{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/lno.11606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-25", "title": "The relevance of environment vs. composition on dissolved organic matter degradation in freshwaters", "description": "Abstract

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition exerts a direct control on its degradation and subsequent persistence in aquatic ecosystems. Yet, under certain conditions, the degradation patterns of DOM cannot be solely explained by its composition, highlighting the relevance of environmental conditions for DOM degradation. Here, we experimentally assessed the relative influence of composition vs. environment on DOM degradation by performing degradation bioassays using three contrasting DOM sources inoculated with a standardized bacterial inoculum under five distinct environments. The DOM degradation kinetics modeled using reactivity continuum models showed that composition was more important than environment in determining the bulk DOM decay patterns. Changes in DOM composition resulted from the interaction between DOM source and environment. The role of environment was stronger on shaping the bacterial community composition, but the intrinsic nature of the DOM source exerted stronger control on the DOM degradation function.High\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a vital tool for dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization. The upward trend in HRMS analysis of DOM presents challenges in data comparison and interpretation among laboratories operating instruments with differing performance and user operating conditions. It is therefore essential that the community establishes metric ranges and compositional trends for data comparison with reference samples so that data can be robustly compared among research groups. To this end, four identically prepared DOM samples were each measured by 16 laboratories, using 17 commercially purchased instruments, using positive\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion and negative\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) HRMS analyses. The instruments identified ~1000 common ions in both negative\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and positive\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion modes over a wide range of m/z values and chemical space, as determined by van Krevelen diagrams. Calculated metrics of abundance\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted average indices (H/C, O/C, aromaticity, and m/z) of the commonly detected ions showed that hydrogen saturation and aromaticity were consistent for each reference sample across the instruments, while average mass and oxygenation were more affected by differences in instrument type and settings. In this paper we present 32 metric values for future benchmarking. The metric values were obtained for the four different parameters from four samples in two ionization modes and can be used in future work to evaluate the performance of HRMS instruments.Determination of \uffce\uffb417O values directly from CO2 with traditional gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry is not possible due to isobaric interference of 13C16O16O on 12C17O16O. The methods developed so far use either chemical conversion or isotope equilibration to determine the \uffce\uffb417O value of CO2. In addition, \uffce\uffb413C measurements require correction for the interference from 12C17O16O on 13C16O16O since it is not possible to resolve the two isotopologues.

Methods

We present a technique to determine the \uffce\uffb417O, \uffce\uffb418O and \uffce\uffb413C values of CO2 from the fragment ions that are formed upon electron ionization in the ion source of the Thermo Scientific 253 Ultra high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer (hereafter 253 Ultra). The new technique is compared with the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90O2 exchange method and the 17O\uffe2\uff80\uff90correction algorithm for \uffce\uffb417O and \uffce\uffb413C values, respectively.

Results

The scale contractions for \uffce\uffb413C and \uffce\uffb418O values are slightly larger for fragment ion measurements than for molecular ion measurements. The \uffce\uffb417O and \uffce\uff9417O values of CO2 can be measured on the 17O+ fragment with an internal error that is a factor 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 above the counting statistics limit. The ultimate precision depends on the signal intensity and on the total time that the 17O+ beam is monitored; a precision of 14\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppm (parts per million) (standard error of the mean) was achieved in 20\uffe2\uff80\uff89hours at the University of G\uffc3\uffb6ttingen. The \uffce\uff9417O measurements with the O\uffe2\uff80\uff90fragment method agree with the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90O2 exchange method over a range of \uffce\uff9417O values of \uffe2\uff88\uff920.3 to +0.7\uffe2\uff80\uffb0.

Conclusions

Isotope measurements on atom fragment ions of CO2 can be used as an alternative method to determine the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of CO2 without chemical processing or corrections for mass interferences.

", "keywords": ["550", "NITROUS-OXIDE", "O-17/O-16", "ANALYTICAL SYSTEM", "01 natural sciences", "O-2", "0104 chemical sciences", "O-17 CORRECTION", "HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS", "13. Climate action", "Life Science", "ABUNDANCE", "DELTA-O-17", "EXCHANGE", "DIOXIDE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rapid%20Communications%20in%20Mass%20Spectrometry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ppp.2162", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-25", "title": "Thermokarst processes increase the supply of stabilizing surfaces and elements (Fe, Mn, Al, and Ca) for mineral\u2013organic carbon interactions", "description": "Abstract

The stabilizing properties of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff93organic carbon (OC) interactions have been studied in many soil environments (temperate soils, podzol lateritic soils, and paddy soils). Recently, interest in their role in permafrost regions is increasing as permafrost was identified as a hotspot of change. In thawing ice\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich permafrost regions, such as the Yedoma domain, 327\uffe2\uff80\uff93466 Gt of frozen OC is buried in deep sediments. Interactions between minerals and OC are important because OC is located very near the mineral matrix. Mineral surfaces and elements could mitigate recent and future greenhouse gas emissions through physical and/or physicochemical protection of OC. The dynamic changes in redox and pH conditions associated with thermokarst lake formation and drainage trigger metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide dissolution and precipitation, likely influencing OC stabilization and microbial mineralization. However, the influence of thermokarst processes on mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff93OC interactions remains poorly constrained. In this study, we aim to characterize Fe, Mn, Al, and Ca minerals and their potential protective role for OC. Total and selective extractions were used to assess the crystalline and amorphous oxides or complexed metal pools as well as the organic acids found within these pools. We analyzed four sediment cores from an ice\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich permafrost area in Central Yakutia, which were drilled (i) in undisturbed Yedoma uplands, (ii) beneath a recent lake formed within Yedoma deposits, (iii) in a drained thermokarst lake basin, and (iv) beneath a mature thermokarst lake from the early Holocene period. We find a decrease in the amount of reactive Fe, Mn, Al, and Ca in the deposits on lake formation (promoting reduction reactions), and this was largely balanced by an increase in the amount of reactive metals in the deposits on lake drainage (promoting oxidation reactions). We demonstrate an increase in the metal to C molar ratio on thermokarst process, which may indicate an increase in metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93C bindings and could provide a higher protective role against microbial mineralization of organic matter. Finally, we find that an increase in mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff93OC interactions corresponded to a decrease in CO2 and CH4 gas emissions on thermokarst process. Mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff93OC interactions could mitigate greenhouse gas production from permafrost thaw as soon as lake drainage occurs.Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for crops. Precise spatiotemporal application of P fertilizer can improve plant P acquisition and reduce run\uffe2\uff80\uff90off losses of P. Optimizing application would benefit from understanding the dynamics of P release from a fertilizer pellet into bulk soil, which requires space\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and time\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolved measurements of P concentration in soil solutions. In this study, we combined microdialysis and X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography to investigate P transport in soil. Microdialysis probes enabled repeated solute sampling from one location with minimal physical disturbance, and their small dimensions permitted spatially resolved monitoring. We observed a rapid initial release of P from the source, producing high dissolved P concentrations within the first 24\uffc2\uffa0h, followed by a decrease in dissolved P over time compatible with adsorption onto soil particles. Soils with greater bulk density (i.e., reduced soil porosity) impeded the P pulse movement, which resulted in a less homogeneous distribution of total P in the soil column at the end of the experiment. The model fit to the data showed that the observed phenomena can be explained by diffusion and adsorption. The results showed that compared with conventional measurement techniques (e.g., suction cups), microdialysis measurements present a less invasive alternative. The time\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolved measurements ultimately highlighted rapid P dynamics that require more attention for improving P use efficiency.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Nutrient Management & Soil & Plant Analysis", "500", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20161"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/saj2.20161", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/saj2.20161", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/saj2.20161"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/saj2.20687", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-27", "title": "Investigation of short\u2010term effects of forage radish on water and solute transport through a tracer test and inverse modeling", "description": "Abstract

