{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-26", "title": "Crop Growth And Nitrogen Turnover Under Increased Temperatures And Low Autumn And Winter Light Intensity", "description": "Abstract   The rise in mean annual temperatures under the projected climate change will affect both soil organic matter turnover and cropping patterns in agriculture. Nitrogen (N) mineralization may be higher during autumn and winter and may increase the risk of nitrate leaching. Our study tested whether a soil cover of winter wheat or a ryegrass catch crop would be able to take up the extra N mineralized during autumn and winter under the low light conditions in Northern Europe, both at current average temperatures (T0) and at 4\u00a0\u00b0C (T+4) and 8\u00a0\u00b0C (T+8) above average. The crops were grown in pots in growth chambers from mid-September to February. Two sowing times were included for winter wheat, with an early sowing in September representing current practice and a late sowing in October to reflect possible future cropping conditions. Biomass yield and soil inorganic N were determined from replicate pots in November, December and February. Reference pots with bare soil were included. N mineralization clearly increased with higher temperatures with, respectively, 22% and 80% more N mineralized in bare soil at T+4 and T+8 than at T0 after 136 days. The ryegrass catch crop emptied the soil of inorganic N very efficiently during both autumn and winter months at all temperatures. The early-sown wheat crop left negligible amounts of inorganic N in the soil at the last harvest in February at T+4 and T+8, whereas it was unable to take up all mineralized N at T0. The prolonged period without a crop before the late sowing of wheat caused generally higher levels of inorganic N to accumulate in soil. Despite the higher mineralization under the raised temperatures, at T+8 the late-sown winter wheat was able to reduce soil inorganic N to a lower level than late-sown wheat at the two lower temperatures. The results indicate that even at the low light intensity during autumn and winter, accelerated N mineralization caused by raised temperatures can potentially be offset by crop N uptake. However, sowing should take place sufficiently early in the autumn to give the crop time to capture the additional N mineralized during autumn, and this may collide with the projected need for later sowing of winter cereals under a warmer climate.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-10", "title": "Soil Organic Matter And Microbial Community Structure In Set-Aside And Intensively Managed Arable Soils In Ne-Saxony, Germany", "description": "Abstract   The effects of set-aside and intensive management of agricultural soils on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) mineralisation rates (gross and net rates), microbial biomass (chloroform-fumigation extraction method) and microbial community structure (phospholipid fatty acid analysis, PLFA) were assessed during one growing season (June and September). A former arable soil which has been set-aside as fallow with natural succession vegetation (\u201cfallow land\u201d) was compared to a soil under intensive agricultural management (\u201cintensive\u201d) with site conditions typical of NE-Saxony, Germany. The soil type was a sandy Cambisol. Six years of intensive agricultural management significantly decreased SOC and TN contents as well as pH and increased NO 3 -N contents in the topsoil (0\u201310\u00a0cm) compared to fallow soil. As indicated by higher gross N mineralisation rates, the potential to deliver N increased during the fallow period. However, the substrate use efficiency of microorganisms and the turnover of the microbial biomass were higher in the intensively managed soil. Independent of management system SOC mineralisation, net N mineralisation, gross NH 4  consumption and gross NO 3  transformation rates increased with increasing water content from June to September. Principal component analysis of PLFA data indicated differences in the microbial community composition between the sites. However, in total the soil microbial community was more stable against land-use changes than against seasonal changes. The PLFA profiles of both sites changed into the same direction from June to September. Only the relative abundances of PLFA marker characteristic of Gram \u2212  bacteria and fungi showed a site\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0time interaction as did the MBC/MBN ratio and the MBN content. In total, the influence of land-use on most examined parameters of the sandy Cambisol was less pronounced than seasonal changes. Therefore, set-aside and taking set-aside land back into intensive agricultural production seem to be a reasonable management practice for sites on sandy Cambisols in NE-Saxony, Germany.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-28", "title": "High-resolution and three-dimensional mapping of soil texture of China", "description": "The lack of detailed three-dimensional soil texture information largely restricts many applications in agriculture, hydrology, climate, ecology and environment. This study predicted 90 m resolution spatial variations of sand, silt and clay contents at a national extent across China and at multiple depths 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360, 60\u2013100 and 100\u2013200 cm. We used 4579 soil profiles collected from a national soil series inventory conducted recently and currently available environmental covariates. The covariates characterized environmental factors including climate, parent materials, terrain, vegetation and soil conditions. We constructed random forest models and employed a parallel computing strategy for the predictions of soil texture fractions based on its relationship with the environmental factors. Quantile regression forest was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions. Results showed that the predicted maps were much more accurate and detailed than the conventional linkage maps and the SoilGrids250m product, and could well represent spatial variation of soil texture across China. The relative accuracy improvement was around 245\u2013370% relative to the linkage maps and 83\u2013112% relative to the SoilGrids250m product with regard to the R2, and it was around 24\u201326% and 14\u201319% respectively with regard to the RMSE. The wide range between 5% lower and 95% upper prediction limits may suggest that there was a substantial room to improve current predictions. Besides, we found that climate and terrain factors are major controllers for spatial patterns of soil texture in China. The heat and water-driven physical and chemical weathering and wind-driven erosion processes primarily shape the pattern of clay content. The terrain, wind and water-driven deposition, erosion and transportation sorting processes of soil particles primarily shape the pattern of silt. The findings provide clues for modeling future soil evolution and for national soil security management under the background of global and regional environmental changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Digital soil mapping", "13. Climate action", "Large extent", "Machine learning", "Environmental factors", "Uncertainty", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:16:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-08", "title": "Smartphone-based tension disc infiltrometer for soil hydraulic characterisation", "description": "31 Pags.- 18 Figs.- 1 Tabl.  The definitive version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 The tension disc infiltrometer has become a widespread method to measure soil hydraulic properties under unsaturated conditions. Although several automated devices have been developed, most designs include an elongated water reservoir and a pressure transducer with electronic components to register the water level, increasing its cost and limiting its application. The objective of this work is to present a new tension disc infiltrometer with a compact design of 10 cm diameter and height, where the water level is monitored by a smartphone camera. The infiltration curve is determined from the automated analysis of the images recorded by the smartphone without additional electronic components. The device was first validated in the laboratory by comparing visual measurements (V), the camera imagery (Ca) and a pressure transducer (PT). Next, it was tested on field infiltration experiments. Robust fits (R2 = 0.99) were found between the water level measured with Ca in the laboratory and those obtained with V and PT procedures. The Ca method is accurate, robust and independent of the relative camera position. Good fits were also observed between Ca water level and those obtained with PT in the field experiments. Similar hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values were obtained with both sensors using the numerical solution of the Haverkamp (NSH) equation. The compact infiltrometer, in conjunction with the smartphone camera, is an accurate, accessible, portable and easy-to-use field-based device for soil hydraulic characterisation. This research was supported by the MINECO project ASBIO (PGC2018-094332-B-100) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803]. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Automated single-ring infiltrometer", "Compact design", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Infiltration rate measurements", "NSH", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-30", "title": "Relative Influence Of Wildfire On Soil Properties And Erosion Processes In Different Mediterranean Environments In Ne Spain", "description": "Abandonment of terraced soils and increased brushland cover has increased wildfire occurrence to almost an annual rate in the Cap de Creus Peninsula, NE Pyrenees Range, Province of Girona, Spain. A wildfire occurred in August 2000 and affected an area of 6760 ha of shrubs and cork trees, whereas still cultivated plots were only slightly affected. Five stations of erosion measurements, corresponding to five different environments (from present cultivation to late abandonment) were destroyed by the passage of fire, and were promptly replaced to allow to monitoring post-fire effects on soil erosion. Selected soil properties were determined monthly before the fire and during 6 months after the fire at a monthly rate. Runoff and sediment yield together with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in runoff water and organic carbon losses in eroded sediments (EOC) were evaluated throughout 2000. The last stage of abandonment, stands of cork trees, had the highest soil stability. Nevertheless, evidence of unfavourable soil conditions was detected at the shrub stage, when Cistus monspeliensis cover was the dominant opportunistic plant. This stage was considered to be a critical threshold leading either to degradation or regeneration processes according to fire frequency. A drastic change in soil properties, erosion and nutrient depletion occurred after the fire in all the environments. Statistics enabled to state that environments differed significantly in main soil properties. By statistically comparing the measured variables between the environments before and after the fire, DOC was found to be the soil parameter showing the highest significance between environments. Absolute values of erosion were low with respect to other Mediterranean environments although the shallow nature of these soils might deserve special attention because of a comparatively higher risk of degradation.", "keywords": ["Analysis of Variance", "Rain", "Electric Conductivity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Fires", "Soil", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Pollution", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-09", "title": "Microbial Degradation Of Hydrolysable And Condensed Tannin Polyphenol-Protein Complexes In Soils From Different Land-Use Histories", "description": "Abstract   Polyphenols are capable of binding to proteins and form polyphenol\u2013protein complexes thus reducing the release of N from decomposing plant materials. The objective of this work was to test if under polyphenol-rich vegetations adapted microbial communities had developed capable of breaking down recalcitrant polyphenol\u2013protein complexes. Soils used for this investigation were from different 10-year-old tropical agricultural systems (maize, sugarcane plots and Gliricidia sepium or Peltophorum dasyrrachis woodlots) and natural systems (secondary forest and Imperata cylindrica grassland). TA (tannic acid, hydrolysable tannin), QUE (quebracho, condensed tannin), BSA (bovine serum albumin, protein) or TA/BSA and QUE/BSA polyphenol\u2013protein complexes were incubated at 28\u00a0\u00b0C in these soils. CO2-C and 13C evolution were periodically monitored and mineral N release, microbial biomass N and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles measured at the end.  QUE was able to bind about 25% more protein than TA. In all systems the individual uncomplexed substrates were more easily degraded than the complexes. On average, net cumulative CO2-C evolution from TA/BSA complexes was more than 5 times higher than from QUE/BSA complexes, indicating higher C availability and/or lower protection capability of TA compared to QUE. However, net N release was higher from QUE/BSA than from TA/BSA probably due to their higher protein-binding capacity and associated larger degradation of partly unprotected protein as suggested by 13C-CO2 signatures. Microbial respiration patterns indicated that polyphenol complexes were initially degraded more quickly in the maize cropping system than in soils from under polyphenol-rich communities (Peltophorum and natural forest) but this pattern reversed with time. Long-term incubation of QUE/BSA complexes even caused a negative effect on microbial respiration in agricultural soils with low polyphenol contents (e.g. maize and sugarcane).  Incubation of polyphenol complexes in soil depressed microbial biomass N in maize, sugarcane, Imperata and forest systems and led to reduced soil pH. However, microbial biomass was increased under the polyphenol-rich vegetation of Peltophorum. The PLFA group 18:2w6,9 was highly enhanced by condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes additions as compared to control and hydrolysable polyphenol\u2013protein complexes in soils with high polyphenol contents. Polyphenol complexes increased the fungi:bacteria ratio in systems with a high polyphenol content, particularly with condensed tannin complexes. The results indicated that systems with a high polyphenol content favoured development of fungal communities that are highly adaptable to phenol-rich soil conditions and high acidity, particularly with regards to the more recalcitrant condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-03", "title": "Soil Quality Variables In Organically And Conventionally Cultivated Field Sites", "description": "This study aimed to answer the following questions (a) which of the soil variables (chemical, biological, enzyme activities and potential metabolic profile based on the Biolog method) could be used as indicators reflecting differences in soil quality between organically and conventionally managed asparagus fields, (b) how the duration of organic management affects these soil variables and (c) in what extent the soil quality in organic fields is comparable to that in hedgerows. The study included four organically cultivated fields which differed in the time they enter organic treatment: 6 years (O6), 5 years (O5), 3 years (O3) and 2 years (O2), the closest to them hedgerow (Ho), a conventionally managed field (CF) and its adjacent hedgerow (Hc). Among the chemical and biological variables, those contributing for most to the discrimination of the organic and conventional fields were mainly microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and secondly variables related to N-cycle (NO3, N organic, rate of N mineralization). MBC and MBN were higher in organic and conventional areas, respectively, reflecting differences in the structure of their microbial communities. The chemical and biological variables did not differ among O3, O5 and O6 fields, while low values of organic N, rate of N mineralization and extractable P was recorded in O2 area. The enzyme activities of amidohydrolases (l-asparaginase,l-glutaminase, urease) and phosphatases (alkaline and acid phosphatase) were by far higher in organic areas than in the conventional one. The activities of amidohydrolases and alkaline phosphatase changed in a similar way, exhibiting higher values in O3 and O5 areas while between the oldest (O6) and the newest (O2) area no differences were recorded. While the suppress of enzyme activities in O2 was related to low inputs due to transition, the negative feedback between supply of N and P and activities in O6 was a possible explanation. The activity of acid phosphatase increased from the newest to oldest organic areas. The potential functional diversity and substrate evenness did not differ among sampling areas. Differences between areas were recorded only in relation to the carbohydrates' consumption. The soil quality of hedgerows seems to be completely different than that of the arable land in terms of all studied variables. Also, significant differences were recorded between the two hedgerows, a fact that could be related to the different management practices applied in the neighboring fields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect of fertilization on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems - A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Soil microorganisms are considered a sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. In cropping systems, soil microorganisms are strongly affected by crop management, including the application of fertilizers. While studies in natural ecosystems have generally found that increased nitrogen (N) inputs decrease microbial biomass, microorganisms in soils under upland crops often benefit from mineral fertilizer input. Paddy rice soils, being flooded for part of the season, are dominated by different carbon (C) and N cycle processes and microbial communities than soils under upland crops. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilizer on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems in a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. Across all studies (n\u00a0=\u00a055), the addition of mineral fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) by 26% in paddy rice soils. Mineral fertilizer applications also increased soil organic carbon content (SOC) by 13%. The higher crop productivity with fertilization likely led to higher organic C inputs, which in turn increased SOC and MBC contents. The time of sampling within a season (pre-plant rice, in-season rice, post-harvest rice, or post-harvest rotational crop) did not significantly affect the response of MBC to mineral fertilizer. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on MBC content did not differ between cropping systems with continuous rice and systems where paddy rice was grown in rotation with other crops. However, compared with upland cropping systems, the increase in the microbial biomass due to mineral fertilizer application is more pronounced in rice cropping systems, even when rice is grown in rotation with an upland crop. Differences in climate and soil oxygen availability likely explain the stronger response of soil microorganisms to mineral fertilizer input in paddy rice systems. Our analysis suggests that fertilization does not consistently select for specific microbial groups (e.g. gram positive or negative bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) in paddy rice systems; however, it affects microbial community composition through changes in soil properties. How specific groups of microorganisms respond to mineral fertilization likely depends on environmental factors. Overall, our results suggest that in paddy rice systems the application of inorganic fertilizers increases SOC and MBC contents, both of which are important indicators of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bruce A. Linquist, Patricia Lazicki, Daniel Geisseler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-25", "title": "Moldboard Plow Tillage Depth And Short-Term Carbon Dioxide Release", "description": "Agricultural ecosystems can play a significant role in the production and consumption of greenhouse gases, specifically, carbon dioxide (CO2). Intensification of agricultural production is an important factor influencing greenhouse gas emission, particularly the relationshipbetweenintensive tillage andsoil carbon (C) loss.Information isneeded onthemechanismand magnitude ofgreenhouse gasgenerationandemissionfromagriculturalsoilswithspecificemphasisontillageoperations.Thespecificobjectiveofthisworkwas toevaluatetheshort-termeffectsofmoldboardplowingdepthonCO2lossfromaBarnesloam(UdicHaploboroll,fineloamy,mixed)in westcentralMinnesota,U.S.A.Experimentaltreatmentswereweed-freereplicatedplots,moldboardplowedtodepthsof0.102,0.152, 0.203,and0.280 musingtwopassesofafour-bottomconventionalmoldboardplow(MP)followingharvestofaspringwheat(Triticum aestivum L.) crop that was compared with an undisturbed area (no-tillage). The CO2 flux was measured immediately after the tillage with a large, portable chamber commonly used to measure crop canopy gas exchange and continued intermittently for several hours aftertheinitialtillageandat24and48 handperiodicallyto500 haftertillage.Tocopewiththeweather-inducedtemporal variability, the flux data at each tillage depth was fitted to the same two-part exponential function for smoothing temporal trends and statistical analysis.TheCO2releaseimmediatelyfollowingtillageincreasedwithplowdepth,andineverycasewassubstantiallyhigherthanthat fromtheno-tillagetreatment.Expressingtheresultsrelativetonotill(NT)showedtherelativecumulativeCO2lossforploweddepths were 3.8, 6.7, 8.2, and 10.3 times larger than NT for the MP 0.102 m, MP 0.152 m, MP 0.203 m and MP 0.280 m, respectively. The smallerCO2losswithshallowtillagewassignificantandsuggestsprogressisbeingmadeinunderstandingtheeffectoftillageintensity on soil C management. Any effort to decreasetillage depth and maximize crop residue return to the soil surface should result lower in fuel consumption and increase soil C sequestration for enhanced environmental quality. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:16:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization And Cropping Systems Effects On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Pools Under Chisel-Plow Tillage In Illinois", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural soils can be a major sink for atmospheric carbon (C) with adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs). Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations and pools. Replicated soil samples were collected in May 2004 to 90\u00a0cm depth from a 23-year-old experiment at the Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Monmouth, IL. The SOC and TN concentrations and pools, soil bulk density ( \u03c1  b ) and soil C:N ratio were measured for five N rates [0 (N 0 ), 70 (N 1 ), 140 (N 2 ), 210 (N 3 ) and 280 (N 4 ) kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ] and two cropping systems [continuous corn ( Zea mays  L.) (CC), and corn\u2013soybean ( Glycine max  (L . ) Merr.) rotation (CS)]. Long-term N fertilization and cropping systems significantly influenced SOC concentrations and pools to 30\u00a0cm depth. The SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 68.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 75.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . Across all N treatments, the SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth for CC was 4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. Similarly, TN concentrations and pools were also significantly affected by N rates. The TN pool for 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 5.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 6.14\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . In relation to cropping systems, the TN pool for 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth for CC was 0.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. The increase in SOC and TN pools with higher N rates is attributed to the increased amount of biomass production in CC and CS systems. Increasing N rates significantly decreased  \u03c1  b  for 0\u201330\u00a0cm and decreased the soil C:N ratio for 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth. However, none of the measured soil properties were significantly correlated with N rates and cropping systems below 30\u00a0cm soil depth. We conclude that in the context of developing productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems on a site and soil specific basis, the results from this study is helpful to strengthening the database of management effects on SOC storage in the Mollisols of Midwestern U.S.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:17:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-08", "title": "Soil Biological Properties, Soil Losses And Corn Yield In Long-Term Organic And Conventional Farming Systems", "description": "Abstract   Topsoil losses through surface runoff have severe implications for farmers, as well as surrounding ecosystems and waterbodies. However, integrating management systems that enhance soil organic matter (SOM) can stabilize the soil surface from erosion. Little is known about how differences in both tillage and cropping system management affect carbon and subsequent sediment losses in horticultural fields, particularly in the humid climate of the southeast. Research was conducted in the Appalachian Mountains in Mills River, NC on a fine-sandy loam Acrisol from 2010 to 2012 on long-term plots established in 1994. Project objectives included to: (1) quantify labile and total organic matter based on tillage and cropping system practices, (2) determine if relationships exist between SOC ad sediment losses, and (3) determine long-term management and tillage impacts on total organic matter lost via runoff. We hypothesized that organic management and reduced tillage would lead to increased soil carbon, which subsequently reduce losses as soil is stabilized. Organic no tillage and conventional till treatments contained on average 14.34 and 6.80\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  total carbon (TC) respectively, with the organic no till treatments containing twice the quantity of TC and light fraction particulate organic matter (LPOM) in the upper 15\u00a0cm as compared with the conventionally tilled treatments, and four times the quantity of microbial biomass carbon (MBC). LPOM and HPOM, the heavier fraction of POM, did not differ in the organic till and conventional no till treatments.Data support our hypothesis that organic production in combination with no tillage increases C pools (both total and labile) as compared with tilled conventional plots. However, organic no till treatments produced sweet corn ( Zea mays  var.  saccharata ) yields less than 50% of that of conventional treatments, attributed to weed competition and lack of available N. No tillage treatments lost two to four times less soil C via surface runoff than tilled systems. Additionally, we found that as total soil C increased, suspended solids lost through surface runoff decreased. Overall, our results indicate tillage to be an important factor in enhancing soil C and decreasing soil loss through surface runoff.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1742170512000257", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:17:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-24", "title": "Conservation Agriculture Systems For Malawian Smallholder Farmers: Long-Term Effects On Crop Productivity, Profitability And Soil Quality", "description": "Abstract<p>Conservation agriculture (CA) systems are based upon minimal soil disturbance; crop residue retention and crop rotation and/or intercrop association are increasingly seen to recycle nutrients, increase yield and reduce production costs. This study examines the effects of CA practices on crop productivity, profitability and soil quality under the conditions encountered by smallholder farmers in two farming communities from 2005 to 2011 in Malawi, as part of the contribution to remedy a lack of supporting agronomic research for these relatively new systems. The drier agroenvironment of Lemu of Bazale Extension Planning Area (EPA) is characterized by sandy clay loam soils and lower rainfall. Here, CA showed positive benefits on maize yield after the first season of experimentation, with highest increases of 2.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921and 2.3 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921more yield in CA monocrop maize and CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercrop, respectively, than the conventional tillage in the driest season of 2009/10. In the high rainfall environment of Zidyana EPA (characterized by sandy loam soils), substantial maize yield benefits resulted in the fifth season of experimentation. Farmers spent at most 50 days ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(US$140) producing maize under CA systems compared with 62 days ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(US$176) spent under conventional tillage practices. In Lemu, both CA systems resulted in gross margins three times higher than that of the conventional control plot, while in Zidyana, CA monocrop maize and CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercrop resulted in 33 and 23% higher gross margins, respectively, than conventional tillage. In Zidyana, the earthworm population was highest (48 earthworms m\uffe2\uff88\uff922in the first 30 cm) in CA monocrop maize, followed by a CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercropping (40 earthworms) and lowest (nine earthworms) in conventionally tilled treatment. In both study locations CA monocrop maize and CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercrop gave higher water infiltration than the conventional treatment. Improvements in crop productivity, overall economic gain and soil quality have made CA an attractive system for farmers in Malawi and other areas with similar conditions. However, for extensive adoption of CA by smallholder farmers, cultural beliefs that crop production is possible without the ubiquitous ridge and furrow system and residue burning for mice hunting have to be overcome.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000257"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170512000257", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170512000257", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170512000257"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004298309606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-21", "description": "Fluxes of nitrous oxide, methane and carbon dioxide were measured from soils under ambient (350 \u00b5L L-1) and enhanced (600 \u00b5L L-1) carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO2) at the \u2018Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment\u2019 (FACE) experiment, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Eschikon, Switzerland in July 1995, using a GC housed in a mobile laboratory. Measurements were made in plots of Lolium perenne maintained under high N input. During the data collection period N fertiliser was applied at a rate of 14 g m-2 of N. Elevated pCO2 appeared to result in an increased (27%) output of N2O, thought to be the consequence of enhanced root-derived available soil C, acting as an energy source for denitrification. The climate, agricultural practices and soils at the FACE experiment combined to give rise to some of the largest N2O emissions recorded for any terrestrial ecosystem. The amount of CO2\u2013C being lost from the control plot was higher (10%) than for the enhanced CO2 plot, and is the reverse of that predicted. The control plot oxidised consistently more CH4 than the enhanced plot, oxidising 25.5 \u00b1 0.8 \u00b5g m-2 hr-1 of CH4 for the control plot, with an average of 8.5 \u00b1 0.4 \u00b5g m-2 hr-1 of CH4 for the enhanced CO2 plot. This suggests that elevated pCO2 may lead to a feedback whereby less CH4 is removed from the atmosphere. Despite the limited nature of the current study (in time and space), the observations made here on the interactions of elevated pCO2 and soil trace gas release suggest that significant interactions are occurring. The feedbacks involved could have importance at the global scale.