This article aims at showing the usefulness of fluoropolymers (FPs), supplying an overview of their synthesis, applications, and recycling. FPs are currently prepared by conventional radical polymerization of fluoromonomers. These specialty polymers, produced in low tonnage compared to that of commodity ones, display outstanding properties, such as chemical, oxidative, and thermal resistances, low refractive index, dissipation factor, permittivity, and water absorptivity, and excellent weatherability and durability. More recent routes for their preparations are suggested, controlled or not, leading to random, alternated, block, graft, dendrimers, or multiarm copolymers, as well as their applications ranging from coatings to high performance (thermoplastic) elastomers, energy related\uffe2\uff80\uff90materials (e.g., fuel cell membranes, components for lithium\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion batteries, electroactive devices, and photovoltaics) to original and surfactants, optical devices, organic electronics, composites, and shape memory polymers.
Making agriculture sustainable is a global challenge. In the European Union (EU), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is failing with respect to biodiversity, climate, soil, land degradation as well as socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economic challenges.
The European Commission's proposal for a CAP post\uffe2\uff80\uff902020 provides a scope for enhanced sustainability. However, it also allows Member States to choose low\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambition implementation pathways. It therefore remains essential to address citizens' demands for sustainable agriculture and rectify systemic weaknesses in the CAP, using the full breadth of available scientific evidence and knowledge.
Concerned about current attempts to dilute the environmental ambition of the future CAP, and the lack of concrete proposals for improving the CAP in the draft of the European Green Deal, we call on the European Parliament, Council and Commission to adopt 10 urgent action points for delivering sustainable food production, biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation.
Knowledge is available to help moving towards evidence\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, sustainable European agriculture that can benefit people, nature and their joint futures.
The statements made in this article have the broad support of the scientific community, as expressed by above 3,600 signatories to the preprint version of this manuscript. The list can be found here (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3685632).
A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
", "keywords": ["330", "333.7 Landfl\u00e4chen", " Naturr\u00e4ume f\u00fcr Freizeit und Erholung", " Naturreservate", " Energie", "public goods", "ddc:320", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "SMART targets", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Article", "12. Responsible consumption", "GF1-900", "11. Sustainability", "evidence-based policy", "ddc:630", "European Green Deal", "QH540-549.5", "agriculture", "biodiversity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "ddc:333", "1. No poverty", "15. Life on land", "320", "Agronomy", "Environmental sciences", "climate change", "Human ecology. Anthropogeography", "13. Climate action", "evidence\u2010based policy", "Common Agricultural Policy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/People%20and%20Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13762-021-03265-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-07", "title": "Bio-fertilizers issued from anaerobic digestion for growing tomatoes under irrigation by treated wastewater: targeting circular economy concept", "description": "Project Co-ordinators: Dr. Jose Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero (Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CISC), Dr. Weifeng Xu (Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, FAFU). -- Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) plant were provided with bio-fertilizers issued from anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater without and with 1%, 5% of phosphate residues in mesophilic conditions for 25 days. 1% of raw substrates (OMW raw; OMW\u2009+\u20091%PR raw; olive mill wastewater\u2009+\u20095%phosphate residues raw; and phosphate residues) and digestates (olive mill wastewater digestate, olive mill wastewater\u2009+\u20091%phosphate residues digestate and olive mill wastewater\u2009+\u20095%phosphate residues digestate) was provided fortnightly to the plants. Reclaimed water from a wastewater treatment plant located in the study site was used for automatically controlled irrigation. It contained a low level of chemical fertilizers to compare tomato plant growth, leaf analysis, steam water potential, production yield and fruit quality results to plants fed with bio-fertilizers. Generally, parameters and results were progressively increased during the growing and harvesting stage, which refer to the essential elements that cover the plant\u2019s needs. Plants fed with bio-fertilizers showed the most extended plant height (olive mill wastewater\u2009+\u20095% phosphate residues raw), and the best accumulation of essential elements in leaves (olive mill wastewater\u2009+\u20091% phosphate residues digestate and olive mill wastewater\u2009+\u20095%phosphate residues digestate). The maximum average fruit weight per treatment (35.5 g) was obtained when applying the digestates mixture of olive mill wastewater raw and olive mill wastewater\u2009+\u20095% phosphate residues. The maximum yield production per plant was obtained when applying phosphates residues. Bio-fertilizers (digestates) showed good performances, high fruit quality and perfect tomato yield production compared to the control plants. Results obtained during this study are considered promising regarding environmental framework. However, this study was done in a laboratory scale and needs to be applied in a large scale to provide more data on the effectiveness of the digestates application. It is also recommended to apply these bio-fertilizers on different crops and various soils for a better evaluation. The authors would like to thank the research center (CEBAS-CSIC) for providing all equipment needed to conduct this work with the economic support of the research project 'Use of Advanced information technologies for Site-Specific management of Irrigation and SaliniTy with degraded water' (ASSIST) funded by SENECA Foundation on the Regional Program 'SAAVEDRA FAJARDO,' and the Project SHui which is co-funded by the European Union Project GA 773903 and the Chinese MOST. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Olive mill wastewater", "2. Zero hunger", "Reclaimed water", "Wastewater", "15. Life on land", "Biological treatment", "Phosphate residues", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13762-021-03265-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03265-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13762-021-03265-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13762-021-03265-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13762-021-03265-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/smll.201902081", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-18", "title": "Untangling Cooperative Effects of Pyridinic and Graphitic Nitrogen Sites at Metal\u2010Free N\u2010Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction", "description": "AbstractMetal\uffe2\uff80\uff90free carbon electrodes with well\uffe2\uff80\uff90defined composition and smooth topography are prepared via sputter deposition followed by thermal treatment with inert and reactive gases. X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy show that three carbons of similar N/C content that differ in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90site composition are thus prepared: an electrode consisting of almost exclusively graphitic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N (NG), an electrode with predominantly pyridinic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N (NP), and one with \uffe2\uff89\uff881:1 NG:NP composition. These materials are used as model systems to investigate the activity of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90doped carbons in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using voltammetry. Results show that selectivity toward 4e\uffe2\uff80\uff90reduction of O2 is strongly influenced by the NG/NP site composition, with the material possessing nearly uniform NG/NP composition being the only one yielding a 4e\uffe2\uff80\uff90reduction. Computational studies on model graphene clusters are carried out to elucidate the effect of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90site homogeneity on the reaction pathway. Calculations show that for pure NG\uffe2\uff80\uff90doping or NP\uffe2\uff80\uff90doping of model graphene clusters, adsorption of hydroperoxide and hydroperoxyl radical intermediates, respectively, is weak, thus favoring desorption prior to complete 4e\uffe2\uff80\uff90reduction to hydroxide. Clusters with mixed NG/NP sites display synergistic effects, suggesting that co\uffe2\uff80\uff90presence of these sites improves activity and selectivity by achieving high theoretical reduction potentials while facilitating retention of intermediates.Biofuels are being supported by many governments for a range of perceived benefits including improved domestic energy security, reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when compared with fossil\uffe2\uff80\uff90fuel counterparts, and economic development and employment generation, particularly in rural areas. Life\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycle, cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90benefit, and systems analyses, however, indicate that the expansion of biofuels can have complex effects on, and interactions with, land use and food and fuel prices. This article reviews the economic, environmental, and social benefits and costs of biofuels using experiences from developing countries in Asia. The review reveals the following: (1) biofuels are generally not economically competitive with fossil fuels and government support, though prevailing, is costly and questionable. (2) Although biofuels are generally viewed to be a threat to food security, if properly managed, their development could lead to improved productivity in the agriculture sector over the long term with benefits for rural livelihoods and food security. (3) Even though reducing GHG emissions is a key driver for the development of biofuels, effects in terms of soil quality, biodiversity, and water quality must also be assessed; the environmental benefits of biofuels are debatable and depend on a range of fuel\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific factors, management, and agricultural practices. On the basis of this assessment a range of strategies are suggested to further improve the sustainability of biofuels in Asia. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:497\uffe2\uff80\uff93511. doi: 10.1002/wcc.241
This article is categorized under:
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Benefits of Mitigation
Climate and Development > Decoupling Emissions from Development
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "1. No poverty", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.241"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/WIREs%20Climate%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/wcc.241", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/wcc.241", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/wcc.241"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/we.2178", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-31", "title": "Nonlinear soil-pile interaction for offshore wind turbines", "description": "AbstractThe current work presents a parametric study, which involves different generalized nonlinear mechanical formulations with different damping characteristics to account for the interaction between a monopile\uffe2\uff80\uff90supported offshore wind turbine and the surrounding soil. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that recently developed nonlinear mechanical models used so far for the simulation of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90damping rubber isolators are introduced to describe the nonlinear hysteretic soil behavior. More specifically, the first generalized mechanical model consists of a combination of elastoplastic and trilinear elastic elements (labeled as model 3), while the second model consists of trilinear hysteretic models connected in parallel with trilinear elastic springs and hysteretic dampers used to ensure that the unloading stiffness will be as close as possible to the initial stiffness of the system (labeled as model 4). These newly developed models are compared with well\uffe2\uff80\uff90known models within the industry, namely, a model that comprises elastoplastic elements (labeled as model 1) and a model that comprises trilinear elastic springs (labeled as model 2). All these models provide exactly the same effective stiffness, but on the other hand different levels of damping are involved in each one of them. The goal of the present work is 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold, introducing novel mechanical models for the simulation of soil behavior, to investigate the effect of different soil damping levels in the response of offshore wind turbines and to highlight the limitations of the commonly used models within the industry. To this end, the differences between the response due to different levels of damping characteristics and modeling approaches are shown, highlighting the importance of soil damping in the overall response of the system.
