-flowering) in the drought stress while the adjacent watered treatment had irrigation throughout the growing period. The weed pressures were the completely weeded plots (hand weeding every week) and weedy plots (weeded once, 2 weeks after planting). The experiment was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Drought stress reduced the stover weight and grain yield of the maize cultivars by 6% and 34% respectively. Weed-free plots had maize with higher agronomic traits than unweeded treatments. Hybrid 9803-9 was more susceptible to drought and weed stress as indicated in the stover weight and grain yield. STREVIWD an open-pollinated variety (OPV) and Hybrid 9134-14 had superior performances in terms of grain yield and shorter anthesis silking interval. Soil moisture content was higher in the unweeded plots while the uptake of moisture was highest in drought susceptible hybrid 9803-9. Irrespective of the genotypes, maize (hybrid and OPV) was more tolerant to drought in a weed-free environment than in unweeded conditions. There existed a negative but significant correlation between weed biomass and chlorophyll content (\u22120.29, P < 0.01), grain yield (\u22120.45, P < 0.05), ear plant\u22121 (\u22120.27, P < 0.05) and kernel-number (\u22120.366 P < 0.01).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "eutric nitisol", "weeded plots", "nutrient", "drought stress", "maize genotypes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "weed management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/agro:2008012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-15", "title": "Yield Potential And Land-Use Efficiency Of Wheat And Faba Bean Mixed Intercropping", "description": "In Ethiopia, food production for a rapidly growing population from a continually shrinking farm size is a prime developmental challenge. Rising input costs, decline in soil quality, and buildup of insect pests, diseases and weeds have threatened the ecological and economic sustainability of crop production. To address those issues, intercropping of cereals with pulse crops could increase total grain production, provide diversity of products, stabilize yield over seasons, reduce economic and environmental risks common in monoculture systems, and thereby enhance sustainability. Here, mixed intercropping of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was compared with sole culture of each species in 2002 and 2003 at Holetta Agricultural Research Center, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The treatments were sole wheat at a seed rate of 175 kg ha \u22121 , sole faba bean at a seed rate of 200 kg ha \u22121 , and an additive series of 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5% of the sole faba bean seed rate mixed with the full sole wheat seed rate. Our results showed that mixed intercropping increased the land equivalent ratio by +3% to +22% over sole cropping. Increasing the faba bean seed rate in the mixture from 12.5 to 62.5% reduced wheat grain yield from 3601 kg ha \u22121 to 3039 kg ha \u22121 but increased faba bean grain yield from 141 kg ha \u22121 to 667 kg ha \u22121 . Sole culture grain yield exceeded mixed culture grain yield by + 5t o+25% for wheat and by +172 to +1190% for faba bean. Nonetheless, we obtained the highest total grain yield of 4031 kg ha \u22121 , gross monetary value of US$ 823, system productivity index of 4629 and crowding coefficient of 4.70 when wheat at its full seed rate was intercropped with faba bean at a rate of 37.5%. On average, weed biomass was reduced from 40.4 g m \u22122 in sole wheat to 31.1 g m \u22122 in mixed culture and the chocolate spot disease score was reduced from 5.1 in sole faba bean to 3.4 in mixed culture. In conclusion, intercropping of wheat with faba bean may increase total yield and revenue, reduce weed and disease pressure, increase land-use efficiency, and thereby enhance sustainability of crop production in Ethiopian highlands. aggressivity / crowding coefficient / faba bean / land-use efficiency / intercropping / wheat", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2008012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/agro:2008012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/agro:2008012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/agro:2008012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12161", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-06", "title": "Enhanced Root Exudation Stimulates Soil Nitrogen Transformations In A Subalpine Coniferous Forest Under Experimental Warming", "description": "Abstract<p>Despite the perceived importance of exudation to forest ecosystem function, few studies have attempted to examine the effects of elevated temperature and nutrition availability on the rates of root exudation and associated microbial processes. In this study, we performed an experiment in whichin situexudates were collected fromPicea asperataseedlings that were transplanted in disturbed soils exposed to two levels of temperature (ambient temperature and infrared heater warming) and two nitrogen levels (unfertilized and 25\uffc2\uffa0g N\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0a\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Here, we show that the trees exposed to an elevated temperature increased their exudation rates I (\uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921root biomass\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921), II (\uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0root length\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and III (\uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0root area\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in the unfertilized plots. The altered morphological and physiological traits of the roots exposed to experimental warming could be responsible for this variation in root exudation. Moreover, these increases in root\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C were positively correlated with the microbial release of extracellular enzymes involved in the breakdown of organic N (R2\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.790;P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.038), which was