{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0061188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-12", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus On Soil Microbial Communities In A Tropical Forest", "description": "Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition in humid tropical regions may exacerbate phosphorus (P) deficiency in forests on highly weathered soils. However, it is not clear how P availability affects soil microbes and soil carbon (C), or how P processes interact with N deposition in tropical forests. We examined the effects of N and P additions on soil microbes and soil C pools in a N-saturated old-growth tropical forest in southern China to test the hypotheses that (1) N and P addition will have opposing effects on soil microbial biomass and activity, (2) N and P addition will alter the composition of the microbial community, (3) the addition of N and P will have interactive effects on soil microbes and (4) addition-mediated changes in microbial communities would feed back on soil C pools. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was used to quantify the soil microbial community following four treatments: Control, N addition (15 g N m(-2) yr(-1)), P addition (15 g P m(-2) yr(-1)), and N&P addition (15 g N m(-2) yr(-1) plus 15 g P m(-2) yr(-1)). These were applied from 2007 to 2011. Whereas additions of P increased soil microbial biomass, additions of N reduced soil microbial biomass. These effects, however, were transient, disappearing over longer periods. Moreover, N additions significantly increased relative abundance of fungal PLFAs and P additions significantly increased relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi PLFAs. Nitrogen addition had a negative effect on light fraction C, but no effect on heavy fraction C and total soil C. In contrast, P addition significantly decreased both light fraction C and total soil C. However, there were no interactions between N addition and P addition on soil microbes. Our results suggest that these nutrients are not co-limiting, and that P rather than N is limiting in this tropical forest.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Tropical Climate", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "Fatty Acids", "R", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0061188", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0061188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0061188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0065277", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-04", "title": "Emissions Of Ch4 And N2o Under Different Tillage Systems From Double-Cropped Paddy Fields In Southern China", "description": "Understanding greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions is becoming increasingly important with the climate change. Most previous studies have focused on the assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential and GHG emissions from agriculture. However, specific experiments assessing tillage impacts on GHG emission from double-cropped paddy fields in Southern China are relatively scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of tillage systems on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in a double rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system. The experiment was established in 2005 in Hunan Province, China. Three tillage treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design: conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT) and no-till (NT). Fluxes of CH4 from different tillage treatments followed a similar trend during the two years, with a single peak emission for the early rice season and a double peak emission for the late rice season. Compared with other treatments, NT significantly reduced CH4 emission among the rice growing seasons (P<0.05). However, much higher variations in N2O emission were observed across the rice growing seasons due to the vulnerability of N2O to external influences. The amount of CH4 emission in paddy fields was much higher relative to N2O emission. Conversion of CT to NT significantly reduced the cumulative CH4 emission for both rice seasons compared with other treatments (P<0.05). The mean value of global warming potentials (GWPs) of CH4 and N2O emissions over 100 years was in the order of NT 300 kg N ha(-1) has been routinely applied to soil during maize growth period of 120 days. Responses of net N mineralization, inorganic N flux (0-10 cm), NH3 volatilization, and maize yield to N fertilization were measured. During the growth period, net N mineralization and nitrification varied seasonally, with higher rates occurring in August and coinciding with the R1 stage of maize growth. Soil NO3(-)-N contributed to more than 60% of inorganic N flux during maize growth. Cumulative NH3 volatilization increased with N additions, with total NH3 volatilization during maize growth accounting for about 4% of added N. Relative to the control, mean maize yield in the fertilizer treatments increased by 17% and 20% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. However, grain yield, aboveground biomass, and plant N accumulation did not increase with added N at levels > 215 kg N ha(-1). These results suggest that the current N rate of 300 kg N ha(-1) is not only excessive, but also reduces fertilizer efficacy and may contribute to environmental problems such as global warming and eutrophication of ground water and streams.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "R", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Medicine", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115649"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115649", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115649", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0115649"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124096", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-16", "title": "Effects Of Different Organic Manures On The Biochemical And Microbial Characteristics Of Albic Paddy Soil In A Short-Term Experiment", "description": "Open AccessCette \u00e9tude visait \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les effets des engrais chimiques (NPK), NPK avec du fumier de b\u00e9tail (NPK+M), NPK avec de la paille (NPK+S) et NPK avec du fumier vert (NPK+G) sur les activit\u00e9s enzymatiques du sol et les caract\u00e9ristiques microbiennes du sol de paddy albique, qui est un sol typique avec une faible productivit\u00e9 en Chine. Les r\u00e9ponses des activit\u00e9s enzymatiques extracellulaires et de la diversit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s microbiennes (d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par analyse des acides gras phospholipidiques [PLFA] et \u00e9lectrophor\u00e8se sur gel \u00e0 gradient d\u00e9naturant [DGGE]) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9es. Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 que NPK+M et NPK+S augmentaient significativement le rendement du riz, NPK+M \u00e9tant sup\u00e9rieur d'environ 24\u00a0% \u00e0 NPK. Le NPK+M a significativement augment\u00e9 le carbone organique du sol (SOC) et les phosphates disponibles (P) et am\u00e9lior\u00e9 les activit\u00e9s de la phosphatase, de la \u03b2-cellobiosidase, de la L-leucine aminopeptidase et de l'ur\u00e9ase. Le NPK+S a significativement augment\u00e9 le COS et le potassium disponible (K) et significativement augment\u00e9 les activit\u00e9s de la N-ac\u00e9tyl-glucosamidase, de la \u03b2-xylosidase, de l'ur\u00e9ase et de la ph\u00e9nol oxydase. Le NPK+G a significativement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'azote total (N), l'ammonium N, le P disponible et l'activit\u00e9 de la N-ac\u00e9tyl-glucosamidase. La biomasse de PLFA \u00e9tait la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e sous NPK+S, suivie des traitements NPK+M et NPK+G. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) du PLFA a indiqu\u00e9 que les sols avec NPK+M et NPK+S contenaient des proportions plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es d'acides gras insatur\u00e9s et de cyclopropane (biomarqueurs de champignons et de bact\u00e9ries \u00e0 Gram n\u00e9gatif) et que les sols sous NPK+G contenaient plus d'acides gras satur\u00e9s \u00e0 cha\u00eene droite (repr\u00e9sentant des bact\u00e9ries \u00e0 Gram positif). La PCA des patrons DGGE a montr\u00e9 que les amendements organiques avaient une plus grande influence sur la communaut\u00e9 fongique. L'analyse en grappes des profils DGGE fongiques a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que NPK+G \u00e9tait clairement s\u00e9par\u00e9. Pendant ce temps, la communaut\u00e9 bact\u00e9rienne du traitement NPK+M \u00e9tait la plus distincte. L'analyse RDA a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les changements dans la composition de la communaut\u00e9 microbienne d\u00e9pendaient principalement de la \u03b2-xylosidase, des activit\u00e9s de la \u03b2-cellobiosidase, de l'azote total et des teneurs en K disponibles. Les abondances de PLFA bact\u00e9riens et fongiques gram-n\u00e9gatifs probablement efficaces pour am\u00e9liorer la fertilit\u00e9 des sols de paddy albique \u00e0 faible rendement en raison de leur influence significative sur le profil DGGE.", "keywords": ["China", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Microbial population biology", "Science", "Materials Science", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Biochemistry", "Gene", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Biomaterials", "Food science", "Soil", "Engineering", "Genetics", "Biology", "Soil Microbiology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Applications of Clay Nanotubes in Various Fields", "2. Zero hunger", "Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis", "Bacteria", "Q", "R", "Fungi", "Life Sciences", "Straw", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Urease", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Chemistry", "Enzyme", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Animal science", "Research Article", "16S ribosomal RNA"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qian Zhang, Wei Zhou, Gaofeng Liang, Xiu\u2010Bin Wang, Jingwen Sun, Ping He, LI Lu-jiu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124096"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124096", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124096", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0124096"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115395", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-18", "title": "Elevation-Related Variation In Leaf Stomatal Traits As A Function Of Plant Functional Type: Evidence From Changbai Mountain, China", "description": "Understanding the variation in stomatal characteristics in relation to climatic gradients can reveal the adaptation strategies of plants, and help us to predict their responses to future climate changes. In this study, we investigated stomatal density (SD) and stomatal length (SL) in 150 plant species along an elevation gradient (540-2357 m) in Changbai Mountain, China, and explored the patterns and drivers of stomatal characteristics across species and plant functional types (PFTs: trees, shrubs, and herbs). The average values of SD and SL for all species combined were 156 mm(-2) and 35 \u00b5m, respectively. SD was higher in trees (224 mm(-2)) than in shrubs (156 mm(-2)) or herbs (124 mm(-2)), and SL was largest in herbs (37 \u00b5m). SD was negatively correlated with SL in all species and PFTs (P < 0.01). The relationship between stomatal characteristics and elevation differed among PFTs. In trees, SD decreased and SL increased with elevation; in shrubs and herbs, SD initially increased and then decreased. Elevation-related differences in SL were not significant. PFT explained 7.20-17.6% of the total variation in SD and SL; the contributions of CO2 partial pressure (P CO2), precipitation, and soil water content (SWC) were weak (0.02-2.28%). Our findings suggest that elevation-related patterns of stomatal characteristics in leaves are primarily a function of PFT, and highlight the importance of differences among PFTs in modeling gas exchange in terrestrial ecosystems under global climate change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "China", "Science", "Altitude", "Climate Change", "Q", "R", "Temperature", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "01 natural sciences", "Quantitative Trait", " Heritable", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Medicine", "Ecosystem", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115395"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115395", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115395", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0115395"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0116391", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-09", "title": "Biogeographic Patterns Of Structural Traits And C:N:P Stoichiometry Of Tree Twigs In China\u2019S Forests", "description": "Open Access\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u061b \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 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\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0646 P \u0648 N:P \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0646 N \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "China", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Climate", "Evolutionary biology", "Forests", "Estimation of Forest Biomass and Carbon Stocks", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Soil", "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management", "FOS: Mathematics", "Biology", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Geography", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "Q", "R", "Phosphorus", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Archaeology", "Combinatorics", "13. Climate action", "Tree Allometry", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Tree (set theory)", "Medicine", "Embryophyta", "Tree Height-Diameter Models", "Biomass Estimation", "Mathematics", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116391"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0116391", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0116391", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0116391"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0120994", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-16", "title": "Effects Of Wheat Straw Incorporation On The Availability Of Soil Nutrients And Enzyme Activities In Semiarid Areas", "description": "Soil infertility is the main barrier to dryland agricultural production in China. To provide a basis for the establishment of a soil amelioration technical system for rainfed fields in the semiarid area of northwest China, we conducted a four-year (2007-2011) field experiment to determine the effects of wheat straw incorporation on the arid soil nutrient levels of cropland cultivated with winter wheat after different straw incorporation levels. Three wheat straw incorporation levels were tested (H: 9000 kg hm(-2), M: 6000 kg hm(-2), and L: 3000 kg hm(-2)) and no straw incorporation was used as the control (CK). The levels of soil nutrients, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil labile organic carbon (LOC), and enzyme activities were analyzed each year after the wheat harvest. After straw incorporation for four years, the results showed that variable straw amounts had different effects on the soil fertility indices, where treatment H had the greatest effect. Compared with CK, the average soil available N, available P, available K, SOC, and LOC levels were higher in the 0-40 cm soil layers after straw incorporation treatments, i.e., 9.1-30.5%, 9.8-69.5%, 10.3-27.3%, 0.7-23.4%, and 44.4-49.4% higher, respectively. On average, the urease, phosphatase, and invertase levels in the 0-40 cm soil layers were 24.4-31.3%, 9.9-36.4%, and 42.9-65.3% higher, respectively. Higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK, where these treatments increased the crop yields by 26.75%, 21.51%, and 7.15%, respectively.