Electrical impedance spectroscopy has long been considered a promising technique for noninvasive, in\uffe2\uff80\uff90situ root investigation because of its sensitivity to anatomy and physiology. However, the complexity of the root system and its coupling with stem and soil have hindered the signal interpretation and methodological upscaling to field applications. This study addresses these key issues by introducing three\uffe2\uff80\uff90channel acquisitions and their interpretation through Cole\uffe2\uff80\uff93Cole fitting. This solution could successfully decouple the impedance response of stem, roots, and soil, as well as provide convenient parametrization and comparison of their impedance signals. The methodological solution was tested on 80 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 10 pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] plants, the first extensive and field investigation. The investigation provided evidence of (a) proximal current leakage in herbaceous root systems, extending recent laboratory results and previous indirect field studies. (b) Major role of the plant stem, which has been a substantial concern raised in numerous studies. (c) Minor contribution from the soil, addressing the doubts on the comparability of results obtained in different soil conditions. All together, these evidences lead to indirect correlations between impedance signals and root traits. The explored solution is expected to support the adoption of the impedance spectroscopy, in line with the diffusion of multichannel impedance meters and growing interest in root physiology and\uffc2\uffa0phenotyping.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "SB1-1110"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ppj2.20021"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppj2.20021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Plant%20Phenome%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ppj2.20021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ppj2.20021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ppj2.20021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-03", "title": "Crop Residues And Fertilizer Nitrogen Influence Residue Decomposition And Nitrous Oxide Emission From A Vertisol", "description": "Crop residues with high C/N ratio immobilize N released during decomposition in soil, thus reducing N losses through leaching, denitrification, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted for 84\u00a0days under controlled conditions (24\u00b0C and moisture content 55% of water-holding capacity) to study the influence of sugarcane, maize, sorghum, cotton and lucerne residues, and mineral N addition, on N mineralization\u2013immobilization and N2O emission. Residues were added at the rate of 3\u00a0t C ha\u22121 to soil with, and without, 150\u00a0kg urea N\u00a0ha\u22121. The addition of sugarcane, maize, and sorghum residues without N fertilizer resulted in a significant immobilization of soil N. Amended soil had significantly (P\u2009<\u20090.05) lower NO 3 \u2212 \u2013N, which reached minimum values of 2.8\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 for sugarcane (at day\u00a028), 10.3\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 for maize (day\u00a07), and 5.9\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 for sorghum (day\u00a07), compared to 22.7\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 for the unamended soil (day\u00a07). During 84\u00a0days of incubation, the total mineral N in the residues\u2009+\u2009N treatments were decreased by 45\u00a0mg\u00a0N kg\u22121 in sugarcane, 34\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in maize, 29\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in sorghum, and 16\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in cotton amended soil compared to soil\u2009+\u2009N fertilizer, although soil NO 3 \u2212 \u2013N increased by 7\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in lucerne amended soil. The addition of residues also significantly increased amended soil microbial biomass C and N. Maximum emissions of N2O from crop residue amended soils occurred in the first 4\u20135\u00a0days of incubation. Overall, after 84\u00a0days of incubation, the cumulative N2O emission was 25% lower with cotton\u2009+\u2009N fertilizer, compared to soil\u2009+\u2009N fertilizer. The cumulative N2O emission was significantly and positively correlated with NO 3 \u2212 \u2013N (r\u2009=\u20090.92, P\u2009<\u20090.01) and total mineral N (r\u2009=\u20090.93, P\u2009<\u20090.01) after 84\u00a0days of incubation, and had a weak but significant positive correlation with cumulative CO2 in the first 3 and 5\u00a0days of incubation (r\u2009=\u20090.59, P\u2009<\u20090.05).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop residues", "Nitrous oxide", "571", "2404 Microbiology", "Vertisol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Mineral N", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "1111 Soil Science", "Fertilizer N"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Muhammad, W, Vaughan, SM, Dalal, RC, Menzies, NW,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007%2fs00374-010-0497-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.03.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-02", "title": "Doubled-Up Legume Rotations Improve Soil Fertility And Maintain Productivity Under Variable Conditions In Maize-Based Cropping Systems In Malawi", "description": "Smallholder farmers in Malawi must cope with small farm size, low soil fertility and production risks associated with rainfed agriculture. Integration of legumes into maize-based cropping systems is advocated as a means to increase production of diverse nutrient-dense grains and improve soil fertility. It is difficult to achieve both aims simultaneously, however. Short-duration grain legumes rarely produce enough biomass to appreciatively improve soils, and long duration pigeonpea, commonly grown in Malawi as a dual purpose crop, produces little or no edible grain as a consequence of grain-filling into the dry season. A novel technology is the doubled-up legume rotation (DLR) system in which two legumes with complementary phenology are intercropped and grown in rotation with maize. Initial performance from on-farm research is favorable; however, it is crucial to understand competition for resources in mixed cropping systems under variable soil and climate conditions. We used soil and crop yield data from farmer participatory trials to parameterize the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) and evaluate its performance in simulating observed treatments at three locations in central Malawi. We used the calibrated APSIM model to investigate the performance of DLR and other maize-based systems across 26 growing seasons (1979\u20132005) in the three agroecologies. We simulated two DLR systems (maize rotated with a groundnut/pigeonpea or soybean/pigeonpea intercrop), maize rotated with groundnut or soybean, maize intercropped with pigeonpea, and continuous maize under a range of N fertilizer inputs. We extended findings to the household level by determining calorie and protein yields of these systems, and calculating the chance that an average household could meet their food requirements by dedicating all available farmland to a given system. Simulated maize grain yields in DLR and maize-grain legume rotations were essentially equivalent, and exceeded yields in maize/pigeonpea intercrop and sole cropped maize receiving comparable fertility inputs. All rotation systems were more likely to meet household calorie and protein needs than other systems receiving equivalent inputs. DLR systems accumulated higher total soil C and N over time than traditional rotation systems in areas where pigeonpea performed well. However, the effects of improved soil fertility on maize yields were counterbalanced by factors including N immobilization and water availability. We conclude that where growing conditions allow, DLR can harness the complementary phenology of pigeonpea to build soil quality for the future without reducing maize yields or compromising household food production in the immediate term.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "legumes", "forage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Animal Science and Zoology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "intensification", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.03.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.03.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.03.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.03.