coupled with stimulated microbial activity and accelerated N transformations in the unfertilized soils. In contrast, the trees exposed to both experimental warming and N fertilization did not show increased exudation rates or soil enzyme activity, indicating that the stimulatory effects of experimental warming on root exudation depend on soil fertility. Collectively, our results provide preliminary evidence that an increase in the release of root exudates into the soil may be an important physiological adjustment by which the sustained growth responses of plants to experimental warming may be maintained via enhanced soil microbial activity and soil N transformation. Accordingly, the underlying mechanisms by which plant root\uffe2\uff80\uff90microbe interactions influence soil organic matter decomposition and N cycling should be incorporated into climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon cycle models to determine reliable estimates of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C storage in forests.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Soil", "Plant Exudates", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Models", " Theoretical", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Picea", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "Plant Roots"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Juan Xiao, Huajun Yin, Zhenfeng Xu, Xinyin Cheng, Yufei Li, Qing Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12161"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12161", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12161", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12161"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.3c01816", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-08", "title": "Effects of Climate Change on Soil Organic Matter C and H Isotope Composition in a Mediterranean Savannah (Dehesa): An Assessment Using Py-CSIA", "description": "Dehesas are Mediterranean agro-sylvo-pastoral systems sensitive to climate change. Extreme climate conditions forecasted for Mediterranean areas may change soil C turnover, which is of relevance for soil biogeochemistry modeling. The effect of climate change on soil organic matter (SOM) is investigated in a field experiment mimicking environmental conditions of global change scenarios (soil temperature increase, +2-3 \u00b0C, W; rainfall exclusion, 30%, D; a combination of both, W+D). Pyrolysis-compound-specific isotope analysis (Py-CSIA) is used for C and H isotope characterization of SOM compounds and to forecast trends exerted by the induced climate shift. After 2.5 years, significant \u03b413C and \u03b42H isotopic enrichments were detected. Observed short- and mid-chain n-alkane \u03b413C shifts point to an increased microbial SOM reworking in the W treatment; a 2H enrichment of up to 40\u2030 of lignin methoxyphenols was found when combining W+D treatments under the tree canopy, probably related to H fractionation due to increased soil water evapotranspiration. Our findings indicate that the effect of the tree canopy drives SOM dynamics in dehesas and that, in the short term, foreseen climate change scenarios will exert changes in the SOM dynamics comprising the biogeochemical C and H cycles.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "Analytical pyrolysis", "Climate Change", "biomarkers", "nalyticalpyrolysis", "15. Life on land", "Mediterranean soil", "Trees", "\u03b42H", "\u03b413C \u03b42H", "Soil", "Isotopes", "13. Climate action", "Alkanes", "\u03b413C", "Climate change", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "climatechange", "Biomarkers", "Pyrolysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.3c01816"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01816"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.3c01816", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.3c01816", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.3c01816"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-22", "title": "Microbial Functional Diversity, Metabolic Quotient, And Invertase Activity Of A Sandy Loam Soil As Affected By Long-Term Application Of Organic Amendment And Mineral Fertilizer", "description": "Organic and inorganic fertilizers are used primarily to increase nutrient availability to plants. Monitoring balanced versus unbalanced fertilization effects on soil microbes could improve our understanding of soil biochemical processes and thus help us to develop sound management strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization regimes on soil microbial community functional diversity, metabolic activity, and metabolic quotient and to find out the main factors that influence these parameters. A long-term fertilization experiment established in a sandy loam soil at northern China has received continuous fertilization treatments for more than 20\u00a0years, including control, mineral fertilizers of NK, PK, NP, and NPK, organic amendment (OA), and half organic amendment plus half mineral fertilizer (1/2 OM). Top soil samples (0\u201315\u00a0cm) from four individual plots per treatment were collected for the analysis of chemical properties and microbial parameters. Microbial biomass C was analyzed using the fumigation\u2013extraction method. Invertase activity and basal respiration were determined based on incubation method. Then, the microbial metabolic quotient was calculated as the ratio of basal respiration to microbial biomass C. To this end, microbial functional diversity was evaluated using the community level physiological profile method by Biolog Eco-microplate. Higher microbial biomass C, invertase activity, and basal respiration, but lower microbial metabolic quotient, were observed in P-fertilized soils, and OA had significantly greater (P\u2009<\u20090.05) impacts on the biomass, activity, and quotient compared with mineral fertilizers. Both the sole-carbon-source utilization activity and the functional diversity of soil microbial community were significantly increased (P\u2009<\u20090.05) by balanced fertilization (NPK, OA, or 1/2 OM), and species richness of community and relative abundance of the most common species in the K-deficient (NP) treatment were also significantly increased (P\u2009<\u20090.05). Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis showed that both organic and mineral fertilizers could affect microbial parameters by increasing soil organic C contents, and P was the key factor to increase soil microbial diversity and soil fertility. Long-term balanced fertilization greatly increased soil microbial biomass, functional diversity, and invertase activity and played an important role in decreasing soil microbial metabolic quotient, while P could be considered as the key factor to control soil microbial diversity as well as soil fertility. With regard to the different effects of OA and mineral fertilizer on soil organic C contents and root exudates, combined application of mineral and organic fertilizers is recommended in the region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-27", "title": "Analysis Of The Effects Of Rotational Woodlots On The Nutrition And Yield Of Maize Following Trees In Western Tanzania", "description": "Farmers in western Tanzania are establishing rotations of trees and crops in an attempt to overcome the shortage of wood, reverse deforestation of natural forests and improve soil fertility for food security enhancement. We compared fallows of Acacia crassicarpa, A. julifera, A. leptocarpa, Leucaena pallida and Senna siamea, with traditional bush fallow and continuous sole maize (Zea mays L.). The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness offallow types in terms of N, Pand K use by maize. Trees were intercropped with maize for the first 3 years. After 5 years, trees were harvested, wood components were removed, and leaves, twigs and grasses were incorporated into the soil. Factorial N,P,Ktrialswere carriedoutwithmaizegrown afterthefallowtypes. Parameters studiedweregrainyield,uptakeof N,PandK,and nutrient use efficiency. The effects offertiliser were much stronger than the effects offallow types. Therewas no clear effect of tree fallows on nutrient use efficiency of the following maize. Non-fertilized maize yielded more after acacia than after the other trees and natural fallow. Upon fertiliser application the influences of fallow types became weaker. Fertiliser N improved maize yields more than fertiliser P, and there was a positive NP interaction. Fertilizer K did not bring about clear effects. N recovery efficiency was improved by the application of P and vice versa. When fertilisers were applied, differences in average maize grain yields between tree fallows and natural fallow varied from 300 kg ha 1 (for A. julifera) to minus 250 kg ha 1 (for S. siamea). A yield increase of 300 kg maize grain could also be obtained by application of 10 kg fertiliser N or 8 kg fertiliser P. The best fallow type for soil fertility improvement was Acacia juliferasuggesting that this acacia is mining the soil for P and K. In conclusion, benefits of rotational woodlots seem larger in terms of wood production than in terms of soil fertility restoration. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "fallow", "soil fertility", "quefts", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "agroforestry", "africa", "nutrients", "vegetation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "management"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nyadzi, G.I., Janssen, B.H., Oenema, O.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-06-15", "title": "Microbial Community Structure And Oxidative Enzyme Activity In Nitrogen-Amended North Temperate Forest Soils", "description": "Large regions of temperate forest are subject to elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition which can affect soil organic matter dynamics by altering mass loss rates, soil respiration, and dissolved organic matter production. At present there is no general model that links these responses to changes in the organization and operation of microbial decomposer communities. Toward that end, we studied the response of litter and soil microbial communities to high levels of N amendment (30 and 80 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) in three types of northern temperate forest: sugar maple/basswood (SMBW), sugar maple/red oak (SMRO), and white oak/black oak (WOBO). We measured the activity of extracellular enzymes (EEA) involved directly in the oxidation of lignin and humus (phenol oxidase, peroxidase), and indirectly, through the production of hydrogen peroxide (glucose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase). Community composition was analyzed by extracting and quantifying phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from soils. Litter EEA responses at SMBW sites diverged from those at oak-bearing sites (SMRO, BOWO), but the changes were not statistically significant. For soil, EEA responses were consistent across forests types: phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities declined as a function of N dose (33-73% and 5-41%, respectively, depending on forest type); glucose oxidase and glyoxal oxidase activities increased (200-400% and 150-300%, respectively, depending on forest type). Principal component analysis (PCA) ordinated forest types and treatment responses along two axes; factor 1 (44% of variance) was associated with phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, factor 2 (31%) with glucose oxidase. Microbial biomass did not respond to N treatment, but nine of the 23 PLFA that formed >1 mol% of total biomass showed statistically significant treatment responses. PCA ordinated forest types and treatment responses along three axes (36%, 26%, 12% of variance). EEA factors 1 and 2 correlated negatively with PLFA factor 1 ( r = -0.20 and -0.35, respectively, n = 108) and positively with PLFA factor 3 ( r = +0.36 and +0.20, respectively, n = 108). In general, EEA responses were more strongly tied to changes in bacterial PLFA than to changes in fungal PLFA. Collectively, our data suggests that N inhibition of oxidative activity involves more than the repression of ligninase expression by white-rot basidiomycetes.", "keywords": ["Michigan", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Nature Conservation", "Microbiology", "Trees", "Soil", "Geoecology/Natural Processes", "Health