{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/jsfa.5647", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-19", "title": "Influence Of Rootstock On Drought Response In Young \u2018Gale Gala\u2019 Apple (Malus Domestica Borkh.) Trees", "description": "Abstract

BACKGROUND: Drought is a major environmental stress limiting plant growth, productivity, and survival worldwide. Rootstocks are widely used to enhance plants resistance to drought stresses. This study determined influence of rootstock on drought responses in 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old \uffe2\uff80\uff98Gale Gala\uffe2\uff80\uff99 apple trees grafted onto Malus sieversii or M. hupehensis.

RESULTS: Choice of rootstock resulted in differential response to drought stress. Specifically, M. sieversii caused less drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in relative growth rate, biomass accumulation, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, relative water content, photosynthesis rate and maximum chlorophyll fluorescence yield but greater increase in whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant water use efficiency compared to M. hupehensis. Secondly, compared with M. hupehensis, M. sieversii caused less drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species but more increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, xylem sap abscisic acid concentration was greater in trees grafted onto M. hupehensis than in those grafted onto M. sieversii under drought stress.

CONCLUSION: \uffe2\uff80\uff98Gale Gala\uffe2\uff80\uff99 trees' response to drought stress was associated with the rootstock's genotype onto which it was grafted. Trees with M. sieversii as rootstock are more drought resistant than trees with M. hupehensis as rootstock, which suggests that M. sieversii can be widely used as rootstock in arid and semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid regions. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

", "keywords": ["Chlorophyll", "0301 basic medicine", "Plant Roots", "Antioxidants", "Fluorescence", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "Species Specificity", "Stress", " Physiological", "Xylem", "Biomass", "Photosynthesis", "2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Leaves", "Malus", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Reactive Oxygen Species", "Abscisic Acid"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Binghua Liu, Fengwang Ma, Dong Liang, Yangjun Zou, Liang Cheng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5647"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.5647", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.5647", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.5647"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-28", "title": "Plant Responses To Drought Stress And Exogenous Aba Application Are Modulated Differently By Mycorrhization In Tomato And An Aba-Deficient Mutant (Sitiens)", "description": "The aims of the present study are to find out whether the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis on plant resistance to water deficit are mediated by the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content of the host plant and whether the exogenous ABA application modifies such effects. The ABA-deficient tomato mutant sitiens and its near-isogenic wild-type parental line were used. Plant development, physiology, and expression of plant genes expected to be modulated by AM symbiosis, drought, and ABA were studied. Results showed that only wild-type tomato plants responded positively to mycorrhizal inoculation, while AM symbiosis was not observed to have any effect on plant development in sitiens plants grown under well-watered conditions. The application of ABA to sitiens plants enhanced plant growth both under well-watered and drought stress conditions. In respect to sitiens plants subjected to drought stress, the addition of ABA had a cumulative effect in relation to that of inoculation with G. intraradices. Most of the genes analyzed in this study showed different regulation patterns in wild-type and sitiens plants, suggesting that their gene expression is modulated by the plant ABA phenotype. In the same way, the colonization of roots with the AM fungus G. intraradices differently regulated the expression of these genes in wild-type and in sitiens plants, which could explain the distinctive effect of the symbiosis on each plant ABA phenotype. This also suggests that the effects of the AM symbiosis on plant responses and resistance to water deficit are mediated by the plant ABA phenotype.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "Plant Roots", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Mycorrhizae", "Mutation", "Symbiosis", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102405", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-26", "title": "Turning up the volume: How root branching adaptive responses aid water foraging", "description": "Access to water is critical for all forms of life. Plants primarily access water through their roots. Root traits such as branching are highly sensitive to water availability, enabling plants to adapt their root architecture to match soil moisture distribution. Lateral root adaptive responses hydropatterning and xerobranching ensure new branches only form when roots are in direct contact with moist soil. Root traits are also strongly influenced by atmospheric humidity, where a rapid drop leads to a promotion of root growth and branching. The plant hormones auxin and/or abscisic acid (ABA) play key roles in regulating these adaptive responses. We discuss how these signals are part of a novel 'water-sensing' mechanism that couples hormone movement with hydrodynamics to orchestrate root branching responses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "6. Clean water", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102405"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Current%20Opinion%20in%20Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102405", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102405", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102405"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.2201072119", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-18", "title": "Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms", "description": "

Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene inhibits root elongation and promotes radial expansion in compacted soil, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and cortical cell radial expansion. Rice mutants of ABA biosynthetic genes had attenuated cortical cell radial expansion in compacted soil, leading to better penetration. Soil compaction-induced ethylene also up-regulates the auxin biosynthesis gene OsYUC8 . Mutants lacking OsYUC8 are better able to penetrate compacted soil. The auxin influx transporter OsAUX1 is also required to mobilize auxin from the root tip to the elongation zone during a root compaction response. Moreover, osaux1 mutants penetrate compacted soil better than the wild-type roots and do not exhibit cortical cell radial expansion. We conclude that ethylene uses auxin and ABA as downstream signals to modify rice root cell elongation and radial expansion, causing root tips to swell and reducing their ability to penetrate compacted soil. Soil salinity presents a dual challenge for plants, involving both osmotic and ionic stress. In response, plants deploy distinct yet interconnected mechanisms to cope with these facets of salinity stress. In this investigation, we observed a substantial overlap in the salt (NaCl)-induced transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis roots with those triggered by osmotic stress or the plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA), as anticipated. Notably, a specific cluster of genes responded uniquely to sodium (Na + ) ions and are not regulated by the known monovalent cation sensing mechanism MOCA1 . Surprisingly, expression of sodium-induced genes exhibited a negative correlation with the ABA response and preceded the activation of genes induced by the osmotic stress component of salt. Elevated exogenous ABA levels resulted in the complete abolition of sodium-induced responses. Consistently, the ABA insensitive snrk2.2/2.3 double mutant displayed prolonged sodium-induced gene expression, coupled with increased root cell damage and root swelling under high salinity conditions. Moreover, ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants were unable to redirect root growth to avoid high sodium concentrations and had increased sodium accumulation in the shoot. In summary, our findings unveil an unexpected and pivotal role for ABA signaling in mitigating cellular damage induced by salinity stress and modulating sodium-induced responses in plant roots. miR156 is a conserved microRNA whose role and induction mechanisms under stress are poorly known. Strigolactones are phytohormones needed in shoots for drought acclimation. They promote stomatal closure ABA\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependently and independently; however, downstream effectors for the former have not been identified. Linkage between miR156 and strigolactones under stress has not been reported. We compared ABA accumulation and sensitivity as well as performances of wt and miR156\uffe2\uff80\uff90overexpressing (miR156\uffe2\uff80\uff90oe) tomato plants during drought. We also quantified miR156 levels in wt, strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted and strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated plants, exposed to drought stress. Under irrigated conditions, miR156 overexpression and strigolactone treatment led to lower stomatal conductance and higher ABA sensitivity. Exogenous strigolactones were sufficient for miR156 accumulation in leaves, while endogenous strigolactones were required for miR156 induction by drought. The \uffe2\uff80\uff9cafter\uffe2\uff80\uff90effect\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of drought, by which stomata do not completely re\uffe2\uff80\uff90open after rewatering, was enhanced by both strigolactones and miR156. The transcript profiles of several miR156 targets were altered in strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted plants. Our results show that strigolactones act as a molecular link between drought and miR156 in tomato, and identify miR156 as a mediator of ABA\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent effect of strigolactones on the after\uffe2\uff80\uff90effect of drought on stomata. Thus, we provide insights into both strigolactone and miR156 action on stomata.

