Addressing concerns about future food supply and climate change requires management practices that maximize productivity per unit of arable land while reducing negative environmental impact. On-farm data were evaluated to assess energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of irrigated maize in Nebraska that received large nitrogen (N) fertilizer (183 kg of N\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) and irrigation water inputs (272 mm or 2,720 m 3 ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ). Although energy inputs (30 GJ\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) were larger than those reported for US maize systems in previous studies, irrigated maize in central Nebraska achieved higher grain and net energy yields (13.2 Mg\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 159 GJ\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 , respectively) and lower GHG-emission intensity (231 kg of CO 2 e\uffe2\uff8b\uff85Mg \uffe2\uff88\uff921 of grain). Greater input-use efficiencies, especially for N fertilizer, were responsible for better performance of these irrigated systems, compared with much lower-yielding, mostly rainfed maize systems in previous studies. Large variation in energy inputs and GHG emissions across irrigated fields in the present study resulted from differences in applied irrigation water amount and imbalances between applied N inputs and crop N demand, indicating potential to further improve environmental performance through better management of these inputs. Observed variation in N-use efficiency, at any level of applied N inputs, suggests that an N-balance approach may be more appropriate for estimating soil N 2 O emissions than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change approach based on a fixed proportion of applied N. Negative correlation between GHG-emission intensity and net energy yield supports the proposition that achieving high yields, large positive energy balance, and low GHG emissions in intensive cropping systems are not conflicting goals.
", "keywords": ["land use change", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "330", "Databases", " Factual", "Plant Sciences", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Nebraska", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop intensification", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agro-ecosystem", "Fertilizers", "environmental footprint"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grassini, Patricio, Cassman, Kenneth,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116364109"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1116364109"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envint.2020.106190", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-26", "title": "Treated wastewater irrigation promotes the spread of antibiotic resistance into subsoil pore-water", "description": "In the present study, we investigated the impact of treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in subsoil pore-water, a so-far under-appreciated matrix. We hypothesized that TWW irrigation increases ARG prevalence in subsoil pore-water. This hypothesis was tested using a multiphase approach, which consisted of sampling percolated subsoil pore-water from lysimeter-wells of a real-scale TWW-irrigated field, operated for commercial farming practices, and controlled, laboratory microcosms irrigated with freshwater or TWW. We monitored the abundance of six selected ARGs (sul1, blaOXA-58, tetM, qnrS, blaCTX-M-32 and blaTEM), the intI1 gene associated with mobile genetic elements and an indicator for anthropogenic pollution and bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene) by qPCR. The bacterial load of subsoil pore water was independent of both, irrigation intensity in the field study and irrigation water type in the microcosms. Among the tested genes in the field study, sul1 and intI1 exhibited constantly higher relative abundances. Their abundance was further positively correlated with increasing irrigation intensity. Controlled microcosm experiments verified the observed field study results: the relative abundance of several genes, including sul1 and intI1, increased significantly when irrigating with TWW compared to freshwater irrigation. Overall, TWW irrigation promoted the spread of ARGs and intI1 in the subsoil pore-water, while the bacterial load was maintained. The combined results from the real-scale agricultural field and the controlled lab microcosms indicate that the dissemination of ARGs in various subsurface environments needs to be taken into account during TWW irrigation scenarios.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Antibiotic resistance", "Water", "Subsoil pore-water", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "Wastewater", "Wastewater reuse", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Environmental sciences", "qPCR", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "ARGs", "GE1-350", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106190"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environment%20International", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envint.2020.106190", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envint.2020.106190", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106190"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ps.4546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-03", "title": "Behaviour Of Bentazon As Influenced By Water And Tillage Management In Rice-Growing Conditions", "description": "AbstractBentazon is a widely used herbicide in rice agroecosystems that has commonly been found in water resources. To assess how tillage and water regimes affect sorption/desorption, dissipation and leaching of bentazon in Mediterranean rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing conditions, field experiments were carried out using tillage and flooding (TF), tillage and sprinkler irrigation (TS), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS) and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS7). After 3 years, the Kd values in TS were 2.3, 1.6 and 1.7 times lower than the values in NTS7, NTS and TF respectively. Greater sorption of bentazon was related to higher contents in total organic carbon and, although to a lesser extent, in humic acids and dissolved organic carbon. The persistence of bentazon was significantly greater under anaerobic (half\uffe2\uff80\uff90life DT50 = 94.1\uffe2\uff80\uff93135 days) than under aerobic (DT50 = 42.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9391.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89days) incubation conditions for all management regimes. Leaching losses of bentazon were reduced from 78 and 74% in TS and TF to 61 and 62% in NTS7 and NTS respectively. The mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term implementation of sprinkler irrigation in combination with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage could be considered a management system that is effective at reducing water contamination by bentazon in Mediterranean rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing agroecosystems. \uffc2\uffa9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Agricultural Irrigation", "3103", "Herbicides", "Water Pollution", "Bentazona", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Benzothiadiazines", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Crop Production", "Bentazon", "Sorption", "Sorci\u00f3n", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Laboreo", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pest%20Management%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ps.4546", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ps.4546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ps.4546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-10", "title": "Simultaneous determination of multiclass antibiotics and their metabolites in four types of field-grown vegetables", "description": "The developed method was evaluated for the determination of 10 antibiotics belonging to four chemical classes (fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, lincosamides, and metoxybenzylpyrimidines) and six of their metabolites in four vegetable matrices (lettuce, tomato, cauliflower, and broad beans). The reported method detection limits were sufficiently low (0.1-5.8\u00a0ng/g dry weight) to detect target compounds in vegetables under real agricultural practices. Absolute and relative recovery values ranged from 40 to 118% and from 70 to 118%, respectively, for all targeted compounds at the spike level of 100\u00a0ng/g dry weight. Regarding method precision, the highest relative standard deviation (RSD) was obtained for enrofloxacin in lettuce (20%), while for the rest of the compounds in all matrices, the RSD values were below 20% for the same spike level. Matrix effects, due to electrospray ionization, ranged from -\u200926 to 29% for 85% of all estimated values. In a field study, four of the 10 targeted antibiotics were detected in tested vegetables. For the first time, antibiotic metabolites were quantified in vegetables grown under real field conditions. More specifically, decarboxyl ofloxacin and TMP304 were detected in tomato fruits (1.5\u00a0ng/g dry weight) and lettuce leaves (21.0-23.1\u00a0ng/g dry weight), respectively. It is important to remark that the concentration of TMP304 was five times higher than that from the parental compound, emphasizing the importance of metabolite analysis in monitoring studies. Therefore, the method provided a robust, reliable, and simple-to-use tool that could prove useful for routine multiclass analysis of antibiotics and their metabolites in vegetable samples. Graphical abstract.