The benefits of using cover crops for improving soil and water quality are well known. Less clear is whether cover crops, especially those forming a taproot system, can favor solute transport down to the groundwater by modifying soil hydraulic properties and solute dynamics. In this study, we employed 12 lysimeters to conduct a comparative analysis between a taproot cover crop, specifically forage radish (FR), and bare soil (BS), under three water table management conditions. Our objective was to evaluate whether the enhancement of root\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived macroporosity could have modified water and solute dynamics, and offset the benefits provided by FR that is commonly used to mitigate solute leaching. A tracer solution of bromide (Br\uffe2\uff88\uff92) was added to lysimeters, and solute flux concentrations were determined at different depths during a 25\uffe2\uff80\uff90day test. Soil moisture and pressure heads were monitored. Water and solute transport parameters were estimated by inverse modeling using HYDRUS\uffe2\uff80\uff901D. A complementary laboratory experiment was performed to quantify the effect of FR root apparatus on the macropore structure by using noninvasive X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray microtomography (\uffc2\uffb5CT). Results showed that the growth of FR within the lysimeters induced alterations in water and solute dynamics compared with BS. This is primarily attributed to its proficiency as solute scavenger, with an uptake capacity of up to 47% of the total injected tracer. Our comparative analysis instead revealed subtle differences in soil structure and hydraulic properties brought about by the presence of FR. Major changes were observed for the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), which increased from an average of 8.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9349.8\uffc2\uffa0cm day\uffe2\uff88\uff921 within the 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9345\uffc2\uffa0cm layer in BS and FR, respectively. Additionally, there was a difference in immobile water content (\uffce\uffb8im), with the values in FR averaging 21% lower than those in BS. These modifications can be attributed to the formation of fissures and channels, primarily concentrated in the proximity of taproot development, without extending into deep preferential flow pathways. These structural changes were supported by the nondestructive \uffc2\uffb5CT analyses. Upon aggregating the effects observed, solute movement to groundwater was not affected by FR compared to BS conditions. Current databases of soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) have typically been used to develop pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to estimate water retention [\uffce\uffb8( h )] assuming a unimodal pore\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distribution. However, natural soils often show the presence of bimodal to multimodal pore\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distributions. Here, we used three widely spread databases for PTF development: UNsaturated SOil hydraulic DAtabase (UNSODA) 2.0, Vereecken, and European hydropedological data inventory (EU\uffe2\uff80\uff90HYDI), to analyze the presence of structural effects in both \uffce\uffb8( h ) and hydraulic conductivity [ K ( h )]. Only undisturbed samples were included in the analysis that contained enough datapoints for both \uffce\uffb8( h ) and K ( h ) properties, especially in the wet range. One\uffe2\uff80\uff90hundred ninety\uffe2\uff80\uff90two samples were suitable for our analysis, which is only 1% of the total samples in the three databases. Results showed that 65% of the samples exhibited a bimodal pore\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distribution, and bimodality was not limited to fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured but also coarser\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soils. The Mualem\uffe2\uff80\uff93van Genuchten (MvG) expression for both unimodal and bimodal soils was not able to predict the observed unsaturated K . Only a joint fitting of measured \uffce\uffb8( h ) and K ( h ) functions provided parameter estimates that were able to describe unsaturated K for uni\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and bimodal soils. In addition, we observed a negative relationship between \uffce\uffb1 and n in the case of low sand content (<52%) for both unimodal and bimodal matrix domain properties, contradicting the classical notion. The ratio of \uffce\uffb1 for the macropore and matrix domain was positively correlated with the fraction of macropores and sand content. We anticipate that the results will contribute to deriving PTF for structured soils and avoid unrealistic combinations of MvG parameters. Current predictions of climate change include altered rainfall patterns throughout Europe, continental USA and areas such as the Amazon. The effect of this on soil carbon efflux remains unclear although several modelling studies have highlighted the potential importance of drought for carbon storage. To test the importance of drought, and more importantly repeated drought year\uffe2\uff80\uff90on\uffe2\uff80\uff90year, we used automated retractable curtains to exclude rain and produce repeated summer drought in three heathlands at varying moisture conditions. This included a hydric system limited by water\uffe2\uff80\uff90excess (in the UK) and two mesic systems with seasonal water limitation in Denmark (DK) and the Netherlands (NL). The experimental rainfall reductions were set to reflect single year droughts observed in the last decade with exclusion of rain for 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 months of the year resulting in a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9326% reduction in annual rainfall and 23\uffe2\uff80\uff9338% reduction in mean soil moisture during the drought period. Unexpectedly, sustained reduction in soil moisture over winter (between drought periods) was also observed at all three sites, along with a reduction in the maximum water\uffe2\uff80\uff90holding capacity attained. Three hypotheses are discussed which may have contributed to this lack of recovery in soil moisture: hydrophobicity of soil organic matter, increased water use by plants and increased cracking of the soil. The responses of soil respiration to this change in soil moisture varied among the sites: decreased rates were observed at the water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited NL and DK sites whilst they increased at the UK site. Reduced sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature was observed at soil moisture contents above 55% at the UK site and below 20% and 13% at the NL and DK sites, respectively. Soil respiration rates recovered to predrought levels in the NL and DK sites during the winter re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting period that indicates any change in soil C storage due to changes in soil C efflux may be short lived in these mesic systems. In contrast, in the hydric UK site after 2 years of drought treatment, the persistent reduction in soil moisture throughout the year resulted in a year\uffe2\uff80\uff90round increase in soil respiration flux, a response that accelerated over time to 40% above control levels. These findings suggest that carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich soils with high organic matter content may act as a significant source of CO2 to the atmosphere following repeated summer drought. Nonrecovery of soil moisture and a persistent increase in soil respiration may be the primary mechanism underlying the reported substantial losses of soil carbon from UK organic soils over the last 20 years. These findings indicate that the water status of an ecosystem will be a critical factor to consider in determining the impact of drought on the soil carbon fluxes and storage.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "organic soils", "VULCAN project", "drought", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "551", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-007-0237-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-25", "title": "Microbial Response To The Addition Of Glucose In Low-Fertility Soils", "description": "Addition of soluble organic substrates to soil has been shown to either increase or restrict the rate of microbial CO2\u2013C evolution. This has been attributed to a priming effect resulting from accelerated or decreased turnover of the soil organic matter including the soil microflora. We investigated microbial responses to small glucose-C additions (10\u201350 \u03bcg C g1 soil) in arable soils either amended or not with cellulose. An immediate CO2\u2013C release between 0 and 69 h (equivalent to 59% of glucose-C applied) was measured. However, only half of the CO2\u2013C respired could be attributed to the utilisation of glucose-C substrate, based on the percentage of 14C\u2013CO2 evolved after the addition of a 14C-labelled glucose tracer. Thus, although no evidence of an immediate release of \u2018extra\u2019 C above the rate applied as glucose-C was observed, the pattern of decomposition for 14C-glucose suggested utilisation of an alternate C source. Based on this, a positive priming effect (1.5 to 4.3 times the amount CO2\u2013C evolved that was attributed to glucose-C decomposition) was observed for at least 170 h in non-cellulose-amended soil and 612 h in cellulose-amended soil. Two further phases of microbial activity in cellulose-amended soils were attributed to either activation of different microbial populations or end-product inhibition of cellulase activity after glucose addition. During these subsequent phases, a negative priming effect of between 0.1 and 1.5 times was observed. Findings indicate that the response of the microbial community to small additions of soluble organic C substrate is not consistent and support the premise that microbial response varies in a yet to be predicted manner between soil type and ecosystems. We hypothesise that this is due to differences in the microbial community structure activated by the addition of organic C and the timing of soluble organic substrate addition with respect to the current dissolved organic C status of the soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-007-0237-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-007-0237-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-007-0237-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-007-0237-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-10", "title": "Soil Organic Phosphorus And Microbial Community Composition As Affected By 26 Years Of Different Management Strategies", "description": "Open AccessBiology and Fertility of Soils, 44 (5)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "crop rotation; FAME; microbial community composition; solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy; soil organic phosphorus", "microbial community composition", "Solution 31P NMR spectroscopy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy", "15. Life on land", "soil organic phosphorus", "630", "6. Clean water", "FAME", "Microbial community composition", "crop rotation", "Crop rotation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil organic phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00382-016-3308-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-23", "title": "Assessing mid-latitude dynamics in extreme event attribution systems", "description": "Open AccessISSN:1432-0894", "keywords": ["Atmospheric Science", "550", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "551", "01 natural sciences", "Dynamics", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "13. Climate action", "Mid-latitudes", "Event attribution; Dynamics; Mid-latitudes; Extreme", "Event attribution", "Extreme", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/66579/7/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00382-016-3308-z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3308-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climate%20Dynamics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00382-016-3308-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00382-016-3308-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00382-016-3308-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-04", "title": "Soil Warming Alters Nitrogen Cycling In A New England Forest: Implications For Ecosystem Function And Structure", "description": "Global climate change is expected to affect terrestrial ecosystems in a variety of ways. Some of the more well-studied effects include the biogeochemical feedbacks to the climate system that can either increase or decrease the atmospheric load of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Less well-studied are the effects of climate change on the linkages between soil and plant processes. Here, we report the effects of soil warming on these linkages observed in a large field manipulation of a deciduous forest in southern New England, USA, where soil was continuously warmed 5\u00b0C above ambient for 7 years. Over this period, we have observed significant changes to the nitrogen cycle that have the potential to affect tree species composition in the long term. Since the start of the experiment, we have documented a 45% average annual increase in net nitrogen mineralization and a three-fold increase in nitrification such that in years 5 through 7, 25% of the nitrogen mineralized is then nitrified. The warming-induced increase of available nitrogen resulted in increases in the foliar nitrogen content and the relative growth rate of trees in the warmed area. Acer rubrum (red maple) trees have responded the most after 7 years of warming, with the greatest increases in both foliar nitrogen content and relative growth rates. Our study suggests that considering species-specific responses to increases in nitrogen availability and changes in nitrogen form is important in predicting future forest composition and feedbacks to the climate system.", "keywords": ["Ecosystem ecology - Original Paper", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Population Dynamics", "Acer", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Nitrate Reductase", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "New England", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-07", "title": "Effects Of Drought And N-Fertilization On N Cycling In Two Grassland Soils", "description": "Open AccessOecologia, 171 (3)", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "N2O fluxes", "550", "functional genes", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Nitrification and denitrification", "enzyme activites", "Urine", "630", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "Soil", "Quantitative PCR", "Climate change; Enzyme activities; Functional genes; Quantitative PCR; Nitrification and denitrification; N2O fluxes", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Animals", "Climate change", "Enzyme activities", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Functional genes", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Plants", "Archaea", "Droughts", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "1105 Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "climate change", "Genes", " Bacterial", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "quantitative PCR", "Denitrification", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "Cattle", "nitrification and denitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-004-0220-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-06-19", "title": "The Response Of Soil Processes To Climate Change: Results From Manipulation Studies Of Shrublands Across An Environmental Gradient", "description": "Predicted changes in climate may affect key soil processes such as respiration and net nitrogen (N) mineralization and thus key ecosystem functions such as carbon (C) storage and nutrient availability. To identify the sensitivity of shrubland soils to predicted climate changes, we have carried out experimental manipulations involving ecosystem warming and prolonged summer drought in ericaceous shrublands across a European climate gradient. We used retractable covers to create artificial nighttime warming and prolonged summer drought to 20-m2 experimental plots. Combining the data from across the environmental gradient with the results from the manipulation experiments provides evidence for strong climate controls on soil respiration, net N mineralization and nitrification, and litter decomposition. Trends of 0%\u201319% increases of soil respiration in response to warming and decreases of 3%\u201329% in response to drought were observed. Across the environmental gradient and below soil temperatures of 20\u00b0C at a depth of 5\u201310 cm, a mean Q10 of 4.1 in respiration rates was observed although this varied from 2.4 to 7.0 between sites. Highest Q10 values were observed in Spain and the UK and were therefore not correlated with soil temperature. A trend of increased accumulated surface litter mass loss was observed with experimental warming (2%\u2013 22%) but there was no consistent response to experimental drought. In contrast to soil respiration and decomposition, variability in net N mineralization was best explained by soil moisture rather than temperature. When water was neither limiting or in excess, a Q10 of 1.5 was observed for net N mineralization rates. These data suggest that key soil processes will be differentially affected by predicted changes in rainfall pattern and temperature and the net effect on ecosystem functioning will be difficult to predict without a greater understanding of the controls underlying the sensitivity of soils to climate variables.", "keywords": ["580", "550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0220-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-004-0220-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-004-0220-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-004-0220-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-06-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-021-00759-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-26", "title": "How much carbon can be added to soil by sorption?", "description": "Abstract

