{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-24", "title": "Modelling Soil Organic Carbon Turnover In Improved Fallows In Eastern Zambia Using The Rothc-26.3 Model", "description": "Abstract   Scarcity of simple and reliable methods of estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and lack of data from long-term experiments make it difficult to estimate attainable soil C sequestration in tropical improved fallows. Testing and validating existing and widely used SOC models would help to determine attainable C storage in fallows. The Rothamsted C (RothC) model, therefore, was tested using empirical data from improved fallows at Msekera in eastern Zambia. This study (i) determined the effects of nitrogen fixing tree (NFT) species on aboveground organic C inputs to the soil and SOC stocks, (ii) estimated annual net organic C inputs to the soil using the RothC, and (iii) tested the performance of RothC model using empirical data from improved fallows. Soil samples (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were collected from coppicing and non-coppicing fallow experiments in October 2002 for determination of SOC by LECO CHN-1000 analyser. Data on surface litter, maize and weed biomasses, and on weather, were supplied by the Zambia/ICRAF Agroforestry Project. Measured SOC stocks to 20\u00a0cm depth ranged from 32.2 to 37.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows and 29.5 to 30.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows compared to 22.2\u201326.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in maize monoculture systems. Coppicing fallows accumulated more SOC (680\u20131150\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121) than non-coppicing fallows (410\u2013789\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121). While treatments with NFTs accumulated more SOC than NFT-free systems, SOC stocks increased with increasing tree biomass production and tree rotation. For food security and C sequestration, coppicing fallows are a potentially viable option.  The RothC-26.3 model calculates the effect of annual above- and below-ground plant residue inputs to the soil on total organic C, microbial biomass, and radiocarbon age of the soil over a period ranging from a few years to centuries. As plant residue inputs from roots during plant growth are rarely known, the model is most often run in \u2018inverse\u2019 mode to generate total annual plant residue inputs from known soil, site, and weather data. The model, run in reverse, estimated the annual net organic C inputs required to maintain SOC stocks. Estimates ranged from 2.8 to 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows, 2.2\u20135.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows, and from 1.4 to 2.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in controls. Modelled inputs comprising above- and below-ground organic residues in fallows were 12\u2013104% greater than measured above-ground inputs alone. The model provided a good fit to empirical SOC data in fertilized maize monoculture, and in coppicing and non-coppicing fallows. Modelled inputs for Leucaena, Gliricidia, Senna, Sesbania, and Cajanus closely matched plant C input values estimated in separate studies, suggesting that RothC is giving reasonable simulations of soil C changes under improved fallow conditions in Zambia. However, the DPM/RPM ratio for plant C inputs in fallows was increased from 0.25 to 1.10 to suit their biodegradability characteristics. The RothC model can be used to calculate annual organic C inputs and SOC stocks in improved fallows provided suitable DPM:RPM ratios are used.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-05", "title": "Reactive-transport modelling of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 passage through water saturated sediment columns", "description": "The reuse of treated wastewater (e.g. for irrigation) is a common practice to combat water scarcity problems world-wide. However, the potential spread of opportunistic pathogens and fecal contaminants like Enterococci within the subsoil could pose serious health hazards. Additional sources (e.g., leaky sewer systems, livestock farming) aggravate this situation. This study contributes to an understanding of pathogen spread in the environment, using a combined modelling and experimental approach. The impact of quartz sediment and certain wastewater characteristics on the dissemination of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 is investigated. The transport processes of advection-dispersion and straining were studied by injecting conservative saline tracer and fluorescent microspheres through sediment packed columns, and evaluating resulting breakthrough curves using models. Similarly, simultaneously occurring reactive processes of microbial attachment, decay, respiration and growth were studied by injecting Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 suspended in water with or without dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients through sediment, and evaluating resulting inlet and outlet concentration curves. The processes of straining, microbial decay and growth, were important when DO was absent. Irreversible attachment was important when DO was present. Sensitivity analysis of each parameter was conducted, and field scale behavior of the processes was predicted, to facilitate future work.", "keywords": ["Physical Phenomena", "13. Climate action", "Enterococcus faecalis", "Water Movements", "0207 environmental engineering", "Water", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Enterococcus", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-08", "title": "Smartphone-based tension disc infiltrometer for soil hydraulic characterisation", "description": "31 Pags.- 18 Figs.- 1 Tabl.  The definitive version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 The tension disc infiltrometer has become a widespread method to measure soil hydraulic properties under unsaturated conditions. Although several automated devices have been developed, most designs include an elongated water reservoir and a pressure transducer with electronic components to register the water level, increasing its cost and limiting its application. The objective of this work is to present a new tension disc infiltrometer with a compact design of 10 cm diameter and height, where the water level is monitored by a smartphone camera. The infiltration curve is determined from the automated analysis of the images recorded by the smartphone without additional electronic components. The device was first validated in the laboratory by comparing visual measurements (V), the camera imagery (Ca) and a pressure transducer (PT). Next, it was tested on field infiltration experiments. Robust fits (R2 = 0.99) were found between the water level measured with Ca in the laboratory and those obtained with V and PT procedures. The Ca method is accurate, robust and independent of the relative camera position. Good fits were also observed between Ca water level and those obtained with PT in the field experiments. Similar hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values were obtained with both sensors using the numerical solution of the Haverkamp (NSH) equation. The compact infiltrometer, in conjunction with the smartphone camera, is an accurate, accessible, portable and easy-to-use field-based device for soil hydraulic characterisation. This research was supported by the MINECO project ASBIO (PGC2018-094332-B-100) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803]. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Automated single-ring infiltrometer", "Compact design", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Infiltration rate measurements", "NSH", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-22", "title": "A review of threats to groundwater quality in the anthropocene", "description": "Awareness concerning sustainable groundwater consumption under the context of land use and climate change is gaining traction, raising the bar for adequate understanding of the complexities of natural and anthropogenic processes and how they affect groundwater quality. The heterogeneous characteristics of aquifers have hampered comprehensive source, transport and contaminant identification. As questions remain about the behavior and prediction of well-known groundwater contaminants, new concerns around emerging contaminants are on the increase. This review highlights some of the key contaminants that originate from anthropogenic activities, organized based on land use categories namely agricultural, urban and industrial. It further highlights the extensive overlap, in terms of both provenance as well as contaminant type, between the different land use sectors. A selection of case studies from literature that describe the continued concern of established contaminants, as well as new and emerging compounds, are presented to illustrate the many qualitative threats to global groundwater resources. In some cases, the risk of groundwater contamination lacks adequate gravity, while in others the underlying physical and societal processes are not fully understood and activities may commence without adequately considering potential impacts. In the agricultural context, the historic and current application of fertilizers and plant protectants, use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and hormones, strives to safeguard the growing food demands. In the context of a sprawling urban environment, waste, human pharmaceuticals, and urban pesticide outputs are increasing, with adequate runoff and sanitation infrastructure often lagging. Finally, industrial activities are associated with accidental leaks and spills, while the large-scale storage of industrial byproducts has led to legacy contaminants such as those stemming from raw mineral extraction. With this review paper, we aim to underscore the need for transdisciplinary research, along with transboundary communication, using sound science and adaptive policy and management practice in order to procure sustainable groundwater quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-09", "title": "Microbial Degradation Of Hydrolysable And Condensed Tannin Polyphenol-Protein Complexes In Soils From Different Land-Use Histories", "description": "Abstract   Polyphenols are capable of binding to proteins and form polyphenol\u2013protein complexes thus reducing the release of N from decomposing plant materials. The objective of this work was to test if under polyphenol-rich vegetations adapted microbial communities had developed capable of breaking down recalcitrant polyphenol\u2013protein complexes. Soils used for this investigation were from different 10-year-old tropical agricultural systems (maize, sugarcane plots and Gliricidia sepium or Peltophorum dasyrrachis woodlots) and natural systems (secondary forest and Imperata cylindrica grassland). TA (tannic acid, hydrolysable tannin), QUE (quebracho, condensed tannin), BSA (bovine serum albumin, protein) or TA/BSA and QUE/BSA polyphenol\u2013protein complexes were incubated at 28\u00a0\u00b0C in these soils. CO2-C and 13C evolution were periodically monitored and mineral N release, microbial biomass N and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles measured at the end.  QUE was able to bind about 25% more protein than TA. In all systems the individual uncomplexed substrates were more easily degraded than the complexes. On average, net cumulative CO2-C evolution from TA/BSA complexes was more than 5 times higher than from QUE/BSA complexes, indicating higher C availability and/or lower protection capability of TA compared to QUE. However, net N release was higher from QUE/BSA than from TA/BSA probably due to their higher protein-binding capacity and associated larger degradation of partly unprotected protein as suggested by 13C-CO2 signatures. Microbial respiration patterns indicated that polyphenol complexes were initially degraded more quickly in the maize cropping system than in soils from under polyphenol-rich communities (Peltophorum and natural forest) but this pattern reversed with time. Long-term incubation of QUE/BSA complexes even caused a negative effect on microbial respiration in agricultural soils with low polyphenol contents (e.g. maize and sugarcane).  Incubation of polyphenol complexes in soil depressed microbial biomass N in maize, sugarcane, Imperata and forest systems and led to reduced soil pH. However, microbial biomass was increased under the polyphenol-rich vegetation of Peltophorum. The PLFA group 18:2w6,9 was highly enhanced by condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes additions as compared to control and hydrolysable polyphenol\u2013protein complexes in soils with high polyphenol contents. Polyphenol complexes increased the fungi:bacteria ratio in systems with a high polyphenol content, particularly with condensed tannin complexes. The results indicated that systems with a high polyphenol content favoured development of fungal communities that are highly adaptable to phenol-rich soil conditions and high acidity, particularly with regards to the more recalcitrant condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect of fertilization on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems - A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Soil microorganisms are considered a sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. In cropping systems, soil microorganisms are strongly affected by crop management, including the application of fertilizers. While studies in natural ecosystems have generally found that increased nitrogen (N) inputs decrease microbial biomass, microorganisms in soils under upland crops often benefit from mineral fertilizer input. Paddy rice soils, being flooded for part of the season, are dominated by different carbon (C) and N cycle processes and microbial communities than soils under upland crops. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilizer on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems in a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. Across all studies (n\u00a0=\u00a055), the addition of mineral fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) by 26% in paddy rice soils. Mineral fertilizer applications also increased soil organic carbon content (SOC) by 13%. The higher crop productivity with fertilization likely led to higher organic C inputs, which in turn increased SOC and MBC contents. The time of sampling within a season (pre-plant rice, in-season rice, post-harvest rice, or post-harvest rotational crop) did not significantly affect the response of MBC to mineral fertilizer. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on MBC content did not differ between cropping systems with continuous rice and systems where paddy rice was grown in rotation with other crops. However, compared with upland cropping systems, the increase in the microbial biomass due to mineral fertilizer application is more pronounced in rice cropping systems, even when rice is grown in rotation with an upland crop. Differences in climate and soil oxygen availability likely explain the stronger response of soil microorganisms to mineral fertilizer input in paddy rice systems. Our analysis suggests that fertilization does not consistently select for specific microbial groups (e.g. gram positive or negative bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) in paddy rice systems; however, it affects microbial community composition through changes in soil properties. How specific groups of microorganisms respond to mineral fertilization likely depends on environmental factors. Overall, our results suggest that in paddy rice systems the application of inorganic fertilizers increases SOC and MBC contents, both of which are important indicators of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bruce A. Linquist, Patricia Lazicki, Daniel Geisseler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization And Cropping Systems Effects On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Pools Under Chisel-Plow Tillage In Illinois", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural soils can be a major sink for atmospheric carbon (C) with adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs). Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations and pools. Replicated soil samples were collected in May 2004 to 90\u00a0cm depth from a 23-year-old experiment at the Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Monmouth, IL. The SOC and TN concentrations and pools, soil bulk density ( \u03c1  b ) and soil C:N ratio were measured for five N rates [0 (N 0 ), 70 (N 1 ), 140 (N 2 ), 210 (N 3 ) and 280 (N 4 ) kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ] and two cropping systems [continuous corn ( Zea mays  L.) (CC), and corn\u2013soybean ( Glycine max  (L . ) Merr.) rotation (CS)]. Long-term N fertilization and cropping systems significantly influenced SOC concentrations and pools to 30\u00a0cm depth. The SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 68.