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Spectrometry", " Mass", " Electrospray Ionization", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Solid Phase Extraction", "Reproducibility of Results", "LC-ESI-MS/MS", "01 natural sciences", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "0104 chemical sciences", "3. Good health", "Antibiotics", "Limit of Detection", "Ultrasound-assisted extraction", "Vegetables", "Metabolites", "Chromatography", " Liquid", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tadi\u0107, \u0110or\u0111e, Matamoros, V\u00edctor, Bayona, Josep M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytical%20and%20Bioanalytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-019-06540-w", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-23", "title": "Evaluating the performance of SALTMED model under alternate irrigation using saline and fresh water strategies to winter wheat in the North China Plain", "description": "The effective water management in the North China Plain (NCP) needs a tool to predict winter wheat production due to water quality. A large quantity of brackish water is stored underground in this region, and whether this water can be used properly in agriculture is becoming a crucial issue that is about to be resolved. The SALTMED model is a generic modeling tool for efficient irrigation management strategies, especially for cyclic use of saline and fresh water as well as different water qualities, and it still needs further investigation for alternate irrigation using saline and fresh water at different growth stages of winter wheat. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of SALTMED model and simulate the production of winter wheat grown under different irrigation strategies. Irrigation strategies comprised rain-fed cultivation (NI), fresh and saline water irrigation (FS), saline and fresh water irrigation (SF), saline water irrigation (SS), and fresh water irrigation (FF). Three-year observed data were used for the validations of SALTMED model. The values of evaluation indices of relative error, RMSE, NRMSE, index of agreement (D-index), and R2 between simulated and observed grain yield were 6.8%, 0.8, 10.7, 0.9, and 0.9, respectively. The model results supported and matched the observed data and indicated similar differences among the irrigated and rain-fed treatments. It is concluded that the SALTMED model is able to predict grain yield of winter wheat and its productivity under the alternate irrigation using saline and fresh water and their interaction in the climate condition of the NCP", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Fresh water", "Water productivity", "Rain", "Water", "Agriculture", "Fresh Water", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Winter wheat", "Model - Saline water", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Grain yield", "Edible Grain", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06540-w"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-019-06540-w", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-019-06540-w", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-019-06540-w"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-26", "title": "Mitigating Global Warming Potentials Of Methane And Nitrous Oxide Gases From Rice Paddies Under Different Irrigation Regimes", "description": "A field experiment was conducted in Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm to investigate the mitigating effects of soil amendments such as calcium carbide, calcium silicate, phosphogypsum, and biochar with urea fertilizer on global warming potentials (GWPs) of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases during rice cultivation under continuous and intermittent irrigations. Among the amendments phosphogypsum and silicate fertilizer, being potential source of electron acceptors, decreased maximum level of seasonal CH4 flux by 25-27\u00a0% and 32-38\u00a0% in continuous and intermittent irrigations, respectively. Biochar and calcium carbide amendments, acting as nitrification inhibitors, decreased N2O emissions by 36-40\u00a0% and 26-30\u00a0% under continuous and intermittent irrigations, respectively. The total GWP of CH4 and N2O gases were decreased by 7-27\u00a0% and 6-34\u00a0% with calcium carbide, phosphogypsum, and silicate fertilizer amendments under continuous and intermittent irrigations, respectively. However, biochar amendments increased overall GWP of CH4 and N2O gases.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Bangladesh", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Nitrous Oxide", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/AMBIO", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110398", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-12", "title": "New strategies to overcome water limitation in cultivated maize: Results from sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization", "description": "The increasing growth of the world's population has established an unprecedented pressure in the availability of fresh water resources, with food production systems consuming over 70% of the world's fresh water withdrawals. Other pressures include climate change effects and the increasing number of semi-arid regions. The present challenges are therefore the maintenance of high production rates with fewer resources, especially in regions where water is becoming less accessible. In this study, we have tested the effect of sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization in maize growth with and without water limitation. These solutions have been suggested as effective in drought conditions but an overall study of their effects on the soil water balance and root length density is lacking. We have conducted a pot experiment with maize for 101 days where measurements in soil water content and root length were taken. Also, Hydrus 2-D was used to simulate the root water uptake and calculate the water balance. Results show that both sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization increase the root system by 21% and 34% respectively in water stress situation. Also, in the case of no water stress, silicon fertilization still induces an increase of 11% in the root development, showing that this solution has positive effects even when the crop is not hydrologically limited. Indeed the root water uptake was higher for the silicon treatment when no water limitation was present (71.6\u00a0L), compared to the sub-surface irrigation (62.5\u00a0L) and the control (62.3\u00a0L). While sub-surface irrigation generally decreased evaporation, the silicon treatment lowered drainage by promoting a better and more efficient root water uptake.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Silicon", "Soil", "Agricultural Irrigation", "13. Climate action", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110398"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110398", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110398", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110398"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-07", "title": "Occurrence and human health risk assessment of antibiotics and their metabolites in vegetables grown in field-scale agricultural systems", "description": "The occurrence of antibiotics (ABs) in four types of commercially grown vegetables (lettuce leaves, tomato fruits, cauliflower inflorescences, and broad bean seeds) was analyzed to assess the human exposure and health risks associated with different agronomical practices. Out of 16 targeted AB residues, seven ABs belonging to three groups (i.e., benzyl pyrimidines, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides) were above the method detection limit in vegetable samples ranging from 0.09 ng g-1 to 3.61 ng g-1 fresh weight. Data analysis (quantile regression models, principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis) showed manure application, irrigation with river water (indirect wastewater reuse), and vegetable type to be the most significant factors for AB occurrence in the targeted crops. Metabolites were detected in 70 of the 80 vegetable samples analyzed, and their occurrence was both plant- and compound-specific. In 73 % of the total samples, the concentration of AB metabolites was higher