", "keywords": ["0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "0201 civil engineering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Amir M. Kaynia, Amir M. Kaynia, Athanasios A. Markou, Athanasios A. Markou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/we.2178"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2178"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Wind%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/we.2178", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/we.2178", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/we.2178"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/we.2621", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-14", "title": "Conditional variational autoencoders for probabilistic wind turbine blade fatigue estimation using Supervisory, Control, and Data Acquisition data", "description": "AbstractWind turbine fatigue estimation is based on time\uffe2\uff80\uff90consuming Monte Carlo simulations for various wind conditions, followed by cycle\uffe2\uff80\uff90counting procedures and the application of engineering damage models. The outputs of the fatigue simulations are large in volume and of high dimensionality, as they typically consist of estimates on finite\uffe2\uff80\uff90element computational meshes. The strain and stress tensor time series, which are the primary quantities of interest when considering the problem of fatigue estimation, are dictated by complex vibration characteristics due to the coupled effect of aerodynamics, structural dynamics, geometrically non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear mechanics, and control. A Variational Auto\uffe2\uff80\uff90Encoder (VAE) is trained in order to model the probability distribution of the accumulated fatigue on the root cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90section of a simulated wind turbine blade. The VAE is conditioned on historical data that correspond to coarse wind\uffe2\uff80\uff90field measurement statistics, such as mean hub\uffe2\uff80\uff90height wind speed, standard deviation of hub\uffe2\uff80\uff90height wind speed and shear exponent. In the absence of direct measurements of structural loads, the proposed technique finds applications in making long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term probabilistic deterioration predictions from historical Supervisory, Control, and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data, while capturing the inherent aleatoric uncertainty due to the incomplete information on strain time series of the wind turbine structure, when only SCADA data statistics are available.
", "keywords": ["CVAE", "deep generative models", "high dimensional simulation outputs", "uncertainty quantification", "TJ807-830", "blade root fatigue", "conditional variational autoencoder", "SCADA", "wind turbine blade", "7. Clean energy", "Renewable energy sources"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2621"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Wind%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/we.2621", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/we.2621", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/we.2621"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1006/anbo.1995.1066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-06", "title": "Growth And Physiology Of One-Year Old Poplar (Populus) Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Levels", "description": "Abstract The effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on the ecophysiological responses (gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, Rubisco activity, leaf area development) as well as on the growth and biomass production of two poplar clones (i.e. Populus trichocarpa \u00d7 P. deltoides clone Beaupre and P. \u00d7 euramericana clone Robusta) were examined under open top chamber conditions. The elevated CO 2 treatment (ambient + 350 \u03bcmol mol -1 ) stimulated above-ground biomass of clones Robusta and Beaupre after the first growing season by 55 and 38%, respectively. This increased biomass production under elevated CO 2 was associated with a significant increase in plant height, the latter being the result of enhanced internode elongation rather than an increased production of leaves or internodes. Both an increased leaf area index (LAI) and a stimulated net photosynthesis per unit leaf contributed to a significantly higher stem biomass per unit leaf area, and thus to the increased above-ground biomass production under the elevated CO 2 concentrations in both clones. The larger LAI was caused by a larger individual leaf size and leaf growth rate; the number of leaves was not altered by the elevated CO 2 treatment. The higher net leaf photosynthesis was the result of an increase in the photochemical (maximal chlorophyll fluorescence Fm and photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm ) as well as in the biochemical (increased Rubisco activity) process capacities. No significant differences were found in dark respiration rate, neither between clones nor between treatments, but specific leaf area significantly decreased under elevated CO 2 conditions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1995.1066"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1006/anbo.1995.1066", "name": "item", "description": "10.1006/anbo.1995.1066", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1006/anbo.1995.1066"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-1-4471-2324-8_10", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:24Z", "created": "2011-11-04", "title": "Assessing The Environmental Risks And Opportunities Of Bioenergy Cropping", "description": "All forms of cropping influence the environment, and bioenergy cropping is no exception. The main potential environmental benefit is the net reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by the substitution of fossil fuels, while the main potential harm is increased pressure on land use, which can lead to competition for food production, loss of forests and the release of large amounts of carbon from soils and vegetation. The major approaches to environmental risk evaluation are experiments, environmental risk assessment, life cycle analysis, ecosystem services and post-market monitoring; while none are ideal, all these have a potential role in evaluating bioenergy cropping. Major environmental impacts vary greatly between crops, countries and management regimes. Bioenergy cropping has the most positive environmental impact when the crops are productive, have low water and nutrient requirements and can be grown on low-grade and abandoned agricultural land in arrangements that promote biodiversity. Such cropping may be able to supply around 8% of the global energy demand: bioenergy cropping should be seen as one element in a wider strategy for efficient use of land, energy, food and water.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Les G. Firbank", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2324-8_10"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-1-4471-2324-8_10", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-1-4471-2324-8_10", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-1-4471-2324-8_10"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_80", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:24Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2019-09-18", "title": "CO2 Biofixation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Different CO2 Dosing Strategies", "description": "The CO2 sequestration potential of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was investigated with different CO2 dosing strategies. A gas mixture containing 30% CO2 and 70% N2 was used in these experiments in order to simulate the treatment of flue gases from various industries containing high concentrations of CO2. Alongside the CO2 sequestration, the results suggest that the microalgal biomass was rich in carbohydrates and lipids, and thus suitable to be used for biofuel production.", "keywords": ["Periodic CO2 dosing", "CO2 sequestration", "biochemical profiles", "Periodic CO2 dosing", " CO2 sequestration", " biochemical profiles", " chlorophyll", " Chlamydomonas reinhardtii", "chlorophyll", "7. Clean energy", "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unina.it/bitstream/11588/726038/2/Version%20submitted%20for%20IRIS.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_80"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_80"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_80", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_80", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_80"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/pl00008880", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-17", "title": "Observational Evidence That Diversity May Increase Productivity In Mediterranean Shrublands", "description": "This paper reports field observational evidence on the diversity-biomass production relationship from eastern Mediterranean shrublands dominated by Cistus salviifolius. The main results are: (1) plant diversity and ecosystem primary production are positively correlated in the Cistus shrublands, which are multigrowth form systems; (2) the taxonomic and growth form diversity in Cistus shrublands suggests that there is strong differentiation along the structural niche axis, and thus functional redundancy is weak; (3) the performance of the dominant Cistus in terms of biomass production did not affect the overall diversity-biomass production of the studied communities.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Andreas Y. Troumbis, Dimitris Memtsas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008880"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/pl00008880", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/pl00008880", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/pl00008880"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-004-5285-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-18", "title": "Potential Of Agroforestry For Carbon Sequestration And Mitigation Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Soils In The Tropics", "description": "Losses of carbon (C) stocks in terrestrial ecosystems and increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are challenges that scientists and policy makers have been facing in the recent past. Intensified agricultural practices lead to a reduction in ecosystem carbon stocks, mainly due to removal of aboveground biomass as harvest and loss of carbon as CO2 through burning and/or decomposition. Evidence is emerging that agroforestry systems are promising management practices to increase aboveground and soil C stocks and reduce soil degradation, as well as to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In the humid tropics, the potential of agroforestry (tree-based) systems to sequester C in vegetation can be over 70 Mg C ha\u22121, and up to 25 Mg ha\u22121 in the top 20 cm of soil. In degraded soils of the sub-humid tropics, improved fallow agroforestry practices have been found to increase top soil C stocks up to 1.6 Mg C ha\u22121 y\u22121 above continuous maize cropping. Soil C accretion is linked to the structural development of the soil, in particular to increasing C in water stable aggregates (WSA). A review of agroforestry practices in the humid tropics showed that these systems were able to mitigate N2O and CO2 emissions from soils and increase the CH4 sink strength compared to cropping systems. The increase in N2O and CO2 emissions after addition of legume residues in improved fallow systems in the sub-humid tropics indicates the importance of using lower quality organic inputs and increasing nutrient use efficiency to derive more direct and indirect benefits from the system. In summary, these examples provide evidence of several pathways by which agroforestry systems can increase C sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-004-5285-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-004-5285-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-004-5285-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-004-5285-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-005-6239-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-21", "title": "Increase Of N2o Fluxes In Agricultural Peat And Sandy Soil Under Elevated Co2 Concentration: Concomitant Changes In Soil Moisture, Groundwater Table And Biomass Production Of Phleum Pratense", "description": "The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on soil moisture, N2O fluxes, and biomass production of Phleum pratense were studied in the laboratory. Farmed peat and sandy soil mesocosms sown with P. pratense were fertilized with a commercial fertilizer. In peat soil 10 g N m\u22122 of commercial fertilizer were added and in sandy soil 15 g N m\u22122. In both experiments, soil moisture was regulated with deionized water; 18 mesocosms were tended to keep equally moist, and the other 18 were watered with equal amounts of water. Nine mesocosms from both watering treatments were grown under ambient (360 \u03bcmol mol\u22121) CO2 concentration and the remaining nine under doubled (720 \u03bcmol mol\u22121) CO2. N2O efflux was monitored using a closed chamber technique and a gas chromatograph. The elevated supply of CO2 increased production of above- and belowground biomass, soil moisture and N2O fluxes, but decreased the total N content in the aboveground biomass, especially for the sandy soil. In similar water levels, N2O efflux from the sandy soil was the same magnitude as that from the peat soil. In addition to moisture, N availability was the main limiting factor for N2O production, but C availability also seemed to regulate the denitrification activity. In addition to an increase in C availability the increase in the N2O efflux under the raised CO2 concentration also required a simultaneous increase in soil moisture.