", "keywords": ["Osmotic stress", "0301 basic medicine", "Stress-responsive microRNA", "stomata", "hormone signalling", "after-effect of drought", "abscisic acid (ABA); after-effect of drought; hormone signalling; osmotic stress; Solanum lycopersicum; stomata; stress-responsive microRNA", "Lactones", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Stomata", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Dehydration", "After-effect of drought", "15. Life on land", "Abscisic acid (ABA)", "Hormone signalling", "6. Clean water", "MicroRNAs", "RNA", " Plant", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "abscisic acid (ABA)", "stress-responsive microRNA", "osmotic stress", "Heterocyclic Compounds", " 3-Ring", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1764369/1/Visentin%20et%20al_PCE_R2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/pce.13758", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/pce.13758", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ppl.70252", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-30", "title": "Differential xylem phytohormone export from dry and wet roots during partial rootzone drying is independent of shoot\u2010to\u2010root transport in soybean", "description": "Abstract

Different phytohormones can act as root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot signalling molecules in response to soil drying. Recent findings suggest that root ABA levels are predominantly leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90sourced and not locally synthesized, thus, ABA exported from the roots in the xylem is mostly recycled from the shoot. To explain the differential root hormone accumulation observed under partial rootzone drying (PRD) that imposes distinct dry and wet parts of the root zone, we grafted \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctwo\uffe2\uff80\uff90root, one\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff9d soybean plants to independently assess xylem export of different phytohormones from either part of the root zone. Grafts were subjected to a combination of girdling (either part, all, or none of the rootzone) and irrigation (homogenously well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered (WW) and PRD). PRD did not increase foliar ABA but decreased stomatal conductance, attributed to decreased leaf water potential and/or increased xylem sap ABA, JA, or ACC concentrations. In contrast, the foliar ABA increments that accompanied girdling\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stomatal closure were proportional to the root fraction to which phloem transport was interrupted. Irrespective of girdling, root ABA accumulation (and xylem ABA export from) was highest in the dry PRD rootzone, xylem jasmonic acid (JA) in the wet PRD rootzone, and xylem ACC in both rootzones of PRD plants. Thus, soil drying of the dry root zone and transient overwatering of the wet root zone enhanced ACC export in PRD plants. We conclude that root water status during PRD enhances root ABA, JA and ACC synthesis and xylem export, independent of shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90root transport.The hybrid Richter\uffe2\uff80\uff90110 (Vitis berlandieri\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83Vitis rupestris) (R\uffe2\uff80\uff90110) has the reputation of being a genotype strongly adapted to drought. A study was performed with plants of R\uffe2\uff80\uff90110 subjected to water withholding followed by re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering. The goal was to analyze how stomatal conductance (gs) is regulated with respect to different physiological variables under water stress and recovery, as well as how water stress affects adjustments of water use efficiency (WUE) at the leaf level. Water stress induced a substantial stomatal closure and an increase in WUE, which persisted many days after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering. The gs during water stress was mainly related to the content of ABA in the xylem and partly related to plant hydraulic conductivity but not to leaf water potential. By contrast, low gs during re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering did not correlate with ABA contents and was only related to a sustained decreased hydraulic conductivity. In addition to a complex physiological regulation of stomatal closure, gs and rate of transpiration (E) were strongly affected by leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in a way dependent of the treatment. Interestingly, E increased with increasing VPD in control plants, but decreased with increasing VPD in severely stressed plants. All together, the fine stomatal regulation in R\uffe2\uff80\uff90110 resulted in very high WUE at the leaf level. This genotype is revealed to be very interesting for further studies on the physiological mechanisms leading to regulation of stomatal responsiveness and WUE in response to drought.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Picea abies", "Stomatal conductance; water use efficiency; water stress; drought; water potential; water relations; plant hydraulics; abscisic acid; vapour pressure deficit", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "svinec", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/581", "15. Life on land", "sadike", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Stomata", "Hybridization", " Genetic", "Vitis", "citokinin"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physiologia%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-18", "title": "Lower Incidence And Severity Of Tomato Virus In Elevated Co2 Is Accompanied By Modulated Plant Induced Defence In Tomato", "description": "Abstract

