In earlier work, we compared the amount of newly fixed nitrogen (N, as synthetic fertilizer and biologically fixed N) entering agricultural systems globally to the total emission of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). We obtained an N 2 O emission factor (EF) of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff935%, and applied it to biofuel production. For \uffe2\uff80\uff98first-generation\uffe2\uff80\uff99 biofuels, e.g. biodiesel from rapeseed and bioethanol from corn (maize), that require N fertilizer, N 2 O from biofuel production could cause (depending on N uptake efficiency) as much or more global warming as that avoided by replacement of fossil fuel by the biofuel. Our subsequent calculations in a follow-up paper, using published life cycle analysis (LCA) models, led to broadly similar conclusions. The N 2 O EF applies to agricultural crops in general, not just to biofuel crops, and has made possible a top-down estimate of global emissions from agriculture. Independent modelling by another group using bottom-up IPCC inventory methodology has shown good agreement at the global scale with our top-down estimate. Work by Davidson showed that the rate of accumulation of N 2 O in the atmosphere in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries was greater than that predicted from agricultural inputs limited to fertilizer N and biologically fixed N (Davidson, E. A. 2009 Nat. Geosci . 2 , 659\uffe2\uff80\uff93662.). However, by also including soil organic N mineralized following land-use change and NO x deposited from the atmosphere in our estimates of the reactive N entering the agricultural cycle, we have now obtained a good fit between the observed atmospheric N 2 O concentrations from 1860 to 2000 and those calculated on the basis of a 4 per cent EF for the reactive N.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "330", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Denitrification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-08", "title": "Assessing The Performance Of The Photo-Acoustic Infrared Gas Monitor For Measuring Co2, N2o, And Ch4 Fluxes In Two Major Cereal Rotations", "description": "AbstractRapid, precise, and globally comparable methods for monitoring greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes are required for accurate GHG inventories from different cropping systems and management practices. Manual gas sampling followed by gas chromatography (GC) is widely used for measuring GHG fluxes in agricultural fields, but is laborious and time\uffe2\uff80\uff90consuming. The photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90acoustic infrared gas monitoring system (PAS) with on\uffe2\uff80\uff90line gas sampling is an attractive option, although it has not been evaluated for measuring GHG fluxes in cereals in general and rice in particular. We compared N2O, CO2, and CH4 fluxes measured by GC and PAS from agricultural fields under the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat and maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat systems during the wheat (winter), and maize/rice (monsoon) seasons in Haryana, India. All the PAS readings were corrected for baseline drifts over time and PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90CH4 (PCH4) readings in flooded rice were corrected for water vapor interferences. The PCH4 readings in ambient air increased by 2.3\uffc2\uffa0ppm for every 1000\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffe2\uff88\uff923 increase in water vapor. The daily CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes measured by GC and PAS from the same chamber were not different in 93\uffe2\uff80\uff9398% of all the measurements made but the PAS exhibited greater precision for estimates of CO2 and N2O fluxes in wheat and maize, and lower precision for CH4 flux in rice, than GC. The seasonal GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O (PN2O) fluxes in wheat and maize were not different but the PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 (PCO2) flux in wheat was 14\uffe2\uff80\uff9339% higher than that of GC. In flooded rice, the seasonal PCH4 and PN2O fluxes across N levels were higher than those of GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90CH4 and GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O fluxes by about 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 4fold, respectively. The PAS (i) proved to be a suitable alternative to GC for N2O and CO2 flux measurements in wheat, and (ii) showed potential for obtaining accurate measurements of CH4 fluxes in flooded rice after making correction for changes in humidity.
", "keywords": ["Chromatography", " Gas", "Spectrophotometry", " Infrared", "Nitrous Oxide", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "greenhouse gases", "climate", "Triticum", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "cereals", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "nitrous oxide", "methane", "rice", "carbon dioxide", "Oryza", "Acoustics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "monitoring", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12347"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12347"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-03", "title": "\u03b415N of lichens reflects the isotopic signature of ammonia source", "description": "Although it is generally accepted that \u03b415N in lichen reflects predominating N isotope sources in the environment, confirmation of the direct correlation between lichen \u03b415N and atmospheric \u03b415N is still missing, especially under field conditions with most confounding factors controlled. To fill this gap and investigate the response of lichens with different tolerance to atmospheric N deposition, thalli of the sensitive Evernia prunastri and the tolerant Xanthoria parietina were exposed for ten weeks to different forms and doses of N in a field manipulation experiment where confounding factors were minimized. During this period, several parameters, namely total N, \u03b415N and chlorophyll a fluorescence, were measured. Under the experimental conditions, \u03b415N in lichens quantitatively responded to the \u03b415N of released gaseous ammonia (NH3). Although a high correlation between the isotopic signatures in lichen tissue and supplied N was found both in tolerant and sensitive species, chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated that the sensitive species very soon lost its photosynthetic functionality with increasing N availability. The most damaging response to the different N chemical forms was observed with dry deposition of NH3, although wet deposition of ammonium ions had a significant observable physiological impact. Conversely, there was no significant effect of nitrate ions on chlorophyll a fluorescence, implying differential sensitivity to dry deposition versus wet deposition and to ammonium versus nitrate in wet deposition. Evernia prunastri was most sensitive to NH3, then NH4+, with lowest sensitivity to NO3-. Moreover, these results confirm that lichen \u03b415N can be used to indicate the \u03b415N of atmospheric ammonia, providing a suitable tool for the interpretation of the spatial distribution of NH3 sources in relation to their \u03b415N signal.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Nitrates", "Lichens", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Chlorophyll A", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Models", " Theoretical", "chlorophyll a fluorescence", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen deposition", "Xanthoria parietina", "Species Specificity", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "source spatial distribution", "biomonitoring", "physiological response", "Photosynthesis", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-21", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Wetland Rice-Duck Cultivation Systems In Southern China", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a rice-duck cultivation system in the subtropical region of China and its regulating factors were investigated by using a static chambers technique during rice growth seasons in 2006 and 2007. The experimental field was equally divided into six plots for two different treatments: One was a conventional rice field (CK) and the other was a rice-duck ecosystem (RD). With the same amount of urea applied as basal fertilization, N2O emission fluxes from RD and CK followed a similar seasonal variation trend. During the flooding seasons, the N2O emission flux was not correlated with temperature, but it was significantly related to soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) (p < 0.01) and soil pH (p < 0.01). After drainage, the N2O emission flux was not correlated with temperature, SIN, and soil pH. Our experimental data showed that peaks of N2O emission flux occurred both in 2 weeks after urea application and after drainage. Compared to CK, RD could significantly increase N2O emission. We evaluated the integrated global warming potentials (GWPs) of a rice-duck cultivation system based on methane (CH4) and N2O emission, which showed that RD could suppress the total amount of CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddies. Moreover, because the decrease of CH4 emissions from RD compared to CK was far more than the increase of N2O emissions from RD compared to CK, RD greatly reduced integrated GWPs (CH4 + N2O) compared to CK. So, the rice-duck cultivation system is an effective strategy for reducing integrated GWPs of the rice-duck cultivation systems based on CH4 and N2O in southern China and will contribute to alleviating global warming.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Ducks", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Archives%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-16", "title": "Effects Of Rice Straw Mulching On N2o Emissions And Maize Productivity In A Rain-Fed Upland", "description": "In the hilly areas of southern China, uplands and paddies are located adjacent to each other. Using rice straw as mulch for upland soil may improve crop production and partially replace chemical fertilizers, which may mitigate N2O emissions. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of rice straw mulching for mitigating N2O emissions and increasing crop production. The treatments included no mulching (CK), 5000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1 of straw mulching (SM5), and 10,000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1 of straw mulching (SM10). Moreover, all the treatments received equivalent amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from chemical fertilizers plus rice straw. Relative to CK, cumulative N2O emissions decreased by 23.1 and 33.5% with SM5 and SM10, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between N2O fluxes and soil water-filled pore space (WPFS) (r 2\u2009=\u20090.495, P\u2009<\u20090.05) and between seasonal cumulative N2O fluxes and the chemical N fertilization rate (r 2\u2009=\u20090.814, P\u2009<\u20090.05). These findings indicate that soil WPFS was the key environmental factor in N2O emissions and that the substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with rice straw was the main driver of N2O mitigation. Relative to CK, the maize yield increased by 16.5 and 29.6% with SM5 and SM10, respectively, which can be attributed primarily to the increases in soil moisture. The chemical fertilizer input could be decreased and N2O emissions could be mitigated through straw mulching, while achieving improved crop yield. This management strategy has great potential, and this study provides an important reference for low-carbon agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Rain", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hai Jun Hou, Chun Mei Yin, Xiao Hong Wu, Wei Wang, Xiao Li Xie,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-25", "title": "Methane Emission Characteristics And Its Relations With Plant And Soil Parameters Under Irrigated Rice Ecosystem Of Northeast India", "description": "Methane flux from rice varieties grown under two identical soils of Assam were monitored. In the first experiment, variety Jaya and GRT was grown in sandy loam soil of Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam and the second experiment was conducted with variety Jyotiprasad and Bishnuprasad in sandy to sandy loam soils of Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zones of Assam. Methane flux recorded from variety Jyotiprasad and GRT was higher compared to variety Bishnuprasad and Jaya. The seasonal integrated flux recorded was 10.76 gm(-2), 9.98 gm(-2), 9.74 gm(-2) and 11.31 gm(-2) for variety GRT, Jaya, Bishnuprasad and Jyotiprasad, respectively. All the varieties exhibited two methane peaks one at maximum tillering stage and other at panicle initiation stage of the crop. Crop growth parameters such as leaf number, number of tillers and leaf area index (LAI) showed strong positive relationship with total methane flux. In both the experiments it was calculated that CH4 emission was substantially influenced by crop phenology and growth. This study emphasise the relationship of different growth parameters with methane emission.