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Philip Ineson, P.A. Coward, U.A. Hartwig,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004298309606"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004298309606", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004298309606", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004298309606"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-21", "description": "Short-term improved fallow technology, which is characterised by deliberate planting of fast growing N2 fixing legumes species in rotation with crops is currently being promoted for soil fertility replenishment in the small holder farms in the tropics. Recent research and extension efforts on this technology have mainly focused on a narrow range of species. There is a need to evaluate more alternative species in order to diversify the options available to farmers and hence reduce the risks of over dependence on fewer species. We evaluated twenty-two shrubby and herbaceous species for their site adaptability, biomass and nutrient accumulation, biomass quality and maize yield response to soil incorporated plant biomass after the fallow (six and twelve months) in three different field experiments on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox in western Kenya. Species which yielded large amounts ofthe most biomass N adequate for two to three maize crops were Sesbania sesban, Tephrosia vogelii, Tephrosia candida, Crotalaria grahamiana, Dodonea viscosa, Colopogonium mucunoides, Desmondium uncinatum, Glycine wightii and Macroptilium atropurpureum. Most fallow species tested recycled  10%) and polyphenol (>2%) concentrations. were found only in the shrubby species, and the (Ppolyphenol + lignin ): N ratio varied widely (0.3\u20135) amongst the species. evaluated. Maize yield increased by two-fold in the first season following the fallow phase compared with continuous maize for most species. Results suggest that there are a wide variety of legumes that could be used for use in improved fallow technologies aimed at ameliorating nutrient degraded soils and subsequently enhancing crop yields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. Gathumbi, A.I. Niang, J. de Wolf, B.A. Amadalo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021366911279"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1021366911279"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep06365", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-15", "title": "Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis", "description": "To meet the challenge of feeding a growing world population with minimal environmental impact, we need comprehensive and quantitative knowledge of ecological factors affecting crop production. Earthworms are among the most important soil dwelling invertebrates. Their activity affects both biotic and abiotic soil properties, in turn affecting plant growth. Yet, studies on the effect of earthworm presence on crop yields have not been quantitatively synthesized. Here we show, using meta-analysis, that on average earthworm presence in agroecosystems leads to a 25% increase in crop yield and a 23% increase in aboveground biomass. The magnitude of these effects depends on presence of crop residue, earthworm density and type and rate of fertilization. The positive effects of earthworms become larger when more residue is returned to the soil, but disappear when soil nitrogen availability is high. This suggests that earthworms stimulate plant growth predominantly through releasing nitrogen locked away in residue and soil organic matter. Our results therefore imply that earthworms are of crucial importance to decrease the yield gap of farmers who can't -or won't- use nitrogen fertilizer.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "agroecosystems", "Nitrogen", "growth", "n pools", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Article", "Animals", "Biomass", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "tolerance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "communities", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystem services", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06365"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep06365", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep06365", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep06365"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr9930621", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-06", "title": "The Effect Of Fire On Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization And Nitrification In An Australian Forest Soil", "description": "<p>The causes of onset of nitrification in a soil collected under an ashbed which was produced when heaped slash was burned, and for its absence in an unburnt soil, were investigated for an acid forest soil from south-eastern Australia. The occurrence of nitrification in ashbed soils was assessed in laboratory incubations extendig to 151 days to determine if it could be attributed to (a) an increase in pH, (b) an additional supply of P, (c) the removal of chemical inhibitors, and (d) the lack of competition with heterotrophs killed during soil heating. The treatments were: percolated and unpercolated ashbed soil from 0-5 and 5-10 cm depth; unburnt soil from 0-5 cm untreated and with added lime or added P; and burnt and unburnt soil from 5-10 cm depth. In addition, each treatment had an identical where the soil was inoculated with nitrifying garden soil. Compared with the unburnt surface soil (0-5 cm), ashbed soil had higher pH (3.6 units), higher mineral N (3 times) and slightly elevated NaHCO3-extractable P. During 151 days of incubation, microbial respiration in surface ashbed soil, measured as CO2 evolution, initially exceeded the values obtained in unburnt soil but then decreased to only 72% of unburnt soil at the end of the incubation period. In ashbed soil, the microbial biomass N content was low but its C/N ratio was high. Net N mineralization (Nmin) in ashbed soil was not significantly different from unburnt or phosphate fertilized soils (13.1, 14.7 and 17.8 mg N,in kg-' respectively) but was lower than in limed soil (59.3 mg Nmin kg-1). Percolation of surface ashbed soil with distilled water removed high amounts of salts and increased microbial respiration and N mineralization. Inoculation of soils with a slurry from a nitrifying garden soil induced nitrification in every treatment, regardless of their ammonium content, pH or other limiting component. Nitrification was also stimulated in unburnt surface soil on the addition of lime and P. Autotrophic nitriflers were active only in surface ashbed soils and probably in limed soils. P addition promoted heterotrophic nitrification. It was concluded that soil heating reduced competition between autotrophs and heterotrophs for ammonium and that ash supplies nutrients, such as K and Ca which stimulate nitrification. Low pH was not a limiting factor for nitrification but a high pH may promote the establishment of autotrophic nitrifiers.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr9930621"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr9930621", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr9930621", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr9930621"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr10014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-28", "title": "Effect Of Banded Biochar On Dryland Wheat Production And Fertiliser Use In South-Western Australia: An Agronomic And Economic Perspective", "description": "<p>  Effects of banded biochar application on dryland wheat production and fertiliser use in 4 experiments in Western Australia and South Australia suggest that biochar has the potential to reduce fertiliser requirement while crop productivity is maintained, and biochar additions can increase crop yields at lower rates of fertiliser use. Banding was used to minimise wind erosion risk and place biochar close to crop roots. The biochars/metallurgical chars used in this study were made at relatively high temperatures from woody materials, forming stable, low-nutrient chars. The results suggest that a low biochar application rate (~1\uffe2\uff80\uff89t/ha) by banding may provide significant positive effects on yield and fertiliser requirement. Benefits are likely to result from improved crop nutrient and water uptake and crop water supply from increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation during dry seasons and in low P soils, rather than through direct nutrient or water supply from biochars. Financial analysis using farm cash flow over 12 years suggests that a break-even total cost of initial biochar use can range from AU$40 to 190/ha if the benefits decline linearly to nil over 12 years, taking into account a P fertiliser saving of 50% or a yield increase of 10%, or both, assuming long-term soil fertility is not compromised. Accreditation of biochar for carbon trading may assist cost reduction. </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr10014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr10014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr10014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr10014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr13043", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-20", "title": "Impact Of Carbon Farming Practices On Soil Carbon In Northern New South Wales", "description": "<p>This study sought to quantify the influence of \uffe2\uff80\uff98carbon farming\uffe2\uff80\uff99 practices on soil carbon stocks, in comparison with conventional grazing and cropping, in northern New South Wales. The study had two components: assessment of impacts of organic amendments on soil carbon and biological indicators in croplands on Vertosols of the Liverpool Plains; and assessment of the impact of grazing management on soil carbon in Chromosols of the Northern Tablelands. The organic amendment sites identified for the survey had been treated with manures, composts, or microbial treatments, while the conventional management sites had received only chemical fertilisers. The rotational grazing sites had been managed so that grazing was restricted to short periods of several days, followed by long rest periods (generally several months) governed by pasture growth. These were compared with sites that were grazed continuously. No differences in total soil carbon stock, or soil carbon fractions, were observed between sites treated with organic amendments and those treated with chemical fertiliser. There was some evidence of increased soil carbon stock under rotational compared with continuous grazing, but the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) stocks were not significantly different in either of the management contrasts, but tended to show higher values in organic treatments and rotational grazing. The enzymatic activities of \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase and leucine-aminopeptidase were significantly higher in rotational than continuous grazing but statistically similar for the cropping site treatments. Relative abundance and community structure, measured on a subset of the cropping sites, showed a higher bacteria\uffe2\uff80\uff89:\uffe2\uff80\uff89fungi ratio and provided evidence that microbial process rates were significantly higher in chemically fertilised sites than organic amendment sites, suggesting enhanced mineralisation of organic matter under conventional management. The higher enzyme activity and indication of greater efficiency of microbial populations on carbon farming sites suggests a greater potential to build soil carbon under these practices. Further research is required to investigate whether the indicative trends observed reflect real effects of management.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Land Capability and Soil Degradation", "550", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon Sequestration Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Land capability and soil productivity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr13043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr13043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr13043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr13043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jpe/rtv027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:18:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-07", "title": "Effects Of Precipitation On Soil Organic Carbon Fractions In Three Subtropical Forests In Southern China", "description": "Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of precipitation changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions in subtropical for- ests where the precipitation pattern has been altered for decades. Methods We conducted field manipulations of precipitation, including ambient precipitation as a control (CK), double precipitation (DP) and no precip- itation (NP), for 3 years in three forests with different stand ages (broad- leaf forest (BF), mixed forest (MF) and pine forest (PF)) in subtropical China. At the end of the experiment, soil samples were collected to assay SOC content, readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC) and non-readily oxidizable organic carbon (NROC), as well as soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), pH and total nitrogen content. Samples from the forest floors were also collected to analyze carbon (C) functional groups (i.e. alkyl C, aromatic C, O-alkyl C and carbonyl C). Furthermore, fine root biomass was measured periodically throughout the experiment. Important Findings Among the forests, ROC content did not exhibit any notable differ- ences, while NROC content increased significantly with the stand age. This finding implied that the SOC accumulation observed in these forests resulted from the accumulation of NROC in the soil, a mechanism for SOC accumulation in the mature forests of south- ern China. Moreover, NP treatment led to significant reductions in both ROC and NROC content and therefore reduced the total SOC content in all of the studied forests. Such decreases may be due to the lower plant-derived C inputs (C quantity) and to the changes in SOC components (C quality) indicated by C functional groups analyses under NP treatment. DP treatment in all the forests also tended to decrease the SOC content, although the decreases were not statistically significant with the exception of SOC and ROC con- tent in PF. This finding indicated that soils in MF and in BF may be more resistant to precipitation increases, possibly due to less water limitations under natural conditions in the two forests. Our results therefore highlight the different responses of SOC and its fractions to precipitation changes among the forests and suggest that further studies are needed to improve our understanding of SOC dynamics in such an important C sink region.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guowei Chu, Guoyi Zhou, Xiaomei Chen, Qingyan Qiu, Guohua Liang, Shizhong Liu, Junhua Yan, Juxiu Liu, Deqiang Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtv027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jpe/rtv027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jpe/rtv027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jpe/rtv027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-05", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates In Two Long-Term No-Till Experiments In Ohio", "description": "The effectiveness of no-till (NT) farming in reducing loss of soil organic matter (SOM) depends on climate and soil properties. Soil samples were obtained from two long-term experiments that were designed to study the impact of tillage systems on crop yields. However, the objectives of this experiment were to assess the impact of NT on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and other soil properties and to estimate historic depletion of SOC under different soil management practices with reference to the undisturbed wooded control. The two long-term experiments in Ohio studied were those sited at South Charleston and Hoytville. The South Charleston (83\u00b0 30' W and 39\u00b0 48' N) experiment was established in 1962 on Crosby silt loam (fine mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf). The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 10.8 \u00b0C and 1043 mm, respectively. Tillage treatments for continuous corn (Zea mays) were NT, chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP). The Hoytville (84\u00b0 04' W and 41\u00b0 03' N) experiment was established in 1987 on Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) soil. The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 9.9 \u00b0C and 845 mm, respectively. There were two crop rotations: (i) 2-year corn-soybean (Glycine max) rotation with NT and subsoiling and (ii) 3-year corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa) rotation with NT, CP, and rotational tillage soil management. The Hoytville clay site is poorly drained, has higher clay content, and higher and more even by distributed antecedent level of SOC in the soil profile than does the South Charleston silt loam soil. No-till increased SOC and N pools in the 0 to 5-cm layer in silt loam soil but had no effect in clay soil. The rate of SOC sequestration in the silt-loam soil under NT was 175 kg C ha -1  y -1 . The silt loam soil had higher SOC and N stratification ratios in NT than in MP and CP treatments, whereas the stratification ratios were low and similar in all treatments in the clayey soil. For both soils, there were no differences between tillage treatments in several soil properties including texture, available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity (K s ), and cation exchange capacity. The NT decreased soil bulk density and pH in the 0 to 15-cm layer in the silt loam soil. The plow till treatments had a small impact on soil aggregation in clayey soil. The decline in water-stable aggregates with reference to NT was no more than one sixth. In the silt loam soil, however, the water-stable aggregates in plow till treatments were merely one third of that in the NT treatment. The historic loss of the SOC pool for 0 to 30-cm depth under agricultural land use was 25 to 35% in silt loam and 19 to 25% in the clayey soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:18:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-19", "title": "Drought Changes Phosphorus And Potassium Accumulation Patterns In An Evergreen Mediterranean Forest", "description": "Summary<p>  <p>Climate models predict more extreme weather in Mediterranean ecosystems, with more frequent drought periods and torrential rainfall. These expected changes may affect major process in ecosystems such as mineral cycling. However, there is a lack of experimental data regarding the effects of prolonged drought on nutrient cycling and content in Mediterranean ecosystems.