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-6239-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-005-6239-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-005-6239-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-005-6239-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-3-319-67443-8_22", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:24Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2017-10-12", "title": "Operational Damage Localization of Wind Turbine Blades", "description": "Open AccessISBN:978-3-319-67443-8", "keywords": ["Damage localization", "Wind turbines; Operational conditions; Damage localization; Principal component analysis; Mode shape curvatures", "Wind turbines", "Principal component analysis", "Mode shape curvatures", "02 engineering and technology", "Operational conditions", "7. Clean energy", "0201 civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-67443-8"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-67443-8_22"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67443-8_22"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-3-319-67443-8_22", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-3-319-67443-8_22", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-3-319-67443-8_22"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-3-642-20256-8_16", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:25Z", "created": "2011-07-22", "title": "Bioenergy Systems, Soil Health And Climate Change", "description": "Biomass energy (bioenergy) could play a significant role in meeting global energy demands. But this would entail a substantial increase in the scale and intensity of biomass production, which could have negative implications for soil health. Bioenergy can contribute to climate change mitigation through displacement of fossil fuels and potentially through sequestration of carbon. Conversely, the required expansion of bioenergy feedstock production could lead to emissions through loss of soil carbon, especially through indirect land use change (iLUC). The gain or loss of terrestrial carbon is determined by the LUC and systems used for biomass production. In this chapter, we first define bioenergy systems and outline their potential to deliver low-carbon energy. We then describe the opportunities and risks to soil health from bioenergy systems, and finally discuss measures by which these risks can be minimised, and biomass can be produced while protecting and ideally enhancing soil health. While our focus is on the interaction between bioenergy systems and soil health predominantly at a local scale, we also discuss larger scale issues including the intensification of production and how biomass supply will need to meet developing sustainability systems to meet different social and environmental constraints.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Brendan H. George, Annette Cowie,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20256-8_16"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-3-642-20256-8_16", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-3-642-20256-8_16", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-3-642-20256-8_16"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_190", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:25Z", "created": "2013-02-09", "title": "A Comparison Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From A Paddy Field Following Incorporation Of Rice Straw And Straw-Based Biochar", "description": "To evaluate the effects of straw-based biochar on greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, a field study was conducted on a typical paddy field in subtropical China to compare the greenhouse gas emissions induced by rice straw and straw-based biochar incorporation. The cumulative CH4 emissions were 281\u2013515 kg CH4 ha\u22121 for the straw incorporation treatments, which were 2.6\u20136.4 times higher than with the biochar treatments. The cumulative N2O emissions were 75.7\u2013135 g N2O ha\u22121, and there was no significant difference between treatments. The calculated global warming potentials (GWPs) were 7,055\u201312,906 kg CO2-eq ha\u22121 for straw incorporation treatments, while those for the biochar incorporation treatments were only 1,776\u20132,004 kg CO2-eq ha\u22121. When divided by yield, the yield-scaled GWPs were 1,127\u20132,081 kg CO2-eq Mg\u22121, which were 2.0\u20137.0 times higher than those of the biochar treatments. The GWPs and yield-scaled GWPs of the greenhouse gases from the paddy field with straw-based biochar incorporation were much lower than with straw incorporation, indicating that the conversion of straw to straw-based biochar can be an effective means of carbon sequestration in rice production and can even increase grain yields to some degree. However, the long-term effects of biochar incorporation in paddy fields need further study.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jianlin Shen, Tida Ge, Jieyun Liu, Yong Li, Jinshui Wu, Hong Tang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_190"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_190", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_190", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_190"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_17", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:25Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2019-03-01", "title": "Advances in the Use of Biological Stabilisers and Hyper-compaction for Sustainable Earthen Construction Materials", "description": "In the majority of cases, earthen construction materials for real buildings require amendment to deliver suitable material properties, which could be some additional strength or resilience to erosion. In modern earthen construction, in India, Australia and other parts of the world, cement and lime have been successfully used as stabilisers, providing both strength and durability benefits. However, the use of cement is detrimental to the green credentials of earthen construction materials, due to the large carbon footprint of that material\u2019s manufacture and, for some time, researchers have been motivated to find more appropriate stabilisers and manufacturing methods. In this paper, we present recent findings from two projects that are linked by this motivation and involve the study of bio-based stabilisers and alternative manufacturing methods for in situ and unit-based materials. Results are presented from laboratory testing of strength and durability of a range of materials, bio-stabilisers and manufacturing processes, indicating that there could be viable alternatives to cement and lime, certainly for many current uses of earthen construction materials.", "keywords": ["690", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Stabilisers; Rammed earth; Unsaturated soils; Biopolymers; Hyper-compaction", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unige.it/bitstream/11567/997779/1/Muguda%20et%20al.%20%282018%29.pdf"}, {"href": "http://dro.dur.ac.uk/28027/1/28027.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_17"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_17"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_17", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_17", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_17"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00009967", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-10", "title": "Biomass Production In A Nitrogen-Fertilized, Tallgrass Prairie Ecosystem Exposed To Ambient And Elevated Levels Of Co2", "description": "Increased biomass production in terrestrial ecosystems with elevated atmospheric CO2 may be constrained by nutrient limitations as a result of increased requirement or reduced availability caused by reduced turnover rates of nutrients. To determine the short-term impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on plant biomass production under elevated CO2, we compared the response of N-fertilized tallgrass prairie at ambient and twice-ambient CO2 levels over a 2-year period. Native tallgrass prairie plots (4.5 m diameter) were exposed continuously (24 h) to ambient and twice-ambient CO2 from 1 April to 26 October. We compared our results to an unfertilized companion experiment on the same research site. Above- and belowground biomass production and leaf area of fertilized plots were greater with elevated than ambient CO2 in both years. The increase in biomass at high CO2 occurred mainly aboveground in 1991, a dry year, and belowground in 1990, a wet year. Nitrogen concentration was lower in plants exposed to elevated CO2, but total standing crop N was greater at high CO2. Increased root biomass under elevated CO2 apparently increased N uptake. The biomass production response to elevated CO2 was much greater on N-fertilized than unfertilized prairie, particularly in the dry year. We conclude that biomass production response to elevated CO2 was suppressed by N limitation in years with below-normal precipitation. Reduced N concentration in above- and belowground biomass could slow microbial degradation of soil organic matter and surface litter, thereby exacerbating N limitation in the long term.