{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-22", "title": "A Three-Year Experiment Confirms Continuous Immobilization Of Cadmium And Lead In Contaminated Paddy Field With Biochar Amendment", "description": "Heavy metal contamination in croplands has been a serious concern because of its high health risk through soil-food chain transfer. A field experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 in a contaminated rice paddy in southern China to determine if bioavailability of soil Cd and Pb could be reduced while grain yield was sustained over 3 years after a single soil amendment of wheat straw biochar. Contaminated biochar particles were separated from the biochar amended soil and microscopically analyzed to help determine where, and how, metals were immobilized with biochar. Biochar soil amendment (BSA) consistently and significantly increased soil pH, total organic carbon and decreased soil extractable Cd and Pb over the 3 year period. While rice plant tissues' Cd content was significantly reduced, depending on biochar application rate, reduction in plant Pb concentration was found only in root tissue. Analysis of the fresh and contaminated biochar particles indicated that Cd and Pb had probably been bonded with the mineral phases of Al, Fe and P on and around and inside the contaminated biochar particle. Immobilization of the Pb and Cd also occurred to cation exchange on the porous carbon structure.", "keywords": ["China", "anzsrc-for: 4105 Pollution and Contamination", "Soil remediation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "4102 Ecological Applications", "Aged biochar", "02 engineering and technology", "41 Environmental Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "anzsrc-for: 41 Environmental Sciences", "4105 Pollution and Contamination", "anzsrc-for: 40 Engineering", "Soil", "anzsrc-for: 34 Chemical sciences", "Metals", " Heavy", "Soil Pollutants", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "anzsrc-for: 03 Chemical Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "anzsrc-for: 05 Environmental Sciences", "Oryza", "Heavy", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Heavy metal pollution", "anzsrc-for: 4102 Ecological Applications", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "Lead", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Rice paddy", "Adsorption", "anzsrc-for: 09 Engineering", "Cadmium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.12327", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-20", "title": "Changes in organic carbon and nitrogen in soil with metal pollution by Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn: a meta-analysis", "description": "Summary<p>Organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) storage in soil plays an important role in global climate change and in maintaining food security. Pollution of soil with heavy metals has occurred in many parts of the world, but their effects on soil OC and N have not been well addressed. Relevant data were extracted from peer\uffe2\uff80\uff90reviewed journal papers and analysed by a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to determine how long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term heavy metal pollution affected soil OC and N status. Plant biomass decreased significantly because heavy metals in soil decreased soil OC and N concentrations by 5.0 and 17.9%, respectively, but increased the C/N ratio by 5.1%. The largest reductions in soil OC and N concentrations were in soil more strongly polluted by metals. The changes in soil OC and N with metal pollution varied with climatic conditions. More substantial decreases in OC and N concentrations were likely to occur in polluted soil with large background contents of OC and low pH. Overall, heavy metals were linked to greater reductions in soil OC and N concentrations in natural ecosystems than in agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90ecosystems. These results provided a quantitative evaluation of the effects of heavy metal pollution on the decrease in soil C and N concentrations and, therefore, on global climate change. Further consideration should be given to changes in the cycling of C and N in soil polluted with metals in natural and agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90ecosystems.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "anzsrc-for: 0503 Soil Sciences", "550", "anzsrc-for: 4105 Pollution and Contamination", "anzsrc-for: 0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "anzsrc-for: 4106 Soil sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "41 Environmental Sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "anzsrc-for: 41 Environmental Sciences", "anzsrc-for: 0607 Plant Biology", "4105 Pollution and Contamination", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12327"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.12327", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.12327", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.12327"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/220255", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:25:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-09", "title": "SHui, an EU-Chinese cooperative project to optimize soil and water management in agricultural areas in the XXI century", "description": "Open AccessThis work has been supported by Project SHui which is co-funded by the European Union Project GA 773903 and the Chinese MOST. This work has been supported by P12-AGR-0931 (Andalusian Government), RTA2014-00063- C04-03 (Spanish government), SHui (European Commission Grant Agreement number: 