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00271-005-0026-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-04", "title": "Comparison Of Irrigation Strategies For Surface-Irrigated Corn In West Central Nebraska", "description": "Many farmers in West Central Nebraska have limited irrigation water supplies, and need to produce crops with less water. This study evaluated the impact of four water management strategies on grain yield of surface-irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) at North Platte, Nebraska. Treatments included: (1) no irrigation (DRYLAND), (2) one irrigation prior to tassel formation (EARLY), (3) one irrigation during the silk stage (LATE), and (4) irrigation following farmer\u2019s practices (FARMER). The study included three wet years (1992, 1993, and 1996) and 2 years with average annual rainfall for the area (1994 and 1995). Significant yield differences among treatments, and a yield response to irrigation, were only observed during the 2 years with average rainfall. During all years, the FARMER treatment was over-irrigated and resulted in considerable water losses by runoff and deep percolation. Grain yield response to irrigation during the three wet years was insignificant among the treatments, but significant during the dry years. The results of this study suggest that inducing stress is not a good strategy for increasing crop water productivity (yield per unit ETd) for corn and point out the need to minimize irrigation water losses and improve irrigation scheduling.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "571", "Soil Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "2312 Water Science and Technology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "1111 Soil Science", "Water Science and Technology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Payero, Jose O., Klocke, Norman L., Schneekloth, Joel P., Davison, Don R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-005-0026-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Irrigation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00271-005-0026-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00271-005-0026-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00271-005-0026-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-23", "title": "Aggregate Size Distribution In A Biochar-Amended Tropical Ultisol Under Conventional Hand-Hoe Tillage", "description": "Biochar (or pyrogenic organic matter) is increasingly proposed as a soil amendment for improving fertility, carbon sequestration and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, little is known about its effects on aggregation, an important indicator of soil quality and functioning. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Eucalyptus wood biochar (B, pyrolyzed at 550\u00a0\u00b0C, at 0 or 2.5\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1), green manure (T, from Tithonia diversifolia at 0, 2.5 or 5.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1) and mineral nitrogen (U, urea, at 0, or 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1) on soil respiration, aggregate size distribution and SOC in these aggregate size fractions in a 2-year field experiment on a low-fertility Ultisol in western Kenya under conventional hand-hoe tillage. Air-dry 2-mm sieved soils were divided into four fractions by wet sieving: Large Macro-aggregates (LM; >1000\u00a0\u03bcm); Small Macro-aggregates (SM, 250-1000\u00a0\u03bcm); Micro-aggregates (M, 250-53\u00a0\u03bcm) and Silt\u00a0+\u00a0Clay (S\u00a0+\u00a0C,\u2009<\u00a053\u00a0\u03bcm). We found that biochar alone did not affect a mean weight diameter (MWD) but combined application with either T. diversifolia (BT) or urea (BU) increased MWD by 34\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.2\u00a0\u03bcm (8%) and 55\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.4\u00a0\u03bcm (13%), respectively, compared to the control (P\u00a0=\u00a00.023; n\u00a0=\u00a036). The B\u00a0+\u00a0T\u00a0+\u00a0U combination increased the proportion of the LM and SM by 7.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8%, but reduced the S\u00a0+\u00a0C fraction by 5.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.23%. SOC was 30%, 25% and 23% in S\u00a0+\u00a0C,\u00a0M and LM/SM fractions, and increased by 9.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0, 5.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8, 6.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.1 and 4.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9\u00a0g\u00a0kg-1 for LM, SM, M and S\u00a0+\u00a0C, respectively. MWD was not related to either soil respiration or soil moisture but decreased with higher SOC (R2 \u00a0=\u00a00.37, P\u00a0=\u00a00.014, n\u00a0=\u00a026) and increased with greater biomass production (R2 \u00a0=\u00a00.11, P\u00a0=\u00a00.045, n\u00a0=\u00a033). Our data suggest that within the timeframe of the study, biochar is stored predominantly as free particulate OC in the silt and clay fraction and promoted a movement of native SOC from larger-size aggregates to the smaller-sized fraction in the short-term (2 years).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil Science", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Hand-hoe tillage", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "Soil aggregation", "Ultisol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Earth-Surface Processes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10333-016-0558-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-10-27", "title": "Intermittent Drainage In Paddy Soil: Ecosystem Carbon Budget And Global Warming Potential", "description": "Intermittent drainage of rice fields alters soil redox potential and contributes to the reduction of CH4 emission and thus may reduce net global warming potential (GWP) during rice cultivation. Incorporation of green biomass helps maintaining soil organic matter, but may increase CH4 emission. We investigated net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) and net GWP under two water management regimes\u2014continuous flooding and intermittent drainage\u2014having four biomass incorporation levels (0, 3, 6 and 12\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). Water management and biomass incorporation level demonstrated significant (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) interaction effect on the NECB and GWP. Intermittent drainage decreased the NECB by ca. 6\u201346\u00a0% than continuous flooding under same rates of cover crop biomass (CCB) incorporation. Moreover, intermittent drainage reduced seasonal CH4\u2013C fluxes by ca. 54\u201358\u00a0% and net GWP by 35\u201358\u00a0% compared to continuous flooding. There was also no significant reduction in rice yield because of intermittent drainage under similar CCB. This implies that incorporation of 3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 CCB and intermittent drainage could be a good option for reducing net GWP and higher grain yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Environmental Engineering", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Water Science and Technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-016-0558-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Paddy%20and%20Water%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10333-016-0558-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10333-016-0558-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10333-016-0558-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10460-009-9239-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-22", "title": "The Shifting Ground Of Swidden Agriculture On Palawan Island, The Philippines", "description": "Recent literature describing the process and pathways of the agrarian transition in Southeast Asia suggests that the rise of agricultural intensification and the growth of commodity markets will lead to the demise of swidden agriculture. This paper offers a longitudinal overview of the conditions that drive the agrarian transition amongst indigenous swidden cultivators and migrant paddy farmers in central Palawan Island, the Philippines. In line with regional agrarian change, we describe how a history of conservation policies has criminalized and pressured swidden farmers to adopt more intensive \u201cmodern\u201d agricultural practices. We examine how indigenous swidden cultivators adjust their practice in response to recent changes in policies, security of harvests, and socio-cultural values vis-a-vis intensification. Rather than suggest that this transition will lead to the demise of swidden, results reveal that farmers instead negotiate a shifting ground in which they lean on and value swidden as a means of negotiating agrarian change.", "keywords": ["Persistence", "2. Zero hunger", "Palawan Island", "Agrarian transition", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Indigenous", "333", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dressler, W, Pulhin, J,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-009-9239-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%20and%20Human%20Values", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10460-009-9239-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10460-009-9239-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10460-009-9239-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-006-9070-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-17", "title": "Crop Residue, Manure And Fertilizer In Dryland Maize Under Reduced Tillage In Northern China: Ii Nutrient Balances And Soil Fertility", "description": "A long-term experiment was carried out in the dryland of northern China to assess the effects of applications of maize stover, cattle manure and NP (1:0.44) fertilizer on partial nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) balances, extractable