{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-24", "title": "Modelling Soil Organic Carbon Turnover In Improved Fallows In Eastern Zambia Using The Rothc-26.3 Model", "description": "Abstract   Scarcity of simple and reliable methods of estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and lack of data from long-term experiments make it difficult to estimate attainable soil C sequestration in tropical improved fallows. Testing and validating existing and widely used SOC models would help to determine attainable C storage in fallows. The Rothamsted C (RothC) model, therefore, was tested using empirical data from improved fallows at Msekera in eastern Zambia. This study (i) determined the effects of nitrogen fixing tree (NFT) species on aboveground organic C inputs to the soil and SOC stocks, (ii) estimated annual net organic C inputs to the soil using the RothC, and (iii) tested the performance of RothC model using empirical data from improved fallows. Soil samples (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were collected from coppicing and non-coppicing fallow experiments in October 2002 for determination of SOC by LECO CHN-1000 analyser. Data on surface litter, maize and weed biomasses, and on weather, were supplied by the Zambia/ICRAF Agroforestry Project. Measured SOC stocks to 20\u00a0cm depth ranged from 32.2 to 37.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows and 29.5 to 30.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows compared to 22.2\u201326.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in maize monoculture systems. Coppicing fallows accumulated more SOC (680\u20131150\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121) than non-coppicing fallows (410\u2013789\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121). While treatments with NFTs accumulated more SOC than NFT-free systems, SOC stocks increased with increasing tree biomass production and tree rotation. For food security and C sequestration, coppicing fallows are a potentially viable option.  The RothC-26.3 model calculates the effect of annual above- and below-ground plant residue inputs to the soil on total organic C, microbial biomass, and radiocarbon age of the soil over a period ranging from a few years to centuries. As plant residue inputs from roots during plant growth are rarely known, the model is most often run in \u2018inverse\u2019 mode to generate total annual plant residue inputs from known soil, site, and weather data. The model, run in reverse, estimated the annual net organic C inputs required to maintain SOC stocks. Estimates ranged from 2.8 to 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows, 2.2\u20135.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows, and from 1.4 to 2.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in controls. Modelled inputs comprising above- and below-ground organic residues in fallows were 12\u2013104% greater than measured above-ground inputs alone. The model provided a good fit to empirical SOC data in fertilized maize monoculture, and in coppicing and non-coppicing fallows. Modelled inputs for Leucaena, Gliricidia, Senna, Sesbania, and Cajanus closely matched plant C input values estimated in separate studies, suggesting that RothC is giving reasonable simulations of soil C changes under improved fallow conditions in Zambia. However, the DPM/RPM ratio for plant C inputs in fallows was increased from 0.25 to 1.10 to suit their biodegradability characteristics. The RothC model can be used to calculate annual organic C inputs and SOC stocks in improved fallows provided suitable DPM:RPM ratios are used.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-02", "title": "Effects Of Temperature And Nitrate On Phosphomonoesterase Activities Between Carbon Source And Sink Tissues In Zostera Marina L.", "description": "Inorganic phosphorus (P;) is important in the regulation of many carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes of plants. In this study, we examined alterations of phosphomonoesterase activity (PA; both alkaline and acid) in a submersed marine angiosperm, Zostera marina, grown in P i  non-limiting conditions under elevated temperature and/or nitrate enrichment. Control plants (ambient water-column NO 3  <2.5 \u03bcM, with weekly mean water temperatures between 26.5-27.0 \u00b0C based on a 20-yr data set in a local embayment) were compared to treated plants that were exposed to increased water-column nitrate (8 \u03bcM NO 3  above ambient, pulsed daily at 0900 h), and/or increased temperature (ca. 3 \u00b0C above weekly means) over eight weeks in late summer-fall. Under both nitrate regimes, increased temperature resulted in periodic increased leaf and root-rhizome tissue carbon content, and increased acid and alkaline PA activities (AcPAs and AlPAs, respectively). There was a positive correlation between A1PA and AcPA activities and sucrose synthase activities in belowground structures, and a negative correlation between A1PA activities and sucrose concentrations. There were also periodic changes in PA partitioning between carbon source and sink tissues. In high-temperature and high-nitrate treatments, AcPAs significantly increased in leaves relative to activities in root-rhizome tissues (up to 12-fold higher in aboveground than belowground tissues in as little as 3 weeks after initiation of treatments). These responses were not observed in control plants, which maintained comparable AcPA activities in above- and belowground tissues. In addition, A1PA activity was significantly higher in leaf than in root-rhizome tissues of plants in high-temperature (weeks 3 and 6) and high temperature combined with high nitrate treatments (week 8), relative to A1PA activities in control plants. The observed changes in PAs were not related to P, growth limitation, and may allow Z. marina to alter its carbon metabolism during periods of increased carbon demand/mobilization. This response would make it possible for Z. marina to meet short-term P requirements to maximize carbon production/allocation. Such a mechanism could help to explain the variability in PA activities that has been observed for many plant species during periods when environmental P i  exceeds requirements for optimal growth.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "JoAnn M. Burkholder, Brant W. Touchette,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Marine%20Biology%20and%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-11", "title": "Seasonal Patterns Of Nitrogen Cycling In Subtropical Short-Hydroperiod Wetlands: Effects Of Precipitation And Restoration", "description": "In the event of increased frequency of extreme wet or dry events resulting from climate change, it becomes more important to understand the temporal dynamics of soil nitrogen (N) processes in ecosystems. Here, seasonal patterns of N cycling were characterized in subtropical wetlands in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Two restored sites and one reference site with different nutrient status, soil depth, and vegetation communities, were selected. Soil available N, microbial biomass, potential N mineralization and denitrification rates, enzyme activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and N-acetyl-\u03b2-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured across the wet and dry seasons from 2010 to 2011. In general, most N processes were significantly correlated with soil water contents (P<0.05) which reflected the precipitation regime. The lower elevation and shallower soil (2-3cm depth) at the restored site may contribute to their higher soil water contents compared to the reference site with ~10cm soil depth, which further led to the earlier peaks of microbial biomass at the two restored sites. Potential N mineralization was positively correlated with LAP at the restored sites whereas with NAG at the reference site (P<0.05), implying that different vegetation composition may provide varying substrates for soil microbes. The build-up of nitrate in the dry spring of 2011 induced a pulse of denitrification after rewetting by a sudden rainfall, implying the presence of a hot moment of denitrification during the dry-rewetting transition period. The decrease of MBC:MBN ratio from dry to wet season indicates a possible microbial composition shift from fungi to bacteria, shedding lights on the potential contribution of fugal groups to denitrification in the dry season. Our study highlight that even under the same climate regime, the small-scale variations could affect the seasonal patterns of N cycling.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect of fertilization on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems - A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Soil microorganisms are considered a sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. In cropping systems, soil microorganisms are strongly affected by crop management, including the application of fertilizers. While studies in natural ecosystems have generally found that increased nitrogen (N) inputs decrease microbial biomass, microorganisms in soils under upland crops often benefit from mineral fertilizer input. Paddy rice soils, being flooded for part of the season, are dominated by different carbon (C) and N cycle processes and microbial communities than soils under upland crops. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilizer on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems in a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. Across all studies (n\u00a0=\u00a055), the addition of mineral fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) by 26% in paddy rice soils. Mineral fertilizer applications also increased soil organic carbon content (SOC) by 13%. The higher crop productivity with fertilization likely led to higher organic C inputs, which in turn increased SOC and MBC contents. The time of sampling within a season (pre-plant rice, in-season rice, post-harvest rice, or post-harvest rotational crop) did not significantly affect the response of MBC to mineral fertilizer. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on MBC content did not differ between cropping systems with continuous rice and systems where paddy rice was grown in rotation with other crops. However, compared with upland cropping systems, the increase in the microbial biomass due to mineral fertilizer application is more pronounced in rice cropping systems, even when rice is grown in rotation with an upland crop. Differences in climate and soil oxygen availability likely explain the stronger response of soil microorganisms to mineral fertilizer input in paddy rice systems. Our analysis suggests that fertilization does not consistently select for specific microbial groups (e.g. gram positive or negative bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) in paddy rice systems; however, it affects microbial community composition through changes in soil properties. How specific groups of microorganisms respond to mineral fertilization likely depends on environmental factors. Overall, our results suggest that in paddy rice systems the application of inorganic fertilizers increases SOC and MBC contents, both of which are important indicators of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bruce A. Linquist, Patricia Lazicki, Daniel Geisseler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Soil Carbon Stratification Affected By Long-Term Tillage And Cropping Systems In Southern Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Continuous residue inputs when associated with minimum soil disturbance gradually promote the stratification of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the soil profile. In temperate soils, this characteristic has been used as an indicator of quality of soil management. However, few studies have been conducted with this indicator in tropical and subtropical climates or with the main soil orders in these areas. To fill this gap, this study was carried out in a subtropical climate with two of the major Brazilian soil orders, Oxisol and Alfisol, that together account for 63% of Brazilian agricultural soils. This study tested the hypothesis that the CSR is affected by soil order and climate type. The main treatments were soil tillage and different cropping systems in two long-term experiments carried out in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The first experiment, established in 1985, was conducted over a clayey Hapludox (Oxisol) soil. The main plots were treated with one of two tillage systems (conventional tillage \u2013 CT; and no-tillage \u2013 NT). The subplots were treated with one of three cropping systems: (a) continuous crop succession (R0) \u2013 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill); (b) winter crop rotation (R1)\u2013wheat/soybean/black oat (Avena strigosa Schreber)/soybean; (c) summer and winter crop rotation (R2) \u2013 wheat/soybean/black oat/soybean/black oat\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Walp)/maize (Zea mays L.)/forage radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.). The second experiment was established in 1991 over a sandy loam distrophic Paleudalf (Alfisol) soil. Five cropping systems were analyzed under no-till: (a) maize\u00a0+\u00a0jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis DC)/soybean (M/JB); (b) maize/fallow/soybean (M/F); (c) maize/ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch/soybean (M/R); (d) maize\u00a0+\u00a0velvet beans (Stizolobium cinereum Piper and Tracy)/soybean (M/VB); and (e) maize/radish oil/soybean (M/FR). The carbon stratification ratio (CSR) was assessed in the 19th and 22nd experimental years for Oxisol and in the 10th and 17th years for Alfisol. This index was calculated through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.05 and 0.05\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layers. The CPI was determined through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layer in a given treatment compared with native vegetation. Regardless of the soil order, SOC was influenced by C input and the tillage system; there was a positive linear relationship between CSR and CPI. The relationship between the CSR and the carbon pool index (CPI) was used to infer the quality of soil management. Higher CSR and CPI indices were found under treatments with minimum soil disturbance and intensive crop rotation. Lower CSR and CPI values were associated with frequent mobilization and lower crop diversity. These CSR indices sensitively distinguished the intensity of tillage (NT replacing CT) and cropping systems (cover crops replacing winter fallow or crop succession). The CSR values in subtropical soils investigated were lower than those reported for temperate soils. The soil order affected the critical CSR value being lower in the Oxisol than in the Alfisol. Our findings recommend accept our hypothesis that the CSR is affected by climate and soil order.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "First Report of Multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-I Causing Crown and Root Rot on Strawberry in Italy", "description": "Strawberry (Fragaria\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0ananassa\u00a0Duch.) is a crop of great economic importance in Italy, where it is grown in soil and under soilless conditions. In March 2019, about 30 to 35% of plants (cv. Portola) grown in a peat substrate under soilless conditions in a farm located in Cuneo Province died. The examination of 10 plants showed crown and root rot over 100% of the root/crown. Affected plants showed brown necrotic tissues in basal leaves and petiole necrosis. Crown and root tissues were cleaned thoroughly from soil residues under tap water. Portions (about 3 to 5 mm) from crowns and roots were cut and surface disinfected with a water solution of NaClO at 0.5% for 2 min and rinsed in sterile water. The tissue fragments were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate and incubated at 25\u00b0C. After 3 days, fungal colonies with septate hyphae and right-angled branching similar to\u00a0Rhizoctonia solani\u00a0were observed with high frequency (90%) (Sneh et\u00a0al. 1991). To confirm the species identity, hyphal tips were transferred from the obtained colonies to PDA and grown for 10 days at 22 \u00b1 1\u00b0C. Mycelium was light brown, compact, with radial growth. The hyphal width varied from 8.5 to 10 \u03bcm. Sclerotia were not present. DNA was then extracted from a single representative isolate (RH230), and rDNA ITS sequencing was conducted as described by\u00a0Aiello et\u00a0al. (2017). The rDNA ITS sequence of RH230 (GenBank accession no. MZ373271) was 100% identical (603/603 bp) to part of another sequence previously identified as\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I (MK583647,\u00a0Claerbout et\u00a0al. 2019). Twenty-day-old healthy plants of cultivar Portola were planted in a steam-disinfested peat soil (12-liter pots) infested with 1 g/liter of wheat kernels colonized for 10 days with the isolate RH230 to evaluate the pathogenicity. Control plants were planted in a steam-disinfested peat substrate amended with noninoculated sterilized wheat kernels. Six plants per treatments were used and kept in a greenhouse at 25 \u00b1 3\u00b0C. Crown and root rot similar to that observed in the farm developed 40 to 55 days after inoculation and resulted in 50 to 66% dead plants during two repeated trials. Fungal colonies morphologically similar to\u00a0R. solani\u00a0were consistently reisolated from affected crowns, and the resequencing of the rDNA ITS region fulfilled Koch\u2019s postulates. Control plants remained healthy.\u00a0Rhizoctonia\u00a0isolates of AG-A and AG-G anastomosis groups were found as pathogens of strawberry in Italy (Manici and Bonora 2007), while the AG4 HG-I was reported in Israel (Sharon et\u00a0al. 2007).