than the concentration of their parent compound. Finally, the potential human health risk estimated using the hazard quotient approach, based on the acceptable daily intake and the estimated daily intake, showed a negligible risk for human health from vegetable consumption. However, canonical-correspondence analysis showed that detected ABs explained 54 % of the total variation in AB resistance genes abundance in the vegetable samples. Thus, further studies are needed to assess the risks of antibiotic resistance promotion in vegetables and the significance of the occurrence of their metabolites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Irrigation water", "Wastewater", "Commercial crops", "Risk Assessment", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "3. Good health", "Antibiotics", "Vegetables", "Metabolites", "Humans", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-05", "title": "Management Of Irrigation Frequency And Nitrogen Fertilization To Mitigate Ghg And No Emissions From Drip-Fertigated Crops", "description": "Drip irrigation combined with split application of fertilizer nitrogen (N) dissolved in the irrigation water (i.e. drip fertigation) is commonly considered best management practice for water and nutrient efficiency. As a consequence, its use is becoming widespread. Some of the main factors (water-filled pore space, NH4(+) and NO3(-)) regulating the emissions of greenhouse gases (i.e. N2O, CO2 and CH4) and NO from agroecosystems can easily be manipulated by drip fertigation without yield penalties. In this study, we tested management options to reduce these emissions in a field experiment with a melon (Cucumis melo L.) crop. Treatments included drip irrigation frequency (weekly/daily) and type of N fertilizer (urea/calcium nitrate) applied by fertigation. Crop yield, environmental parameters, soil mineral N concentrations and fluxes of N2O, NO, CH4 and CO2 were measured during 85 days. Fertigation with urea instead of calcium nitrate increased N2O and NO emissions by a factor of 2.4 and 2.9, respectively (P<0.005). Daily irrigation reduced NO emissions by 42% (P<0.005) but increased CO2 emissions by 21% (P<0.05) compared with weekly irrigation. We found no relation between irrigation frequency and N2O emissions. Based on yield-scaled Global Warming Potential as well as NO cumulative emissions, we conclude that weekly fertigation with a NO3(-)-based fertilizer is the best option to combine agronomic productivity with environmental sustainability. Our study shows that adequate management of drip fertigation, while contributing to the attainment of water and food security, may provide an opportunity for climate change mitigation.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "oxide emissions", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Climate Change", "water", "Nitrous Oxide", "n2o emissions", "nitric-oxide", "treated pig slurries", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "Air Pollution", "Fertilizers", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "carbon", "Agricultura", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "field", "6. Clean water", "mediterranean climate", "13. Climate action", "potato", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2019.114906", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-23", "title": "Antibiotic resistance and class 1 integron gene dynamics along effluent, reclaimed wastewater irrigated soil, crop continua: elucidating potential risks and ecological constraints", "description": "Reuse of municipal wastewater is a growing global trend, but currently there is lack of consensus regarding the potential dissemination of antibiotic resistance elements by treated wastewater irrigation. We tracked intI1, a proxy for anthropogenic pollution, and an assemblage of antibiotic resistance genes associated with mobile elements and/or wastewater (blaGES, blaOXA2, blaOXA10, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-32 and qnrS) in treated wastewater effluents, effluent stabilization reservoirs, and along irrigation water-soil-crop continua in experimental lysimeters and large-scale commercial fields. While several of the targeted antibiotic resistance genes were profuse in effluents, there was almost no correlation between gene abundance in irrigation water and those detected in soil, and no evidence of systematic gene transfer to irrigated soil or crops. In contrast, soil intI1 abundance correlated strongly to irrigation water levels in lysimeters and sandy field soils, but this was not the case for clay-rich soils or for most of the analyzed crops, suggesting that intI1 may not always be a reliable marker for tracking the impact of treated wastewater irrigation. We hypothesize that 'ecological boundaries' expedited by biotic and abiotic factors constrain dissemination of antibiotic resistance elements, and assert that a more holistic perception of these factors is crucial for understanding and managing antibiotic resistance dissemination.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Genes", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "Wastewater", "15. Life on land", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Integrons", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.114906"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2019.114906", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2019.114906", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2019.114906"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2021.116818", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-08", "title": "Antibiotic resistance gene load and irrigation intensity determine the impact of wastewater irrigation on antimicrobial resistance in the soil microbiome", "description": "Treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation is a useful counter-measure against the depletion of freshwater (FW) resources. However, TWW contains several contaminants of emerging concern, such as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). Thus, TWW irrigation might promote the spread of antimicrobial resistance in soil environments. In the present work, we hypothesized that the ARG load and irrigation intensity define the effect of TWW irrigation on ARG spread dynamics in soil. This hypothesis was tested using a multiphase approach: a) comparing soil from a full-scale, commercially operated, TWW irrigated field with non-irrigated soil, b) long-term sampling of the TWW irrigated field over one year with different irrigation intensities and intercepted by irrigation breaks and c) laboratory-scale soil microcosms irrigated with TWW compared to FW. Six ARGs, the integrase gene intI1 and the 16S rRNA were quantified using qPCR. In addition, effects of TWW irrigation on bacterial community composition of microcosm-samples were analysed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The genes sul1, qnrS, blaOXA-58, tet(M) and intI1 were significantly more abundant in the TWW irrigated field soil, whereas blaCTX--M-32 and blaTEM, the least abundant genes in the TWW irrigation, showed higher abundance in the non-irrigated soil. The relative abundance of sul1, qnrS, blaOXA-58, tet(M) and intI1 correlated with TWW irrigation intensity and decreased during irrigation breaks. Despite the decrease, the levels of these genes remained consistently higher than the non-irrigated soil indicating persistence upon their introduction into the soil. Microcosm experiments verified observations from the field study: TWW irrigation promoted the spread of ARGs and intI1 into soil at far elevated levels compared to FW irrigation. However, the impact of TWW irrigation on 16S rRNA absolute abundance and the soil microbial community composition was negligible. In conclusion, the impact of TWW irrigation depends mainly on the introduced ARG load and the irrigation intensity.