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Patrick I. Coyne, Lisa M. Auen, Clenton E. Owensby,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00009967"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00009967", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00009967", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00009967"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1994-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00213645", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-09-17", "title": "A Review On The Potential Of Improved Fallows And Green Manure In Rwanda", "description": "Agricultural production in the densely populated highlands of Rwanda is subject to serious soil fertility constraints. As the use of imported mineral fertilizers is beyond the economic means of resource-poor farmers, research and extension efforts of several projects, institutes and organizations concentrated during the last 15 years on the development and promotion of improved fallows with woody and herbaceous legumes, like Tephrosia sp., Cajanus sp., Crotalaria sp., Sesbania sp., Mucuna sp., and Mimosa sp., planted over one or more seasons as pure green manure, in hedgerows (alley cropping), or on fields as seasonal inter- or relay-crop. Green manuring proved to be a risky enterprise, due to highly variable biomass production and residual effects. Yield increments on-farm of up to 74% in the first season and 46% in the second season did not compensate loss of yields and labour investments during green manuring. Even where biomass production was sufficient, residual effects were in most cases unsatisfactory, due to rapid nutrient leaching (N, K) or inappropriate foliage incorporation on-farm. In researcher-managed trials, residual effects were in general somewhat higher, but more than a mere compensation of lost yields was not possible and farmers' adoption of these labour-intensive technologies was rather low. Due to acute land shortage, farmers were reluctant in allocating land to fallows or hedgerows also, with the exception of fields already out of production. Consequently, the concept of improving soil fertility and crop yields with the help of planted fallows or green manure in rotation failed. Woody legumes might have a future on abandoned fields and in wide spaced contour hedges, mainly for the production of firewood and bean stakes. For soil fertility management, the production and availability of farmyard manure and country-own mineral fertilizers, such as travertin and volcanic ashes should be supported. The question is raised as to whether sustainable agricultural development is possible without a credit system for small farmers, reallocating land and creating off-farm employment.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00213645"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00213645", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00213645", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00213645"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00328790", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-21", "title": "Growth Responses Of An Alpine Grassland To Elevated Co2", "description": "Alpine plant species have been shown to exhibit a more pronounced increase in leaf photosynthesis under elevated CO2 than lowland plants. In order to test whether this higher carbon fixation efficiency will translate into increased biomass production under CO2 enrichment we exposed plots of narrow alpine grassland (Swiss Central Alps, 2470 m) to ambient (355 \u03bcl l-1) and elevated (680 \u03bcl l-1) CO2 concentration using open top chambers. Part of the plost received moderate mineral nutrient additions (40 kg ha-1 year-1 of nitrogen in a complete fertilizer mix). Under natural nutrient supply CO2 enrichment had no effect on biomass production per unit land area during any of the three seasons studied so far. Correspondingly, the dominant species Carex curvula and Leontodon helveticus as well as Trifolium alpinum did not show a growth response either at the population level or at the shoot level. However, the subdominant generalistic species Poa alpina strongly increased shoot growth (+47%). Annual root production (in ingrowth cores) was significantly enhanced in C. curvula in the 2nd and 3rd year of investigation (+43%) but was not altered in the bulk samples for all species. Fertilizer addition generally stimulated above-ground (+48%) and below-ground (+26%) biomass production right from the beginning. Annual variations in weather conditions during summer also strongly influenced above-ground biomass production (19-27% more biomass in warm seasons compared to cool seasons). However, neither nutrient availability nor climate had a significant effect on the CO2 response of the plants. Our results do not support the hypothesis that alpine plants, due to their higher carbon uptake efficiency, will increase biomass production under future atmospheric CO2 enrichment, at least not in such late successional communities. However, as indicated by the response of P. alpina, species-specific responses occur which may lead to altered community structure and perhaps ecosystem functioning in the long-term. Our findings further suggest that possible climatic changes are likely to have a greater impact on plant growth in alpine environments than the direct stimulation of photosynthesis by CO2. Counter-intuitively, our results suggest that even under moderate climate warming or enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition positive biomass responses to CO2 enrichment of the currently dominating species are unlikely.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00328790"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00328790", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00328790", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00328790"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-23", "title": "The New Competition For Land: Food, Energy, And Climate Change", "description": "Abstract The paper addresses the new competition for land arising from growing and changing demand for food when combined with increasing global demand for transport energy, under conditions of declining petro-chemical resources and the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The paper starts from the premise of a \u2018food, energy and environment trilemma\u2019 ( Tilman et al., 2009 ), where all demands to expand the area of cultivated land present high risks of increasing the carbon footprint of agriculture. Having reviewed the main drivers of demand for food and for liquid transport fuels, the paper weighs the controversies surrounding biofuels arising from food-price spikes, the demand for land, and consequent direct and indirect land-use change. It suggests that we need a more complex, and geographically differentiated, analysis of the interactions between direct and indirect land-use change. The paper then reviews evidence of land availability, and suggests that in addition to technical availability in terms of soil, water, and climate, political, social, and technological factors have significantly shaped the competition for land in different global regions, particularly the three major biofuel producing ones of the USA, Brazil and Europe. This point is further developed by reviewing the different innovation pathways for biofuels in these three regions. The main conclusion of this review is firstly that any analysis requires an integrated approach to the food-energy-environment trilemma, and secondly that strategic political direction of innovation and sustainability regulation are required to bring about major shifts in agriculture leading to sustainable intensification of cultivation ( Royal Society, 2009 ), rather than the continued expansion of cultivated area. The consequent perspective is one of considerable global variety in technologies, agricultural productive systems, and use of natural resources. This contrasts sharply with the world of a dominant global and integrated technology platform based on petro-chemicals to which we have become accustomed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "330", "food", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "HM Sociology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "630", "biofuels", "innovation", "12. Responsible consumption", "competition for land", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-07", "title": "Societal importance of Antarctic negative feedbacks on climate change: blue carbon gains from sea ice, ice shelf and glacier losses", "description": "AbstractDiminishing prospects for environmental preservation under climate change are intensifying efforts to boost capture, storage and sequestration (long-term burial) of carbon. However, as Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s biological carbon sinks also shrink, remediation has become a key part of the narrative for terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast, blue carbon on polar continental shelves have stronger pathways to sequestration and have increased with climate-forced marine ice losses\uffe2\uff80\uff94becoming the largest known natural negative feedback on climate change. Here we explore the size and complex dynamics of blue carbon gains with spatiotemporal changes in sea ice (60\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 MtCyear\uffe2\uff88\uff921), ice shelves (4\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 MtCyear\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89giant iceberg generation) and glacier retreat (<\uffe2\uff80\uff891 MtCyear\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Estimates suggest that, amongst these, reduced duration of seasonal sea ice is most important. Decreasing sea ice extent drives longer (not necessarily larger biomass) smaller cell-sized phytoplankton blooms, increasing growth of many primary consumers and benthic carbon storage\uffe2\uff80\uff94where sequestration chances are maximal. However, sea ice losses also create positive feedbacks in shallow waters through increased iceberg movement and scouring of benthos. Unlike loss of sea ice, which enhances existing sinks, ice shelf losses generate brand new carbon sinks both where giant icebergs were, and in their wake. These also generate small positive feedbacks from scouring, minimised by repeat scouring at biodiversity hotspots. Blue carbon change from glacier retreat has been least well quantified, and although emerging fjords are small areas, they have high storage-sequestration conversion efficiencies, whilst blue carbon in polar waters faces many diverse and complex stressors. The identity of these are known (e.g. fishing, warming, ocean acidification, non-indigenous species and plastic pollution) but not their magnitude of impact. In order to mediate multiple stressors, research should focus on wider verification of blue carbon gains, projecting future change, and the broader environmental and economic benefits to safeguard blue carbon ecosystems through law.\u00a00.05) difference between irrigation frequencies regarding the maximum grain yield; however, at lower deficit irrigation regime, medium irrigation frequency resulted in lower grain yield. There was a decrease in grain yield with the 125\u00a0% FIT as compared to the FIT, which had statistically similar yield as 75\u00a0% FIT. Irrigation rate significantly impacted grain yield in 2005, 2006 and 2007, while irrigation frequency was only significant during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons (two dry years) and the interacting effect was only significant in the driest year of 2005 (P\u00a0=\u00a00.006). For the pooled data from 2005 to 2008, irrigation rate was significant (P\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and irrigation frequency was also significant (P\u00a0=\u00a00.015), but their interaction was not significant (P\u00a0=\u00a00.207). Overall, there were no significant differences between irrigation frequencies in terms of grain yield. Ky had interannual variation and average seasonal Ky values were 1.65, 0.91, 0.91 and 0.83 in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, and the pooled data (2005\u20132008) Ky value were 1.14.