Quantifying the upper limit of stable soil carbon storage is essential for guiding policies to increase soil carbon storage. One pool of carbon considered particularly stable across climate zones and soil types is formed when dissolved organic carbon sorbs to minerals. We quantified, for the first time, the potential of mineral soils to sorb additional dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for six soil orders. We compiled 402 laboratory sorption experiments to estimate the additional DOC sorption potential, that is the potential of excess DOC sorption in addition to the existing background level already sorbed in each soil sample. We estimated this potential using gridded climate and soil geochemical variables within a machine learning model. We find that mid- and low-latitude soils and subsoils have a greater capacity to store DOC by sorption compared to high-latitude soils and topsoils. The global additional DOC sorption potential for six soil orders is estimated to be 107 $$ pm$$ \uffc2\uffb1 13 Pg C to 1\uffc2\uffa0m depth. If this potential was realized, it would represent a 7% increase in the existing total carbon stock.13C", "570", "550", "Chronosequence C4/C3", "14 C", "14C", "13 C", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Molecular dynamics", "15. Life on land", "n-Alkanes", "Chronosequence C 4 /C 3", "PTMEs", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9920-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-013-9920-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-013-9920-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-013-9920-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-28", "title": "Thermal Submesoscale Motions in the Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer. Part 1: Detection and Mean Statistics", "description": "Abstract