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Science", "Q", "R", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Soil", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Triticum", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120994"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0120994", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0120994", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0120994"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0128873", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-15", "title": "Stratification And Storage Of Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen As Affected By Tillage Practices In The North China Plain", "description": "Tillage practices can redistribute the soil profiles, and thus affects soil organic carbon (SOC), and its storage. The stratification ratio (SR) can be an indicator of soil quality. This study was conducted to determine tillage effects on the profile distribution of certain soil properties in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) systems in the North China Plain (NCP). Three tillage treatments, including no till (NT), rotary tillage (RT), and plow tillage (PT), were established in 2001 in Luancheng County, Hebei Province. The concentration, storage, and SR of SOC and soil total nitrogen (TN) were assessed in both the wheat and maize seasons. Compared with RT and PT, the mean SRs for all depth ratios of SOC under NT increased by 7.85% and 30.61% during the maize season, and by 14.67% and 30.91% during the wheat season, respectively. The SR of TN for 0-5:30-50 cm increased by 140%, 161%, and 161% in the maize season, and 266%, 154%, and 122% in the wheat season compared to the SR for 0-5:5-10 cm under NT, RT and PT, respectively. The data indicated that SOC and TN were both concentrated in the surface-soil layers (0-10 cm) under NT but were distributed relatively evenly through the soil profile under PT. Meanwhile, the storage of SOC and TN was higher under NT for the surface soil (0-10 cm) but was higher under PT for the deeper soil (30-50 cm). Furthermore, the storage of SOC and TN was significantly related to SR of SOC and TN along the whole soil profile (P<0.0001). Therefore, SR could be used to explain and indicate the changes in the storage of SOC and TN. Further, NT stratifies SOC and TN, enhances the topsoil SOC storage, and helps to improve SOC sequestration and soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "R", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Triticum", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128873"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0128873", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0128873", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0128873"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0150256", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-26", "title": "Management Impacts On Carbon Dynamics In A Sierra Nevada Mixed Conifer Forest", "description": "Forest ecosystems can act as sinks of carbon and thus mitigate anthropogenic carbon emissions. When forests are actively managed, treatments can alter forests carbon dynamics, reducing their sink strength and switching them from sinks to sources of carbon. These effects are generally characterized by fast temporal dynamics. Hence this study monitored for over a decade the impacts of management practices commonly used to reduce fire hazards on the carbon dynamics of mixed-conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Soil CO2 efflux, carbon pools (i.e. soil carbon, litter, fine roots, tree biomass), and radial tree growth were compared among un-manipulated controls, prescribed fire, thinning, thinning followed by fire, and two clear-cut harvested sites. Soil CO2 efflux was reduced by both fire and harvesting (ca. 15%). Soil carbon content (upper 15 cm) was not significantly changed by harvest or fire treatments. Fine root biomass was reduced by clear-cut harvest (60-70%) but not by fire, and the litter layer was reduced 80% by clear-cut harvest and 40% by fire. Thinning effects on tree growth and biomass were concentrated in the first year after treatments, whereas fire effects persisted over the seven-year post-treatment period. Over this period, tree radial growth was increased (25%) by thinning and reduced (12%) by fire. After seven years, tree biomass returned to pre-treatment levels in both fire and thinning treatments; however, biomass and productivity decreased 30%-40% compared to controls when thinning was combined with fire. The clear-cut treatment had the strongest impact, reducing ecosystem carbon stocks and delaying the capacity for carbon uptake. We conclude that post-treatment carbon dynamics and ecosystem recovery time varied with intensity and type of treatments. Consequently, management practices can be selected to minimize ecosystem carbon losses while increasing future carbon uptake, resilience to high severity fire, and climate related stresses.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "550", "Life on Land", "General Science & Technology", "Science", "Veterinary and Food Sciences", "Forests", "01 natural sciences", "California", "Fires", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Agricultural", "Forestry Sciences", "Q", "R", "Forestry", "Biological Sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Climate Action", "Tracheophyta", "13. Climate action", "Ecological Applications", "Medicine", "Environmental Sciences", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1xc0j927/qt1xc0j927.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150256"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0150256", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0150256", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0150256"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0161694", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-02", "title": "Short-Term Responses Of Soil Respiration And C-Cycle Enzyme Activities To Additions Of Biochar And Urea In A Calcareous Soil", "description": "Open AccessBiochar (BC) addition to soil is a proposed strategy to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity. However, there is limited knowledge regarding responses of soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities to BC and nitrogen (N) additions in a calcareous soil. A 56-day incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effects of BC addition rates (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0% by mass) and urea (U) application on soil nutrients, soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities in a calcareous soil in the North China Plain. Our results showed soil pH values in both U-only and U plus BC treatments significantly decreased within the first 14 days and then stabilized, and CO2emission rate in all U plus BC soils decreased exponentially, while there was no significant difference in the contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio in each treatment over time. At each incubation time, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TOC, TN, C/N ratio, DOC and cumulative CO2 emission significantly increased with increasing BC addition rate, while soil potential activities of the four hydrolytic enzymes increased first and then decreased with increasing BC addition rate, with the largest values in the U + 1.0%BC treatment. However, phenol oxidase activity in all U plus BC soils showed a decreasing trend with the increase of BC addition rate. Our results suggest that U plus BC application at a rate of 1% promotes increases in hydrolytic enzymes, does not highly increase C/N and C mineralization, and can improve in soil fertility.", "keywords": ["Organic chemistry", "Soil pH", "Biochemistry", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Calcareous", "Engineering", "Soil water", "Urea", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Respiration", "Q", "Total organic carbon", "R", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Charcoal", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Respiration rate", "Medicine", "Incubation", "Pyrolysis", "Research Article", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Materials Science", "Soil Science", "Soil fertility", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Biomaterials", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Applications of Clay Nanotubes in Various Fields", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Biochar Application", "Botany", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Agronomy", "Biochar", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Animal science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dali Song, XI Xiang-yin, Shaomin Huang, Gaofeng Liang, Jingwen Sun, Wei Zhou, Xiu\u2010Bin Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161694"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0161694", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0161694", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0161694"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0172767", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-06", "title": "Effects Of Inorganic And Organic Amendment On Soil Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities, Microbial Community And Soil Quality In Yellow Clayey Soil", "description": "Open AccessComprender los efectos de los componentes org\u00e1nicos e inorg\u00e1nicos externos sobre la fertilidad y la calidad del suelo es esencial para mejorar los suelos de bajo rendimiento. Realizamos un estudio de campo durante dos temporadas consecutivas de cultivo de arroz para investigar el efecto de la aplicaci\u00f3n de fertilizantes qu\u00edmicos (NPK), NPK m\u00e1s esti\u00e9rcol verde (NPKG), NPK m\u00e1s esti\u00e9rcol de cerdo (NPKM) y NPK m\u00e1s paja (NPKS) en el estado de nutrientes del suelo, las actividades enzim\u00e1ticas involucradas en el ciclo de C, N, P y S, la comunidad microbiana y los rendimientos de arroz del suelo arcilloso amarillo. Los resultados mostraron que los tratamientos fertilizados mejoraron significativamente los rendimientos de arroz durante las tres primeras temporadas experimentales. En comparaci\u00f3n con el tratamiento NPK, las enmiendas org\u00e1nicas produjeron efectos m\u00e1s favorables en la productividad del suelo. En particular, el tratamiento NPKM exhibi\u00f3 los niveles m\u00e1s altos de disponibilidad de nutrientes, carbono de biomasa microbiana (MBC), actividades de la mayor\u00eda de las enzimas y la comunidad microbiana. Esto dio como resultado el \u00edndice de calidad del suelo (SQI) m\u00e1s alto y el rendimiento del arroz, lo que indica una mejor fertilidad y calidad del suelo. Se observaron diferencias significativas en las actividades enzim\u00e1ticas y la comunidad microbiana entre los tratamientos, y el an\u00e1lisis de redundancia mostr\u00f3 que MBC y N disponible fueron los determinantes clave que afectaron las actividades enzim\u00e1ticas del suelo y la comunidad microbiana. La puntuaci\u00f3n de SQI del control no fertilizado (0,72) fue comparable a la de los tratamientos con NPK (0,77), NPKG (0,81) y NPKS (0,79), pero significativamente menor en comparaci\u00f3n con NPKM (0,85). La correlaci\u00f3n significativa entre el rendimiento del arroz y el SQI sugiere que el SQI puede ser \u00fatil para cuantificar los cambios en la calidad del suelo causados por diferentes pr\u00e1cticas de manejo agr\u00edcola. Los resultados indican que la aplicaci\u00f3n de NPK m\u00e1s esti\u00e9rcol de cerdo es la opci\u00f3n preferida para mejorar la acumulaci\u00f3n de COS, mejorar la fertilidad y calidad del suelo y aumentar el rendimiento de arroz en suelos arcillosos amarillos.", "keywords": ["Microbial population biology", "FOS: Political science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Agricultural soil science", "Fertilizer", "Soil water", "Biomass", "Political science", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Soil Physical Properties", "Ecology", "Q", "Soil Quality", "R", "Soil Chemical Properties", "Life Sciences", "Straw", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Medicine", "Research Article", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Soil Science", "FOS: Law", "Environment", "Soil fertility", "Soil quality", "Meta-analysis in Ecology and Agriculture Research", "Genetics", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Soil Fertility", "Effects of Soil Compaction on Crop Production", "Bacteria", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "Carbon", "Agronomy", "Manure", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Amendment", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Law", "Nutrient"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhanjun Liu, Qinlei Rong, Wei Zhou, Gaofeng Liang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172767"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0172767", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0172767", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0172767"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3117963037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-21", "title": "Andean Lupin Phenology and Agronomic Performance under Different Planting Dates in a Mediterranean Climate", "description": "

Andean lupin in Europe has regained interest in recent years due to its high seed protein and oil content and its potential use for food, feed as well as a crop used in biorefineries. A search for suitable germplasm in combination with a determination of appropriate agronomical practices such as planting date are needed for commercial farming in new areas. The current study aims to evaluate the performance of six selected L. mutabilis accessions in a Mediterranean area using two different planting dates for two consecutive experimental years. A split plot design with accessions as subplots and planting dates as main plots was used. Measurements such as days to flowering, plant height, total number of pods and seeds per plant, seed yield and seed crude protein content were taken. All accessions performed better when cultivation started not later than the end of autumn since high temperatures occurred during late spring shortened the growth cycle and reduced yield. Earlier cultivation applied, in the middle of autumn, did not enhance significantly seed yield production. Among the accessions, LIB223 was characterized by the highest seed crude protein content in the early planting treatment, while accessions with prolonged growth cycle (LIB209, LIB214 and LIB223) produced higher seed yield than other accessions and could be further studied as promising breeding material for cultivation under the edaphoclimatic conditions tested.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "nutrient content", "Southern Europe", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Lupinus mutabilis", "tarwi", "crude protein", "seed production", "lupins", "planting date", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lazaridi, Efstathia, Papadopoulos, George K., Bebeli, Penelope J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/2020/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/2020/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3117963037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3117963037", "name": "item", "description": "3117963037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3117963037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0168134", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-13", "title": "Chinese Milk Vetch As Green Manure Mitigates Nitrous Oxide Emission From Monocropped Rice System In South China", "description": "Open AccessMonocropped rice system is an important intensive cropping system for food security in China. Green manure (GM) as an alternative to fertilizer N (FN) is useful for improving soil quality. However, few studies have examined the effect of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) as GM on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from monocropped rice field in south China. Therefore, a pot-culture experiment with four treatments (control, no FN and CMV; CMV as GM alone, M; fertilizer N alone, FN; integrating fertilizer N with CMV, NM) was performed to investigate the effect of incorporating CMV as GM on N2O emission using a closed chamber-gas chromatography (GC) technique during the rice growing periods. Under the same N rate, incorporating CMV as GM (the treatments of M and NM) mitigated N2O emission during the growing periods of rice plant, reduced the NO3- content and activities of nitrate and nitrite reductase as well as the population of nitrifying bacteria in top soil at maturity stage of rice plant versus FN pots. The global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of N2O from monocropped rice field was ranked as M

Conferences are ideal platforms for studying gender gaps in science because they are important cultural events that reflect barriers to women in academia. Here, we explored women\u2019s participation in ecology conferences by analyzing female representation, behavior, and personal experience at the 1st Meeting of the Iberian Society of Ecology (SIBECOL). The conference had 722 attendees, 576 contributions, and 27 scientific sessions. The gender of attendees and presenters was balanced (48/52% women/men), yet only 29% of the contributions had a woman as last author. Moreover, men presented most of the keynote talks (67%) and convened most of the sessions. Our results also showed that only 32% of the questions were asked by women, yet the number of questions raised by women increased when the speaker or the convener was a woman. Finally, the post-conference survey revealed that attendees had a good experience and did not perceive the event as a threatening context for women. Yet, differences in the responses between genders suggest that women tended to have a worse experience than their male counterparts. Although our results showed clear gender biases, most of the participants of the conference failed to detect it. Overall, we highlight the challenge of increasing women\u2019s scientific leadership, visibility and interaction in scientific conferences and we suggest several recommendations for creating inclusive meetings, thereby promoting equal opportunities for all participants.