soil N (SEN), P and K, and soil organic matter (SOM) in a spring maize cropping system, under reduced tillage conditions. The experiment was set-up according to an incomplete, optimal design, with three factors at five levels and 12 treatments, including a control with two replications. Statistical analyses using multiple regression models showed that the partial N, P and K balances were strongly influenced by annual variations in the amounts of soil water at seeding (SWS) and growing season rainfall (GSR). Most treatments had positive P but negative N and K balances. Cumulative P and K balances were reflected in extractable soil P (P-Olsen) and K (exchangeable K), but the weak relationships indicated that the sorption of P and buffering of K were strong. Cumulative balances of effective organic carbon (C) were weakly related to soil organic C (SOC) content after 12\u00a0years. Negative C balances were related to decreases in SOC, but positive C balances were not translated into increases in SOC. The analysis of nutrient balances and soil fertility indices revealed that nutrient inputs in most treatments were far from balanced. It is concluded that the concepts of \u2018ideal soil fertility level\u2019 and \u2018response nutrient management\u2019 provide practical guidelines for improving nutrient management under the variable rainfall conditions of dry land areas in northern China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bench marks", "carbon", "potassium", "rice", "water", "Soil Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "environment", "organic-matter", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-006-9070-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-006-9070-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-006-9070-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-006-9070-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-05", "title": "Reduced Nitrate Concentrations In Shallow Ground Water Under A Non-Fertilised Grass Buffer Strip", "description": "In this paper the suitability of a buffer strip to reduce nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater was tested for a sandy arable soil in The Netherlands during two consecutive leaching seasons. The bufferstrip was a 3.5\u00a0m wide unfertilised grass strip adjacent to a ditch on an arable field. In total 24 groundwater wells were installed in 4 transects perpendicular to the ditch to determine Cl, NO3 and \u03b415N concentrations. Piezometers were installed to assess the groundwater flow, which was in the direction of the ditch with small downward leakage across a peat layer at about 3\u00a0m depth. Nitrogen was dominantly present as nitrate (NO3). The NO3-N concentrations under the bufferstrip were significantly lower than under the adjacent arable field. The lower concentrations were due to dilution, uptake by grass and denitrification. Nitrate was actively removed in the bufferstrip, since the Cl/NO3 ratios were higher in the bufferstrip than in the remainder of the field. Furthermore, \u03b415N data indicated that denitrification occurred in the groundwater and increased with decreasing distance to the ditch. NO3-N loads to the ditch were estimated at 8.5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121yr\u22121, which is relatively low for this area. We can, however, not determine whether these relatively low NO3-N loads were causally related to the reduced NO3-N concentrations in the bufferstrip. Nevertheless, the results of the present study are promising and justify additional research on the efficiency of bufferstrips to reduce NO3 concentrations in shallow groundwater, and subsequently reduce NO3 loading of surface water, under Dutch conditions.", "keywords": ["coastal-plain", "Soil Science", "netherlands", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "riparian zone", "surface waters", "nitrogen removal", "quality", "sandy soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "movement", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-14", "title": "Soil N2o And Co2 Emissions From Cotton In Australia Under Varying Irrigation Management", "description": "Irrigation is known to stimulate soil microbial carbon and nitrogen turnover and potentially the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of three different irrigation intensities on soil N2O and CO2 fluxes and to determine if irrigation management can be used to mitigate N2O emissions from irrigated cotton on black vertisols in South-Eastern Queensland, Australia. Fluxes were measured over the entire 2009/2010 cotton growing season with a fully automated chamber system that measured emissions on a sub-daily basis. Irrigation intensity had a significant effect on CO2 emission. More frequent irrigation stimulated soil respiration and seasonal CO2 fluxes ranged from 2.7 to 4.1 Mg-C ha\u22121 for the treatments with the lowest and highest irrigation frequency, respectively. N2O emission happened episodic with highest emissions when heavy rainfall or irrigation coincided with elevated soil mineral N levels and seasonal emissions ranged from 0.80 to 1.07 kg N2O-N ha\u22121 for the different treatments. Emission factors (EF = proportion of N fertilizer emitted as N2O) over the cotton cropping season, uncorrected for background emissions, ranged from 0.40 to 0.53 % of total N applied for the different treatments. There was no significant effect of the different irrigation treatments on soil N2O fluxes because highest emission happened in all treatments following heavy rainfall caused by a series of summer thunderstorms which overrode the effect of the irrigation treatment. However, higher irrigation intensity increased the cotton yield and therefore reduced the N2O intensity (N2O emission per lint yield) of this cropping system. Our data suggest that there is only limited scope to reduce absolute N2O emissions by different irrigation intensities in irrigated cotton systems with summer dominated rainfall. However, the significant impact of the irrigation treatments on the N2O intensity clearly shows that irrigation can easily be used to optimize the N2O intensity of such a system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "571", "550", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Fertilisation", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Irrigation management", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "1111 Soil Science", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.qut.edu.au/218966/1/Scheer_2013_FRES.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9547-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-008-9174-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-21", "title": "A Comparison Between Legume Technologies And Fallow, And Their Effects On Maize And Soil Traits, In Two Distinct Environments Of The West African Savannah", "description": "Legume\u2013maize rotation and maize nitrogen (N)-response trials were carried out simultaneously from 1998 to 2004 in two distinct agro-ecological environments of West Africa: the humid derived savannah (Ibadan) and the drier northern Guinea savannah (Zaria). In the N-response trial, maize was grown annually receiving urea N at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha\u22121. In Ibadan, maize production increased with N fertilization, but mean annual grain yield declined over the course of the trial. In Zaria, no response to N treatments was observed initially, and an increase in the phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) fertilizer application rate was required to increase yield across treatments and obtain a response to N applications, stressing the importance of non-N fertilizers in the savannah. In the rotation trial, a 2-year natural fallow\u2013maize rotation was compared with maize rotated with different legume types: green manure, forage, dual-purpose, and grain legumes. The cultivation of some legume types resulted in a greater annual maize production relative to the fallow\u2013maize combination and corresponding treatments in the N-response trial, while there was no gain in maize yield with other legume types. Large differences in the residual effects from legumes and fallow were also observed between sites, indicting a need for site-specific land management recommendations. In Ibadan, cultivation of maize after the forage legume (Stylosanthes guianensis) achieved the highest yield. The natural fallow\u2013maize rotation had improved soil characteristics (Bray-I P, exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium) at the end of the trial relative to legume\u2013maize rotations, and natural fallow resulted in higher maize yields than the green manure legume (Pueraria phaseoloides). In Zaria, maize following dual-purpose soybean achieved the highest mean yield. At both sites, variation in aboveground N and P dynamics of the legume and fallow vegetation could only partly explain the different residual effects on maize.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "forage legumes", "agropastoral systems", "northern guinea savanna", "livestock systems", "Soil Science", "biological nitrogen-fixation", "increased crop production", "continuous cultivation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems", "fertility management", "organic-matter", "Agronomy and Crop Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Franke, A.C., Laberge, G., Oyewole, B.D., Schulz, S., Tobe, O.