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Time Factors", "India", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Methane", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Boby Gogoi, Kushal Kumar Baruah, Prabhat K. Gupta, Nirmali Gogoi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-18", "title": "Five Crop Seasons' Records Of Greenhouse Gas Fluxes From Upland Fields With Repetitive Applications Of Biochar And Cattle Manure", "description": "The application of char to agricultural land is recognized as a potential way to sequester atmospheric carbon (C) assimilated by plants in soil, thus decelerating global warming. Such a process would also be expected to improve plant growth and the physical and chemical properties of soil. However, field investigations of the effects of continuous char application have not been reported. In the present study, the effects of repetitive bamboo char application on CO2, CH4, and N2O flux from soil, soil C content, and crop yield were investigated at two upland fields over five crop seasons. Three treatments: chemical fertilizer (CF) applied plots (Control plot); cattle manure (CM) (10\u00a0t\u00a0ha(-1)) and CF applied plot (CM plot); and bamboo char (20\u00a0t\u00a0ha(-1)), cattle manure (10\u00a0t\u00a0ha(-1)), and CF applied plot (Char/CM plot), were arranged in each field. After three crop seasons, the fourth treatment with char was applied without CF (Char plot) was given to one of the fields. CM and/or char were applied every crop season. Gas fluxes were measured using the static chamber method. Seasonal variations in CO2 flux and total CO2 emissions were consistently similar between the CM and Char/CM plots and between the Char and Control plots. As such, the decomposition rate of bamboo char was quite small, and the positive or negative effect of char on CM decomposition was not significant in the fields. Soil C analysis provided confirmation of this. CM application enhanced N2O emission mainly in the summer crop season. The differences in total N2O emission between the Char/CM and CM plots as well as between the Char and Control plots were insignificant in most cases. Total CH4 flux was negligibly small in all cases. Although the yield of winter crop (broccoli) in the Char/CM plots was twice observed to be higher than that in the Control and CM plots at one of the fields, in general, the char application had no effect on overall crop yield. Thus, the repeated application of bamboo char had no significant influence on greenhouse gas emissions and crop yields, but a high C accumulating function was found.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Manure", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "Japan", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Gases", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Naoya Kanazaki, Akira Watanabe, Akira Shibata, Shuhei Makabe, Kosuke Ikeya, Yuki Sugiura,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-01", "title": "Characteristics Of Nitrous Oxide Emissions And The Affecting Factors From Vegetable Fields On The North China Plain", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases emitted from fertilized agricultural soils. Vegetable fields, mostly managed under intensive mode with higher rate nitrogen application, frequent irrigation, and multiple planting-harvest cycles, does contribute to national GHG inventory greatly due to the increasing planting area in China. N2O emissions from four different fields - a maize field (maize), a newly established open-ground vegetable field converted from a maize field four years earlier (OV4), an established open-ground vegetable field converted from a maize field more than 20 years ago (OV20), and an established sunlight heated greenhouse vegetable field converted from a maize field more than 20 years ago (GV20) with four different fertilization treatments for the OV4 field were measured using the closed chamber method between March 15th, 2012 and March 14th, 2013 in suburban area of Beijing, North China Plain. Results showed that the annual N2O emissions from vegetable fields were 3.1-4.6 times higher than the typical maize field. All the N2O emission peaks were occurred after fertilization and the fertilization associated emissions accounted for 81.1% (ranging from 77.0% to 87.2%) of the annual N2O emission with 22.2% time duration in the whole year for vegetable fields. Both the occurrence data and duration of N2O emission peaks were associated with N input type (chemical or manure) and the application rate. The N2O emission peaks appeared earlier (on the 3rd day after application) and lasted shorter when only chemical N was applied; while they appeared later (on the 7th to 10th day after application) and lasted longer when the combination of manure and chemical N were applied. The magnitudes of N2O emission peaks increased when the N application rate was higher. Dicyandiamide (DCD) decreased N2O emissions by 30.1% and 21.1% in the spring cucumber and autumn cabbage seasons respectively (averaged of 24.7% over the whole year). Calculations showed that it is critical to estimate the emission factor (EF) by N type in order to decrease the uncertainty of regional N2O emissions when using EF as calculation method. EFs were 0.20% and 0.42% for manure N in the cucumber and cabbage seasons respectively; and were 0.55-1.30% and 0.8-1.59% for chemical N in the cucumber and cabbage seasons respectively.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "13. Climate action", "Vegetables", "11. Sustainability", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "He Zhang, Jing-wei Fan, Erda Lin, Tiantian Diao, Miao Lin, Hongliang Yan, Liping Guo, Liyong Xie,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.061", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-14", "title": "Monitoring the impact of desert dust outbreaks for air quality for health studies", "description": "We review the major features of desert dust outbreaks that are relevant to the assessment of dust impacts upon human health. Our ultimate goal is to provide scientific guidance for the acquisition of relevant population exposure information for epidemiological studies tackling the short and long term health effects of desert dust. We first describe the source regions and the typical levels of dust particles in regions close and far away from the source areas, along with their size, composition, and bio-aerosol load. We then describe the processes by which dust may become mixed with anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) and/or alter its load in receptor areas. Short term health effects are found during desert dust episodes in different regions of the world, but in a number of cases the results differ when it comes to associate the effects to the bulk PM, the desert dust-PM, or non-desert dust-PM. These differences are likely due to the different monitoring strategies applied in the epidemiological studies, and to the differences on atmospheric and emission (natural and anthropogenic) patterns of desert dust around the world. We finally propose methods to allow the discrimination of health effects by PM fraction during dust outbreaks, and a strategy to implement desert dust alert and monitoring systems for health studies and air quality management.", "keywords": ["Aerosols", "Air Movements", "Epidemiological studies", "Air Pollutants", "Pols mineral -- Tesis doctorals", "Epidemiology", ":Energies [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Atmospheric particulate matter", "Dust", "15. Life on land", "Mineral dust", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "3. Good health", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Energies", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "GE1-350", "Desert dust", "Dust control", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.061"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environment%20International", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.061", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.061", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.061"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-07", "title": "Effects Of Simultaneous Ozone Exposure And Nitrogen Loads On Carbohydrate Concentrations, Biomass, And Growth Of Young Spruce Trees (Picea Abies)", "description": "Spruce saplings were grown under different nitrogen fertilization regimes in eight chamberless fumigation systems, which were fumigated with either charcoal-filtered (F) or ambient air (O3). After the third growing season trees were harvested for biomass and non-structural carbohydrate analysis. Nitrogen had an overall positive effect on the investigated plant parameters, resulting in increased shoot elongation, biomass production, fine root soluble carbohydrate concentrations, and also slightly increased starch concentrations of stems and roots. Only needle starch concentrations and fine root sugar alcohol concentrations were decreased. Ozone fumigation resulted in needle discolorations and affected most parameters negatively, including decreased shoot elongation and decreased starch concentrations in roots, stems, and needles. In fine roots, however, soluble carbohydrate concentrations remained unaffected or increased by ozone fumigation. The only significant interaction was an antagonistic effect on root starch concentrations, where higher nitrogen levels alleviated the negative impact of ozone.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Ecology", "Plant Stems", "Nitrogen", "Carbohydrates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Plant Leaves", "Ozone", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Picea", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "V.F.D. Thomas, Walter Fl\u00fcckiger, Sabine Braun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-03", "title": "Responses To Ammonium And Nitrate Additions By Boreal Plants And Their Natural Enemies", "description": "Separate effects of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) on boreal forest understorey vegetation were investigated in an experiment where 12.5 and 50.0 kg nitrogen (N) ha(-1) year(-1) was added to 2 m2 sized plots during 4 years. The dwarf-shrubs dominating the plant community, Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea, took up little of the added N independent of the chemical form, and their growth did not respond to the N treatments. The grass Deschampsia flexuosa increased from the N additions and most so in response to NO3-. Bryophytes took up predominately NH4+ and there was a negative correlation between moss N concentration and abundance. Plant pathogenic fungi increased from the N additions, but showed no differences in response to the two N forms. Because the relative contribution of NH4+ and NO3- to the total N deposition on a regional scale can vary substantially, the N load a habitat can sustain without substantial changes in the biota should be set considering specific vegetation responses to the predominant N form in deposition.", "keywords": ["Sweden", "0106 biological sciences", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen", "Fungi", "Plant Development", "Bryophyta", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Joachim Strengbom, Annika Nordin, Lars Ericson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.045", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-11", "title": "Detrital Control On The Release Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (Don) And Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (Din) From The Forest Floor Under Chronic N Deposition", "description": "The role of detrital quantity and quality in forest floor N leaching was investigated in a litter manipulation experiment at a deciduous forest under chronic N deposition. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) comprised the bulk of nitrogen leaching from the control except a short period following autumn litterfall. The dominance of DIN was strengthened by litter exclusion, whereas the addition of glucose or fresh litter led to a small increase in dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and either a temporary or gradual reduction in NO(3)(-) release, respectively. Changes in soluble organic C and microbial C in the forest floor implied that increased availability of C sources might have enhanced microbial immobilization of DIN, either temporarily following glucose application or over the longer term following litter addition. The results suggest that detrital quantity and quality can play a crucial role in determining the balance between DIN and DON in N-enriched forest soils.