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Microbiota", "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors", "Wastewater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Drug Resistance", " Bacterial", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.116818"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2021.116818", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2021.116818", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2021.116818"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.0c01565", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-15", "title": "Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Gene Levels in Soil after Irrigation with Treated Wastewater: A Comparison between Heterogeneous Photocatalysis and Chlorination", "description": "Wastewater (WW) reuse is expected to be increasingly indispensable in future water management to mitigate water scarcity. However, this increases the risk of antibiotic resistance (AR) dissemination via irrigation. Herein, a conventional (chlorination) and an advanced oxidation process (heterogeneous photocatalysis (HPC)) were used to disinfect urban WW to the same target of Escherichia coli <10 CFU/100 mL and used to irrigate lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa) set up in four groups, each receiving one of four water types, secondary WW (positive control), fresh water (negative control), chlorinated WW, and HPC WW. Four genes were monitored in water and soil, 16S rRNA as an indicator of total bacterial load, intI1 as a gene commonly associated with anthropogenic activity and AR, and two AR genes blaOXA-10 and qnrS. Irrigation with secondary WW resulted in higher dry soil levels of intI1 (from 1.4 \u00d7 104 copies/g before irrigation to 3.3 \u00d7 105 copies/g after). HPC-treated wastewater showed higher copy numbers of intI1 in the irrigated soil than chlorination, but the opposite was true for blaOXA-10. The results indicate that the current treatment is insufficient to prevent dissemination of AR markers and that HPC does not offer a clear advantage over chlorination.", "keywords": ["Agricultural Irrigation", "Halogenation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "02 engineering and technology", "Wastewater", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Soil", "antibiotic resistance; wastewater reuse; photocatalysis; wastewater irrigation", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unisa.it/bitstream/11386/4749040/1/es-2020-01565f.R1_Proof_hi.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c01565"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01565"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.0c01565", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.0c01565", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.0c01565"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.1c00612", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-28", "title": "Hidden Resistome: Enrichment Reveals the Presence of Clinically Relevant Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in Treated Wastewater-Irrigated Soils", "description": "Treated-wastewater (TW) irrigation transfers antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to soil, but persistence of these bacteria is generally low due to resilience of the soil microbiome. Nonetheless, wastewater-derived bacteria and associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may persist below detection levels and potentially proliferate under copiotrophic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we exposed soils from microcosm, lysimeter, and field experiments to short-term enrichment in copiotroph-stimulating media. In microcosms, enrichment stimulated growth of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli up to 2 weeks after falling below detection limits. Lysimeter and orchard soils irrigated in-tandem with either freshwater or TW were subjected to culture-based, qPCR and shotgun metagenomic analyses prior, and subsequent, to enrichment. Although native TW- and freshwater-irrigated soil microbiomes and resistomes were similar to each other, enrichment resulted in higher abundances of cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and in substantial differences in the composition of microbial communities and ARGs. Enrichment stimulated ARG-harboring Bacillaceae in the freshwater-irrigated soils, whereas in TWW-irrigated soils, ARG-harboring \u03b3-proteobacterial families Enterobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae were more profuse. We demonstrate that TW-derived ARB and associated ARGs can persist at below detection levels in irrigated soils and believe that similar short-term enrichment strategies can be applied for environmental antimicrobial risk assessment in the future.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "Wastewater", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "3. Good health", "Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "Humans", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.1c00612"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c00612"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.1c00612", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.1c00612", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.1c00612"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/jf1026185", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-21", "title": "Selenium Speciation In Soil And Rice: Influence Of Water Management And Se Fertilization", "description": "Rice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food for half of the world's population, but the selenium (Se) concentrations in rice grain are low in many rice-growing regions. This study investigated the effects of water management on the Se speciation dynamics in the soil solution and Se uptake and speciation in rice in a pot experiment. A control containing no Se or 0.5 mg kg(-1) of soil of selenite or selenate was added to the soil, and plants were grown under aerobic or flooded conditions. Flooding soil increased soluble Se concentration when no Se or selenite was added to the soil, but decreased it markedly when selenate was added. Selenate was the main species in the +selenate treatment, whereas selenite and selenomethionine selenium oxide were detected in the flooded soil solutions of the control and +selenite treatments. Grain Se concentration was 49% higher in the flooded than in the aerobic treatments without Se addition. In contrast, when selenate or selenite was added, the aerobically grown rice contained 25- and 2-fold, respectively, more Se in grain than the anaerobically grown rice. Analysis of Se in rice grain using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-ICP-MS and in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) showed selenomethionine to be the predominant Se species. The study showed that selenate addition to aerobic soil was the most effective way to increase Se concentration in rice grain.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Water", "Oryza", "1600 Chemistry", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Floods", "6. Clean water", "1100 Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Selenium", "Soil", "Fertilizers", "Selenium Compounds", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1026185"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/jf1026185", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/jf1026185", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/jf1026185"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-16", "title": "Assessing the impact of global climate changes on irrigated wheat yields and water requirements in a semi-arid environment of Morocco", "description": "AbstractThe present work aims to quantify the impact of climate change (CC) on the grain yields of irrigated cereals and their water requirements in the Tensift region of Morocco. The Med-CORDEX (MEDiterranean COordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment) ensemble runs under scenarios RCP4.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) and RCP8.5 are first evaluated and disaggregated using the quantile-quantile approach. The impact of CC on the duration of the main wheat phenological stages based on the degree-day approach is then analyzed. The results show that the rise in air temperature causes a shortening of the development cycle of up to 50 days. The impacts of rising temperature and changes in precipitation on wheat yields are next evaluated, based on the AquaCrop model, both with and without taking into account the fertilizing effect of CO2. As expected, optimal wheat yields will decrease on the order of 7 to 30% if CO2 concentration rise is not considered. The fertilizing effect of CO2 can counterbalance yield losses, since optimal yields could increase by 7% and 13% respectively at mid-century for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Finally, water requirements are expected to decrease by 13 to 42%, mainly in response to the shortening of the cycle. This decrease is associated with a change in temporal patterns, with the requirement peak coming two months earlier than under current conditions.