", "keywords": ["Ecolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Science", "Sexism", "03 medical and health sciences", "5. Gender equality", "Humans", "10. No inequality", "Biology", "Women-inclusive ecology", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Behavior", "0303 health sciences", "000", "Ecology", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Q", "R", "Ecolog\u00eda", "16. Peace & justice", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Leadership", "2401.06 Ecolog\u00eda animal", "Academic conferences", "Medicine", "504.75", "Female", "Perception", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Engineering sciences. Technology", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260163"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0260163", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0260163", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0260163"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0267811", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-19", "title": "Estimation of Landsat-like daily evapotranspiration for crop water consumption monitoring using TSEB model and data fusion", "description": "

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays an essential role in agricultural water resource management. Understanding regional agricultural water consumption characteristics can be improved by predicting ET using remote sensing. However, due to the lack of high-resolution images on clear-sky days or the limitation of ET reconstruction on cloudy-sky days, it remains challenging to continuously derive ET at the field scale. In this study, the Landsat and MODIS data were initially fused to obtain the Landsat-like vegetation index and land surface temperature on clear-sky days. Then the two-source energy balance (TSEB) model was applied to calculate the daily ET during the clear-sky. A canopy resistance-based gap-filling method was involved in reconstructing regional ET on cloudy days while considering different environmental factors. The estimations were validated by automatic weather system data (AWS) and eddy covariance (EC) measurements in Guantao County. The results demonstrated that the proposed scheme performed well in estimating cropland ET, with an RMSE of 0.86 mm\uffc2\uffb7d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and an R2 of 0.65, and the NSE and PBias were 0.61 and -0.29%, respectively. The crop water consumption analysis revealed that the daily ET of winter wheat peaked during the maturation stage. Nevertheless, summer maize water consumption peaked in the middle of the growing season in this area. The temperature during the early development stage and the soil moisture in the mid and late growth stages had the greatest impact on the ET of winter wheat. During the entire growing period, soil moisture had the largest effect on the ET of summer maize. The findings showed that the TSEB model can be effectively applied to field-scale water consumption monitoring in North China through MODIS and Landsat data fusion and ET temporal reconstruction considering environmental factors.

The Chesapeake Bay watershed is representative of governance challenges relating to agricultural nonpoint source pollution and, more generally, of sustainable resources governance in complex multi-actor settings. We assess information flows around Best Management Practices (BMPs) undertaken by dairy farmers in central Pennsylvania, a subregion of the watershed. We apply a mixed-method approach, combining Social Network Analysis, the analysis of BMP-messaging (i.e. information source, flow, and their influences), and qualitative content analysis of stakeholders\u2019 interviews. Key strategic actors were identified through network centrality measures such as degree of node, betweenness centrality, and clustering coefficient. The perceived influence/credibility (by farmers) of BMP-messages and their source, allowed for the identification of strategic entry points for BMP-messages diffusion. Finally, the inductive coding process of stakeholders\u2019 interviews revealed major hindrances and opportunities for BMPs adoption. We demonstrate how improved targeting of policy interventions for BMPs uptake may be achieved, by better distributing entry-points across stakeholders. Our results reveal governance gaps and opportunities, on which we draw to provide insights for better tailored policy interventions. We propose strategies to optimize the coverage of policy mixes and the dissemination of BMP-messages by building on network diversity and actors\u2019 complementarities, and by targeting intervention towards specific BMPs and actors. We suggest that (i) conservation incentives could target supply chain actors as conservation intermediaries; (ii) compliance-control of manure management planning could be conducted by accredited private certifiers; (iii) policy should focus on incentivizing inter-farmers interaction (e.g. farmers\u2019 mobility, training, knowledge-exchange, and engagement in multi-stakeholders collaboration) via financial or non-pecuniary compensation; (iv) collective incentives could help better coordinate conservation efforts at the landscape or (sub-)watershed scale; (v) all relevant stakeholders (including farmers) should be concerted and included in the discussion, proposition, co-design and decision process of policy, in order to take their respective interests and responsibilities into account.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Farmers", "Science", "Q", "Water Pollution", "R", "Agriculture", "Pennsylvania", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Life Science", "Medicine", "Humans", "Social Network Analysis", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303745"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0303745", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0303745", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0303745"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.10134", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-26", "title": "Soil disturbance by cut-to-length machinery on mid-grained soils", "description": "Factors affecting soil disturbance caused by harvester and forwarder were studied on mid-grained soils in Finland. Sample plots were harvested using a one-grip harvester. The harvester operator processed the trees outside the strip roads, and the remaining residues were removed to exclude the covering effect of residues. Thereafter, a loaded forwarder made up to 5 passes over the sample plots. The average rut depth after four machine passes was positively correlated to the volumetric water content at a depth of 0\u00e2\u0080\u009310 cm in mineral soil, as well as the thickness of the organic layer and the harvester rut depth, and negatively correlated with penetration resistance at depths of both 0\u00e2\u0080\u009320 cm and 5\u00e2\u0080\u009340 cm. We present 5 models to predict forwarder rut depth. Four include the cumulative mass driven over a measurement point and combinations of penetration resistance, water content and the depth of organic layer. The fifth model includes harvester rut depth and the cumulative overpassed mass and provided the best fit. Changes in the penetration resistance (PR) were highest at depths of 20\u00e2\u0080\u009340 cm. Increase in BD and VWC decreased PR, which increased with total overdriven mass. After four to five machine passes PR values started to stabilize.", "keywords": ["silty soil", "ta1171", "silty soils", "rut formation", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "soil compaction", "harvesting damage", "sandy soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sandy soils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sir\u00e9n, Matti, Ala-Ilom\u00e4ki, Jari, Lindeman, Harri, Uusitalo, Jori, Kiilo, Kalle E.K., Salmivaara, Aura, Ryyn\u00e4nen, Ari,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.10134", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.10134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.10134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.1563", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-11", "title": "Stand structure after thinning in 1\u20132 m wide corridors in young dense stands", "description": "Boom corridor thinning (BCT) has been proposed as a cost-effective technique for biomass thinning (BT) in young dense stands. The objective of this study was to determine how various BCT operations affect stand structure following biomass thinning and to compare the results with conventional selective thinning methods. Two series of field experiments were established; BCT 1-series: Three sites in south of Sweden (9 and 11 m in mean and dominating tree height) with five treatments, including a control, conventional selective thinning and three BCT treatments (1 m and 2 m wide corridors and selective BCT). The second BCT series: Three regions in Sweden (in the north, centre and in the south), with two stand sites in each region with different tree heights (4/9 m and 5/10 m in mean/dominating tree height). Treatments were control, pre-commercial thinning (PCT), conventional selective thinning and BCT (high and low thinning). Following the first biomass thinning, BCT regimes and selective thinning methods resulted in similar stand structures based on the number of possible future crop trees (>80 mm in diameter at breast height). However, BCT maintained a higher diversity of tree sizes as well as more stems per hectare, including deciduous species, than the selective thinning approaches. The stands after BCT should have more vertical complexity, especially when compared to pre-commercial thinning. The structural heterogeneity resulting from BCT may also increase stand biodiversity and ecosystem service values.