{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/nph.15014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-09", "title": "Native soils with their microbiotas elicit a state of alert in tomato plants", "description": "Summary

Several studies have investigated soil microbial biodiversity, but understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to soil microbiota remains in its infancy. Here, we focused on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), testing the hypothesis that plants grown on native soils display different responses to soil microbiotas.

Using transcriptomics, proteomics, and biochemistry, we describe the responses of two tomato genotypes (susceptible or resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) grown on an artificial growth substrate and two native soils (conducive and suppressive to Fusarium).

Native soils affected tomato responses by modulating pathways involved in responses to oxidative stress, phenol biosynthesis, lignin deposition, and innate immunity, particularly in the suppressive soil. In tomato plants grown on steam\uffe2\uff80\uff90disinfected soils, total phenols and lignin decreased significantly. The inoculation of a mycorrhizal fungus partly rescued this response locally and systemically. Plants inoculated with the fungal pathogen showed reduced disease symptoms in the resistant genotype in both soils, but the susceptible genotype was partially protected from the pathogen only when grown on the suppressive soil.

The \uffe2\uff80\uff98state of alert\uffe2\uff80\uff99 detected in tomatoes reveals novel mechanisms operating in plants in native soils and the soil microbiota appears to be one of the drivers of these plant responses.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Proteome", "Propanols", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "tomato", "Lignin", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "defence responses", "Tomato", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "Stress", " Physiological", "microbiota", "Plant Immunity", "Soil Microbiology", "suppressive and conducive soils", "susceptible and resistant genotypes", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Defence responses", "Microbiota", "15. Life on land", "Lignin biosynthesis", "Gene Ontology", "Susceptible and resistant genotypes", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Defence responses; Lignin biosynthesis; Microbiota; Suppressive and conducive soils; Susceptible and resistant genotypes; Tomato; Physiology; Plant Science", "Suppressive and conducive soils", "Transcriptome", "lignin biosynthesis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1660820/1/Chialva%20et%20al%20Iris.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ppp3.10222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-24", "title": "The emerging threat of human\u2010use antifungals in sustainable and circular agriculture schemes", "description": "Societal Impact Statement

Rapidly growing global populations mandate greater crop productivity despite increasingly scarce natural resources, including freshwater. The adoption of sustainable agricultural practices seek to address such issues, but an unintended consequence is the exposure of agricultural soils and associated biota to emerging contaminants including azole pharmaceutical antifungals. We show that environmentally relevant exposure to three commonly prescribed azole antifungals can reduce mycorrhizal 33P transfer from the soil into the host plant. This suggests that exposure to azoles may have a significant impact on mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated transfer of nutrients in soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant systems. Understanding the unintended consequences of sustainable agricultural practices is needed to ensure the security and safety of future food production systems.

Summary

Sustainable farming practices are increasingly necessary to meet the demands of a growing population under constraints imposed by climate change. These practices, in particular the reuse of wastewater and amending soil with wastewater derived biosolids, provide a pathway for man\uffe2\uff80\uff90made chemicals to enter the agricultural environment.

Among the chemicals commonly detected in wastewater and biosolids are pharmaceutical azole antifungals. Fungi, in particular mycorrhiza\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming fungal symbionts of plant roots, are key drivers of nutrient cycling in the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant system. As such, greater understanding of the impacts of azole antifungal exposure in agricultural systems is urgently needed.

We exposed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Skyfall\uffe2\uff80\uff99) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to environmentally relevant concentrations of three azole antifungals (clotrimazole, miconazole nitrate and fluconazole). We traced the mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquired 33P from the soil into the host plant in contaminated versus non\uffe2\uff80\uff90contaminated soils and found 33P transfer from mycorrhizal fungi to host plants was reduced in soils containing antifungals. This represents a potentially major disruption to soil nutrient flows as a result of soil contamination.

Our work raises the major issue of exposure of soil biota to pharmaceuticals such as azole antifungals, introduced via sustainable agricultural practices, as a potentially globally important disruptive influence on soil nutrient cycles. The impacts of these compounds on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target organisms, beneficial mycorrhizal fungi in particular, could have major implications on security and sustainability of future food systems.