", "keywords": ["Water resources", "Atmospheric sciences", "Agricultural Irrigation", "environment/Bioclimatology", "550", "Representative Concentration Pathways", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Arid", "Rain", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Climate Change and Variability Research", "Plant Science", "Precipitation", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Downscaling", "Climate change", "Quantile", "Triticum", "Climatology", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Geography", "Temperature", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Morocco", "Phenology", "[SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "Seeds", "Physical Sciences", "Metallurgy", "Desert Climate", "Impacts of Elevated CO2 and Ozone on Plant Physiology", "Climate Change", "0207 environmental engineering", "Yield (engineering)", "Climate model", "Article", "Environmental science", "FOS: Economics and business", "Meteorology", "FOS: Mathematics", "Econometrics", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Water", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Materials science", "[SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Bioclimatology", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Crop Yield", "Mediterranean climate", "Mathematics", "Climate Modeling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55251-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep42247", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-08", "title": "Nitrate Leaching In A Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation On A Calcareous Soil As Affected By Nitrogen And Straw Management", "description": "AbstractNitrate leaching is one of the most important pathways of nitrogen (N) loss which leads to groundwater contamination or surface water eutrophication. Clarifying the rates, controlling factors and characteristics of nitrate leaching is the pre-requisite for proposing effective mitigation strategies. We investigated the effects of interactions among chemical N fertilizer, straw and manure applications on nitrogen leaching in an intensively managed calcareous Fluvo-aquic soil with winter wheat-summer maize cropping rotations on the North China Plain from October 2010 to September 2013 using ceramic suction cups and seepage water calculations based on a long-term field experiment. Annual nitrate leaching reached 38\uffe2\uff80\uff9360\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from conventional N managements, but declined by 32\uffe2\uff80\uff9371% due to optimum N, compost manure or municipal waste treatments, respectively. Nitrate leaching concentrated in the summer maize season, and fewer leaching events with high amounts are the characteristics of nitrate leaching in this region. Overuse of chemical N fertilizers, high net mineralization and nitrification, together with predominance of rainfall in the summer season with light soil texture are the main controlling factors responsible for the high nitrate leaching loss in this soil-crop-climatic system.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Regression Analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42247"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep42247", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep42247", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep42247"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-06", "title": "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Water Use, And Grain Arsenic Levels In Rice Systems", "description": "AbstractAgriculture is faced with the challenge of providing healthy food for a growing population at minimal environmental cost. Rice (Oryza sativa), the staple crop for the largest number of people on earth, is grown under flooded soil conditions and uses more water and has higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than most crops. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that alternate wetting and drying (AWD \uffe2\uff80\uff93 flooding the soil and then allowing to dry down before being reflooded) water management practices will maintain grain yields and concurrently reduce water use, greenhouse gas emissions and arsenic (As) levels in rice. Various treatments ranging in frequency and duration of AWD practices were evaluated at three locations over 2\uffc2\uffa0years. Relative to the flooded control treatment and depending on the AWD treatment, yields were reduced by <1\uffe2\uff80\uff9313%; water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency was improved by 18\uffe2\uff80\uff9363%, global warming potential (GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions) reduced by 45\uffe2\uff80\uff9390%, and grain As concentrations reduced by up to 64%. In general, as the severity of AWD increased by allowing the soil to dry out more between flood events, yields declined while the other benefits increased. The reduction in GWP was mostly attributed to a reduction in CH4 emissions as changes in N2O emissions were minimal among treatments. When AWD was practiced early in the growing season followed by flooding for remainder of season, similar yields as the flooded control were obtained but reduced water use (18%), GWP (45%) and yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled GWP (45%); although grain As concentrations were similar or higher. This highlights that multiple environmental benefits can be realized without sacrificing yield but there may be trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs to consider. Importantly, adoption of these practices will require that they are economically attractive and can be adapted to field scales.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Arkansas", "Models", " Statistical", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Arsenic", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Seeds", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12701"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12701"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13263", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-01", "title": "Elevated Atmospheric [Co2] Can Dramatically Increase Wheat Yields In Semi-Arid Environments And Buffer Against Heat Waves", "description": "AbstractWheat production will be impacted by increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 [CO2], which is expected to rise from about 400\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2015 to 550\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 by 2050. Changes to plant physiology and crop responses from elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) are well documented for some environments, but field\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses in dryland Mediterranean environments with terminal drought and heat waves are scarce. The Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility was established to compare wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and yield under ambient (~370\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2007) and e[CO2] (550\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid environments. Experiments were undertaken at two dryland sites (Horsham and Walpeup) across three years with two cultivars, two sowing times and two irrigation treatments. Mean yield stimulation due to e[CO2] was 24% at Horsham and 53% at Walpeup, with some treatment responses greater than 70%, depending on environment. Under supplemental irrigation, e[CO2] stimulated yields at Horsham by 37% compared to 13% under rainfed conditions, showing that water limited growth and yield response to e[CO2]. Heat wave effects were ameliorated under e[CO2] as shown by reductions of 31% and 54% in screenings and 10% and 12% larger kernels (Horsham and Walpeup). Greatest yield stimulations occurred in the e[CO2] late sowing and heat stressed treatments, when supplied with more water. There were no clear differences in cultivar response due to e[CO2]. Multiple regression showed that yield response to e[CO2] depended on temperatures and water availability before and after anthesis. Thus, timing of temperature and water and the crop's ability to translocate carbohydrates to the grain postanthesis were all important in determining the e[CO2] response. The large responses to e[CO2] under dryland conditions have not been previously reported and underscore the need for field level research to provide mechanistic understanding for adapting crops to a changing climate.
", "keywords": ["heat wave", "Yield", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Hot Temperature", "Victoria", "Rain", "070302 Agronomy", "dryland", "551", "Dryland", "Heat wave", "Biomass", "Triticum", "free air CO2 enrichment", "2. Zero hunger", "elevated CO2", "Atmosphere", "Australian grains free air CO2 enrichment", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "wheat; yield", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", ": Australian grains free air CO2 enrichment", "13. Climate action", "Free air CO2 enrichment", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Elevated CO2", "Edible Grain", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13263"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13263", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13263", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13263"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpr121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-07", "title": "Leaf-Trait Responses To Irrigation Of The Endemic Fog-Oasis Tree Myrcianthes Ferreyrae: Can A Fog Specialist Benefit From Regular Watering?", "description": "Myrcianthes ferreyrae is an endemic, endangered species, with a small number of individuals located only in hyperarid, fog-oases known as lomas along the Peruvian desert in southern Peru, where fog is the main source of water. Following centuries of severe deforestation, reforestation with this native species was conducted in the Atiquipa lomas, Arequipa-Per\u00fa. On five slopes, five 2-year-old seedlings were irrigated monthly with water trapped by raschel-mesh fog collectors, supplementing natural rainfall with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm month(-1) from February to August 2008. We measured plant growth, increment in basal diameter, height and five leaf traits: leaf mass area (LMA), leaf carbon isotope composition (\u03b4(13)C), nitrogen per leaf area, total leaf carbon and stomatal density; which are indicative of the physiological changes resulting from increased water supply. Plant growth rates, estimated from the variation of either shoot basal diameter or maximum height, were highly correlated with total biomass. Only LMA and \u03b4(13)C were higher in irrigated than in control plants, but we found no further differences among irrigation treatments. This threshold response suggests an on-off strategy fitted to exploit pulses of fog water, which are always limited in magnitude in comparison with natural rain. The absence of a differential response to increased water supply is in agreement with the low phenotypic plasticity expected in plants from very stressful environments. Our results have practical implications for reforestation projects, since irrigating with 20 mm per month is sufficient to achieve the full growth capacity of this species.