Sciences", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Ecosystem", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Principal Component Analysis", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Enzymes", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-11", "title": "Changes In Soil Carbon And Nutrient Pools Along A Chronosequence Of Poplar Plantations In The Columbia Plateau, Oregon, Usa", "description": "Abstract   Establishment of short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) plantations for meeting the demand of wood and bioenergy production necessitates reclamation of agricultural lands and desert soils, such as those in the southern Columbia Plateau of Oregon, USA. The effects of plantation management on soil carbon (C) storage and nutrient concentration were evaluated, using a chronosequence of poplar (Populus spp.) stands on soils of eolian origin (Xeric Torripsamments). Stands of ages 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10 years (n\u00a0=\u00a03 per stand age), as well as adjacent agricultural and desert lands, were compared based on soil C, inorganic C (SIC), total nitrogen (N), and nutrient concentrations within the 0- to 50-cm soil depth. The 7- through 10-year-old stands that were in a first-rotation cycle were irrigated and fertilized. The 1- through 4-year-old stands in a second-rotation cycle received a mulch application treatment in addition to the irrigation and fertilization treatments. At age 11 years, the projected plantation C (147.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) accumulated almost entirely in the aboveground biomass (62.2%), forest floor (24.3%), and roots (11.7%). There were no significant increases in the mineral soil C and N pools with stand age, despite the presence of increasing trends within the surface layer. The accumulation of the mineral soil C pool (\u223c1.8%), from the first- (23.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) to the second-rotation stands (26.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121), was partially offset by a loss of SIC due to irrigation. The SIC pool had a decreasing trend, which was related to dissolution of calcite along the soil profile, from the first- (16.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) to the second-rotation stands (8.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121). Soil pH (r\u00a0>\u00a00.6) and exchangeable acidity (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.5) patterns were dependent upon the concentration of exchangeable Ca2+. Soil Mg2+ and K+ concentrations were correlated with soil C concentration in the surface layer (r\u00a0=\u00a00.5). In coarse-textured soils, a decadal time scale was insufficient to measure significant changes in the mineral soil C pool. Carbon benefits may be gained, however, in aboveground (tree and forest floor) and belowground (roots) biomass accumulations. SRWC plantations are an effective land-use option to restore degraded lands of arid regions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fabio Sartori, Rattan Lal, James A. Eaton, Michael H. Ebinger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-11", "title": "Changes In Soil Carbon And Nutrient Pools Along A Chronosequence Of Poplar Plantations In The Columbia Plateau, Oregon, Usa", "description": "Abstract   Establishment of short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) plantations for meeting the demand of wood and bioenergy production necessitates reclamation of agricultural lands and desert soils, such as those in the southern Columbia Plateau of Oregon, USA. The effects of plantation management on soil carbon (C) storage and nutrient concentration were evaluated, using a chronosequence of poplar (Populus spp.) stands on soils of eolian origin (Xeric Torripsamments). Stands of ages 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10 years (n\u00a0=\u00a03 per stand age), as well as adjacent agricultural and desert lands, were compared based on soil C, inorganic C (SIC), total nitrogen (N), and nutrient concentrations within the 0- to 50-cm soil depth. The 7- through 10-year-old stands that were in a first-rotation cycle were irrigated and fertilized. The 1- through 4-year-old stands in a second-rotation cycle received a mulch application treatment in addition to the irrigation and fertilization treatments. At age 11 years, the projected plantation C (147.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) accumulated almost entirely in the aboveground biomass (62.2%), forest floor (24.3%), and roots (11.7%). There were no significant increases in the mineral soil C and N pools with stand age, despite the presence of increasing trends within the surface layer. The accumulation of the mineral soil C pool (\u223c1.8%), from the first- (23.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) to the second-rotation stands (26.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121), was partially offset by a loss of SIC due to irrigation. The SIC pool had a decreasing trend, which was related to dissolution of calcite along the soil profile, from the first- (16.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) to the second-rotation stands (8.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121). Soil pH (r\u00a0>\u00a00.6) and exchangeable acidity (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.5) patterns were dependent upon the concentration of exchangeable Ca2+. Soil Mg2+ and K+ concentrations were correlated with soil C concentration in the surface layer (r\u00a0=\u00a00.5). In coarse-textured soils, a decadal time scale was insufficient to measure significant changes in the mineral soil C pool. Carbon benefits may be gained, however, in aboveground (tree and forest floor) and belowground (roots) biomass accumulations. SRWC plantations are an effective land-use option to restore degraded lands of arid regions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fabio Sartori, Rattan Lal, James A. Eaton, Michael H. Ebinger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-26", "title": "Modeling Biogeochemical Impacts Of Alternative Management Practices For A Row-Crop Field In Iowa", "description": "Abstract   The management of contemporary agriculture is