Elevation in atmospheric CO2 concentration broadly affects plant phenology and physiology, and these effects may alter the performance of plant viruses. The effects of elevated CO2 on the susceptibility of tomato plants to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were examined for two successive years in open top chambers (OTC) in the field. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that elevated CO2 would reduce the incidence and severity of TYLCV on tomato by altering plant defence strategies. Our results showed that elevated CO2 decreased TYLCV disease incidence (by 14.6% in 2009 and 11.8% in 2010) and decreased disease severity (by 20.0% in 2009 and 10.4% in 2010). Elevated CO2 also decreased the level of TYLCV coat protein in tomato leaves. Regardless of virus infection, elevated CO2 increased plant height and aboveground biomass. Additionally, elevated CO2 increased the leaf C:N ratio of tomato, but decreased soluble protein content in leaves. Notably, elevated CO2 increased the salicylic acid (SA) level in uninfected and infected plants. In contrast, elevated CO2 reduced jasmonic acid (JA) in uninfected plants while it increased JA and abscisic acid (ABA) in virus\uffe2\uff80\uff90infected plants. Furthermore, combined exogenous SA and JA application enhanced resistance to TYLCV more than application of either SA or JA alone. Our results suggest that the modulated antagonistic relationship between SA and JA under elevated CO2 makes a great contribution to increased tomato resistance to TYLCV, and the predicted increases in tomato productivity may be enhanced by reduced plant virus susceptibility under projected rising CO2 conditions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Plant Stems", "Cyclopentanes", "Carbon Dioxide", "3. Good health", "Plant Viruses", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Capsid Proteins", "Oxylipins", "Salicylic Acid", "Abscisic Acid", "Disease Resistance", "Plant Diseases"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yuhan Sun, H. Cao, Feng Ge, L. Huang, L. Ye, Q. Ren,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.add3771", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-17", "title": "Hydraulic flux\u2013responsive hormone redistribution determines root branching", "description": "

Plant roots exhibit plasticity in their branching patterns to forage efficiently for heterogeneously distributed resources, such as soil water. The xerobranching response represses lateral root formation when roots lose contact with water. Here, we show that xerobranching is regulated by radial movement of the phloem-derived hormone abscisic acid, which disrupts intercellular communication between inner and outer cell layers through plasmodesmata. Closure of these intercellular pores disrupts the inward movement of the hormone signal auxin, blocking lateral root branching. Once root tips regain contact with moisture, the abscisic acid response rapidly attenuates. Our study reveals how roots adapt their branching pattern to heterogeneous soil water conditions by linking changes in hydraulic flux with dynamic hormone redistribution.

", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "550", "Indoleacetic Acids", "Plasmodesmata", "Arabidopsis", "Water", "Phloem", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/180301/1/Poonam_add3771_Main_manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add3771"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.add3771", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.add3771", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.add3771"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/211164", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-04", "title": "Abscisic Acid Coordinates Dose-Dependent Developmental and Hydraulic Responses of Roots to Water Deficit", "description": "Root water uptake is influenced by root system architecture, which is determined by root growth and branching and the hydraulics of root cells and tissues. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in the adaptation of plants to water deficit (WD). Here we addressed at the whole-root level in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) the regulatory role of ABA in mechanisms that determine root hydraulic architecture. Root system architecture and root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) were analyzed in hydroponically grown plants subjected to varying degrees of WD induced by various polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. The majority of root traits investigated, including first- and second-order lateral root production and elongation and whole-root hydraulics, had a bell-shaped dependency on WD, displaying stimulation under mild WD conditions (25 g PEG L-1) and repression under more severe conditions. These traits also showed a bell-shaped dependency on exogenous ABA, and their regulation by WD was attenuated in genotypes altered in ABA biosynthesis and response. Thus, we propose that ABA acts as a coordinator and an integrator of most root responses to mild and moderate WD, whereas responses to strong WD (150 g PEG L-1) are largely ABA independent. We also found that roots exhibit different growth responses to both WD and ABA depending on their rank and age. Taken together, our results give further insights into the coordinated water acquisition strategies of roots deployed in relation to WD intensity.", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "6. Clean water", "Polyethylene Glycols", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "03 medical and health sciences", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/hal-02139355/file/Rosales-A.M.-et%20al-PostPrint-PlantPhysiol-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/211164"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/211164", "name": "item", "description": "10261/211164", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/211164"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11104/0341036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-18", "title": "Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms", "description": "

Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene inhibits root elongation and promotes radial expansion in compacted soil, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and cortical cell radial expansion. Rice mutants of ABA biosynthetic genes had attenuated cortical cell radial expansion in compacted soil, leading to better penetration. Soil compaction-induced ethylene also up-regulates the auxin biosynthesis gene OsYUC8 . Mutants lacking OsYUC8 are better able to penetrate compacted soil. The auxin influx transporter OsAUX1 is also required to mobilize auxin from the root tip to the elongation zone during a root compaction response. Moreover, osaux1 mutants penetrate compacted soil better than the wild-type roots and do not exhibit cortical cell radial expansion. We conclude that ethylene uses auxin and ABA as downstream signals to modify rice root cell elongation and radial expansion, causing root tips to swell and reducing their ability to penetrate compacted soil.

Plant roots exhibit plasticity in their branching patterns to forage efficiently for heterogeneously distributed resources, such as soil water. The xerobranching response represses lateral root formation when roots lose contact with water. Here, we show that xerobranching is regulated by radial movement of the phloem-derived hormone abscisic acid, which disrupts intercellular communication between inner and outer cell layers through plasmodesmata. Closure of these intercellular pores disrupts the inward movement of the hormone signal auxin, blocking lateral root branching. Once root tips regain contact with moisture, the abscisic acid response rapidly attenuates. Our study reveals how roots adapt their branching pattern to heterogeneous soil water conditions by linking changes in hydraulic flux with dynamic hormone redistribution.

", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "550", "Indoleacetic Acids", "Plasmodesmata", "Arabidopsis", "Water", "Phloem", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/180301/1/Poonam_add3771_Main_manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/267255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/267255", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/267255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/267255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2948359459", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:27:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-04", "title": "Abscisic Acid Coordinates Dose-Dependent Developmental and Hydraulic Responses of Roots to Water Deficit", "description": "Root water uptake is influenced by root system architecture, which is determined by root growth and branching and the hydraulics of root cells and tissues. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in the adaptation of plants to water deficit (WD). Here we addressed at the whole-root level in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) the regulatory role of ABA in mechanisms that determine root hydraulic architecture. Root system architecture and root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) were analyzed in hydroponically grown plants subjected to varying degrees of WD induced by various polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. The majority of root traits investigated, including first- and second-order lateral root production and elongation and whole-root hydraulics, had a bell-shaped dependency on WD, displaying stimulation under mild WD conditions (25 g PEG L-1) and repression under more severe conditions. These traits also showed a bell-shaped dependency on exogenous ABA, and their regulation by WD was attenuated in genotypes altered in ABA biosynthesis and response. Thus, we propose that ABA acts as a coordinator and an integrator of most root responses to mild and moderate WD, whereas responses to strong WD (150 g PEG L-1) are largely ABA independent. We also found that roots exhibit different growth responses to both WD and ABA depending on their rank and age. Taken together, our results give further insights into the coordinated water acquisition strategies of roots deployed in relation to WD intensity.", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "6. Clean water", "Polyethylene Glycols", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "03 medical and health sciences", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/hal-02139355/file/Rosales-A.M.-et%20al-PostPrint-PlantPhysiol-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2948359459"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2948359459", "name": "item", "description": "2948359459", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2948359459"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "37379661", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:27:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-26", "title": "Turning up the volume: How root branching adaptive responses aid water foraging", "description": "Access to water is critical for all forms of life. Plants primarily access water through their roots. Root traits such as branching are highly sensitive to water availability, enabling plants to adapt their root architecture to match soil moisture distribution. Lateral root adaptive responses hydropatterning and xerobranching ensure new branches only form when roots are in direct contact with moist soil. Root traits are also strongly influenced by atmospheric humidity, where a rapid drop leads to a promotion of root growth and branching. The plant hormones auxin and/or abscisic acid (ABA) play key roles in regulating these adaptive responses. We discuss how these signals are part of a novel 'water-sensing' mechanism that couples hormone movement with hydrodynamics to orchestrate root branching responses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "6. Clean water", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/37379661"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Current%20Opinion%20in%20Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "37379661", "name": "item", "description": "37379661", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/37379661"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "40302147", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:27:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-30", "title": "Differential xylem phytohormone export from dry and wet roots during partial rootzone drying is independent of shoot\u2010to\u2010root transport in soybean", "description": "Abstract