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "evapotranspiration", "15. Life on land", "maize", "water use", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "irrigation", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-016-0502-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Irrigation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00271-016-0502-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00271-016-0502-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00271-016-0502-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-27", "title": "Biological Nitrogen Fixation By Common Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Increases With Bio-Char Additions", "description": "This study examines the potential, magnitude, and causes of enhanced biological N2 fixation (BNF) by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through bio-char additions (charcoal, biomass-derived black carbon). Bio-char was added at 0, 30, 60, and 90 g kg\u22121 soil, and BNF was determined using the isotope dilution method after adding 15N-enriched ammonium sulfate to a Typic Haplustox cropped to a potentially nodulating bean variety (CIAT BAT 477) in comparison to its non-nodulating isoline (BAT 477NN), both inoculated with effective Rhizobium strains. The proportion of fixed N increased from 50% without bio-char additions to 72% with 90 g kg\u22121 bio-char added. While total N derived from the atmosphere (NdfA) significantly increased by 49 and 78% with 30 and 60 g kg\u22121 bio-char added to soil, respectively, NdfA decreased to 30% above the control with 90 g kg\u22121 due to low total biomass production and N uptake. The primary reason for the higher BNF with bio-char additions was the greater B and Mo availability, whereas greater K, Ca, and P availability, as well as higher pH and lower N availability and Al saturation, may have contributed to a lesser extent. Enhanced mycorrhizal infections of roots were not found to contribute to better nutrient uptake and BNF. Bean yield increased by 46% and biomass production by 39% over the control at 90 and 60 g kg\u22121 bio-char, respectively. However, biomass production and total N uptake decreased when bio-char applications were increased to 90 g kg\u22121. Soil N uptake by N-fixing beans decreased by 14, 17, and 50% when 30, 60, and 90 g kg\u22121 bio-char were added to soil, whereas the C/N ratios increased from 16 to 23.7, 28, and 35, respectively. Results demonstrate the potential of bio-char applications to improve N input into agroecosystems while pointing out the needs for long-term field studies to better understand the effects of bio-char on BNF.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "fijaci\u00f3n biol\u00f3gica del nitr\u00f3geno", "phaseolus vulgaris", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "biological nitrogen fixation", "15. Life on land", "suelo \u00e1cido", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "acid soils", "6. Clean water", "rhizobium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mycorrhizae", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Juan Ram\u00edrez, Johannes Lehmann, Mar\u00eda del Pilar Hurtado, Marco Antonio Rond\u00f3n, Marco Antonio Rond\u00f3n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-22", "title": "Nitrogen Dynamics Of Anaerobically Digested Slurry Used To Fertilize Paddy Fields", "description": "To determine nitrogen (N) fate and environmental impact of applying anaerobic digestion slurry (ADS) to rice paddy (Oryza sativa L.), a field experiment was established using three treatments based on contrasting N application rate. The ADS (with ammonium-N accounting for >80 % of total N) treatment at a conventional application rate of 270 kg N ha\u22121 was compared to a negative control (no N fertilizer) and a positive control of urea applied at 270 kg N ha\u22121. The N budget showed the following distribution of applied N from ADS and urea: 41.3 \u00b1 5.1 % for ADS and 36.6 \u00b1 4.4 % for urea recovered by the rice plant (including straw, grain, and root), 16.4 \u00b1 3.7 % for ADS and 7.4 \u00b1 1.8 % for urea lost via ammonia volatilization, 0.26 \u00b1 0.15 % for ADS and 0.15 \u00b1 0.12 % for urea lost by direct N2O emission, 1.9 \u00b1 0.5 % for ADS and 2.3 \u00b1 0.8 % for urea leached downward, 0.70 \u00b1 0.15 % for ADS and 0.67 \u00b1 0.12 % for urea discharged with floodwater drainage, and 39.4 \u00b1 8.4 % for ADS and 53.0 \u00b1 9.1 % for urea retained by soil or lost by N2 emission. Compared to urea application, ADS application impacts the environment mainly through gaseous N losses rather than water N losses. ADS application had a positive impact on rice grain yield and reduced chemical fertilizer use. Considering the wide distribution of paddy fields and the ever-increasing quantities of ADS, ADS may serve as a valuable N source for rice cultivation, although mitigating ammonia and N2O losses should be further investigated.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Ammonia volatilization", "Biological Sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Nitrogen-use efficiency", "6. Clean water", "Anaerobically digested slurry", "Denitrification", "Paddy field", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Zero Hunger", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt3d16p0gn/qt3d16p0gn.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-013-0852-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-28", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Thinning On Soil Respiration In A Pine (Pinus Tabulaeformis) Plantation", "description": "Respiration was measured at daytime during the growing seasons (May\u2013October) of 2011 and 2012 in a young Pinus tabulaeformis plantation with heavy, medium and light intensity thinning and unthinned control plots in Shanxi province in northern China. Soil temperature, moisture, fine root biomass, amounts of soil organic C and litterfall biomass were also measured. We found that immediately following thinning treatments, soil respiration increased by 8\u00a0%\u201321\u00a0% compared with the unthinned control plots during both growing seasons. Thinning significantly affected soil respiration and soil temperature with different thinning intensities, while there were no significant differences in soil moisture among the various treatments. During the growing seasons, the soil respiration rates were positively correlated with the soil moisture: the 19.4\u00a0%\u201354.0\u00a0% variation in soil respiration rates in the four thinning regimes are explained by the changes in soil moisture. Meanwhile, a positive correlation was found between soil temperature and soil respiration rates at all sites. The best fitting model with temperature and moisture explained 44.3\u00a0% of the variation in soil respiration in the high thinning treatment, 27.6\u00a0% in the light thinning treatment, 18.6\u00a0% in medium thinning and in the control sites during the measuring periods. Overall, soil respiration is better predicted by soil moisture, soil organic C, live fine root biomass and soil temperature when data are pooled for all thinning treatments over the two growing seasons. The best regression model explained 74.7\u00a0% of the total variation in soil respiration over the different thinning intensities for the two sampling periods.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-013-0852-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-013-0852-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-013-0852-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-013-0852-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-014-0950-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-09", "title": "Effect Of Biogas Digested Slurry Based-Biochar And Digested Liquid On N2o, Co2 Flux And Crop Yield For Three Continuous Cropping Cycles Of Komatsuna (Brassica Rapa Var. Perviridis)", "description": "Biogas production generates digested slurry, as a byproduct, which can be used as fertilizer after its conversion into digested liquid and biochar. A microcosm-based study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical fertilizer (CF), digested liquid (DL) and varying concentrations of biogas digested slurry based-biochar along with DL on N2O flux, CO2 flux, soil chemical properties and crop yield for three continuous cropping cycles of komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) from April to July 2013. Analyses revealed that DL-treated soils released almost equal cumulative amounts of N2O and CO2 as soils treated with CF. The soil mineral-N contents were also similar for the DL- and CF-treated soils while DL application increased the soluble organic carbon (SOC) content of the soil compared to CF treatment. The application of slurry-based biochar increased N2O and CO2 flux, which, in turn, appeared to depend upon biochar concentration. The application of biochar probably increased the nitrification rate as biochar-treated soils had higher values of NO3 \u2212-N and lower values of NH4 +-N compared to soils not treated with biochar at most of the observations. The SOC content was also the highest in biochar-treated soils. The overall crop yield for three cropping cycles was the highest in DL and biochar at low application rate (BL), and it was lower in CF, biochar at medium (BM) and high (BH) application rate. This study indicates that the application of DL could be an effective strategy to minimize the use of CF, without affecting N2O flux, CO2 flux, soil mineral N, and increasing crop productivity. The effects of slurry-based biochar on greenhouse gases flux and crop yield depends on the application rate of biochar.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0950-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-014-0950-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-014-0950-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-014-0950-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-014-0980-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-05", "title": "Carbon Sequestration Potential Of Hydrothermal Carbonization Char (Hydrochar) In Two Contrasting Soils; Results Of A 1-Year Field Study", "description": "Soil amendment with hydrochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass is suggested as a simple, cheap, and effective method for increasing soil C. We traced C derived from corn silage hydrochar (\u03b413C of \u221213\u2009\u2030) added to \u201ccoarse\u201d and \u201cfine\u201d textured soils (\u03b413C of \u221227\u2009\u2030 for native soil C (SOC)) over two cropping seasons. Respiration rates increased in both soils (p\u2009<\u20090.001) following hydrochar addition, and most of this extra respiration was derived from hydrochar C. Dissolved losses accounted for ~5\u00a0% of added hydrochar C (p\u2009<\u20090.001). After 1\u00a0year, 33\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u00a0% of the added hydrochar C was lost from both soils. Decomposition rates for the roughly two thirds of hydrochar that remained were very low, with half-life for less estimated at 19\u00a0years. In addition, hydrochar-amended soils preserved 15\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u00a0% more native SOC compared to controls (negative priming). Hydrochar negatively affected plant height (p\u2009<\u20090.01) and biomass (p\u2009<\u20090.05) in the first but not the second crop grown on both soils. Our results confirm previous laboratory studies showing that initially, hydrochar decomposes rapidly and limits plant growth. However, the negative priming effect and persistence of added hydrochar C after 1\u00a0year highlight its soil C sequestration potential, at least on decadal timescales.