</p> <p>A 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year drought manipulation experiment was conducted in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest. The aim was to investigate the effects of drought conditions expected to occur over the coming decades, on the contents and concentrations of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in stand biomass, and P and K content and availability in soils.</p> <p>Drought (an average reduction of 15% in soil moisture) increased P leaf concentration by 18\uffc2\uffb72% and reduced P wood and root concentrations (30\uffc2\uffb79% and 39\uffc2\uffb78%, respectively) in the dominant tree species Quercus ilex, suggesting a process of mobilization of P from wood towards leaves. The decrease in P wood concentrations in Quercus ilex, together with a decrease in forest biomass growth, led to an overall decrease (by approximately one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third) of the total P content in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. In control plots, the total P content in the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass increased 54\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from 1999 to 2005, whereas in drought plots there was no increase in P levels in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. Drought had no effects on either K above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground contents or concentrations.</p> <p>Drought increased total soil soluble P by increasing soil soluble organic P, which is the soil soluble P not directly available to plant capture. Drought reduced the ratio of soil soluble inorganic P\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0soil soluble organic P by 50% showing a decrease of inorganic P release from P bound to organic matter. Drought increased by 10% the total K content in the soil, but reduced the soil soluble K by 20\uffc2\uffb74%.</p> <p>Drought led to diminished plant uptake of mineral nutrients and to greater recalcitrance of minerals in soil. This will lead to a reduction in P and K in the ecosystem, due to losses in P and K through leaching and erosion, if the heavy rainfalls predicted by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) models occur. As P is currently a limiting factor in many Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems, and given that P and K are necessary for high water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency and stomata control, the negative effects of drought on P and K content in the ecosystem may well have additional indirect negative effects on plant fitness.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-15", "title": "Responses Of Dryland Soil Respiration And Soil Carbon Pool Size To Abrupt Vs. Gradual And Individual Vs. Combined Changes In Soil Temperature, Precipitation, And Atmospheric [Co2]: A Simulation Analysis", "description": "Abstract<p>With the large extent and great amount of soil carbon (C) storage, drylands play an important role in terrestrial C balance and feedbacks to climate change. Yet, how dryland soils respond to gradual and concomitant changes in multiple global change drivers [e.g., temperature (Ts), precipitation (Ppt), and atmospheric [CO2] (CO2)] has rarely been studied. We used a process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based ecosystem model patch arid land simulator to simulate dryland soil respiration (Rs) and C pool size (Cs) changes to abrupt vs. gradual and single vs. combined alterations in Ts, Ppt and CO2 at multiple treatment levels. Results showed that abrupt perturbations generally resulted in larger Rs and had longer differentiated impacts than did gradual perturbations. Rs was stimulated by increases in Ts, Ppt, and CO2 in a nonlinear fashion (e.g., parabolically or asymptotically) but suppressed by Ppt reduction. Warming mainly stimulated heterotrophic Rs (i.e., Rh) whereas Ppt and CO2 influenced autotrophic Rs (i.e., Ra). The combined effects of warming, Ppt, and CO2 were nonadditive of primary single\uffe2\uff80\uff90factor effects as a result of substantial interactions among these factors. Warming amplified the effects of both Ppt addition and CO2 elevation whereas Ppt addition and CO2 elevation counteracted with each other. Precipitation reduction either magnified or suppressed warming and CO2 effects, depending on the magnitude of factor's alteration and the components of Rs (Ra or Rh) being examined. Overall, Ppt had dominant influence on dryland Rs and Cs over Ts and CO2. Increasing Ppt individually or in combination with Ts and CO2 benefited soil C sequestration. We therefore suggested that global change experimental studies for dryland ecosystems should focus more on the effects of precipitation regime changes and the combined effects of Ppt with other global change factors (e.g., Ts, CO2, and N deposition).</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12198", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:18:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-31", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Tillage, Nutrient Application And Crop Rotation On Soil Organic Matter Quality Assessed By Nmr Spectroscopy", "description": "Abstract<p>Crop and land management practices affect both the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) and hence are driving forces for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to assess the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of tillage, fertilizer application and crop rotation onSOCin an agricultural area of southern Norway, where a soil fertility and crop rotation experiment was initiated in 1953 and a second experiment on tillage practices was initiated in 1983. The first experiment comprised 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr crop rotations with cereals only and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr cereal and 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr grass rotations with recommended (base) and more than the recommended (above base) fertilizer application rates; the second experiment dealt with autumn\uffe2\uff80\uff90ploughed (conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till) plots and direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90drilled plots (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till). Soil samples at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depths were collected in autumn 2009 and analysed for their C and N contents. The quality ofSOMin the top layer was determined by13C solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90stateNMRspectroscopy. TheSOCstock did not differ significantly because of rotation or fertilizer application types, even after 56\uffc2\uffa0yr. However, the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed a significantly higherSOCstock than the conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth after the 26\uffc2\uffa0yr of experiment, but it was not significantly different at the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depth. In terms of quality,SOMwas found to differ by tillage type, rate of fertilizer application and crop rotation. The no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed an abundance of O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C, while conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system indicated an apparently indirect enrichment in alkyl C, suggesting a more advanced stage ofSOMdecomposition. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term quantitative and qualitative effects onSOMsuggest that adopting a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system and including grass in crop rotation and farmyard manure in fertilizer application may contribute to preserve soil fertility and mitigate climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["Fertilizer application", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop rotation", " fertilizer application", " soil organic carbon (SOC)", " soil organic matter (SOM)", " tillage", " NMR spectroscopy.", "NMR spectroscopy", "Crop rotation", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "13. Climate action", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12198", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12198", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x04-063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-08", "title": "Loss And Recovery Of Ecosystem Carbon Pools Following Stand-Replacing Wildfire In Michigan Jack Pine Forests", "description": "<p> We used a 72-year chronosequence to study the loss and recovery of ecosystem C pools following stand-replacing wildfire in Michigan, USA, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests. We quantified the amount of C stored in aboveground plant biomass, standing dead timber, downed dead wood, surface organic soil, and mineral soil in 11 jack pine stands that had burned between 1 and 72 years previously. Total ecosystem C ranged from a low of 59 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1 in the 4-year-old stand to 110 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1 in the 72-year-old stand. Changes in total ecosystem C across the chronosequence conformed to theoretical predictions, in which C stocks declined initially as decomposition of dead wood and forest-floor C exceeded production by regenerating vegetation, and then increased asymptotically with the development of a new stand of jack pine. This pattern was well described by the following 'gamma' function: total ecosystem C (Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1) = 112.2 &#150; 39.6 \uffc3\uff97 age0.351 \uffc3\uff97 exp(&#150;0.053 \uffc3\uff97 age01.039); mean-corrected R2 = 0.976. Using the first derivative of this parameterized gamma function, we estimated that jack pine stands function as a weak source of C to the atmosphere for only ca. 6 years following wildfire, and reach a maximum net ecosystem productivity of 1.6 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1\uffc2\uffb7year&#150;1 by year 16. We attribute the rapid transition from carbon source to carbon sink in these ecosystems to two factors: (i) stand-replacing wildfires in these xeric forests leave behind little respirable substrate in surface organic horizons, and (ii) jack pine is able to rapidly reestablish following wildfires via serotinous cones. Jack pine stands remained net sinks for C across the chronosequence; however, net ecosystem productivity had declined to 0.12 C ha&#150;1\uffc2\uffb7year&#150;1 by year 72. Carbon sequestration by mature jack pine ecosystems was driven primarily by continued growth of overstory jack pine, not by accumulation of detrital C. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x04-063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x04-063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x04-063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x93-128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:19:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-20", "title": "Effects Of Selected Forest Management-Practices On Environmental Parameters Related To Successional Development On The Tanana River Floodplain, Interior Alaska", "description": "<p> Two mature floodplain white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) ecosystems (stage VIII) located on islands in the Tanana River, approximately 20\uffe2\uff80\uff82km southwest of Fairbanks, Alaska, were clear-cut during the winter of 1985\uffe2\uff80\uff931986 to quantify the effects of clear-cutting on selected environmental characteristics. Clearings in earlier successional stages (poplar\uffe2\uff80\uff93alder (Populus\uffe2\uff80\uff93Alnus), stage V; and open willow (Salix), stage III) were used to contrast the environmental parameters with the earlier stages found in the primary successional sequence. After clear-cutting, total radiation at the soil surface increased to early successional stage III levels. Potential evaporation from the soil surface increased 5-fold as a result of clearing in the stage VIII sites and was substantially greater than that found in the stage III sites by other researchers. Clearing had relatively little effect on air temperature. The concentration of P and K was significantly lower in the forest floor of both clearcuts, and the concentration of C was significantly higher at VIII-A-T (stage VIII\uffe2\uff80\uff93site A\uffe2\uff80\uff93treated (cleared) plot) when compared with the control stands. There was a decrease in total forest floor biomass at both clear-cut plots. Organic matter, total N, available NH4 and P, and extractable Mg and K all decreased after cutting, whereas pH increased. Decomposition of spruce foliage on the forest floor surface was slower in the clearcuts. Nitrogen immobilization occurred during the first 2 years of decomposition. During the third year it appeared that some mineralization was beginning to occur but the levels were very low, averaging only 3\uffe2\uff80\uff82mg N per bag in the clear-cut areas. Plant growth analysis indicated that growth was limited by high mineral soil salt content in the early successional stages (III) and that this limitation was species specific. Balsam poplar (Populusbalsamifera L.) appears to be more tolerant of the high cation content of the stage III sites compared with trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.). By the time successional development has progressed to stage V, the soil has been sufficiently augmented by the inclusion of organic matter from the developing vegetation and the fixation of N by alder to result in higher seedling growth rates in the cleared areas. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "John Yarie", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x93-128", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x93-128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x93-128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x97-124", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:19:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Effects Of Chronic Low-Level N Additions On Foliar Elemental Concentrations, Morphology, And Gas Exchange Of Mature Montane Red Spruce", "description": "We evaluated the influence of protracted low-level nitrogen (N) fertilization on 29 morphological, physiological, or chemical parameters measured on mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growing within 10 study plots on Mount Ascutney, Vermont. For 8 consecutive years prior to this study, each plot received one of five treatments: 0, 15.7, 19.8, 25.6, or 31.4 kg N\u00b7ha n1 \u00b7year n1 . In comparison to plant material from control plots, trees that received N fertilization had fewer but longer and heavier needles, and higher rates of shoot water loss than trees from control plots. N fertilization resulted in increased foliar N concentrations, and reductions in foliar Ca and Mg concentrations to potentially deficient levels. Although no differences in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, or net photosynthesis were evident, N fertilization was associated with increased levels of respiration. Respiration rates were not correlated with foliar N concentrations, suggesting that the influence of N treatment on respiration was indirect. In contrast, respiration levels were negatively correlated with foliar Ca and Mg concentrations. Although we have no direct evidence that they are related, the N-induced alterations in foliar cation and respiration levels that we found may help account for N-induced reductions in tree growth and increases in mortality previously reported for this site. Resume : Les auteurs ont OvaluO liinfluence diune fertilisation prolongOe avec de faibles niveaux diazote (N) sur 29 paramtres morphologiques, physiologiques et chimiques mesurOs sur des Opinettes rouges ( Picea rubens Sarg.) matures croissant dans 10 parcelles-Ochantillons sur le mont Ascutney dans le Vermont. Pendant 8 annOes consOcutives antOrieures \u2021 cette Otude, chaque parcelle a reAu un des cinq traitements suivants : 0, 15,7, 19,8, 25,6 ou 31,4 kg N\u00b7ha n1 \u00b7an n1 . Comparativement au matOriel vOgOtal provenant des parcelles tOmoins, les arbres qui avaient reAu une fertilisation azotOe", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-124"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x97-124", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x97-124", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x97-124"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-11", "title": "Atributos F\u00edsicos, Qu\u00edmicos E Biol\u00f3gicos De Solo De Cerrado Sob Diferentes Sistemas De Uso E Manejo", "description": "<p>\uffc3\uff80 medida que o conhecimento do sistema plantio direto se amplia, verifica-se que o uso de indicadores qu\uffc3\uffadmicos isolados n\uffc3\uffa3o permite melhor caracteriza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos solos, sendo necess\uffc3\uffa1rio utilizar um conjunto de indicadores da qualidade do solo com a entrada de outros atributos, entre eles os f\uffc3\uffadsicos e os biol\uffc3\uffb3gicos. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de sistemas de manejo e uso do solo nos atributos f\uffc3\uffadsicos, qu\uffc3\uffadmicos e biol\uffc3\uffb3gicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distr\uffc3\uffb3fico e um Neossolo Quartzar\uffc3\uffaanico \uffc3\uffb3rtico sob Cerrado, no entorno do Parque Nacional das Emas. Os aspectos avaliados no Latossolo foram: Cerrado nativo, pastagem, milheto em preparo convencional, nabo forrageiro em plantio direto e sorgo em plantio direto. No Neossolo: Cerrado nativo, pastagem nativa, integra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o agricultura-pecu\uffc3\uffa1ria, pastagem cultivada, plantio direto com soja no ver\uffc3\uffa3o e plantio direto com milho no ver\uffc3\uffa3o. As amostras de solo foram coletadas na profundidade de 0 a 10 cm. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco parcelas de 150 m\uffc2\uffb2, sendo coletadas 10 subamostras aleat\uffc3\uffb3rias. As an\uffc3\uffa1lises qu\uffc3\uffadmicas, f\uffc3\uffadsicas e biol\uffc3\uffb3gicas foram realizadas no Laborat\uffc3\uffb3rio de Solos da UFG/CJ. Os manejos promoveram altera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es na densidade do solo, volume total de poros, macroporos e resist\uffc3\uffaancia do solo \uffc3\uffa0 penetra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o no Neossolo e no Latossolo, excetuando-se neste o volume total de poros. Houve pequena varia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o nos atributos qu\uffc3\uffadmicos nos dois solos, com o Cerrado apresentando maior acidez potencial e menor teor de c\uffc3\uffa1tions troc\uffc3\uffa1veis e P. Os atributos biol\uffc3\uffb3gicos do solo foram alterados pelos sistemas de manejo, sendo mais prejudicados em sistemas com maior revolvimento do solo. A an\uffc3\uffa1lise can\uffc3\uffb4nica dos dados demonstrou que os atributos f\uffc3\uffadsicos foram os de menor import\uffc3\uffa2ncia por apresentar maior coeficiente de pondera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o nas vari\uffc3\uffa1veis can\uffc3\uffb4nicas. Os atributos do solo, isoladamente, pouco contribu\uffc3\uffadram para a avalia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da qualidade do solo: no entanto, quando se usou a an\uffc3\uffa1lise multivariada, subsidiaram a constata\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos manejos do solo mais sustent\uffc3\uffa1veis.</p>", "keywords": ["C fra\u00e7\u00e3o leve", "multivariate analysis", "an\u00e1lise multivariada", "plantio direto", "light carbon fraction", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:19:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "Western Oregon Grass Seed Crop Rotation And Straw Residue Effects On Soil Quality", "description": "<p>Understanding the impact of crop rotation and residue management in grass seed production systems on soil quality and, in particular soil C dynamics, is critical in making long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil management decisions supporting farm sustainability. The effects of a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotation and residue management (high vs. low residue) on soil quality were investigated at three locations in Oregon, each contrasting in soil drainage classification. The crop rotations were continuous perennial grass seed production, grass/legume seed production, and grass/legume/cereal seed production. The grass species grown at each location were different and represented those most commonly produced in each environment; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub], and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). All three grass seed crop rotations and residue methods maintained high soil quality in conventional or direct seeded soils, but under some situations, soil quality was higher with continuous grass rotation and high residue. Data suggest that straw removal for value\uffe2\uff80\uff90added use, like bioenergy production, can be accomplished in the Pacific Northwest Marine climate without appreciably affecting soil quality. Furthermore, grass seed cropping systems play an important role in soil C storage and enhancement, a valuable ecosystem service in this region where grass seed is produced on land that is not suitable for production of conventional crops that require better\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soil. We conclude that by nature perennial grass seed crops promote high soil fertility and enriched soil C pools and consequently contribute to the tolerance of these systems to the use of less conservation\uffe2\uff80\uff90oriented crop management methods at times when crop loss could be potentially high. This attribute provides producers greater latitude in selecting soil and crop management options to address issues of soil fertility, pest, weed, or seed certification to minimize economic crop yield losses.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gerald Whittaker, Richard P. Dick, Gary M. Banowetz, Stephen M. Griffith, George W. Mueller-Warrant,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:19:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Abstract<p>Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilization affects soil organic N reserves, N mineralization potential, and crop response to applied N, but little information is available on the influence of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilizer (STN) management on soil organic N availability and crop response. This study was conducted to determine if STN changes soil N supplying capability to corn (Zea mays L.) after 3 yr of differential N fertilization on a Fayette silt loam soil (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in Wisconsin. Various rates of N fertilizer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93402 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were applied to corn in 1983, 1984, and 1985, and their residual effects on corn response were evaluated in 1986. Soil profile No3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels in spring 1986 were very low in all plots (48 \uffc2\uffb1 4 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 [90 cm]\uffe2\uff88\uff921), yet grain yields and N uptake were significantly increased by STN applications. Corn N uptake was linearly related to the total amount of N returned to soil in crop residues during the previous 3 yr. Increased organic N availability under high STN management was equivalent to a 78 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate, or 47% of the N fertilizer required for optimum crop yields. In aerobic incubations (40 wk) of spring 1986 soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm), STN additions increased N release only in the first few weeks. Kinetics of N mineralization were best described by a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90component model in which the active fraction (NA) of soil organic N was highly correlated with corn N uptake (r = 0.88). Simulation of field conditions showed that 95% of NA is available before crop maturity. A phosphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90borate buffer organic N availability index was significantly and consistently related to STN treatments. Relative increases in total soil organic N corresponded with the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N balance between fertilizer additions and grain removals, and were about 10 times larger than mineralizable N. These results indicate that immobilization of excess mineral N into stable soil organic N during decomposition of crop residues should be considered in determining the environmental risk of N fertilization. Although labile organic N is a small fraction of the total fertilizer N contribution to soil N, its quantification should allow a more accurate assessment of crop N needs.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.23986/afsci.148486", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-05-26", "title": "Defining critical SOC/clay thresholds for soil health in boreal croplands using satellite-based NDVI proxies for productivity and resilience", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The European Union\u2019s soil strategy underscores the necessity for establishing feasible criteria to assess the soil health condition. In this study, we developed a method to define a critical threshold value for SOC/clay ratio on the basis of crop productivity and resilience. The study integrated data from national soil monitoring (NSM) of Finnish cropland soils (n=505) with satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) obtained from the EcoDataCube (EDC) portal. The study area was confined to the boreal environmental zone to ensure consistent pedo-climatic conditions. The results show that the interannual variation in crop productivity increases rapidly below SOC/clay ratio of 0.09 (95% confidence intervals ranging from 0.07 to 0.16), whereas the corresponding threshold for mean productivity was 0.13 (0.09\u20130.16). The observed threshold values were found applicable for both cereals and temporary ley. The SOC/clay ratio of 1:13 (=0.08), regarded as a criterion for healthy soil in the current Soil Monitoring Law proposal, based on studies by Johannes et al. (2017) and Prout et al. (2021), is lower than the mean thresholds estimated in this study but aligns close to the lower bound of the 95% confidence intervals. In this research, Finnish agricultural land served as the case study area, but the method is easily applicable to various pedo-climatic regions and potentially to different land use types.</p></article>", "keywords": ["S", "Soil Monitoring Law", " SOC/clay ratio", " cropland", " NDVI", " satellite data", " national soil monitoring", "Agriculture (General)", "Agriculture", "S1-972"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Heikkinen, Jaakko, Keskinen, Riikka, Ylivainio, Kari,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.148486"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.23986/afsci.148486", "name": "item", "description": "10.23986/afsci.148486", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.23986/afsci.148486"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2489/jswc.72.4.361", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:20:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-24", "description": "Cover cropping is a widely promoted strategy to enhance soil health in agricultural systems. Despite a substantial body of literature demonstrating links between cover crops and soil biology, an important component of soil health, research evaluating how specific cover crop species influence soil microbial communities remains limited. This study examined the effects of eight fall-sown cover crop species grown singly and in multispecies mixtures on microbial community structure and soil biological activity using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and daily respiration rates, respectively. Fourteen cover crop treatments and a no cover crop control were established in August of 2011 and 2012 on adjacent fields in central Pennsylvania following spring oats (Avena sativa L.). Soil communities were sampled from bulk soil collected to a depth of 20 cm (7.9 in) in fall and spring, approximately two and nine months after cover crop planting and prior to cover crop termination. In both fall and spring, cover crops led to an increase in total PLFA concentration relative to the arable weed community present in control plots (increases of 5.37 nmol g\u22121 and 10.20 nmol g\u22121, respectively). While there was a positive correlation between aboveground plant biomass (whether from arable weeds or cover crops) and total PLFA concentration, we also found that individual cover crop species favored particular microbial functional groups. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were more abundant beneath oat and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops. Non-AM fungi were positively associated with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.). These cover crop-microbial group associations were present not only in monocultures, but also multispecies cover crop mixtures. Arable weed communities were associated with higher proportions of actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria. Soil biological activity varied by treatment and was positively correlated with both the size and composition (fungal:bacterial ratio) of the microbial community. This research establishes a clear link between cover crops, microbial communities, and soil health. We have shown that while cover crops generally promote microbial biomass and activity, there are species-specific cover crop effects on soil microbial community composition that ultimately influence soil biological activity. This discovery paves the way for intentional management of the soil microbiome to enhance soil health through cover crop selection.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.72.4.361"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soil%20and%20Water%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2489/jswc.72.4.361", "name": "item", "description": "10.2489/jswc.72.4.361", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2489/jswc.72.4.361"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fagro.2022.841086", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-07", "title": "Laser Weeding with Small Autonomous Vehicles: Friends or Foes?", "description": "<p>Weed control is necessary to ensure a high crop yield with good quality. Herbicide application and mechanical weeding are the most common methods worldwide. The use of herbicides has led to the increasing occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds and unwanted contamination of the environment. Mechanical weed control harms beneficial organisms, increases the degradation of organic matter, may dry out the soil, and stimulate new cohorts of weed seeds to germinate. Therefore, there is a need to develop more sustainable weed control means. We suggest using small autonomous vehicles equipped with lasers as a sustainable alternative method. Laser beams are based on electricity, which can be produced from non-fossil fuels. Deep learning methods can be used to locate and identify weed and crop plants for targeting and delivery of laser energy with robotic actuators. Given the targeted nature of laser beams, the area exposed for weed control can be reduced substantially compared to commonly used weed control methods. Therefore, the risk of affecting non-target organisms is minimized, and the soil will be kept untouched in the field, avoiding triggering weed seeds to germinate. Small autonomous vehicles may have limited weeding capacity, and precautions need to be taken as reflections from the laser beam can be harmful to humans and animals. In this paper, we discuss the pros and cons of replacing or supplementing common used weed control methods with laser weeding. The ability to use laser weeding technology is relatively new and not yet widely practiced or commercially available. Therefore, we do not discuss and compare the costs of the various methods at this early stage of the development of the technology.