\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I was found on other hosts (Aiello et\u00a0al. 2017); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report on strawberry in Italy. The disease could become a significant problem for soilless culture strawberry in Italy, causing severe yield losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crown rot; Rhizoctonia; Root rot; Strawberry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Disease", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "name": "item", "description": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-05", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates In Two Long-Term No-Till Experiments In Ohio", "description": "The effectiveness of no-till (NT) farming in reducing loss of soil organic matter (SOM) depends on climate and soil properties. Soil samples were obtained from two long-term experiments that were designed to study the impact of tillage systems on crop yields. However, the objectives of this experiment were to assess the impact of NT on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and other soil properties and to estimate historic depletion of SOC under different soil management practices with reference to the undisturbed wooded control. The two long-term experiments in Ohio studied were those sited at South Charleston and Hoytville. The South Charleston (83\u00b0 30' W and 39\u00b0 48' N) experiment was established in 1962 on Crosby silt loam (fine mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf). The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 10.8 \u00b0C and 1043 mm, respectively. Tillage treatments for continuous corn (Zea mays) were NT, chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP). The Hoytville (84\u00b0 04' W and 41\u00b0 03' N) experiment was established in 1987 on Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) soil. The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 9.9 \u00b0C and 845 mm, respectively. There were two crop rotations: (i) 2-year corn-soybean (Glycine max) rotation with NT and subsoiling and (ii) 3-year corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa) rotation with NT, CP, and rotational tillage soil management. The Hoytville clay site is poorly drained, has higher clay content, and higher and more even by distributed antecedent level of SOC in the soil profile than does the South Charleston silt loam soil. No-till increased SOC and N pools in the 0 to 5-cm layer in silt loam soil but had no effect in clay soil. The rate of SOC sequestration in the silt-loam soil under NT was 175 kg C ha -1  y -1 . The silt loam soil had higher SOC and N stratification ratios in NT than in MP and CP treatments, whereas the stratification ratios were low and similar in all treatments in the clayey soil. For both soils, there were no differences between tillage treatments in several soil properties including texture, available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity (K s ), and cation exchange capacity. The NT decreased soil bulk density and pH in the 0 to 15-cm layer in the silt loam soil. The plow till treatments had a small impact on soil aggregation in clayey soil. The decline in water-stable aggregates with reference to NT was no more than one sixth. In the silt loam soil, however, the water-stable aggregates in plow till treatments were merely one third of that in the NT treatment. The historic loss of the SOC pool for 0 to 30-cm depth under agricultural land use was 25 to 35% in silt loam and 19 to 25% in the clayey soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Identification of isoprene-degrading bacteria in phyllosphere and soil communities from high isoprene-emitting oil palm trees by DNA-stable isotope probing", "description": "<p>Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) on Earth, with annual global emissions almost equal to those from methane. Due to its volatile nature and high reactivity, isoprene plays a complex role in atmospheric chemistry and hence, climate. However, very little is known about its biological degradation in the environment. The vast majority of isoprene (500 Tg \uffc2\uffb7y-1) is produced by terrestrial plants and oil palm is considered one of the highest isoprene-producing trees, with estimated emissions of 175 \uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffb7g-1 dry leaves \uffc2\uffb7h-1. Oil palm is also a heavily cultivated crop since it is the source of 30% of the vegetable oil in the world and in countries such as Malaysia represents &gt;85% of total agricultural land. The vast expansion of a single crop that emits such high amounts of isoprene have raised serious concerns about its impact on air quality and climate change. We performed DNA Stable Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP) to study the isoprene-degrading community of oil palm trees in a Malaysian plantation and identified novel genera of isoprene-utilising bacteria in both oil palm soils and leaves. isoA amplicon sequencing data also confirmed that oil palm trees harbour a novel diversity of isoA genes, which encode the alpha subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase, a key enzyme in isoprene metabolism. In addition, metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from metagenomes from oil palm soil and leaf incubations and analysed to identify isoprene degradation gene clusters in these microorganisms. Finally, analysis of unenriched metagenomes showed that isoA-containing bacteria are more abundant in soils than in the oil palm phyllosphere.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Access%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "name": "item", "description": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-19", "title": "Resource Conservation Strategies For Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems On Partially Reclaimed Sodic Soils Of The Indo-Gangetic Region, And Their Effects On Soil Carbon", "description": "Abstract<p>The Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic plain is characterized by intensive agriculture, largely by resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor small and marginal farmers. Vast swathes of salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90affected areas in the region provide both challenges and opportunities to bolster food security and sequester carbon after reclamation. Sustainable management of reclaimed soils via resource conservation strategies, such as residue retention, is key to the prosperity of the farmer, as well as increases the efficiency of expensive initiatives to further reclaim sodic land areas, which currently lay barren. After five years of experimentation on resource conservation strategies for rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat systems on partially reclaimed sodic soils of the Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic region, we evaluated changes in different soil carbon pools and crop yield. Out of all resource conservation techniques which were tested, rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat crop residue addition (30% of total production) was most effective in increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). In rice, without crop residue addition (WCR), soils under zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage with transplanting, summer ploughing with transplanting and direct seeding with brown manuring showed a significant increase in SOC over the control (puddling in rice, conventional tillage in wheat). In these treatments relatively higher levels of carbon were attained in all aggregate fractions compared to the control. Soil aggregate sizes in meso (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff902.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) and macro (2\uffe2\uff80\uff908\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) ranges increased, whereas micro (&lt; 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) fractions decreased in soils under zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90till practices, both with and without crop residue addition. Direct seeding with brown manuring and zero tillage with transplanting also showed an increase of 135% and 95%, respectively, over the control in microbial biomass carbon, without crop residue incorporation. In zero tillage with transplanting treatment, both with and without crop residue showed significant increase in soil carbon sequestration potential. Though the changes in accrued soil carbon did not bring about significant differences in terms of grain yield, overall synthesis in terms of balance between yield and carbon sequestration indicated that summer ploughing with transplanting and zero tillage with transplanting sequestered significantly higher rates of carbon, yet yielded on par with conventional practices. These could be appropriate alternatives to immediately replace conventional tillage and planting practices for rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat cropping systems in the sodic soils of the Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic region.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12071"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Natural%20Resources%20Forum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1477-8947.12071"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-19", "title": "Drought Changes Phosphorus And Potassium Accumulation Patterns In An Evergreen Mediterranean Forest", "description": "Summary<p>  <p>Climate models predict more extreme weather in Mediterranean ecosystems, with more frequent drought periods and torrential rainfall. These expected changes may affect major process in ecosystems such as mineral cycling. However, there is a lack of experimental data regarding the effects of prolonged drought on nutrient cycling and content in Mediterranean ecosystems.</p> <p>A 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year drought manipulation experiment was conducted in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest. The aim was to investigate the effects of drought conditions expected to occur over the coming decades, on the contents and concentrations of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in stand biomass, and P and K content and availability in soils.</p> <p>Drought (an average reduction of 15% in soil moisture) increased P leaf concentration by 18\uffc2\uffb72% and reduced P wood and root concentrations (30\uffc2\uffb79% and 39\uffc2\uffb78%, respectively) in the dominant tree species Quercus ilex, suggesting a process of mobilization of P from wood towards leaves. The decrease in P wood concentrations in Quercus ilex, together with a decrease in forest biomass growth, led to an overall decrease (by approximately one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third) of the total P content in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. In control plots, the total P content in the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass increased 54\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from 1999 to 2005, whereas in drought plots there was no increase in P levels in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. Drought had no effects on either K above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground contents or concentrations.</p> <p>Drought increased total soil soluble P by increasing soil soluble organic P, which is the soil soluble P not directly available to plant capture. Drought reduced the ratio of soil soluble inorganic P\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0soil soluble organic P by 50% showing a decrease of inorganic P release from P bound to organic matter. Drought increased by 10% the total K content in the soil, but reduced the soil soluble K by 20\uffc2\uffb74%.</p> <p>Drought led to diminished plant uptake of mineral nutrients and to greater recalcitrance of minerals in soil. This will lead to a reduction in P and K in the ecosystem, due to losses in P and K through leaching and erosion, if the heavy rainfalls predicted by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) models occur. As P is currently a limiting factor in many Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems, and given that P and K are necessary for high water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency and stomata control, the negative effects of drought on P and K content in the ecosystem may well have additional indirect negative effects on plant fitness.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x26-023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-17", "title": "Ecosystem Nutrient Responses To Chronic Nitrogen Inputs At Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia", "description": "<p> Among the current environmental concerns for forests of the eastern United States is nitrogen (N) saturation, a result of excessive inputs of N associated with acidic deposition. We studied nutrient responses on N-treated and untreated watersheds of the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, to test for evidence of N saturation on the treated watershed. The watersheds were WS7 (23-year-old even-aged control), WS4 (mature mixed-aged control), and WS3 (23-year-old even-aged treatment). WS3 has received aerial applications of (NH4)2SO4 from 1989 to the present (a total of 4 years for the study period) at 3\uffe2\uff80\uff82\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff82ambient inputs of N and S (54 and 61\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively). Base-flow stream samples were collected weekly from each watershed and analyzed for NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 and Ca2+. Mineral soil was incubated in situ, placed in bags, and buried about every 30 days during the growing season in each of seven sample plots within each watershed. Moist samples of soil from the bags were analyzed for extractable NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92. In addition, forest floor material and leaves of an herbaceous species (Violarotundifolia Michx.) from each plot were analyzed for N and other nutrients. Violarotundifolia was present on all 21 plots and used as an additional indicator of N availability and soil fertility. Foliage tissue was sampled from overstory tree species (Liriodendrontulipifera L., Prunusserotina Ehrh., Betulalenta L., and Acerrubrum L.) from WS3 and WS7 and analyzed for nutrient content. Results from the 1993 growing season showed few, if any, differences among watersheds for (1) N content and C/N ratio of the mineral soil and forest floor and (2) relative proportion of NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 produced in the buried bags. Nitrification rates were equally high in soils of all watersheds; N concentrations were significantly higher in foliage tissue of overstory tree species and of V. rotundifolia in the treatment versus control watersheds; plant tissue Ca was significantly lower for the treatment watershed than for the control watersheds. Our results support the conclusions of earlier studies that high amounts of ambient N deposition have brought about N saturation on untreated watersheds at the Fernow Experimental Forest. This is suggested by minimal differences among watersheds in N mineralization and nitrification and soil and forest floor N. However, aggravated N saturation on our treated watershed can be seen in differences in plant tissue nutrients among watersheds and streamflow data, indicating increased losses of NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 with accompanying losses of Ca2+ in response to further N additions to a N-saturated system. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x26-023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x26-023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x26-023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x26-023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "Western Oregon Grass Seed Crop Rotation And Straw Residue Effects On Soil Quality", "description": "<p>Understanding the impact of crop rotation and residue management in grass seed production systems on soil quality and, in particular soil C dynamics, is critical in making long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil management decisions supporting farm sustainability. The effects of a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotation and residue management (high vs. low residue) on soil quality were investigated at three locations in Oregon, each contrasting in soil drainage classification. The crop rotations were continuous perennial grass seed production, grass/legume seed production, and grass/legume/cereal seed production. The grass species grown at each location were different and represented those most commonly produced in each environment; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub], and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). All three grass seed crop rotations and residue methods maintained high soil quality in conventional or direct seeded soils, but under some situations, soil quality was higher with continuous grass rotation and high residue. Data suggest that straw removal for value\uffe2\uff80\uff90added use, like bioenergy production, can be accomplished in the Pacific Northwest Marine climate without appreciably affecting soil quality. Furthermore, grass seed cropping systems play an important role in soil C storage and enhancement, a valuable ecosystem service in this region where grass seed is produced on land that is not suitable for production of conventional crops that require better\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soil. We conclude that by nature perennial grass seed crops promote high soil fertility and enriched soil C pools and consequently contribute to the tolerance of these systems to the use of less conservation\uffe2\uff80\uff90oriented crop management methods at times when crop loss could be potentially high. This attribute provides producers greater latitude in selecting soil and crop management options to address issues of soil fertility, pest, weed, or seed certification to minimize economic crop yield losses.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gerald Whittaker, Richard P. Dick, Gary M. Banowetz, Stephen M. Griffith, George W. Mueller-Warrant,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Abstract<p>Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilization affects soil organic N reserves, N mineralization potential, and crop response to applied N, but little information is available on the influence of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilizer (STN) management on soil organic N availability and crop response. This study was conducted to determine if STN changes soil N supplying capability to corn (Zea mays L.) after 3 yr of differential N fertilization on a Fayette silt loam soil (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in Wisconsin. Various rates of N fertilizer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93402 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were applied to corn in 1983, 1984, and 1985, and their residual effects on corn response were evaluated in 1986. Soil profile No3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels in spring 1986 were very low in all plots (48 \uffc2\uffb1 4 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 [90 cm]\uffe2\uff88\uff921), yet grain yields and N uptake were significantly increased by STN applications. Corn N uptake was linearly related to the total amount of N returned to soil in crop residues during the previous 3 yr. Increased organic N availability under high STN management was equivalent to a 78 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate, or 47% of the N fertilizer required for optimum crop yields. In aerobic incubations (40 wk) of spring 1986 soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm), STN additions increased N release only in the first few weeks. Kinetics of N mineralization were best described by a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90component model in which the active fraction (NA) of soil organic N was highly correlated with corn N uptake (r = 0.88). Simulation of field conditions showed that 95% of NA is available before crop maturity. A phosphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90borate buffer organic N availability index was significantly and consistently related to STN treatments. Relative increases in total soil organic N corresponded with the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N balance between fertilizer additions and grain removals, and were about 10 times larger than mineralizable N. These results indicate that immobilization of excess mineral N into stable soil organic N during decomposition of crop residues should be considered in determining the environmental risk of N fertilization. Although labile organic N is a small fraction of the total fertilizer N contribution to soil N, its quantification should allow a more accurate assessment of crop N needs.