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 75.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . Across all N treatments, the SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth for CC was 4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. Similarly, TN concentrations and pools were also significantly affected by N rates. The TN pool for 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 5.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 6.14\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . In relation to cropping systems, the TN pool for 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth for CC was 0.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. The increase in SOC and TN pools with higher N rates is attributed to the increased amount of biomass production in CC and CS systems. Increasing N rates significantly decreased  \u03c1  b  for 0\u201330\u00a0cm and decreased the soil C:N ratio for 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth. However, none of the measured soil properties were significantly correlated with N rates and cropping systems below 30\u00a0cm soil depth. We conclude that in the context of developing productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems on a site and soil specific basis, the results from this study is helpful to strengthening the database of management effects on SOC storage in the Mollisols of Midwestern U.S.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Soil Carbon Stratification Affected By Long-Term Tillage And Cropping Systems In Southern Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Continuous residue inputs when associated with minimum soil disturbance gradually promote the stratification of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the soil profile. In temperate soils, this characteristic has been used as an indicator of quality of soil management. However, few studies have been conducted with this indicator in tropical and subtropical climates or with the main soil orders in these areas. To fill this gap, this study was carried out in a subtropical climate with two of the major Brazilian soil orders, Oxisol and Alfisol, that together account for 63% of Brazilian agricultural soils. This study tested the hypothesis that the CSR is affected by soil order and climate type. The main treatments were soil tillage and different cropping systems in two long-term experiments carried out in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The first experiment, established in 1985, was conducted over a clayey Hapludox (Oxisol) soil. The main plots were treated with one of two tillage systems (conventional tillage \u2013 CT; and no-tillage \u2013 NT). The subplots were treated with one of three cropping systems: (a) continuous crop succession (R0) \u2013 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill); (b) winter crop rotation (R1)\u2013wheat/soybean/black oat (Avena strigosa Schreber)/soybean; (c) summer and winter crop rotation (R2) \u2013 wheat/soybean/black oat/soybean/black oat\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Walp)/maize (Zea mays L.)/forage radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.). The second experiment was established in 1991 over a sandy loam distrophic Paleudalf (Alfisol) soil. Five cropping systems were analyzed under no-till: (a) maize\u00a0+\u00a0jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis DC)/soybean (M/JB); (b) maize/fallow/soybean (M/F); (c) maize/ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch/soybean (M/R); (d) maize\u00a0+\u00a0velvet beans (Stizolobium cinereum Piper and Tracy)/soybean (M/VB); and (e) maize/radish oil/soybean (M/FR). The carbon stratification ratio (CSR) was assessed in the 19th and 22nd experimental years for Oxisol and in the 10th and 17th years for Alfisol. This index was calculated through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.05 and 0.05\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layers. The CPI was determined through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layer in a given treatment compared with native vegetation. Regardless of the soil order, SOC was influenced by C input and the tillage system; there was a positive linear relationship between CSR and CPI. The relationship between the CSR and the carbon pool index (CPI) was used to infer the quality of soil management. Higher CSR and CPI indices were found under treatments with minimum soil disturbance and intensive crop rotation. Lower CSR and CPI values were associated with frequent mobilization and lower crop diversity. These CSR indices sensitively distinguished the intensity of tillage (NT replacing CT) and cropping systems (cover crops replacing winter fallow or crop succession). The CSR values in subtropical soils investigated were lower than those reported for temperate soils. The soil order affected the critical CSR value being lower in the Oxisol than in the Alfisol. Our findings recommend accept our hypothesis that the CSR is affected by climate and soil order.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr9930621", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-06", "title": "The Effect Of Fire On Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization And Nitrification In An Australian Forest Soil", "description": "<p>The causes of onset of nitrification in a soil collected under an ashbed which was produced when heaped slash was burned, and for its absence in an unburnt soil, were investigated for an acid forest soil from south-eastern Australia. The occurrence of nitrification in ashbed soils was assessed in laboratory incubations extendig to 151 days to determine if it could be attributed to (a) an increase in pH, (b) an additional supply of P, (c) the removal of chemical inhibitors, and (d) the lack of competition with heterotrophs killed during soil heating. The treatments were: percolated and unpercolated ashbed soil from 0-5 and 5-10 cm depth; unburnt soil from 0-5 cm untreated and with added lime or added P; and burnt and unburnt soil from 5-10 cm depth. In addition, each treatment had an identical where the soil was inoculated with nitrifying garden soil. Compared with the unburnt surface soil (0-5 cm), ashbed soil had higher pH (3.6 units), higher mineral N (3 times) and slightly elevated NaHCO3-extractable P. During 151 days of incubation, microbial respiration in surface ashbed soil, measured as CO2 evolution, initially exceeded the values obtained in unburnt soil but then decreased to only 72% of unburnt soil at the end of the incubation period. In ashbed soil, the microbial biomass N content was low but its C/N ratio was high. Net N mineralization (Nmin) in ashbed soil was not significantly different from unburnt or phosphate fertilized soils (13.1, 14.7 and 17.8 mg N,in kg-' respectively) but was lower than in limed soil (59.3 mg Nmin kg-1). Percolation of surface ashbed soil with distilled water removed high amounts of salts and increased microbial respiration and N mineralization. Inoculation of soils with a slurry from a nitrifying garden soil induced nitrification in every treatment, regardless of their ammonium content, pH or other limiting component. Nitrification was also stimulated in unburnt surface soil on the addition of lime and P. Autotrophic nitriflers were active only in surface ashbed soils and probably in limed soils. P addition promoted heterotrophic nitrification. It was concluded that soil heating reduced competition between autotrophs and heterotrophs for ammonium and that ash supplies nutrients, such as K and Ca which stimulate nitrification. Low pH was not a limiting factor for nitrification but a high pH may promote the establishment of autotrophic nitrifiers.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr9930621"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr9930621", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr9930621", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr9930621"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "First Report of Multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-I Causing Crown and Root Rot on Strawberry in Italy", "description": "Strawberry (Fragaria\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0ananassa\u00a0Duch.) is a crop of great economic importance in Italy, where it is grown in soil and under soilless conditions. In March 2019, about 30 to 35% of plants (cv. Portola) grown in a peat substrate under soilless conditions in a farm located in Cuneo Province died. The examination of 10 plants showed crown and root rot over 100% of the root/crown. Affected plants showed brown necrotic tissues in basal leaves and petiole necrosis. Crown and root tissues were cleaned thoroughly from soil residues under tap water. Portions (about 3 to 5 mm) from crowns and roots were cut and surface disinfected with a water solution of NaClO at 0.5% for 2 min and rinsed in sterile water. The tissue fragments were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate and incubated at 25\u00b0C. After 3 days, fungal colonies with septate hyphae and right-angled branching similar to\u00a0Rhizoctonia solani\u00a0were observed with high frequency (90%) (Sneh et\u00a0al. 1991). To confirm the species identity, hyphal tips were transferred from the obtained colonies to PDA and grown for 10 days at 22 \u00b1 1\u00b0C. Mycelium was light brown, compact, with radial growth. The hyphal width varied from 8.5 to 10 \u03bcm. Sclerotia were not present. DNA was then extracted from a single representative isolate (RH230), and rDNA ITS sequencing was conducted as described by\u00a0Aiello et\u00a0al. (2017). The rDNA ITS sequence of RH230 (GenBank accession no. MZ373271) was 100% identical (603/603 bp) to part of another sequence previously identified as\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I (MK583647,\u00a0Claerbout et\u00a0al. 2019). Twenty-day-old healthy plants of cultivar Portola were planted in a steam-disinfested peat soil (12-liter pots) infested with 1 g/liter of wheat kernels colonized for 10 days with the isolate RH230 to evaluate the pathogenicity. Control plants were planted in a steam-disinfested peat substrate amended with noninoculated sterilized wheat kernels. Six plants per treatments were used and kept in a greenhouse at 25 \u00b1 3\u00b0C. Crown and root rot similar to that observed in the farm developed 40 to 55 days after inoculation and resulted in 50 to 66% dead plants during two repeated trials. Fungal colonies morphologically similar to\u00a0R. solani\u00a0were consistently reisolated from affected crowns, and the resequencing of the rDNA ITS region fulfilled Koch\u2019s postulates. Control plants remained healthy.\u00a0Rhizoctonia\u00a0isolates of AG-A and AG-G anastomosis groups were found as pathogens of strawberry in Italy (Manici and Bonora 2007), while the AG4 HG-I was reported in Israel (Sharon et\u00a0al. 2007).\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I was found on other hosts (Aiello et\u00a0al. 2017); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report on strawberry in Italy. The disease could become a significant problem for soilless culture strawberry in Italy, causing severe yield losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crown rot; Rhizoctonia; Root rot; Strawberry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Disease", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "name": "item", "description": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-05", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates In Two Long-Term No-Till Experiments In Ohio", "description": "The effectiveness of no-till (NT) farming in reducing loss of soil organic matter (SOM) depends on climate and soil properties. Soil samples were obtained from two long-term experiments that were designed to study the impact of tillage systems on crop yields. However, the objectives of this experiment were to assess the impact of NT on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and other soil properties and to estimate historic depletion of SOC under different soil management practices with reference to the undisturbed wooded control. The two long-term experiments in Ohio studied were those sited at South Charleston and Hoytville. The South Charleston (83\u00b0 30' W and 39\u00b0 48' N) experiment was established in 1962 on Crosby silt loam (fine mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf). The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 10.8 \u00b0C and 1043 mm, respectively. Tillage treatments for continuous corn (Zea mays) were NT, chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP). The Hoytville (84\u00b0 04' W and 41\u00b0 03' N) experiment was established in 1987 on Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) soil. The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 9.9 \u00b0C and 845 mm, respectively. There were two crop rotations: (i) 2-year corn-soybean (Glycine max) rotation with NT and subsoiling and (ii) 3-year corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa) rotation with NT, CP, and rotational tillage soil management. The Hoytville clay site is poorly drained, has higher clay content, and higher and more even by distributed antecedent level of SOC in the soil profile than does the South Charleston silt loam soil. No-till increased SOC and N pools in the 0 to 5-cm layer in silt loam soil but had no effect in clay soil. The rate of SOC sequestration in the silt-loam soil under NT was 175 kg C ha -1  y -1 . The silt loam soil had higher SOC and N stratification ratios in NT than in MP and CP treatments, whereas the stratification ratios were low and similar in all treatments in the clayey soil. For both soils, there were no differences between tillage treatments in several soil properties including texture, available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity (K s ), and cation exchange capacity. The NT decreased soil bulk density and pH in the 0 to 15-cm layer in the silt loam soil. The plow till treatments had a small impact on soil aggregation in clayey soil. The decline in water-stable aggregates with reference to NT was no more than one sixth. In the silt loam soil, however, the water-stable aggregates in plow till treatments were merely one third of that in the NT treatment. The historic loss of the SOC pool for 0 to 30-cm depth under agricultural land use was 25 to 35% in silt loam and 19 to 25% in the clayey soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Identification of isoprene-degrading bacteria in phyllosphere and soil communities from high isoprene-emitting oil palm trees by DNA-stable isotope probing", "description": "<p>Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) on Earth, with annual global emissions almost equal to those from methane. Due to its volatile nature and high reactivity, isoprene plays a complex role in atmospheric chemistry and hence, climate. However, very little is known about its biological degradation in the environment. The vast majority of isoprene (500 Tg \uffc2\uffb7y-1) is produced by terrestrial plants and oil palm is considered one of the highest isoprene-producing trees, with estimated emissions of 175 \uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffb7g-1 dry leaves \uffc2\uffb7h-1. Oil palm is also a heavily cultivated crop since it is the source of 30% of the vegetable oil in the world and in countries such as Malaysia represents &gt;85% of total agricultural land. The vast expansion of a single crop that emits such high amounts of isoprene have raised serious concerns about its impact on air quality and climate change. We performed DNA Stable Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP) to study the isoprene-degrading community of oil palm trees in a Malaysian plantation and identified novel genera of isoprene-utilising bacteria in both oil palm soils and leaves. isoA amplicon sequencing data also confirmed that oil palm trees harbour a novel diversity of isoA genes, which encode the alpha subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase, a key enzyme in isoprene metabolism. In addition, metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from metagenomes from oil palm soil and leaf incubations and analysed to identify isoprene degradation gene clusters in these microorganisms. Finally, analysis of unenriched metagenomes showed that isoA-containing bacteria are more abundant in soils than in the oil palm phyllosphere.