Submesoscale motions within the stable boundary layer were detected during the Shallow Cold Pool Experiment conducted in the Colorado plains, Colorado, U.S.A. in 2012. The submesoscale motion consisted of two air layers creating a well-defined front with a sharp temperature gradient, and further-on referred to as a thermal submesofront (TSF). The semi-stationary TSFs and their advective velocities are detected and determined by the fibre-optic distributed-sensing\uffc2\uffa0(FODS) technique. An objective detection algorithm utilizing FODS measurements is able to detect the TSF boundary, which enables a detailed investigation of its spatio\uffe2\uff80\uff93temporal statistics. The novel approach in data processing is to conditionally average any parameter depending on the distance between a TSF boundary and the measurement location. By doing this, a spatially-distributed feature like TSFs can be characterized by point observations and processes at the TSF boundary can be investigated. At the TSF boundary, the air layers converge, creating an updraft, strong static stability, and vigorous mixing. Further, the TSF advective velocity of TSFs is an order of magnitude lower than the mean wind speed. Despite being gentle, the topography plays an important role in TSF formation. Details on generating mechanisms and implications of TSFs on the stable boundary layer are discussed in Part 2.

", "keywords": ["Topography", "550", "13. Climate action", "Submesoscale motion", "0207 environmental engineering", "500", "02 engineering and technology", "Stable boundary layer", "01 natural sciences", "Fibre optics ; Submesoscale motion ; Research Article ; Stable boundary layer ; Topography", "Fibre optics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Boundary-Layer%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10546-021-00619-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-28", "title": "Thermal Submeso Motions in the Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer. Part 2: Generating Mechanisms and Implications", "description": "Abstract

In the stable boundary layer, thermal submesofronts (TSFs) are detected during the Shallow Cold Pool experiment in the Colorado plains, Colorado, USA in 2012. The topography induces TSFs by forming two different air layers converging on the valley-side wall while being stacked vertically above the valley bottom. The warm-air layer is mechanically generated by lee turbulence that consistently elevates near-surface temperatures, while the cold-air layer is thermodynamically driven by radiative cooling and the corresponding cold-air drainage decreases near-surface temperatures. The semi-stationary TSFs can only be detected, tracked, and investigated in detail when using fibre-optic distributed sensing (FODS), as point observations miss TSFs most of the time. Neither the occurrence of TSFs nor the characteristics of each air layer are connected to a specific wind or thermal regime. However, each air layer is characterized by a specific relationship between the wind speed and the friction velocity. Accordingly, a single threshold separating different flow regimes within the boundary layer is an oversimplification, especially during the occurrence of TSFs. No local forcings or their combination could predict the occurrence of TSFs except that they are less likely to occur during stronger near-surface or synoptic-scale flow. While classical conceptualizations and techniques of the boundary layer fail in describing the formation of TSFs, the use of spatially continuous data obtained from FODS provide new insights. Future studies need to incorporate spatially continuous data in the horizontal and vertical planes, in addition to classic sensor networks of sonic anemometry and thermohygrometers to fully characterize and describe boundary-layer phenomena.