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "alternative weed control", " integrated weed management", " non-chemical weed control", " site-specific weed management", " thermal weed control", " weed killers", "non-chemical weed control", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SB1-1110", "thermal weed control", "integrated weed management", "13. Climate action", "site-specific weed management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "weed killers", "alternative weed control"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Andreasen Christian, Scholle Karsten, Saberi Mahin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.841086"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fagro.2022.841086", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fagro.2022.841086", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fagro.2022.841086"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-31", "description": "Interest in biochar (BC) has grown dramatically in recent years, due mainly to the fact that its incorporation into soil reportedly enhances carbon sequestration and fertility. Currently, BC types most under investigation are those obtained from organic matter (OM) of plant origin. As great amounts of manure solids are expected to become available in the near future, thanks to the development of technologies for the separation of the solid fraction of animal effluents, processing of manure solids for BC production seems an interesting possibility for the recycling of OM of high nutrient value. The aim of this study was to investigate carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient dynamics in soil amended with BC from dried swine manure solids. The experiment was carried out in laboratory microcosms on a silty clay soil. The effect on nutrient dynamics of interaction between BC and fresh digestate obtained from a biogas plant was also investigated to test the hypothesis that BC can retain nutrients. A comparison was made of the following treatments: soil amended with swine manure solids (LC), soil amended with charred swine manure solids (LT), soil amended with wood chip (CC), soil amended with charred wood chip (CT), soil with no amendment as control (Cs), each one of them with and without incorporation of digestate (D) for a total of 10 treatments. Biochar was obtained by treating OM (wood chip or swine manure) with moisture content of less than 10% at 420\u00b0C in anoxic conditions. The CO2-C release and organic C, available phosphorus (P) (Olsen P, POls) and inorganic (ammonium+nitrate) nitrogen (N) (Nmin) contents at the start and three months after the start of the experiment were measured in the amended and control soils. After three months of incubation at 30\u00b0C, the CO2-C emissions from soil with BC (CT and LT, \u00b1D) were the same as those in the control soil (Cs) and were lower than those in the soils with untreated amendments (CC and LC, \u00b1D). The organic C content decreased in CT and LT to a lesser extent than in CC and LC. In soils with D (+D), the CO2-C emissions were equal to or higher than those in soils without (-D). The Nmin content increased in all treatments; the POls content decreased in the +D treatments. The incorporation of BC into soil, by reducing CO2 emissions, actually contributes to C sequestration without modifying N availability for crops. For a given N content, the BC from swine manure solids supplies much more P than the non-treated OM and, therefore, represents an interesting source of P for crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "emissions", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Italian%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "name": "item", "description": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/p02-188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "description": "<p> In the Brown soil zone of western Canada summerfallowing (F) is traditionally used to reduce the water deficit associated with cereal production, but frequent use of this practice results in soil degradation and reduces the N-supplying capacity of soils. Some scientists suggest that an annual legume green manure crop (LGM) could be used as a partial-fallow replacement to protect the soil against erosion and increase its N fertility, particularly when combined with a snow-trapping technique to replenish soil water used by the legume. We assessed this possibility by comparing yields, N economy, water use efficiency, and economic returns for hard red spring wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in rotation with Indianhead black lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) green manure (i.e., LGM-W-W) vs. that obtained in a traditional F-W-W system. Further, we assessed whether a change in manage ment of the LGM crop (i.e., moving to earlier seeding and earlier turn-down) was advantageous to the overall performance of this practice. The study was conducted over 12 yr (1988\uffe2\uff80\uff9399) on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Wheat stubble was left tall to trap snow, tillage was kept to a minimum, and the wheat was fertilized based on NO3 soil tests. When we examined results after 6 yr, we concluded that by waiting until full bloom to turn down the legume (usually late July or early August) so as to maximize N2 fixation, soil water was being depleted to the detriment of yields of the following wheat crop. The change in management of the LGM crop since 1993 resulted in wheat yields following LGM equaling those after fallow (due to improved water use efficiency), a gradual and significant increase over time in grain protein and in N yield of aboveground plant biomass of wheat in the LGM-W-W compared to the F-W-W system, plus a gradual decrease in fertilizer N requirements of wheat in the LGM system accompanying an improvement in the N supplying power of the soil. These savings in N fertilizer, together with savings in tillage and herbicide costs for weed control on partial-fallow vs. conventional-fallow areas, and higher revenues from the enhanced grain protein, more than offset the added costs for seed and management of the LGM crop. Thus, our results imply that, if producers seed the LGM in April and turn it down in early July, an annual LGM-cereal rotation is a viable option in the semiarid Canadian prairies; however, one negative consequence of adopting this management strategy is the possibility of enhancing NO3 leaching. Key words: Nitrogen yields, grain protein, green fallow, summerfallow substitute, economic returns, NO3 leaching </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "F. Selles, Yantai Gan, Robert P. Zentner, V. O. Biederbeck, Paul G. Jefferson, Reynald Lemke, C. A. Campbell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/p02-188", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/p02-188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:21:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-11", "title": "Meta-analysis of high-latitude nitrogen-addition and warming studies implies ecological mechanisms overlooked by land models", "description": "<p>Abstract. Accurate representation of ecosystem processes in land models is crucial for reducing predictive uncertainty in energy and greenhouse gas feedbacks with the climate. Here we describe an observational and modeling meta-analysis approach to benchmark land models, and apply the method to the land model CLM4.5 with two versions of belowground biogeochemistry. We focused our analysis on the aboveground and belowground responses to warming and nitrogen addition in high-latitude ecosystems, and identified absent or poorly parameterized mechanisms in CLM4.5. While the two model versions predicted similar soil carbon stock trajectories following both warming and nitrogen addition, other predicted variables (e.g., belowground respiration) differed from observations in both magnitude and direction, indicating that CLM4.5 has inadequate underlying mechanisms for representing high-latitude ecosystems. On the basis of observational synthesis, we attribute the model\uffe2\uff80\uff93observation differences to missing representations of microbial dynamics, aboveground and belowground coupling, and nutrient cycling, and we use the observational meta-analysis to discuss potential approaches to improving the current models. However, we also urge caution concerning the selection of data sets and experiments for meta-analysis. For example, the concentrations of nitrogen applied in the synthesized field experiments (average = 72 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) are many times higher than projected soil nitrogen concentrations (from nitrogen deposition and release during mineralization), which precludes a rigorous evaluation of the model responses to likely nitrogen perturbations. Overall, we demonstrate that elucidating ecological mechanisms via meta-analysis can identify deficiencies in ecosystem models and empirical experiments.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:21:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO2 (ambient CO2 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93September) and lower values in the dry season (October\uffe2\uff80\uff93March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO2] and N addition (p&lt;0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO2] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater than the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 \uffc2\uffb1 0.08, 4.54 \uffc2\uffb1 0.10, 3.56 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 and 3.53 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 kg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO2] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO2] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qi Deng, Shuangquan Liu, Honglang Duan, Guoyi Zhou, Juxiu Liu, Dainan Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21951", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:21:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-21", "title": "Assimilation of Sentinel-2 Leaf Area Index Data into a Physically-Based Crop Growth Model for Yield Estimation", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Remote sensing data, crop growth models, and optimization routines constitute a toolset that can be used together to map crop yield over large areas when access to field data is limited. In this study, Leaf Area Index (LAI) data from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite were combined with the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model to estimate crop yield using a re-calibration data assimilation approach. The experiment was implemented for a winter wheat crop during two growing seasons (2016 and 2017) under four different fertilization management strategies. A number of field measurements were conducted spanning from LAI to biomass and crop yields. LAI showed a good correlation between the Sentinel-2 estimates and the ground measurements using non-destructive method. A correlating fit between satellite LAI curves and EPIC modelled LAI curves was also observed. The assimilation of LAI in EPIC provided an improvement in yield estimation in both years even though in 2017 strong underestimations were observed. The diverging results obtained in the two years indicated that the assimilation framework has to be tested under different environmental conditions before being applied on a larger scale with limited field data.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "yield estimation", "S", "Leaf Area Index", "EPIC model", "Agriculture", "Crop growth model", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "crop growth model", "Yield estimation", "13. Climate action", "Data assimilation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Sentinel-2", "data assimilation"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/5/255/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/5/255/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21951"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21951", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21951", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21951"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/soil-2020-96", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:21:25Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2021-02-06", "title": "Controls on heterotrophic soil respiration and carbon cycling in geochemically distinct African tropical forest soils", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Heterotrophic soil respiration is an important component of the global terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, driven by environmental factors acting from local to continental scales. For tropical Africa, these factors and their interactions remain largely unknown. Here, using samples collected along strong topographic and geochemical gradients in the East African Rift Valley, we study how soil chemistry and soil fertility, derived from the geochemical composition of soil parent material, can drive soil respiration even after many millennia of weathering and soil development. To address the drivers of soil respiration, we incubated soils from three regions with contrasting geochemistry (mafic, felsic, and mixed sedimentary) sampled along slope gradients. For three soil depths, we measured the potential maximum heterotrophic respiration under stable environmental conditions as well as the radiocarbon content (\u039414C) of the bulk soil and respired CO2. We found that soil microbial communities were able to mineralize C from fossil as well as other poor quality C sources under laboratory conditions representative of tropical topsoils. Furthermore, despite similarities in terms of climate, vegetation, and the size of soil C stocks, soil respiration showed distinct patterns with soil depth and parent material geochemistry. The topographic origin of our samples was not a main determinant of the observed respiration rates and \u039414C. In situ, however, soil hydrological conditions likely influence soil C stability by inhibiting decomposition in valley subsoils. Our study shows that soil fertility conditions are the main determinant of C stability in tropical forest soils. Further, in the presence of organic carbon sources of poor quality or the presence of strong mineral related C stabilization, microorganisms tend to discriminate against these sources in favor of more accessible forms of soil organic matter as energy sources, resulting in a slower rate of C cycling. Our results demonstrate that even in deeply weathered tropical soils, parent material has a long-lasting effect on soil chemistry that can influence and control microbial activity, the size of subsoil C stocks, and the turnover of C in soil. Soil parent material and its lasting control on soil chemistry need to be taken into account to understand and predict C stabilization and rates of C cycling in tropical forest soils.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-96"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/soil-2020-96", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/soil-2020-96", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/soil-2020-96"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:21:41Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Knowledge gaps on trade-offs of soil carbon sequestration related to soil management strategies", "description": "The database contains 87 unique literature items (29 reviews, 42 meta-analyses, 16 original papers) describing the effect of a soil management strategy (tillage management, cropping systems, water management, cover crops, crop residues, livestock manure, slurry, compost, biochar, liming) on the trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration or SOC change and N2O emission, CH4 emission and nitrogen leaching. Since some literature items describe effects of several SMS categories, the database_summary tab comprises a total of 112 unique inputs. For each input it is indicated in the Database_summary tab if it was used as input for the 'Soil management effect assessment' in Maenhout et al. (2024) [Maenhout, P., Di Bene, C., Cayuela, M. L., Diaz-Pines, E., Govednik, A., Keuper, F., Mavsar, S., Mihelic, R., O'Toole, A., Schwarzmann, A., Suhadolc, M., Syp, A., & Valkama, E. (2024). Trade-offs and synergies of soil carbon sequestration: Addressing knowledge gaps related to soil management strategies. European Journal of Soil Science, 75(3), e13515. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13515] and/or to define knowledge gaps ('Knowledge gap in tab'-column). Knowledge gaps and research recommendations are gouped per soil management strategy in different tabs in this database. Per soil management strategy, knowledge gaps are clustered per theme in groups. These themes include: the specific soil management strategy, pedoclimatic conditions, establishment of experiments, other soil management strategies, meta-analysis, modelling and other", "keywords": ["Water management", "EJP SOIL", "Climate change mitigation", "Nitrogen leaching", "CH4", "Conservation agriculture", "Cropping systems", "SOMMIT", "N2O", "Organic matter inputs", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15835321", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:22:36Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Single- and double-cropping soybean production systems in Brazil: EPIC-IIASA GGCM simulations", "description": "Soy production in Brazil continues to expand in response to growing global demand. This expansion has been enabled by improved soy varieties and greater agricultural flexibility, allowing for practices such as double-cropping. Being able to model recent past areal expansion and productivity increase of these cropping systems requires a good assessment of their productivity and environmental externalities (e.g., soil organic carbon, soil erosion, nutrient leaching) under alternative management practices.  To assess the productivity and environmental impacts of soybean production systems in Brazil, we employed a gridded modelling framework EPIC-IIASA GGCM, based on the process-based model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate, https://epicapex.tamu.edu/about/epic). The analysis included key cropping systems and conservation practices commonly used in Brazil today: soy mono-cropping, no-till double cropping with corn, and no-till soy cultivation with pearl millet cover cropping. Additionally, we evaluated the role of irrigation and cultivar transitions as management options to support the sustainable transformation of soybean production.  Simulations were conducted on a 0.5\u00b0 resolution grid covering the period from 1982 to 2016, contributing to Deliverable 6.1, \u201cNon-food biomass production based on biophysical modelling\u201d, developed under the CLEVER project (Creating Leverage to Enhance Biodiversity Outcomes of Global Biomass Trade), funded by the Horizon Europe programme (Topic: HORIZON-CL6-2021-BIODIV-01-15, Project Number: 101060765). Among other goals, the CLEVER project seeks to enhance biodiversity outcomes through improved modelling of global biomass trade.  These files are included:  1) CLEVER_BRA_SOY_YLD.zip including 20 NetCDF files containing gridded soybean yield data modelled for soybean production systems, based on the simulation design described in the ReadMe file  2) CLEVER_BRA_SOY_ENVI.zip including 60 NetCDF files containing gridded environmental externality data modelled for soybean production systems, based on the simulation design described in the ReadMe file.  3) ReadMe.docx: Simulation design and metadata description.", "keywords": ["Yield (agricultural)", "Sustainable agriculture", "Computer Simulation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Balkovic, Juraj, Skalsky, Rastislav, Folberth, Christian, Oberleitner, Thomas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15835321"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15835321", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15835321", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15835321"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8089699", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:23:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-28", "title": "High-resolution and three-dimensional mapping of soil texture of China", "description": "The lack of detailed three-dimensional soil texture information largely restricts many applications in agriculture, hydrology, climate, ecology and environment. This study predicted 90 m resolution spatial variations of sand, silt and clay contents at a national extent across China and at multiple depths 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360, 60\u2013100 and 100\u2013200 cm. We used 4579 soil profiles collected from a national soil series inventory conducted recently and currently available environmental covariates. The covariates characterized environmental factors including climate, parent materials, terrain, vegetation and soil conditions. We constructed random forest models and employed a parallel computing strategy for the predictions of soil texture fractions based on its relationship with the environmental factors. Quantile regression forest was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions. Results showed that the predicted maps were much more accurate and detailed than the conventional linkage maps and the SoilGrids250m product, and could well represent spatial variation of soil texture across China. The relative accuracy improvement was around 245\u2013370% relative to the linkage maps and 83\u2013112% relative to the SoilGrids250m product with regard to the R2, and it was around 24\u201326% and 14\u201319% respectively with regard to the RMSE. The wide range between 5% lower and 95% upper prediction limits may suggest that there was a substantial room to improve current predictions. Besides, we found that climate and terrain factors are major controllers for spatial patterns of soil texture in China. The heat and water-driven physical and chemical weathering and wind-driven erosion processes primarily shape the pattern of clay content. The terrain, wind and water-driven deposition, erosion and transportation sorting processes of soil particles primarily shape the pattern of silt. The findings provide clues for modeling future soil evolution and for national soil security management under the background of global and regional environmental changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Digital soil mapping", "13. Climate action", "Large extent", "Machine learning", "Environmental factors", "Uncertainty", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8089699"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8089699", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8089699", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8089699"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11586/524923", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:24:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-12-03", "title": "Addressing the environmental sustainability of plastics used in agriculture: a multi-actor perspective", "description": "Abstract                   <p>Plastics used in agriculture, commonly known as agriplastics (AP), offer numerous advantages in terrestrial agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, but the diffusion of AP-intensive practices has led to extensive pollution. This review aims to synthesise scientific and policy discussions surrounding AP, examining evidence of their benefits and detrimental environmental and agricultural impacts. Following the proposal of a preliminary general taxonomy of AP, this paper presents the findings from a survey conducted among international experts from the plastic industry, farmer organisations, NGOs and environmental research institutes. This analysis highlights knowledge gaps, demands and perspectives for the sustainable future use of AP. Stakeholder positions vary on the options of \uffe2\uff80\uff98rejection\uffe2\uff80\uff99 or \uffe2\uff80\uff98reduction\uffe2\uff80\uff99 of AP, as well as the role of alternative materials such as (bio)degradable and compostable plastics. However, there is consensus on critical issues such as redesign, labelling, traceability, environmental safety standards, deployment and retrieval standards, as well as innovative waste management approaches. All stakeholders express concern for the environment. A \uffe2\uff80\uff98best practice\uffe2\uff80\uff99-based circular model was elaborated capturing these perspectives. In the context of global food systems increasingly reliant on AP, scientists emphasise the need to simultaneously preserve nature-based and traditional knowledge-based sustainable agricultural practices to enhance food system resilience.</p", "keywords": ["multi-actor approach", "330", "Multi-actor approach", "Agriculture", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "630", "Environmental sciences", "plastic pollution", "plastic waste", "Agriplastics", "Plastic pollution", "Plastic waste", "agriplastics", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11586/524923"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Cambridge%20Prisms%3A%20Plastics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11586/524923", "name": "item", "description": "11586/524923", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11586/524923"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1854/LU-8746428", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:24:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-16", "title": "Clustering and Smoothing Pipeline for Management Zone Delineation Using Proximal and Remote Sensing", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In precision agriculture (PA) practices, the accurate delineation of management zones (MZs), with each zone having similar characteristics, is essential for map-based variable rate application of farming inputs. However, there is no consensus on an optimal clustering algorithm and the input data format. In this paper, we evaluated the performances of five clustering algorithms including k-means, fuzzy C-means (FCM), hierarchical, mean shift, and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) in different scenarios and assessed the impacts of input data format and feature selection on MZ delineation quality. We used key soil fertility attributes (moisture content (MC), organic carbon (OC), calcium (Ca), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), exchangeable phosphorous (P), and pH) collected with an online visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectrometer along with Sentinel2 and yield data of five commercial fields in Belgium. We demonstrated that k-means is the optimal clustering method for MZ delineation, and the input data should be normalized (range normalization). Feature selection was also shown to be positively effective. Furthermore, we proposed an algorithm based on DBSCAN for smoothing the MZs maps to allow smooth actuating during variable rate application by agricultural machinery. Finally, the whole process of MZ delineation was integrated in a clustering and smoothing pipeline (CaSP), which automatically performs the following steps sequentially: (1) range normalization, (2) feature selection based on cross-correlation analysis, (3) k-means clustering, and (4) smoothing. It is recommended to adopt the developed platform for automatic MZ delineation for variable rate applications of farming inputs.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Spatial Analysis", "precision agriculture", "ACCURACY", "Chemical technology", "management zone delineation", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Article", "VARIABILITY", "Soil", "YIELD", "FUSION", "feature selection", "ATTRIBUTES", "clustering; feature selection; management zone delineation; precision agriculture", "Remote Sensing Technology", "Cluster Analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FIELD", "SOIL-PHOSPHORUS", "Algorithms", "clustering"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/645/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/645/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-8746428"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-8746428", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-8746428", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-8746428"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:72836", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:24:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-04-24", "title": "Different Cerrado Ecotypes Show Contrasting Soil Microbial Properties, Functioning Rates, and Sensitivity to Changing Water Regimes", "description": "Abstract<p>Soil moisture is among the most important factors regulating soil biodiversity and functioning. Models forecast changes in the precipitation regime in many areas of the planet, but how these changes will influence soil functioning, and how biotic drivers modulate such effects, is far from being understood. We evaluated the responses of C and N fluxes, and soil microbial properties to different soil water regimes in soils from the main three ecotypes of the world's largest and most diverse tropical savanna. Further, we explored the direct and indirect effects of changes in the ecotype and soil water regimes on these key soil processes. Soils from the woodland savanna showed a better nutritional status than the other ecotypes, as well as higher potential N cycling rates, N2O emissions, and soil bacterial abundance but lower bacterial richness, whereas potential CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake peaked in the intermediate savanna. The ecotype also modulated the effects of changes in the soil water regime on nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil bacterial properties, with more intense responses in the intermediate savanna. Further, we highlight the existence of multiple contrasting direct and indirect (via soil microbes and abiotic properties) effects of an intensification of the precipitation regime on soil C- and N-related processes. Our results confirm that ecotype is a fundamental driver of soil properties and functioning in the Cerrado and that it can determine the responses of key soil processes to changes in the soil water regime.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecotype", "0301 basic medicine", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "Naturgeografi", "ecotype", "Cerrado", "greenhouse gases.", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "precipitation regime", "Precipitation regime", "cerrado", "03 medical and health sciences", "Greenhouse gases", "Physical Geography", "13. Climate action", "N cycle", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "C cycle", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "cerrado; ecotype; precipitation regime; C cycle; N cycle; greenhouse gases"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1959.7/uws:72836"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.7/uws:72836", "name": "item", "description": "1959.7/uws:72836", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.7/uws:72836"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:75008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:24:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-04", "title": "Plant footprint decreases the functional diversity of molecules in topsoil organic matter after millions of years of ecosystem development", "description": "AbstractAim<p>Theory suggests that the diversity of molecules in soil organic matter (SOM functional diversity) provides key insights on multiple ecosystem services. We aimed to investigate how and why SOM functional diversity and composition change as topsoils develop, and its implications for key soil functions (e.g., from nutrient pool to water regulation).</p>Location<p>We reported data on 16 soil chronosequences globally distributed in nine countries from six continents.</p>Time Period<p>2016\uffe2\uff80\uff932017.</p>Major Taxa Studied<p>Soil microbes (bacteria and fungi) and vascular plants.</p>Methods<p>SOM functional diversity and composition without mineral interference were measured using diffuse reflectance mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). We aimed to characterize the main environmental factors related to SOM functional diversity and composition. Also, we calculated the links among SOM functional diversity and key soil functions.