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0248", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-30", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Harvesting Maize Stover And Tillage On Soil Quality", "description": "<p>Rising concerns about greenhouse gases, increased fuel prices, and the potential for new high value agricultural products have raised interest in the use of maize stover for bioenergy production. However, residue harvest must be weighed against potential negative impacts on soil quality. This study, conducted in Chazy, NY, evaluated the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of 32 yr of maize (Zea maysL.) stover harvest vs. stover return on soil quality in the surface layer (5\uffe2\uff80\uff9366 mm) under plow till (PT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) systems on a Raynham silt loam (coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Aeric Epiaquept) using physical, chemical, and biological soil properties as soil quality indicators. Twenty\uffe2\uff80\uff90five soil properties were measured, including standard chemical soil tests, aggregate stability (WSA), bulk density, (\uffcf\uff81b) penetration resistance (PR), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), infiltrability (Infilt), several porosity indicators (aeration pores(PO &gt; 1000), soil water potential = \uffce\uffa8 &gt; \uffe2\uff88\uff920.36 kPa; air\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pores at field capacity (PO &gt; 30), \uffce\uffa8 &gt; \uffe2\uff88\uff9210kPa; available water capacity (AWC), \uffe2\uff88\uff921500 &lt; \uffce\uffa8 &lt; \uffe2\uff88\uff9210 kPa), total organic matter (OM), parasitic (Nemparasitic) and beneficial nematode (Nembeneficial) populations, decomposition rate (Decomp), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and easily extractable (EEG) and total glomalin (TG). Only eight indicators were adversely affected by stover harvest, and most of these effects were significant only under NT. Almost all indicators affected by stover removal were affected equally or more adversely by tillage. A total of 15 indicators were adversely affected by tillage. Results of this study suggest that, on a silt loam soil in a temperate climate, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term stover harvest had lower adverse impacts on soil quality than long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage. Stover harvest appears to be sustainable when practiced under NT management.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0248"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0248", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0248", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0248"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11040652", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-29", "title": "Wheat Yield Forecasting for the Tisza River Catchment Using Landsat 8 NDVI and SAVI Time Series and Reported Crop Statistics", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Due to the increasing global demand of food grain, early and reliable information on crop production is important in decision making in agricultural production. Remote sensing (RS)-based forecast models developed from vegetation indices have the potential to give quantitative and timely information on crops for larger regions or even at farm scale. Different vegetation indices are being used for this purpose, however, their efficiency in estimating crop yield certainly needs to be tested. In this study, wheat yield was derived by linear regressing reported yield values against a time series of six different peak-seasons (2013\u20132018) using the Landsat 8-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). NDVI- and SAVI-based forecasting models were validated based on 2018\u20132019 datasets and compared to evaluate the most appropriate index that performs better in forecasting wheat production in the Tisza river basin. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index was positive with E1 = 0.716 for the model from NDVI and for SAVI E1 = 0.909, which means that the forecasting method developed and performed good forecast efficiency. The best time for wheat yield prediction with Landsat 8-SAVI and NDVI was found to be the beginning of full biomass period from the 138th to 167th day of the year (18 May to 16 June; BBCH scale: 41\u201371) with high regression coefficients between the vegetation indices and the wheat yield. The RMSE of the NDVI-based prediction model was 0.357 t/ha (NRMSE: 7.33%). The RMSE of the SAVI-based prediction model was 0.191 t/ha (NRMSE 3.86%). The validation of the results revealed that the SAVI-based model provided more accurate forecasts compared to NDVI. Overall, probable yield amount is possible to predict far before harvest (six weeks earlier) based on Landsat 8 NDVI and SAVI and generating simple thresholds for yield forecasting, and a potential loss of wheat yield can be mapped.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Landsat 8", "2. Zero hunger", "SAVI", "NDVI", "S", "13. Climate action", "wheat", "yield forecasting", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/652/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/652/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040652"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11040652", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11040652", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11040652"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13061133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-16", "title": "Assessing Irrigation Water Use with Remote Sensing-Based Soil Water Balance at an Irrigation Scheme Level in a Semi-Arid Region of Morocco", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This study aims to evaluate a remote sensing-based approach to allow estimation of the temporal and spatial distribution of crop evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation water requirements over irrigated areas in semi-arid regions. The method is based on the daily step FAO-56 Soil Water Balance model combined with a time series of basal crop coefficients and the fractional vegetation cover derived from high-resolution satellite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery. The model was first calibrated and validated at plot scale using ET measured by eddy-covariance systems over wheat fields and olive orchards representing the main crops grown in the study area of the Haouz plain (central Morocco). The results showed that the model provided good estimates of ET for wheat and olive trees with a root mean square error (RMSE) of about 0.56 and 0.54 mm/day respectively. The model was then used to compare remotely sensed estimates of irrigation requirements (RS-IWR) and irrigation water supplied (WS) at plot scale over an irrigation district in the Haouz plain through three growing seasons. The comparison indicated a large spatio-temporal variability in irrigation water demands and supplies; the median values of WS and RS-IWR were 130 (175), 117 (175) and 118 (112) mm respectively in the 2002\u20132003, 2005\u20132006 and 2008\u20132009 seasons. This could be attributed to inadequate irrigation supply and/or to farmers\u2019 socio-economic considerations and management practices. The findings demonstrate the potential for irrigation managers to use remote sensing-based models to monitor irrigation water usage for efficient and sustainable use of water resources.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "FAO-56 soil water balance", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Science", "water", "Q", "evapotranspiration", "balance", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "irrigation", "6. Clean water", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "remote sensing", "evapotranspiration; irrigation; water; remote sensing; FAO-56 soil water balance; NDVI time series", "FAO-56 soil water", "NDVI time series"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1133/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1133/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13061133", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13061133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13061133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/s21103544", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-20", "title": "Platinum-Based Interdigitated Micro-Electrode Arrays for Reagent-Free Detection of Copper", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Water is a precious resource that is under threat from a number of pressures, including, for example, release of toxic compounds, that can have damaging effect on ecology and human health. The current methods of water quality monitoring are based on sample collection and analysis at dedicated laboratories. Recently, electrochemical-based methods have attracted a lot of attention for environmental sensing owing to their versatility, sensitivity and their ease of integration with cost effective, smart and portable readout systems. In the present work, we report on the fabrication and characterization of platinum-based interdigitated microband electrodes arrays, and their application for trace detection of copper. Using square wave voltammetry after acidification with mineral acids, a limit of detection of 0.8 \u03bcg/L was achieved. Copper detection was also undertaken on river water samples and compared with standard analytical techniques. The possibility of controlling the pH at the surface of the sensors\u2014thereby avoiding the necessity to add mineral acids\u2014was investigated. By applying potentials to drive the water splitting reaction at one comb of the sensor\u2019s electrode (the protonator), it was possible to lower the pH in the vicinity of the sensing electrode. Detection of standard copper solutions down to 5 \u03bcg/L (ppb) using this technique is reported. This reagent free method of detection opens the way for autonomous, in situ monitoring of pollutants in water bodies.</p></article>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Chemical technology", "electrochemical sensors", "pH control", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "heavy metals", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "environmental monitoring", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3544/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103544"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/s21103544", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/s21103544", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/s21103544"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-31", "description": "Interest in biochar (BC) has grown dramatically in recent years, due mainly to the fact that its incorporation into soil reportedly enhances carbon sequestration and fertility. Currently, BC types most under investigation are those obtained from organic matter (OM) of plant origin. As great amounts of manure solids are expected to become available in the near future, thanks to the development of technologies for the separation of the solid fraction of animal effluents, processing of manure solids for BC production seems an interesting possibility for the recycling of OM of high nutrient value. The aim of this study was to investigate carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient dynamics in soil amended with BC from dried swine manure solids. The experiment was carried out in laboratory microcosms on a silty clay soil. The effect on nutrient dynamics of interaction between BC and fresh digestate obtained from a biogas plant was also investigated to test the hypothesis that BC can retain nutrients. A comparison was made of the following treatments: soil amended with swine manure solids (LC), soil amended with charred swine manure solids (LT), soil amended with wood chip (CC), soil amended with charred wood chip (CT), soil with no amendment as control (Cs), each one of them with and without incorporation of digestate (D) for a total of 10 treatments. Biochar was obtained by treating OM (wood chip or swine manure) with moisture content of less than 10% at 420\u00b0C in anoxic conditions. The CO2-C release and organic C, available phosphorus (P) (Olsen P, POls) and inorganic (ammonium+nitrate) nitrogen (N) (Nmin) contents at the start and three months after the start of the experiment were measured in the amended and control soils. After three months of incubation at 30\u00b0C, the CO2-C emissions from soil with BC (CT and LT, \u00b1D) were the same as those in the control soil (Cs) and were lower than those in the soils with untreated amendments (CC and LC, \u00b1D). The organic C content decreased in CT and LT to a lesser extent than in CC and LC. In soils with D (+D), the CO2-C emissions were equal to or higher than those in soils without (-D). The Nmin content increased in all treatments; the POls content decreased in the +D treatments. The incorporation of BC into soil, by reducing CO2 emissions, actually contributes to C sequestration without modifying N availability for crops. For a given N content, the BC from swine manure solids supplies much more P than the non-treated OM and, therefore, represents an interesting source of P for crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "emissions", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Italian%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "name": "item", "description": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/p02-188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "description": "<p> In the Brown soil zone of western Canada summerfallowing (F) is traditionally used to reduce the water deficit associated with cereal production, but frequent use of this practice results in soil degradation and reduces the N-supplying capacity of soils. Some scientists suggest that an annual legume green manure crop (LGM) could be used as a partial-fallow replacement to protect the soil against erosion and increase its N fertility, particularly when combined with a snow-trapping technique to replenish soil water used by the legume. We assessed this possibility by comparing yields, N economy, water use efficiency, and economic returns for hard red spring wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in rotation with Indianhead black lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) green manure (i.e., LGM-W-W) vs. that obtained in a traditional F-W-W system. Further, we assessed whether a change in manage ment of the LGM crop (i.e., moving to earlier seeding and earlier turn-down) was advantageous to the overall performance of this practice. The study was conducted over 12 yr (1988\uffe2\uff80\uff9399) on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Wheat stubble was left tall to trap snow, tillage was kept to a minimum, and the wheat was fertilized based on NO3 soil tests. When we examined results after 6 yr, we concluded that by waiting until full bloom to turn down the legume (usually late July or early August) so as to maximize N2 fixation, soil water was being depleted to the detriment of yields of the following wheat crop. The change in management of the LGM crop since 1993 resulted in wheat yields following LGM equaling those after fallow (due to improved water use efficiency), a gradual and significant increase over time in grain protein and in N yield of aboveground plant biomass of wheat in the LGM-W-W compared to the F-W-W system, plus a gradual decrease in fertilizer N requirements of wheat in the LGM system accompanying an improvement in the N supplying power of the soil. These savings in N fertilizer, together with savings in tillage and herbicide costs for weed control on partial-fallow vs. conventional-fallow areas, and higher revenues from the enhanced grain protein, more than offset the added costs for seed and management of the LGM crop. Thus, our results imply that, if producers seed the LGM in April and turn it down in early July, an annual LGM-cereal rotation is a viable option in the semiarid Canadian prairies; however, one negative consequence of adopting this management strategy is the possibility of enhancing NO3 leaching. Key words: Nitrogen yields, grain protein, green fallow, summerfallow substitute, economic returns, NO3 leaching </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "F. Selles, Yantai Gan, Robert P. Zentner, V. O. Biederbeck, Paul G. Jefferson, Reynald Lemke, C. A. Campbell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/p02-188", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/p02-188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "A global map of microbial residence time", "description": "unspecified<strong>Data</strong> <strong>sources</strong> This study was based on the soil microbial metabolic quotient dataset in\u00a0Xu et al. (2017), which synthesized data spanning from 1970 to 2016. In this study, we further updated that dataset to 2020. The same criteria for data compilation in Xu et al (2017) have been applied to update the dataset in this study. Specifically, we searched publications in Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/) using the keyword combinations of \u201cbasal respiration\u201d, \u201csoil microbial biomass\u201d, \u201csoil microbial turnover rate\u201d, \u201csoil microbial metabolic quotient\u201d, and \u201csoil microbial residence time\u201d. We screened the papers via following criteria: 1) both soil basal respiration and microbial biomass C were reported; 2) any of soil microbial turnover rate, soil microbial metabolic quotient, and MRT estimated based on basal respiration rate in lab conditions was clearly reported; 3) no contamination and disturbance occurred during sampling; and 4) lab incubation for basal respiration is less than 40 days as long incubation experiments may cause a shift in microbial community, which does not represent MRT in the sampled soils. Collectively, the final dataset included 2627 observations retrieved from 232 papers, covering 9 biomes (i.e., boreal forest, temperate broadleaf forest, temperate coniferous forest, tropical/subtropical forest, grassland, shrubland, bare soils/desert, natural wetlands, and cropland) (<b>Fig. 1</b>). Cropland, temperate broadleaf forest, grassland, and temperate coniferous forest accounted\u00a0for approximately 46%, 13%, 11%, and 9%, respectively, whereas all other biomes combined accounted for 21% of the whole dataset. The majority of the field sites are located in Europe, Asia, and North America, whereas a relatively small number of observations are from South America, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. For data points without coordinate information reported, we searched the geographical coordinates based on the names of the study site, city, state, and country. The geographical information was further used for locating the sampling points on the global map to extract climate, edaphic properties, vegetation productivity, and soil microclimate long-term data from global datasets\u00a0(Xu et al. 2017). <strong>Climate, edaphic, vegetation, and microbial data</strong> Climatic, edaphic, vegetation, and microbial variables were not fully reported in published studies, we extracted such variables from global datasets following our previous studies (Xu et al. 2013, Xu et al. 2017, Guo et al. 2020, He et al. 2020). For climatic variables, we extracted mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) during 1970-2000 from the WorldClim database version 2 with the spatial resolution of 30 seconds (https://www.worldclim.org/data/worldclim21.html). In addition, we obtained monthly and annual mean soil moisture (SM) and soil temperature (ST) of top 10 cm during 1979-2018 from the NCEP/DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.gaussian.html). We also obtained the data of soil pH and soil texture (i.e., sand, silt, and clay) from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD, https://daac.ornl.gov/cgibin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=1247) at a spatial resolution of 0.05\u00b0 \u00d7 0.05\u00b0. Soil bulk density (BD), soil C, and total (TN) were extracted from the IGBP-DIS dataset (IGBP, https://daac.ornl.gov/SOILS/guides/igbp-surfaces.html), at a spatial resolution of 0.5\u2032 \u00d7 0.5\u2032. Root C density (Croot) data were extracted from the global dataset of a 0.5-degree resolution based on observational data (Gibbs and Ruesch 2008, Song et al. 2017). We extracted topsoil porosity data from a global dataset produced by Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS, https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/gldas/) at a spatial resolution of 0.25\u00b0 \u00d7 0.25\u00b0. Annual net primary productivity (NPP) for the period of 2000-2015 was obtained from the MODIS gridded dataset with a spatial resolution of 30 seconds (http://files.ntsg.umt.edu/data/NTSG_Products/). Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) were retrieved from a compiled global soil microbial biomass C and nitrogen (N) dataset archived at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Xu et al. 2015b). The auxiliary datasets used included the global land area database and global vegetation distribution dataset. The global vegetation distribution dataset was obtained from a spatial map of 11 major biomes: boreal forest, temperate forest, tropical/subtropical forest, mixed forest, grassland, shrubland, tundra, desert, natural wetlands, cropland, and pasture, which have been used in our previous publications (Xu et al. 2013, Xu et al. 2017, Guo et al. 2020, He et al. 2020). The global land area database was from the surface data map of 0.5\u00b0 \u00d7 0.5\u00b0 generated for E3SM (https://web.lcrc.anl.gov/public/e3sm/inputdata/lnd/clm2/surfdata_map/). To generate the global map of MRT, the global datasets of varied spatial resolutions were resampled to 0.5 degree using the \u201cbilinear\u201d algorithm. For datasets formatted as NetCDF, we performed the interpolation using the function of \u201clinint2_Wrap\u201d in NCAR Command Language (Version 6.3.0). For datasets in other formats, the interpolation was conducted using the platform of ArcGIS 10.6 (Esri, Redlands, CA, USA).\u00a0 <strong>Temperature correction for lab incubations</strong> Soil basal respiration is defined as the steady rate of respiration in soil, which originates from the mineralization of organic matter\u00a0(Bloem et al. 2005). The temperature response of basal respiration follows the exponential function\u00a0(Moyano et al. 2007). The sensitivity of microbial respiration to temperature is commonly described by Q<sub>10</sub>, a factor by which carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) production increases with a 10\u00b0C increase in temperature. Under steady\u2010state conditions, soil microbial biomass does not change over a long term. The specific growth rate of soil microbial community is equivalent to microbial biomass turnover rate, corresponding to its inverse as soil microbial biomass residence time as below, equation 1) where MRT is the microbial residence time, MBC is microbial biomass C, and BR is the basal respiration rate.\u00a0 Due to the differences between lab incubation temperature and\u00a0<i>in situ</i>\u00a0soil temperature, temperature correction is necessary for comparing estimated MRT across studies in a quantitative manner. We adjusted the reported basal respiration to their long-term (1979-2018) average ST following the equation 2. This function has been previously used to mathematically simulate the temperature dependence of microbial respiration\u00a0(Rey and Jarvis 2006, Wei et al. 2014). The corrections were performed under the assumption that basal respiration is temperature dependent, while soil microbial biomass remains unchanged during the typically short soil incubations. equation 2) where T<sub>1</sub>\u00a0and T<sub>2</sub>\u00a0are temperatures in Celsius,\u00a0\u00a0is basal respiration at a given temperature of T<sub>2</sub>,\u00a0\u00a0is the estimated basal respiration at T<sub>1</sub>, and Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0is the temperature sensitivity parameter. Temperature sensitivity of Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0is an important parameter in modeling temperature effects on basal respiration. In the past several decades, Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0has been extensively investigated. Experimental studies ubiquitously indicated large spatial heterogeneity of Q<sub>10</sub>. It has been found that Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0is not a constant, the reported Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0values were different among soils and ecosystems\u00a0(Davidson et al. 1998, Wang et al. 2019). Despite the uncertainties in Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0values, a fixed Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0of 2.0 has gained wide acceptance in modelling ecosystem respiration responses to climate change\u00a0(Sistla et al. 2014, Xu et al. 2014). Although the Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0values are commonly reported as 2.0, the reported values varied among studies, ranging from 1.4 to 2.6\u00a0(Mahecha et al. 2010, Wang et al. 2010, Hamdi et al. 2013, Wang et al. 2019, Li et al. 2020). To fully consider the variations in reported Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0values among studies, we therefore selected seven Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0values (i.e., 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, and 2.6) with an interval of 0.2 within 1.4-2.6 centered around 2.0 to calibrate basal respiration from lab incubation temperature to\u00a0<i>in situ</i>\u00a0soil temperature. In the dataset, there were seventeen studies without explicit incubation temperature indicated. The\u00a0ISO 16072 (2002)recommends an incubation temperatures range of 20-30\u00b0C. The incubation temperature is closely associated with Q<sub>10</sub>values, and the Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0value of 25\u00b0C was proved to be a threshold incubation temperature for smaller variations in Q<sub>10</sub>values. A significant decrease occurs in Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0values when temperature was less than 25\u00b0C. When incubation temperature was above 25\u00b0C, the mean Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0remained relatively constant\u00a0(Wang et al. 2019). Therefore, for studies without incubation temperature reported, we performed the temperature correction for lab incubations assuming an incubation temperature of 25\u00b0C. <strong>Model selection</strong> The MRT exhibited clear biogeographic patterns, indicating the important role of environmental factors on MRT distribution (<b>Fig. S1-6</b>,\u00a0<b>Fig. 2</b>). Therefore, we created a generalized linear model to quantify the independent and interactive impacts of soil microbes (MBC and MBN), climate (MAP and MAT), soil microclimate (ST and SM), vegetation (NPP and C<sub>root</sub>), and edaphic properties (silt, sand, soil pH, BD, topsoil porosity, soil C, and TN) on the MRT. Based on the generalized linear model, we further built an empirical model for the mean MRT by selecting the most important factors in explaining the variation in the mean MRT. To identify the most important factors in explaining the variation in the mean MRT, we repeatedly removed the least important variables (&lt;0.1%) from the generalized linear model. Finally, we selected 23 most important variables in explaining the variations in mean MRT. In addition, we randomly splitting the dataset to two portions. A portion (75%) of data were used to train the model; and other 25% was used for model validation. The selected empirical model explained 32% of the variation in mean MRT, and it had the formula: log<sub>10</sub>\u00a0(MRT) = -1.529 - 0.04866 * MAT + 0.01663 * soil C + 3.04 * topsoil porosity + 0.01047 * sand - 0.01197 * pH + 0.1618 * C<sub>root</sub>\u00a0+ 0.0774 * BD - 0.01122 * ST - 0.00003072 * sand * NPP - 0.3789 * C<sub>root</sub>\u00a0* topsoil porosity + 2.061 * BD * SM + 0.01182 * MAT * pH - 0.001064 * MAT * C<sub>root</sub>\u00a0+ 0.0007919 * C<sub>root</sub>\u00a0* MBN + 0.001077 * sand * C<sub>root</sub>\u00a0- 0.0001516 * sand * ST + 0.002041 * NPP * topsoil porosity + 0.0000003703 * NPP * BD * MAP - 0.000002451 * topsoil porosity * MAP * MBC - 0.002437 * MAT * SM * silt + 0.001634 * MAT * SM * MBN - 0.00002335 * C<sub>root</sub>\u00a0* MAP * SM - 0.00005116 * MAT * NPP * topsoil porosity. After the model was developed, we used 25% of the data that were not used in model development to validate the model, and we found a significant consistency between model prediction and observed data (<b>Fig. S7</b>). We generated the global map of mean MRT by applying the empirical model and the related global maps of biotic and environmental variables (<b>Fig. 3</b>). Given the large uncertainties in MRT for desert and natural wetland soils, we excluded deserts and natural wetlands from efforts in mapping, uncertainty analysis, and biome-level comparison. To guarantee the feasibility of the simulated MRT, we used the 95% confidence interval of the synthesized dataset to confine the simulated value in the global map of MRT. To test the accuracy of MRT simulated in the global map, we compared the modeled results against the observed data at multiple levels (i.e., plot-, site-, and biome-levels) (<b>Fig. 4</b>).\u00a0 <strong>Uncertainty analysis</strong> To estimate the parameter-induced uncertainties in MRT distribution, we used an improved Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) approach to quantify variations in MRT. The LHS approach is able to randomly produce an ensemble of parameter combinations with a high efficiency. This approach has been widely used to estimate uncertainties in model outputs\u00a0(Haefner 2005, Xu 2010, Xu et al. 2014). Specifically, we assumed all parameters of the empirical model followed a normal distribution. Then, we used the LHS algorithm to randomly select an ensemble of 3000 parameter sets for variables listed in\u00a0<b>Table S1</b>\u00a0using the function of improvedLHS in the R package \u201clhs\u201d\u00a0(Carnell\u00a02019). Next, we computed the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution of 3000 parameter sets using norminv function in MATLAB 2018b (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA). Finally, we calculated the biome-averages and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of MRT for reporting (<b>Table 2</b>). <strong>Statistical analysis</strong> We first tested the normality of data distribution using the function of shapiro.test in the R package \u201cstats\u201d\u00a0(R Core Team 2018). Due to the violation of normality, we performed a base 10 logarithm transformation for MRT corrected to long-term ST using seven Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0values. Therefore, the log-transformed MRT using multiple Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0values were used for comparison among biomes. The mean and 95% confidence boundaries of MRT were transformed back to the original values for reporting (<b>Table 1</b>). For the investigation of the biogeographic pattern, the identification of environmental controls, and the selection of the empirical model for MRT, we used the mean of MRT calibrated with seven Q<sub>10</sub>\u00a0values for data analysis. To create the generalized linear models for quantifying the environmental controls and building the empirical model (<b>Fig. 2</b>,\u00a0<b>Table S1</b>), we constructed the generalized linear model using the function of glm in the R package \u201cstats\u201d\u00a0(R Core Team 2018). We used Akaike information criterion as a model selection criterion. Before conducting the generalized linear model, we tested the multicollinearity for the variables within and among each variable group, i.e., climate, soil microclimate, edaphic properties, vegetation, and soil microbes, and we found no significant multicollinearity (variance inflation factor &lt; 5). In addition, a structural equation model was built to depict the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors on mean MRT (<b>Fig. S6</b>). The structural equation model was constructed using R package \u201clavaan\u201d\u00a0(Rosseel 2012). All statistical analyses were performed and relevant figures were plotted using \u201cagricolae\u201d\u00a0(de Mendiburu 2019), \u201cmultcomp\u201d\u00a0(Hothorn et al. 2016), \u201csoiltexture\u201d\u00a0(Moeys 2018), \u201cVennDiagram\u201d\u00a0(Chen and Boutros 2011), \u201cggplot2\u201d\u00a0(Wickham et al. 2016), and \u201cbasicTrendline\u201d\u00a0(Mei et al. 2018)\u00a0packages in R version 3.5.3 for Mac OS X (https://www.r-project.org).\u00a0<b>Fig. 1</b>\u00a0and\u00a0<b>Fig. 3</b>\u00a0were produced with NCAR Command Language (version 6.3.0) and ArcGIS (version 10.6), respectively.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "He, Liyuan, Xu, Xiaofeng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO2 (ambient CO2 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93September) and lower values in the dry season (October\uffe2\uff80\uff93March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO2] and N addition (p&lt;0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO2] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater than the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 \uffc2\uffb1 0.08, 4.54 \uffc2\uffb1 0.10, 3.56 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 and 3.53 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 kg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO2] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO2] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qi Deng, Shuangquan Liu, Honglang Duan, Guoyi Zhou, Juxiu Liu, Dainan Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:51Z", "type": "Other", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Mediterranean soils under climate change: a drying-rewetting experiment with 14C-labelled glucose", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Drying-rewetting cycles (DRC) affect litter and soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and mineralization, especially in Mediterranean ecosystems. Global climate change is expected to increase drought periods as well as heavy precipitation frequency, which in turn will increase soils DRC. However, the effects of DRC on the functioning of microbial communities and dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remain elusive. Here, we investigate the effects of climate-change on organic carbon turnover rates based on a DRC approach.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Composite &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;dehesa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; soil samples (0-10 cm) (Pozoblanco, C&amp;amp;#243;rdoba, Spain) were taken from three forced climatic treatment plots (W: warming (heat increase); D: drought (water restriction); C: Control). The plots were installed 4 yrs ago under two distinct habitats: evergreen oak canopy (designated as &amp;amp;#8216;tree&amp;amp;#8217;) and in the open pasture (&amp;amp;#8216;open&amp;amp;#8217;). The soil samples were incubated for 26-days at a constant moisture (40% of water-holding capacity, WHC) and labelled &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C-glucose (150 % of C from microbial biomass). Afterwards, to simulate drought in nature, &amp;amp;#190; of each sample were dried and further four rewetting treatments were established: 1) constant-moisture at 40% WHC, 2) slow DRC with 5-days water addition to 40% WHC, 3) fast DRC with all water added during the first day of the experiment, and 4) dry DRC with 7-days drying and no rewetting. Following DRC period, there was an extended incubation (26 d in total), where samples were taken at three times after rewetting (4, 7 and 26 days) for further analyses. Total and &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C-glucose-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass (MBC), C, N and P related enzymatic activities, and other parameters of microbial growth were measured. During the incubation period total and &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C-CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2 &amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;were also monitored.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The results obtained and the discussion of the DRC effects detected and main threads regarding climate change in Mediterranean &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;dehesa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; agroforestal system such as increasing temperatures and drought events on microbial biomass, respiration and C turnover, will be detailed. Changes in DRC can alter organic C mineralization, in turn such effect can strongly depend on previous field-induced conditions in Mediterranean savannas. In addition, our results will help to understand the responses of soil MBC and DOC to DWC in Mediterranean ecosystems and could improve the prediction of CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emission under a changing environment in the future.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Acknowledgment:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; EU-EJC 2&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;nd&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Call Projects MIXROOT-C and MAXROOT-C. L.M. San Emeterio thanks Ministerio de Ciencia Innovaci&amp;amp;#243;n y Universidades (MICIU) FPI research grant (BES-2017-07968) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for funding. A.M. Carmona, M.D. Hidalgo, P. Campos and K. Schmidt are acknowledged for technical assistance.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10179987", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic soil surveys across Flanders", "description": "This dataset contains geospatial data of organic soils in wetlands and valleys across the Flemish region (Belgium). It is a compilation of several surveys, mainly commissioned by Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos (ANB), Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij (VMM) and Natuurpunt to map the presence of shallow organic soil layers for conservation purposes. Organic layer depth was mapped by pushing a (pvc) rod into the organic ground until it hits a resistance or mineral layer, then recording the depth and the geographical position with a handheld gps.