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Isotopes", "Principal Component Analysis", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Geography", "Water", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Statistics", " Nonparametric", "6. Clean water", "Trees", "Plant Leaves", "Quantitative Trait", " Heritable", "Multivariate Analysis", "Peru", "Plant Stomata", "Biomass", "Weather"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpr121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpr121", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpr121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpr121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13637", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-30", "title": "Long-Term No-Till And Stover Retention Each Decrease The Global Warming Potential Of Irrigated Continuous Corn", "description": "AbstractOver the last 50\uffc2\uffa0years, the most increase in cultivated land area globally has been due to a doubling of irrigated land. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term agronomic management impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and global warming potential (GWP) in irrigated systems, however, remain relatively unknown. Here, residue and tillage management effects were quantified by measuring soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes and SOC changes (\uffce\uff94SOC) at a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system in eastern Nebraska, United States. Management treatments began in 2002, and measured treatments included no or high stover removal (0 or 6.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0DM\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively) under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) or conventional disk tillage (CT) with full irrigation (n\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa04). Soil N2O and CH4 fluxes were measured for five crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90years (2011\uffe2\uff80\uff932015), and \uffce\uff94SOC was determined on an equivalent mass basis to ~30\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth. Both area\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled soil N2O emissions were greater with stover retention compared to removal and for CT compared to NT, with no interaction between stover and tillage practices. Methane comprised <1% of total emissions, with NT being CH4 neutral and CT a CH4 source. Surface SOC decreased with stover removal and with CT after 14\uffc2\uffa0years of management. When \uffce\uff94SOC, soil GHG emissions, and agronomic energy usage were used to calculate system GWP, all management systems were net GHG sources. Conservation practices (NT, stover retention) each decreased system GWP compared to conventional practices (CT, stover removal), but pairing conservation practices conferred no additional mitigation benefit. Although cropping system, management equipment/timing/history, soil type, location, weather, and the depth to which \uffce\uff94SOC is measured affect the GWP outcomes of irrigated systems at large, this long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term irrigated study provides valuable empirical evidence of how management decisions can impact soil GHG emissions and surface SOC stocks.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "no-till", "Agricultural Irrigation", "nitrous oxide", "550", "methane", "Nitrous Oxide", "conventional tillage", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "Zea mays", "7. Clean energy", "630", "6. Clean water", "soil organic carbon", "Soil", "greenhouse gas intensity", "13. Climate action", "global warming potential", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "stover removal"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13637"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13637", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13637", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13637"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0204597", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:29Z", "type": 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\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632.", "keywords": ["Agricultural Irrigation", "Ecosystem respiration", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "Soil water", "Paddy field", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Primary production", "Ecology", "Respiration", "Q", "R", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Crop Production", "6. Clean water", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Seasons", "Research Article", "Science", "Soil Science", "Environmental science", "12. Responsible consumption", "Greenhouse Gases", "Fertilizers", "Irrigation", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Ecosystem", "Soil science", "Conservation of Water Resources", "Soil Fertility", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "Botany", "Water", "Oryza", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Agronomy", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204597"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0204597", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0204597", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0204597"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1155/2013/546750", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Solubility And Leaching Risks Of Organic Carbon In Paddy Soils As Affected By Irrigation Managements", "description": "Influence of nonflooding controlled irrigation (NFI) on solubility and leaching risk of soil organic carbon (SOC) were investigated. Compared with flooding irrigation (FI) paddies, soil water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in NFI paddies increased in surface soil but decreased in deep soil. The DOC leaching loss in NFI field was 63.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, reduced by 46.4% than in the FI fields. It indicated that multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90wet\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry cycles in NFI paddies enhanced the decomposition of SOC in surface soils, and less carbon moved downward to deep soils due to less percolation. That also led to lower SOC in surface soils in NFI paddies than in FI paddies, which implied that more carbon was released into the atmosphere from the surface soil in NFI paddies. Change of solubility of SOC in NFI paddies might lead to potential change in soil fertility and sustainability, greenhouse gas emission, and bioavailability of trace metals or organic pollutants.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "Agricultural Irrigation", "T", "Science", "Q", "R", "Water", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Solubility", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/546750"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1155/2013/546750", "name": "item", "description": "10.1155/2013/546750", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1155/2013/546750"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of straw returning and domestic sewage irrigation on the dynamics of NH4+-N concentration and pH in the flood water, and ammonia volatilization of paddy fields. The results showed that the NH4+-N concentration in flood water was significantly increased by wheat straw returning while significantly decreased by domestic sewage irrigation. The cumulative ammonia volatilization in the whole rice season under tap water irrigation and straw removal treatment was 58.29 kg\u00b7hm-2, accounting for 24.29% of the total N applied. The N loss ratio of ammonia volatilization was significantly increased to 45.66% by wheat straw returning, while significantly decreased to 17.26% under straw removal and 32.72% under straw returning by domestic sewage irrigation. Significant positive interaction was observed between straw incorporation and domestic sewage irrigation on ammonia volatilization loss. The average N loss from ammonia volatilization during the tillering stage was the highest among the three fertilization stages, accounting for 7.38%-24.44% of the total N applied. In addition, ammonia volatilization fluxes showed a significant positive correlation with the flood water NH4+-N concentration, irrespective of the irrigation water, but had no significant correlation with pH. These results indicated that straw returning increased ammonia volatilization losses, whereas domestic sewage irrigation could effectively reduce ammonia volatilization losses and simultaneously replace 44.41% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by the N contained in the domestic sewage. The combination of domestic sewage irrigation and straw returning would be an ecological and environmental-friendly measure for rice nitrogen management in Taihu Lake region.