rapidly shifting from single-goal to multi-goal strategies. The bottleneck of implementing the strategies is the capacity of predicting the simultaneous impacts of change in management practices on agricultural production, soil and water resources and environmental safety. Process-based models provide an opportunity to quantify the impacts of farm management options on various pools and fluxes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in agroecosystems. The denitrification\u2013decomposition or DNDC model was recently modified for simulating N cycling for the U.S. Midwestern agricultural systems. This paper reports a continuous effort on applying the model for estimating the impacts of alternative management practices (e.g., no-till, cover crop, change in fertilizer rate or timing) on agro-ecosystems in the Midwestern U.S. A typical row-crop field in Iowa was selected for the sensitivity tests. The modeled results were assessed with a focus on four major indicators of agro-ecosystems, namely crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, nitrate\u2013N leaching loss and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The results indicated that no-till practice significantly increased SOC storage and reduced nitrate\u2013N leaching rate, but slightly decreased crop yield and increased N2O emissions. By modifying the methods of fertilizer application in conjunction with the no-till practice, the disadvantages of no-till could be overcome. For example, increasing the fertilizing depth and using a nitrification inhibitor could substantially reduce N2O emissions and increase crop yield under the no-till conditions. This study revealed the complexity of impacts of the alternative farming management practices across different climate conditions, soil properties and management regimes. Process-based models can play an important role in quantifying the comprehensive effects of management alternatives on agricultural production and the environment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.1513", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-02", "title": "Land Use Intensification In The Humid Tropics Increased Both Alpha And Beta Diversity Of Soil Bacteria", "description": "Abstract<p>Anthropogenic pressures on tropical forests are rapidly intensifying, but our understanding of their implications for biological diversity is still very limited, especially with regard to soil biota, and in particular soil bacterial communities. Here we evaluated bacterial community composition and diversity across a gradient of land use intensity in the eastern Amazon from undisturbed primary forest, through primary forests varyingly disturbed by fire, regenerating secondary forest, pasture, and mechanized agriculture. Soil bacteria were assessed by paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90end Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments (V4 region). The resulting sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTU) at a 97% similarity threshold. Land use intensification increased the observed bacterial diversity (both OTU richness and community heterogeneity across space) and this effect was strongly associated with changes in soil pH. Moreover, land use intensification and subsequent changes in soil fertility, especially pH, altered the bacterial community composition, with pastures and areas of mechanized agriculture displaying the most contrasting communities in relation to undisturbed primary forest. Together, these results indicate that tropical forest conversion impacts soil bacteria not through loss of diversity, as previously thought, but mainly by imposing marked shifts on bacterial community composition, with unknown yet potentially important implications for ecological functions and services performed by these communities.</p>", "keywords": ["Rios de composi\u00e7\u00e3o de comunidade bacteriana", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "550", "Bacteria", "Biodiversidade subterr\u00e2nea", "Agriculture", "Biodiversity", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Below\u2010ground biodiversity", "High\u2010throughput sequencing", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Sequenciamento de alto rendimento", "Rivers of bacterial community composition", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/82660/1/de_Carvalho_et_al_2016_raw_pdf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1513"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1513", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1513", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1513"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-17", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration And Stratification In A Cereal/Leguminous Crop Rotation With Three Tillage Systems In Semiarid Conditions", "description": "Abstract   The stratification of soil organic matter at different depths is common under conservation tillage and especially under no-tillage. The degree of stratification, or stratification ratio (SR), can be used as an indicator of soil quality because surface organic matter is essential to erosion control, water infiltration, and the conservation of nutrients. In the semiarid regions of the Mediterranean which are devoted to rain-fed crop production, soil has low organic carbon content because of the high mineralization rates of soil organic matter and the lack of crop residue after periods of drought. Twenty-year effects (1985\u20132006) of tillage systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) stratification were studied in a Vertic Luvisol with a loam texture. SOC was expressed in carbon concentration (Cc) and in equivalent soil mass (esm). The tillage treatments used were conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT). These treatments were under winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation (W-VP). Similarly, several stratification ratios (SRs) were assessed as indicators of SOC's time evolution. Before the start of the experiment the crop rotation was cereal-fallow (C-F). In each treatment and replication four soil layers of the same thickness (10\u00a0cm) were sampled to obtain soil bulk density (BD) and Cc. After 20 years the