", "keywords": ["Topography", "550", "13. Climate action", "Submesoscale motion", "0207 environmental engineering", "500", "02 engineering and technology", "Stable boundary layer", "01 natural sciences", "Fibre optics ; Submesoscale motion ; Research Article ; Stable boundary layer ; Topography", "Fibre optics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10546-021-00619-z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00619-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Boundary-Layer%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10546-021-00619-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10546-021-00619-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10546-021-00619-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-01", "title": "Dynamics Of Organic Carbon And Microbial Biomass In Alluvial Soil With Tillage And Amendments In Rice-Wheat Systems", "description": "Rice-wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) occupying 12 million ha of productive land are important for the food security of South Asia. There are, however, concerns that yield and factor productivity trends in these systems are declining/stagnating in recent years. Decrease in soil organic carbon is often suggested as a reason for such trends. A field experiment was conducted to study the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) dynamics in the rice-wheat systems. Use of organic amendments and puddling of soil before rice transplanting increased SOC and MBC contents. Microbial biomass carbon showed a seasonal pattern. It was low initially, reached its peak during the flowering stages in both rice and wheat and declined thereafter. Microbial biomass carbon was linearly related to SOC in both rice and wheat indicating that SOC could be used as a proxy for MBC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Carbon", "Earth sciences", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Banerjee, B., Aggarwal, P. K., Pathak, H., Singh, A. K., Chaudhary, A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-15", "title": "Are Nitrogen-Fertilized Forest Soils Sinks Or Sources Of Carbon?", "description": "We developed a simple conceptual model that tracks nitrogen and carbon jointly through an N fertilized forest ecosystem. The stimulation of growth increases the litterfall and imports substrate for soil microorganisms. Microbial biomass forms according to the supply of C and N. The formation of microbial biomass is accompanied by respiratory C losses. The quantity of CO2 efflux depends on the C use efficiency of microbes. When excess N is available, the microbial activity is accelerated and the demand for substrate is high. Litterfall supplies an insufficient amount of C to the soil. In such a case, labile soil C is mineralized and the net effect of N fertilization is a loss of soil C. A strong N fertilization effect on the aboveground biomass can offset the soil C loss. In the case of a low N dosage or high N losses due to leaching or emission of nitrogen oxides, the soil C loss is small. The conceptual model was applied to a case study. The field data, collected over a time span of several decades, could not support sound conclusions on the temporal trend of soil C because the spatial and temporal variability of the chemical data was high. The conceptual model allowed to give an evaluation of the fertilization effect on soil C based on reproducible principles.", "keywords": ["nitrogen-fertilized", "sinks", "550", "Nitrogen", "carbon", "souces", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "forest soils", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Forest Sciences", "Environmental Sciences", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Van Miegroet, H., Jandl, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-13", "title": "Effect of digestate application on microbial respiration and bacterial communities' diversity during bioremediation of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soils", "description": "Digestate is an organic by-product of biogas production via anaerobic digestion processes and has a great potential as soil fertilizer due to concentrated nutrients. In this study, we examined digestate as a potential nutrient and microbial seeding for bioremediation of weathered (aged) petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils. We analysed 6 different treatments in microcosm using two industrial soils having different textures: a clay rich soil and a sandy soil. After 30\u202fdays of incubation, the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal was observed in microcosms containing digestate together with bulking agent (17.8% and 12.7% higher than control in clay rich soil and sandy soil, respectively) or digestate together with immobilized bacteria (13.4% and 9% higher than control in clay rich soil and sandy soil, respectively). After digestate application microbial respiration was enhanced in sandy soil and inhibited in clay rich soil due to aggregates formation. After bulking agent addition to clay rich soil aggregates size was reduced and oxygen uptake was improved. Application of digestate to soil resulted in the development of distinct microbial groups in amended and non-amended soils. Genera containing species able to degrade TPH like Acinetobacter and Mycobacterium were abundant in digestate and in soil amended with digestate. Quantification of alkB genes, encoding alkane monoxygenase, revealed high concentration of these genes in digestate bacterial community. After application of digestate, the level of alkB genes significantly increased in soils and remained high until the end of the treatment. The study revealed great potential of digestate as a nutrient and bacteria source for soil bioremediation.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "TPH removal", "550", "Soil remediation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "alkB genes; Organic fertilizers; qPCR; Soil remediation; TPH removal; Biodegradation", " Environmental; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum; Petroleum Pollution; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Soil Microbiology", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Organic fertilizers", "Environmental", "Soil", "alkB genes", "Soil Pollutants", "Petroleum Pollution", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "15. Life on land", "Hydrocarbons", "6. Clean water", "qPCR", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Petroleum", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Biodegradation", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-005-0510-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-29", "title": "Measurement And Modelling Of No Fluxes On Maize And Wheat Crops During Their Growing Seasons: Effect Of Crop Management", "description": "Fertilized agricultural soils are a significant source of NO, a gas involved in tropospheric ozone formation. The aims of the research reported here were to measure NO fluxes over the length of the growing season of wheat and maize crops, and to build a model of soil NO emissions from arable land. Field experiments were carried out on a 1-ha field divided into two parts. The first one was cropped with wheat and harvested in late July, 2002, whereas the second part was sown with maize and harvested in October. The wheat and maize received 130 kg N ha\u22121 and 140 kg N ha\u22121, respectively. For each crop, NO fluxes were measured during 10 months every 2 weeks using manual closed chambers, and continuously with a wind tunnel immediately after nitrogen fertilization. Fertilizer application significantly affected NO emissions: the largest NO emissions were recorded a few days after nitrogen application. This delay depended on the kinetics of nitrogen incorporation in the soil, as influenced by rainfall. The emissions measured on the maize field (2.6% of the fertilizer amount applied) were more important than those on the wheat field (1.0% of the fertilizer amount applied), owing to differences in timing of nitrogen application, with respect to climate and crop growth. Relationships between soil nitrification rate and NO emission obtained from laboratory incubations, and experimental data appeared useful and relevant to predict NO emissions at the field-scale.", "keywords": ["[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]", "[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Arable soils", "15. Life on land", "NO emission", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Modelling", "[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Influencing factors", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biogenic", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-0510-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-005-0510-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-005-0510-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-005-0510-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-14", "title": "Runoff And Sediment Losses From 27 Upland Catchments In Southeast Asia: Impact Of Rapid Land Use Changes And Conservation Practices", "description": "Rapid changes in upland farming systems in Southeast Asia generated predominantly by increased population pressure and 'market forces' have resulted in widespread land degradation that has been well documented at the plot scale. Yet, the links between agricultural activities in the uplands and downstream off-site effects remain