\u00a0This method allows a quick and cost-effective survey of large shallow carbon stocks. At several locations additional auger boring sample data and electrical conductivity-probe sample data was included in the dataset.Since the majority of the samples were not analysed on carbon content, soils were defined as 'organic soils'.Dataset maintained by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest/INBO For any inquiries, please contact Tom.dedobbelaer@inbo.be or Cecile.herr@inbo.be. The .csv will be updated as required to correct issues or to add data from additional surveys. Please check for updated versions periodically. Data description  location: inventory location name year: year of survey Sample_ID: Point-ID given during survey, not unique Unique_ID: Unique point-ID created for this dataset EPSG_31370_X: X-coordinaat in EPSG 31370 (Lambert72), rounded to the closest meter EPSG_31370_Y: Y-coordinaat in EPSG 31370 (Lambert72), rounded to the closest meter stratigraphy: stratigraphy of the organic layer (near surface, substrate) organic_layer_notation: indicates if depth is a value or within a range organic_layer_depth: depth of the organic layer, measured from surface level (in cm) sign: certain surveys mention a sign indicating if the actual depth is equal to or bigger then the given depth (e.g. when the measuring rod is too short or damaged during a survey) method: method used to define organic layer depth source: indicates the source of the data, it can be original field data or derived data from a map. comment_soil: field comment given during survey (in Dutch) contractor: contractor of the survey awarding authority: commissioner of the survey", "keywords": ["carbon stock", "Flanders", "peatland", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "organic soil", "wetlands"], "contacts": [{"organization": "De Dobbelaer, Tom, Herr, C\u00e9cile, De Becker, Piet, Van Ballaer, Siege,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10179987"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10179987", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10179987", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10179987"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3247592", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Daily cycles in soil carbon flux", "description": "<strong>Description: </strong> Measurements of 24 hour cycles in soil CO2 flux taken from soil collars in the Belian Carbon plot at Maliau. Measurements were taken from 12 subplots over four days at 5-hourly intervals, ensuring good coverage of the complete 24 hour cycle. Air and soil temperatures, soil moisture content and CO2 flux were taken from each plot at each visit. 9 subplots only have a single total soil respiration collar, but 3 subplots also have soil flux partitioning treatments to separate contributions to total respiration from soil organic matter, mycorrhizae and roots.<br> <br> This data was collected by the 2019 cohort of the Tropical Forest Ecology MRes at Imperial College London. <strong>Project: </strong>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <strong>MRes Tropical Forest Ecology Field Course</strong> <strong>XML metadata: </strong>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here <strong>Files: </strong>This dataset consists of 2 files: Carbon_corrected_slopes.xlsx, raw_egm.zip <strong>Carbon_corrected_slopes.xlsx</strong> This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables: <strong>24 hour observations of CO2 flux patterns</strong> (described in worksheet Carbon_flux_data) Description: Estimated CO2 flux values, soil moisture and air and soil temperatures from Carbon subplots Number of fields: 14 Number of data rows: 296 Fields: <strong>record_no</strong>: EGM 'Plot' value - record number on EGM machine for this collar (Field type: ID) <strong>plot</strong>: Carbon subplot number (Field type: Location) <strong>date</strong>: Calendar date that measurements taken (Field type: Date) <strong>time</strong>: Time that measurements taken (Field type: Time) <strong>soil_wmc</strong>: Soil water moisture content (Field type: Numeric) <strong>soil_temp</strong>: Soil temperature (Field type: Numeric) <strong>air_temp</strong>: Air temperature (Field type: Numeric) <strong>treatment</strong>: Exclusion treatments for partitioning soil respiration components (Field type: Categorical) <strong>field_flux</strong>: CO2 flux reported in the field by EGM (Field type: Numeric) <strong>Source</strong>: EGM dat file of source data used for corrected fluxes where available (Field type: File) <strong>corrected_flux</strong>: Corrected flux measurements using by eye exclusion of raw flux data (Field type: Numeric) <strong>n_points</strong>: Number of points in EGM record (Field type: Numeric) <strong>n_used</strong>: Number of points used for corrected slope estimation (Field type: Numeric) <strong>flux</strong>: Final flux values, using corrected values where available (Field type: Numeric) <strong>EGM raw data</strong> (described in worksheet EGM_raw_data) Description: Duplicates key information from raw EGM files and indicates points excluded in calculation of corrected flux values Number of fields: 7 Number of data rows: 7114 Fields: <strong>Plot</strong>: EGM recorder 'plot' code, actually just the record sequence number. (Field type: ID) <strong>RecNo</strong>: EGM record number - time points of gas measurement at a single plot (Field type: ID) <strong>Datetime</strong>: Time of gas concentration measurement (Field type: Datetime) <strong>CO2.Ref</strong>: Measured CO2 (Field type: Numeric) <strong>Input.E</strong>: EGM internal variable used in slope estimation (Field type: Numeric) <strong>Source</strong>: Original EGM dat file containing the flux data (Field type: File) <strong>ignore</strong>: Indicates where points from raw data excluded from corrected slope calculations (Field type: Categorical) <strong>raw_egm.zip</strong> Description: Zipfile of raw EGM dat files <strong>Date range: </strong>2019-02-18 to 2019-02-21 <strong>Latitudinal extent: </strong>4.7467 to 4.7480 <strong>Longitudinal extent: </strong>116.9693 to 116.9704", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "soil CO2 flux", "24 hour cycle", "partitioning", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "630"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Orme, C David L, Riutta, Terhi, Fraser, Adam, Mackintosh, Emma, Vollans, Maisie, Graves, Kristina, Roxby, Gabrielle, Baynham, Georgina, Noble, Ciar, Adzhar, Rahayu, MacLean, Catherine, Martin, Stephanie, McKinlay, Amelia, Poznansky, Frederica, Prairie, Aaron, Brasington, Ella, Wiederkehr, Fabienne,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3247592"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3247592", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3247592", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3247592"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:32Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic matter content (om) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin", "description": "UPDATE: WE FOUND A RENDERING ERROR IN MANY AREAS OF THE 5 CM MAP. WE HAVE RECREATED THE MAP AND INCLUDED IN A NEW VERSION OF THE REPOSITORY. Repository includes maps of organic matter content (% wt) as defined by United States soil survey program. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds. Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal. File Name Details: ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (_CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are &gt;3000). Predictions are also evaluated with the U.S. soil survey laboratory database soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The SOC measurements were coverted to OM matter values using the common 1.724 conversion factor. The converted OM values are compared to predicted OM values using an accuracy plot (OM_SOC_plots.tif). Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence: property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension Example: om_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif Indicates soil organic matter content (om) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling. The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below). _95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI. References Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "digital soil mapping", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "predictive soil mapping", "soil property mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nauman, Travis", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6320652", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:40Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "MOSSO_SoilChemistry_HistoricalSites_Annual_2008-2020", "description": "<strong>Abstract</strong> The dataset provides information about the soil chemical properties at two permanent LTER sites (named site 1 and 3, according to the LTER site numerations). The investigated period is 2008-2020. Details: Site 1 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'22.43'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'25.84'E; elevation: 2840 m a.s.l.) and Site 3 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'13.52'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'35.01'E; elevation: 2770 m a.s.l.). The bedrock is primarily micaschists, with some inclusions of amphibolites and calcschists. The vegetation of the sites is included in the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdSiliceous alpine and boreal grasslands\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd (habitat 6150, according to the EU Habitat Directive). At each site, consisting of paired plots for soil and vegetation survey, three 9 m<sup>2 </sup>plots are established, where three topsoil samples (A horizon, 0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd10 cm depth) are collected annually at the end of the snow-free season (September). On soil samples the following analysis are performed: N-NH4, N-NO3, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), microbial carbon (Cmicr), and microbial nitrogen (Nmicr). <strong>Method Description</strong> Each soil sample consists of three subsamples that are homogenised by sieving at 2 mm. An aliquot of 20 g of fresh soil is extracted with 100 mL K2SO4 0.5 M, while 10 g are fumigated using chloroform for 18 h before extraction with 50 mL K2SO4 0.5 M. The concentration of DOC in not fumigated soil extracts (extractable DOC) is determined with a TOC analyzer (Elementar, Vario TOC, Hanau, Germany) after filtration with 0.45 \ufffd\ufffdm nylon membrane filters. The microbial carbon (Cmicr) is estimated as the difference in extractable DOC between fumigated and non-fumigated samples, corrected using a recovery factor of 0.45 (Brookes et al. 1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90144-0). Extractable N-NH4 concentration in soil extracts is measured spectrophotometrically (U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) using a modified Berthelot method based on the reaction with salicylate in the presence of alkaline sodium dichloroisocyanurate (Crooke and Simpson 1971, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740220104). Extractable N-NO3 concentration in soil extracts is measured spectrophotometrically (U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) using the Greiss reaction (Mulvaney 1996, ISBN-10: \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 0891188258; ISBN-13: \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 978-0891188254) modified according to Cucu et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-013-0893-4). Extractable TDN is measured as reported for DOC. Extractable DON is determined as the difference between extractable TDN and inorganic nitrogen (extractable N-NH4 + N-NO3) in the extracts. Nmicr is estimated from the difference in extractable TDN between fumigated and non-fumigated samples corrected using a recovery factor of 0.54 (Brookes et al. 1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90144-0). <strong>Instrumentation</strong> Spectrophotometer U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan (N-NH4 and N-NO3) Elementar, Vario TOC, Hanau, Germany (DOC and TDN)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Freppaz, Michele, Colombo, Nicola,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6320652"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6320652", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6320652", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6320652"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:58Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5846/stxb201204050476", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-19", "description": "Increasing atmospheric nitrogen(N) deposition caused by human activities significantly changes carbon cycles and carbon budgets in terrestrial ecosystems.Compared with plant carbon pools,soil pools are more complex in their components and they respond in a variety of ways to N addition.Thus,contrasting conclusions have been reached as to the consequences of N addition for carbon storage in N-limited forest and grassland ecosystems including promotion,no change and inhibition.Alpine meadows are a N-limited grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,where plants and soil microorganisms have adapted to the environment of low available N.N addition might be expected to affect inputs and outputs of soil organic carbon(SOC) via changing returns of plant residues and soil CO2 release.However,a related study of this ecosystem has not so far been carried out.To assess the effects of atmospheric N deposition on SOC dynamics and the stability of an alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,a multi-form,low-level N addition experiment was conducted at the Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station in 2007.Three N fertilizers,NH4Cl,(NH4)2SO4,and KNO3,were added at four rates: control(0 kg N \u00b7 hm-2 \u00b7 a-1),low N(10 kg N \u00b7 hm-2 \u00b7 a-1),medium N(20 kg N \u00b7 hm-2 \u00b7 a-1),and high N(40 kg N \u00b7 hm-2 \u00b7 a-1).Each N treatment had three replicates.Each plot had an area of 9 m2(3 m \u00d7 3 m) and a 2 m isolation band was established between adjacent plots.During the 2010 growing season,soil samples were collected to 30cm depth at 10cm intervals in mid-May,July and September.The contents of three size SOC fractions,coarse particulate organic carbon(CPOC,250\u03bcm),fine particulate organic carbon(Fine POC,53\u2014250\u03bcm) and mineral associated organic carbon(MOC,53\u03bcm) as well as POC/MOC ratios were measured to examine the dynamics,shifts and stability of SOC caused by N addition.Soil POC in the alpine meadow mainly accumulated in the top 10cm and accounted for more than 64% of the total SOC content,reflecting the lability and poor stability of the soil organic matter.Three-year N addition significantly changed the contents of soil CPOC,FPOC and MOC,and there were significant differences between various N levels,rather than N forms.Both soil POC and MOC responded in contrasting ways to N addition in the early,end and peak of the growing season,suggesting that temporal variability in the dynamics of SOC components responded to N addition.N addition tended to increase soil CPOC and FPOC contents in the peak of the growing season,while significantly reducing them in the early and end of the growing season.However,soil MOC content responded insensitively to N addition.N addition also significantly lowered the topsoil POC/MOC ratio in the early growing season,suggesting an increase in the stability of SOC.These results suggest that increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the future may cause significant short-term changes in soil organic carbon composition and stability in the alpine meadow due to its lability.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201204050476"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Ecologica%20Sinica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5846/stxb201204050476", "name": "item", "description": "10.5846/stxb201204050476", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5846/stxb201204050476"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:34Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2022-04-02", "title": "Additional file 1 of Rhizosheath\u2013root system changes exopolysaccharide content but stabilizes bacterial community across contrasting seasons in a desert environment", "description": "Additional file 1. Result S1. Analysis of rhizosheath sand composition. Result S2. Analysis of cultivable bacteria. Table S1. Climatic conditions throughout the year in Ksar Ghilane, Sahara Desert (Tunisia); data elaborated from https://www.worldweatheronline.com ; data as reported as monthly average measurement from January 2019 to now. Table S2. List of FISH probes used and conditions applied; probe sequence (5\u2019-3\u2019), attached fluorochrome (fluor.), bacterial target group, percentage of formaldehyde (FA) used during treatment, and references are also reported. Table S3. Number of KTUs and sequences used for each sample. RH: rhizosphere, RS: rhizosheath, RT: root tissue, BS: bulk sand. Table S4. Humidity (RH%) and temperature (T\u00b0C) measured in summer (June, 2016) and winter (November, 2016) for bulk sand and belowground speargrasses (i.e., plant rhizosheath\u2013root system, RS). Table S5. Physico-chemical analyses conducted on bulk sand (BS) and rhizosheath matrix (RS) collected in summer (S) and winter (W). Table S6. PERMANOVA pair-wise comparison test of physico-chemical conditions (Table S5) in rhizosheath (RS) and bulk sand (BS) collected during summer (S) and winter (W) seasons. Table S7. Multivariate test (pairwise comparison) of beta-diversity associated with root tissue, rhizosheath, rhizosphere, and bulk sand. Table S8. Mean and standard error of multivariate dispersions from centroid calculated for each compartment (within-betadiversity). Table S9. Relative importance of different ecological processes in the assembly of bacterial community associated with the rhizosheath-root system compartments and bulk sand in two contrasting seasons. Table S10. Generalized linear model univariate test indicates the KTUs contributing to the difference in bulk soil among summer and winter. Table S11. Tukey\u2019s honest significance difference (TukeyHSD) pairwise comparison tests for the degree, betweenness and keystone species detected across the four co-occurrence networks, namely bulk sand winter, bulk sand winter summer, rhizosheath\u2013root system winter and rhizosheath\u2013root system summer. Table S12. List of bacterial isolates, PGP activity, and abiotic resistance tested in vitro. Figure S1. Stipagrostis pungens rhizosheath-root system. Figure S2. Rarefaction curves of bacterial reads obtained by pair-ends MiSeq Illumina sequencing in bulk sand, rhizosheath, rhizosphere, and root tissues. Figure S3. Visualization of Stipagrostis pungens rhizosheath with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Figure S4. SEM images and electron micrographs of the sand grains and root tissue within the rhizosheath of Stipagrostis pungens using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to reveal chemical composition. Figure S5. Localization of bacteria in rhizosheath-root system by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Figure S6. Bacterial KTUs distribution across samples. Figure S7. Venn diagram shows the distribution of bacterial KTUs across compartment categories. Figure S8. Alpha diversity expressed as richness (number of KTUs) and Shannon diversity across the compartment categories. Figure S9. Quantification of betadiversity components in bulk sand bacterial communities across seasons (summer and winter). Figure S10. Alpha diversity expressed as richness (number of KTUs) and Shannon diversity across the compartments in summer and winter. Figure S11. Venn diagrams showing the number of KTUs present in summer and/or in winter in each compartment category. Figure S12. Analysis of 2-fold change was performed to evaluate the KTUs that had a significantly (p &lt; 0.01) different relative abundance (2-fold change) over summer and winter. Figure S13. Taxonomy of co-occurrence network degrees in bulk sand and rhizosheath matrix across seasons. Figure S14. Microcosms to evaluate sand wettability in vitro. Evaluation of sand weight at 48 h and along the entire incubation (0, 24 and 48 h).