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Trees", "Plant Leaves", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Solubility", "Betulaceae", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Adsorption", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ji Hyung Park, Egbert Matzner,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.045"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.045", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.045", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.045"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-07", "title": "Fluxes Of N2o, Ch4 And Co2 In A Meadow Ecosystem Exposed To Elevated Ozone And Carbon Dioxide For Three Years", "description": "Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to evaluate the effects of moderately elevated O3 (40-50 ppb) and CO2 (+100 ppm) and their combination on N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from ground-planted meadow mesocosms. Bimonthly measurements in 2002-2004 showed that the daily fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 reacted mainly to elevated O3, while the fluxes of CO2 also responded to elevated CO2. However, the fluxes did not show any marked response when elevated O3 and CO2 were combined. N2O and CO2 emissions were best explained by soil water content and air and soil temperatures, and they were not clearly associated with potential nitrification and denitrification. Our results suggest that the increasing O3 and/or CO2 concentrations may affect the N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from the soil, but longer study periods are needed to verify the actual consequences of climate change for greenhouse gas emissions.", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "570", "Climate", "elevated carbon dioxide", "Nitrous Oxide", "elevated ozone", "Poaceae", "metaani", "01 natural sciences", "niityt", "open-top chambers", "kohotettu otsonipitoisuus", "typen oksidit", "Magnoliopsida", "Oxidants", " Photochemical", "Ozone", "greenhouse gases", "Soil Pollutants", "otsoni", "Weather", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Air Pollutants", "Fabaceae", "Environmental Exposure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "004", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "avoin kammio", "Environmental Pollutants", "Ka", "Seasons", "kohotettu hiilidioksidipitoisuus", "Methane", "meadows"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-28", "title": "Influence Of Solar Uv Radiation On The Nitrogen Metabolism In Needles Of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.)", "description": "Needles of 20-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) saplings were studied in an ultraviolet (UV) exclusion field experiment (from 2000 to 2002) in northern Finland (67 degrees N). The chambers held filters that excluded both UV-B and UV-A, excluded UV-B only, transmitted all UV (control), or lacked filters (ambient). UV-B/UV-A exclusion decreased nitrate reductase (NR) activity of 1-year-old needles of Scots pines compared to the controls. The proportion of free amino acids varied in the range 1.08-1.94% of total proteins, and was significantly higher in needles of saplings grown under UV-B/UV-A exclusion compared to the controls or UV-B exclusion. NR activity correlated with air temperature, indicating a 'chamber effect'. The study showed that both UV irradiance and increasing temperature are significant modulators of nitrogen (N) metabolism in Scots pine needles.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Air Pollutants", "Ecology", "Nitrogen", "Ultraviolet Rays", "typpimetabolia", "rasvahapot", "Temperature", "Pinus sylvestris", "01 natural sciences", "UV-s\u00e4teily", "subarktiset alueet", "nitraattireduktaasi", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "Seedlings", "l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila", "Seasons", "Finland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-08", "title": "Developments In Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Net Energy Use In Danish Agriculture - How To Achieve Substantial Co2 Reductions?", "description": "Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture are a significant contributor to total Danish emissions. Consequently, much effort is currently given to the exploration of potential strategies to reduce agricultural emissions. This paper presents results from a study estimating agricultural GHG emissions in the form of methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide (including carbon sources and sinks, and the impact of energy consumption/bioenergy production) from Danish agriculture in the years 1990-2010. An analysis of possible measures to reduce the GHG emissions indicated that a 50-70% reduction of agricultural emissions by 2050 relative to 1990 is achievable, including mitigation measures in relation to the handling of manure and fertilisers, optimization of animal feeding, cropping practices, and land use changes with more organic farming, afforestation and energy crops. In addition, the bioenergy production may be increased significantly without reducing the food production, whereby Danish agriculture could achieve a positive energy balance.", "keywords": ["Buildings and machinery", "Greenhouse Effect", "Landscape and recreation", "Livestock", "Denmark", "Nitrous Oxide", "Air and water emissions", "Models", " Biological", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "11. Sustainability", "Farm nutrient management", "Animals", "Animal Husbandry", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nutrient turnover", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-20", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions From A Wheat-Maize Double Cropping System With Different Nitrogen Fertilization Regimes", "description": "Here, we report on a two-years field experiment aimed at the quantification of the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) from the dominant wheat-maize double cropping system in North China Plain. The experiment had 6 different fertilization strategies, including a control treatment, recommended fertilization, with and without straw and manure applications, and nitrification inhibitor and slow release urea. Application of N fertilizer slightly decreased CH4 uptake by soil. Direct N2O emissions derived from recommended urea application was 0.39% of the annual urea-N input. Both straw and manure had relatively low N2O emissions factors. Slow release urea had a relatively high emission factor. Addition of nitrification inhibitor reduced N2O emission by 55%. We conclude that use of nitrification inhibitors is a promising strategy for N2O mitigation for the intensive wheat-maize double cropping systems.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "China", "oxide emissions", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "organic-carbon", "n2o emissions", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "field experiments", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "calcareous soil", "Air Pollution", "Fertilizers", "Triticum", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "north china plain", "Agriculture", "temperate forest soils", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "nitrification inhibitor", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural soils", "3", "4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate dmpp", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.060", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-15", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition Alters Nitrogen Cycling And Reduces Soil Carbon Content In Low-Productivity Semiarid Mediterranean Ecosystems", "description": "Anthropogenic N deposition poses a threat to European Mediterranean ecosystems. We combined data from an extant N deposition gradient (4.3-7.3 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 yr\u207b\u00b9) from semiarid areas of Spain and a field experiment in central Spain to evaluate N deposition effects on soil fertility, function and cyanobacteria community. Soil organic N did not increase along the extant gradient. Nitrogen fixation decreased along existing and experimental N deposition gradients, a result possibly related to compositional shifts in soil cyanobacteria community. Net ammonification and nitrification (which dominated N-mineralization) were reduced and increased, respectively, by N fertilization, suggesting alterations in the N cycle. Soil organic C content, C:N ratios and the activity of \u03b2-glucosidase decreased along the extant gradient in most locations. Our results suggest that semiarid soils in low-productivity sites are unable to store additional N inputs, and that are also unable to mitigate increasing C emissions when experiencing increased N deposition.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Carbon Sequestration", "550", "Nitrogen", "Qu\u00edmica", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.060"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.060", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.060", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.060"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-11", "title": "Annual Nitric And Nitrous Oxide Fluxes From Chinese Subtropical Plastic Greenhouse And Conventional Vegetable Cultivations", "description": "As intensive vegetable cultivation is rapidly expanding in China and elsewhere worldwide, its environmental consequences on nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions deserve attention. We measured N(2)O and NO fluxes simultaneously for a full year from Chinese subtropical vegetable fields. Clearly, both N(2)O and NO emissions varied greatly in different vegetable crop seasons within a year, highlighting the importance of whole-year measurement for achieving temporally accurate annual direct emission factors. A revised 'hole-in-the-pipe' model well described quantitative relationships between N(2)O plus NO fluxes and soil-specific conditions. Annual background N(2)O and NO emissions were 0.73-5.0 and 0.26-0.56 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, for the vegetable cultivations. The farmers' fertilization practice increased N(2)O and NO emissions. Annual direct emission factors for greenhouse and conventional vegetable fields, respectively, were 1.1% and 1.9% for N(2)O, and 0.36% and 0.32% for NO, indicating there is a need to consider a differentiation of emission factors for managed vegetable cultivations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Gardening", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Vegetables", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "14. Life underwater", "Plastics", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-29", "title": "Ecological impacts of atmospheric pollution and interactions with climate change in terrestrial ecosystems of the Mediterranean Basin: Current research and future directions", "description": "Mediterranean Basin ecosystems, their unique biodiversity, and the key services they provide are currently at risk due to air pollution and climate change, yet only a limited number of isolated and geographically-restricted studies have addressed this topic, often with contrasting results. Particularities of air pollution in this region include high O3 levels due to high air temperatures and solar radiation, the stability of air masses, and dominance of dry over wet nitrogen deposition. Moreover, the unique abiotic and biotic factors (e.g., climate, vegetation type, relevance of Saharan dust inputs) modulating the response of Mediterranean ecosystems at various spatiotemporal scales make it difficult to understand, and thus predict, the consequences of human activities that cause air pollution in the Mediterranean Basin. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement coordinated research and experimental platforms along with wider environmental monitoring networks in the region. In particular, a robust deposition monitoring network in conjunction with modelling estimates is crucial, possibly including a set of common biomonitors (ideally cryptogams, an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation), to help refine pollutant deposition maps. Additionally, increased attention must be paid to functional diversity measures in future air pollution and climate change studies to establish the necessary link between biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services in Mediterranean ecosystems. Through a coordinated effort, the Mediterranean scientific community can fill the above-mentioned gaps and reach a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the combined effects of air pollution and climate change in the Mediterranean Basin.", "keywords": ["air pollution; climate change; coordinated research networks; environmental monitoring; functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; toxicology; pollution", "570", "Coordinated research networks", "550", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Air pollution", "Functional diversity", "01 natural sciences", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "Climate change", "Humans", "14. Life underwater", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Atmosphere", "Research", "Aquatic Ecology", "Environmental monitoring", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Medio Ambiente", "13. Climate action", "Air pollution; Climate change; Coordinated research networks; Environmental monitoring; Functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Atmosphere; Biodiversity; Climate; Humans; Nitrogen; Research; Climate Change; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring", "Mediterranean ecosystems", "Air pollution; Climate change; Coordinated research networks; Environmental monitoring; Functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; Toxicology; Pollution; Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "Air pollution; Climate change; Coordinated research networks; Environmental monitoring; Functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Atmosphere; Biodiversity; Climate; Humans; Nitrogen; Research; Climate Change; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Toxicology; Pollution; Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/86451/1/CAPERMed06042017_F.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-13", "title": "Using nitrogen concentration and isotopic composition in lichens to spatially assess the relative contribution of atmospheric nitrogen sources in complex landscapes", "description": "Reactive nitrogen (Nr) is an important driver of global change, causing alterations in ecosystem biodiversity and functionality. Environmental assessments require monitoring the emission and deposition of both the amount and types of Nr. This is especially important in heterogeneous landscapes, as different land-cover types emit particular forms of Nr to the atmosphere, which can impact ecosystems distinctively. Such assessments require high spatial resolution maps that also integrate temporal variations, and can only be feasibly achieved by using ecological indicators. Our aim was to rank land-cover types according to the amount and form of emitted atmospheric Nr in a complex landscape with multiple sources of N. To do so, we measured and mapped nitrogen concentration and isotopic composition in lichen thalli, which we then related to land-cover data. Results suggested that, at the landscape scale, intensive agriculture and urban areas were the most important sources of Nr to the atmosphere. Additionally, the ocean greatly influences Nr in land, by providing air with low Nr concentration and a unique isotopic composition. These results have important consequences for managing air pollution at the regional level, as they provide critical information for modeling Nr emission and deposition across regional as well as continental scales.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Lichens", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Portugal", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "Urbanization", "Geographic Mapping", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Reactive nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Nitrogen Fixation", "11. Sustainability", "Industry", "Isoscapes", "14. Life underwater", "Polution - Eutrophication", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-04", "title": "Trade-offs between short-term mortality attributable to NO2 and O3 changes during the COVID-19 lockdown across major Spanish cities", "description": "The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic forced most countries to put in place lockdown measures to slow down the transmission of the virus. These lockdowns have led to temporal improvements in air quality. Here, we evaluate the changes in NO2 and O3 levels along with the associated impact upon premature mortality during the COVID-19 lockdown and deconfinement periods along the first epidemic wave across the provincial capital cities of Spain. We first quantify the change in pollutants solely due to the lockdown as the difference between business-as-usual (BAU) pollution levels, estimated with a machine learning-based meteorological normalization technique, and observed concentrations. Second, instead of using exposure-response functions between the pollutants and mortality reported in the literature, we fit conditional quasi-Poisson regression models to estimate city-specific associations between daily pollutant levels and non-accidental mortality during the period 2010-2018. Significant relative risk values are observed at lag 1 for NO2 (1.0047 [95% CI: 1.0014 to 1.0081]) and at lag 0 for O3 (1.0039 [1.0013 to 1.0065]). On average NO2 changed by -51% (intercity range -65.7 to -30.9%) and -36.4% (-53.7 to -11.6%), and O3 by -1.1% (-20.2 to 23.8%) and 0.6% (-12.4 to 23.0%), during the lockdown (57 days) and deconfinement (42 days) periods, respectively. We obtain a reduction in attributable mortality associated with NO2 changes of -119 (95% CI: -273 to -24) deaths over the lockdown, and of -53 (-114 to -10) deaths over the deconfinement. This was partially compensated by an increase in the attributable number of deaths, 14 (-72 to 99) during the lockdown, and 8 (-27 to 50) during the deconfinement, associated with the rise in O3 levels in the most populous cities during the analysed period, despite the overall small average reductions. Our study shows that the potential trade-offs between multiple air pollutants should be taken into account when evaluating the health impacts of environmental exposures.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "SARS-CoV-2", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "COVID-19", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "Communicable Disease Control", "Humans", "Particulate Matter", "Cities", "Pandemics", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106215", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-25", "title": "Involving schoolchildren in radon surveys by means of the \u201cRadonTest\u201d online system", "description": "A 'citizen science' approach was evaluated as an approach to organize an extensive radon survey to be representative of the population of either single regions or a whole country. The 'RadonTest' online system allowed schoolchildren to undertake and record short-term radon tests in their homes. Measurements were carried out in Israel using charcoal in miniature flacons and simple detectors with high sensitivity. Among other things, the 'RadonTest' online system implements an alternative principle of building a radon map, allowing the display of radon tests more clearly than the traditional approach, while ensuring the confidentiality of test participants. Examples of public radon maps are presented, and the first test results are discussed. A scientifically based approach for the effective identification of buildings with a high radon concentration, based on the principle of radon regulation, is proposed.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", " Radioactive", "Radiation Monitoring", "Radon", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "05 social sciences", "Israel", "Online Systems", "0503 education", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106215"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Radioactivity", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106215", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106215", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106215"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-12-18", "title": "H2S removal and microbial community composition in an anoxic biotrickling filter under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions", "description": "Removal of H2S from gas streams using NO3--containing synthetic wastewater was investigated in an anoxic biotrickling filter (BTF) at feed N/S ratios of 1.2-1.7\u2009mol mol-1 with an empty bed residence time of 3.5\u2009min and a hydraulic retention time of 115\u2009min. During 108 days of operation under autotrophic conditions, the BTF showed a maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 19.2\u2009g S m-3\u2009h-1 and H2S removal efficiency (RE) >99%. When the BTF was operated under mixotrophic conditions by adding organic carbon (10.2\u2009g acetate m-3\u2009h-1) to the synthetic wastewater, the H2S EC decreased from 16.4 to 13.1\u2009g S m-3\u2009h-1, while the NO3- EC increased from 9.9 to 11.1\u2009g NO3--N m-3\u2009h-1, respectively. Thiobacillus sp. (98-100% similarity) was the only sulfur-oxidizing nitrate-reducing bacterium detected in the BTF biofilm, while the increased abundance of heterotrophic denitrifiers, i.e. Brevundimonas sp. and Rhodocyclales, increased the N/S ratio during BTF operation. Residence time distribution tests showed that biomass accumulation during BTF operation reduced gas and liquid retention times by 17.1% and 83.5%, respectively.", "keywords": ["570", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrates", "550", "Bacteria", "Microbiota", "116 Chemical sciences", "116", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Bioreactors", "Denitrification", "Hydrogen Sulfide", "Filtration", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.062", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-05", "title": "Dynamics Of Methane Emissions From A Freshwater Marsh Of Northeast China", "description": "In this paper, CH(4) flux was measured from Nov. 2002 to Oct. 2005, to estimate CH(4) emissions in winter and during freeze-thaw period, and interannual variation in CH(4) emissions in freshwater marsh in northeast China. The results showed that there was an obvious CH(4) emission (0.1-2.3 mg m(-2) h(-1)) in the freshwater marsh in winter. Flux of CH(4) in winter (November to March the next year) was about 3.8%, 5.5%, and 2.2% of the whole year in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively. Emission of CH(4) significantly increased during the freeze-thaw period (April-June), and was about 30.8%, 20.9%, and 20.6% of the whole year in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively. Standing water depth greatly governed interannual variation of CH(4) emissions from marshes during the thaw-freeze period. Interannual variation of CH(4) emissions was significant during the growing season (p<0.05). Standing water depth during April to June was a primary factor, which affected the interannual variation of CH(4) flux during the growing season. Precipitation during the preceding non-growing season affected CH(4) emission indirectly via standing water depth.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "China", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Fresh Water", "Seasons", "Methane", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Changchun Song, Wen-yan Yang, Jin-bo Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-17", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From An Intensively Cultivated Maize\u2013Wheat Rotation Soil In The North China Plain", "description": "N2O emissions from a maize-wheat rotation field were monitored in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station (Fengqiu County, Henan Province, China) from June 2004 to June 2005. The experiment included four treatments: a bare (crop-absent) soil treated with 150 kg N ha-1 (WN150) and soils fertilized with 0 (N0), 150 (N150), and 250 (N250) kg N ha-1 and cropped with maize or wheat. The bulk of the N2O emissions occurred in pulses following the application of fertilizer N at soil temperatures of 15 degrees C or more. The application of fertilizer N significantly increased the N2O emission, from 636 g N2O-N ha-1 year-1 in the N0 treatment to 4480 g N2O-N ha-1 year-1 in the N250 treatment. However, this increase primarily occurred during the maize growing season. The emission factor of applied fertilizer N as N2O was 1.05-1.34% and 0.24-0.26% during the 105-day maize and 241-day wheat growing seasons, respectively, and was on average 0.61-0.77%. Increasing the rate of fertilizer application increased the emission factor during the maize growing season. The presence of maize appears to increase N2O emission by 45% versus bare soil during the maize growing season. And, N2O emission during the maize season were significantly related to CO2 production (R=0.43-0.81, n=30, P<0.05). N2O emission was greatly affected by soil moisture during the maize growing season and by soil temperature during the wheat growing season. The maximum rates of nitrification occurred when soil moisture was in the range of 45-60% WFPS, with the optimum value being approximately 50%. However, soil moisture influenced N2O emission only when the soil temperature was at the optimum level. It is suggested that reducing the application rate of basal fertilizer N during the maize growing season could decrease N2O emission.