largely unknown because of the difficulties in transferring results from plots to a larger scale. Many authors have thus pointed out the need for long-term catchment studies. The objective of this paper is to summarize the results obtained by the Management of Soil Erosion Consortium (MSEC) over the last 5 years from 27 catchments in five countries (Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam). The purpose of the study was to assess the impacts of cultivation practices on annual runoff and erosion rates. Initial surveys in each catchment included topography, soils and land use. Monitoring included climatic, hydrologic and erosion (total sediment yield including bed load and suspended sediment load) data, land use and crop yields, and farmers' income. In addition, new land management options were introduced through consultations with farmers and evaluated in terms of runoff and erosion. These included tree plantations, fruit trees, improved fallow with legumes, maize intercropped with legumes, planted fodder, native grass strips and agro-ecological practices (direct sowing and mulch-based conservation agriculture). Regressions analyses showed that runoff during the rainy season, and normalized runoff flow coefficient based on erosive rainfall during the rainy season (rainfall with intensity exceeding 25 mm h(-1)) increase with the percentage of the catchment covered by maize. Both variables decrease with increasing soil depth, standard deviation of catchment slope (that reflects terrain roughness), and the percentages of the catchment covered by fallow (regular and improved), tree plantations and planted fodder. The best predictors of sediment yield were the surface percentages of maize, Job's tears, cassava and footpaths. The main conclusions generated from this study were: (i) soil erosion is predominantly influenced by land use rather than environmental characteristics not only at the plot scale but also at the catchment scale; (ii) slash-and-burn shifting cultivation with sufficiently long rotations (I year of cultivation, 8 years of fallow) is too often unjustly blamed for degradation; (iii) in its place, continuous cropping of maize and cassava promotes high rates of soil erosion at the catchment scale; (iv) conservation technologies are efficient in reducing runoff and total sediment yield at the catchment scale; (v) the adoption of improved soil management technologies by upland farmers is not a function of the degree of intensification of their farming system and/or of their incomes. The results suggest that if expansion of maize and cassava into already degraded upland systems were to occur due to increased demand for biofuels, there is a risk of higher runoff and sediment generation. A failure to adopt appropriate land use management strategies will result in further rapid resource degradation with negative impacts to downstream communities.", "keywords": ["550", "runoff", "sloping land", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "910", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "cassava", "630", "upland rice", "catchment areas", "farming systems", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Cassava", "land use", "Upland rice", "soil conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "erosion", "shifting cultivation", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "Steep slopes", "13. Climate action", "Soil erosion", "Shifting cultivation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sedimentation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-10", "title": "Alternative Arable Cropping Systems: A Key To Increase Soil Organic Carbon Storage? Results From A 16 Year Field Experiment", "description": "Alternative cropping systems such as conservation agriculture and organic farming are expected to decrease negative impacts of conventional systems through sequestration of organic carbon in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. We studied soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in the long-term (16 years) field experiment \u201cLa Cage\u201d (France) which compares four arable cropping systems, free from manure application, under conventional (CON), low input (LI), conservation agriculture (CA) and organic (ORG) management. Bulk densities and SOC concentrations were measured at different dates between 1998 and 2014. SOC stocks were calculated at equivalent soil mass taking into account bulk density variations and SOC redistribution across the different soil layers. We analyzed the evolution of SOC stocks and compared it with outputs of the simulation model AMG. The rate of change in SOC stocks in the old ploughed layer (ca. 0\u201330 cm) during the 16 years was 0.08, 0.02, 0.63 and 0.28 t ha\u22121 yr\u22121 in the CON, LI, CA and ORG systems respectively and significantly differed from 0 in the CA and ORG treatments. The AMG model satisfactorily reproduced the observed evolution of SOC stocks in the old ploughed layer in all treatments. A Bayesian optimization procedure was used to assess the mean and the distribution of the most uncertain parameters: the SOC mineralization rate and the C inputs derived from belowground biomass of cover crops which were fescue (Festuca rubra) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The model thus parameterized was able to predict SOC evolution in each block and soil layer (0\u201310, 10\u201320 and 20\u201330 cm). There was no significant difference in SOC mineralization rates between all cropping systems including CA under no-till. In particular, the increased SOC storage in CA was explained by higher carbon inputs compared to the other cropping systems (+1.72 t C ha\u22121 yr\u22121 on average). The CA and ORG systems were less productive than the CON and LI systems but the smaller C inputs derived from cash crop residues were compensated by the extra inputs from additional crops (fescue and alfalfa) specifically grown in CA and ORG, resulting in a positive carbon storage in soil. We conclude that alternative arable systems have potential to sequester organic carbon in temperate climate conditions, through higher carbon input rather than by the effect of reduced soil tillage.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Organic farming", "Soil organic carbon", "Conservation agriculture", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "AMG model", "630", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "Cover crop", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil carbon sequestration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-06", "description": "Although a significant fraction of the global soil\u2013atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases (GHGs) occurs in semi-arid zones little is known about the magnitude of fluxes in grazed steppe ecosystems and the interference with grazing intensity. In order to assess GHG burdens and to identify options of climate-optimized livestock farming, GHG emissions of sheep grazing in Inner Mongolia steppe were analyzed. Carbon sequestration and field-fluxes of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured at a range of steppe sites differing in grazing intensity and management, i.e. ungrazed (UG), ungrazed with hay cutting (HC), lightly grazed (LG), moderately grazed (MG), and heavily grazed (HG). In addition, GHG emissions from enteric fermentation, manure management, and farming inputs (i.e. fossil fuels) were quantified for LG, MG, and HG. Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate uncertainty. Sheep grazing changed the net GHG balance of the steppe from a significant sink at UG (\u22121476 \u00b1 2481 kg CO2eq ha\u22121 year\u22121) to a significant source at MG (2350 \u00b1 1723 kg CO2eq ha\u22121 year\u22121) and HG (3115 \u00b1 2327 kg CO2eq ha\u22121 year\u22121). In a similar way, the GHG intensity increased from 8.6 \u00b1 79.2 kg CO2eq kg\u22121 liveweight gain at LG up to 62.2 \u00b1 45.8 and 62.6 \u00b1 46.7 kg CO2eq kg\u22121 liveweight gain at MG and HG, respectively. GHG balances were predominantly determined by CO2 from changes in topsoil organic carbon. In grazing systems, CH4 from enteric fermentation was the second most important component. The results suggest that sheep grazing under the current management changes this steppe ecosystem from a sink to a source of GHGs and that grazing exclusion holds large potential to restore soil organic carbon stocks and thus to sequester atmospheric CO2. The balance between grazing intensity and grazing exclusion predominantly determines GHG balances of grass-based sheep farming in this region. Therefore, a high proportion of ungrazed land is most important for reducing GHG balances of sheep farms. This can be either achieved by high grazing intensity on the remaining grazed land or by confined hay feeding of sheep.