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ahnlund Ulvcrona, Kristina, Bergstr\u00f6m, Dan, Bergsten, Urban,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.1563"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.1563", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.1563", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.1563"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0307156", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-31", "title": "Optimal inventorying and monitoring of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity", "description": "

Comparable data is essential to understand biodiversity patterns. While assemblage or community inventorying requires comprehensive sampling, monitoring focuses on as few components as possible to detect changes. Quantifying species, their evolutionary history, and the way they interact requires studying changes in taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD) and functional diversity (FD). Here we propose a method for the optimization of sampling protocols for inventorying and monitoring assemblages or communities across these three diversity dimensions taking sampling costs into account. We used Iberian spiders and Amazonian bats as two case-studies. The optimal combination of methods for inventorying and monitoring required optimizing the accumulation curve of \u03b1-diversity and minimizing the difference between sampled and estimated \u03b2-diversity (bias), respectively. For Iberian spiders, the optimal combination for TD, PD and FD allowed sampling at least 50% of estimated diversity with 24 person-hours of fieldwork. The optimal combination of six person-hours allowed reaching a bias below 8% for all dimensions. For Amazonian bats, surveying all the 12 sites with mist-nets and 0 or 1 acoustic recorders was the optimal combination for almost all diversity types, resulting in >89% of the diversity and <10% bias with roughly a third of the cost. Only for phylogenetic \u03b1-diversity, the best solution was less clear and involved surveying both with mist nets and acoustic recorders. The widespread use of optimized and standardized sampling protocols and regular repetition in time will radically improve global inventory and monitoring of biodiversity. We strongly advocate for the global adoption of sampling protocols for both inventory and monitoring of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "chiroptera", "Science", "Q", "R", "Spiders", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "phylogeny", "Biolog\u00eda y Biomedicina / Biolog\u00eda", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "Chiroptera", "Medicine", "Animals", "Phylogeny", "biodiversity", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/060400v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307156"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0307156", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0307156", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0307156"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1385/bter:93:1-3:249", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-17", "title": "Effect Of The Application Of Selenium On Selenium Content Of Soybean And Its Products", "description": "Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of the application of selenium on the selenium content of soybean and its products in two counties with selenium-deficient soil. Selenium-enriched soybean was produced by the application of sodium selenite and Se-enriched fertilizer. The selenium contents of soybeans, soybean protein and okra were determined by hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the selenium contents of soybean, soybean protein, and okra were significantly increased by the application of sodium selenite and selenium-enriched fertilizer. Foliar application of selenium provided a higher efficiency for increasing the selenium content of soybean than soil application. Significant differences were found in that soybean cultivars exhibited different accumulation of selenium. There was no remarkable difference in soybean yield, soybean protein, and lipid between selenium and control. The selenium-enriched protein derived from selenium-enriched soybean could be used as a functional ingredient and soybean okra as a selenium-enriched feed for animals for increasing selenium intake.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Selenium", "03 medical and health sciences", "Glycine max", "Fertilizers", "Selenium Compounds", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Licheng Chen, Qiuhui Hu, Fangmei Yang, Genxing Pan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1385/bter:93:1-3:249"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biological%20Trace%20Element%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1385/bter:93:1-3:249", "name": "item", "description": "10.1385/bter:93:1-3:249", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1385/bter:93:1-3:249"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.10050", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-15", "title": "Modelling soil moisture \u2013 soil strength relationship of fine-grained upland forest soils", "description": "The strength of soil is known to be dependent on water content but the relationship is strongly affected by the type of soil. Accurate moisture content \u00e2\u0080\u0093 soil strength models will provide forest managers with the improved ability to reduce soil disturbances and increase annual forest machine utilization rates. The aim of this study was to examine soil strength and how it is connected to the physical properties of fine-grained forest soils; and develop models that could be applied in practical forestry to make predictions on rutting induced by forest machines. Field studies were conducted on two separate forests in Southern Finland. The data consisted of parallel measurements of dry soil bulk density (BD), volumetric water content (VWC) and penetration resistance (PR). The model performance was logical, and the results were in harmony with earlier findings. The accuracy of the models created was tested with independent data. The models may be regarded rather trustworthy, since no significant bias was found. Mean absolute error of roughly 20% was found which may be regarded as acceptable taken into account the character of the penetrometer tool. The models can be linked with mobility models predicting either risks of rutting, compaction or rolling resistance.", "keywords": ["WATER-CONTENT", "cone index", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "COMPACTION", "soil bulk density", "DENSITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "penetration resistance", "shear strength", "PENETRATION RESISTANCE", "VWC", "CONE INDEX"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ala-Ilom\u00e4ki, Jari, Lindeman, Harri, Toivio, Jenny, Siren, Matti, Uusitalo, Jori,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10050"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.10050", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.10050", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.10050"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.10195", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-20", "title": "The efficacy of Chondrostereum purpureum against sprouting of deciduous species after mechanized pre-commercial thinning", "description": "The use of a white-rot fungus, (Pers. Ex Fr.) Pouzar, as a biocontrol agent against sprouting has been studied with good results. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of two pre-commercial thinning machines, Tehoj\u00c3\u00a4tk\u00c3\u00a4 and Mense, to spread an inoculum of as a biocontrol agent on freshly cut birch ( Roth and Ehrh.), European aspen ( L.), rowan ( L.), and goat willow ( L.) stumps (the fungal treatment) and compare that to the control (cutting only, done by Tehoj\u00c3\u00a4tk\u00c3\u00a4). Efficacy was investigated in terms of stump mortality and the number of sprouts per stump. This study was conducted in one stand and sprouting was investigated for three years after treatment. The fungal treatment resulted in higher mortality of stumps (34.0% for Tehoj\u00c3\u00a4tk\u00c3\u00a4 and 41.5% for Mense after three years), compared to the control (13.4%). However, the fungal treatment did not decrease the number of sprouts per stump compared to the control. The low occurrence of basidiomata indicates that the accuracy of the spreading mechanism was not satisfactory, causing low mortality figures for the fungal treatment compared to previous studies. In the future, this mechanized method may provide a promising alternative in sprout control if the spreading mechanisms, the accuracy of the treatment, and consequently the efficacy could be improved.Chondrostereum purpureumC. purpureumBetula pendulaB.\u00a0pubescensPopulus tremulaSorbus aucupariaSalix caprea", "keywords": ["biologinen vesakontorjunta", "0106 biological sciences", "vegetation management", "koneellinen mets\u00e4nhoito", "fungal treatment", "stump sprouts", "silviculture", "Forestry", "Chondrostereum purpureum", "SD1-669.5", "ta4112", "01 natural sciences", "mechanization", "purppuranahakka", "koivu"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10195"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.10195", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.10195", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.10195"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.1260", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-14", "title": "Biomass Production Of Coppiced Grey Alder And The Effect Of Fertilization", "description": "We studied biomass production of two naturally originated grey alder ( (L.) Moench) stands having a mixture of birch and willow located in central Finland. One of the stands was growing on a peatland site (Muhos) and the other on a mineral soil site (Juuka). The stands were clear-cut and fertilization experiments were laid out with several treatments. At Muhos, the treatments included nitrogen fertilisation with different amounts of wood ash and an unfertilized control. At Juuka, the treatments included nitrogen fertilisation either with ash or with PK, and ash and PK treatments alone and an unfertilized control. The sprouts at Muhos were grown for 17 years and at Juuka for 20 years. At Juuka the stand was clear-cut second time at the age of 20 years and grown for 8 years. The stands were measured several times and foliar samples were taken twice during the study period. Clear-cutting increased stem number manifold. The stand density of new coppiced forests after the clear-cutting decreased from 67\u00e2\u0080\u0089000\u00e2\u0080\u009389\u00e2\u0080\u0089000 stems ha at the age of 3\u00e2\u0080\u00936 years to 10\u00e2\u0080\u0089000\u00e2\u0080\u009312\u00e2\u0080\u0089000 stems ha at the age of 17\u00e2\u0080\u009320 years. On neither site fertilization affected biomass production of alders during the study period. Leafless above-ground biomass was 52\u00e2\u0080\u009357 Mg ha after 17\u00e2\u0080\u009320 years. Mean annual leafless above-ground biomass production (MAI) increased with increase of rotation time. At the age of 17\u00e2\u0080\u009320 years the MAI was 2.8\u00e2\u0080\u00933.0 Mg ha a. At Muhos, ash increased foliar P and Ca concentrations, but decreased those of Mn.Alnus incana\u00e2\u0080\u00931\u00e2\u0080\u00931\u00e2\u0080\u00931\u00e2\u0080\u00931", "keywords": ["biomassa", "vesakot", "Alnus incana", "coppicing", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "7. Clean energy", "lannoitus", "fertilization", "biomass production", "Muut aihealueet", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "harmaalepp\u00e4"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.1260"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.1260", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.1260", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.1260"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.423", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-30", "title": "Effects Of Repeated Slash Removal In Thinned Stands On Soil Chemistry And Understorey Vegetation", "description": "The increased interest in harvesting logging residues as a source of bio-energy has led to concerns about the potentially adverse long-term impact of the practice on site productivity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects on soil chemistry (pH, C, N and AL-extractable P, K, Ca and Mg) in three different soil layers (FH, 0\u00e2\u0080\u00935 cm and 5\u00e2\u0080\u009310 cm mineral soil) and understorey vegetation after the second removal of logging residues in whole-tree thinned stands. The study was performed at four different sites, established in the period 1984\u00e2\u0080\u009387, representing a range of different climatic and soil conditions: a very fertile Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) site in south-western Sweden and three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sites located in south, south-central and central Sweden. The effects of whole-tree thinning on soil chemistry and understorey vegetation were generally minor and variable. Across all sites the concentrations of Ca and Mg were significantly lower when slash was removed.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Forestry", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Staffan Jacobson, Olle Rosenberg,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.423"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.423", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.423", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.423"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.524", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-01", "title": "Thinning Response And Thinning Bias In A Young Scots Pine Stand", "description": "The study analyses the annual post-thinning response and thinning bias of a young Scots pine stand as a function of tree size, competition faced by the tree, and competition that is removed around the tree in the thinning treatment. The thinning response of a tree was defined as the change of tree growth due to a thinning treatment. The thinning bias was defined as the difference between the true growth and model prediction. A distance-dependent (spatial) and a distance-independent (non-spatial) growth model were used in the calculations. The empirical data were measured from a thinning experiment consisting of ten plots, each 40 x 30 m in size, which were thinned to different stand densities. The ten-year post-thinning growth of every remaining tree was measured. The results indicated that the highest thinning response is among medium-sized and co-dominant trees. The thinning response is quite small, and even negative for some trees, for two years after thinning but it becomes clearly positive from the third year onwards. The spatial model underestimated the growth of small trees (which usually face high competition) while the non-spatial model overestimated the growth of trees that are small or face much competition. The spatial model used in this study overemphasized the effect of competition while the non-spatial model underestimated this effect. Both growth models overestimated the growth of trees in heavily thinned places, but this bias disappeared in two years. The negative bias was more pronounced with a spatial growth model because the tendency of the non-spatial model to underestimate the growth of trees facing little competition partly compensated for the negative bias.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "non-spatial model", "Pinus sylvestris", "Forestry", "630*5", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "630*2", "ei-spatiaaliset mallit", "01 natural sciences", "spatial model", "growth model", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "spatiaaliset mallit", "kasvumallit"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.524"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.524", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.524", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.524"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14288/1.0441432", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-15", "title": "Crop Conversion from Annual to Perennials: An Effective Strategy to Affect Soil Multifunctionality", "description": "