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Weather", "Triticum", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-19", "title": "Effects Of Water Regime During Rice-Growing Season On Annual Direct N2o Emission In A Paddy Rice-Winter Wheat Rotation System In Southeast China", "description": "Annual paddy rice-winter wheat rotation constitutes one of the typical cropping systems in southeast China, in which various water regimes are currently practiced during the rice-growing season, including continuous flooding (F), flooding-midseason drainage-reflooding (F-D-F), and flooding-midseason drainage-reflooding and moisture but without waterlogging (F-D-F-M). We conducted a field experiment in a rice-winter wheat rotation system to gain an insight into the water regime-specific emission factors and background emissions of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) over the whole annual cycle. While flooding led to an unpronounced N(2)O emission during the rice-growing season, it incurred substantial N(2)O emission during the following non-rice season. During the non-rice season, N(2)O fluxes were, on average, 2.61 and 2.48 mg N(2)O-Nm(-)(2) day(-1) for the 250 kg N ha(-1) applied plots preceded by the F and F-D-F water regimes, which are 56% and 49% higher than those by the F-D-F-M water regime, respectively. For the annual rotation system experienced by continuous flooding during the rice-growing season, the relationship between N(2)O emission and nitrogen input predicted the emission factor and background emission of N(2)O to be 0.87% and 1.77 kg N(2)O-Nha(-1), respectively. For the plots experienced by the water regimes of F-D-F and F-D-F-M, the emission factors of N(2)O averaged 0.97% and 0.85%, with background N(2)O emissions of 2.00 kg N(2)O-Nha(-1) and 1.61 kg N(2)O-Nha(-1) for the annual rotation system, respectively. Annual direct N(2)O-N emission was estimated to be 98.1 Gg yr(-1) in Chinese rice-based cropping systems in the 1990s, consisting of 32.3 Gg during the rice-growing season and 65.8 Gg during the non-rice season, which accounts for 25-35% of the annual total emission from croplands in China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Floods", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "Triticum", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-19", "title": "Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Semi-Arid Soils Amended With Biochar Alone Or Combined With Mineral And Organic Fertilizers", "description": "Semi-arid soils cover a significant area of Earth's land surface and typically contain large amounts of inorganic C. Determining the effects of biochar additions on CO2 emissions from semi-arid soils is therefore essential for evaluating the potential of biochar as a climate change mitigation strategy. Here, we measured the CO2 that evolved from semi-arid calcareous soils amended with biochar at rates of 0 and 20tha(-1) in a full factorial combination with three different fertilizers (mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, and sewage sludge) applied at four rates (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, and 225kg potentially available Nha(-1)) during 182 days of aerobic incubation. A double exponential model, which describes cumulative CO2 emissions from two active soil C compartments with different turnover rates (one relatively stable and the other more labile), was found to fit very well all the experimental datasets. In general, the organic fertilizers increased the size and decomposition rate of the stable and labile soil C pools. In contrast, biochar addition had no effects on any of the double exponential model parameters and did not interact with the effects ascribed to the type and rate of fertilizer. After 182 days of incubation, soil organic and microbial biomass C contents tended to increase with increasing the application rates of organic fertilizer, especially of compost, whereas increasing the rate of mineral fertilizer tended to suppress microbial biomass. Biochar was found to increase both organic and inorganic C contents in soil and not to interact with the effects of type and rate of fertilizer on C fractions. As a whole, our results suggest that the use of biochar as enhancer of semi-arid soils, either alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers, is unlikely to increase abiotic and biotic soil CO2 emissions.", "keywords": ["Bioqu\u00edmica", "Mineral fertilizer", "Carbonates", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Inorganic C", "11. Sustainability", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Air Pollutants", "Minerals", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic amendment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.141", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-19", "title": "Effects Of Biochar And Other Amendments On The Physical Properties And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of An Artificially Degraded Soil", "description": "Short and long-term impacts of biochar on soil properties under field conditions are poorly understood. In addition, there is a lack of field reports of the impacts of biochar on soil physical properties, gaseous emissions and C stability, particularly in comparison with other amendments. Thus, three amendments - biochar produced from oak at 650\u00b0C, humic acid (HA) and water treatment residual - (WTR) were added to a scalped silty-loam soil @ 0.5% (w/w) in triplicated plots under soybean. Over the 4-month active growing season, all amendments significantly increased soil pH, but the effect of biochar was the greatest. Biochar significantly increased soil-C by 7%, increased sub-nanopore surface area by 15% and reduced soil bulk density by 13% compared to control. However, only WTR amendment significantly increased soil nanopore surface area by 23% relative to the control. While total cumulative CH4 and CO2 emissions were not significantly affected by any amendment, cumulative N2O emission was significantly decreased in the biochar-amended soil (by 92%) compared to control over the growing period. Considering both the total gas emissions and the C removed from the atmosphere as crop growth and C added to the soil, WTR and HA resulted in net soil C losses and biochar as a soil C gain. However, all amendments reduced the global warming potential (GWP) of the soil and biochar addition even produced a net negative GWP effect. The short observation period, low application rate and high intra-treatment variation resulted in fewer significant effects of the amendments on the physicochemical properties of the soils than one might expect indicating further possible experimentation altering these variables. However, there was clear evidence of amendment-soil interaction processes affecting both soil properties and gaseous emissions, particularly for biochar, that might lead to greater changes with additional field emplacement time.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.141"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.141", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.141", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.141"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-02", "title": "C And N Accumulations In Soil Aggregates Determine Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Cover Crop Treated Rice Paddy Soils During Fallow Season", "description": "Combination of leguminous and non-leguminous plant residues are preferably applied in rice paddy soils to increase the rate of organic matter mineralization and to improve plant growth. However, organic matter addition facilitates methane (CH4) emission from rice paddy soil. Mineralization of organic nitrogen (N) increases NO3-N concentrations in soil, which are precursors for the formation of nitrous oxide (N2O). However, N2O is a minor greenhouse gas emitted from submerged rice field and hence is not often considered during calculation of total global warming potential (GWP) during rice cultivation. The hypothesis of this study was that fluxes of N2O emissions might be changed after removal of flooded water from rice field and the effect of cover crops on N2O emissions in the fallow season might be interesting. However, the effects of N-rich plant residues on N2O emission rates in the fallow season and its effect on annual GWP were not studied before. In this experiment, combination of barley (non-leguminous) and hairy vetch (leguminous) biomasses were applied at 9 Mg ha(-1) and 27 Mg ha(-1) rates in rice paddy soil. Cover crop application significantly increased CH4 emission flux while decreased N2O emissions during rice cultivation. The lowest N2O emission was observed in 27 Mg ha(-1) cover crop treated plots. Cover crop applications increased N contents in soil aggregates especially in smaller aggregates (<250 \u03bcm), and that proportionately increased the N2O emission potentials of these soil aggregates. Fluxes of N2O emissions in the fallow season were influenced by the N2O emission potentials of soil aggregates and followed opposite trends as those observed during rice cultivation. Therefore, it could be concluded that the doses of cover crop applications for rice cultivation should not be optimized considering only CH4, but N2O should also be considered especially for fallow season to calculate total GWP.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-05", "title": "Management Of Irrigation Frequency And Nitrogen Fertilization To Mitigate Ghg And No Emissions From Drip-Fertigated Crops", "description": "Drip irrigation combined with split application of fertilizer nitrogen (N) dissolved in the irrigation water (i.e. drip fertigation) is commonly considered best management practice for water and nutrient efficiency. As a consequence, its use is becoming widespread. Some of the main factors (water-filled pore space, NH4(+) and NO3(-)) regulating the emissions of greenhouse gases (i.e. N2O, CO2 and CH4) and NO from agroecosystems can easily be manipulated by drip fertigation without yield penalties. In this study, we tested management options to reduce these emissions in a field experiment with a melon (Cucumis melo L.) crop. Treatments included drip irrigation frequency (weekly/daily) and type of N fertilizer (urea/calcium nitrate) applied by fertigation. Crop yield, environmental parameters, soil mineral N concentrations and fluxes of N2O, NO, CH4 and CO2 were measured during 85 days. Fertigation with urea instead of calcium nitrate increased N2O and NO emissions by a factor of 2.4 and 2.9, respectively (P<0.005). Daily irrigation reduced NO emissions by 42% (P<0.005) but increased CO2 emissions by 21% (P<0.05) compared with weekly irrigation. We found no relation between irrigation frequency and N2O emissions. Based on yield-scaled Global Warming Potential as well as NO cumulative emissions, we conclude that weekly fertigation with a NO3(-)-based fertilizer is the best option to combine agronomic productivity with environmental sustainability. Our study shows that adequate management of drip fertigation, while contributing to the attainment of water and food security, may provide an opportunity for climate change mitigation.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "oxide emissions", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Climate Change", "water", "Nitrous Oxide", "n2o emissions", "nitric-oxide", "treated pig slurries", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "Air Pollution", "Fertilizers", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "carbon", "Agricultura", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "field", "6. Clean water", "mediterranean climate", "13. Climate action", "potato", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-07", "title": "Effects Of Straw Incorporation Along With Microbial Inoculant On Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Rice Fields", "description": "Incorporation of straw together with microbial inoculant (a microorganism agent, accelerating straw decomposition) is being increasingly adopted in rice cultivation, thus its effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions merits serious attention. A 3-year field experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2012 to investigate combined effect of straw and microbial inoculant on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in a rice field in Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China. The experiment was designed to have treatment NPK (N, P and K fertilizers only), treatment NPKS (NPK plus wheat straw), treatment NPKSR (NPKS plus Ruilaite microbial inoculant) and treatment NPKSJ (NPKS plus Jinkuizi microbial inoculant). Results show that compared to NPK, NPKS increased seasonal CH4 emission by 280-1370%, while decreasing N2O emission by 7-13%. When compared with NPKS, NPKSR and NPKSJ increased seasonal CH4 emission by 7-13% and 6-12%, respectively, whereas reduced N2O emission by 10-27% and 9-24%, respectively. The higher CH4 emission could be attributed to the higher soil CH4 production potential triggered by the combined application of straw and microbial inoculant, and the lower N2O emission to the decreased inorganic N content. As a whole, the benefit of lower N2O emission was completely offset by increased CH4 emission, resulting in a higher GWP for NPKSR (5-12%) and NPKSJ (5-11%) relative to NPKS. Due to NPKSR and NPKSJ increased rice grain yield by 3-6% and 2-4% compared to NPKS, the GHGI values for NPKS, NPKSR and NPKSJ were comparable. These findings suggest that incorporating straw together with microbial inoculant would not influence the radiative forcing of rice production in the terms of per unit of rice grain yield relative to the incorporation of straw alone.