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0980-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-014-0980-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-014-0980-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-014-0980-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00376-006-0415-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-11", "title": "Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Three Paddy Rice Based Cultivation Systems In Southwest China", "description": "To understand methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from permanently flooded rice paddy fields and to develop mitigation options, a field experiment was conducted in situ for two years (from late 2002 to early 2005) in three rice-based cultivation systems, which are a permanently flooded rice field cultivated with a single time and followed by a, non-rice season (PF), a rice-wheat rotation system (RW) and a rice-rapeseed rotation system (RR) in a hilly area in Southwest China. The results showed that the total CH4 emissions from PF were 646.3+/-52.1 and 215.0+/-45.4 kg CH4 hm(-2) during the rice-growing period and non-rice period, respectively. Both values were much lower than many previous reports from similar regions in Southwest China. The CH4 emissions in the rice-growing season were more intensive in PF, as compared to RW and RR. Only 33% of the total annual CH4 emission in PF occurred in the non-rice season, though the duration of this season is two times longer than the rice season. The annual mean N2O flux in PF was 4.5+/-0.6 kg N2O hm(-2) yr(-1). The N2O emission in the rice-growing season was also more intensive than in the non-rice season, with only 16% of the total annual emission occurring in the non-rice season. The amounts of N2O emission in PF were ignorable compared to the CH4 emission in terms of the global warming potential (GWP). Changing PF to RW or RR not only eliminated CH4 emissions in the non-rice season, but also substantially reduced the CH4 emission during the following rice-growing period (ca. 58%, P >RR approximate to RW. The GWP of PF is higher than that of RW and RR by a factor of 2.6 and 2.7, respectively. Of the total GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions, CH4 emission contributed to 93%, 65% and 59% in PF, RW and RR, respectively. These results suggest that changing PF to RW and RR can substantially reduce not only CH4 emission but also the total GWP of the CH4 and N2O emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-006-0415-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Advances%20in%20Atmospheric%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00376-006-0415-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00376-006-0415-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00376-006-0415-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-13", "title": "Modelling Greenhouse Gas Emissions From European Conventional And Organic Dairy Farms", "description": "Abstract Agriculture is an important contributor to global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), in particular for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Emissions from farms with a stock of ruminant animals are particularly high due to CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation and manure handling, and due to the intensive nitrogen (N) cycle on such farms leading to direct and indirect N2O emissions. The whole-farm model, FarmGHG, was designed to quantify the flows of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) on dairy farms. The aim of the model was to allow quantification of effects of management practices and mitigation options on GHG emissions. The model provides assessments of emissions from both the production unit and the pre-chains. However, the model does not quantify changes in soil C storage. Model dairy farms were defined within five European agro-ecological zones for both organic and conventional systems. The model farms were all defined to have the same utilised agricultural area (50\u00a0ha). Cows on conventional and organic model farms were defined to achieve the same milk yield, so the basic difference between conventional and organic farms was expressed in the livestock density. The organic farms were defined to be 100% self-sufficient with respect to feed. The conventional farms, on the other hand, import concentrates as supplementary feed and their livestock density was defined to be 75% higher than the organic farm density. Regional differences between farms were expressed in the milk yield, the crop rotations, and the cow housing system and manure management method most common to each region. The model results showed that the emissions at farm level could be related to either the farm N surplus or the farm N efficiency. The farm N surplus appeared to be a good proxy for GHG emissions per unit of land area. The GHG emissions increased from 3.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO2-eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 at a N surplus of 56\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 to 15.9\u00a0Mg CO2-eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 at a N surplus of 319\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. The farm N surplus can relatively easily be determined on practical farms from the farm records of imports and exports and the composition of the crop rotation. The GHG emissions per product unit (milk or metabolic energy) were quite closely related to the farm N efficiency, and a doubling of the N efficiency from 12.5 to 25% reduced the emissions per product unit by ca. 50%. The farm N efficiency may therefore be used as a proxy for comparing the efficiencies of farms with respect to supplying products with a low GHG emission.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Olesen, J\u00f8rgen E., Schelde, Kirsten, Weiske, M R, Weisbjerg, Martin Riis, Asman, Willem A. H., Djurhuus, J\u00f8rgen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-04", "title": "Altered Belowground Carbon Cycling Following Land-Use Change To Perennial Bioenergy Crops", "description": "Belowground carbon (C) dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems play an important role in the global C cycle and thereby in climate regulation. Globally, land-use change is a major driver of changes in belowground C storage. The emerging bioenergy industry is likely to drive widespread land-use changes, including the replacement of annually tilled croplands with perennial bioenergy crops, and thereby to impact the climate system through alteration of belowground C dynamics. Mechanistic understanding of how land-use changes impact belowground C storage requires elucidation of changes in belowground C flows; however, altered belowground C dynamics following land-use change have yet to be thoroughly quantified through field measurements. Here, we show that belowground C cycling pathways of establishing perennial bioenergy crops (0- to 3.5-year-old miscanthus, switchgrass, and a native prairie mix) were substantially altered relative to row crop agriculture (corn-soy rotation); specifically, there were substantial increases in belowground C allocation (>400%), belowground biomass (400\u2013750%), root-associated respiration (up to 2,500%), moderate reductions in litter inputs (20\u201340%), and respiration in root-free soil (up to 50%). This more active root-associated C cycling of perennial vegetation provides a mechanism for observed net C sequestration by these perennial ecosystems, as well as commonly observed increases in soil C under perennial bioenergy crops throughout the world. The more active root-associated belowground C cycle of perennial vegetation implies a climate benefit of grassland maintenance or restoration, even if biomass is harvested annually for bioenergy production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1742-6596/1618/4/042019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:18:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-22", "title": "A method to reduce model uncertainty by fusing the output from multiple stochastic simulators", "description": "Open AccessJournal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618 (042019)", "keywords": ["0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "0101 mathematics", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/4/042019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Physics%3A%20Conference%20Series", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1742-6596/1618/4/042019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1742-6596/1618/4/042019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/4/042019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-05", "title": "Coupled Carbon And Nitrogen Inputs Increase Microbial Biomass And Activity In Prairie Bioenergy Systems", "description": "Soil microorganisms drive cycling and storage of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) through decomposition of plant root and litter inputs. However, microbial activities vary greatly in time and space as well as with land management. The goal of this study was to address the seasonal role of microbial activity in soil C and N storage and cycling in harvested prairie and corn ecosystems. We measured extracellular enzyme activity, microbial biomass, extractable soil C and N, and total soil C and N at monthly intervals across two growing seasons in fertilized and unfertilized planted tallgrass prairie and compared them with a continuous Zea mays (corn) row-crop agroecosystem. Prairie systems supported greater microbial biomass and enzyme activity compared with corn systems; fertilized prairie systems had greater microbial activity than unfertilized prairies. The magnitude, and in some cases direction, of differences in response variables among the three managed systems changed seasonally. Overall, microbial biomass and enzyme activity were stimulated by increased C inputs (roots) in prairies and were further enhanced with N additions in fertilized prairies. Furthermore, seasonal fluctuation in microbial activity underscores the importance of considering when soils are sampled to estimate and predict patterns in microbially driven C and N cycling at the ecosystem level.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/agro/2010029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-24", "title": "Renewable Energy For Sustainable Agriculture", "description": "Agriculture is the sole provider of human food. Most farm machines are driven by fossil fuels, which contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and, in turn, accelerate climate change. Such environmental damage can be mitigated by the promotion of renewable resources such as solar, wind, biomass, tidal, geo-thermal, small-scale hydro, biofuels and wave-generated power. These renewable resources have a huge potential for the agriculture industry. The farmers should be encouraged by subsidies to use renewable energy technology. The concept of sustainable agriculture lies on a delicate balance of maximizing crop productivity and maintaining economic stability, while minimizing the utilization of finite natural resources and detrimental environmental impacts. Sustainable agriculture also depends on replenishing the soil while minimizing the use of non-renewable resources, such as natural gas, which is used in converting atmospheric nitrogen into synthetic fertilizer, and mineral ores, e.g. phosphate or fossil fuel used in diesel generators for water pumping for irrigation. Hence, there is a need for promoting use of renewable energy systems for sustainable agriculture, e.g. solar photovoltaic water pumps and electricity, greenhouse technologies, solar dryers for post-harvest processing, and solar hot water heaters. In remote agricultural lands, the underground submersible solar photovoltaic water pump is economically viable and also an environmentally-friendly option as compared with a diesel generator set. If there are adverse climatic conditions for the growth of particular plants in cold climatic zones then there is need for renewable energy technology such as greenhouses for maintaining the optimum plant ambient temperature conditions for the growth of plants and vegetables. The economics of using greenhouses for plants and vegetables, and solar photovoltaic water pumps for sustainable agriculture and the environment are presented in this article. Clean development provides industrialized countries with an incentive to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions at the lowest cost. The mechanism of clean development is discussed in brief for the use of renewable systems for sustainable agricultural development specific to solar photovoltaic water pumps in India and the world. This article explains in detail the role of renewable energy in farming by connecting all aspects of agronomy with ecology, the environment, economics and societal change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "1. No poverty", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/agro/2010029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/agro/2010029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/agro/2010029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/agro/2010029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10098-010-0346-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-07", "title": "Sustainability Considerations Of Biodiesel Based On Supply Chain Analysis", "description": "Developing clean and renewable energy resources ranks as one of the greatest challenges facing mankind in the medium to long term. The issues associated with developing non-fossil energy are intimately connected with economic development and prosperity, quality of life and global stability, and require smart strategies for sustainable development. This study presents a relative sustainability assessment of biodiesel, taking into account its full life cycle with the main goal of comparing alternative feedstocks, either currently used or promising for future use such as microalgae. A set of sustainability metrics relevant for biodiesel is identified using only the data available in the literature and taking into account all the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, societal, and economic. Although this study does not attempt to identify which feedstock or process is the best, its procedural suggestions may be valuable to practitioners and policy makers seeking to identify the best alternatives. The conclusions, however, are limited by the availability and the quality of the data used in the analyses.