Although crop conversion from annual to perennial crops has been considered as one path towards climate-smart and resource-efficient agriculture, the effects of this conversion on soil multifunctionality and biomass yields remain unclear. The objective of the study is to enhance soil multifunctionality while exerting a marginal influence on farmer income. Here, we investigated the effects of annual winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two perennial crops (a grass (Lolium perenne L.), a legume (Medicago sativa L.), and their mixture) on soil multifunctionality and biomass yield on the Yellow River floodplain. Soil multifunctionality was assessed by the capacity of water regulation and the multifunctionality of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles. C cycle multifunctionality index is the average of \u03b2-xylosidase, \u03b2-cellobiosidase, and \u03b2-1, 4-glucosidase. N cycle multifunctionality index is the average of L-leucine aminopeptidase and \u03b2-1, 4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase represented (and dominated) P cycle functions. The results showed that perennial crops enhanced soil multifunctionality by 207% for L. perenne, 311% for M. sativa, and 438% for L. perenne + M. sativa, compared with annual winter wheat (T. aestivum). The effect of perennial crops on soil multifunctionality increased with infiltration rate, dissolved organic C, microbial biomass C, and extracellular enzymatic activities for both C and N acquisition. However, we observed that perennial crops had a lower biomass yield than annual crop. Therefore, the transition of agricultural landscapes to perennials needs to take into account the balance between environmental protection and food security, as well as environmental heterogeneity, to promote sustainable agricultural development.

", "keywords": ["land use change", "2. Zero hunger", "soil extracellular enzymes", "annual and perennial crops", "Yellow River floodplain", "S", "13. Climate action", "Agriculture", "soil functions", "15. Life on land", "crop type", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0441432"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14288/1.0441432", "name": "item", "description": "10.14288/1.0441432", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14288/1.0441432"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2016.01730", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-21", "description": "Tillage operation and fertilizer type play important roles in soil properties as far as soil microbial condition is concerned. Information regarding the simultaneous evaluation of the effect of long-term tillage and fertilization on the soil microbial traits of soybean farms is not available. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that, the microbial biomass and enzyme activity, more often than not, respond quickly to changes in soil tillage and fertilization. Therefore, the experiments were aimed at analyzing the responses of soil microbial traits to tillage and fertilization in a soybean field in Kurdistan University, Iran. The field soil is categorized into coarse Loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, and mesic Typic Xerorthents. The experiments were arranged in split plot, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of long-term (since 2002) tillage systems including conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT). Eight fertilization methods were employed in the sub-plots, including (F1): farmyard manure (FYM); (F2): compost; (F3): chemical fertilizers; (F4): FYM + compost; (F5): FYM + chemical fertilizers; (F6): compost + chemical fertilizers; (F7): FYM + compost + chemical fertilizers and (F8): Control (without fertilizer). The highest microbial biomass carbon (385.1 \u03bcg) was observed in NT-F4 treatment. The NT treatment comparatively recorded higher values of acid phosphatase (189.1 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1), alkaline phosphatase (2879.6 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1) and dehydrogenase activity (68.1 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1). The soil treated with a mixture of compost and FYM inputs had the maximum urease activity of all tillage treatments. Organically manured treatment (F4) showed more activity in dehydrogenase (85.7 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1), acid phosphatase (199.1 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1), and alkaline phosphatase (3183.6 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1) compared to those treated with chemical fertilizers. In NT-F4 treatment, using on-farm inputs is most suitable for sustainable management and improvement in soil biological activities in soybean cultivation. We concluded that applying organic manures and employing reduced tillage systems increased soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities.", "keywords": ["urease", "2. Zero hunger", "compost", "microbial biomass", "Plant culture", "Compost", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Urease", "6. Clean water", "phosphatase", "SB1-1110", "12. Responsible consumption", "dehydrogenase", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "tillage."]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01730"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2016.01730", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2016.01730", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2016.01730"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14311/cej.2021.03.0059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-26", "title": "GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY AS A TOOL TO REVEAL SUBSURFACE STRATIFICATION AT A SMALL AGRICULTURAL HEADWATER CATCHMENT: A CASE STUDY", "description": "

Catchment drainage area is a basic spatial unit in landscape hydrology within which the authorities estimate a water balance and manage water resources. The catchment drainage area is commonly delineated based on the surface topography, which is determined using a digital elevation model. Therefore, only a flow over the surface is implicitly considered. However, a substantial portion of the rainfall water infiltrates and percolates through the soil profile to the groundwater, where geological structures control the drainage area instead of the topography of the soil surface. The discrepancy between the surface topography-based and bedrock-based drainage area can cause large discrepancies in water balance calculation. It this paper we present an investigation of the subsurface media stratification in a headwater catchment in the central part of the Czech Republic using a geophysical survey method - electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Results indicate that the complexity of the subsurface geological layers cannot be estimated solely from the land surface topography. Although shallow layers copy the shape of the surface, the deeper layers do not. This finding has a strong implication on the water transport regime since it suggests that the deep drainage may follow different pathways and flow in other directions then the water in shallow soil profile or shallow subsurface structures.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Subsurface stratigraphy", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Hydrology", "Headwater catchment", "15. Life on land", "Electrical resistivity tomography", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14311/cej.2021.03.0059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Stavebn%C3%AD%20obzor%20-%20Civil%20Engineering%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14311/cej.2021.03.0059", "name": "item", "description": "10.14311/cej.2021.03.0059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14311/cej.2021.03.0059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6&offset=5350&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6&offset=5350&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6&offset=5300", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6&offset=5400", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 9870, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T08:21:27.864204Z"}