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Plant Stems", "Sewage", "Ammonia", "Nitrogen", "Oryza", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "01 natural sciences", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li-Hong Xue, Li-Hui Fan, Lin-Zhang Yang, Ganghua Li, Peng-Fu Hou, Shaohua Wang, Shan-Shan Xu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Huan%20jing%20ke%20xue%3D%20Huanjing%20kexue", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0139626", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-01", "title": "Profile Changes In The Soil Microbial Community When Desert Becomes Oasis", "description": "The conversion of virgin desert into oasis farmland creates two contrasting types of land-cover. During oasis formation with irrigation and fertilizer application, however, the changes in the soil microbial population, which play critical roles in the ecosystem, remain poorly understood. We applied high-throughput pyrosequencing to investigate bacterial and archaeal communities throughout the profile (0-3 m) in an experimental field, where irrigation and fertilization began in 1990 and cropped with winter wheat since then. To assess the effects of cultivation, the following treatments were compared with the virgin desert: CK (no fertilizer), PK, NK, NP, NPK, NPKR, and NPKM (R: straw residue; M: manure fertilizer). Irrigation had a greater impact on the overall microbial community than fertilizer application. The greatest impact occurred in topsoil (0-0.2 m), e.g., Cyanobacteria (25% total abundance) were most abundant in desert soil, while Actinobacteria (26%) were most abundant in oasis soil. The proportions of extremophilic and photosynthetic groups (e.g., Deinococcus-Thermus and Cyanobacteria) decreased, while the proportions of R-strategy (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria including Xanthomonadales), nitrifying (e.g., Nitrospirae), and anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Anaerolineae) increased throughout the oasis profile. Archaea occurred only in oasis soil. The impact of fertilizer application was mainly reflected in the non-dominant communities or finer taxonomic divisions. Oasis formation led to a dramatic shift in microbial community and enhanced soil enzyme activities. The rapidly increased soil moisture and decreased salt caused by irrigation were responsible for this shift. Furthermore, difference in fertilization and crop growth altered the organic carbon contents in the soil, which resulted in differences of microbial communities within oasis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Bacteria", "Science", "Q", "R", "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Desert Climate", "Fertilizers", "Water Microbiology", "Biomarkers", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yan Li, Lisong Tang, Zhongjun Jia, Chenhua Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139626"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0139626", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0139626", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0139626"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/396978", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-27", "title": "Risk assessment for uptake and accumulation of pharmaceuticals by baby leaf lettuce irrigated with reclaimed water under commercial agricultural activities", "description": "The use of reclaimed water to irrigate agricultural crops has increased in recent years as a consequence of water shortage constituting a potential risk for human health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on the soil-plant system and determining the accumulation of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF), ketoprofen (KTP) and naproxen (NPX) in the edible part of lettuce under commonly used agricultural practices in commercial production. For this purpose, red oak baby lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was irrigated with reclaimed water fortified with different concentrations of pharmaceuticals. The study was carried out in two different scenarios: soil and tray. The tray experiments were conducted with substrate and took place at three different seasons of the year. Lettuce tissue sampled from these experiments were analysed 3 times during the lettuce growing cycle (first, second and third harvest). The practices of first harvest regrowth were also evaluated. For all experiments, CBZ showed the highest accumulation in lettuce leaves of the pharmaceuticals tested, showing a correlation between irrigation exposure time and pharmaceutical uptake. Unexpectedly, DCF was the compound with the highest uptake levels after regrowth practices. Results suggested that pharmaceuticals uptake could be directly associated with the irrigation method and possible accumulation in soil and substrates, while concentration of pharmaceuticals in substrates were 10 times higher. Based on the concentration values detected in lettuce leaves, the risk assessment suggests that no compounds imply any risk to human health, except CBZ for those on vegetarian diets in the tray scenario. Although commercial agricultural practices are usually not considered with regards to risk reduction, in this experiment we demonstrated that climatic conditions are a key factor in pharmaceuticals uptake and different agricultural practices (soil cropping and drip irrigation) can limit the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in crops.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Diclofenac", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Plant uptake emerging risk", "Water", "02 engineering and technology", "Wastewater", "Risk Assessment", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil accumulation", "3. Good health", "Agricultural practices", "Soil", "Carbamazepine", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Regenerated water irrigation", "Humans", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/396978"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/396978", "name": "item", "description": "10261/396978", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/396978"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2010.0041", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-24", "title": "Nitrogen Source Effects On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Irrigated No-Till Corn", "description": "Nitrogen fertilization is essential for optimizing crop yields; however, it may potentially increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The study objective was to assess the ability of commercially available enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency N fertilizers to reduce N2O emissions following their application in comparison with conventional dry granular urea and liquid urea\uffe2\uff80\uff90ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizers in an irrigated no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) production system. Four enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency fertilizers were evaluated: two polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea products (ESN and Duration III) and two fertilizers containing nitrification and urease inhibitors (SuperU and UAN+AgrotainPlus). Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured during two growing seasons using static, vented chambers and a gas chromatograph analyzer. Enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency fertilizers significantly reduced growing\uffe2\uff80\uff90season N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emissions in comparison with urea, including UAN. SuperU and UAN+AgrotainPlus had significantly lower N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emissions than UAN. Compared with urea, SuperU reduced N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emissions 48%, ESN 34%, Duration III 31%, UAN 27%, and UAN+AgrotainPlus 53% averaged over 2 yr. Compared with UAN, UAN+AgrotainPlus reduced N2O emissions 35% and SuperU 29% averaged over 2 yr. The N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N loss as a percentage of N applied was 0.3% for urea, with all other N sources having significantly lower losses. Grain production was not reduced by the use of alternative N sources. This work shows that enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency N fertilizers can potentially reduce N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emissions without affecting yields from irrigated NT corn systems in the semiarid central Great Plains.