{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-10", "title": "Simultaneous determination of multiclass antibiotics and their metabolites in four types of field-grown vegetables", "description": "The developed method was evaluated for the determination of 10 antibiotics belonging to four chemical classes (fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, lincosamides, and metoxybenzylpyrimidines) and six of their metabolites in four vegetable matrices (lettuce, tomato, cauliflower, and broad beans). The reported method detection limits were sufficiently low (0.1-5.8\u00a0ng/g dry weight) to detect target compounds in vegetables under real agricultural practices. Absolute and relative recovery values ranged from 40 to 118% and from 70 to 118%, respectively, for all targeted compounds at the spike level of 100\u00a0ng/g dry weight. Regarding method precision, the highest relative standard deviation (RSD) was obtained for enrofloxacin in lettuce (20%), while for the rest of the compounds in all matrices, the RSD values were below 20% for the same spike level. Matrix effects, due to electrospray ionization, ranged from -\u200926 to 29% for 85% of all estimated values. In a field study, four of the 10 targeted antibiotics were detected in tested vegetables. For the first time, antibiotic metabolites were quantified in vegetables grown under real field conditions. More specifically, decarboxyl ofloxacin and TMP304 were detected in tomato fruits (1.5\u00a0ng/g dry weight) and lettuce leaves (21.0-23.1\u00a0ng/g dry weight), respectively. It is important to remark that the concentration of TMP304 was five times higher than that from the parental compound, emphasizing the importance of metabolite analysis in monitoring studies. Therefore, the method provided a robust, reliable, and simple-to-use tool that could prove useful for routine multiclass analysis of antibiotics and their metabolites in vegetable samples. Graphical abstract.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Spectrometry", " Mass", " Electrospray Ionization", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Solid Phase Extraction", "Reproducibility of Results", "LC-ESI-MS/MS", "01 natural sciences", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "0104 chemical sciences", "3. Good health", "Antibiotics", "Limit of Detection", "Ultrasound-assisted extraction", "Vegetables", "Metabolites", "Chromatography", " Liquid", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tadi\u0107, \u0110or\u0111e, Matamoros, V\u00edctor, Bayona, Josep M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytical%20and%20Bioanalytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-09", "title": "Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce", "description": "Abstract<p>Antibiotics are some of the most widely used drugs. Their release in the environment is of great concern since their consumption is a major factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the most important threats to human health. Their occurrence and fate in agricultural systems have been extensively investigated in recent years. Yet whilst their biotic and abiotic degradation pathways have been thoroughly researched, their biotransformation pathways in plants are less understood, such as in case of trimethoprim. Although trimethoprim has been reported in the environment, its fate in higher plants still remains unknown. A bench-scale experiment was performed and 30 trimethoprim metabolites were identified in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), of which 5 belong to phase I and 25 to phase II. Data mining yielded a list of 1018 ions as possible metabolite candidates, which was filtered to a final list of 87 candidates. Molecular structures were assigned for 19 compounds, including 14 TMP metabolites reported for the first time. Alongside well-known biotransformation pathways in plants, additional novel pathways were suggested, namely, conjugation with sesquiterpene lactones, and abscisic acid as a part of phase II of plant metabolism. The results obtained offer insight into the variety of phase II conjugates and may serve as a guideline for studying the metabolization of other chemicals that share a similar molecular structure or functional groups with trimethoprim. Finally, the toxicity and potential contribution of the identified metabolites to the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities via residual antimicrobial activity were evaluated.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "High-resolution mass spectrometry", "Phytochemicals", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Trimethoprim", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "3. Good health", "Conjugates", "Antibiotics", "Non-target screening", "Humans", "Plant metabolites", "Biotransformation", "Research Paper", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tadi\u0107, \u0110or\u0111e, Gramblicka, Michal, Mistrik, Robert, Bayona, Josep Maria,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytical%20and%20Bioanalytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-20", "title": "Exploration of cephalexin adsorption mechanisms onto bauxite and palygorskite and regeneration of spent adsorbents with cold plasma\u00a0bubbling", "description": "Abstract<p>The aim of the present study was the direct comparison of two popular minerals, bauxite and palygorskite, as adsorbents for the removal of cephalexin (CPX) from aqueous solutions and the regeneration of the spent adsorbents through cold atmospheric plasma. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of contact time, initial CPX concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. The adsorbents were characterized by ATR-FTIR, N2 sorption, SEM and XRD, while several isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models were evaluated attempting to shed light on the adsorption mechanisms. CPX adsorption on both adsorbents was better described by Langmuir model, with an adsorption capacity of 112.36\uffc2\uffa0mg/g for palygorskite and 11.79\uffc2\uffa0mg/g for bauxite. Thermodynamics revealed the endothermic and the spontaneous character of the process, indicating chemisorption as the main adsorption mechanism for both adsorbents. The pseudo-second-order and the Elovich models fitted satisfactorily the adsorption onto bauxite, while adsorption onto palygorskite was well presented by Weber\uffe2\uff80\uff93Morris model, indicating that pore diffusion is also involved in the process. The adsorption capacity of both minerals decreased significantly after being used for several adsorption cycles and then almost completely recovered (regeneration efficiency was 99.6% and 98% for palygorskite and bauxite, respectively) inside a novel cold plasma microbubble reactor energized by high-voltage nanopulses, revealing the potential of these adsorbents to be reused. In addition to the regeneration of the adsorbents, the cold plasma completely eliminated the CPX transferred from the solid to the aqueous phase during the regeneration process.</p", "keywords": ["Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes", "Antibiotics", "Adsorbent regeneration", "Cold atmospheric plasma", "Wastewater treatment", "Adsorption", "02 engineering and technology", "Plasma bubbles", "0204 chemical engineering", "TD201-500", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Water%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.094", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-13", "title": "Influence of tetracycline on the microbial community composition and activity of nitrifying biofilms", "description": "The present work aims to evaluate the bacterial composition and activity (carbon and nitrogen removal) of nitrifying biofilms exposed to 50 \u03bcg L(-1) of tetracycline. The tetracycline removal efficiency and the occurrence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes were also studied. Two sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) fed with synthetic wastewater were operated without (SBBR1) and with (SBBR2) the antibiotic. Both SBBRs showed similar organic matter biodegradation and nitrification activity. Tetracycline removal was about 28% and biodegradation was probably the principal removal mechanism of the antibiotic. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the bacterial community showed shifts leading to not only the fading of some ribotypes, but also the emergence of new ones in the biofilm with tetracycline. The study of the tet genes showed that tet(S) was only detected in the biofilm with tetracycline, suggesting a relationship between its occurrence and the presence of the antibiotic.", "keywords": ["Science & Technology", "Polymers", "Microbiota", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Tetracycline Resistance", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Resistance genes", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "02 engineering and technology", "Tetracycline", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Tetracycline removal", "Nitrifying biofilms", "Bacterial Proteins", "Antibiotics", "Biofilms", "11. Sustainability", "Bacterial community", "Adsorption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.094"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.094", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.094", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.094"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-21", "title": "Elucidating biotransformation pathways of ofloxacin in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L)", "description": "Antibiotics can be uptaken by plants from soil desorption or directly from irrigation water, but their metabolization pathways in plants are largely unknown. In this paper, an analytical workflow based on high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied for the systematic identification of biotransformation products of ofloxacin in lettuce. The targeted metabolites were selected by comparing the mass chromatograms of exposed with control samples using an advanced spectra-processing method (Fragment Ion Search). The innovative methodology presented allowed us to identify a total of 11 metabolites, including 5 ofloxacin metabolites that are being reported for the first time in plants. Accordingly, major transformation pathways were proposed revealing insight into how ofloxacin and related chemicals are metabolized in lettuce. Furthermore, the influence of biotransformation on potential residual antimicrobial activity of identified compounds was discussed. Human exposure to antibiotics at doses below the minimum inhibitory concentrations is crucial in human risk assessment, including food ingestion; however, in the case of ofloxacin presented results reveal that plant metabolites should also be considered so as not to underestimate their risk.", "keywords": ["High-resolution mass spectrometry", "Ofloxacin", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Biotransformation pathways", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Antibiotics", "Humans", "Plant metabolites", "Biotransformation", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117927", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-07", "title": "Groundwater antibiotic pollution and its relationship with dissolved organic matter: Identification and environmental implications", "description": "The occurrence of veterinary antibiotics and hydro-chemical parameters in eleven natural springs in a livestock production area is evaluated, jointly with the characterization of their DOM fingerprint by Orbitrap HRMS. Tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics were ubiquitous in all sites, and they were detected at low ng L-1 concentrations, except for doxycycline, that was present at \u03bcg L-1 in one location. DOM analysis revealed that most molecular formulas were CHO compounds (49 %-68\u00a0%), with a remarkable