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Access%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "name": "item", "description": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-19", "title": "Drought Changes Phosphorus And Potassium Accumulation Patterns In An Evergreen Mediterranean Forest", "description": "Summary<p>  <p>Climate models predict more extreme weather in Mediterranean ecosystems, with more frequent drought periods and torrential rainfall. These expected changes may affect major process in ecosystems such as mineral cycling. However, there is a lack of experimental data regarding the effects of prolonged drought on nutrient cycling and content in Mediterranean ecosystems.</p> <p>A 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year drought manipulation experiment was conducted in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest. The aim was to investigate the effects of drought conditions expected to occur over the coming decades, on the contents and concentrations of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in stand biomass, and P and K content and availability in soils.</p> <p>Drought (an average reduction of 15% in soil moisture) increased P leaf concentration by 18\uffc2\uffb72% and reduced P wood and root concentrations (30\uffc2\uffb79% and 39\uffc2\uffb78%, respectively) in the dominant tree species Quercus ilex, suggesting a process of mobilization of P from wood towards leaves. The decrease in P wood concentrations in Quercus ilex, together with a decrease in forest biomass growth, led to an overall decrease (by approximately one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third) of the total P content in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. In control plots, the total P content in the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass increased 54\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from 1999 to 2005, whereas in drought plots there was no increase in P levels in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. Drought had no effects on either K above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground contents or concentrations.</p> <p>Drought increased total soil soluble P by increasing soil soluble organic P, which is the soil soluble P not directly available to plant capture. Drought reduced the ratio of soil soluble inorganic P\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0soil soluble organic P by 50% showing a decrease of inorganic P release from P bound to organic matter. Drought increased by 10% the total K content in the soil, but reduced the soil soluble K by 20\uffc2\uffb74%.</p> <p>Drought led to diminished plant uptake of mineral nutrients and to greater recalcitrance of minerals in soil. This will lead to a reduction in P and K in the ecosystem, due to losses in P and K through leaching and erosion, if the heavy rainfalls predicted by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) models occur. As P is currently a limiting factor in many Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems, and given that P and K are necessary for high water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency and stomata control, the negative effects of drought on P and K content in the ecosystem may well have additional indirect negative effects on plant fitness.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:19:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-22", "title": "Functional Changes In The Control Of Carbon Fluxes After 3 Years Of Increased Drought In A Mediterranean Evergreen Forest?", "description": "Abstract<p>Our objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "Western Oregon Grass Seed Crop Rotation And Straw Residue Effects On Soil Quality", "description": "<p>Understanding the impact of crop rotation and residue management in grass seed production systems on soil quality and, in particular soil C dynamics, is critical in making long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil management decisions supporting farm sustainability. The effects of a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotation and residue management (high vs. low residue) on soil quality were investigated at three locations in Oregon, each contrasting in soil drainage classification. The crop rotations were continuous perennial grass seed production, grass/legume seed production, and grass/legume/cereal seed production. The grass species grown at each location were different and represented those most commonly produced in each environment; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub], and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). All three grass seed crop rotations and residue methods maintained high soil quality in conventional or direct seeded soils, but under some situations, soil quality was higher with continuous grass rotation and high residue. Data suggest that straw removal for value\uffe2\uff80\uff90added use, like bioenergy production, can be accomplished in the Pacific Northwest Marine climate without appreciably affecting soil quality. Furthermore, grass seed cropping systems play an important role in soil C storage and enhancement, a valuable ecosystem service in this region where grass seed is produced on land that is not suitable for production of conventional crops that require better\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soil. We conclude that by nature perennial grass seed crops promote high soil fertility and enriched soil C pools and consequently contribute to the tolerance of these systems to the use of less conservation\uffe2\uff80\uff90oriented crop management methods at times when crop loss could be potentially high. This attribute provides producers greater latitude in selecting soil and crop management options to address issues of soil fertility, pest, weed, or seed certification to minimize economic crop yield losses.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gerald Whittaker, Richard P. Dick, Gary M. Banowetz, Stephen M. Griffith, George W. Mueller-Warrant,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Abstract<p>Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilization affects soil organic N reserves, N mineralization potential, and crop response to applied N, but little information is available on the influence of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilizer (STN) management on soil organic N availability and crop response. This study was conducted to determine if STN changes soil N supplying capability to corn (Zea mays L.) after 3 yr of differential N fertilization on a Fayette silt loam soil (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in Wisconsin. Various rates of N fertilizer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93402 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were applied to corn in 1983, 1984, and 1985, and their residual effects on corn response were evaluated in 1986. Soil profile No3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels in spring 1986 were very low in all plots (48 \uffc2\uffb1 4 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 [90 cm]\uffe2\uff88\uff921), yet grain yields and N uptake were significantly increased by STN applications. Corn N uptake was linearly related to the total amount of N returned to soil in crop residues during the previous 3 yr. Increased organic N availability under high STN management was equivalent to a 78 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate, or 47% of the N fertilizer required for optimum crop yields. In aerobic incubations (40 wk) of spring 1986 soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm), STN additions increased N release only in the first few weeks. Kinetics of N mineralization were best described by a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90component model in which the active fraction (NA) of soil organic N was highly correlated with corn N uptake (r = 0.88). Simulation of field conditions showed that 95% of NA is available before crop maturity. A phosphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90borate buffer organic N availability index was significantly and consistently related to STN treatments. Relative increases in total soil organic N corresponded with the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N balance between fertilizer additions and grain removals, and were about 10 times larger than mineralizable N. These results indicate that immobilization of excess mineral N into stable soil organic N during decomposition of crop residues should be considered in determining the environmental risk of N fertilization. Although labile organic N is a small fraction of the total fertilizer N contribution to soil N, its quantification should allow a more accurate assessment of crop N needs.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-20", "title": "Soil Structural Shifts Caused by Land Management Practices", "description": "Long-term agricultural practices have been shown to affect soil hydro-physical properties in multiple ways. They affect the stability and distribution of soil aggregates leading to changes in water retention, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and porosity. Aggregate stability is an indicator of the resilience of aggregates to external forces. Unstable aggregates can change rapidly under different land management practices and meteorological conditions. \u039cacro-aggregates (>250 \u03bcm) are formed more rapidly and are often more sensitive to management changes. Here, four different long-term experiments, run by the SoilCare Horizon 2020 Project partners, were sampled and analyzed, in order to evaluate the impact of different agricultural management practices in the water stability of soil aggregates and the fractions distribution. Different experiments selected, include control-conventional treatment and different treatments, which are considered soil improving. The treatments are about soil cultivation (conventional ploughing-control, zero tillage, minimum tillage, strip tillage, shallow tillage) and organic input (mineral fertilization-control, residue incorporation, farmyard manure) and are selected in areas with different climatic and soil conditions. Initial results indicate that treatments with less soil disturbance present more water stable aggregates (WSA) >250 \u03bcm and higher mean weight diameters (MWD), as well as the same trend following the treatments with increased organic input. According to Tukey\u2019s Honest Significance test (<i>p</i> < 0.05), management practices are shown to have a significant impact on the WSA and MWD in most cases, but not all similar treatments in the different areas present the same results. The large macro-aggregates (>2 mm) seem to be greatly sensitive to soil cultivation, whereas the results for the small macro-aggregates (250 \u03bcm\u20132 mm) are controversial among the different tillage experiments. The different organic inputs seems to affect more the small macro-aggregates than the larger. The initial results indicate that the shifts in the soil structure cannot only be justified by the different management practices. The interrelationships and potential links with other soil properties like texture, bulk density, particulate organic matter and climate will be taken into account in further steps in order to understand the mechanisms behind the aggregation shifts.", "keywords": ["long-term experiments", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil cultivation", "A", "aggregates", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil structure", "SoilCare", "General Works", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ioanna Panagea, Jan Diels, Guido Wyseure,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030057"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/TERRAenVISION%202019", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/proceedings2019030057"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13061133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-16", "title": "Assessing Irrigation Water Use with Remote Sensing-Based Soil Water Balance at an Irrigation Scheme Level in a Semi-Arid Region of Morocco", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This study aims to evaluate a remote sensing-based approach to allow estimation of the temporal and spatial distribution of crop evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation water requirements over irrigated areas in semi-arid regions. The method is based on the daily step FAO-56 Soil Water Balance model combined with a time series of basal crop coefficients and the fractional vegetation cover derived from high-resolution satellite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery. The model was first calibrated and validated at plot scale using ET measured by eddy-covariance systems over wheat fields and olive orchards representing the main crops grown in the study area of the Haouz plain (central Morocco). The results showed that the model provided good estimates of ET for wheat and olive trees with a root mean square error (RMSE) of about 0.56 and 0.54 mm/day respectively. The model was then used to compare remotely sensed estimates of irrigation requirements (RS-IWR) and irrigation water supplied (WS) at plot scale over an irrigation district in the Haouz plain through three growing seasons. The comparison indicated a large spatio-temporal variability in irrigation water demands and supplies; the median values of WS and RS-IWR were 130 (175), 117 (175) and 118 (112) mm respectively in the 2002\u20132003, 2005\u20132006 and 2008\u20132009 seasons. This could be attributed to inadequate irrigation supply and/or to farmers\u2019 socio-economic considerations and management practices. The findings demonstrate the potential for irrigation managers to use remote sensing-based models to monitor irrigation water usage for efficient and sustainable use of water resources.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "FAO-56 soil water balance", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Science", "water", "Q", "evapotranspiration", "balance", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "irrigation", "6. Clean water", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "remote sensing", "evapotranspiration; irrigation; water; remote sensing; FAO-56 soil water balance; NDVI time series", "FAO-56 soil water", "NDVI time series"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1133/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1133/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13061133", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13061133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13061133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-31", "description": "Interest in biochar (BC) has grown dramatically in recent years, due mainly to the fact that its incorporation into soil reportedly enhances carbon sequestration and fertility. Currently, BC types most under investigation are those obtained from organic matter (OM) of plant origin. As great amounts of manure solids are expected to become available in the near future, thanks to the development of technologies for the separation of the solid fraction of animal effluents, processing of manure solids for BC production seems an interesting possibility for the recycling of OM of high nutrient value. The aim of this study was to investigate carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient dynamics in soil amended with BC from dried swine manure solids. The experiment was carried out in laboratory microcosms on a silty clay soil. The effect on nutrient dynamics of interaction between BC and fresh digestate obtained from a biogas plant was also investigated to test the hypothesis that BC can retain nutrients. A comparison was made of the following treatments: soil amended with swine manure solids (LC), soil amended with charred swine manure solids (LT), soil amended with wood chip (CC), soil amended with charred wood chip (CT), soil with no amendment as control (Cs), each one of them with and without incorporation of digestate (D) for a total of 10 treatments. Biochar was obtained by treating OM (wood chip or swine manure) with moisture content of less than 10% at 420\u00b0C in anoxic conditions. The CO2-C release and organic C, available phosphorus (P) (Olsen P, POls) and inorganic (ammonium+nitrate) nitrogen (N) (Nmin) contents at the start and three months after the start of the experiment were measured in the amended and control soils. After three months of incubation at 30\u00b0C, the CO2-C emissions from soil with BC (CT and LT, \u00b1D) were the same as those in the control soil (Cs) and were lower than those in the soils with untreated amendments (CC and LC, \u00b1D). The organic C content decreased in CT and LT to a lesser extent than in CC and LC. In soils with D (+D), the CO2-C emissions were equal to or higher than those in soils without (-D). The Nmin content increased in all treatments; the POls content decreased in the +D treatments. The incorporation of BC into soil, by reducing CO2 emissions, actually contributes to C sequestration without modifying N availability for crops. For a given N content, the BC from swine manure solids supplies much more P than the non-treated OM and, therefore, represents an interesting source of P for crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "emissions", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Italian%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "name": "item", "description": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/p02-188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "description": "<p> In the Brown soil zone of western Canada summerfallowing (F) is traditionally used to reduce the water deficit associated with cereal production, but frequent use of this practice results in soil degradation and reduces the N-supplying capacity of soils. Some scientists suggest that an annual legume green manure crop (LGM) could be used as a partial-fallow replacement to protect the soil against erosion and increase its N fertility, particularly when combined with a snow-trapping technique to replenish soil water used by the legume. We assessed this possibility by comparing yields, N economy, water use efficiency, and economic returns for hard red spring wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in rotation with Indianhead black lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) green manure (i.e., LGM-W-W) vs. that obtained in a traditional F-W-W system. Further, we assessed whether a change in manage ment of the LGM crop (i.e., moving to earlier seeding and earlier turn-down) was advantageous to the overall performance of this practice. The study was conducted over 12 yr (1988\uffe2\uff80\uff9399) on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Wheat stubble was left tall to trap snow, tillage was kept to a minimum, and the wheat was fertilized based on NO3 soil tests. When we examined results after 6 yr, we concluded that by waiting until full bloom to turn down the legume (usually late July or early August) so as to maximize N2 fixation, soil water was being depleted to the detriment of yields of the following wheat crop. The change in management of the LGM crop since 1993 resulted in wheat yields following LGM equaling those after fallow (due to improved water use efficiency), a gradual and significant increase over time in grain protein and in N yield of aboveground plant biomass of wheat in the LGM-W-W compared to the F-W-W system, plus a gradual decrease in fertilizer N requirements of wheat in the LGM system accompanying an improvement in the N supplying power of the soil. These savings in N fertilizer, together with savings in tillage and herbicide costs for weed control on partial-fallow vs. conventional-fallow areas, and higher revenues from the enhanced grain protein, more than offset the added costs for seed and management of the LGM crop. Thus, our results imply that, if producers seed the LGM in April and turn it down in early July, an annual LGM-cereal rotation is a viable option in the semiarid Canadian prairies; however, one negative consequence of adopting this management strategy is the possibility of enhancing NO3 leaching. Key words: Nitrogen yields, grain protein, green fallow, summerfallow substitute, economic returns, NO3 leaching </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "F. Selles, Yantai Gan, Robert P. Zentner, V. O. Biederbeck, Paul G. Jefferson, Reynald Lemke, C. A. Campbell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/p02-188", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/p02-188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19498", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:57Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-10", "title": "Urban carbon dioxide flux monitoring using Eddy Covariance and Earth Observation: An introduction to diFUME project", "description": "<p>         &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Monitoring CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions originating from urban areas has become a necessity to support sustainable urban planning strategies and climate change mitigation efforts. Integrative decision support, where net effects of various emission/sink components are considered and compared, is now an increasingly relevant part of urban planning processes. The current emission inventories rely on indirect approaches that use fuel and electricity consumption statistics for determining CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions. The consistency of such approaches is questionable and they usually neglect the contribution of the biogenic components of the urban carbon cycle (i.e. vegetation, soil). Moreover, their spatial and temporal scales are restricted because consumption statistics are often available in coarse spatial scales (national, provincial/state, municipal) and usually scaled down using proxy data (e.g. population density) to city-scale annual estimates. The diFUME project (https://mcr.unibas.ch/difume/) is developing a methodology for mapping and monitoring the actual urban CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; flux at optimum spatial and temporal scales, meaningful for urban design decisions. The goal is to develop, apply and evaluate independent models, capable to estimate all the different components of the urban carbon cycle (i.e. building emissions, traffic emissions, human metabolism, photosynthetic uptake, plant respiration, soil respiration), combining mainly Eddy Covariance (EC) with Earth Observation (EO) data. EC provides continuous in-situ measurements of CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; flux at the local scale. Processing, analysis and interpretation of urban EC measurements is challenging due to the inherent spatial complexity of CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; source and sink configurations of the urban structure. The diFUME methodology is using multiple EO datasets to achieve multi-scale monitoring of urban cover, morphology and vegetation phenology in order to characterize the urban source/sink configurations and parameterize turbulent flux source area models. Such combination of EC and EO provides enhanced interpretation of the measured CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; flux, analysis of its controlling factors and therefore the potential of fine scale mapping and monitoring. The diFUME methodology is being developed and applied in the city of Basel, exploiting the available long-term database (&amp;gt; 15 years) of urban EC measurements. The first results highlight the potential of EO-derived geospatial data to interpret the complexity of urban EC measurements. Seasonal and land cover related trends in the EC-measured CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; flux are recognized, while the use of environmental, census and mobility datasets are increasing the interpretation capabilities and the modelling potential of the urban CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; flux patterns.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;         </p>", "keywords": ["diFUME", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "urban carbon dioxide flux", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19498"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19498", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19498", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19498"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:57Z", "type": "Other", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Hydrological processes and water flux quantification in agricultural fields under different tillage and irrigation systems using water stable isotopes", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sustainable agriculture should be based on management practices that improve resource usage efficiency and minimize harmful impacts on the environment while maintaining and stabilizing crop production. Both tillage and irrigation can have a great influence on hydrological processes within agroecosystems. However, it remains difficult to directly assess the effect of practices on water fluxes which has been mainly indirectly quantified by complex numerical modelling methods in the past. Therefore, the objective of the study was to use a space for time concept and measure oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (&amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;O, &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H) in the pore water of soil profiles as well as moisture contents for quantifying the soil water balance and fluxes. Covering all combinations, soil profiles and isotope analysis was performed for 16 sites planted with winter wheat and managed with different tillage (conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), minimal tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)) and irrigation systems (hose reel boom irrigation with nozzles (BI), sprinkler irrigation (SI), drip irrigation (DI) and no irrigation (NI)). The results indicated that the more intense the tillage, the lower the water content. Among the irrigation systems, DI had the highest average water content. Tracing the minimum in the isotopic composition of the pores water within the depth profiles showed a deeper percolation of water in the CT fields, which indicates higher water flow velocity. Considering both water content and differences in water flow velocities resulted in water fluxes ranging from 90 to 151 mm yr&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;. The losses due to evapotranspiration varied between 57 and 80%. The resulting evapotranspiration within tillage and irrigation variants decreased in the order RT&amp;gt;CT&amp;amp;#8776;MT&amp;gt;NT, and SI&amp;gt;BI&amp;gt;DI&amp;gt;NI. Thus, the method revealed that the lower water content in CT fields is a consequence of deeper water infiltration. Moreover, irrigation water contributed mostly to evapotranspiration, and drip irrigation showed the lowest evapotranspiration losses among irrigation systems. This study demonstrated that water stable isotopes can be used as indicators and are a promising method to quantify water fluxes in agricultural fields with great potential for evaluating management practices.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Potential of natural language processing for metadata extraction from environmental scientific publications", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Adapting agricultural management practices to changing climate is not straightforward. Effects of agricultural management practices (tillage, cover crops, amendment, &amp;amp;#8230;) on soil variables (hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, &amp;amp;#8230;) often vary according to pedo-climatic conditions. Hence, it is important to take these conditions into account in quantitative evidence synthesis. Extracting structured information from scientific publications to build large databases with experimental data from various conditions is an effective way to do this. This database can then serve to explain, and possibly also to predict, the effect of management practices in different pedo-climatic contexts.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;However, manually building such a database by going through all publications is tedious. And given the increasing amount of literature, this task is likely to require more and more effort in the future. Natural language processing facilitates this task.&amp;amp;#160; In this work, we built a database of near-saturated hydraulic conductivity from tension-disk infiltrometer measurements from scientific publications. We used tailored regular expressions and dictionaries to extract coordinates, soil texture, soil type, rainfall, disk diameter and tensions applied. The overal results have an F1-score ranging from 0.72 to 0.91.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In addition, we extracted relationships between a set of driver keywords (e.g. &amp;amp;#8216;biochar&amp;amp;#8217;, &amp;amp;#8216;zero tillage&amp;amp;#8217;, &amp;amp;#8230;) and variables (e.g. &amp;amp;#8216;soil aggregate&amp;amp;#8217;, &amp;amp;#8216;hydraulic conductivity&amp;amp;#8217;, &amp;amp;#8230;) from publication abstracts based on the shortest dependency path between them. The relationships were further classified according to positive, negative or absent correlations between the driver and variable. This technique quickly provides an overview of the different driver-variable relationships and their abundance for an entire body of literature. For instance, we were able to recover the positive correlation between biochar and yield, as well as its negative correlation with bulk density.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Soil Science", "GE1-350", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "420", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/30670/1/blanchy-g-et-al-20230413.pdf"}, {"href": "https://soil.copernicus.org/articles/9/155/2023/soil-9-155-2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/SOIL", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6231"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19365", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:21:59Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2024-03-11", "title": "PFAS variable transport behavior: insights from soil sorption experiments", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are extensively utilized chemicals owing to their desired physicochemical properties. Despite increasing efforts to limit their applications, they persist in the environment and pose a threat to drinking water production due to their persistence, mobility, and toxicity. Understanding their behavior in subsurface media is crucial for minimizing the risk of exposure in areas where groundwater is a significant source. Sorption is considered a pivotal mechanism in PFAS remediation. This study aims to explore the transport behavior of different PFAS groups in soil sorption experiments and establish a connection to field scenarios.Miscible displacement experiments were conducted on a mixture of PFAS. A 50 cm long glass column filled with sand was injected with a 2.5 &amp;#181;g/l PFAS solution. Subsequently, the column was flushed with a PFAS-free solution to examine the desorption process. A conservative tracer test was performed to determine hydrogeological properties. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Breakthrough curves were then simulated using Hydrus 1D to obtain transport parameters.The results revealed that different PFAS groups exhibit varying orders of magnitude of sorption. Some were conservative, while others were entirely retained. In addition to functional groups and chain length, hydrophobicity played a crucial role in PFAS behavior. The desorption process was inversely proportional to sorption; less desorption occurred with an increased sorption level.To simulate these behaviors, different sorption modules in Hydrus were tested. Substances with higher sorption levels required more complex sorption terms and could not be accurately simulated by assuming equilibrium sorption.</p></article>", "keywords": ["6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19365"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19365", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19365", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19365"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:23:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic matter content (om) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin", "description": "UPDATE: WE FOUND A RENDERING ERROR IN MANY AREAS OF THE 5 CM MAP. WE HAVE RECREATED THE MAP AND INCLUDED IN A NEW VERSION OF THE REPOSITORY. Repository includes maps of organic matter content (% wt) as defined by United States soil survey program. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds. Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal. File Name Details: ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (_CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are &gt;3000). Predictions are also evaluated with the U.S. soil survey laboratory database soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The SOC measurements were coverted to OM matter values using the common 1.724 conversion factor. The converted OM values are compared to predicted OM values using an accuracy plot (OM_SOC_plots.tif). Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence: property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension Example: om_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif Indicates soil organic matter content (om) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling. The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below). _95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI. References Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "digital soil mapping", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "predictive soil mapping", "soil property mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nauman, Travis", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:23:44Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Algorithm to harmonize soil particle size data to the FAO/USDA system", "description": "Different countries often measure and express soil particle-size distribution using different delineations between the main textural components, clay, silt and sand content. In order to harmonize such diverse data so that a uniform textural classification system can be used, interpolation of the data is necessary. Here we provide an example algorithm written in MATLAB that helps harmonize such data country-by-country to the FAO-USDA particle-size classification system that defines clay content as the mass of solids (individual particles) that are &lt;0.002 mm, silt as the mass of solids in the 0.002 \u2013 0.05 mm size range, and sand content as the mass of solids in the 0.05 \u2013 2 mm size range (USDA 1951; FAO 1990). This system considers particles sized above 2 mm as gravel or stones. The algorithm uses k-nearest neighbor type pattern recognition in a non-spatial context algorithm to achieve this goal (Nemes et al. 1999; Nemes et al. 2006). Note: The algorithm uses a pre-existing external reference data set to compare the current data with. That data set cannot be provided with the algorithm due to prior agreements about the use and availability of those data, but its description is provided on pages 125-127 in the report by Weynants et al. (2013), and the authors herein offer their collaboration with a future user in order to take advantage of this algorithm. <strong>References</strong> FAO, Food, and Agricultural Organization. 1990. <em>Guidelines for Soil Profile Description.</em> 3rd ed. Rome: FAO. Nemes, A., J. H. M. W\u00f6sten, A. Lilly, and JH Oude Voshaar. 1999. \u201cEvaluation of different procedures to interpolate particle-size distributions to achieve compatibility within soil databases.\u201d <em>Geoderma</em> 90: 187\u2013202. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706199000142. Nemes, A., W. J. Rawls, and Y. A. Pachepsky. 2006. \u201cUse of the Nonparametric Nearest Neighbor Approach to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Properties.\u201d <em>Soil Science Society of America Journal</em> 70 (2): 327\u201336. https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2005.0128. USDA, United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. <em>Soil survey manual, U.S. Dept. Agriculture Handbook No. 18.</em> Washington, DC. Weynants, M\u00e9lanie, Luca Montanarella, Gergely T\u00f3th, Arnold Arnoldussen, Mar\u00eda Anaya Romero, George Bilas, Trond Borresen, et al. 2013. \u201cEuropean HYdropedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI).\u201d Luxembourg: European Commission EUR 26053 \u2013 Joint Research Centre \u2013 Institute for Environment; Sustainability; EUR \u2013 Scientific; Technical Research series \u2013 ISSN 1831-9424. https://doi.org/10.2788/5936.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nemes, Attila", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353721"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7353721"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:23:44Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Algorithm to harmonize soil particle size data to the FAO/USDA system", "description": "Different countries often measure and express soil particle-size distribution using different delineations between the main textural components, clay, silt and sand content. In order to harmonize such diverse data so that a uniform textural classification system can be used, interpolation of the data is necessary. Here we provide an example algorithm written in MATLAB that helps harmonize such data country-by-country to the FAO-USDA particle-size classification system that defines clay content as the mass of solids (individual particles) that are &lt;0.002 mm, silt as the mass of solids in the 0.002 \u2013 0.05 mm size range, and sand content as the mass of solids in the 0.05 \u2013 2 mm size range (USDA 1951; FAO 1990). This system considers particles sized above 2 mm as gravel or stones. The algorithm uses k-nearest neighbor type pattern recognition in a non-spatial context algorithm to achieve this goal (Nemes et al. 1999; Nemes et al. 2006). Note: The algorithm uses a pre-existing external reference data set to compare the current data with. That data set cannot be provided with the algorithm due to prior agreements about the use and availability of those data, but its description is provided on pages 125-127 in the report by Weynants et al. (2013), and the authors herein offer their collaboration with a future user in order to take advantage of this algorithm. <strong>References</strong> FAO, Food, and Agricultural Organization. 1990. <em>Guidelines for Soil Profile Description.</em> 3rd ed. Rome: FAO. Nemes, A., J. H. M. W\u00f6sten, A. Lilly, and JH Oude Voshaar. 1999. \u201cEvaluation of different procedures to interpolate particle-size distributions to achieve compatibility within soil databases.\u201d <em>Geoderma</em> 90: 187\u2013202. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706199000142. Nemes, A., W. J. Rawls, and Y. A. Pachepsky. 2006. \u201cUse of the Nonparametric Nearest Neighbor Approach to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Properties.\u201d <em>Soil Science Society of America Journal</em> 70 (2): 327\u201336. https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2005.0128. USDA, United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. <em>Soil survey manual, U.S. Dept. Agriculture Handbook No. 18.</em> Washington, DC. Weynants, M\u00e9lanie, Luca Montanarella, Gergely T\u00f3th, Arnold Arnoldussen, Mar\u00eda Anaya Romero, George Bilas, Trond Borresen, et al. 2013. \u201cEuropean HYdropedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI).\u201d Luxembourg: European Commission EUR 26053 \u2013 Joint Research Centre \u2013 Institute for Environment; Sustainability; EUR \u2013 Scientific; Technical Research series \u2013 ISSN 1831-9424. https://doi.org/10.2788/5936.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nemes, Attila", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353722"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7353722"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:23:51Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5846/stxb201107151055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:24:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-25", "title": "Effect Of Fertilization On Ammonia Volatilization From Paddy Fields In Chao Lake Basin", "description": "Ammonia(NH3) is formed constantly in soils because of the biological degradation of organic compounds and NH+4 yielding mineral and organic fertilizers.NH3 volatilization is one of the major losses of applied nitrogen fertilizers,which is affected by the local climate conditions(e.g.,temperature,sun illumination,and wind speed),soil moisture content,urease activity,fertilization time,and ammonium concentration in surface water of the paddy fields.In this study,A situ experiment combined with venting method was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization patterns on NH3 volatilization in Chao Lake Basin during the rice season in 2010.In the experiment,there were six treatments with the control,the conventional fertilization,the optimization fertilization(according to local test of fertilization recipe),the reduction by 30% of nitrogen fertilizer,the reduction by 50% of phosphorus fertilizer and the straw return.The results showed that the NH3 volatilization loss from paddy fields was affected by fertilization and ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N)concentration in surface water of the paddy fields.The NH3 volatilization among different treatments lasted for one week and the volatilization peak occurred within one to three days after fertilization,then declined quickly.When the rate of phosphorus fertilizer remained the same(e.g.,he treatments of the optimization fertilization and the reduction by 30% of nitrogen fertilizer),The concentration of NH3 volatilization loss enhanced as the nitrogen application rate increased with the same rate of phosphorus fertilizer.The amount of NH3 volatilization ranged from 7.22 to 14.20 kg/hm2,Which accounted for 4.59% to 6.64% of the total applied N for the whole period of rice growth.Compared with the conventional fertilization,the NH3 volatilization loss was reduced by 1% to 2% respectively with the treatments of the reduction by 30% of nitrogen fertilizer\u3001by 50% of phosphorus fertilizer and the optimization fertilization,while the NH3 volatilization loss was reduced by 6.98 kg/hm2 with the treatment of the straw return,which total ammonia volatilize quantity was 54% of the conventional fertilization.The highest NH3 volatilization loss occurred at basal dressing,which amount for 60% of the total NH3 loss,while the lowest loss did at panicle stage.The concentration of NH+4-N in surface water reached the highest within one to two days after fertilization.The positive correlation was observed between NH3 loss and NH+4-N concentration in the surface water of the basal dressing and the first top-dressing.From the point of the water improvement of Chao Lake basin,the period within a week after the fertilizer application was a critical time to control N loss and leaching from flooded paddy fields.NH3 loss would be decreased when N and P ferlization was rational.It is necessary to apply rational and balanced fertilization for N and P.Combined with economic benefit and environmental risk,the straw return is recommended for rice production in Chao Lake basin.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u6731\u5c0f\u7ea2 Zhu Xiaohong, \u8096\u5723\u8f89 Xiao Shenghui, \u5f90\u5b8f\u519b Xu Hongjun, \u9a6c\u53cb\u534e Ma Youhua, \u9a6c\u4e2d\u6587 Ma Zhongwen, \u6c6a\u4e3d\u5a77 Wang Liting, \u5f20\u4e3d\u5a1f Zhang Lijuan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201107151055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Ecologica%20Sinica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5846/stxb201107151055", "name": "item", "description": "10.5846/stxb201107151055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5846/stxb201107151055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:24:24Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2022-04-02", "title": "Additional file 1 of Rhizosheath\u2013root system changes exopolysaccharide content but stabilizes bacterial community across contrasting seasons in a desert environment", "description": "Additional file 1. Result S1. Analysis of rhizosheath sand composition. Result S2. Analysis of cultivable bacteria. Table S1. Climatic conditions throughout the year in Ksar Ghilane, Sahara Desert (Tunisia); data elaborated from https://www.worldweatheronline.com ; data as reported as monthly average measurement from January 2019 to now. Table S2. List of FISH probes used and conditions applied; probe sequence (5\u2019-3\u2019), attached fluorochrome (fluor.), bacterial target group, percentage of formaldehyde (FA) used during treatment, and references are also reported. Table S3. Number of KTUs and sequences used for each sample. RH: rhizosphere, RS: rhizosheath, RT: root tissue, BS: bulk sand. Table S4. Humidity (RH%) and temperature (T\u00b0C) measured in summer (June, 2016) and winter (November, 2016) for bulk sand and belowground speargrasses (i.e., plant rhizosheath\u2013root system, RS). Table S5. Physico-chemical analyses conducted on bulk sand (BS) and rhizosheath matrix (RS) collected in summer (S) and winter (W). Table S6. PERMANOVA pair-wise comparison test of physico-chemical conditions (Table S5) in rhizosheath (RS) and bulk sand (BS) collected during summer (S) and winter (W) seasons. Table S7. Multivariate test (pairwise comparison) of beta-diversity associated with root tissue, rhizosheath, rhizosphere, and bulk sand. Table S8. Mean and standard error of multivariate dispersions from centroid calculated for each compartment (within-betadiversity). Table S9. Relative importance of different ecological processes in the assembly of bacterial community associated with the rhizosheath-root system compartments and bulk sand in two contrasting seasons. Table S10. Generalized linear model univariate test indicates the KTUs contributing to the difference in bulk soil among summer and winter. Table S11. Tukey\u2019s honest significance difference (TukeyHSD) pairwise comparison tests for the degree, betweenness and keystone species detected across the four co-occurrence networks, namely bulk sand winter, bulk sand winter summer, rhizosheath\u2013root system winter and rhizosheath\u2013root system summer. Table S12. List of bacterial isolates, PGP activity, and abiotic resistance tested in vitro. Figure S1. Stipagrostis pungens rhizosheath-root system. Figure S2. Rarefaction curves of bacterial reads obtained by pair-ends MiSeq Illumina sequencing in bulk sand, rhizosheath, rhizosphere, and root tissues. Figure S3. Visualization of Stipagrostis pungens rhizosheath with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Figure S4. SEM images and electron micrographs of the sand grains and root tissue within the rhizosheath of Stipagrostis pungens using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to reveal chemical composition. Figure S5. Localization of bacteria in rhizosheath-root system by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Figure S6. Bacterial KTUs distribution across samples. Figure S7. Venn diagram shows the distribution of bacterial KTUs across compartment categories. Figure S8. Alpha diversity expressed as richness (number of KTUs) and Shannon diversity across the compartment categories. Figure S9. Quantification of betadiversity components in bulk sand bacterial communities across seasons (summer and winter). Figure S10. Alpha diversity expressed as richness (number of KTUs) and Shannon diversity across the compartments in summer and winter. Figure S11. Venn diagrams showing the number of KTUs present in summer and/or in winter in each compartment category. Figure S12. Analysis of 2-fold change was performed to evaluate the KTUs that had a significantly (p &lt; 0.01) different relative abundance (2-fold change) over summer and winter. Figure S13. Taxonomy of co-occurrence network degrees in bulk sand and rhizosheath matrix across seasons. Figure S14. Microcosms to evaluate sand wettability in vitro. Evaluation of sand weight at 48 h and along the entire incubation (0, 24 and 48 h).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marasco, Ramona, Fusi, Marco, Mosqueira, Maria, Booth, Jenny Marie, Rossi, Federico, Cardinale, Massimiliano, Michoud, Gr\u00e9goire, Rolli, Eleonora, Mugnai, Gianmarco, Vergani, Lorenzo, Borin, Sara, De Philippis, Roberto, Cherif, Ameur, Daffonchio, Daniele,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "name": "item", "description": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.microc.2011.03.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-15", "title": "Heavy Metal Concentrations In Soil And Wild Plants Growing Around Pb-Zn Sulfide Terrain In The Kohistan Region, Northern Pakistan", "description": "abstract Article history:Received 19 March 2011Accepted 26 March 2011Available online 2 April 2011Keywords:Heavy metalsSoilWild plantsPb\u2013Zn terrainHyper accumulatorPollution load index This study investigates the soil and wild plants of the Pb\u2013Zn sul\ufb01de bearing mineralized zone of Indian plate(IP)inthePazangandLahorsites,Kohistanregion,northernPakistan.Soilandplantswereanalyzed formajorcations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn) and heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co) concentrations by using atomicabsorption spectrometer. Metal concentrationswere used to quantify pollution contamination factors such aspollution load index (PLI) and plant bioaccumulation in soil and plants developed in mineralized zones in theLahor and Pazang sites and an unmineralized zone (reference sites) of the Besham area. Soil and plants of themineralized zoneandsurrounding areashavehigherheavymetal(HM)contamination(Pb0.01)ascomparedto the reference site, which can be attributed to the dispersion of metals due to mining. Furthermore, inmineralized zones, the Lahor site was more contaminated than the Pazang site. This high HM contaminationmayposepotentialthreatstolocalcommunitiesofKohistanregion.Theresultsalsoshowedthatplantspecies(Plectranthus rugosus, Rumex hastatus ,Fimbristylis dichotoma Heteropogon conturtus and Myrsine Africana)were the best HM accumulators.