study revealed that the adoption of a W-VP rotation was at least as important as the shift from CT to NT in the increase of stocked SOC in the soil profile. This last treatment was the tillage system with the highest SOC, whereas no significant differences were encountered between MT and CT. The average SOC was 14% higher in NT than in MT and CT. This trend has been systematically observed practically since 1996 to the present in all treatments. The steady state of SOC sequestration was reached after 11 years of starting the experiment in NT and 12 years in CT and MT. SOC, expressed as Cc and esm, showed the highest stratification in NT, second highest in MT and lowest in CT. In NT, stocked SOC increased from 1996 to 2005 in the top layer but it declined systematically in the bottom layer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. Navarrete, J. L. Hernanz, V. S\u00e1nchez-Gir\u00f3n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/etc.5400", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-09", "title": "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Need for a Meaningful Regulatory Plant Protection Product Testing Strategy", "description": "Abstract                <p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) perform key soil ecosystem services and, because of their symbiotic relationship with plant roots, may be exposed to the plant protection products (PPPs) applied to soils and crops. In 2017, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released a scientific opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of PPPs for in-soil organisms, recommending the inclusion of AMF ecotoxicological testing in the PPP regulatory process. However, it is not clear how this can be implemented in a tiered, robust, and ecologically relevant manner. Through a critical review of current literature, we examine the recommendations made within the EFSA report and the methodologies available to integrate AMF into the PPP risk assessment and provide perspective and commentary on their agronomic and ecological relevance. We conclude that considerable research questions remain to be addressed prior to the inclusion of AMF into the in-soil organism risk assessment, many of which stem from the unique challenges associated with including an obligate symbiont within the PPP risk assessment. Finally, we highlight critical knowledge gaps and the further research required to enable development of relevant, reliable, and robust scientific tests alongside pragmatic and scientifically sound guidance to ensure that any future risk-assessment paradigm is adequately protective of the ecosystem services it aims to preserve. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1808\uffe2\uff80\uff931823. \uffc2\uffa9 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Magnoliopsida", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Mycorrhizae", "Fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Critical Reviews", "Plant Roots", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5400"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Toxicology%20and%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/etc.5400", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/etc.5400", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/etc.5400"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-05", "title": "Competition Between Maize And Pigeonpea In Semi-Arid Tanzania: Effect On Yields And Nutrition Of Crops", "description": "Abstract   Productivity of maize\u2013pigeonpea cropping systems is dependent on facilitative and competitive interactive effects on resource availability. Controlling these interactions may benefit farmers through increased productivity associated with optimized crop yields. Previous research on maize\u2013pigeonpea culture in Sub-Saharan Africa has focused on yield and soil fertility, but provided inadequate information on the mechanisms of possible interspecific competition. We employed a factorial field experiment to examine yield and nutritional responses of maize and pigeonpea to cropping systems (sole maize, intercropping, and improved fallow), N and P fertilizer additions, and cattle manure additions in Dodoma, Tanzania. The study objectives were to assess competition between crops and to determine how manure or fertilizer inputs may mitigate such interactions to improve yields. Intercropping enhanced maize yield over sole maize only when fertilized, reflecting probable nutrient competition. Improved fallows alone or with fertilizers (1.2\u20131.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) increased maize yields over sole maize (0.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). These increases were attributed to pigeonpea facilitation through soil nutrient replenishment, reduced competition associated with sequential cropping arrangements, and added nutrients from fertilization. Combined fertilizer and manure applications also improved maize and pigeonpea yields. Plant nutrient diagnosis indicated primary and secondary P and Ca deficiencies, respectively associated with P-fixation and leaching of cations due to high soil acidity and exchangeable Al. Maize competed strongly in mixture suppressing biomass and grain yields of the unfertilized pigeonpea by 60% and 33%, respectively due to limited soil nutrients and/or moisture. These yield reductions suggest that the intercropped pigeonpea did not recover from competition after maize harvesting that reduced competition. Optimizing yields of both maize and pigeonpea would require the addition of prescribed fertilizer when intercropped, but applications can be reduced by half under the improved fallow system due to alleviating interspecific competition.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shabani A.O. Chamshama, Y.N. Ngaga, V. R. Timmer, Anthony A. Kimaro, D.A. Kimaro,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-07", "title": "The effect of exogenous organic matter on the thermal properties of tilled soils in Poland and the Czech Republic", "description": "Organic matter improves soil fertility and water and thermal properties, but its content often decreases. This decrease may be mitigated by the addition of exogenous organic matter (EOM). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of EOMs, including compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag); industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra); animal meal from animal by-products (Mb); and digestate from a biogas fry factory (Dg) on soil thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density in the top (0\u201315-cm) layer of two soils in Poland and the Czech Republic. Irrespective of EOM type, the total yearly nitrogen application rate being 200\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 (100%) was from a given EOM at the rates 0, 50, 75, and 100% and the remaining parts from the mineral fertilizer. The study was conducted in 2013\u20132014 in Poland (Braszowice) and the Czech Republic (Puste Jakartice) on loam silt and clay silt loam, respectively, as part of a cross-border cooperation project. The soil properties were examined using classical descriptive statistics, semivariograms, and kriging-interpolated maps. Analysis of linear regressions (trends) showed that the EOM application rate influenced (positively or negatively) the soil properties in most measurement occasions. The variability of all soil properties was low and medium (coefficient of variation 7.3\u201334%). Geostatistical analysis indicated that the spatial dependence (C0/(C0\u2009+\u2009Cs)) of the soil properties on the EOM-amended plots was very strong or moderate. The maps revealed that the heterogeneity and degree of patch fragmentation were greater for thermal conductivity and heat capacity than for thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density. In general, all the soil properties were spatially more variable in the Braszowice than Puste Jakartice soil and in spring than autumn in both sites. The spatial analysis and maps enhance the comprehensive understanding of changes in soil thermal properties in response to EOM application. Suitability of the results from the field experiments in models predicting some thermal properties based on soil bulk density and water content in relation to EOM addition was indicated. Expressing the amount of EOMs added using the organic carbon content basis (% kg OC/kg of soil) instead of the nitrogen content basis allowed identifying areas on the kriging-interpolated maps where the distribution of soil thermal properties resembled that of soil organic carbon content, water content, and bulk density. Thus, the effect of EOMs on soil thermal properties is considered along with changes in soil water content and bulk density. The results will be helpful in forecasting effects of exogenous organic matter on the soil thermal properties affecting surface-energy partitioning, temperature distribution in soil, and plant growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "recycled organic matter", "soil thermal properties", "13. Climate action", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "semivariograms", "Czech Republic", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bogus\u0142aw Usowicz, Jerzy Lipiec,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-31", "title": "Tillage And Cropping Effects On Soil Organic Carbon In Mediterranean Semiarid Agroecosystems: Testing The Century Model", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Dryland agroecosystems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Semiarid Spain", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Simulation modeling", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-26", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Fertilization On Available P, P Composition And Phosphatase Activities In Soil From The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain Of China", "description": "Abstract   Combining organic materials with chemical fertilizers is gradually becoming the primary fertilization strategy in China for increasing soil phosphorus (P) concentration; however, the relationships between soil available P, P composition and phosphatase activities in treatments with long-term crop straw or animal manure combined with chemical NPK fertilizers are not fully understood. In this study, a field fertilization experiment was conducted in a light sandy loam soil from the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China to determine the variation in soil available P, P composition and phosphatase activities with 23 years of continuous application of maize straw or cattle manure in combination with chemical fertilizers at the depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm, with special attention paid to their relationships. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications for each treatment, including the unfertilized control (CK), chemical nitrogen (N) with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) (NPK), NPK plus maize straw (NPKS), and NPK plus cattle manure (NPKM). Results indicated that all fertilization treatments significantly increased soil P concentration and crop yields. Among the fertilization treatments, NPKM treatment showed the significantly highest total P and available P concentrations, while no significant difference in either wheat or maize yield between NPK, NPKS and NPKM treatments was found. Compared to the application of chemical NPK fertilizers alone, the NPKS treatment significantly increased soil organic P, pyrophosphate and orthophosphate concentrations, as well as soil phosphatase activities. The increase in orthophosphate concentration under the NPKS treatment may be associated with the hydrolysis of organic P and pyrophosphate catalyzed by acid phosphomonoesterase (AcP), phosphodiesterase (PD) and inorganic pyrophosphatase (IPP), which was conducive to keeping soil available P concentration under NPKS treatment at an appropriate level that could not only satisfy crop P demand but also have no negative impacts on the environment. However, the increase of orthophosphate and available P concentrations under NPKM treatment may be primarily related to the manure P inputs, and although NPKM treatment significantly increased soil inorganic P concentration in comparison to other fertilization treatments, it also increased the risk of P leaching. Overall, from the perspective of P nutrient management, our results suggest that NPKS treatment might be an effective long-term fertilization practice in the light sandy loam soil of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shaomin Huang, Kai Wei, Hongxu Bao, Lijun Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.06.