</p>Results<p>We found that SOM functional diversity declines after millions of years of soil formation (pedogenesis). We further showed that increases in plant cover and productivity led to a higher ratio of reduced (e.g., alkanes) over oxidized carbon forms (i.e., C: O\uffe2\uff80\uff90functional groups ratio), which was positively correlated to SOM functional diversity as soils age. Our findings indicated that the plant footprint (i.e., the accumulation of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived material promoting the C: O\uffe2\uff80\uff90functional group ratio) would explain the reduction of SOM functional diversity as ecosystems develop. Moreover, the dissimilarity in SOM composition consistently increased with soil age, with the soil development stage emerging as the main predictor of SOM dissimilarity across contrasting biomes.</p>Main Conclusions<p>Our global survey contextualized the natural history of SOM functional diversity and composition during long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil development. Together, we showed how plant footprint drives the losses of SOM functional diversity with increasing age, which might provide a novel mechanism to explain typically reported losses in ecosystem functions during ecosystem retrogression.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1959.7/uws:75008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.7/uws:75008", "name": "item", "description": "1959.7/uws:75008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.7/uws:75008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.2158", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-03", "title": "Changes in soil organic carbon under eucalyptus plantations in brazil: a comparative analysis", "description": "ABSTRACT<p>Proper assessment of environmental quality or degradation requires knowledge of how terrestrial C pools respond to land use change. Forest plantations offer a considerable potential to sequester C in aboveground biomass. However, their impact on initial levels of soil organic carbon (SOC) varies from strong losses to gains, possibly affecting C balances in afforestation or reforestation initiatives. We compiled paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90plot studies on how SOC stocks under native vegetation change after planting fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth Eucalyptus species in Brazil, where these plantations are becoming increasingly important. SOC changes for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 and 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depths varied between \uffe2\uff88\uff9225 and 42\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, following a normal distribution centered near zero. After replacing native vegetation by Eucalyptus plantations, mean SOC changes were \uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb75 and 0\uffc2\uffb73\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 and 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depths, respectively. These are very low figures in comparison to C stocks usually sequestered in aboveground biomass and were statistically nonsignificant as demonstrated by a t\uffe2\uff80\uff90test at p\uffe2\uff80\uff89&lt;\uffe2\uff80\uff890\uffc2\uffb705. Similar low, nonsignificant SOC changes were estimated after data were stratified into first or second rotation cycles, soil texture and biome (savanna, rainforest or grassland). Although strong SOC losses or gains effectively occurred in some cases, their underpinning causes could not be generally identified in the present work and must be ascribed in a case basis, considering the full set of environmental and management conditions. We conclude that Eucalyptus spp. plantations in average have no net effect on SOC stocks in Brazil. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>", "keywords": ["Soil organic matter", "Carbon stocks", "Tropical soils", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fast-growth tree plantations", "Land use change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2158"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.2158", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.2158", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.2158"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-26", "title": "Effect Of Environmental Factors On Regional Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Across The Loess Plateau Region, China", "description": "Accurate knowledge of regional soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and the effects of environmental factors on SOC is crucial, both from the perspective of regional carbon budgets and appropriate landscape management of SOC. However, little information is available regarding the regional SOC stocks in the Loess Plateau region in China. Thus, the objectives of this study were to estimate the current regional SOC stocks and to analyze the relationship between SOC and pertinent environmental factors, i.e. precipitation, temperature, elevation, slope gradient, clay plus silt content (<20 mu m) and land use. We investigated upper (0-20 and 20-40 cm) and deeper (0-100 and 100-200 cm) soil layers at 382 sampling sites across the entire Loess Plateau region (620,000 km(2)). Regional spatial distribution of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) was depicted in a map and SOC stocks were calculated for different soil depths using a geostatistical method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the effects of environmental factors on SOCD. Results showed that the mean SOCD was 2.64 kg C m(-2) in the 0-20 cm soil layer and 4.57 kg C m(-2) in the 0-40 cm soil layer, and it was estimated that 1.64 and 2.86 Pg (1 Pg = 10(15) g) of organic carbon were stored in these soil layers, respectively. Estimates for deeper soil layers indicate that mean SOCD in the 0-100 and 0-200 cm layers was 7.70 and 12.45 kg C m(-2), respectively, while the total organic carbon stocks amount to 4.78 Pg C (0-100 cm) and 5.85 Pg C (0-200 cm), respectively. Precipitation, temperature, elevation, clay plus silt contents and land use showed significant regional impacts on SOCD. Generally, SOC contents are higher in soils on mountains (with relatively high elevations and low temperatures) and valleys (with low elevations and high precipitation). The results also show that human activities have heavily affected SOC accumulation. Measured SOCD under cropland was relatively higher than under grassland and forestland. The study provides an overview of the current spatial pattern and stocks of SOC, as well as the effects of environmental factors on SOCD, across the entire Loess Plateau region and may be of further use in optimizing strategies for ecological restoration and regional SOC dynamic modeling as an important initial input. (C) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-19", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Dynamics After Deforestation Along A Farm Field Chronosequence In Southern Highlands Of Ethiopia", "description": "Abstract   Depletion of soil organic matter (SOM) is a major component of soil degradation that threatens the sustainability of smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia. In this study, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) dynamics following deforestation and subsequent cultivation were evaluated using natural abundance of 13C and 15N along a farm field chronosequence cleared from tropical dry Afromontane forest in south central Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from five closely located farm fields cultivated for 7, 10, 26, 34 and 53 years after clearance and from an adjacent natural forest soil. All the soils in the study were Mollic Andosols/Humic Haplustands. The \u03b413C values of the SOC of the farm fields in the 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm layers were significantly elevated compared to the natural forest soil. In the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer, the lowest \u03b413C value of \u221223.17\u2030\u00b10.36 was recorded from the natural forest soil and the highest value of \u221215.7\u2030\u00b11.50 from the 53-year-old farm field. Fractionation of the SOC of the bulk soil based on the \u03b413C values showed that in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer the SOC of the forest origin declined by 74.6%, which is equivalent to 54.1 Mg C ha\u22121 or 740\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, where as SOC input from the agricultural crops was low (240\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121). However, part of the SOC of the forest origin lost from the surface 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer was translocated to the 10\u201320\u00a0cm layer. The SOC derived natural forest approached steady state around 30 years after cultivation while the SOC derived from agricultural crops reached steady state already after 10 years. The results show that the remaining forest derived SOC is recalcitrant while the SOC derived from agricultural crops has a relatively short mean residence time. The soils of the farm fields also showed increasing \u03b415N values indicating a loss of N from the system. The increasing \u03b415N values were consistent with the loss of total N along the chronosequence. A continued loss of N combined with insufficient input of fertilizer will result in a decreased productivity of the studied farming systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mats Olsson, Mulugeta Lemenih, Erik Karltun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-18", "title": "Responses Of Soil Microbial Biomass And N Availability To Transition Strategies From Conventional To Organic Farming Systems", "description": "Abstract   Organic farming can enhance soil biodiversity, alleviate environmental concerns and improve food safety through eliminating the applications of synthetic chemicals. However, yield reduction due to nutrient limitation and pest incidence in the early stages of transition from conventional to organic systems is a major concern for organic farmers, and is thus a barrier to implementing the practice of organic farming. Therefore, identifying transition strategies that minimize yield loss is critical for facilitating the implementation of organic practices. Soil microorganisms play a dominant role in nutrient cycling and pest control in organic farming systems, and their responses to changes in soil management practices may critically impact crop growth and yield. Here we examined soil microbial biomass and N supply in response to several strategies for transitioning from conventional to organic farming systems in a long-term field experiment in Goldsboro, NC, USA. The transitional strategies included one fully organic strategy (ORG) and four reduced-input strategies (withdrawal of each or gradual reduction of major conventional inputs\u2014synthetic fertilizers, pesticides (insecticides/fungicides), and herbicides), with a conventional practice (CNV) serving as a control. Microbial biomass and respiration rate were more sensitive to changes in soil management practices than total C and N. In the first 2 years, the ORG was most effective in enhancing soil microbial biomass C and N among the transition strategies, but was accompanied with high yield losses. By the third year, soil microbial biomass C and N in the reduced-input transition strategies were statistically significantly greater than those in the CNV (averaging 32 and 35% higher, respectively), although they were slightly lower than those in the ORG (averaging 13 and 17% lower, respectively). Soil microbial respiration rate and net N mineralization in all transitional systems were statistically significantly higher than those in the CNV (averagely 83 and 66% greater, respectively), with no differences among the various transition strategies. These findings suggest that the transitional strategies that partially or gradually reduce conventional inputs can serve as alternatives that could potentially minimize economic hardships as well as benefit microbial growth during the early stages of transition to organic farming systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-013-9646-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-29T16:14:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-05", "title": "Performance Of Mango Based Agri-Horticultural Models Under Rainfed Situation Of Western Himalaya, India", "description": "A total of 15\u00a0years of experimentation period (1995\u20132010) was divided into two phases. In the first phase (1995\u20132005), five mango based agri-horticultural models (AHM) viz. Mango\u00a0+\u00a0cowpea\u2013toria, mango\u00a0+\u00a0cluster bean/okra\u2013toria, mango\u00a0+\u00a0sesame\u2013toria, mango\u00a0+\u00a0black gram\u2013toria and mango\u00a0+\u00a0pigeon pea in addition to sole mango plantation (no intercrop) and in second phase (2005\u20132010), two mango based AHM (mango\u00a0+\u00a0colocasia and mango\u00a0+\u00a0turmeric) in addition to sole mango (no intercrop) were studied. The mean maximum cowpea equivalent yield (t\u00a0ha\u22121) was harvested from cowpea (1.84) followed by okra (1.21), black gram (1.11), sesame (0.68) and mean minimum with pigeon pea (0.58). The crop yield reduction among the mango based AHM was observed from third year to tenth year. The positive correlation was found between light transmission and intercrops yields amongst all models during both phases. However, the correlation between mango canopy spread and intercrop yields shown negative trends. The yield reduction in intercrops varied from 37.0\u201352.6\u00a0% during first phase and 20.6\u201323.5\u00a0% during second phase of experimentation compared to sole crop. The results revealed that the fruit based AHM were effective in improving fruit yields of the mango. The mean maximum fruit yield of mango (7.02\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) was harvested with cowpea\u2013toria crop rotation followed by black gram\u2013toria (6.59\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) and minimum fruit yield (5.76\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) realized with sole mango tree during first phase (1999\u20132005). Likewise, mean maximum fruit yield (13.71\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) from mango tree was obtained in the turmeric block followed by (13.00\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) in colocasia block and minimum fruit yield with sole mango tree (11.86\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121). All the treatments of AHM recorded higher soil moisture as compared to sole mango plantation during both phases. The moisture retention under different AHM was in the order of cowpea (13.32\u00a0cm)\u00a0>\u00a0black gram (13.29\u00a0cm)\u00a0>\u00a0pigeon pea (13.27\u00a0cm)\u00a0>\u00a0okra (12.42\u00a0cm)\u00a0>\u00a0sesame (12.17\u00a0cm)\u00a0>\u00a0sole mango (11.62\u00a0cm) during first phase, whereas moisture retention was observed in the order of turmeric (14.20\u00a0cm)\u00a0>\u00a0colocasia (14.01\u00a0cm)\u00a0>\u00a0sole mango (12.60\u00a0cm) during second phase. The cowpea\u2013toria crop rotation with mango gave maximum benefit: cost ratio followed by okra\u2013toria under rainfed conditions. Besides economic viability of cowpea\u2013toria with mango, this system had improved tree growth as well as fruit yield of mango. In the second phase, mango\u00a0+\u00a0turmeric yielded more benefit than mango\u00a0+\u00a0colocasia system. In the first phase, the mango\u00a0+\u00a0cowpea\u2013toria system improved organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and reduced pH by 49.0, 56.3, 48.6, 58.5 and 11.6\u00a0%, respectively as compared to initial values whereas mango\u00a0+\u00a0turmeric system increased organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and reduction in pH by 51.0, 45.0, 29.7, 29.0 and 3.4\u00a0%, respectively over initial values within soil depths of 0\u201330\u00a0cm during second phased. Mango based AHM is recommended for adoption with selective intercrops up to 15\u00a0years of age of mango plantation for multiple outputs and good economic viability without impairing site fertility.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. M. S. Tomar, N. K. Sharma, Pradeep Dogra, A. C. Rathore, H. Lal, J. Jayaprakash, O. P. Chaturvedi, A. Raizada, P. L. 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