Different phytohormones can act as root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot signalling molecules in response to soil drying. Recent findings suggest that root ABA levels are predominantly leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90sourced and not locally synthesized, thus, ABA exported from the roots in the xylem is mostly recycled from the shoot. To explain the differential root hormone accumulation observed under partial rootzone drying (PRD) that imposes distinct dry and wet parts of the root zone, we grafted \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctwo\uffe2\uff80\uff90root, one\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff9d soybean plants to independently assess xylem export of different phytohormones from either part of the root zone. Grafts were subjected to a combination of girdling (either part, all, or none of the rootzone) and irrigation (homogenously well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered (WW) and PRD). PRD did not increase foliar ABA but decreased stomatal conductance, attributed to decreased leaf water potential and/or increased xylem sap ABA, JA, or ACC concentrations. In contrast, the foliar ABA increments that accompanied girdling\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stomatal closure were proportional to the root fraction to which phloem transport was interrupted. Irrespective of girdling, root ABA accumulation (and xylem ABA export from) was highest in the dry PRD rootzone, xylem jasmonic acid (JA) in the wet PRD rootzone, and xylem ACC in both rootzones of PRD plants. Thus, soil drying of the dry root zone and transient overwatering of the wet root zone enhanced ACC export in PRD plants. We conclude that root water status during PRD enhances root ABA, JA and ACC synthesis and xylem export, independent of shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90root transport. Soil salinity presents a dual challenge for plants, involving both osmotic and ionic stress. In response, plants deploy distinct yet interconnected mechanisms to cope with these facets of salinity stress. In this investigation, we observed a substantial overlap in the salt (NaCl)-induced transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis roots with those triggered by osmotic stress or the plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA), as anticipated. Notably, a specific cluster of genes responded uniquely to sodium (Na + ) ions and are not regulated by the known monovalent cation sensing mechanism MOCA1 . Surprisingly, expression of sodium-induced genes exhibited a negative correlation with the ABA response and preceded the activation of genes induced by the osmotic stress component of salt. Elevated exogenous ABA levels resulted in the complete abolition of sodium-induced responses. Consistently, the ABA insensitive snrk2.2/2.3 double mutant displayed prolonged sodium-induced gene expression, coupled with increased root cell damage and root swelling under high salinity conditions. Moreover, ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants were unable to redirect root growth to avoid high sodium concentrations and had increased sodium accumulation in the shoot. In summary, our findings unveil an unexpected and pivotal role for ABA signaling in mitigating cellular damage induced by salinity stress and modulating sodium-induced responses in plant roots. Different phytohormones can act as root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot signalling molecules in response to soil drying. Recent findings suggest that root ABA levels are predominantly leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90sourced and not locally synthesized, thus, ABA exported from the roots in the xylem is mostly recycled from the shoot. To explain the differential root hormone accumulation observed under partial rootzone drying (PRD) that imposes distinct dry and wet parts of the root zone, we grafted \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctwo\uffe2\uff80\uff90root, one\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff9d soybean plants to independently assess xylem export of different phytohormones from either part of the root zone. Grafts were subjected to a combination of girdling (either part, all, or none of the rootzone) and irrigation (homogenously well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered (WW) and PRD). PRD did not increase foliar ABA but decreased stomatal conductance, attributed to decreased leaf water potential and/or increased xylem sap ABA, JA, or ACC concentrations. In contrast, the foliar ABA increments that accompanied girdling\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stomatal closure were proportional to the root fraction to which phloem transport was interrupted. Irrespective of girdling, root ABA accumulation (and xylem ABA export from) was highest in the dry PRD rootzone, xylem jasmonic acid (JA) in the wet PRD rootzone, and xylem ACC in both rootzones of PRD plants. Thus, soil drying of the dry root zone and transient overwatering of the wet root zone enhanced ACC export in PRD plants. We conclude that root water status during PRD enhances root ABA, JA and ACC synthesis and xylem export, independent of shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90root transport.