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-008-9174-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-008-9174-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-008-9174-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-008-9174-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-25", "title": "Nitrate Leaching From Organic And Conventional Arable Crop Farms In The Seine Basin (France)", "description": "In the Seine Basin, characterised by intensive arable crops, most of the surface and groundwater is contaminated by nitrate (NO3-). The goal of this study is to investigate nitrogen leaching on commercial arable crop farms in five organic and three conventional systems. In 2012-2013, a total of 37 fields are studied on eight arable crop rotations, for three different soil and climate conditions. Our results show a gradient of soil solution concentrations in function of crops, lower for alfalfa (mean 2.8 mg NO3-N l(-1)) and higher for crops fertilised after legumes (15 mg NO3-N l(-1)). Catch crops decrease nitrate soil solution concentrations, below 10 mg NO3-N l(-1). For a full rotation, the estimated mean concentrations is lower for organic farming, 12 +/- 5 mg NO3-N l(-1) than for conventional farming 24 +/- 11 mg NO3-N l(-1), with however a large range of variability. Overall, organic farming shows lower leaching rates (14-50 kg NO3-N ha(-1)) than conventional farms (32-77 kg NO3-N ha(-1)). Taking into account the slightly lower productivity of organic systems, we show that yield-scaled leaching values are also lower for organic (0.2 +/- 0.1 kg N kg(-1) N year(-1)) than for conventional systems (0.3 +/- 0.1 kg N kg(-1) N year(-1)). Overall, we show that organic farming systems have lower impact than conventional farming on N leaching, although there is still room for progress in both systems in commercial farms.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic farming", "Soil Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Nitrate leaching", "Farmer-centred approach", "Arable crops", "13. Climate action", "Ceramic cups", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Benoit, Marie, Garnier, Josette, Anglade, Juliette, Billen, Gilles,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-016-9801-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-27", "title": "Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide And Ammonia After Cauliflower Harvest Are Influenced By Soil Type And Crop Residue Management", "description": "The decomposition of vegetable crop residues, e.g. from Brassica species, can cause substantial nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions due to their high nutrient and water contents. One promising approach to reduce these harmful emissions is optimizing post-harvest crop residue management. So far published results on the effects of different crop residue placement techniques on N2O and NH3 emissions do not give a consistent picture. One of the key issues is the diverse experimental conditions, in particular with respect to soil characteristics. Therefore, we studied the effects of cauliflower residue management, i.e. no residues (control), surface application (mulch), incorporation by mixing (mix), incorporation by ploughing (plough), on N2O and NH3 emissions in a 7.5-months field study, using a unique open-air facility featuring three different soils with contrasting soil texture (loamy sand, silt loam, sandy clay loam). Cauliflower residues caused the highest N2O emissions after ploughing (2.3\u20133.4\u00a0kg N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121, 1.5\u20132.2 % of residue-N), irrespective of the soil type. In contrast, ammonia emissions were only affected by the residue placement technique in loamy sand, which exhibited the highest emissions in the mulch treatment (1.9\u00a0kg NH3\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121, 1.2 % of residue-N). In conclusion, under the given conditions incorporating crop residues by ploughing appears to produce the highest N2O emissions in a range of soils, whereas surface application may primarily increase NH3 emissions in coarse-textured soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9801-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-016-9801-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-016-9801-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-016-9801-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-25", "title": "Soil Carbon Storage By Switchgrass Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) grown for bioenergy production require data on soil organic carbon (SOC) change and harvested C yields to accurately estimate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To date, nearly all information on SOC change under switchgrass has been based on modeled assumptions or small plot research, both of which do not take into account spatial variability within or across sites for an agro-ecoregion. To address this need, we measured change in SOC and harvested C yield for switchgrass fields on ten farms in the central and northern Great Plains, USA (930 km latitudinal range). Change in SOC was determined by collecting multiple soil samples in transects across the fields prior to planting switchgrass and again 5 years later after switchgrass had been grown and managed as a bioenergy crop. Harvested aboveground C averaged 2.5\u00b1 0.7 Mg C ha \u22121 over the 5 year study. Across sites, SOC increased significantly at 0-30 cm (P=0.03) and 0-120 cm (P=0.07), with accrual rates of 1.1 and 2.9 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 (4.0 and 10.6 Mg CO2 ha \u22121 year \u22121 ), respectively. Change in SOC across sites varied considerably, however, ranging from \u22120.6 to 4.3 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 for the 0-30 cm depth. Such variation in SOC change must be taken into consideration in LCAs. Net GHG emissions from bioenergy crops vary in space and time. Such variation, coupled with an increased reliance on agriculture for energy production, underscores the need for long-term environmental monitor- ing sites in major agro-ecoregions.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Greenhouse gas balance", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Plant Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Perennial biofeedstocks", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "630", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liebig, Mark A., Schmer, Marty R., Vogel, Kenneth P., Mitchell, Robert B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration By Switchgrass And No-Till Maize Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Net benefits of bioenergy crops, including maize and perennial grasses such as switchgrass, are a function of several factors including the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestered by these crops. Life cycle assessments (LCA) for bioenergy crops have been conducted using models in which SOC information is usually from the top 30 to 40 cm. Information on the effects of crop management practices on SOC has been limited so LCA models have largely not included any management practice effects. In the first 9 years of a long-term C sequestration study in eastern Nebraska, USA, switchgrass and maize with best management practi- ces had average annual increases in SOC per hectare that exceed 2 Mg Cyear \ufffd1 (7.3 Mg CO2year \ufffd1 ) for the 0 to 150 soil depth. For both switchgrass and maize, over 50 % of the increase in SOC was below the 30 cm depth. SOC seques- tration by switchgrass was twofold to fourfold greater than that used in models to date which also assumed no SOC sequestration by maize. The results indicate that N fertilizer rates and harvest management regimes can affect the mag- nitude of SOC sequestration. The use of uniform soil C effects for bioenergy crops from sampling depths of 30 to 40 cm across agro-ecoregions for large scale LCA is questionable.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Switchgrass . Maize", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "soil carbon . Soil organic carbon . Bioenergy . Sustainability . Carbon sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "630", "Maize", "Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "soil carbon", "Agricultural Science", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Soil organic", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Follett, Ronald F., Vogel, Kenneth P., Varvel, Gary E., Mitchell, Robert B., Kimble, John,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-23", "title": "Sixteen-Year Biomass Yield And Soil Carbon Storage Of Giant Reed (Arundo Donax L.) Grown Under Variable Nitrogen Fertilization Rates", "description": "High and stable biomass yields for long periods (15\u201320\u00a0years) are indispensable for the successful establishment of a well-developed bioenergy sector. However, the effects of management practices, particularly nitrogen fertilization, on productivity and soil organic carbon (SOC) are difficult to understand, especially when considering that continuous harvesting cycles may have cumulative effects on the crop and its resources use capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different N fertilization levels on biomass production and SOC accumulation of giant reed over 16\u00a0years. Every year, starting from the second one, two N fertilization rates were applied: 80 (N80) and 160 (N160)\u2009kg N\u00a0ha\u22121. The control treatment (N0) was unfertilized. Nitrogen content and use capacity, and SOC gains were determined. Mean 16-year biomass yields were 16.2, 17.1, and 19.