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-24", "title": "Soil And Crop Response To Harvesting Corn Residues For Biofuel Production", "description": "Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is considered one of the prime lignocellulosic feedstocks for biofuel production. While producing renewable energy from biomass is necessary, impacts of harvesting corn stover on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, agricultural productivity, and environmental quality must be also carefully and objectively assessed. We conducted a 2 1/2 year study of stover management in long-term (N8 yr) no-tillage (NT) continuous corn systems under three contrasting soils in Ohio to determine changes in SOC sequestration, CO2 emissions, soil physical properties, and agronomic productivity. These measurements were made on a Rayne silt loam (RSL) (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludult) with 6% slope, Celina silt loam (CSL) (fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs) with 2% slope, and Hoytville clay loam (HCL) (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) with b1% slope. Stover treatments consisted of removing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of corn stover following each harvest. At the start of the experiment in May 2004, these percentages of removal corresponded to 5, 3.75, 2.5, 1.25, and 0M g ha \u22121 yr \u22121 of stover left on the soil surface, respectively. Annual stover removal rate of N25% reduced SOC and soil productivity, but the magnitude of impacts depended on soil type and topographic conditions. Stover removal rate of 50% reduced grain yield by about 1.94 Mg ha \u22121 , stover yield by 0.97 Mg ha \u22121 , and SOC by 1.63 Mg ha \u22121 in an unglaciated, sloping, and erosion-prone soil (Pb0.05). The initial water infiltration rates were significantly reduced by N25% of stover removal on a RSL and CSL. Plant available water reserves and earthworm population were significantly reduced by 50% of stover removal at all soils. Increases in soil compaction due to stover removal were moderate. Stover removal impacts on SOC, crop yield, and water infiltration for HCL were not significant. Results from this study following 2 1/2 yr of stover management suggest that only a small fraction (\u226425%) of the total corn stover produced can be removed for biofuel feedstocks from sloping and erosion-prone soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Humberto Blanco-Canqui,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.06.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.06.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.06.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.06.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-30", "title": "Grazing Effects On Ecosystem Co2 Fluxes Regulated By Interannual Climate Fluctuation In A Temperate Grassland Steppe In Northern China", "description": "Abstract   The dynamics of CO2 fluxes on grassland ecosystem can be highly affected by grazing intensity and climate variation. To determine the role of grazing intensity on grassland ecosystem CO2 fluxes, we used static chamber methods to measure net ecosystem exchange for CO2 (NEE) and its two components, gross ecosystem production (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (Re), during three growing seasons on a steppe site located at the southeastern edge of the Mongolian Plateau in China. Objectives were to document how NEE, GEP and Re varied seasonally and interannually, and to examine how environmental factors and grazing intensity influenced the C budget. Sheep grazed during the growing seasons of 2012\u201314 at a stocking rate of 0, 1.43 and 2.33 sheep units ha \u22121year\u22121 for ungrazed (UG), moderately grazed (MG) and heavily grazed (HG) sites, respectively. Results showed that both grazing intensity and climatic variability significantly affected NEE, GEP and Re. Precipitation or soil water content and aboveground biomass (AGB) critically controlled NEE and GEP. Precipitation during the growing season of 2013 was 34% greater than that in 2014 and 2012, and 38% higher than long-term mean precipitation (244\u00a0mm, 1953\u20132012). Precipitation was low between days 150\u2013260 in 2012 and 2013 compared to that in 2014 with lower precipitation during days 205\u2013260. Despite strong intra- and interannual influences on ecosystem CO2 fluxes, interaction of year and grazing intensity only affected NEE (P\u00a0=\u00a00.026) and not GEP (P\u00a0=\u00a00.286) or Re (P\u00a0=\u00a00.984). Seasonal values of NEE (-7.5\u00a0\u03bcmol CO2 m\u22122s\u22121), GEP (-12.2\u00a0\u03bcmol CO2 m\u22122s\u22121), and Re (3.4\u00a0\u03bcmol CO2 m\u22122s\u22121) in 2013 were approximately 47% (46\u201348%), 34% (33\u201335%), and 22% (6\u201338%) higher than those in 2012 and 2014, respectively. The temperate steppe in northern China was a sink for C during the growing season for the grazing intensities evaluated in our study with the MG site exhibiting the greatest NEE and GEP. Mean cumulative carbon uptake for MG was 1005\u00a0\u00b1\u00a045\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122, which was 31 and 98% greater than that for UG and HG, respectively. Results from our study suggested that both no grazing and heavy grazing significantly decreased C fixation of the steppe grassland (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yuping Rong, Lingling Zhu, Lingling Zhu, Douglas A. Johnson, Zhongmei Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.036", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=2.+Zero+hunger&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=2.+Zero+hunger&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=2.+Zero+hunger&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=2.+Zero+hunger&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 9508, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-24T00:45:25.626251Z"}