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-14", "title": "Soil N2o And Co2 Emissions From Cotton In Australia Under Varying Irrigation Management", "description": "Irrigation is known to stimulate soil microbial carbon and nitrogen turnover and potentially the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of three different irrigation intensities on soil N2O and CO2 fluxes and to determine if irrigation management can be used to mitigate N2O emissions from irrigated cotton on black vertisols in South-Eastern Queensland, Australia. Fluxes were measured over the entire 2009/2010 cotton growing season with a fully automated chamber system that measured emissions on a sub-daily basis. Irrigation intensity had a significant effect on CO2 emission. More frequent irrigation stimulated soil respiration and seasonal CO2 fluxes ranged from 2.7 to 4.1 Mg-C ha\u22121 for the treatments with the lowest and highest irrigation frequency, respectively. N2O emission happened episodic with highest emissions when heavy rainfall or irrigation coincided with elevated soil mineral N levels and seasonal emissions ranged from 0.80 to 1.07 kg N2O-N ha\u22121 for the different treatments. Emission factors (EF = proportion of N fertilizer emitted as N2O) over the cotton cropping season, uncorrected for background emissions, ranged from 0.40 to 0.53 % of total N applied for the different treatments. There was no significant effect of the different irrigation treatments on soil N2O fluxes because highest emission happened in all treatments following heavy rainfall caused by a series of summer thunderstorms which overrode the effect of the irrigation treatment. However, higher irrigation intensity increased the cotton yield and therefore reduced the N2O intensity (N2O emission per lint yield) of this cropping system. Our data suggest that there is only limited scope to reduce absolute N2O emissions by different irrigation intensities in irrigated cotton systems with summer dominated rainfall. However, the significant impact of the irrigation treatments on the N2O intensity clearly shows that irrigation can easily be used to optimize the N2O intensity of such a system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "571", "550", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Fertilisation", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Irrigation management", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "1111 Soil Science", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.qut.edu.au/218966/1/Scheer_2013_FRES.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-21", "title": "Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Rice And Maize Production In Diversified Rice Cropping Systems", "description": "Traditional irrigated double-rice cropping systems have to cope with reduced water availability due to changes of climate and economic conditions. To quantify the shift in CH4 and N2O emissions when changing from traditional to diversified double cropping-systems, an experiment including flooded rice, non-flooded \u201caerobic\u201d rice and maize was conducted during the dry season (February\u2013June 2012) in the Philippines. Two automated static chamber\u2013GC systems were used to continuously measure CH4 and N2O emissions in the three cropping systems of which each included three different nitrogen fertilization regimes. Turning away from flooded cropping systems leads to shifts in greenhouse gas emissions from CH4 under wet soil to N2O emissions under drier soil conditions. The global warming potential (GWP) of the non-flooded crops was lower compared to flooded rice, whereas high CH4 emissions under flooded conditions still override enhanced N2O emissions in the upland systems. The yield-scaled GWP favored maize over aerobic rice, due to lower yields of aerobic rice. However, the lower GHG emissions of upland systems are only beneficial if they are not overwhelmed by enhanced losses of soil organic carbon.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Earth sciences", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10745-012-9538-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-19", "title": "Effects Of Landscape Segregation On Livelihood Vulnerability: Moving From Extensive Shifting Cultivation To Rotational Agriculture And Natural Forests In Northern Laos", "description": "This study investigates four decades of socio-economic and environmental change in a shifting cultivation landscape in the northern uplands of Laos. Historical changes in land cover and land use were analyzed using a chronological series of remote sensing data. Impacts of landscape change on local livelihoods were investigated in seven villages through interviews with various stakeholders. The study reveals that the complex mosaics of agriculture and forest patches observed in the study area have long constituted key assets for the resilience of local livelihood systems in the face of environmental and socio-economic risks. However, over the past 20 years, a process of segregating agricultural and forest spaces has increased the vulnerability of local land users. This process is a direct outcome of policies aimed at increasing national forest cover, eradicating shifting cultivation and fostering the emergence of more intensive and commercial agricultural practices. We argue that agriculture-forest segregation should be buffered in such a way that a diversity of livelihood opportunities and economic development pathways can be maintained.", "keywords": ["http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_195", "550", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "2739 Public Health", "910", "630", "couverture v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "conservation des for\u00eats", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3062", "for\u00eat", "K01 - Foresterie - Consid\u00e9rations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales", "11. Sustainability", "910 Geography & travel", "intensification", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6498", "2. Zero hunger", "landscape mosaics", "resettlement", "sustainability", "Livelihood vulnerability", "Southeast Asia", "rotation culturale", "330 Economics", "E11 - \u00c9conomie et politique fonci\u00e8res", "moyens d'existence durables", "2307 Health", "Laos", "protection de la for\u00eat", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25409", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "ecology", "3306 Health (social science)", "Multifunctional landscapes", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420", "culture itin\u00e9rante", "gestion des ressources naturelles", "utilisation des terres", "politique fonci\u00e8re", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12076", "Ecosystem services", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28075", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374158672853", "Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "Environmental and Occupational Health", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7038", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9000157", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9000115", "Land sparing", "Shifting cultivation", "impact sur l'environnement", "ecosystem services", "2303 Ecology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6662"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/17755/1/Castella2013_Article_EffectsOfLandscapeSegregationO.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-012-9538-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Human%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10745-012-9538-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10745-012-9538-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10745-012-9538-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10750-013-1617-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-06", "title": "Vegetation And Soil Characteristics As Indicators Of Restoration Trajectories In Restored Mangroves", "description": "We investigated the restoration trajectories in vegetation and soil parameters of monospecific Rhizophora mucronata stands planted 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, and 50 years ago (restored system). We tested the hypothesis that the changes in vegetation characteristics, with progressing mangrove age, are related to the changes in soil characteristics. The vegetation and soil parameters were compared across this restoration sequence using a reference system comprising mature, natural mangrove stands of unknown age. Rapid increases in leaf area index and aboveground biomass, and declines in tree density and size (in terms of tree diameter and height) occurred with increasing stand age. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and soil redox potential increased, and soil temperature decreased as stands aged. These patterns tended to stabilize at approximately the 11th year, indicating the probable age that restoration plots tend toward forest maturity. The time for the restored systems to reach forest maturity, attaining characteristics similar to the reference system, is estimated at 25 years, which is relatively slow compared to forest regeneration trajectories estimated for natural mangroves. Our study describes the trajectory patterns for planted mangroves, which are important for the assessment of both the progress and success of mangrove rehabilitation programs.", "keywords": ["Rhizophora", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "Philippines", "Restoration", "Mangroves", "1104 Complementary and Alternative Medicine", "910", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1617-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10750-013-1617-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10750-013-1617-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10750-013-1617-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10980-020-00984-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-10", "title": "Global vulnerability of soil ecosystems to erosion", "description": "Abstract Context