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-010-0346-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Clean%20Technologies%20and%20Environmental%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10098-010-0346-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10098-010-0346-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10098-010-0346-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-004-1999-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-12", "title": "Biomass Production And C-Sequestration Of Gmelina Arborea In Plantation And Agroforestry System In India", "description": "Tree based land use systems make a valuable contribution to sequester carbon and improve productivity and nutrient cycling within the systems. This study was conducted to determine biomass production, C-sequestration and nitrogen allocation in Gmelina arborea planted as sole and agrisilviculture system on abandoned agricultural land. At 5 years, total stand biomass in agrisilviculture system was 14.1 Mg ha\u22121. Plantations had 35% higher biomass than agrisilviculture system. At 5 years, leaves, stem, branches and roots contributed 4.1, 65.2, 10.0 and 20.7%, respectively to total standing biomass (17.9 Mg ha\u22121). Over the 5 years of study, trees had 3.5 Mg ha\u22121 more C and 36 kg ha\u22121 more N in plantation than agrisilviculture system. Biomass and C storage followed differential allocation. Relatively more C was allocated in above ground components in plantations compared to agrisilviculture system. C:N ratios for tree components were higher in stem wood (135\u2013142) followed by roots (134\u2013139), branches (123\u2013128) and leaves (20\u201321). In agrisilviculture system crops recommended are: soybean and cowpea in rainy season; wheat and mustard in winter season. After 5 years, soil organic C increased by 51.2 and 15.1% and N by 38.4 and 9.3% in plantation and agrisilviculture system, respectively. Total C storage in abandoned agricultural land before planting was 26.3 Mg ha\u22121, which increased to 33.7 and 45.8 Mg ha\u22121 after 5 years in plantation and agrisilviculture system, respectively. Net C storage (soil + tree) was 7.4 Mg ha\u22121 in agrisilviculture system compared to 19.5 Mg ha\u22121 in G. arborea monoculture stands. The studies suggest that competitive interactions played a significant role in agrisilviculture system. Plantations were more efficient in accreting C than agrisilviculture system on abandoned agricultural land.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-004-1999-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-004-1999-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-004-1999-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-004-1999-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-13", "title": "Biochar, Hydrochar And Uncarbonized Feedstock Application To Permanent Grassland\u2014Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Plant Growth", "description": "Abstract Both reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration have the potential to reduce global climate warming and avoid dangerous climate change. We assessed the sequestration potential as well as possible risks and benefits of carbon amendments (16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04% of soil organic C) from Miscanthus\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0giganteus in different carbonization stages of a temperate grassland soil together with pig slurry: (1) untreated dried biomass (feedstock), (2) hydrothermally carbonized biomass (hydrochar) and (3) pyrolyzed biomass (biochar) in comparison to a control (only pig slurry application). The field study was complemented by a laboratory incubation study, followed by a growth experiment with Lolium perenne. In the field, greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) were monitored weekly over 1.5 years and over three months in the lab. Initial nitrogen losses via ammonia emissions after substrate\u2013slurry application were assessed in an additional greenhouse study. We found that biochar reduced soil and ecosystem respiration in incubation and in the field, respectively. Additionally, biochar improved methane oxidation, though restricted by emissions outbursts due to slurry amendment. It also reduced N2O emissions significantly in the lab study but not in the field. Hydrochar and feedstock proved to be easily degradable in incubation, but had no effect on ecosystem respiration in the field. Feedstock amendment significantly increased N2O emissions in incubation and one year after application likewise in the field. In a growth experiment subsequent to the incubation, only biochar amendment increased L. perenne biomass (+29%) significantly, likely due to N retention. In the field, biochar caused a significant shift in the plant species composition from grasses to forbs, whereas hydrochar significantly reduced yields within two growth periods (2011 and 2012). Ammonia emissions were significantly higher with feedstock and biochar compared to the control or acidic hydrochar. The overall results indicate that biochar is better suited for C sequestration and GHG mitigation in grasslands than hydrochar or the uncarbonized feedstock. However, NH3 emission reductions may only occur when the biochar is neutral or slightly acidic.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christian Koch, Sonja Schimmelpfennig, Ludger Gr\u00fcnhage, Christoph M\u00fcller, Christoph M\u00fcller, Claudia Kammann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-23", "title": "Carbon Sequestration Through Agroforestry In Indigenous Communities Of Chiapas, Mexico", "description": "The importance of agroforestry systems as carbon sinks has recently been recognized due to the need of climate change mitigation. The objective of this study was to compare the carbon content in living biomass, soil (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm in depth), dead organic matter between a set of non-agroforestry and agroforestry prototypes in Chiapas, Mexico where the carbon sequestration programme called Scolel'te has been carried out. The prototypes compared were: traditional maize (rotational prototype with pioneer native trees evaluated in the crop period), Taungya (maize with timber trees), improved fallow, traditional fallow (the last three rotational prototypes in the crop-free period), Inga-shade-organic coffee, polyculture-shade organic coffee, polyculture-non-organic coffee, pasture without trees, pasture with live fences, and pasture with scattered trees. Taungya and improved fallow were designed agroforestry prototypes, while the others were reproduced traditional systems. Seventy-nine plots were selected in three agro-climatic zones. Carbon in living biomass, dead biomass, and soil organic matter was measured in each plot. Results showed that carbon in living biomass and dead organic matter were different according to prototype; while soil organic carbon and total carbon were influenced mostly by the agro-climatic zone (P < 0.01). Carbon density in the high tropical agro-climatic zone (1,000 m) was higher compared to the intermediate and low tropical agro-climatic zones (600 and 200 m, respectively, P < 0.01). All the systems contained more carbon than traditional maize and pastures without trees. Silvopastoral systems, improved fallow, Taungya and coffee systems (especially polyculture-shade coffee and organic coffee) have the potential to sequester carbon via growing trees. Agroforestry systems could also contribute to carbon sequestration and reducing emissions when burning is avoided. The potential of organic coffee to maintain carbon in soil and to reduce emissions from deforestation and ecosystem degradation (REDD) is discussed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-27", "title": "Biomass Production And Carbon Stocks In Poplar-Crop Intercropping Systems: A Case Study In Northwestern Jiangsu, China", "description": "The importance of agroforestry systems in CO2 mitigation has become recognized worldwide in recent years. However, little is known about carbon (C) sequestered in poplar intercropping systems. The main objective of this study is to compare the effects of three poplar intercropping designs (configuration A: 250 trees ha\u22121; configuration B: 167 trees ha\u22121 and configuration C: 94 trees ha\u22121) and two intercropping systems (wheat\u2013corn cropping system and wheat\u2013soybean cropping system) on biomass production and C stocks in poplar intercropping systems. The experiment was conducted at Suqian Ecological Demonstration Garden of fast-growing poplar plantations in northwestern Jiangsu. A significant difference in C concentration was observed among the poplar biomass components investigated (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05), with the highest value in stemwood and the lowest in fine roots, ranging from 459.9 to 526.7\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121. There was also a significant difference in C concentration among the different crop components (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05), and the highest concentration was observed in the corn ear. Over the 5-year period, the total poplar biomass increased with increasing tree density, ranging from 8.77 to 15.12\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, while annual biomass production among the crops ranged from 4.69 to 16.58\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in the three configurations. Overall, total C stock in the poplar intercropping system was affected by configurations and cropping systems, and configuration A obtained the largest total C stock, reaching 16.7\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 for the wheat\u2013soybean cropping system and 18.9\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 for the wheat\u2013corn cropping system. Results from this case study suggest that configuration A was a relative optimum poplar intercropping system both for economic benefits and for C sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shengzuo Fang, Qixiang Sun, Hailing Li, Lebei Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-26", "title": "Coarse Root Biomass, Carbon, And Nutrient Stock Dynamics Of Different Stem And Crown Classes Of Silver Oak (Grevillea Robusta A. Cunn. Ex. R. Br.) Plantation In Central Kerala, India", "description": "Belowground biomass production is a vital process that contributes to carbon sequestration. The relative proportion of belowground carbon allocation, however, varies with species, age, ecoclimatic conditions and crown dominance categories of trees. Here we compare the coarse root biomass and nutrient stocks of different stem size/crown class categories of 21-year-old Grevillea robusta stand in Kerala, India and the soil carbon/nutrient stocks of the G. robusta stand with an adjoining unplanted site. Root systems of 18 trees of three stem diameter/crown classes (5\u201315, 15\u201325, and\u00a0>25\u00a0cm: suppressed\u00a0+\u00a0intermediate, co-dominant and dominant crown classes, respectively) were excavated and their coarse root biomass estimated. Mean coarse root biomass ranged from 12.94 to 59.81\u00a0kg tree\u22121 with production of 18.45\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (mean annual increment\u00a0=\u00a00.88\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121). Medium sized trees (co-dominant) had the highest root:shoot ratio, followed by intermediate and suppressed crown classes and the dominant trees had the least values, implying persistence strategies of the suppressed, intermediate and co-dominant trees under conditions of resource limitation. Coarse roots accounted for 8.04\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 C while soil organic carbon pool (0\u2013100\u00a0cm) was 77.56\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 C, as against 66.04\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 for contiguous treeless plots. Coarse roots accrued 24.87\u00a0kg\u00a0N, 1.66\u00a0kg P and 21.06\u00a0kg\u00a0K per ha. G. robusta stand exhibited higher NPK stocks in the lower soil layers, compared to treeless controls. Deep rooted G. robusta trees (>1.0\u00a0m) thus have the potential to enrich lower layers of the soil profile through plant cycling of nutrients, which is important for on-site nutrient conservation and resource sharing with associated field crops.