\u00a9 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2011.03.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microchemical%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.microc.2011.03.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.microc.2011.03.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.microc.2011.03.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:19:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-26", "title": "Soil Respiration Is Stimulated By Elevated Co2 And Reduced By Summer Drought: Three Years Of Measurements In A Multifactor Ecosystem Manipulation Experiment In A Temperate Heathland (Climaite)", "description": "Abstract<p>This study investigated the impact of predicted future climatic and atmospheric conditions on soil respiration (RS) in a Danish Calluna\uffe2\uff80\uff90Deschampsia\uffe2\uff80\uff90heathland. A fully factorial in situ experiment with treatments of elevated atmospheric CO2 (+130\uffc2\uffa0ppm), raised soil temperature (+0.4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) and extended summer drought (5\uffe2\uff80\uff938% precipitation exclusion) was established in 2005. The average RS, observed in the control over 3\uffc2\uffa0years of measurements (1.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol CO2\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0sec\uffe2\uff88\uff921), increased 38% under elevated CO2, irrespective of combination with the drought or temperature treatments. In contrast, extended summer drought decreased RS by 14%, while elevated soil temperature did not affect RS overall. A significant interaction between elevated temperature and drought resulted in further reduction of RS when these treatments were combined. A detailed analysis of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term RS dynamics associated with drought periods showed that RS was reduced by ~50% and was strongly correlated with soil moisture during these events. Recovery of RS to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought levels occurred within 2\uffc2\uffa0weeks of rewetting; however, unexpected drought effects were observed several months after summer drought treatment in 2 of the 3\uffc2\uffa0years, possibly due to reduced plant growth or changes in soil water holding capacity. An empirical model that predicts RS from soil temperature, soil moisture and plant biomass was developed and accounted for 55% of the observed variability in RS. The model predicted annual sums of RS in 2006 and 2007, in the control, were 672 and 719\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. For the full treatment combination, i.e. the future climate scenario, the model predicted that soil respiratory C losses would increase by ~21% (140\uffe2\uff80\uff93150\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Therefore, in the future climate, stimulation of C storage in plant biomass and litter must be in excess of 21% for this ecosystem to not suffer a reduction in net ecosystem exchange.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-31", "title": "Soil Responses To Different Management Practices In Rainfed Orchards In Semiarid Environments", "description": "Clean cultivation is a common practice in rainfed orchards; however, it may have detrimental effects on soil properties. This study examines the effect of different soil management systems on physical, chemical, and biochemical properties in a hypercalcic Calcisol in rainfed almond orchards (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) in SE Spain. Four types of soil management (main-plot treatments) were compared to a frequently tilled orchard system (FT: three or four tillages per year). The four types of soil management were: fencing (SF) of a flock of 130 sheep in 0.4 ha and grass cover was kept throughout the growing season; native vegetation (NV) that was allowed to grow; cover crop (CC) composed of legumes and crucifers; and reduced tillage (RT) comprising autumn and spring chisel ploughing. Each type of soil management was split into two grazing treatments (subplot treatments): with and without grazing. Our results supported the hypothesis that clean cultivation, i.e., FT, has deleterious effects on soil properties compared with managed groundcover. Compared with FT treatment, at the end of the experiment, the rest of treatments had higher wet aggregate stability (except the SF treatment), soil organic carbon (10.6 g kg\u22121 vs. 5.4 g kg\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), total nitrogen (1.35 g kg\u22121 vs. 0.83 g kg\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), available potassium (332 mg kg\u22121 vs. 187 mg kg\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), and dehydrogenase (2.6 \u03bcg INTF g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 1.9 \u03bcg INTF g\u22121 h\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), arylsulphatase (12.8 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 6.5 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), \u03b2-glucosidase (569 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 300 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), and phosphatase activity (394 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 220 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT). Grazed plots had higher water content in soil (10 g H2O kg soil\u22121 vs. 9.4 g H2O kg soil\u22121, grazed vs. not grazed plots) and greater levels of arylsulphatase (12 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 11 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, grazed vs. not grazed plots), \u03b2-glucosidase (582 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 491 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, grazed vs. not grazed plots), and phosphatase activity (396 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 345 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, grazed vs. not grazed plots), in late spring, and this is attributed to the reduction of evapotranspiration and to the stimulation of root activity by means of plant defoliation. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, managements including grass cover improved physical, chemical and biological properties of soil compared with frequent tillage, particularly when grass was early removed by grazing. This work has been financed by Desarollo Agrario y Pesquero (Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda) through the project 92.162, and a FPU-MECD grant to M.E. Ramos. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-19", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Dynamics After Deforestation Along A Farm Field Chronosequence In Southern Highlands Of Ethiopia", "description": "Abstract   Depletion of soil organic matter (SOM) is a major component of soil degradation that threatens the sustainability of smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia. In this study, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) dynamics following deforestation and subsequent cultivation were evaluated using natural abundance of 13C and 15N along a farm field chronosequence cleared from tropical dry Afromontane forest in south central Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from five closely located farm fields cultivated for 7, 10, 26, 34 and 53 years after clearance and from an adjacent natural forest soil. All the soils in the study were Mollic Andosols/Humic Haplustands. The \u03b413C values of the SOC of the farm fields in the 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm layers were significantly elevated compared to the natural forest soil. In the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer, the lowest \u03b413C value of \u221223.17\u2030\u00b10.36 was recorded from the natural forest soil and the highest value of \u221215.7\u2030\u00b11.50 from the 53-year-old farm field. Fractionation of the SOC of the bulk soil based on the \u03b413C values showed that in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer the SOC of the forest origin declined by 74.6%, which is equivalent to 54.1 Mg C ha\u22121 or 740\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, where as SOC input from the agricultural crops was low (240\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121). However, part of the SOC of the forest origin lost from the surface 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer was translocated to the 10\u201320\u00a0cm layer. The SOC derived natural forest approached steady state around 30 years after cultivation while the SOC derived from agricultural crops reached steady state already after 10 years. The results show that the remaining forest derived SOC is recalcitrant while the SOC derived from agricultural crops has a relatively short mean residence time. The soils of the farm fields also showed increasing \u03b415N values indicating a loss of N from the system. The increasing \u03b415N values were consistent with the loss of total N along the chronosequence. A continued loss of N combined with insufficient input of fertilizer will result in a decreased productivity of the studied farming systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mats Olsson, Mulugeta Lemenih, Erik Karltun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-19", "title": "Climate-Smart Agroforestry: Faidherbia Albida Trees Buffer Wheat Against Climatic Extremes In The Central Rift Valley Of Ethiopia", "description": "Abstract   Faidherbia albida parklands cover a large area of the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Africa, a region that suffers from soil fertility decline, food insecurity and climate change. The parklands deliver multiple benefits, including fuelwood, soil nutrient replenishment, moisture conservation, and improved crop yield underneath the canopy. Its microclimate modification may provide an affordable climate adaptation strategy which needs to be explored. We carried out an on-farm experiment for three consecutive seasons in the Ethiopian Central Rift Valley with treatments of Faidherbia trees with bare soil underneath, wheat grown beneath Faidherbia and wheat grown in open fields. We tested the sensitivity of wheat yield to tree-mediated variables of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature and soil nitrogen, using APSIM-wheat model. Results showed that soil moisture in the sub-soil was the least for wheat with tree, intermediate for sole tree and the highest for open field. Presence of trees resulted in 35\u201355% larger available N close to tree crowns compared with sole wheat. Trees significantly reduced PAR reaching the canopy of wheat growing underneath to optimum levels. Midday air temperature was about 6\u00a0\u00b0C less under the trees than in the open fields. LAI, number of grains spike\u22121, plant height, total aboveground biomass and wheat grain yield were all significantly higher (P", "keywords": ["Crop physiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Competition", "13. Climate action", "Local adaptation", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Facilitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Heat stress", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-01", "title": "Biochar Impact On Development And Productivity Of Pepper And Tomato Grown In Fertigated Soilless Media", "description": "The impact of additions (1\u20135% by weight) of a nutrient-poor, wood-derived biochar on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) plant development and productivity in a coconut fiber:tuff growing mix under optimal fertigation conditions was examined. Pepper plant development in the biochar-treated pots was significantly enhanced as compared with the unamended controls. This was reflected by a system-wide increase in most measured plant parameters: leaf area, canopy dry weight, number of nodes, and yields of buds, flowers and fruit. In addition to the observed increases in plant growth and productivity, the rhizosphere of biochar-amended pepper plants had significantly greater abundances of culturable microbes belonging to prominent soil-associated groups. Phylogenetic characterization of unique bacterial isolates based on 16S rRNA gene analysis demonstrated that of the 20 unique identified isolates from roots and bulk soil from the char-amended growing mix, 16 were affiliated with previously described plant growth promoting and/or biocontrol agents. In tomato, biochar treatments positively enhanced plant height and leaf size, but had no effect on flower and fruit yield. The positive impacts of biochar on plant response were not due to direct or indirect effects on plant nutrition, as there were no differences between control and treatments in leaf nutrient content. Nor did biochar affect the field capacity of the soilless mixture. A number of organic compounds belonging to various chemical classes, including n-alkanoic acids, hydroxy and acetoxy acids, benzoic acids, diols, triols, and phenols were identified in organic solvent extracts of the biochar. We conjecture two related alternatives to explain the improved plant performance under biochar treatment: (i) the biochar stimulated shifts in microbial populations towards beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria or fungi, due to either chemical or physical attributes of the biochar; or (ii) low doses of biochar chemicals, many of which are phytotoxic or biocidal at high concentrations, stimulated plant growth at low doses (hormesis).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-04", "title": "Contribution Of Green Manure Legumes To Nitrogen Dynamics In Traditional Winter Wheat Cropping System In The Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract   Excessive application of N fertilizer in pursuit of higher yields is common due to poor soil fertility and low crop productivity. However, this practice causes serious soil depletion and N loss in the traditional wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China. Growing summer legumes as the green manure (GM) crop is a viable solution because of its unique ability to fix atmospheric N 2 . Actually, little is known about the contribution of GM N to grain and N utilization in the subsequent crop. Therefore, we conducted a four-year field experiment with four winter wheat-based rotations (summer fallow-wheat,  Huai  bean\u2013wheat, soybean\u2013wheat, and mung bean\u2013wheat) and four nitrogen fertilizer rates applied to wheat (0, 108, 135, and 162\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha) to investigate the fate of GM nitrogen via decomposition, utilization by wheat, and contribution to grain production and nitrogen economy through GM legumes. Here we showed that GM legumes accumulated 53\u201376\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha per year. After decomposing for approximately one year, more than 32\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha was released from GM legumes. The amount of nitrogen released via GM decomposition that was subsequently utilized by wheat was 7\u201327\u00a0kg N/ha. Incorporation of GM legumes effectively replaced 13\u201348% (average 31%) of the applied mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Additionally, the GM approach during the fallow period reduced the risk of nitrate-N leaching to depths of 0\u2013100\u00a0cm and 100\u2013200\u00a0cm by 4.8 and 19.6\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha, respectively. The soil nitrogen pool was effectively improved by incorporation of GM legumes at the times of wheat sowing. Cultivation of leguminous GM during summer is a better option than bare fallow to maintain the soil nitrogen pool, and decrease the rates required for N fertilization not only in the Loess Plateau of China but also in other similar dryland regions worldwide.