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marasco, Ramona, Fusi, Marco, Mosqueira, Maria, Booth, Jenny Marie, Rossi, Federico, Cardinale, Massimiliano, Michoud, Gr\u00e9goire, Rolli, Eleonora, Mugnai, Gianmarco, Vergani, Lorenzo, Borin, Sara, De Philippis, Roberto, Cherif, Ameur, Daffonchio, Daniele,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "name": "item", "description": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/247957", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:55Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "The SPLASH Action Group &amp;#8211; Towards standardized sampling strategies along the soil-to-hydrosystems continuum in permafrost landscapes", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;The Action Group called &amp;amp;#8216;Standardized methods across Permafrost Landscapes: from Arctic Soils to Hydrosystems&amp;amp;#8217; (SPLASH), funded by the International Permafrost Association, is a community-driven effort aiming to provide a suite of standardized field strategies for sampling mineral and organic components in soils, sediments, surface water bodies and coastal environments across permafrost landscapes. This unified approach will allow data to be shared and compared, thus improving our understanding of the processes occurring during lateral transport in circumpolar Arctic watersheds. This is an international and transdisciplinary effort aiming to provide a fieldwork &amp;amp;#8220;tool box&amp;amp;#8221; of the most relevant sampling schemes and sample conservation procedures for mineral and organic permafrost pools.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;With climate change, permafrost soils are undergoing drastic transformations. B&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;oth localized abrupt thaw (thermokarst) and gradual ecosystem shifts (e.g., active layer thickening, vegetation changes) drive changes in hydrology and biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nutrients, and contaminants). Mineral and organic components interact along the &amp;amp;#8220;lateral continuum&amp;amp;#8221; (i.e., from soils to aquatic systems) changing their composition and reactivity across the different interfaces. The circumpolar Arctic region is characterized by high spatial heterogeneity (e.g., geology, topography, vegetation, and ground-ice content) and large inter-annual and seasonal variations in local climate and biophysical processes. Common sampling strategies, applied in different seasons and locations, could help to tackle the spatial and temporal complexity inextricably linked to biogeochemical processes. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;This unified approach developed in permafrost landscapes will allow us to overcome the following challenges: (1) identifying interfaces where detectable changes in mineral and organic components occur; (2) allowing spatial comparison of these detectable changes; and (3) capturing temporal (inter-/intra-annual) variations at these interfaces. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;In order to build on the great effort to better assess the permafrost feedback to climate change, there is an urgent need for a set of community-based protocols to capture changes the dynamics of organics and minerals during their lateral transport. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Here, we present the first results from an online survey recently conducted among researchers from different disciplines. The survey inputs provide valuable information about the common approaches currently applied along the &amp;amp;#8220;soil-to-hydrosystems&amp;amp;#8221; continuum and the specific challenges associated with permafrost studies. These results about the &amp;amp;#8216;WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, and HOW&amp;amp;#8217; of field sampling (e.g., sample collection, filtration, conservation...) allow for identifying the most relevant sampling strategies and also the current knowledge gaps. Finally, we present examples of the protocols available to investigate organic and mineral components from soils to marine environments,&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; on which a synoptic sampling strategy can be built. &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;ll forthcoming contributions from our community are still welcome, helping the SPLASH team &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;to&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;fill&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt; up the most adapted tool box to Arctic permafrost landscapes&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/247957"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/247957", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/247957", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/247957"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3232/sjss.2016.v6.n2.01", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-22", "title": "Is Anaerobic Mineralizable Nitrogen Suitable As A Soil Quality/Health Indicator?", "description": "<p>Soil organic matter (SOM) and especially its labile fractions such as particulate organic matter (POM) are very sensitive to soil use and strongly influence soil ecosystem services. Particulate organic matter has been proposed as a soil quality/health indicator but its determination is tedious and time consuming (i.e. manhours). Anaerobic mineralizable nitrogen (AN) is closely related to the soil organic fraction and is very easily determined. Therefore, we proposed to evaluate AN as a soil quality/health indicator through the assessment of its relationship with SOM, POM, soil aggregate stability (AS), and maize (&lt;em&gt;Zea mays&lt;/em&gt; L.) relative yield (RY) under different long term soil uses for cropping at Balcarce, Argentina (37\uffc2\uffba 45\uffe2\uff80\uff99 14\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff99 S, 58\uffc2\uffba 17\uffe2\uff80\uff99 52\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff99 W). Soil samples had been taken at two depths (0-5 and 5-20 cm) in the fall of 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 from a long term tillage system (TS, conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT)) and nitrogen fertilization (NF, with and without nitrogen as fertilizer) experiment on a complex of Typic and Petrocalcic Argiudolls. Carbon contents in SOM (SOC), POM (POC) and AN were determined in all soil samples, whereas AS was determined in other soil samples taken in 2006, 2009 and 2012 from the arable layer (0-20 cm). Regardless of TS and NF, SOC, POC and AN decreased with time under cropping at both 5-20 and 0-20 cm. In the uppermost layer (0-5 cm) decreases of all three variables were observed only under CT. Anaerobically mineralized nitrogen variation related to SOC (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 0.59 - 0.78, &lt;em&gt;P &lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05) and especially POC (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.80-0.85, &lt;em&gt;P &lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05) variations. Likewise, changes in maize RY related better (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 0.92 and 0.95 (&lt;em&gt;P &lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05) for CT and NT, respectively) to variation in AN, than to SOC and POC variations. Besides, changes in the aggregate mean weight diameter (DMWD) related acceptably to AN at 0-20 cm (R&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;= 0.67, &lt;em&gt;P &lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05) and much better at 0-5 cm (R&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;= 0.86, &lt;em&gt;P &lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05). Both coefficients of determination were higher than those obtained relating DMWD to SOC or POC. Given the easiness of its determination, its sensitivity, and that it relates to the variation of different key soil parameters and crop behavior, AN could be proposed as an effective soil quality/health indicator. However, studies should be carried out taking into account a broader range of soil and management situations in order to validate the trends observed in this work.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3232/sjss.2016.v6.n2.01"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Spanish%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3232/sjss.2016.v6.n2.01", "name": "item", "description": "10.3232/sjss.2016.v6.n2.01", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3232/sjss.2016.v6.n2.01"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-18", "title": "Determining threshold values for root-soil water weighted plant water deficit index based smart irrigation", "description": "Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). Plant water deficit index (PWDI) represents the extent of water stress by relating soil moisture to the ability of a plant to take up water including consideration of the relative distribution of soil water to roots. However, for a smart irrigation decision support system, we are challenged in determining reliable thresholds of PWDI to initiate irrigation events to achieve predetermined yield and/or water use efficiency (WUE) targets. Taking drip irrigated maize and sprinkler irrigated alfalfa as examples, field experiments were conducted to investigate the choice and effects of PWDI thresholds. The results indicated that, with increasing PWDI thresholds, irrigation times and quantity of water, as well as crop transpiration, growth, and yield, were all significantly limited while WUE was enhanced except under extremely stressed conditions. To disconnect the unpredictable effects of other factors, yield and WUE were normalized to their corresponding potential values. Within the experimentally determined range of PWDI, relative yield and WUE were described with linear functions for maize, and linear and quadratic functions for alfalfa, allowing identification of the most efficient threshold value according to the objective parameter of choice. The method described can be adopted in smart irrigation decision support systems with consideration of spatial variability and after further verification and improvement under more complicated situations with various crop types and varieties, environmental conditions, cultivation modes, and wider or dynamic PWDI thresholds allowing regulated deficit irrigation. This research was supported partly by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE0118100, 2016YFD0200303), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201411009), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Yield", "PWDI", "Water stress", "Alfalfa", "Water use efficiency", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.294", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-14", "title": "Impact Assessment At The Bioenergy-Water Nexus", "description": "Abstract<p>Bioenergy expansion can significantly impact water resources in the region in which it occurs. Investment, policy, and resource management decisions related to bioenergy should therefore take this critical consideration into account. Water resource impacts can defy easy quantification because water consumption varies spatially and temporally, different water sources are not necessarily commensurable, and impact depends on the state of the resource base that is drawn upon. This perspective offers an assessment framework that operators and policy\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers can use in evaluating projects to avoid or mitigate detrimental effects. We adapt water footprint (WF) and life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques to the bioenergy context, describing comprehensive life cycle inventory (LCI) approaches that account for blue and green water use as well as for pollution effects, varying sources, coproduct allocation, and spatial heterogeneity. Impact assessment requires that characterization (weighting) factors be derived so that consumption values can be summed and compared across resources and locations. We recommend that characterization draw on metrics of water stress, accounting for environmental flow requirements, climatic variability, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linearity of water stress effects. Finally, we describe some location\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific impacts of concern that may not be revealed through common analytical approaches and may warrant closer consideration. \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kevin Fingerman, Stuart Orr, Brian Richter, P. Vugteveen, G\u00f6ran Berndes,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.294"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.294", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.294", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.294"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-04", "title": "Contribution Of Green Manure Legumes To Nitrogen Dynamics In Traditional Winter Wheat Cropping System In The Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract   Excessive application of N fertilizer in pursuit of higher yields is common due to poor soil fertility and low crop productivity. However, this practice causes serious soil depletion and N loss in the traditional wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China. Growing summer legumes as the green manure (GM) crop is a viable solution because of its unique ability to fix atmospheric N 2 . Actually, little is known about the contribution of GM N to grain and N utilization in the subsequent crop. Therefore, we conducted a four-year field experiment with four winter wheat-based rotations (summer fallow-wheat,  Huai  bean\u2013wheat, soybean\u2013wheat, and mung bean\u2013wheat) and four nitrogen fertilizer rates applied to wheat (0, 108, 135, and 162\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha) to investigate the fate of GM nitrogen via decomposition, utilization by wheat, and contribution to grain production and nitrogen economy through GM legumes. Here we showed that GM legumes accumulated 53\u201376\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha per year. After decomposing for approximately one year, more than 32\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha was released from GM legumes. The amount of nitrogen released via GM decomposition that was subsequently utilized by wheat was 7\u201327\u00a0kg N/ha. Incorporation of GM legumes effectively replaced 13\u201348% (average 31%) of the applied mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Additionally, the GM approach during the fallow period reduced the risk of nitrate-N leaching to depths of 0\u2013100\u00a0cm and 100\u2013200\u00a0cm by 4.8 and 19.6\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha, respectively. The soil nitrogen pool was effectively improved by incorporation of GM legumes at the times of wheat sowing. Cultivation of leguminous GM during summer is a better option than bare fallow to maintain the soil nitrogen pool, and decrease the rates required for N fertilization not only in the Loess Plateau of China but also in other similar dryland regions worldwide.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang Dabin, Yao Pengwei, Cao Weidong, Zhao Na, Yu Changwei, Gao Yajun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-18", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Fertilizers On Soil Organic Carbon Pools And Sequestration Rates In Maize-Wheat.-Cowpea Cropping System", "description": "Abstract   We assessed the impact of long-term manuring and fertilization on changes in different SOC fractions over ten\u00a0years period (1994\u20132003) in a Typic Haplustept under intensive cropping with maize ( Zea mays  L.) \u2014 wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) \u2014 cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) in semi-arid, sub-tropical India. The application of graded doses of NPK from 50% (130\u00a0kg N, 35\u00a0kg P and 41.5\u00a0kg K ha \u2212\u00a01 ) to 150% (390\u00a0kg N, 105\u00a0kg P and 124\u00a0kg K ha \u2212\u00a01 ) in the cropping system significantly enhanced SOC, particulate organic C (POC) and KMnO 4  oxidizable C (KMnO 4 \u2013C) fractions in soil. The increase in these C fractions was greater when farmyard manure (FYM) was applied conjointly with 100% NPK (260\u00a0kg N, 70\u00a0kg P and 83\u00a0kg K ha \u2212\u00a01 ). This treatment showed highest amount of SOC (58.3\u00a0Mg C ha \u2212\u00a01  in 1994 and 72.1\u00a0Mg C ha \u2212\u00a01  in 2003), POC (5.30\u00a0Mg C ha \u2212\u00a01  in 1994 and 6.33\u00a0Mg C ha \u2212\u00a01  in 2003) and KMnO 4 -C (10.05\u00a0Mg C ha \u2212\u00a01  in 1994 and 11.2\u00a0Mg C ha \u2212\u00a01  in 2003) in 0\u201345\u00a0cm soil depth. The C sequestration rate in SOC calculated over ten\u00a0year period (1994\u20132003) was highest with 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM (997\u00a0kg C ha \u2212\u00a01 \u00a0yr \u2212\u00a01 ) followed by the 150% NPK (553\u00a0kg C ha \u2212\u00a01 \u00a0yr \u2212\u00a01 ). It was estimated that 17.1 to 34.0% of the gross C input over ten\u00a0year period contributed towards the increase in SOC content, while C sequestration efficiency (CSE) in POC (varied between 1.28 and 2.58%) was lower than KMnO 4 -C (varied between 1.42 and 3.72%). The CSE was highest in 150% NPK treatment, while 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM showed the lowest CSE. By applying the values of humification constant ( h ) and decay constant ( k ) in Jenkinson's equation, it is possible to predict SOC level in the year 2003 and the C inputs required to maintain the SOC level in the year 1994 ( A  E ) were calculated from Jenkinson's equation. The low  k  value in native SOC was responsible for lower requirements of C input required to maintain SOC in equilibrium. Thus increase in SOC concentration under long-term maize\u2013wheat\u2013cowpea cropping was due to the fact that annual C input by the system was higher than  A  E . In semi-arid sub-tropical India, continuous adoption of 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM treatment in maize\u2013wheat\u2013cowpea cropping system might sequester 1.83\u00a0Tg C yr \u2212\u00a01  which corresponds to about 1% of the fossil fuel emissions by India.