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agricultural Inoculants", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-18", "title": "Effects Of Different Biochars And Digestate On N2o Fluxes Under Field Conditions", "description": "Field studies that have investigated the effects of char materials on the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) are still scarce. Therefore, we conducted a field trial with bio- and hydrochars and measured N2O emissions for one whole year. It was hypothesised that the incorporation of chars reduces the emissions of N2O. Chars were produced by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) using either maize silage or wood residues as feedstock. In addition, after production chars were post-treated with digestate in order to accelerate the ageing process of the chars. Chars and digestate were applied to the soil to raise the C content. Emissions of N2O were measured weekly and soil samples for inorganic nitrogen (N) and soil water-content were taken once a month. Additionally, the abundance of functional marker genes from denitrification (nosZ) was determined in October 2012 and in June 2013. The treatment with pure digestate emitted the most N2O compared to the control and char treatments. However, this was significant only in one case. There were no great differences between the char treatments due to high spatial variability and gene abundance of nosZ did not differ between treatments. Overall, emissions of N2O were relatively low. This was attributed to the heterogeneous distribution of the chars and the sandy soils that did not favour the production of N2O. To conclude, the emissions of N2O were mainly influenced by temperature and precipitation and to a minor extent by the type of char and post-treatment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.054", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-18", "title": "Benefits Of Biochar, Compost And Biochar-Compost For Soil Quality, Maize Yield And Greenhouse Gas Emissions In A Tropical Agricultural Soil", "description": "Soil quality decline represents a significant constraint on the productivity and sustainability of agriculture in the tropics. In this study, the influence of biochar, compost and mixtures of the two on soil fertility, maize yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was investigated in a tropical Ferralsol. The treatments were: 1) control with business as usual fertilizer (F); 2) 10 t ha(-1) biochar (B)+F; 3) 25 t ha(-1) compost (Com)+F; 4) 2.5 t ha(-1) B+25 t ha(-1) Com mixed on site+F; and 5) 25 t ha(-1) co-composted biochar-compost (COMBI)+F. Total aboveground biomass and maize yield were significantly improved relative to the control for all organic amendments, with increases in grain yield between 10 and 29%. Some plant parameters such as leaf chlorophyll were significantly increased by the organic treatments. Significant differences were observed among treatments for the \u03b4(15)N and \u03b4(13)C contents of kernels. Soil physicochemical properties including soil water content (SWC), total soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3(-)N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4(+)-N), exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly increased by the organic amendments. Maize grain yield was correlated positively with total biomass, leaf chlorophyll, foliar N and P content, SOC and SWC. Emissions of CO2 and N2O were higher from the organic-amended soils than from the fertilizer-only control. However, N2O emissions generally decreased over time for all treatments and emission from the biochar was lower compared to other treatments. Our study concludes that the biochar and biochar-compost-based soil management approaches can improve SOC, soil nutrient status and SWC, and maize yield and may help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in certain systems.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "compost", "Nitrogen", "Zea mays", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "greenhouse gases", "11. Sustainability", "biochar", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Tropical Climate", "Nitrates", "soil fertility", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Plant Leaves", "corn", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.054"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.054", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.054", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.054"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-05", "title": "Measuring and mapping the effectiveness of the European Air Quality Directive in reducing N and S deposition at the ecosystem level", "description": "To protect human health and the environment (namely ecosystems), international air quality protocols and guidelines, like the Gothenburg protocol (1999) and the 2001 EU Air Quality Directive (NECD), conveyed national emission ceilings for atmospheric pollutants (Directive 2001/81/EC), including the reduction of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) emissions by 2010. However, to what degree this expected reduction in emissions had reflections at the ecosystem level (i.e. pollutant levels reaching and impacting ecosystems and their organisms) remains unknown. Here, we used lichens as ecological indicators, together with reported air and precipitation pollutant concentrations, to determine and map the consequences of the S and N atmospheric emission's reduction, during the implementation of the 2001 Directive (in 2002 and 2011), due primarily to the industrial-sector. The study area is a mixed-land-use industrialized Mediterranean agroforest ecosystem, in southwest Europe. The reduction of S emissions (2002-2011) was reflected at the ecosystem level, as the same S-declining trend was observed in atmospheric measurement stations and lichens alike (-70%), indicating that most S deposited to the ecosystem had an industrial origin. However, this was not the case for N with a slight N-reduction near industrial facilities, but mostly N-deposition in lichens increased in areas dominated by agricultural land-uses. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of going beyond emissions estimation and modeling, to assess the success of the implementation of the NECD in lowering pollutant accumulation in living organisms and their environment. This can only be achieved by measuring pollutant deposition at the ecosystem level (e.g. living organisms). By doing so, we were able to show that the 2001 NECD was successful in reducing S concentrations from Industry, whereas N remains a challenge. Despite the small reduction in N-emissions, deposition into ecosystems did not reflect these changes as agriculture and transport sectors must reduce NH3 and NOx emissions.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Policy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Europe", "13. Climate action", "Ecological indicator; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Deposition; Emission; Air Quality Directive", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "Humans", "Ecosystem", "Sulfur", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.059", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.140", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-04", "title": "Reduced Carbon Sequestration Potential Of Biochar In Acidic Soil", "description": "Biochar application in soil has been proposed as a promising method for carbon sequestration. While factors affecting its carbon sequestration potential have been widely investigated, the number of studies on the effect of soil pH is limited. To investigate the carbon sequestration potential of biochar across a series of soil pH levels, the total carbon emission, CO2 release from inorganic carbon, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) of six soils with various pH levels were compared after the addition of straw biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures. The results show that the acidic soils released more CO2 (1.5-3.5 times higher than the control) after the application of biochar compared with neutral and alkaline soils. The degradation of both native soil organic carbon (SOC) and biochar were accelerated. More inorganic CO2 release in acidic soil contributed to the increased degradation of biochar. Higher proportion of gram-positive bacteria in acidic soil (25%-36%) was responsible for the enhanced biochar degradation and simultaneously co-metabolism of SOC. In addition, lower substrate limitation for bacteria, indicated by higher C-O stretching after the biochar application in the acidic soil, also caused more CO2 release. In addition to the soil pH, other factors such as clay contents and experimental duration also affected the phsico-chemical and biotic processes of SOC dynamics. Gram-negative/gram-positive bacteria ratio was found to be negatively related to priming effects, and suggested to serve as an indicator for priming effect. In general, the carbon sequestration potential of rice-straw biochar in soil reduced along with the decrease of soil pH especially in a short-term. Given wide spread of acidic soils in China, carbon sequestration potential of biochar may be overestimated without taking into account the impact of soil pH.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Carbon Sequestration", "China", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yu Zhan, Yaqi Sheng, Lizhong Zhu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.140"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.140", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.140", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.140"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/es1040915", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-29", "title": "Long-Term Bioethanol System And Its Implications On Ghg Emissions: A Case Study Of Thailand", "description": "The study evaluates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions performance of future bioethanol systems in Thailand to ascertain whether bioethanol for transport could help the country mitigate a global warming impact. GHG emission factors of bioethanol derived from cassava, molasses, and sugar cane are analyzed using 12 scenarios covering the critical variables possibly affecting the GHG performance, i.e., (1) the possible direct land use change caused by expanding feedstock cultivation areas; (2) types of energy carriers used in ethanol plants; and (3) waste utilization, e.g., biogas recovery and dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) production. The assessment reveals that GHG performance of a Thai bioethanol system is inclined to decrease in the long run due to the effects from the expansion of plantation areas to satisfy the deficit of cassava and molasses. Therefore, bioethanol will contribute to the country's strategic plan on GHG mitigation in the transportation sector only if the production systems are sustainably managed, i.e., coal replaced by biomass in ethanol plants, biogas recovery, and adoption of improved agricultural practices to increase crop productivity without intensification of chemical fertilizers. Achieving the year 2022 government policy targets for bioethanol with recommended measures would help mitigate GHG emissions up to 4.6 Gg CO(2)-eq per year.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Ethanol", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Thailand", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/es1040915"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/es1040915", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/es1040915", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/es1040915"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/es102597f", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-22", "title": "Quantifying Variability In Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Inventories Of Alternative Middle Distillate Transportation Fuels", "description": "The presence of variability in life cycle analysis (LCA) is inherent due to both inexact LCA procedures and variation of numerical inputs. Variability in LCA needs to be clearly distinguished from uncertainty. This paper uses specific examples from the production of diesel and jet fuels from 14 different feedstocks to demonstrate general trends in the types and magnitudes of variability present in life cycle greenhouse gas (LC-GHG) inventories of middle distillate fuels. Sources of variability have been categorized as pathway specific, coproduct usage and allocation, and land use change. The results of this research demonstrate that subjective choices such as coproduct usage and allocation methodology can be more important sources of variability in the LC-GHG inventory of a fuel option than the process and energy use of fuel production. Through the application of a consistent analysis methodology across all fuel options, the influence of these subjective biases is minimized, and the LC-GHG inventories for each feedstock-to-fuel option can be effectively compared and discussed. By considering the types and magnitudes of variability across multiple fuel pathways, it is evident that LCA results should be presented as a range instead of a point value. The policy implications of this are discussed.