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. D. Halvorson, S. J. Del Grosso, ALLUVIONE, Francesco,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0041"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2010.0041", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2010.0041", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2010.0041"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10451/45339", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-12", "title": "New strategies to overcome water limitation in cultivated maize: Results from sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization", "description": "The increasing growth of the world's population has established an unprecedented pressure in the availability of fresh water resources, with food production systems consuming over 70% of the world's fresh water withdrawals. Other pressures include climate change effects and the increasing number of semi-arid regions. The present challenges are therefore the maintenance of high production rates with fewer resources, especially in regions where water is becoming less accessible. In this study, we have tested the effect of sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization in maize growth with and without water limitation. These solutions have been suggested as effective in drought conditions but an overall study of their effects on the soil water balance and root length density is lacking. We have conducted a pot experiment with maize for 101 days where measurements in soil water content and root length were taken. Also, Hydrus 2-D was used to simulate the root water uptake and calculate the water balance. Results show that both sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization increase the root system by 21% and 34% respectively in water stress situation. Also, in the case of no water stress, silicon fertilization still induces an increase of 11% in the root development, showing that this solution has positive effects even when the crop is not hydrologically limited. Indeed the root water uptake was higher for the silicon treatment when no water limitation was present (71.6\u00a0L), compared to the sub-surface irrigation (62.5\u00a0L) and the control (62.3\u00a0L). While sub-surface irrigation generally decreased evaporation, the silicon treatment lowered drainage by promoting a better and more efficient root water uptake.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Silicon", "Soil", "Agricultural Irrigation", "13. Climate action", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10451/45339/1/New%20strategies%20to%20overcome%20water%20limitation.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10451/45339"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10451/45339", "name": "item", "description": "10451/45339", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10451/45339"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2981757634", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:25:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-23", "title": "Evaluating the performance of SALTMED model under alternate irrigation using saline and fresh water strategies to winter wheat in the North China Plain", "description": "The effective water management in the North China Plain (NCP) needs a tool to predict winter wheat production due to water quality. A large quantity of brackish water is stored underground in this region, and whether this water can be used properly in agriculture is becoming a crucial issue that is about to be resolved. The SALTMED model is a generic modeling tool for efficient irrigation management strategies, especially for cyclic use of saline and fresh water as well as different water qualities, and it still needs further investigation for alternate irrigation using saline and fresh water at different growth stages of winter wheat. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of SALTMED model and simulate the production of winter wheat grown under different irrigation strategies. Irrigation strategies comprised rain-fed cultivation (NI), fresh and saline water irrigation (FS), saline and fresh water irrigation (SF), saline water irrigation (SS), and fresh water irrigation (FF). Three-year observed data were used for the validations of SALTMED model. The values of evaluation indices of relative error, RMSE, NRMSE, index of agreement (D-index), and R2 between simulated and observed grain yield were 6.8%, 0.8, 10.7, 0.9, and 0.9, respectively. The model results supported and matched the observed data and indicated similar differences among the irrigated and rain-fed treatments. It is concluded that the SALTMED model is able to predict grain yield of winter wheat and its productivity under the alternate irrigation using saline and fresh water and their interaction in the climate condition of the NCP", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "China", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Fresh water", "Water productivity", "Rain", "Water", "Agriculture", "Fresh Water", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Winter wheat", "Model - Saline water", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Grain yield", "Edible Grain", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2981757634"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2981757634", "name": "item", "description": "2981757634", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2981757634"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "31646419", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:26:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-23", "title": "Evaluating the performance of SALTMED model under alternate irrigation using saline and fresh water strategies to winter wheat in the North China Plain", "description": "The effective water management in the North China Plain (NCP) needs a tool to predict winter wheat production due to water quality. A large quantity of brackish water is stored underground in this region, and whether this water can be used properly in agriculture is becoming a crucial issue that is about to be resolved. The SALTMED model is a generic modeling tool for efficient irrigation management strategies, especially for cyclic use of saline and fresh water as well as different water qualities, and it still needs further investigation for alternate irrigation using saline and fresh water at different growth stages of winter wheat. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of SALTMED model and simulate the production of winter wheat grown under different irrigation strategies. Irrigation strategies comprised rain-fed cultivation (NI), fresh and saline water irrigation (FS), saline and fresh water irrigation (SF), saline water irrigation (SS), and fresh water irrigation (FF). Three-year observed data were used for the validations of SALTMED model. The values of evaluation indices of relative error, RMSE, NRMSE, index of agreement (D-index), and R2 between simulated and observed grain yield were 6.8%, 0.8, 10.7, 0.9, and 0.9, respectively. The model results supported and matched the observed data and indicated similar differences among the irrigated and rain-fed treatments. It is concluded that the SALTMED model is able to predict grain yield of winter wheat and its productivity under the alternate irrigation using saline and fresh water and their interaction in the climate condition of the NCP", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Fresh water", "Water productivity", "Rain", "Water", "Agriculture", "Fresh Water", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Winter wheat", "Model - Saline water", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Grain yield", "Edible Grain", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/31646419"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "31646419", "name": "item", "description": "31646419", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/31646419"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Agricultural+Irrigation&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Agricultural+Irrigation&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Agricultural+Irrigation&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Agricultural+Irrigation&offset=29", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 29, "numberReturned": 29, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-26T00:14:11.929891Z"}