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-010-9511-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-07", "title": "Long Term Effects Of Whole Tree Harvesting On Soil Carbon And Nutrient Sustainability In The Uk", "description": "The practice of harvesting forest residues is rapidly increasing due to rising demand for renewable energy. However, major concerns have been raised about the sustainability of this practice and its net impact on long term soil ability to support forest productivity, particularly through second and subsequent rotations. In this study, soil chemical properties such as acidity, total N and C, available NO3\u2013N and NH4\u2013N and exchangeable cations were measured in all horizons in peaty gleys soils under one of the oldest experiments in Europe\u2014a 28-year-old second rotation stand of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), in Kielder forest, UK. Treatments included Whole Tree Harvesting (WTH\u2014of all above ground biomass), Conventional stem-only harvesting (CH) of the first rotation crop, and repeated Fertilisation (FE) after the planting of the second rotation forest. This study demonstrates the soil changes underpinning the reduced second rotation tree productivity on these acidic upland sites under WTH, a further 18 years after the investigation by Proe and Dutch (1994). Overall, WTH increased soil acidity significantly (p < 0.05) and reduced soil base saturation whilst FE reduced soil acidity (p < 0.05) and increased soil base saturation as compared to CH. Soil moisture was significantly higher (p < 0.01) under WTH compared to CH and FE plots. There was no evidence that WTH decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen (N), but to the contrary there were significantly (p < 0.01) higher concentrations and stocks of total C and N in the WTH soils compared with CH and FE. The depletion of SOC and N in CH and FE plots was attributed to much higher soil mineralisation rates associated with the brash and fertilisation as compared to the WTH plots, where significantly less soil available NO3\u2013N (p < 0.01) was found. In the long term WTH on peaty gley soils appears positive for soil C and N storage. However, WTH had a long term negative impact on soil and tree nutrition of K+ and P, which are currently at deficient levels, but has had a stabilising effect on tree N nutrition as measured in twigs and needles. These results suggest that whilst WTH lead to a reduction in aboveground tree biomass compared to conventional harvest, these practices on selected soil types and certain sites may be beneficial for soil C and N sequestration. The overall findings of this study imply that cost benefit analyses for each site should be carried out before decisions are made on the appropriate type of forest operations (harvesting and replanting), considering both geology and soils in order to serve both environmental benefits, long term sustainability and the available biomass production for timber and biofuel.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9511-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-010-9511-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-010-9511-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-010-9511-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-021-00759-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-26", "title": "How much carbon can be added to soil by sorption?", "description": "Abstract
Quantifying the upper limit of stable soil carbon storage is essential for guiding policies to increase soil carbon storage. One pool of carbon considered particularly stable across climate zones and soil types is formed when dissolved organic carbon sorbs to minerals. We quantified, for the first time, the potential of mineral soils to sorb additional dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for six soil orders. We compiled 402 laboratory sorption experiments to estimate the additional DOC sorption potential, that is the potential of excess DOC sorption in addition to the existing background level already sorbed in each soil sample. We estimated this potential using gridded climate and soil geochemical variables within a machine learning model. We find that mid- and low-latitude soils and subsoils have a greater capacity to store DOC by sorption compared to high-latitude soils and topsoils. The global additional DOC sorption potential for six soil orders is estimated to be 107 $$ pm$$ \uffc2\uffb1 13 Pg C to 1\uffc2\uffa0m depth. If this potential was realized, it would represent a 7% increase in the existing total carbon stock.Establishing parkland agroforestry on currently treeless cropland in the West African Sahel may help mitigate climate change. To evaluate its potential, we used climatically suitable ranges for parklands for 19 climate scenarios, derived by ecological niche modeling, for estimating potential carbon stocks in parkland and treeless cropland. A biocarbon business model was used to evaluate profitability of hypothetical Terrestrial Carbon Projects (TCPs), across a range of farm sizes, farm numbers, carbon prices and benefit sharing mechanisms. Using climate analogues, we explored potential climate change trajectories for selected locations. If mature parklands covered their maximum range, carbon stocks in Sahelian productive land would be about 1,284\uffc2\uffa0Tg, compared to 725\uffc2\uffa0Tg in a treeless scenario. Due to slow increase rates of total system carbon by 0.4\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 a\uffe2\uff88\uff921, most TCPs at carbon prices that seem realistic today were not feasible, or required the participation of large numbers of farmers. For small farms, few TCP scenarios were feasible, and low Net Present Values for farmers made it unlikely that carbon payments would motivate many to participate in TCPs, unless additional benefits were provided. Climate analogue locations indicated an uncertain climate trajectory for the Sahel, but most scenarios projected increasing aridity and reduced suitability for parklands. The potentially severe impacts of climate change on Sahelian ecosystems and the uncertain profitability of TCPs make the Sahel highly risky for carbon investments. Given the likelihood of degrading environmental conditions, the search for appropriate adaptation strategies should take precedence over promoting mitigation activities.
", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Carbon accounting", "Atmospheric Science", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Economics", "Profitability index", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Climate change mitigation", "Range (aeronautics)", "Rangeland Degradation", "Natural resource economics", "Soil water", "11. Sustainability", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "Carbon fibers", "Climate change", "Business", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Physical Sciences", "Composite material", "Atmospheric carbon cycle", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental science", "Global Forest Transition", "Agroforestry", "climate", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "Materials science", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation", "Finance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climatic%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10584-012-0650-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-17", "title": "Implications Of Simultaneously Mitigating And Adapting To Climate Change: Initial Experiments Using Gcam", "description": "Most research on future climate change discusses mitigation and impacts/adaptation separately. However, mitigation will have implications for impacts and adaptation. Similarly, impacts and adaptation will affect mitigation. This paper begins to explore these two veins of research simultaneously using an integrated assessment model. We begin by discussing the types of interactions one might expect by impact sector. Then, we develop a numerical experiment in the agriculture sector to illustrate the importance of considering mitigation, impacts, and adaptation at the same time. In our experiment, we find that climate change can reduce crop yields, resulting in an expansion of cropland to feed a growing population and a reduction in bioenergy production. These two effects, in combination, result in an increase in the cost of mitigation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0650-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climatic%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10584-012-0650-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10584-012-0650-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10584-012-0650-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10584-012-0678-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-17", "title": "Can Radiative Forcing Be Limited To 2.6\u00a0Wm\u22122 Without Negative Emissions From Bioenergy And Co2 Capture And Storage?", "description": "Combining bioenergy and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) technologies (BECCS) has the potential to remove CO2 from the atmosphere while producing useful energy. BECCS has played a central role in scenarios that reduce climate forcing to low levels such as 2.6 Wm\u22122. In this paper we consider whether BECCS is essential to limiting radiative forcing (RF) to 2.6 Wm\u22122 by 2100 using the Global Change Assessment Model, a closely coupled model of biogeophysical and human Earth systems. We show that BECCS can potentially reduce the cost of limiting RF to 2.6 Wm\u22122 by 2100 but that a variety of technology combinations that do not include BECCS can also achieve this goal, under appropriate emissions mitigation policies. We note that with appropriate supporting land-use policies terrestrial sequestration could deliver carbon storage ranging from 200 to 700 PgCO2-equiavalent over the 21st century. We explore substantial delays in participation by some geopolitical regions. We find that the value of BECCS is substantially higher under delay and that delay results in higher transient RF and climate change. However, when major regions postponed mitigation indefinitely, it was impossible to return RF to 2.6 Wm\u22122 by 2100. Neither finite land resources nor finite potential geologic storage capacity represented a meaningful technical limit on the ability of BECCS to contribute to emissions mitigation in the numerical experiments reported in this paper.", "keywords": ["Atmospheric Science", "Global and Planetary Change", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0678-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climatic%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10584-012-0678-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10584-012-0678-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10584-012-0678-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-18T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=7.+Clean+energy&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=7.+Clean+energy&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=7.+Clean+energy&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=7.+Clean+energy&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 1161, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-01T23:10:02.495940Z"}