{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-11", "title": "Water availability creates global thresholds in multidimensional soil biodiversity and functions", "description": "Soils support an immense portion of Earth's biodiversity and maintain multiple ecosystem functions which are essential for human well-being. Environmental thresholds are known to govern global vegetation patterns, but it is still unknown whether they can be used to predict the distribution of soil organisms and functions across global biomes. Using a global field survey of 383 sites across contrasting climatic and vegetation conditions, here we showed that soil biodiversity and functions exhibited pervasive nonlinear patterns worldwide and are mainly governed by water availability (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration). Changes in water availability resulted in drastic shifts in soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and soil functions including plant-microbe interactions, plant productivity, soil biogeochemical cycles and soil carbon sequestration. Our findings highlight that crossing specific water availability thresholds can have critical consequences for the provision of essential ecosystem services needed to sustain our planet.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "2505.01 Biogeograf\u00eda", "Medio ambiente natural", "Water availability", "2417.13 Ecolog\u00eda Vegetal", "2417.90 Fijaci\u00f3n y Movilizaci\u00f3n Biol\u00f3gica de Nutrientes", "Water", "Edafolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Soil functions", "574", "Soil biodiversity", "Invertebrates", "6. Clean water", "631.4", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Animals", "Humans", "Thresholds", "502.5", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s42949-024-00154-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-16", "title": "Urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil ecosystem services", "description": "Abstract

Greenspaces are important for sustaining healthy urban environments and their human populations. Yet their capacity to support multiple ecosystem services simultaneously (multiservices) compared with nearby natural ecosystems remains virtually unknown. We conducted a global field survey in 56 urban areas to investigate the influence of urban greenspaces on 23 soil and plant attributes and compared them with nearby natural environments. We show that, in general, urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil multiservices, with only six of 23 attributes (available phosphorus, water holding capacity, water respiration, plant cover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and arachnid richness) significantly greater in greenspaces, and one (available ammonium) greater in natural areas. Further analyses showed that, although natural areas and urban greenspaces delivered a similar number of services at low (>25% threshold) and moderate (>50%) levels of functioning, natural systems supported significantly more functions at high (>75%) levels of functioning. Management practices (mowing) played an important role in explaining urban ecosystem services, but there were no effects of fertilisation or irrigation. Some services declined with increasing site size, for both greenspaces and natural areas. Our work highlights the fact that urban greenspaces are more similar to natural environments than previously reported and underscores the importance of managing urban greenspaces not only for their social and recreational values, but for supporting multiple ecosystem services on which soils and human well-being depends.Despite their importance, how plant communities and soil microorganisms interact to determine the capacity of ecosystems to provide multiple functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) under climate change is poorly known. We conducted a common garden experiment using grassland species to evaluate how plant functional structure and soil microbial (bacteria and protists) diversity and abundance regulate soil multifunctionality responses to joint changes in plant species richness (one, three and six species) and simulated climate change (3\uffc2\uffb0C warming and 35% rainfall reduction). The effects of species richness and climate on soil multifunctionality were indirectly driven via changes in plant functional structure and their relationships with the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and protists. More specifically, warming selected for the larger and most productive plant species, increasing the average size within communities and leading to reductions in functional plant diversity. These changes increased the total abundance of bacteria that, in turn, increased that of protists, ultimately promoting soil multifunctionality. Our work suggests that cascading effects between plant functional traits and the abundance of multitrophic soil organisms largely regulate the response of soil multifunctionality to simulated climate change, and ultimately provides novel experimental insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of biodiversity and climate change on ecosystem functioning.Greenspaces are important for sustaining healthy urban environments and their human populations. Yet their capacity to support multiple ecosystem services simultaneously (multiservices) compared with nearby natural ecosystems remains virtually unknown. We conducted a global field survey in 56 urban areas to investigate the influence of urban greenspaces on 23 soil and plant attributes and compared them with nearby natural environments. We show that, in general, urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil multiservices, with only six of 23 attributes (available phosphorus, water holding capacity, water respiration, plant cover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and arachnid richness) significantly greater in greenspaces, and one (available ammonium) greater in natural areas. Further analyses showed that, although natural areas and urban greenspaces delivered a similar number of services at low (>25% threshold) and moderate (>50%) levels of functioning, natural systems supported significantly more functions at high (>75%) levels of functioning. Management practices (mowing) played an important role in explaining urban ecosystem services, but there were no effects of fertilisation or irrigation. Some services declined with increasing site size, for both greenspaces and natural areas. Our work highlights the fact that urban greenspaces are more similar to natural environments than previously reported and underscores the importance of managing urban greenspaces not only for their social and recreational values, but for supporting multiple ecosystem services on which soils and human well-being depends.Despite their importance, how plant communities and soil microorganisms interact to determine the capacity of ecosystems to provide multiple functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) under climate change is poorly known. We conducted a common garden experiment using grassland species to evaluate how plant functional structure and soil microbial (bacteria and protists) diversity and abundance regulate soil multifunctionality responses to joint changes in plant species richness (one, three and six species) and simulated climate change (3\uffc2\uffb0C warming and 35% rainfall reduction). The effects of species richness and climate on soil multifunctionality were indirectly driven via changes in plant functional structure and their relationships with the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and protists. More specifically, warming selected for the larger and most productive plant species, increasing the average size within communities and leading to reductions in functional plant diversity. These changes increased the total abundance of bacteria that, in turn, increased that of protists, ultimately promoting soil multifunctionality. Our work suggests that cascading effects between plant functional traits and the abundance of multitrophic soil organisms largely regulate the response of soil multifunctionality to simulated climate change, and ultimately provides novel experimental insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of biodiversity and climate change on ecosystem functioning.

Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and species-poor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Climate", "Edafolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "630", "3104 Producci\u00f3n Animal", "Dryland", "Soil", "636", "2511.06 Conservaci\u00f3n de Suelos", "591.5", "Climate change", "3104.90 Sistemas de Producci\u00f3n Ganadera", "biodiversity", "2. Zero hunger", "2417.13 Ecolog\u00eda Vegetal", "Qu\u00edmica", "Biodiversity", "2502 Climatolog\u00eda", "Grazing", "2401.06 Ecolog\u00eda Animal", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "ddc:570", "Rangeland", "581.5", "Ecolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "570", "632.11", "Ecosystem services (ES)", "Livestock", "Climate Change", "631.45", "Wild", "SDG-02: Zero hunger", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Humans", "Ecosystem services", "grazing", "Herbivory", "14. Life underwater", "climate", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "631.585", "Ecosystem", "551.583", "SDG-15: Life on land", "3103.10 Pastos", "Systems", "Drylands", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "58.032.3", "Veterinaria", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10451/56169/1/abq4062_CombinedPDF_v4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2263/91312"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2263/91312", "name": "item", "description": "2263/91312", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2263/91312"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2893251307", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:25:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-22", "title": "Cascading effects from plants to soil microorganisms explain how plant species richness and simulated climate change affect soil multifunctionality", "description": "Abstract

Despite their importance, how plant communities and soil microorganisms interact to determine the capacity of ecosystems to provide multiple functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) under climate change is poorly known. We conducted a common garden experiment using grassland species to evaluate how plant functional structure and soil microbial (bacteria and protists) diversity and abundance regulate soil multifunctionality responses to joint changes in plant species richness (one, three and six species) and simulated climate change (3\uffc2\uffb0C warming and 35% rainfall reduction). The effects of species richness and climate on soil multifunctionality were indirectly driven via changes in plant functional structure and their relationships with the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and protists. More specifically, warming selected for the larger and most productive plant species, increasing the average size within communities and leading to reductions in functional plant diversity. These changes increased the total abundance of bacteria that, in turn, increased that of protists, ultimately promoting soil multifunctionality. Our work suggests that cascading effects between plant functional traits and the abundance of multitrophic soil organisms largely regulate the response of soil multifunctionality to simulated climate change, and ultimately provides novel experimental insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of biodiversity and climate change on ecosystem functioning.