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in the N0, N80, and N160 treatments, respectively. Variable yielding phases were observed in the N160 treatment with declining yields towards the last sampling season, whereas the N0 was characterized by increasing yields up to the fourth growing season; thereafter, declining yields were observed. Nitrogen concentration and removed N in the aboveground harvested biomass increased from N0 to N160 and as the stand become older. Mean total SOC stock gains were 1.0 and 0.6\u00a0Mg C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 in the N160 and N0 treatments, respectively. The largest SOC stocks were found in the topsoil, with the largest amount (12\u00a0Mg C\u00a0ha\u22121 in 16\u00a0years) in the N160 treatment. In conclusion, long-term high N fertilization rates result in marginal increments in biomass productivity (about 3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121), but in substantial increments in SOC, especially in surface soil layers. A farmer might prefer to grow giant reed without the burdens of fertilization despite the seemingly benefits on SOC and lower yields of unfertilized plots.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bioenergy; Biomass; Long-term; Marginal land; Soil carbon; Yield; Agronomy and Crop Science; Energy (miscellaneous); Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/566392/6/566392.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-03", "title": "Can Cover Crop Use Allow Increased Levels Of Corn Residue Removal For Biofuel In Irrigated And Rainfed Systems?", "description": "Corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal at high rates can result in negative impacts to soil ecosystem services. The use of cover crops could be a potential strategy to ameliorate any adverse effects of residue removal while allowing greater removal levels. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine changes in water erosion potential, soil organic C (SOC) and total N concentration, and crop yields under early- and late-terminated cover crop (CC) combined with five levels of corn residue removal after 3\u00a0years on rainfed and irrigated no-till continuous corn in Nebraska. Treatments were no CC, early- and late-terminated winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CC, and 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% corn residue removal rates. Complete residue removal reduced mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates (5\u00a0cm depth) by 29% compared to no removal at the rainfed site only, suggesting increased water erosion risk at rainfed sites. Late-terminated CC significantly increased MWD of water-stable aggregates by 27 to 37% at both sites compared to no CC, but early-terminated CC had no effect. The increased MWD with late-terminated CC suggests that CC when terminated late can offset residue removal-induced risks of water erosion. Residue removal and CC did not affect SOC and total soil N concentration. Particulate organic matter increased with late-terminated CC at the irrigated site compared to no CC. Complete residue removal increased irrigated grain yield by 9% in 1\u00a0year relative to no removal. Late-terminated CC had no effect on corn yield except in 1\u00a0year when yield was 8% lower relative to no CC due to low precipitation at corn establishment. Overall, late-terminated CC ameliorates residue removal-induced increases in water erosion potential and could allow greater levels of removal without reducing corn yields in most years, in the short term, under the conditions of this study.", "keywords": ["330", "Plant Biology", "Winter rye", "Horticulture", "Aggregate stability", "Mean weight diameter", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Agricultural Science", "Residue removal", "2. Zero hunger", "Late termination", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Early termination", "Corn yield", "Cover crop", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil organic C"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-18", "title": "Legumes For Mitigation Of Climate Change And The Provision Of Feedstock For Biofuels And Biorefineries. A Review", "description": "Humans are currently confronted by many global challenges. These include achieving food security for a rapidly expanding population, lowering the risk of climate change by reducing the net release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere due to human activity, and meeting the increasing demand for energy in the face of dwindling reserves of fossil energy and uncertainties about future reliability of supply. Legumes deliver several important services to societies. They provide important sources of oil, fiber, and protein-rich food and feed while supplying nitrogen (N) to agro-ecosystems via their unique ability to fix atmospheric N2 in symbiosis with the soil bacteria rhizobia, increasing soil carbon content, and stimulating the productivity of the crops that follow. However, the role of legumes has rarely been considered in the context of their potential to contribute to the mitigation of climate change by reducing fossil fuel use or by providing feedstock for the emerging biobased economies where fossil sources of energy and industrial raw materials are replaced in part by sustainable and renewable biomass resources. The aim of this review was to collate the current knowledge regarding the capacity of legumes to (1) lower the emissions of the key greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to N-fertilized systems, (2) reduce the fossil energy used in the production of food and forage, (3) contribute to the sequestration of carbon (C) in soils, and (4) provide a viable source of biomass for the generation of biofuels and other materials in future biorefinery concepts. We estimated that globally between 350 and 500\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 could be emitted as a result of the 33 to 46\u00a0Tg\u00a0N that is biologically fixed by agricultural legumes each year. This compares to around 300\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 released annually from the manufacture of 100\u00a0Tg fertilizer N. The main difference is that the CO2 respired from the nodulated roots of N2-fixing legumes originated from photosynthesis and will not represent a net contribution to atmospheric concentrations of CO2, whereas the CO2 generated during the synthesis of N fertilizer was derived from fossil fuels. Experimental measures of total N2O fluxes from legumes and N-fertilized systems were found to vary enormously (0.03\u20137.09 and 0.09\u201318.16\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively). This reflected the data being collated from a diverse range of studies using different rates of N inputs, as well as the large number of climatic, soil, and management variables known to influence denitrification and the portion of the total N lost as N2O. Averages across 71 site-years of data, soils under legumes emitted a total of 1.29\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 during a growing season. This compared to a mean of 3.22\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 67 site-years of N-fertilized crops and pastures, and 1.20\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 33 site-years of data collected from unplanted soils or unfertilized non-legumes. It was concluded that there was little evidence that biological N2 fixation substantially contributed to total N2O emissions, and that losses of N2O from legume soil were generally lower than N-fertilized systems, especially when commercial rates of N fertilizer were applied. Elevated rates of N2O losses can occur following the termination of legume-based pastures, or where legumes had been green- or brown-manured and there was a rapid build-up of high concentrations of nitrate in soil. Legume crops and legume-based pastures use 35% to 60% less fossil energy than N-fertilized cereals or grasslands, and the inclusion of legumes in cropping sequences reduced the average annual energy usage over a rotation by 12% to 34%. The reduced energy use was primarily due to the removal of the need to apply N fertilizer and the subsequently lower N fertilizer requirements for crops grown following legumes. Life cycle energy balances of legume-based rotations were also assisted by a lower use of agrichemicals for crop protection as diversification of cropping sequences reduce the incidence of cereal pathogens and pests and assisted weed control, although it was noted that differences in fossil energy use between legumes and N-fertilized systems were greatly diminished if energy use was expressed per unit of biomass or grain produced. For a change in land use to