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang Dabin, Yao Pengwei, Cao Weidong, Zhao Na, Yu Changwei, Gao Yajun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3084031713", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:26:15Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-10", "title": "Integrating mineral interactions with organic carbon in thawing permafrost to assess climate feedbacks", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>         &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Permafrost contains 1400-1660 Gt of organic carbon (OC), from which 5-15% will likely be emitted as greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2100. The soil organic carbon stock is distributed between a pool of particulate organic matter (POM), and a pool of mineral-associated OM (MOM). POM can be free, i.e., more readily available for microbial decomposition, or occluded within soil aggregates (involving clay minerals or Fe-Al (hydr)oxides), i.e., spatially inaccessible for microorganisms. MOM includes OC sorbed onto mineral surfaces (such as clay minerals or Fe-oxides) and OC complexed with metal cations (e.g., Al, Fe, Ca), i.e., stabilized OC. The interactions between OC and minerals influence the accessibility of OC for microbial decomposition and OC stability and are therefore a factor in controlling the C emissions rate upon thawing permafrost.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In the warming Arctic, there is growing evidence for soil disturbance such as coastal erosion, thermokarst and soil drainage as a consequence of abrupt and gradual permafrost thaw. These disturbances induce changes in the physico-chemical conditions controlling mineral solubility in permafrost soils which directly affect the stability of the MOM and of the occluded POM. As a consequence, a portion of OC can be unlocked and transferred into the free POM. This additional pool of freely available OC may be degraded and amplify C emissions from permafrost to the atmosphere. Conversely, the concomitant release of metal cations upon permafrost thaw may partly mitigate permafrost C emissions by stabilization of OC via complexation or sorption onto mineral surfaces and return a portion of freely available OC to the MOM. The majority of C is emitted as CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; but 1.5 and 3.5% of the total permafrost C emissions will be released as CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, with implications for the atmospheric radiative forcing balance. Importantly, the proportion CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emitted relative to CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; is likely to increase with increasing abrupt thaw and associated anoxic conditions, but a portion of CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions could be mitigated by the anoxic oxidation of methane mediated by the presence of Fe-oxides exposed by abrupt thaw of deep permafrost.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This contribution aims at assessing how changing soil physico-chemical conditions affect interactions between mineral surfaces and OC in thawing permafrost. Scenarios of mineral-organic interactions during gradual thaw, including changes in water drainage and talik formation, and abrupt thaw including shifting redox conditions associated with thermokarst will be presented. Approaches to quantify changes in mineral-organic interactions will be discussed. By integrating the most recent studies from the permafrost carbon community with soil mineralogy, soil chemistry and soil hydrology, this contribution demonstrates that the fate of mineral-organic interactions upon thawing must be considered given their potential implications for GHG emissions. If we do not include the role of mineral-organic interactions in this puzzle, the complexities involved in soil carbon decomposition may propagate large uncertainties into coupled soil carbon-climate feedback predictions.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;         </p></article>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3084031713"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3084031713", "name": "item", "description": "3084031713", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3084031713"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3086790316", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:26:15Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Vertical interval dynamics of greenhouse gases in groundwater (Hesbaye chalk aquifer, Belgium)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>         &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere threatens the existence of many ecosystems and their inhabitants. Agricultural activities contribute up to 70 % of total anthropogenic emission of nitrous oxide (N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O), one of the GHGs, which is characterized with the highest global warming potential and contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. Our study presents the results obtained from the recent field and lab activities carried out in order to obtain better insight into the factors that define the presence of N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O in groundwater. Previous large scale investigations, performed in the Hesbaye chalk aquifer in Eastern Belgium, suggested that the concentration of N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O in the aquifer depends on different, possibly overlapping biochemical processes such as nitrification, denitrification and/or nitrifier-denitrification. This study explored the occurrence of biochemical stratification in the same aquifer and its impact on N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O production and consumption mechanisms. For this purpose low flow sampling technique was applied at different depth intervals to obtain better insight into the extent of oxic and anoxic zones and variability of concentrations of GHGs along the vertical profile. Collected groundwater samples were analyzed for the range of hydrochemical parameters as well as NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O, H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O and B isotopes signatures and N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O isotopomers. Afterwards, rates of nitrification and denitrification processes were estimated based on short-term incubations of collected groundwater amended with NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; compounds labeled with heavy &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;15&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;N isotope. In addition, in order to characterize the dynamics of ongoing biogeochemical processes, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for detection of the activity-specific enzymes in the aquifer were performed. Such studies help to clarify which conditions are more prone to the accumulation of high concentrations of GHGs in aquifers and better constrain models which estimate local and regional GHGs budgets.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Acknowledgments&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This project has received funding from the European Union&amp;amp;#8217;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation&amp;amp;#160; programme under the Marie Sk&amp;amp;#322;odowska-Curie grant agreement No 675120.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;         </p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3086790316"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3086790316", "name": "item", "description": "3086790316", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3086790316"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "33280884", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:26:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-24", "title": "Precipitation-optimised targeting of nitrogen fertilisers in a model maize cropping system", "description": "Typically, half of the nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied to agricultural fields is lost to the wider environment. This inefficiency is driven by soil processes such as denitrification, volatilisation, surface run-off and leaching. Rainfall plays an important role in regulating these processes, ultimately governing when and where N fertiliser moves in soil and its susceptibility to gaseous loss. The interaction between rainfall, plant N uptake and N losses, however, remains poorly understood. In this study we use numerical modelling to predict the optimal N fertilisation strategy with respect to rainfall patterns and offer mechanistic explanations to the resultant differences in optimal times of fertiliser application. We developed a modelling framework that describes water and N transport in soil over a growing season and assesses nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of split fertilisations within the context of different rainfall patterns. We used ninety rainfall patterns to determine their impact on optimal N fertilisation times. We considered the effects of root growth, root N uptake, microbial transformation of N and the effect of soil water saturation and flow on N movement in the soil profile. On average, we show that weather-optimised fertilisation strategies could improve crop N uptake by 20% compared to the mean uptake. In drier years, weather-optimising N applications improved the efficiency of crop N recovery by 35%. Further analysis shows that maximum plant N uptake is greatest under drier conditions due to reduced leaching, but it is harder to find the maximum due to low N mobility. The model could capture contrasting trends in NUE seen in previous arable cropping field trials. Furthermore, the model predicted that the variability in NUE seen in the field could be associated with precipitation-driven differences in N leaching and mobility. In conclusion, our results show that NUE in cropping systems could be significantly enhanced by synchronising fertiliser timings with both crop N demand and local weather patterns.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/33280884"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "33280884", "name": "item", "description": "33280884", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/33280884"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-18", "title": "The Practical Use Of Water Management Based On Soil Redox Potential For Decreasing Methane Emission From A Paddy Field In Japan", "description": "Abstract   Water management is one of the most effective options in decreasing methane (CH4) emission from a paddy field. We have proposed the water management based on soil redox potential (Eh) named \u2018Eh control\u2019, and demonstrated the effectiveness of Eh control in decreasing CH4 emission in pot experiments. The objective of the present study was to consider the practicability of Eh control under field conditions.  Two-year experiments were carried out in a paddy field at the Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan in 2003 and 2004. Experimental factors were water management and rice (Oryza sativa L., cultivar: Koshihikari) straw treatment. Two methods of water management during rice growing period were continuous flooding and Eh control. For Eh control, drainage was carried out whenever the soil Eh decreased to \u2212150\u00a0mV, and flooding was carried out whenever the soil Eh increased to 0\u00a0mV in 2003 and 100\u00a0mV in 2004. Two methods of rice straw treatment were application and removal in the preceding winters of all straw harvested. The CH4 flux was measured by a closed chamber method and the total emission during the growing period was estimated. Rice grain and straw yields were examined by a quadrat sampling method. The yield component was analyzed only in 2004.  The total CH4 emission was decreased by Eh control to 36% of continuous flooding on the 2-year average. Although straw application hastened the decrease in soil Eh when compared with straw removal, it did not affect the total CH4 emission. Rice grain and straw yields were not affected by the experimental factors. However, yield component analysis showed that Eh control increased the number of panicles per hill and resulted in increased brown rice yield. Straw application also increased the number of panicles per hill, but did not affect brown rice yield.  Consequently, the present study demonstrates the practicability of Eh control under the field conditions on an experimental level. Two important suggestions were obtained from the above results. One is that Eh control decreases CH4 emission to a minimum level according to the range of soil Eh determined. Another is that it may be possible to change the range of soil Eh to a more positive value that will decrease CH4 emission more and increase rice grain yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Impact Of Irrigation Management On Paddy Soil N Supply And Depth Distribution Of Abiotic Drivers", "description": "In rice production, water-saving irrigation management is expanding and likely alters depth profiles of soil moisture, redox potential (Eh) and microbial activity. It is, however, unclear how such conditions then impact net soil N-release and availability to the rice crop, because we do not know well enough how water-saving irrigation management shapes depth-distribution of Eh and reductive processes, and microbial activity. A field experiment with rice was laid out on a typical young floodplain paddy soil of Bangladesh with three irrigation schemes, viz. continuous flooding (CF), safe alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and direct seeded rice (DSR), with 120\u202fkg\u202fN\u202fha\u22121 (N120) or without (N0) urea application. We evaluated changes in soil mineral N and plant N uptake, CH4 and CO2 emissions and soil pH, and at multiple depths soil Eh and temperature, dissolved C, Fe and Mn throughout 2015 dry (Boro) season (Jan\u2013Apr). Eh stayed at or above \u223c+300\u202fmV except for sudden drops to \u223c\u2212200\u202fmV with irrigation events in DSR. Eh quickly dropped to methanogenic conditions, under both AWD and CF; rises to \u223c+200\u202fmV were observed during AWD-drainage events but were restricted to upper 5.5 or 12.5\u202fcm depths. Throughout the growing season there was a pronounced increase in reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn (hydro-) oxides, buildup of dissolved C, and CH4 effluxes under AWD and CF but not DSR, likely at least partially driven by the gradual soil warming from \u223c20\u202f\u00b0C till 28\u202f\u00b0C. Predominant aerobic conditions under DSR lead to a nearly doubled C-emissions (CO2\u202f+\u202fCH4) compared to AWD and CF, suggesting more soil organic matter (OM) degradation in the former case, while soil mineral N plus plant N build-up rate followed an opposite order. Urea application did not raise soil exchangeable N levels, even prior to significant plant uptake from 28 DAT (days after transplanting), and we forward temporal abiotic NH4+-fixation and N-removal processes as explanations. We conclude that regardless of some distinctions in temporal evolutions of puddle layer Eh, solution C, Fe and Mn, and CH4-emission, soil N-supply was quite comparable under AWD and CF, as was rice yield. In the context of N availability, AWD could be safely adopted for rice growth in the Bangladeshi Boro season. The eventual fertilizer N recovery efficiency was higher for CF (42%) than for AWD (32%), but AWD saved 12% irrigation water. While DSR saved 45% water there was a large yield penalty, likely due to drought stress but also by poor germination caused by cold night temperatures in mid-January, while seedling transplantation in CF and AWD plots was only later on 28 January. Further research should be conducted to investigate the fast and pronounced removal of exchangeable inorganic N after initial N buildup by soil OM mineralization, especially in CF and AWD. At this moment most likely candidate processes appear clay-NH4+ fixation and anaerobic NH4+-oxidation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:14:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-28", "title": "Chronic Warming Stimulates Growth Of Marsh Grasses More Than Mangroves In A Coastal Wetland Ecotone", "description": "Abstract<p>Increasing temperatures and a reduction in the frequency and severity of freezing events have been linked to species distribution shifts. Across the globe, mangrove ranges are expanding toward higher latitudes, likely due to diminishing frequency of freezing events associated with climate change. Continued warming will alter coastal wetland plant dynamics both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground, potentially altering plant capacity to keep up with sea level rise. We conducted an in situ warming experiment, in northeast Florida, to determine how increased temperature (+2\uffc2\uffb0C) influences co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring mangrove and salt marsh plants. Warming was achieved using passive warming with three treatment levels (ambient, shade control, warmed). Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, exhibited no differences in growth or height due to experimental warming, but displayed a warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in leaf production (48%). Surprisingly, Distichlis spicata, the dominant salt marsh grass, increased in biomass (53% in 2013 and 70% in 2014), density (41%) and height (18%) with warming during summer months. Warming decreased plant root mass at depth and changed abundances of anaerobic bacterial taxa. Even while the poleward shift of mangroves is clearly controlled by the occurrences of severe freezes, chronic warming between these freeze events may slow the progression of mangrove dominance within ecotones.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "Wetlands", "Florida", "Avicennia", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:14:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-03", "title": "Crop Residues And Fertilizer Nitrogen Influence Residue Decomposition And Nitrous Oxide Emission From A Vertisol", "description": "Crop residues with high C/N ratio immobilize N released during decomposition in soil, thus reducing N losses through leaching, denitrification, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted for 84\u00a0days under controlled conditions (24\u00b0C and moisture content 55% of water-holding capacity) to study the influence of sugarcane, maize, sorghum, cotton and lucerne residues, and mineral N addition, on N mineralization\u2013immobilization and N2O emission. Residues were added at the rate of 3\u00a0t C ha\u22121 to soil with, and without, 150\u00a0kg urea N\u00a0ha\u22121. The addition of sugarcane, maize, and sorghum residues without N fertilizer resulted in a significant immobilization of soil N. Amended soil had significantly (P\u2009<\u20090.05) lower NO                   3                   \u2212                 \u2013N, which reached minimum values of 2.8\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 for sugarcane (at day\u00a028), 10.3\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 for maize (day\u00a07), and 5.9\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 for sorghum (day\u00a07), compared to 22.7\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 for the unamended soil (day\u00a07). During 84\u00a0days of incubation, the total mineral N in the residues\u2009+\u2009N treatments were decreased by 45\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 in sugarcane, 34\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in maize, 29\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in sorghum, and 16\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in cotton amended soil compared to soil\u2009+\u2009N fertilizer, although soil NO                   3                   \u2212                 \u2013N increased by 7\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in lucerne amended soil. The addition of residues also significantly increased amended soil microbial biomass C and N. Maximum emissions of N2O from crop residue amended soils occurred in the first 4\u20135\u00a0days of incubation. Overall, after 84\u00a0days of incubation, the cumulative N2O emission was 25% lower with cotton\u2009+\u2009N fertilizer, compared to soil\u2009+\u2009N fertilizer. The cumulative N2O emission was significantly and positively correlated with NO                   3                   \u2212                 \u2013N (r\u2009=\u20090.92, P\u2009<\u20090.01) and total mineral N (r\u2009=\u20090.93, P\u2009<\u20090.01) after 84\u00a0days of incubation, and had a weak but significant positive correlation with cumulative CO2 in the first 3 and 5\u00a0days of incubation (r\u2009=\u20090.59, P\u2009<\u20090.05).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop residues", "Nitrous oxide", "571", "2404 Microbiology", "Vertisol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Mineral N", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "1111 Soil Science", "Fertilizer N"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Muhammad, W, Vaughan, SM, Dalal, RC, Menzies, NW,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-12", "title": "Drought And Warming Induced Changes In P And K Concentration And Accumulation In Plant Biomass And Soil In A Mediterranean Shrubland", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Drought", "Water stress", "Nutrient content", "Sclerophylly", "Biomass K concentration", "Biomass P concentration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Erica multiflora", "6. Clean water", "Fertility", "Globularia alypum", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Nutrient availability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Warming", "Global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-14", "title": "Visualization and Characterization of Heterogeneous Water Flow in Double-Porosity Media by Means of X-ray Computed Tomography", "description": "Three-dimensional visualization of dynamic water transport process in soil by 1 computed tomography (CT) technique is still limited by its low temporal resolution. In order 2 to monitor dynamically water transport in soil, a compromise has to be found between water 3 flow velocity and CT acquisition time. Furthermore, an efficient image analysis method is 1 4 necessary. In this work, we followed the water transport in three dimensions by CT imaging 5 across a double-porosity media constituted of two distinct materials, i.e. sand and porous 6 clay spheres. The CT acquisition parameters were adjusted to the water pore velocity so that 7 we succeeded to register the water front displacement per time range of 25 min. We also used 8 the image subtraction method to extract water distribution evolution with time with a space 9 resolution of 6 \u00d7 10 \u22123 cm. Both time and space resolution are relatively high compared with 10 other dynamic studies. The water content profiles showed that the clay spheres remained 11 in their dry state during water infiltration, while the water transport only occurred in the 12 sand matrix. These results are consistent with macroscopic experiments. The water front 13 visualized by CT showed a non-symmetrical shape which was related to water transfer in 14 non-equilibrium as shown by column displacement experiments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Porous media", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "6. Clean water", "620", "Image analysis", "3D visualization", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Computed tomography", "Water transport"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Transport%20in%20Porous%20Media", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-08", "title": "Toxicity screening of biochar-mineral composites using germination tests", "description": "This study assessed the properties and toxicity (water cress germination trials) of 38 waste-derived, novel biochar-mineral composites (BMCs) produced via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochars). The biochars were produced from sewage sludge and compost-like output (CLO) by varying the type of mineral additive (zeolite, wood ash and lignite fly ash), the mineral-to-feedstock ratio and the carbonization process. While pure hydrochars completely inhibited germination of water cress, this effect was ameliorated by mineral additives. Seedlings grew best in pyrolysis chars and while wood ash addition decreased plant growth in many cases, 1:10 addition to CLO doubled germination rate. The factors responsible for the phytotoxicity can be attributed to pH, salinity and organic contaminants. Importantly, while pure minerals inhibited germination, conversion of minerals into BMCs reduced their inhibitory effects due to buffered release of minerals. Overall, mineral wastes (e.g., combustion ashes) and waste biomass can be used safely as sources of nutrients and stable organic carbon (for soil carbon sequestration) when converted into specific biochar-mineral composites, exploiting synergies between the constituents to deliver superior performance.", "keywords": ["Minerals", "Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering", "Ash", "Germination", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biochar", "Soil", "Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Geological Engineering", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BMCHTC", "Hydrochar", "Pyrolysis", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://arrow.tudublin.ie/context/beschrecart/article/1073/viewcontent/Toxicity_screening_of_biochar_mineral_composites_using_germination_tests.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-16", "title": "Response Of Soil Microbial Communities To Agroecological Versus Conventional Systems Of Extensive Agriculture", "description": "Abstract   World population growth has led to a rise in resource demands imposed on agricultural systems, generating an increased global use of natural resources. However, agroecology proposes self-regulation in order to achieve a sustainable agricultural balance. Therefore, considering the rapid responses of microbial communities to small changes in soil use, the objective of this study was to assess the response of soil microbial communities to agroecological vs. conventional systems of extensive agriculture. Soil sampling was carried out in 2016 and 2017 with three different treatments using the sequence soybean/maize (Glycine max L./Zea mays L.) as the main crop: Agroecological (AE), conventional with cover crops (CC) and conventional without cover crops (control). Species used as cover crops were wheat (Triticum aestivum), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Agroecological treatment showed the lowest total nitrogen (0.18\u202fmg\u202fN\u202fg\u22121) and organic carbon (1.99\u202fmg\u202fC\u202fg\u22121) content of soil, and CC treatment showed the highest value of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, with values 63.2% and 12.1% higher than AE and the control, respectively. However, AE treatment also produced the highest F:B ratio (44.8) and the lowest metabolic quotient (1.14), which indicates an improvement in metabolic efficiency and soil quality. No significant differences were recorded in the abundance of fungal and bacterial communities between treatments. Our results suggest that agroecological management is characterised by fungal dominance in soil microbial communities and a higher microbial metabolic efficiency compared to conventional management. These results demonstrate more efficient use of carbon substrates in agroecological systems, which could counteract the negative effect of the lack of synthetic fertilisation and reduced-tillage in the long term. The findings demonstrate that sustainable agricultural tools with adequate management can be effectively used to preserve soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SUSTAINABILITY", "AGROECOLOGY", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "METABOLIC EFFICIENCY", "MICROBIAL ABUNDANCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-04", "title": "Effects Of Manure With Different C/N Ratios On Yields, Yield Components And Matter Balances Of Organically Grown Vegetables On A Sandy Soil Of Northern Oman", "description": "Little is known about how organic matter quality affects crop production and matter fluxes in irrigated organic agriculture under subtropical conditions. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, river buffalos were fed with two diets characterised by a carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 11.0 and 27.2 and a ratio of neutral detergent fibre (NDF; i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin)/soluble carbohydrates (SC; i.e. sugars and starch) of 2.1 and 16.1, respectively. The diets yielded two manure types with a C/N ratio of 19 and a fibre/soluble carbohydrate (NDF/SC) ratio of 17 (ORG1) and 25 and 108 (ORG2), respectively. These uncomposted manures were split-applied at respective rates of 16 and 12\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 (ORG1) and 22 and 16\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 (ORG2) for 2\u00a0years in a factorial cropping systems experiment consisting of a cropping sequence of radish followed by either cauliflower (radish\u2013cauliflower) or carrot (radish\u2013carrot). The control treatment consisted of an equivalent combination of mineral fertilizers (MIN). Target levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were 590\u00a0kg, 251\u00a0kg and 320\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. Despite consistently higher radish yields in ORG1 compared to ORG2 plots, these differences were not significant. Cauliflower yield, stem diameter and plant height (P\u2009<\u20090.001) increased with higher NPK availability from ORG2 to ORG1 and MIN, whereas carrot root length increased from ORG1 to MIN to ORG2 treatments (P\u2009<\u20090.001). Estimated N and P balances were positive across soil amendments (361\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 196\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121 for radish\u2013carrot and 299\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 184\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121 for radish\u2013cauliflower), but K balances were negative (\u221259 and \u221273\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121). Estimated C balances were strongly negative on MIN plots for both cropping systems (\u22127.3 and \u22125.0\u00a0t C ha\u22121). The results underline the difficulty of maintaining soil organic C under irrigated subtropical conditions with year-round high ambient temperatures.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Siegfried, Konrad, Dietz, Herbert, Amthauer Gallardo, Daniel, Schlecht, Eva, Buerkert, Andreas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Organic%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-08T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-07-06", "title": "Mechanical Control Of Shrubs In A Semiarid Region Of Argentina And Its Effect On Soil Water Content And Grassland Productivity", "description": "Abstract   Mechanical shrub control with roller choppers can be an inexpensive and non contaminant system for increasing grassland production in rangelands dry regions. A field experiment was carried out between October 1997 and October 2001 in the \u201cCaldenal-Jarillal\u201d botanic district of Argentina, a natural rangeland ecosystem with a high water deficit throughout much of the year. The trial was conducted on a Typic Ustortent and consisted of the following treatments: a control, the undisturbed natural condition (N), and rolled with (I) and without (R) interseeding of  Panicum coloratum . Results showed that I and R improved soil water content within the upper 100\u00a0cm, dry matter production of grasses, amount of litter and water use efficiency as compared to N. The positive effect of rolling on soil water content was detected only in autumn months when water balance was positive. In summer months, when a negative water balance occurred, soil water content of rolled treatments was not different from that of the unrolled one. Consumptive water use was similar in rolled and unrolled treatments, and equivalent to the rainfall, reflecting the low soil water-holding capacity. The higher efficiency of water use in rolled treatments indicated that grasses were more efficient in using the consumed water. The I and R treatments had similar values of soil water content within the upper 100\u00a0cm, grass dry matter production, amount of litter and water use efficiency. However, a higher grass dry matter production in R than in I was noticed in part of the last year of this study. Grass dry matter production increased at the same rate in all treatments after 4 years, but litter remained constant in the unrolled treatment and decreased in the rolled ones. Mechanical shrub control with a roller chopper decreased shrub competition, thereby increasing the productivity of the ecosystem.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Rolling", "Natural Grasses", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Shrub Control", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Semiarid Regions", "Water Balance", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6.+Clean+water&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6.+Clean+water&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6.+Clean+water&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6.+Clean+water&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 4996, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-09T13:45:10.961761Z"}