percentage containing nitrogen and sulphur (16 %-23\u00a0% and 11 %-24\u00a0%, respectively). Major DOM components were phenolic and highly unsaturated compounds (~90\u00a0%), typical for soil-derived organic matter, while approximately 11\u00a0% were unsaturated aliphatic, suggesting that springs may be susceptible to anthropogenic contamination sources. Comparing the DOM fingerprint among sites, the spring showing the most different profile was the one with surface water interaction and characterized by having lower CHO and higher CHOS formulas and aliphatic compounds. Correlations between antibiotics and DOM showed that tetracyclines positively correlate with unsaturated oxygen-rich substances, while sulfonamides relate with aliphatic and unsaturated oxygen-poor compounds. This indicates that the fate of different antibiotics will be controlled by the type of DOM present in groundwater.", "keywords": ["High-resolution mass spectrometry", "550", "Contaminants emergents en l'aigua", "Antibi\u00f2tics", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Soil", "Antibiotics", "Co-transport", "Groundwater -- Pollution", "Dissolved organic matter", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Emerging contaminants in water", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Water quality", "13. Climate action", "Aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies -- Contaminaci\u00f3", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "0210 nano-technology", "environment", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117927"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117927", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117927", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117927"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-07", "title": "Occurrence and human health risk assessment of antibiotics and their metabolites in vegetables grown in field-scale agricultural systems", "description": "The occurrence of antibiotics (ABs) in four types of commercially grown vegetables (lettuce leaves, tomato fruits, cauliflower inflorescences, and broad bean seeds) was analyzed to assess the human exposure and health risks associated with different agronomical practices. Out of 16 targeted AB residues, seven ABs belonging to three groups (i.e., benzyl pyrimidines, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides) were above the method detection limit in vegetable samples ranging from 0.09 ng g-1 to 3.61 ng g-1 fresh weight. Data analysis (quantile regression models, principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis) showed manure application, irrigation with river water (indirect wastewater reuse), and vegetable type to be the most significant factors for AB occurrence in the targeted crops. Metabolites were detected in 70 of the 80 vegetable samples analyzed, and their occurrence was both plant- and compound-specific. In 73 % of the total samples, the concentration of AB metabolites was higher than the concentration of their parent compound. Finally, the potential human health risk estimated using the hazard quotient approach, based on the acceptable daily intake and the estimated daily intake, showed a negligible risk for human health from vegetable consumption. However, canonical-correspondence analysis showed that detected ABs explained 54 % of the total variation in AB resistance genes abundance in the vegetable samples. Thus, further studies are needed to assess the risks of antibiotic resistance promotion in vegetables and the significance of the occurrence of their metabolites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Irrigation water", "Wastewater", "Commercial crops", "Risk Assessment", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "3. Good health", "Antibiotics", "Vegetables", "Metabolites", "Humans", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-12", "title": "NORMAN digital sample freezing platform: A European virtual platform to exchange liquid chromatography high resolution-mass spectrometry data and screen suspects in \u201cdigitally frozen\u201d environmental samples", "description": "Abstract   A platform for archiving liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) data was developed for the retrospective suspect screening of thousands of environmental pollutants with the ambition of becoming a European and possibly global standard. It was termed Digital Sample Freezing Platform (DSFP) and incorporates all the recent developments in the HRMS screening methods within the NORMAN Network. In the workflow, raw mass spectral data are converted into mzML, then mass spectral and chromatographic information on thousands of peaks of each sample is extracted into Data Collection Templates. The \u2018digitally frozen\u2019 samples can be retrospectively screened for the presence of virtually any compound amenable to LC\u2013MS using a combination of information on its (i) exact mass, (ii) predicted retention time window in the chromatogram, (iii) isotopic fit and (iv) qualifier fragment ions. Its potential was demonstrated on monitoring of 670 antibiotics and 777 REACH chemicals from the Joint Black Sea Surveys (JBSS).", "keywords": ["Digital sample freezing platform High resolution mass spectrometry Digital archiving Suspect screening Antibiotics REACH Black sea"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/TrAC%20Trends%20in%20Analytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-09", "title": "Continuous ozonation of urban wastewater: Removal of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and antibiotic resistance genes and phytotoxicity", "description": "This work evaluated the removal of a mixture of eight antibiotics (i.e. ampicillin (AMP), azithromycin (AZM), erythromycin (ERY), clarithromycin (CLA), ofloxacin (OFL), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP) and tetracycline (TC)) from urban wastewater, by ozonation operated in continuous mode at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (i.e. 10, 20, 40 and 60\u202fmin) and specific ozone doses (i.e. 0.125, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 gO3 gDOC- 1). As expected, the efficiency of ozonation was highly ozone dose- and contact time-dependent. The removal of the parent compounds of the selected antibiotics to levels below their detection limits was achieved with HRT of 40\u202fmin and specific ozone dose of 0.125 gO3 gDOC- 1. The effect of ozonation was also investigated at a microbiological and genomic level, by studying the efficiency of the process with respect to the inactivation of Escherichia coli and antibiotic-resistant E.