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. Rudrappa, S. Bhadraray, D. K. Singh, Anand Swarup, T.J. Purakayastha,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.2293", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-22", "title": "Long-Term Tillage And Cropping System Effects On Chemical And Biochemical Characteristics Of Soil Organic Matter In A Mediterranean Semiarid Environment", "description": "Abstract<p>Several studies have reported how tillage and cropping systems affect quantity, quality, and distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) along the profile. However, the effect of soil management on the chemical structure of SOM and on its hydrophobic and hydrophilic components has been little investigated. In this work, the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (19\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) effects of two cropping systems (wheat monoculture and wheat/faba bean rotation) and three tillage managements (conventional, reduced, and no tillage) on some chemical characteristics of SOM and their relationships with labile carbon (C) pools were evaluated. Soil samples were taken from the topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) of a Chromic Haploxerert (central Sicily, Italy). After 19\uffe2\uff80\uff89years of different tillage and cropping systems management, total organic C significantly differed among treatments with the labile organic C pools showing the greater amount in no till and in wheat/faba bean plots. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of SOM, determined by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, were mainly affected by cropping system, whereas aromatic components of SOM by tillage. Soil organic matter components and characteristics showed significant correlations with the soil biochemical parameters, confirming the expected synergism between chemical and biochemical properties. This study demonstrated that (i) no tillage and crop rotation improve the chemical and biochemical properties of SOM of Vertisols under semiarid environment; and (ii) tillage management and cropping systems have affected, after 19\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, more the chemical and biochemical properties of SOM than its quantity. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "3303 Development", "Soil Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Development", "6. Clean water", "2300 General Environmental Science", "10122 Institute of Geography", "13. Climate action", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "910 Geography & travel", "1111 Soil Science", "General Environmental Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2293"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.2293", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.2293", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.2293"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-22", "title": "Effects Of Warming, Summer Drought, And Co2 Enrichment On Aboveground Biomass Production, Flowering Phenology, And Community Structure In An Upland Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "Future climate scenarios predict simultaneous changes in environmental conditions, but the impacts of multiple climate change drivers on ecosystem structure and function remain unclear. We used a novel experimental approach to examine the responses of an upland grassland ecosystem to the 2080 climate scenario predicted for the study area (3.5A degrees C temperature increase, 20% reduction in summer precipitation, atmospheric CO2 levels of 600 ppm) over three growing seasons. We also assessed whether patterns of grassland response to a combination of climate change treatments could be forecast by ecosystem responses to single climate change drivers. Effects of climate change on aboveground production showed considerable seasonal and interannual variation; April biomass increased in response to both warming and the simultaneous application of warming, summer drought, and CO2 enrichment, whereas October biomass responses were either non-significant or negative depending on the year. Negative impacts of summer drought on production were only observed in combination with a below-average rainfall regime, and showed lagged effects on spring biomass. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on aboveground biomass during this study. Both warming and the 2080 climate change scenario were associated with a significant advance in flowering time for the dominant grass species studied. However, flowering phenology showed no significant response to either summer drought or elevated CO2. Species diversity and equitability showed no response to climate change treatments throughout this study. Overall, our data suggest that single-factor warming experiments may provide valuable information for projections of future ecosystem changes in cool temperate grasslands.", "keywords": ["free air CO2 enrichment", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "interannual variation", "vegetation dynamics", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland productivity", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-06", "title": "Characterization Of The Amino Acid Composition Of Soils Under Organic And Conventional Management After Addition Of Different Fertilizers", "description": "The classical nitrogen (N) cycling model has provided good understanding of inorganic N dynamics in agricultural soils, but largely ignores organic N available to plants. The ability of numerous crop plant species to take up and use amino acids underlines the importance of this N pool in agricultural systems; therefore, the soil free amino acids (FAA) pool was quantified in soils under organic (organic soil) and conventional (conventional soil) management after addition of different types of fertilizer. After application of the same amount of N as urea, alfalfa, rice straw, or compost\u00a0in the organic soils and urea or alfalfa in the conventional soils, water-extractable amino acid composition and concentrations, and inorganic and microbial N were measured during a 56 day soil incubation. Alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and valine were the most abundant soil FAA. Organic and conventional soils did not significantly differ in their soil FAA composition and concentrations. Urea significantly modified FAA composition, but only in organic soils, suggesting that urea disrupts microbial structure and/or metabolic pathways in organic soils. Alfalfa and compost did not alter FAA composition and concentrations, indicating that any pulses of amino acids from these materials are short lived. On the contrary, straw significantly increased FAA concentrations after 15\u00a0days, coinciding with an increase in microbial biomass N. FAA concentrations remain low and have a largely constant composition in both organic and conventional soils; however, the addition of some fertilizers can significantly alter FAA composition and concentrations, which may affect the importance of amino acid N in the total N budget of plants. These findings warrant further research into the mechanisms controlling soil FAA composition and concentration in agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mineralization", "Matter", "Forest Soils", "Field", "Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "910", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "Sorption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Forms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-03", "title": "Effects Of Pasture Management On Soil Fertility And Microbial Communities In The Semi-Arid Grasslands Of Inner Mongolia", "description": "Grasslands are an important ecosystem covering about a quarter of the earth\u2019s surface. Different management practices of grassland ecosystems can have a major impact on the sustainability of these ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different pasture management practices on soil properties and microbial communities in the semi-arid grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. Long-term experimental plots were established in the semi-arid grasslands of Inner Mongolia to study the effect of different grazing practices on soil properties and microbial communities. The treatments included (1) enclosure from grazing since 1983 (E83), (2) enclosure from grazing since 1996 (E96), and (3) continuous free grazing (FG). We collected the soil samples from these treatments to study soil properties and microbial biomass abundance and diversity. An incubation study was also conducted using soils from E96 and FG treatments to determine the growth responses of ammonia oxidizers to urea addition. Soil organic matter and total N increased when the grassland was enclosed from grazing, but soil fertility did not increase further with continued enclosure extending from 1996 to 1983. Enclosure also increased microbial biomass but did not significantly affect the microbial diversity. Both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) grew when supplied with urea-N, but the growth rate was higher in the soil from FG than in the soils from enclosed areas. The phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) of bacteria i15:0, 16:1 \u03c97c, 16:1 \u03c95c, 16:0, 18:1 \u03c97c, and actinomycetes 10-Me-16:0 used the most of the 13C-urea in both the E83 and FG soils. There was higher incorporation of 13C in PLFA 16:0 in the E83 soil after 3 and 7\u00a0days incubation, compared with the FG soil, suggesting higher metabolic activity in the E83 soil than the soil from the FG treatment. Most of the effects by the different pasture management practices were confined to the surface soil (0\u201320\u00a0cm), and there was minimal effect in the subsoils (below 20\u00a0cm). These results suggest that enclosure of grassland from grazing not only affects soil fertility but also microbial biomass and ammonia-oxidizing populations. Microbial communities are sensitive to pasture management changes, and these have implications to nutrient cycling and management in these grassland ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-08", "title": "Differential Responses Of Soil Bacterial Taxa To Long-Term P, N, And Organic Manure Application", "description": "Soil microorganisms and their interactions with environmental factors govern critical ecosystem processes. However, the changes of soil microbial communities (e.g., relative abundance changes of different phylotypes) and the links between specific environmental factors and microbial communities are not well understood. We applied high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to investigate the effects of mineral fertilizers P (superphosphate), N (urea), and NP and organic manure fertilizer (M) and its combined with mineral fertilizers (NM, PM, NPM) on bacterial and archaeal communities in rain-fed winter wheat soils in a 30-year experiment in the Loess Plateau of northwest China. Dramatic changes of soil respiration and the concentrations of total organic C, total N, and microbial biomass C and N were found in manure application soils (M, NM, PM, NPM) and some of them in NP soil. Soil microbial community structure shifted after fertilization, and a significant difference of prokaryotic community structure was found between mineral fertilizer soils (P, N, and NP) and manure application soils (M, NM, PM, NPM) except the soils between PM and P. The prokaryotic community structure in M soil was different from that in NM and NPM soils and differed between N and P and NP soils. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla (55.5\u201376.5\u00a0% of abundance) and, together with some other phyla, were changed by fertilization at the phylum or lower taxon ranks. No fertilizer soil had the highest relative abundances of phyla WS3 and Gemmatimonadetes. P soil changed the relative abundances of phyla Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia, but only enriched the bacteria at the family level (Micrococcaceae) when combined with N or M application (NP, PM, and NPM). Some copiotrophic bacteria showed different responses to nitrogen and manure applications, e.g., Actinobacteria increased in abundance in nitrogen application soils (N, NP, NM, and NPM), whereas Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria increased in abundance in manure application soils (M, NM, PM, and NPM). The above patterns of the relative abundance vs nitrogen or manure application were correlated to soil C and N contents or C/N ratio. These results supported the hypothesis that different bacterial taxa would be favorable in P, N, and manure application soils and suggested that the changes of bacteria taxa in fertilized soils appeared to be more driven by nitrogen and manure applications than P application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hongfei Ji, Ying Wang, Changqing Gao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-13", "title": "Biochar, Hydrochar And Uncarbonized Feedstock Application To Permanent Grassland\u2014Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Plant Growth", "description": "Abstract   Both reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration have the potential to reduce global climate warming and avoid dangerous climate change. We assessed the sequestration potential as well as possible risks and benefits of carbon amendments (16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04% of soil organic C) from Miscanthus\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0giganteus in different carbonization stages of a temperate grassland soil together with pig slurry: (1) untreated dried biomass (feedstock), (2) hydrothermally carbonized biomass (hydrochar) and (3) pyrolyzed biomass (biochar) in comparison to a control (only pig slurry application).  The field study was complemented by a laboratory incubation study, followed by a growth experiment with Lolium perenne. In the field, greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) were monitored weekly over 1.5 years and over three months in the lab. Initial nitrogen losses via ammonia emissions after substrate\u2013slurry application were assessed in an additional greenhouse study.  We found that biochar reduced soil and ecosystem respiration in incubation and in the field, respectively. Additionally, biochar improved methane oxidation, though restricted by emissions outbursts due to slurry amendment. It also reduced N2O emissions significantly in the lab study but not in the field. Hydrochar and feedstock proved to be easily degradable in incubation, but had no effect on ecosystem respiration in the field. Feedstock amendment significantly increased N2O emissions in incubation and one year after application likewise in the field. In a growth experiment subsequent to the incubation, only biochar amendment increased L. perenne biomass (+29%) significantly, likely due to N retention. In the field, biochar caused a significant shift in the plant species composition from grasses to forbs, whereas hydrochar significantly reduced yields within two growth periods (2011 and 2012). Ammonia emissions were significantly higher with feedstock and biochar compared to the control or acidic hydrochar. The overall results indicate that biochar is better suited for C sequestration and GHG mitigation in grasslands than hydrochar or the uncarbonized feedstock. However, NH3 emission reductions may only occur when the biochar is neutral or slightly acidic.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christian Koch, Sonja Schimmelpfennig, Ludger Gr\u00fcnhage, Christoph M\u00fcller, Christoph M\u00fcller, Claudia Kammann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-21", "title": "Water Erosion-Induced Co2 Emissions From Tilled And No-Tilled Soils And Sediments", "description": "Abstract   The acceleration of soil erosion by water in most regions of the world in response to the anthropogenic modification of landscapes is a serious threat to natural ecosystem functionalities because of the loss of invaluable constituents such as soil particles and organic carbon (OC). While soil OC erosion is likely to be a major component of the global C cycle, water erosion-induced CO2 emissions remain uncertain. In this study, our main objective was to compare the release of CO2 from eroded topsoils and from the sediments exported by diffuse erosion during an entire rainy season. Conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) maize treatments were considered in an attempt to set up best management practices to mitigate gaseous OC losses from agricultural soils. The study was conducted in the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa, whereas in many other areas of the developing world, erosion is severe and crop residue scarcity is the main challenge. CO2 emissions from undisturbed 0\u20130.02\u00a0m soil samples collected within 2.25\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0m runoff plots and from exported sediments by water erosion, were evaluated continuously at the laboratory over a 140-day period and compared to soil OC stocks. NT significantly reduced CO2 emissions from both soils and sediments. Overall NT, which exhibited a greater carbon density than CT (17.70 vs 13.19\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22123), reduced soil gaseous emissions by 4.4% (10.40 vs 10.88\u00a0g\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122, P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "Global warming", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Greenhouse gases", "13. Climate action", "Africa", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Land degradation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-08", "title": "Nutrient Dynamics, Microbial Growth And Weed Emergence In Biochar Amended Soil Are Influenced By Time Since Application And Reapplication Rate", "description": "Evidence suggests that in addition to sequestering carbon (C), biochar amendment can increase crop yields, improve soil quality and nutrient cycling, reduce the leaching of nutrients from soil and stimulate soil microbial activity. However, biochar application primarily benefits soils of intrinsic poor quality, thus the advantages of adding biochar to temperate agricultural soils remains controversial. In addition, there is limited information about the longer term effects of biochar application, or of increasing the rate of biochar loading to soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of biochar residency time and application rate on soil quality, crop performance, weed emergence, microbial growth and community composition in a temperate agricultural soil. We used replicated field plots with three wood biochar application rates (0, 25 and 50 t ha(-1)). Three years after biochar amendment, the plots were further split and fresh biochar added at two different rates (25 and 50 t ha(-1)) resulting in double-loaded reapplications of 25 + 25 and 50 + 50 t ha(-1). After a soil residency time of three years, there were no significant differences in soil nutrients, microbial growth, mycorrhizal colonisation or weed emergence between biochar amended and unamended soil. In contrast, the reapplication of biochar had a significant effect on soil quality, (e.g. increased PO43-, K+ and Ca2+, DOC, soil moisture, organic matter and EC), microbial growth, (e.g. decreased saprophytic fungal growth), increased mycorrhizal root colonisation and inhibition of weed emergence. Whilst biochar application is unquestionably a strategy for the sequestration of C, in this case, other benefits, e.g. improved soil nutrient levels or crop performance, seemed to be short lived. Reapplication of biochar exemplifies the transient nature of biochar-mediated benefits rather than any lasting differences in soil nutrient dynamics or microbial communities. These results emphasise the need for more long-term field studies to provide data that can meaningfully inform agronomic management decisions and climate change mitigation strategies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (Less)", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Black carbon", "Repeat biochar application", "13. Climate action", "Temperate agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Long term biochar trial", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.01.