result in a net increase C sequestration in soil, the inputs of C remaining in plant residues need to exceed the CO2 respired by soil microbes during the decomposition of plant residues or soil organic C, and the C lost through wind or water erosion. The net N-balance of the system was a key driver of changes in soil C stocks in many environments, and data collected from pasture, cropping, and agroforestry systems all indicated that legumes played a pivotal role in providing the additional organic N required to encourage the accumulation of soil C at rates greater than can be achieved by cereals or grasses even when they were supplied with N fertilizer. Legumes contain a range of compounds, which could be refined to produce raw industrial materials currently manufactured from petroleum-based sources, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, or food additives as valuable by-products if legume biomass was to be used to generate biodiesel, bioethanol, biojet A1 fuel, or biogas. The attraction of using leguminous material feedstock is that they do not need the inputs of N fertilizer that would otherwise be necessary to support the production of high grain yields or large amounts of plant biomass since it is the high fossil energy use in the synthesis, transport, and application of N fertilizers that often negates much of the net C benefits of many other bioenergy sources. The use of legume biomass for biorefineries needs careful thought as there will be significant trade-offs with the current role of legumes in contributing to the organic fertility of soils. Agricultural systems will require novel management and plant breeding solutions to provide the range of options that will be required to mitigate climate change. Given their array of ecosystem services and their ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower the use of fossil energy, accelerate rates of C sequestration in soil, and provide a valuable source of feedstock for biorefineries, legumes should be considered as important components in the development of future agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "571", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "Air and water emissions", "Greenhouses and coverings", "7. Clean energy", "Biorefinery", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Greenhouse gases", "2305 Environmental Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Biological N2 fixation", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-28", "title": "Enhanced Wheat Yield By Biochar Addition Under Different Mineral Fertilization Levels", "description": "Climate change and global warming have worldwide adverse consequences. Biochar production and its use in agriculture can play a key role in climate change mitigation and help improve the quality and management of waste materials coming from agriculture and forestry. Biochar is a carbonaceous material obtained from thermal decomposition of residual biomass at relatively low temperature and under oxygen limited conditions (pyrolysis). Biochar is currently a subject of active research worldwide because it can constitute a viable option for sustainable agriculture due to its potential as a long-term sink for carbon in soil and benefits for crops. However, to date, the results of research studies on biochar effects on crop production show great variability, depending on the biochar type and experimental conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the beneficial aspects of biochar addition to soil on crop yield in order to promote the adoption of this practice in agriculture. In this study, the effects of two types of biochar from agricultural wastes typical of Southern Spain: wheat straw and olive tree pruning, combined with different mineral fertilization levels on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum durum L. cv. Vitron) were evaluated. Durum wheat was pot-grown for 2 months in a growth chamber on a soil collected from an agricultural field near C\u00f3rdoba, Southern Spain. Soil properties and plant growth variables were studied in order to assess the agronomic efficiency of biochar. Our results show that biochar addition to a nutrientpoor, slightly acidic loamy sand soil had little effect on wheat yield in the absence of mineral fertilization. However, at the highest mineral fertilizer rate, addition of biochar led to about 20\u201330 % increase in grain yield compared with the use of the mineral fertilizer alone. Both biochars acted as a source of available P, which led to beneficial effects on crop production. In contrast, the addition of biochar resulted in decreases in available N and Mn. A maximum reduction in plant nutrient concentration of 25 and 80% compared to nonbiochar-treated soils for N and Mn, respectively, was detected. This fact was related to the own nature of biochar: low available nitrogen content, high adsorption capacity, and low mineralization rate for N; and alkaline pH and high carbonate content for Mn. Our results indicate that biochar-based soil management strategies can enhance wheat production with the environmental benefits of global warming mitigation. This can contribute positively to the viability and benefits of agricultural production systems. However, the nutrient\u2013biochar interactions should receive special attention due to the great variability in the properties of biochar-type materials.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Environmental Engineering", "Nitrogen", "Agricultural wastes", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Biochar", "Phosporus", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Grain yield", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Plant growth", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-02", "title": "Biofuel From Plant Biomass", "description": "AbstractPlant biomass can be used for multiple forms of bioenergy, and there is a very large potential supply, depending on which global assessment is most accurate in terms of land area that could be available for biomass production. The most suitable plant species must be identified before the potential biomass production in a particular region can be quantified. This in turn depends on the degree of climatic adaptation by those species. In the range of climates present in New Zealand, biomass crop growth has less restriction due to water deficit or low winter temperature than in most world regions. Biomass production for energy use in New Zealand would be best utilised as transport fuel since 70\uffc2\uffa0% of the country\uffe2\uff80\uff99s electricity generation is already renewable, but nearly all of its transport fossil fuel is imported. There is a good economic development case for transport biofuel production using waste streams and biomass crops. This review identified the most suitable crop species and assessed their production potential for use within the climatic range present in New Zealand. Information from published work was used as a basis for selecting appropriate crops in a 2-year selection and evaluation process. Where there were knowledge gaps, the location-specific selections were further evaluated by field measurements. The data presented have superseded much of the speculative information on the suitability of species for the potential development of a biofuel industry in New Zealand.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biomass crops", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Environmental Engineering", "High dry mass yield", "LCA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Energy crops", "Perennials", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Greenhouse gases", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Land use change", "Bioenergy potential"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Huub Kerckhoffs, Richard Renquist,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-21", "title": "The Effect Of Pasture Utilization Rate On Stocks Of Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen In A Semi-Arid Tropical Grassland", "description": "The influence of grazing management on total soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN) in tropical grasslands is an issue of considerable ecological and economic interest. Here we have used linear mixed models to investigate the effect of grazing management on stocks of SOC and TN in the top 0.5 m of the soil profile. The study site was a long-term pasture utilization experiment, 26 years after the experiment was established for sheep grazing on native Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) pasture in northern Australia. The pasture utilization rates were between 0% (exclosure) and 80%, assessed visually. We found that a significant amount of TN had been lost from the top 0.1 m of the soil profile as a result of grazing, with 80% pasture utilization resulting in a loss of 84 kg ha\u22121 over the 26-year period. There was no significant effect of pasture utilization rate on TN when greater soil depths were considered. There was no significant effect of pasture utilization rate on stocks of SOC and soil particulate organic carbon (POC), or the C:N ratio at any depth; however, visual trends in the data suggested some agreement with the literature, whereby increased grazing pressure appeared to: (i) decrease SOC and POC stocks; and, (ii) increase the C:N ratio. Overall, the statistical power of the study was limited, and future research would benefit from a more comprehensive sampling scheme. Previous studies at the site have found that a pasture utilization rate of 30% is sustainable for grazing production on Mitchell grass; however, given our results, we conclude that N inputs (possibly through management of native N2-fixing pasture legumes) should be made for long-term maintenance of soil health, and pasture productivity, within this ecosystem.