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "Air Pollutants", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Transportation", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Petroleum", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Gasoline", "Carbon Footprint", "Vehicle Emissions"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stratton, Russell William, Wong, Hsin Min, Hileman, James I.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/es102597f"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/es102597f", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/es102597f", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/es102597f"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/es103240z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-31", "title": "Including Carbon Emissions From Deforestation In The Carbon Footprint Of Brazilian Beef", "description": "Effects of land use changes are starting to be included in estimates of life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, so-called carbon footprints (CFs), from food production. Their omission can lead to serious underestimates, particularly for meat. Here we estimate emissions from the conversion of forest to pasture in the Legal Amazon Region (LAR) of Brazil and present a model to distribute the emissions from deforestation over products and time subsequent to the land use change. Expansion of cattle ranching for beef production is a major cause of deforestation in the LAR. The carbon footprint of beef produced on newly deforested land is estimated at more than 700 kg CO(2)-equivalents per kg carcass weight if direct land use emissions are annualized over 20 years. This is orders of magnitude larger than the figure for beef production on established pasture on non-deforested land. While Brazilian beef exports have originated mainly from areas outside the LAR, i.e. from regions not subject to recent deforestation, we argue that increased production for export has been the key driver of the pasture expansion and deforestation in the LAR during the past decade and this should be reflected in the carbon footprint attributed to beef exports. We conclude that carbon footprint standards must include the more extended effects of land use changes to avoid giving misleading information to policy makers, retailers, and consumers.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "Food Industry", "Cattle", "Animal Husbandry", "Brazil", "Carbon Footprint", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/es103240z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/es103240z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/es103240z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/es103240z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/es1024004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-10", "title": "Forest Bioenergy Or Forest Carbon? Assessing Trade-Offs In Greenhouse Gas Mitigation With Wood-Based Fuels", "description": "The potential of forest-based bioenergy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when displacing fossil-based energy must be balanced with forest carbon implications related to biomass harvest. We integrate life cycle assessment (LCA) and forest carbon analysis to assess total GHG emissions of forest bioenergy over time. Application of the method to case studies of wood pellet and ethanol production from forest biomass reveals a substantial reduction in forest carbon due to bioenergy production. For all cases, harvest-related forest carbon reductions and associated GHG emissions initially exceed avoided fossil fuel-related emissions, temporarily increasing overall emissions. In the long term, electricity generation from pellets reduces overall emissions relative to coal, although forest carbon losses delay net GHG mitigation by 16-38 years, depending on biomass source (harvest residues/standing trees). Ethanol produced from standing trees increases overall emissions throughout 100 years of continuous production: ethanol from residues achieves reductions after a 74 year delay. Forest carbon more significantly affects bioenergy emissions when biomass is sourced from standing trees compared to residues and when less GHG-intensive fuels are displaced. In all cases, forest carbon dynamics are significant. Although study results are not generalizable to all forests, we suggest the integrated LCA/forest carbon approach be undertaken for bioenergy studies.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "Ontario", "Air Pollutants", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Ethanol", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Wood", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "12. Responsible consumption", "Models", " Chemical", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/es1024004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/es1024004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/es1024004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/es1024004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/es103410q", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-14", "title": "Identification Of \u2018Carbon Hot-Spots\u2019 And Quantification Of Ghg Intensities In The Biodiesel Supply Chain Using Hybrid Lca And Structural Path Analysis", "description": "It is expected that biodiesel production in the EU will remain the dominant contributor as part of a 10% minimum binding target for biofuel in transportation fuel by 2020 within the 20% renewable energy target in the overall EU energy mix. Life cycle assessments (LCA) of biodiesel to evaluate its environmental impacts have, however, remained questionable, mainly because of the adoption of a traditional process analysis approach resulting in system boundary truncation and because of issues regarding the impacts of land use change and N(2)O emissions from fertilizer application. In this study, a hybrid LCA methodology is used to evaluate the life cycle CO(2) equivalent emissions of rape methyl ester (RME) biodiesel. The methodology uses input-output analysis to estimate upstream indirect emissions in order to complement traditional process LCA in a hybrid framework. It was estimated that traditional LCA accounted for 2.7 kg CO(2)-eq per kg of RME or 36.6% of total life cycle emissions of the RME supply chin. Further to the inclusion of upstream indirect impacts in the LCA system (which accounted for 23% of the total life cycle emissions), emissions due to direct land use change (6%) and indirect land use change (16.5%) and N(2)O emissions from fertilizer applications (17.9%) were also calculated. Structural path analysis is used to decompose upstream indirect emissions paths of the biodiesel supply chain in order to identify, quantify, and rank high carbon emissions paths or 'hot-spots' in the biodiesel supply chain. It was shown, for instance, that inputs from the 'Other Chemical Products' sector (identified as phosphoric acid, H(3)PO(4)) into the biodiesel production process represented the highest carbon emission path (or hot-spot) with 5.35% of total upstream indirect emissions of the RME biodiesel supply chain.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "02 engineering and technology", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Models", " Structural", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "European Union", "Carbon Footprint", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/es103410q"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/es103410q", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/es103410q", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/es103410q"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-024-46103-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-13", "title": "Population exposure to multiple air pollutants and its compound episodes in Europe", "description": "AbstractAir pollution remains as a substantial health problem, particularly regarding the combined health risks arising from simultaneous exposure to multiple air pollutants. However, understanding these combined exposure events over long periods has been hindered by sparse and temporally inconsistent monitoring data. Here we analyze daily ambient PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 concentrations at a 0.1-degree resolution during 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932019 across 1426 contiguous regions in 35 European countries, representing 543 million people. We find that PM10 levels decline by 2.72% annually, followed by NO2 (2.45%) and PM2.5 (1.72%). In contrast, O3 increase by 0.58% in southern Europe, leading to a surge in unclean air days. Despite air quality advances, 86.3% of Europeans experience at least one compound event day per year, especially for PM2.5-NO2 and PM2.5-O3. We highlight the improvements in air quality control but emphasize the need for targeted measures addressing specific pollutants and their compound events, particularly amidst rising temperatures.Straw return has been widely recommended as an environmentally friendly practice to manage carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural ecosystems. However, the overall trend and magnitude of changes in soil C in response to straw return remain uncertain. In this meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis, we calculated the response ratios of soil organic C (SOC) concentrations, greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission, nutrient contents and other important soil properties to straw addition in 176 published field studies. Our results indicated that straw return significantly increased SOC concentration by 12.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.4% on average, with a 27.4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa01.4% to 56.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa01.8% increase in soil active C fraction. CO2 emission increased in both upland (27.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.0%) and paddy systems (51.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.0%), while CH4 emission increased by 110.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa01.2% only in rice paddies. N2O emission has declined by 15.2\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa01.1% in paddy soils but increased by 8.3\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.5% in upland soils. Responses of macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregates and crop yield to straw return showed positively linear with increasing SOC concentration. Straw\uffe2\uff80\uff90C input rate and clay content significantly affected the response of SOC. A significant positive relationship was found between annual SOC sequestered and duration, suggesting that soil C saturation would occur after 12\uffc2\uffa0years under straw return. Overall, straw return was an effective means to improve SOC accumulation, soil quality, and crop yield. Straw return\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced improvement of soil nutrient availability may favor crop growth, which can in turn increase ecosystem C input. Meanwhile, the analysis on net global warming potential (GWP) balance suggested that straw return increased C sink in upland soils but increased C source in paddy soils due to enhanced CH4 emission. Our meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis suggested that future agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90ecosystem models and cropland management should differentiate the effects of straw return on ecosystem C budget in upland and paddy soils.