\u00a0coli, as well as to the reduction of the abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The inactivation of total cultivable E.\u00a0coli was achieved under the experimental conditions of HRT 40\u202fmin and 0.25 gO3 gDOC-1, at which all antibiotic compounds were already degraded. The regrowth examinations revealed that higher ozone concentrations were required for the permanent inactivation of E.\u00a0coli below the Limit of Quantification (<LOQ\u202f=\u202f0.01\u202fCFU mL- 1). Also, the abundance of the examined ARGs (intl1, aadA1, dfrA1, qacE\u03941 and sul1) was found to decrease with increasing HRT and ozone dose. Despite the fact that the mildest operating parameters were able to eliminate the parent compounds of the tested antibiotics in wastewater effluents, it was clearly demonstrated in this study that higher ozone doses were required in order to confer permanent damage and/or death and prevent potential post-treatment re-growth of both total bacteria and ARB, and to reduce the abundance of ARGs below the LOQ. Interestingly, the mineralization of wastewater, in terms of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) removal, was found to be significantly low even when the higher ozone doses were applied, leading to an increased phytotoxicity towards various plant species. The findings of this study clearly underline the importance of properly optimising the ozonation process (e.g. specific ozone dose and contact time) taking into consideration both the bacterial species and associated ARGs, as well as the wastewater physicochemical properties (e.g. DOC), in order to mitigate the spread of ARB&ARGs, as well as to reduce the potential phytotoxicity.", "keywords": ["Antibiotic resistance", "AntibioticsAntibiotic resistancePhytotoxicityOzonationContinuous mode", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "02 engineering and technology", "Wastewater", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Continuous mode", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Water Purification", "3. Good health", "Ozone", "Antibiotics", "Ozonation", "Phytotoxicity", "11. Sustainability", "Escherichia coli", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1462-2920.70063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-12", "title": "Distinct Patterns of Antibiotic Sensitivities in Ammonia\u2010Oxidising Archaea", "description": "ABSTRACT<p>Ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidising archaea (AOA) are important microorganisms contributing towards the nitrogen flux in the environment. Unlike archaea from other major phyla, genetic tools are yet to be developed for the AOA, and identification of antibiotic resistance markers for selecting mutants is required for a genetic system. The aim of this study was to test the effects of selected antibiotics (hygromycin B, neomycin, apramycin, puromycin, novobiocin) on pure cultures of three well studied AOA strains, \uffe2\uff80\uff98Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandianus C13\uffe2\uff80\uff99, Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76 and Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1. Puromycin, hygromycin B and neomycin inhibited some but not all tested archaeal strains. All strains were resistant to apramycin and inhibited by novobiocin to various degrees. As N. viennensis EN76 was relatively more resistant to the tested antibiotics, a wider range of concentrations and compounds (chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, statins) was tested against this strain. N. viennensis EN76 was inhibited by trimethoprim, but not by chloramphenicol, and growth recovered within days in the presence of simvastatin, suggesting either degradation of, or spontaneous resistance against, this compound. This study highlights the physiological differences between different genera of AOA and has identified new candidate antibiotics for selective enrichment and the development of selectable markers for genetic systems in AOA.</p", "keywords": ["Archaea/genetics", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Ammonia/metabolism", "Microbial Sensitivity Tests", "Archaea", "inhibition", "antibiotics", "Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Ammonia", "ammonia-oxidising archaea", "106022 Microbiology", "selective enrichment", "Oxidation-Reduction", "genetic system", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Timothy Klein, Logan H. Hodgskiss, Max Dreer, J. Colin Murrell, Matthew I. Hutchings, Christa Schleper, Laura E. Lehtovirta\u2010Morley,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/98861/1/Klein_etal_2025_EnvironmentalMicrobiology.