773903) and EU\u2012FEDER funds", "keywords": ["Yield", "550", "EROSION", "FLOW", "Cropping", "SIMULATE YIELD RESPONSE", "Soil Science", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "RICE YIELDS", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "4104 Environmental management", "4105 Pollution and contamination", "DRYING IRRIGATION", "11. Sustainability", "FAO CROP MODEL", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "1. No poverty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "6. Clean water", "4106 Soil sciences", "Cooperation", "Sustainability", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "Water Resources", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TA1-2040", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/220255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Soil%20and%20Water%20Conservation%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/220255", "name": "item", "description": "10261/220255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/220255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11590/469721", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-03", "title": "Towards a better understanding of pathways of multiple co-occurring erosion processes on global cropland", "description": "Soil erosion is a complex process involving multiple natural and anthropic agents, causing the deterioration of multiple components comprising soil health. Here, we provide an estimate of the spatial patterns of cropland susceptibility to erosion by sheet and rill, gully, wind, tillage, and root crops harvesting and report the co-occurrence of these processes using a multi-model approach. In addition, to give a global overview of potential future changes, we identify the locations where these multiple concurrent soil erosion processes may be expected to intersect with projected dry/wet climate changes by 2070. Of a modelled 1.48 billion hectares (B ha) of global cropland, our results indicate that 0.56\u00a0B\u00a0ha (\u223c36% of the total area) are highly susceptible (classes 4 and 5) to a single erosion process, 0.27\u00a0B\u00a0ha (\u223c18% of the total area) to two processes and 0.02\u00a0B\u00a0ha (1.4% of the total area) to three or more processes. An estimated 0.82\u00a0B\u00a0ha of croplands are susceptible to possible increases in water (0.68\u00a0B\u00a0ha) and wind (0.14\u00a0B\u00a0ha) erosion. We contend that the presented set of estimates represents a basis for enhancing our foundational knowledge on the geography of soil erosion at the global scale. The generated insight on multiple erosion processes can be a useful starting point for decision-makers working with ex-post and ex-ante policy evaluation of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 15 (Life on Land) activities. Scientifically, this work provides the hitherto most comprehensive assessment of soil erosion risks at the global scale, based on state-of-the-art models.", "keywords": ["550", "IMPACT", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "multi-model approach", "Wind", "SEDIMENT", "Gully", "11. Sustainability", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/631.4", "2. Zero hunger", "Multi-model approach", "Modelling; Multi-model approach; Water; Wind; Gully; Tillage; Crop harvesting", "Agriculture", "multi-modelski pristop", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "4106 Soil sciences", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "gully", "veter", "Physical Sciences", "Water Resources", "tillage", "TA1-2040", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "pobiranje pridelka", "water", "Soil Science", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "Modelling", "Tillage", "modelling", "4104 Environmental management", "4105 Pollution and contamination", "EUROPEAN-UNION", "modeliranje", "jarkovna erozija", "wind", "AGRICULTURAL SOIL-EROSION", "Science & Technology", "WATER EROSION", "500", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Crop harvesting", "13. Climate action", "voda", "crop harvesting", "Environmental Sciences", "erozija zaradi obdelave tal", "WIND EROSION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11590/469721"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Soil%20and%20Water%20Conservation%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11590/469721", "name": "item", "description": "11590/469721", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11590/469721"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3000130041", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-10", "title": "SHui, an EU-Chinese cooperative project to optimize soil and water management in agricultural areas in the XXI century", "description": "Open AccessThis work has been supported by Project SHui which is co-funded by the European Union Project GA 773903 and the Chinese MOST. This work has been supported by P12-AGR-0931 (Andalusian Government), RTA2014-00063- C04-03 (Spanish government), SHui (European Commission Grant Agreement number: 773903) and EU\u2012FEDER funds", "keywords": ["Yield", "550", "EROSION", "FLOW", "Cropping", "SIMULATE YIELD RESPONSE", "Soil Science", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "RICE YIELDS", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "4104 Environmental management", "4105 Pollution and contamination", "DRYING IRRIGATION", "11. Sustainability", "FAO CROP MODEL", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "1. No poverty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "6. Clean water", "4106 Soil sciences", "Cooperation", "Sustainability", "13. 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