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil nitrogen", "Pasture utilization", "Tropical grassland", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "630", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soils. Soil science", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "Grazing management", "1103 Animal Science and Zoology", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "2303 Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-17", "title": "Biochar Stimulates Plant Growth But Not Fruit Yield Of Processing Tomato In A Fertile Soil", "description": "Biochar addition to soil is a promising option for climate change mitigation and is recognized to exert beneficial effects on soil fertility. However, recent meta-analysis documented controversial effects on soil-plant interactions and on crop yields response. The data presented in this paper are the results of a field experiment on a processing tomato crop aiming to enhance the knowledge on the real applicability of biochar at farm scale in a high fertility alkaline soil. The effects of two biochar types on soil properties and on quantitative and qualitative parameters of processing tomato were evaluated. Biochar application significantly increased the soil carbon content, the soil cation exchange capacity and the availability of NHIrrigation according to reliable estimates of crop water requirements (CWR) is one of the key strategies to ensure long-term sustainability of irrigated agriculture. In southern Mediterranean regions, during the irrigation season, CWR is almost totally controlled by the potential evapotranspiration of the irrigated crop. An innovative system for forecasting crop potential evapotranspiration (ETp) has been implemented recently in the Campania region (southern Italy). The system produces ETp forecasts with a lead time of up to 5 days, by coupling the visible and near-infrared crop imagery with numerical weather prediction outputs of a limited area model. The forecasts are delivered to farmers with a simple and intuitive web app interface, which makes daily real-time ETp maps accessible from desktop computers, tablets and smartphones. Forecast performances were evaluated for maize fields of two farms in two irrigation seasons (2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932015). The mean absolute bias of the forecasted ETp was <0.3 mm/day and the RMSE was <0.6 mm/day, both for lead times up to 5 days.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth observation", "Crop water requirements", "0207 environmental engineering", "forecasting", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "numerical weather predictions", "13. Climate action", "potential evapotranspiration", "11. Sustainability", "Genetics", "Animal Science and Zoology", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Crop water requirements; Earth observation; forecasting; numerical weather predictions; potential evapotranspiration; Animal Science and Zoology; Agronomy and Crop Science; Genetics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000084"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859618000084", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859618000084", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859618000084"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/wsc.2018.4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Assessment Of Management Options On Striga Infestation And Maize Grain Yield In Kenya", "description": "AbstractThe parasitic purple witchweed [Striga hermonthica(Del.) Benth.] is a serious constraint to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in poor soils. VariousStrigaspp. control measures have been developed, but these have not been assessed in an integrated system. This study was conducted to evaluate a set of promising technologies forS. hermonthicamanagement in western Kenya. We evaluated three maize genotypes either intercropped with peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], or silverleaf desmodium [Desmodium uncinatum(Jacq.) DC] or as a sole crop at two locations under artificialS. hermonthicainfestation and at three locations under naturalS. hermonthicainfestation between 2011 and 2013. Combined ANOVA showed significant (P<0.05) cropping system and cropping system by environment interactions for most traits measured. Grain yield was highest for maize grown in soybean rotation (3,672 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) under artificial infestation and inD. uncinatumand peanut cropping systems (3,203 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921and 3,193 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) under natural infestation. Grain yield was highest for theStrigaspp.-resistant hybrid under both methods of infestation. A lower number of emergedS. hermonthicaplants per square meter were recorded at 10 and 12 wk after planting on maize grown underD. uncinatumin the artificialS. hermonthicainfestation. A combination of herbicide-resistant maize varieties intercropped with legumes was a more effective method forS. hermonthicacontrol than individual-component technologies. Herbicide-resistant andStrigaspp.-resistant maize integrated with legumes would help reduce theStrigaspp. seedbank in the soil. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt an integrated approach to controlStrigaspp. for better maize yields.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "striga infestation", "legumes", "Infestation", "Plant Science", "Striga", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes", "peanuts", "Biology", "Sowing", "Sorghum", "Taxonomy", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop Diversity", "Life Sciences", "cropping systems", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Strigolactone Signaling in Plant Interactions", "15. Life on land", "yield", "Agronomy", "soybeans", "Striga hermonthica", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "varieities", "intercropping", "Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2018.4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/wsc.2018.4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/wsc.2018.4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/wsc.2018.4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-22", "title": "Soil Fertility And Crop Yields In Long-Term Organic And Conventional Cropping Systems In Eastern Nebraska", "description": "AbstractOrganic agriculture aims to build soil quality and provide long-term benefits to people and the environment; however, organic practices may reduce crop yields. This long-term study near Mead, NE was conducted to determine differences in soil fertility and crop yields among conventional and organic cropping systems between 1996 and 2007. The conventional system (CR) consisted of corn (Zea maysL.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum or corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean, whereas the diversified conventional system (DIR) consisted of corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum or corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93winter wheat (wheat,Triticum aestivumL.). The animal manure-based organic system (OAM) consisted of soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat, while the forage-based organic system (OFG) consisted of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93alfalfa\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat. Averaged across sampling years, soil organic matter content (OMC), P, pH, Ca, K, Mg and Zn in the top 15 cm of soil were greatest in the OAM system. However, by 2008 OMC was not different between the two organic systems despite almost two times greater carbon inputs in the OAM system. Corn, sorghum and soybean average annual yields were greatest in either of the two conventional systems (7.65, 6.36 and 2.60 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively), whereas wheat yields were greatest in the OAM system (3.07 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Relative to the mean of the conventional systems, corn yields were reduced by 13 and 33% in the OAM and OFG systems, respectively. Similarly, sorghum yields in the OAM and OFG systems were reduced by 16 and 27%, respectively. Soybean yields were 20% greater in the conventional systems compared with the OAM system. However, wheat yields were 10% greater in the OAM system compared with the conventional DIR system and 23% greater than yield in the OFG system. Alfalfa in the OFG system yielded an average of 7.41 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921annually. Competitive yields of organic wheat and alfalfa along with the soil fertility