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.70063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1462-2920.70063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1462-2920.70063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1462-2920.70063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.12821641", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:24:07Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "UJA_OPEN_Antibiotics Data SOIL O-LIVE PROJECT 2024 RP1", "description": "Database with Antibiotics Data within the frame of the WP2 Diagnosis phase in SOIL O-LIVE PROJECT", "keywords": ["soil o-live", "antibiotics"], "contacts": [{"organization": "University of Ja\u00e9n", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12821641"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.12821641", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.12821641", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.12821641"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13344213", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:24:08Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Deliverable D2.9_Presence of antibiotics and related veterinary products in olive groves (SOIL O-LIVE_HORIZON EUROPE ID 101091255)", "description": "D2.9. Report on the presence of antibiotics and related veterinary products in selected olive groves. (T2.5, T2.6)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "D2.9", "veterinary products", "soil o-live", "olive grove", "antibiotics"], "contacts": [{"organization": "University of Ja\u00e9n", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13344213"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13344213", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13344213", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13344213"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13344078", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:24:08Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Deliverable D2.8_Soil analysis protocols for antibiotics (SOIL O-LIVE_HORIZON EUROPE ID 101091255)", "description": "D2.8. Soil sampling and soil analysis protocols and quality guidelines for antibiotic and vet pollution. (T2.5)", "keywords": ["D2.8", "13. Climate action", "protocol", "soil o-live", "6. Clean water", "antibiotics"], "contacts": [{"organization": "University of Ja\u00e9n", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13344078"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13344078", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13344078", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13344078"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/377128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:26:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-07", "title": "Groundwater antibiotic pollution and its relationship with dissolved organic matter: Identification and environmental implications", "description": "The occurrence of veterinary antibiotics and hydro-chemical parameters in eleven natural springs in a livestock production area is evaluated, jointly with the characterization of their DOM fingerprint by Orbitrap HRMS. Tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics were ubiquitous in all sites, and they were detected at low ng L-1 concentrations, except for doxycycline, that was present at \u03bcg L-1 in one location. DOM analysis revealed that most molecular formulas were CHO compounds (49 %-68\u00a0%), with a remarkable percentage containing nitrogen and sulphur (16 %-23\u00a0% and 11 %-24\u00a0%, respectively). Major DOM components were phenolic and highly unsaturated compounds (~90\u00a0%), typical for soil-derived organic matter, while approximately 11\u00a0% were unsaturated aliphatic, suggesting that springs may be susceptible to anthropogenic contamination sources. Comparing the DOM fingerprint among sites, the spring showing the most different profile was the one with surface water interaction and characterized by having lower CHO and higher CHOS formulas and aliphatic compounds. Correlations between antibiotics and DOM showed that tetracyclines positively correlate with unsaturated oxygen-rich substances, while sulfonamides relate with aliphatic and unsaturated oxygen-poor compounds. This indicates that the fate of different antibiotics will be controlled by the type of DOM present in groundwater.", "keywords": ["High-resolution mass spectrometry", "550", "Contaminants emergents en l'aigua", "Antibi\u00f2tics", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Soil", "Antibiotics", "Co-transport", "Groundwater -- Pollution", "Dissolved organic matter", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Emerging contaminants in water", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Water quality", "13. Climate action", "Aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies -- Contaminaci\u00f3", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "0210 nano-technology", "environment", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/377128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/377128", "name": "item", "description": "10261/377128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/377128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10256/20664", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:26:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-07", "title": "Groundwater antibiotic pollution and its relationship with dissolved organic matter: Identification and environmental implications", "description": "The occurrence of veterinary antibiotics and hydro-chemical parameters in eleven natural springs in a livestock production area is evaluated, jointly with the characterization of their DOM fingerprint by Orbitrap HRMS. Tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics were ubiquitous in all sites, and they were detected at low ng L-1 concentrations, except for doxycycline, that was present at \u03bcg L-1 in one location. DOM analysis revealed that most molecular formulas were CHO compounds (49 %-68\u00a0%), with a remarkable percentage containing nitrogen and sulphur (16 %-23\u00a0% and 11 %-24\u00a0%, respectively). Major DOM components were phenolic and highly unsaturated compounds (~90\u00a0%), typical for soil-derived organic matter, while approximately 11\u00a0% were unsaturated aliphatic, suggesting that springs may be susceptible to anthropogenic contamination sources. Comparing the DOM fingerprint among sites, the spring showing the most different profile was the one with surface water interaction and characterized by having lower CHO and higher CHOS formulas and