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Carbon Sequestration", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12517"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12517", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12517", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12517"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12810", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-18", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Ozone Concentration On Ch4 And N2o Emission From Paddy Soil Under Fully Open-Air Field Conditions", "description": "AbstractWe investigated the effects of elevated ozone concentration (E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3) on CH4 and N2O emission from paddies with two rice cultivars: an inbred Indica cultivar Yangdao 6 (YD6) and a hybrid one II\uffe2\uff80\uff90you 084 (IIY084), under fully open\uffe2\uff80\uff90air field conditions in China. A mean 26.7% enhancement of ozone concentration above the ambient level (A\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3) significantly reduced CH4 emission at tillering and flowering stages leading to a reduction of seasonal integral CH4 emission by 29.6% on average across the two cultivars. The reduced CH4 emission is associated with O3\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in the whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant biomass (\uffe2\uff88\uff9213.2%), root biomass (\uffe2\uff88\uff9234.7%), and maximum tiller number (\uffe2\uff88\uff9210.3%), all of which curbed the carbon supply for belowground CH4 production and its release from submerged soil to atmosphere. Although no significant difference was detected between the cultivars in the CH4 emission response to E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3, a larger decrease in CH4 emission with IIY084 (\uffe2\uff88\uff9233.2%) than that with YD6 (\uffe2\uff88\uff927.0%) was observed at tillering stage, which may be due to the larger reduction in tiller number in IIY084 by E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3. Additionally, E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3 reduced seasonal mean NOx flux by 5.7% and 11.8% with IIY084 and YD6, respectively, but the effects were not significant statistically. We found that the relative response of CH4 emission to E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3 was not significantly different from those reported in open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chamber experiments. This study has thus confirmed that increasing ozone concentration would mitigate the global warming potential of CH4 and suggested consideration of the feedback mechanism between ozone and its precursor emission into the projection of future ozone effects on terrestrial ecosystem.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Ozone", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gang Liu, Haoye Tang, Haoye Tang, Kazuhiko Kobayashi, Jianguo Zhu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12810"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12810", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12810", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12810"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13827", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-20", "title": "What plant functional traits can reduce nitrous oxide emissions from intensively managed grasslands?", "description": "AbstractPlant species exert a dominant control over the nitrogen (N) cycle of natural and managed grasslands. Although in intensively managed systems that receive large external N inputs the emission of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is a crucial component of this cycle, a mechanistic relationship between plant species and N2O emissions has not yet been established. Here we use a plant functional trait approach to study the relation between plant species strategies and N2O emissions from soils. Compared to species with conservative strategies, species with acquisitive strategies have higher N uptake when there is ample N in the soil, but also trigger N mineralization when soil N is limiting. Therefore, we hypothesized that (1) compared to conservative species, species with acquisitive traits reduce N2O emissions after a high N addition; and (2) species with conservative traits have lower N2O emissions than acquisitive plants if there is no high N addition. This was tested in a greenhouse experiment using monocultures of six grass species with differing above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground traits, growing across a gradient of soil N availability. We found that acquisitive species reduced N2O emissions at all levels of N availability, produced higher biomass and showed larger N uptake. As such, acquisitive species had 87% lower N2O emissions per unit of N uptake than conservative species (p\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa0.05). Structural equation\uffc2\uffa0modelling revealed that specific leaf area and root length density were key traits regulating the effects of plants on N2O emission and biomass productivity. These results provide the first framework to understand the mechanisms through which plants modulate N2O emissions, pointing the way to develop productive grasslands that contribute optimally to climate change mitigation.
", "keywords": ["Plant traits", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrous oxide", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Grassland", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Plant-microbe interactions", "Functional traits"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13827"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13827"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13827", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13827", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13827"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-20", "title": "A review of nitrogen enrichment effects on three biogenic GHGs: the CO2 sink may be largely offset by stimulated N2O and CH4 emission", "description": "AbstractAnthropogenic nitrogen (N) enrichment of ecosystems, mainly from fuel combustion and fertilizer application, alters biogeochemical cycling of ecosystems in a way that leads to altered flux of biogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Our meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 313 observations across 109 studies evaluated the effect of N addition on the flux of three major GHGs: CO2, CH4 and N2O. The objective was to quantitatively synthesize data from agricultural and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90agricultural terrestrial ecosystems across the globe and examine whether factors, such as ecosystem type, N addition level and chemical form of N addition influence the direction and magnitude of GHG fluxes. Results indicate that N addition increased ecosystem carbon content of forests by 6%, marginally increased soil organic carbon of agricultural systems by 2%, but had no significant effect on net ecosystem CO2 exchange for non\uffe2\uff80\uff90forest natural ecosystems. Across all ecosystems, N addition increased CH4 emission by 97%, reduced CH4 uptake by 38% and increased N2O emission by 216%. The net effect of N on the global GHG budget is calculated and this topic is reviewed. Most often N addition is considered to increase forest C sequestration without consideration of N stimulation of GHG production in other ecosystems. However, our study indicated that although N addition increased the global terrestrial C sink, the CO2 reduction could be largely offset (53\uffe2\uff80\uff9376%) by N stimulation of global CH4 and N2O emission from multiple ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-10", "title": "Nitrogen Oxide And Methane Emissions Under Varying Tillage And Fertilizer Management", "description": "ABSTRACTComprehensive assessment of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of reduced tillage agricultural systems must consider emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), each of which have higher global warming potentials than carbon dioxide (CO2). Tillage intensity may also impact nitric oxide (NO) emissions, which can have various environmental and agronomic impacts. In 2003 and 2004, we used chambers to measure N2O, CH4, and NO fluxes from plots that had been managed under differing tillage intensity since 1991. The effect of tillage on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions varied, in both magnitude and direction, depending on fertilizer practices. Emissions of N2O following broadcast urea (BU) application were higher under no till (NT) and conservation tillage (CsT) compared to conventional tillage (CT). In contrast, following anhydrous ammonia (AA) injection, N2O emissions were higher under CT and CsT compared to NT. Emissions following surface urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application did not vary with tillage. Total growing season non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions were equivalent to CO2 emissions of 0.15 to 1.9 Mg CO2 ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 or 0.04 to 0.53 Mg soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Emissions of N2O from AA\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots were two to four times greater than UAN\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and BU\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots. Total NO + N2O losses in the UAN treatment were approximately 50% lower than AA and BU. This study demonstrates that N2O emissions can represent a substantial component of the total GHG budget of reduced tillage systems, and that interactions between fertilizer and tillage practices can be important in controlling non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Analysis of Variance", "Chromatography", " Gas", "Time Factors", "Minnesota", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.1978", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Methane Emissions Of Rice Increased By Elevated Carbon Dioxide And Temperature", "description": "ABSTRACTMethane (CH4) effluxes by paddy\uffe2\uff80\uff90culture rice (Oryza sativa L.) contribute about 16% of the total anthropogenic emissions. Since radiative forcing of CH4 at current atmospheric concentrations is 21 times greater on a per mole basis than that of carbon dioxide (CO2), it is imperative that the impact of global change on rice CH4 emissions be evaluated. Rice (cv. IR72) was planted in sunlit, closed\uffe2\uff80\uff90circulation, controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90environment chambers in which CH4 efflux densities were measured daily. The CO2 concentration was maintained at either 330 or 660 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Air temperatures were controlled to daily maxima and minima of 32/23, 35/26, and 38/29\uffc2\uffb0C at each CO2 treatment. Emissions of CH4 each day were determined during a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90h period after venting and resealing the chambers at 0800 h. Diurnal CH4 effluxes on 77, 98, and 119 d after planting (DAP) were obtained similarly at 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90h intervals. Emissions over four\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant hills and over flooded bare soil were measured at 53, 63, and 100 DAP. Emissions were negligible before 40 DAP. Thereafter, emissions were observed first in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatments and reached a sustained maximum efflux density of about 7 mg m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (0.17 g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) near the end of the growing season. Total seasonal CH4 emission was fourfold greater for high\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatments than for the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2, low\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatment, probably due to more root sloughing or exudates, since about sixfold more acetate was found in the soil at 71 DAP. Both rising CO2 and increasing temperatures could lead to a positive feedback on global warming by increasing the emissions of CH4 from rice.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Hot Temperature", "Atmosphere", "Air", "Temperature", "Oryza", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Environment", " Controlled", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Humans", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Leon Hartwell Allen, Wilfredo Col\u00f3n-Guasp, Stephen A. Covell, Kenneth J. Boote, Deyun Pan, Stephan L. Albrecht, Jeffrey T. Baker,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.1978"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.1978", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.1978", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.1978"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Air+Pollutants&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Air+Pollutants&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Air+Pollutants&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Air+Pollutants&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 73, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-26T08:11:11.890907Z"}