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-23", "title": "Agronomic Performance Of A High Ash Biochar In Two Contrasting Soils", "description": "Abstract   Intensive greenhouse industry wastes large amounts of nutrient-rich green waste through improper disposal practices. Converting this greenhouse waste into biochar for soil application offers a viable option to recycle nutrients and long-term C storage. This study was carried out to evaluate the agronomic potential of a biochar produced from tomato green waste in two contrasting soils. We also estimated the amount of waste generated from intensive greenhouse tomato production in Australia. From weekly measurements of leaf picking over a 13-week period, we estimate approximately 133\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 of green waste on fresh weight basis. Biochar, produced by slowly pyrolysing the green waste at 550\u00a0\u00b0C, had very high-pH (12.1), electrical conductivity (EC, 54.2\u00a0dS\u00a0m\u22121), ash content (560\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121) and CaCO3 equivalence (330\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121). Agronomic performance of the biochar was evaluated by growing Hybrid sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa cv \u2013 Sentinel) in the greenhouse for 7 weeks. We used three levels of biochar (0, 5 and 15\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 soil) in a factorial combination with three fertiliser rates (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended rate) applied to two contrasting soils (an Orthic Tenosol and a Red Ferrosol). Biochar application to the Ferrosol significantly increased the shoot dry matter of corn and contrastingly decreased the yield in case of the Tenosol. The positive effect of the biochar in the Ferrosol was attributed to release of nutrients from the biochar and biochar's liming effect and associated increased availability of nutrients. However, in poorly buffered Tenosol the application of biochar produced phytotoxic effects due to excessive soluble salts and high pH. The uptake of most nutrient elements increased in the corn shoot in the Ferrosol and decreased in the Tenosol. Although the biochar produced from green waste was highly alkaline and contained excessive soluble salts, given the right soil properties it can be a good soil ameliorant. The true agronomic potential of the biochar should be further evaluated in different soil types under field conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.01.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.01.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.01.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.01.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-30", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Tillage And Drainage Treatments On Greenhouse Gas Fluxes From A Corn Field During The Fallow Period", "description": "Abstract   Advance tillage research suggests that tillage decreases soil fertility and adversely affects the environment. The objective of this research was to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) flux vis-a-vis GHG production potential at different soil depths (0\u2013100\u00a0cm) from tillage and drainage management treatments during the fallow period (October 2009 to April 2010) in a continuous (since 1994) corn ( Zea mays ) growing field at the Waterman farm in central Ohio. The Crosby silt loam ( Aeric ochraqualf ) soil of the experimental farm has been managed with the same practice since 1994 with two tillage sub-factors: no till (NT) and chisel tillage (T) and two drainage sub-factors: tile drainage (D) and no-drainage (ND). The fallow period was from the middle of October to the middle of April. The field was under snow cover during the middle of December to the first week of March. GHG fluxes (CO 2 , CH 4  and N 2 O) were significantly lower during the snow cover period. This study suggests that the CO 2  flux was significantly higher from T and D plots compared to NT and ND plots. Neither CH 4  nor N 2 O fluxes were influenced by tillage or drainage. The CO 2  flux from T\u00a0+\u00a0D treatments was significantly higher (25.98\u2013398.65\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 ) throughout the fallow period. Significantly higher N 2 O flux (87.07\u2013125.76\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 ) was recorded from all treatments during the thawing period in the first week of March. Considering that the total C flux involves only the loss from the SOC stock, as much as 3.05% of the total SOC stock (1.23\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was lost during the fallow period from T\u2013D plots as CO 2  and CH 4 . Analysis of soil from different soil depths suggests that the CO 2  and N 2 O emissions from soil were mostly dependent on production potential at 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 0\u201330\u00a0cm of soil depths, respectively. However, there was no such trend for CH 4  emissions from soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-08", "title": "The Influence Of The Type Of Crop Residue On Soil Organic Carbon Fractions: An 11-Year Field Study Of Rice-Based Cropping Systems In Southeast China", "description": "Abstract   Retaining crop residue is an important agronomic practice in sustainable agriculture, particularly to maintain soil organic carbon (SOC). To evaluate the effect of the retention of different types of crop residues on SOC and labile fractions, a long-term rice-based crop rotation experiment was established with five different winter cropping practices: (1) rice-fallow (RF), (2) rice\u2013wheat (RW), (3) rice\u2013potato with rice straw mulch (RP), (4) rice\u2013green manure (Chinese milk vetch; RG), and (5) rice\u2013oilseed rape (RO). The results showed that the annual rice yields in the RP, RO, RG, and RW treatments were not significantly different from each other, but 13.3%, 10.2%, 10.3%, and 8.4% higher, respectively, than in the RF treatment. Furthermore, the soil properties in the RP system improved significantly compared with those at the initiation of the study, with increases of 14.7% in total N, 17.5% in total P, 77.2% in available K, and 13.9% in SOC content. Considering the slight rice yield increase and superiority in the annual net income, the RP treatment seems to be a promising rotation system to meet the sustainability requirements for the agro-ecosystem. The responses of the labile SOC fractions (i.e., microbial biomass C (MBC), dissolved organic C (DOC), hot-water extractable C (HWC), permanganate-oxidizable C (KMnO4-C), and particulate organic C in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer) to the crop rotation systems with the retention of different crop residues over the period of 11 years were specific to the types of the rotation system and closely related to the soil fertility properties. The RP treatment had comparatively higher content of DOC, HWC, MBC, and KMnO4-C than the other treatments in both 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths. The RW treatment had higher KMnO4-C content but lower MBC and POC content than the other treatments. The RO treatment had lower MBC content compared to the other treatments, while the opposite results were found in the RG treatment. Furthermore, the DOC content was improved by the winter crop growth. The changes in labile SOC might be attributable to the types of residues retained.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dangying Wang, Xiaoguo Zhang, Chunmei Xu, Song Chen, Jinxiang Yan, Xiufu Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-06", "title": "Mitigation Of Greenhouse Gas Emission From Rice-Wheat System Of The Indo-Gangetic Plains: Through Tillage, Irrigation And Fertilizer Management", "description": "Abstract   Rice\u2013wheat cropping systems (RWCS) of the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India are tillage, water and energy intensive and an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Developing agronomic management in RWCS that lead to minimum adverse impact on soil, enhances water use efficiency, reduces GHG emission and are climate resilient is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate different combinations of GHG mitigation technologies for rice and wheat and to find suitable low carbon options for RWCS in the IGP. Seven management systems i.e. conventionally tilled wheat (CTW); zero tilled wheat (ZTW); transplanted puddled rice (TPR); dry direct seeded rice (DSR); intermittent wetting and drying (IWD); application of neem oil coated urea (NOCU); and surface application of rice residue (RR) were experimented in six combination of rotations [CTW-TPR, ZTW-TPR, ZTW-IWD, ZTW-DSR, ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-DSR and (ZTW-TPR)\u00a0+\u00a0NOCU] for two consecutive years. Among these rotations, ZTW-DSR and ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-DSR showed the lowest global warming potential (GWP) and GHG intensity in both the years. Adoption of these systems in the Indian-IGP can reduce GWP of the conventional RWCS (CTW-TPR) by 44\u201347% without any significant loss in the system yield. This was mainly due to significantly low CH4 emission (82.3\u201387.2%) in DSR as compared to TPR due to prolonged aerobic condition under DSR. However, frequent wetting and drying in DSR led to higher denitrification emissions of N2O (60\u201370%). Significantly higher emissions of N2O were observed in ZTW treatments (8\u201311%). NOCU was found effective in reducing N2O emission from ZTW (17.8\u201320.5%) leading to lower GWP as compared to CTW. Application of rice residue in ZTW treatment also reduced N2O emission (11\u201312.8%). There was no significant effect of different treatments in rice on GHG emission from the succeeding wheat crop; however, ZTW and ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR were found to enhance CH4 emission from the succeeding rice treatments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-09", "title": "Extracellular Enzyme Activity Response To Defoliation And Water Addition In Two Ecosites Of The Mixed Grass Prairie", "description": "Abstract   Grassland composition is affected by livestock grazing and moisture availability, yet little is known about how defoliation and soil moisture interact to affect belowground processes. In particular, microbial activity, the proximate driver of decomposition, may be affected by plant responses and environmental variability. We hypothesize that grassland soils with different defoliation and moisture treatments will differ in soil biogeochemical cycling in response to both physical environment (i.e. soil moisture) and biotic (i.e. plant community) shifts. To understand how microbial function is affected by defoliation and moisture, we measured extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) at two mixed grass prairie ecosites (mesic lowland and xeric upland) in Alberta, Canada using a fully factorial experiment that manipulated growing season defoliation and water addition over 4 years. The defoliation treatments were: high intensity \u2013 high frequency (HIHF), high intensity \u2212 low frequency (HILF), or low intensity \u2013 high frequency (LIHF) from May through August each year, and a treatment where defoliation was deferred until the end of each summer. The watering treatments were: ambient and water addition (150\u00a0mm\u2009month\u22121 above ambient), which was intended to eliminate moisture limitations. In the fourth year of treatment, we measured the activities of 5 hydrolytic extracellular enzymes responsible for carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) release. We observed that water addition reduced activity of most EEAs across both sites, although these effects were distinctly mitigated by defoliation at the lowland site. Within the lowland, water addition reduced C cycling enzyme activities under deferred and HILF defoliation, with a similar pattern in the activity of the P cycling enzyme in response to HILF and LIHF defoliation. Defoliation effects on EEA in the lowland were limited largely to ambient moisture conditions, where severe (HIHF) defoliation reduced C cycling EEA, with a similar pattern in the upland, though only for \u03b2- d -cellobiosidase activity. Independent of moisture treatment, deferred defoliation reduced activity of phosphatase in the lowland, as well as the activity of one enzyme responsible for C cycling in the upland site. There was no effect of defoliation or water addition on N-acetyl-\u03b2 glucosaminidase activity at either site. Overall, we demonstrate that while EEAs are strongly affected by environmental conditions, defoliation during the growing season may interact with the physical environment and regulate biogeochemical cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-17", "title": "Nutrient removal effectiveness by riparian buffer zones in rural temperate watersheds: The impact of no-till crops practices", "description": "Abstract   Riparian buffer zones have the potential to capture chemical contaminants and to mitigate detrimental side-effects in aquatic ecosystems derived from excess fertilizers used in agro-food production. No-till farming systems are well known agricultural practices and are widely used in temperate areas. In that regard, different settings and widths of riparian buffer zones (12, 24, 36, 48 and 60\u00a0m) with woody vegetation, shrubs or grasses were assessed. The methodology was comprised of the evaluation of a large number of experimental sites and the sampling was conducted after the first rain period and respective fertilizer applications. The results point to the fact that effectiveness is largely controlled by buffer zone width and vegetation type. Indeed, buffer zones with 60\u00a0m width composed of woody soils were more effective in phosphorus (99.9%) and nitrogen (99.9%) removal when compared to shrub (66.4% and 83.9%, respectively) or grass vegetation (52.9% and 61.6%, respectively) areas. Woody vegetation has deep rooting systems and woody soils have a higher content of organic matter when compared to grass and shrubs areas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "water contamination", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "nutrients", "no-till systems", "temperate climate zones", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater", "phosphorous", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.03.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-24", "title": "Influence Of Tillage, Residue Management, And Crop Rotation On Soil Microbial Biomass And Catabolic Diversity", "description": "The densely populated, intensively cropped subtropical highlands of the world have agricultural sustainability problems from soil erosion and fertility decline. In 1991, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) initiated a long-term field experiment at its semi-arid highland experiment station in Mexico (2240 masl; 19.318N, 98.508W; Cumulic Phaeozem) to investigate the long-term effects of tillage/seeding practices, crop rotations, and crop residue management on maize and wheat grown under rainfed conditions. Soil ecology status contributes to agricultural system sustainability, and evaluations were made to determine the effect of different management practices on soil microbial biomass (SMB) (substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and chloroform fumigation incubation (CFI)) and micro-flora physiological and catabolic diversity (BIOLOG TM ecoplate well system). SMB-C (CFI, SIR) was significantly and respectively 1.2 and 1.3 times higher for residue retention (average 387 mg C kg 1 dry soil and 515 mg C kg 1 dry soil, respectively) compared to residue removal. SMB-C (CFI) was significantly higher for wheat (369 mg C kg 1 dry soil) compared to maize (319 mg C kg 1 dry soil). SMB-N (CFI) was significantly 1.3 times higher for residue retention (average 28 mg N kg 1 dry soil) compared to residue removal. The average well color development (AWCD) obtained by the BIOLOG TM ecoplate essay indicated there were large differences in the catabolic capability of soil microbial communities after 15 years of contrasting management practices. While maize and wheat rotation under conventional tillage with residue retention showed a significantly higher overall AWCD value compared to the other treatments, AWCD of maize with zero tillage and residue removal was significantly lower than in the other treatments. AWCD was significantly higher for residue retention compared to residue removal and for wheat as compared to maize. For maize, the management practices were divided into two groups; zero tillage with residue removal was separate from all other treatments. For wheat, conventional tillage was separate from all zero tillage treatments. This study suggests that in the target area, a cropping system that includes zero tillage, crop rotation, and crop residue retention can increase overall biomass and micro-flora activity and diversity compared with common farming practices. In the long term, zero tillage combined with residue retention creates conditions", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture", "Small-scale farming", "Residue management", "Microbial biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Crop rotations", "Catabolic diversity", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "Central Mexico", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Rainfed agriculture", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.03.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.03.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.03.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.03.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6.+Clean+water&offset=0&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6.+Clean+water&offset=0&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6.+Clean+water&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=6.+Clean+water&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 4994, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-16T20:28:11.322386Z"}