benefits associated with animal manure and perennial forage suggest that aspects of the two organic systems be combined to maximize the productivity and sustainability of organic cropping systems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic matter content", "Organic farming", "Animal manure", "Soil phosphorus", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Plant Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Horticulture", "15. Life on land", "Perennial forage", "Nutrient budgets", "630", "6. Clean water", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Long-term crop rotations", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agricultural Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wortman, Samuel E., Galusha, Tomie D., Mason, Stephen C., Francis, Charles A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170511000317"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170511000317"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-22", "title": "An Energy-Biochar Chain Involving Biomass Gasification And Rice Cultivation In Northern Italy", "description": "AbstractThe competing demand for food and bioenergy requires new solutions for the agricultural sector as, for instance, the coupling of energy production from gasification technology and the application of the resulting biochar as soil amendment. A prerequisite for the implementation of this strategy is the scale\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific assessment of both the energetic performance and of the impacts in terms of greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and crop responses. This study considered the gasification process developed by Advanced Gasification Technology (AGT, Italy), which is a fixed\uffe2\uff80\uff90bed, down\uffe2\uff80\uff90draft, open core, compact gasifier, having 350\uffc2\uffa0kW of nominal electric capacity (microgeneration); this gasifier uses biomass feedstock deriving from agricultural/forest products and byproducts. In this study, the resulting biochar, derived from conifer wood chips of mountain forestry management in North\uffe2\uff80\uff90western Italy, was applied to a nearby paddy rice field, located in the largest rice agricultural area of Europe. We performed a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) adapting the BEAT2 model specifically focusing on the GHG balance of the supply chain, from the forestry management to the field distribution of the resulting biochar. The results indicated that the gasification stage had the highest impact in the supply chain in terms of emissions, but net emissions allocated to biochar were always negative (ranging between \uffe2\uff88\uff920.54 and \uffe2\uff88\uff922.1\uffc2\uffa0t CO2e\uffc2\uffa0t\uffe2\uff88\uff921 biochar), hypothesizing two scenarios of 32% and 7.3% biochar mineralization rate in soil, over a time period of 100\uffc2\uffa0years. Finally, biochar had a marginal but positive effect on rice yield, thus increasing the sustainability of this energy\uffe2\uff80\uff90biochar chain.
", "keywords": ["330", "gasification", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Paddy rice", "Environment (including Climate Change)", "12. Responsible consumption", "Life cycle assessment", "Rural Digital Europe", "life cycle assessment", "11. Sustainability", "biochar", "Energy-biochar chain", "European Commission", "Rice yield", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Knowmad Institut", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "FP7", "2. Zero hunger", "EC", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "SP1-Cooperation", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Energy Research", "rice yield", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "paddy rice", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "energy-biochar chain", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Gasification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/agro/2010030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-17", "title": "Effects Of Fertilization And Soil Management On Crop Yields And Carbon Stabilization In Soils. A Review", "description": "The study of sustainable land use is complex and long-term experiments are required for a better understanding of the processes of carbon stabilization. Objectives were (i) to describe for four long-term experiments the effects of fertilization and soil management on crop yields and the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N, and (ii) to discuss the usefulness of models for a better understanding of the underlying processes. Data of soil organic carbon and total N of four long-term experiments in Germany and China which studied the effect of fertilization (Bad Lauchstadt, Darmstadt) and tillage (Gottingen, Quzhou) were evaluated and soil organic carbon fractionation was carried out. The Rothamsted Carbon Model was used for a description and prediction of soil organic carbon dynamics as affected by fertilization and tillage in Bad Lauchstadt and Quzhou. The type of fertilizer added at common rates \u2014 either mineral N or farmyard manure \u2014 affected the crop yields only slightly, with slightly lower yields after manure application compared with mineral N fertilization. For both fertilization trials, manure applications at common rates had beneficial effects on soil organic carbon stocks in the labile pool (turnover time estimated as 0.25 mm). For Quzhou, no-tillage and conventional tillage had similar effects on total C stocks, with a greater spatial variability in soil organic carbon stocks in the no-tillage plots. Modeling required site-specific calibrations for the stock of inert organic matter for each of the sites, indicating that not all carbon stabilization processes are included in the model and that application of a model to a new site may also need site-specific adjustments before it can be used for predictions. After site-specific calibration, however, model predictions for the remaining treatments were generally accurate for the fertilization and tillage trials, which emphasizes the importance of temperature, moisture, soil cover and clay content on the decomposition dynamics of soil organic carbon and the significance of amounts and quality of carbon inputs in the soil for maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon stocks in arable soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Environmental Engineering", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/agro/2010030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/agro/2010030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/agro/2010030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/agro/2010030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/01140670909510261", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-13", "title": "Soil Physical Properties And Infiltration After Long-Term No-Tillage And Ploughing On The Chinese Loess Plateau", "description": "Abstract Water is the most limiting factor for crop production in dryland farming. A better understanding of the long\u2010term impact of tillage and residue management systems on soil structure and water infiltration is necessary for the further development of conservation tillage practice to improve water use efficiency. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of no\u2010till with residue retention (NT) and conventional (plough) tillage with residue removal (CT) on soil properties and soil water transmission characteristics in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) monoculture system in Shanxi, on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Soil physical parameter measurements were made in the top 30 cm depth in September 2007 after 16 years under the two tillage treatments. Compared with CT treatment, NT significantly (P 60 \u03bcm, 17.0%) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (249%) in the 15\u201330 cm soil layer. There were n...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "soil water retention characteristics", "Soil porosity", "saturated hydraulic conductivity", "soil porosity", "Infiltration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "1108 Horticulture", "infiltration", "Saturated hydraulic conductivity", "630", "6. Clean water", "soil aggregates", "Conservation Tillage", "conservation tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "Soil aggregates", "Soil water retention characteristics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01140670909510261"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Zealand%20Journal%20of%20Crop%20and%20Horticultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/01140670909510261", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/01140670909510261", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/01140670909510261"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Agronomy+and+Crop+Science&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Agronomy+and+Crop+Science&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Agronomy+and+Crop+Science&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Agronomy+and+Crop+Science&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 76, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-15T11:39:45.181825Z"}