Soil erosion is one of the main threats driving soil degradation across the globe with important impacts on crop yields, soil biota, biogeochemical cycles, and ultimately human nutrition.

Objectives

Here, using an empirical model, we present a global and temporally explicit assessment of soil erosion risk according to recent (2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932013) dynamics of rainfall and vegetation cover change to identify vulnerable areas for soils and soil biodiversity.

Methods

We used an adaptation of the Universal Soil Loss Equation together with state of the art remote sensing models to create a spatially and temporally explicit global model of soil erosion and soil protection. Finally, we overlaid global maps of soil biodiversity to assess the potential vulnerability of these soil communities to soil erosion.

Results

We show a consistent decline in soil erosion protection over time across terrestrial biomes, which resulted in a global increase of 11.7% in soil erosion rates. Notably, soil erosion risk systematically increased between 2006 and 2013 in relation to the baseline year (2001). Although vegetation cover is central to soil protection, this increase was mostly driven by changes in rainfall erosivity. Globally, soil erosion is expected not only to have an impact on the vulnerability of soil conditions but also on soil biodiversity with 6.4% (for soil macrofauna) and 7.6% (for soil fungi) of these vulnerable areas coinciding with regions with high soil biodiversity.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that an increasing proportion of soils are degraded globally, affecting not only livelihoods but also potentially degrading local and regional landscapes. Similarly, many degraded regions coincide with and may have impacted high levels of soil biodiversity.microbial N mineralization (ammonification + nitrification), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial respirations (MR) in grass dominated, herb dominated, and grass-herb mixed patches in an old-field community in northern China.Topsoil (0\u201310 cm) net N mineralization rate was 177% and 69% higher in mixed grass and herb patches (patch B) as compared to unmixed grass (patch A) or herb (patch C) patches, respectively. Topsoil MBN was significantly different among the three patches with the highest value for soils taken from umixed grass patches. However, patches with mixed grass and herb or herb dominated patches had 12% higher microbial respiration (MR) than unmixed grass patch. Clipping and N addition had no effects on net N mineralization or MBC, but both treatments decreased MBN and MR and increased the ratio between microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N (MBC/MBN) in the growing season. Incubation of soil cores under optimal water and temperature conditions in the laboratory showed that the response of microbial N transformations in soils under different vegetation patches to experimental N addition and clipping was limited by soil water availability. Our results strongly highlight the need to further study the importance of belowground C supply as a control of microbial N cycling processes. It also suggests that during the restoration process of degenerated croplands N cycling rates are stimulated, but that the magnitude of this stimulation is modulated by plant community composition of the old-fields.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "570", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0611-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0611-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0611-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0611-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-012-1258-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-01", "title": "Soil Properties Following Reforestation Or Afforestation Of Marginal Cropland", "description": "Aims Reforestation or afforestation of marginal agri- cultural lands offers opportunities to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC), improve the quality of degrad- ed soils, and provide ecosystem services. The objec- tives of this study were to identify the extent and distribution of marginally productive cropland in the state of Iowa and to quantify the changes in SOC and relevant soil properties following tree planting. Methods A geographic information system (GIS) analysis was used to identify 1.05 million ha of mar- ginal cropland within the state. Soil samples were collected from four locations with (<51 yr-old) forest plantations and adjacent crop fields. Soil samples were analyzed for SOC, total nitrogen (TN), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), ammonium acetate- extractable K, Ca, Mg, and Na, and particle size. Results The forested soils had 30.0\u00b15.1 % (mean \u00b1standard error) more SOC than the tilled cropland. The average annualchangeinSOC following treeplant- ing was estimated to be 0.56\u00b10.05 Mg C ha \ufffd1 yr \ufffd1 . Differences were observed in several soil properties but strong correlations with SOC content were only observed for bulk density and extractable Ca. Conclusions These results indicate that within 5 dec- ades of tree planting on former cropland or pasture there was consistently and significantly greater SOC in soil beneath the trees.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Climate change mitigation", "550", "Soil organic carbon", "Ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality", "630"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sauer, Thomas J., James, David E., Cambardella, Cynthia A., Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1258-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-012-1258-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-012-1258-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-012-1258-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-11", "title": "Effects Of Organic And Mineral Fertilizer Nitrogen On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Plant-Captured Carbon Under Maize Cropping In Zimbabwe", "description": "Optimizing a three-way pact comprising crop yields, fertility inputs and greenhouse gases may minimize the contribution of croplands to global warming. Fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 from soil were measured under maize (Zea mays L.) grown using 0, 60 and 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N hm-2 as NH4NO3-N and composted manure-N in three seasons on clay (Chromic luvisol) and sandy loam (Haplic lixisol) soils in Zimbabwe. The fluxes were measured using the static chamber methodology involving gas chromatography for ample air analysis. Over an average of 122\u00a0days we estimated emissions of 0.1 to 0.5\u00a0kg N2O-N hm\u22122, 711 to 1574\u00a0kg CO2-C hm\u22122 and\u22122.6 to 5.8\u00a0kg CH4-C hm\u22122 from six treatments during season II with the highest fluxes. The posed hypothesis that composted manure-N may be better placed as a mitigation option against soil emissions of GHG than mineral fertilizer-N was largely supported by N2O fluxes during the wet period of the year, but with high level of uncertainty. Nitrogen addition might have stimulated both emissions and consumption of CH4 but the sink or source strength depended highly on soil water content. We concluded that the application of mineral-N and manure input may play an important role with reference to global warming provided the season can support substantial crop productivity that may reduce the amount of N2O loss per unit yield. Confidence in fluxes response to agricultural management is still low due to sporadic measurements and limited observations from the southern African region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "manures (fertilizers)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Maize", "zea mays", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "climate", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=550&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=550&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=550&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=550&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 984, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T02:08:49.298894Z"}