aliphatic compounds. Correlations between antibiotics and DOM showed that tetracyclines positively correlate with unsaturated oxygen-rich substances, while sulfonamides relate with aliphatic and unsaturated oxygen-poor compounds. This indicates that the fate of different antibiotics will be controlled by the type of DOM present in groundwater.", "keywords": ["High-resolution mass spectrometry", "550", "Contaminants emergents en l'aigua", "Antibi\u00f2tics", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Soil", "Antibiotics", "Groundwater -- Pollution", "Co-transport", "Dissolved organic matter", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Emerging contaminants in water", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Water quality", "13. Climate action", "Aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies -- Contaminaci\u00f3", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "0210 nano-technology", "environment", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10256/20664"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10256/20664", "name": "item", "description": "10256/20664", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10256/20664"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11897584", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:31:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-12", "title": "Distinct Patterns of Antibiotic Sensitivities in Ammonia\u2010Oxidising Archaea", "description": "ABSTRACT                   <p>                     Ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidising archaea (AOA) are important microorganisms contributing towards the nitrogen flux in the environment. Unlike archaea from other major phyla, genetic tools are yet to be developed for the AOA, and identification of antibiotic resistance markers for selecting mutants is required for a genetic system. The aim of this study was to test the effects of selected antibiotics (hygromycin B, neomycin, apramycin, puromycin, novobiocin) on pure cultures of three well studied AOA strains, \uffe2\uff80\uff98                     Candidatus                     Nitrosocosmicus franklandianus C13\uffe2\uff80\uff99,                     Nitrososphaera viennensis                     EN76 and                     Nitrosopumilus maritimus                     SCM1. Puromycin, hygromycin B and neomycin inhibited some but not all tested archaeal strains. All strains were resistant to apramycin and inhibited by novobiocin to various degrees. As                     N. viennensis                     EN76 was relatively more resistant to the tested antibiotics, a wider range of concentrations and compounds (chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, statins) was tested against this strain.                     N. viennensis                     EN76 was inhibited by trimethoprim, but not by chloramphenicol, and growth recovered within days in the presence of simvastatin, suggesting either degradation of, or spontaneous resistance against, this compound. This study highlights the physiological differences between different genera of AOA and has identified new candidate antibiotics for selective enrichment and the development of selectable markers for genetic systems in AOA.                   </p", "keywords": ["Archaea/genetics", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Ammonia/metabolism", "Microbial Sensitivity Tests", "Archaea", "inhibition", "antibiotics", "Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Ammonia", "ammonia-oxidising archaea", "106022 Microbiology", "selective enrichment", "Oxidation-Reduction", "genetic system", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Timothy Klein, Logan H. Hodgskiss, Max Dreer, J. Colin Murrell, Matthew I. Hutchings, Christa Schleper, Laura E. Lehtovirta\u2010Morley,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/98861/1/Klein_etal_2025_EnvironmentalMicrobiology.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11897584"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11897584", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11897584", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11897584"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC5442168", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:31:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-24", "title": "Time-Resolved Tracking of Mutations Reveals Diverse Allele Dynamics during Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Adaptive Evolution to Single Drugs and Drug Pairs", "description": "Understanding the evolutionary processes that lead to antibiotic resistance can help to achieve better treatment strategies. Yet, little is known about the dynamics of the resistance alleles during adaptation. Here, we use population sequencing to monitor genetic changes in putative resistance loci at several time-points during adaptive evolution experiments involving five different antibiotic conditions. We monitor the mutational spectra in lineages evolved to be resistant to single antibiotics [amikacin (AMK), chloramphenicol (CHL), and ciprofloxacin (CIP)], as well as antibiotic combinations (AMK + CHL and CHL + CIP). We find that lineages evolved to antibiotic combinations exhibit different resistance allele dynamics compared with those of single-drug evolved lineages, especially for a drug pair with reciprocal collateral sensitivity. During adaptation, we observed interfering, superimposing and fixation allele dynamics. To further understand the selective forces driving specific allele dynamics, a subset of mutations were introduced into the ancestral wild type enabling differentiation between clonal interference and negative epistasis.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "allelic dynamics", "Antibiotics", "Population frequency sequencing", "Allelic dynamics", "Microbiology", "antibiotics", "population frequency sequencing", "QR1-502", "3. 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