Microplastics are increasingly recognized as a factor of global change. By altering soil inherent properties and processes, ripple-on effects on plants and their symbionts can be expected. Additionally, interactions with other factors of global change, such as drought, can influence the effect of microplastics. We designed a greenhouse study to examine effects of polyester microfibers, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and drought on plant, microbial and soil responses. We found that polyester microfibers increased the aboveground biomass of Allium cepa under well-watered and drought conditions, but under drought conditions the AM fungal-only treatment reached the highest biomass. Colonization with AM fungi increased under microfiber contamination, however, plant biomass did not increase when both AM fungi and fibers were present. The mean weight diameter of soil aggregates increased with AM fungal inoculation overall but decreased when the system was contaminated with microfibers or drought stressed. Our study adds additional support to the mounting evidence that microplastic fibers in soil can affect the plant-soil system by promoting plant growth, and favoring key root symbionts, AM fungi. Although soil aggregation is usually positively influenced by plant roots and AM fungi, and microplastic promotes both, our results show that plastic still had a negative effect on soil aggregates. Even though there are concerns that microplastic might interact with other factors of global change, our study revealed no such effect for drought.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "Organic matter decomposition", "Drought", "Microplastic", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "Root traits", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Soil aggregation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-31", "title": "Impact On Soil Quality Of A 10-Year-Old Short-Rotation Coppice Poplar Stand Compared With Intensive Agricultural And Uncultivated Systems In A Mediterranean Area", "description": "Bioenergy crops play an ecologically and economically fundamental role as an alternative to agri-food productions and as renewable energy sources. Little attention has been focused on soil quality following conversion of agricultural lands to biomass crops. Here, we assessed the impact of a 10-year-old short-rotation coppice (SRC) poplar stand on the main soil chemical parameters, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Three different harvest frequencies of poplar SRC (annual T1, biannual T2 and triennial T3 cutting cycles) were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that poplar SRC improved soil quality compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. T1 and T2 positively affected AMF inoculum potential and root colonisation of a co-occurring plant species, while T3 improved the majority of soil chemical and biochemical parameters. Moreover, three different AMF morphospecies belonging to the genera Glomus and Scutellospora were found in poplar SRC, while morphospecies belonging exclusively to genera Glomus were recorded in intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Such aspects have agro-ecological implications, since the positive changes of soil nutrient availability and carbon content together with a high abundance and diversity of soil biota show clear soil sustainability of poplar SRC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Short-rotation forestry; Cutting cycle; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Microbial biomass carbon; Soil respiration; Multivariate analysis", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.15230", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-28", "title": "Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis", "description": "

Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041

Summary

The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetylglucosamine\uffe2\uff80\uff90derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90contact stage. Remarkably, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetylglucosamine\uffe2\uff80\uff90based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF\uffe2\uff80\uff90 or host plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "symbiosis", "lipids", "03 medical and health sciences", "nutrients", "Mycorrhizae", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)", "Metabolome", "natural variation", "signalling", "Symbiosis", "effectors", "phosphate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1667502/1/Pre-print%20IRIS_%20review%20New%20Phytol%202018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15230"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15230", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-10", "title": "The Cover Crop Determines The Amf Community Composition In Soil And In Roots Of Maize After A Ten-Year Continuous Crop Rotation", "description": "Intensive agricultural practices are responsible for soil biological degradation. By stimulating indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cover cropping enhances soil health and promotes agroecosystem sustainability. Still, the legacy effects of cover crops (CCs) and the major factors driving the AM fungal community are not well known; neither is the influence of the specific CC. This work describes a field experiment established in Central Spain to test the effect of replacing winter fallow by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or vetch (Vicia sativa L.) during the intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.). We examined the community composition of the AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil associated with the subsequent cash crop after 10\u202fyears of cover cropping, using Illumina technology. The multivariate analysis showed that the AMF communities under the barley treatment differed significantly from those under fallow, whereas no legacy effect of the vetch CC was detected. Soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, pH, Ca and microbial biomass carbon were identified as major factors shaping soil AMF communities. Specific AMF taxa were found to play a role in plant uptake of P, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cd, which may shed light on the functionality of these taxa. In our conditions, the use of barley as a winter CC appears to be an appropriate choice with respect to promotion of AMF populations and biological activity in agricultural soils with intercropping systems. However, more research on CC species and their legacy effect on the microbial community composition and functionality are needed to guide decisions in knowledge-based agriculture.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Diversity", "Cover cropping", "Grass", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Zea mays", "Crop Production", "Legume", "Spain", "Long-term experiment", "Mycorrhizae", "Long-term experiments", "Rhizosphere", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Illumina technology", "Mediterranean climate", "Soil Microbiology", "Mycobiome"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-06", "title": "Community Structure Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Robinia Pseudoacacia In Uncontaminated And Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils", "description": "The significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil remediation has been widely recognized because of their ability to promote plant growth and increase phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal (HM) polluted soils by improving plant nutrient absorption and by influencing the fate of the metals in the plant and soil. However, the symbiotic functions of AMF in remediation of polluted soils depend on plant\u2013fungus\u2013soil combinations and are greatly influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the adaptation of plants and the related mycorrhizae to extreme environmental conditions, AMF colonization, spore density and community structure were analyzed in roots or rhizosphere soils of Robinia pseudoacacia. Mycorrhization was compared between uncontaminated soil and heavy metal contaminated soil from a lead\u2013zinc mining region of northwest China. Samples were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening with AMF-specific primers (NS31 and AM1), and sequencing of rRNA small subunit (SSU). The phylogenetic analysis revealed 28 AMF group types, including six AMF families: Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Pacisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Of all AMF group types, six (21%) were detected based on spore samples alone, four (14%) based on root samples alone, and five (18%) based on samples from root, soil and spore. Glo9 (Rhizophagus intraradices), Glo17 (Funneliformis mosseae) and Acau3 (Acaulospora sp.) were the three most abundant AMF group types in the current study. Soil Pb and Zn concentrations, pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus levels all showed significant correlations with the AMF species compositions in root and soil samples. Overall, the uncontaminated sites had higher species diversity than sites with heavy metal contamination. The study highlights the effects of different soil chemical parameters on AMF colonization, spore density and community structure in contaminated and uncontaminated sites. The tolerant AMF species isolated and identified from this study have potential for application in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Pollution and Contamination", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Environmental interactions", "Soil Science", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "Heavy metal pollution", "Microbiology", "Phytoremediation", "Soil sciences", "Robinia pseudoacacia", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-13", "title": "Soil Sustainability Indicators Following Conservation Tillage Practices Under Subtropical Maize And Bean Crops", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Glomalin related soil protein", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "No tillage", "C sequestration", "Dehydrogenase activity", "Microbial biomass", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "15. Life on land", "Aggregate stability", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-16", "title": "Effects Of Different Tillage System On Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Propagules And Physical Properties In A Mediterranean Agroecosystem In Central Chile", "description": "Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi improve soil quality by increasing soil structure stability through the glomalin (glomalin related soil protein, GRSP) production, but diverse tillage systems can differentially affect AM activity and the consequential GRSP content in soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on AM fungal propagules (spore density, total and active fungal hyphae), GRSP content, and its relationship with some physical\u2013chemical soil properties in a Mollisol from Central Chile. For this study, two plots managed for 6 and 10 years under NT (NT6 and NT10), were compared with another plot maintained under CT management. In all cases a continuous spring wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)\u2013maize (Zea mays L.) rotation was established. The number of mycorrhizal propagules, total soil carbon (T-C) and GRSP content in NT6 was higher compared to CT and NT10. This trend was also observed for water stable aggregates (WSA) and water drop penetration time. Significant relationships were found between total mycelium and GRSP (r = 0.58, p < 0.05), GRSP and WSA (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) and between GRSP and T-C (r = 0.60, p < 0.05), suggesting an active role of AM fungi and GRSP on soil aggregation, particularly under NT6 management. In addition, the long-term NT management (NT10) produced a decrease in the parameters here assayed which suggest the application of one moderate plowing when parameters such as T-C and/or GRSP show a decrease in long-term programs of reduced or NT management applied in medium/heavy soils.", "keywords": ["Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.bvq83bk74", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:04Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Sympatric pairings of dryland grass populations, mycorrhizal fungi, and associated soil biota enhance mutualism and ameliorate drought stress", "description": "unspecifiedSources of plants, soil and inoculum Seeds and soil were collected from two sites within 25 km of one another, but with very different annual precipitation. The wetter site (hereafter \u201cwet site\u201d) was a semi-arid grassy understory of a pi\u00f1on-juniper woodland on the west side of the Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County, Arizona, USA) at an elevation of 2,064 m with approximately 43 cm of precipitation annually (PRISM Climate Group). The drier site (hereafter \u201cdry site\u201d) was a semi-arid grassland adjacent to an alluvial drainage on the east side of the Kaibab Plateau at an elevation of 1710 m with an average of 28 cm of precipitation annually (PRISM Climate Group). The soils at both sites are derived from Kaibab Limestone and the wet site soils are composed of argids while the dry site soils are a mosaic of orthents and calcids. Bouteloua gracilis seed was collected from the two sites using the Seeds of Success protocol (http://www.nps.gov/planTs/sos/protocol/index.htm). Live soil inoculum was collected from the rooting zone of B. gracilis along three 100 m transects established from a random origin (azimuths of 0\u02da, 90\u02da and 270\u02da) at the wet and dry sites. Soil subsamples within each site were pooled together and mixed. We justify homogenizing inoculum from each site because we were interested in seedling responses to average soil biotic conditions across sites, rather than within a single site or extrapolating to a broader geography than our sampling sites (a \u201ctype C\u201d design; Gundale et al. 2017, 2019). Inoculum soil was refrigerated 2 weeks until its use in the experiment. The abundance of different soil organisms in the two inoculum soils was determined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) analysis. Lipids were extracted from 5 g of freeze-dried inoculum soil by vortex mixing in a one-phase mixture of citrate buffer, methanol, and chloroform (0.8:2:1: v/v/v, pH 4.0). The biomass of AM fungi was estimated from the NLFA 16:1 w5: 20:1 w9, and 22:1 w13, biomass of other fungi was estimated from 18:2 w9:12c, and biomass of bacterial groups was estimated signature PLFAs for gram positive and gram negative bacteria (Olsson et al., 1995). This analysis indicated that the soil inoculum from the wet and dry sites had similar abundances of various fungal groups, including AM fungi, and bacteria (Supporting Information Table S1). The community composition of soil fungi in wet and dry inoculum treatments were compared before and after the experiment. Samples of soil were collected and DNA was extracted from 0.5 g of soil using a PowerSoil DNA Extraction Kit (MO BIO Laboratories, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA). Genomic DNA was normalized to 2 ng/mL, diluted 10-fold and amplified in triplicate PCR using the universal ITS general eukaryotic primer WANDA and the AM fungal specific primer AML2 for the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (Lee et al. 2008; Dumbrell et al. 2011). Purified products were quantified with PicoGreen fluorescence. Indexing PCR was completed using 8 bp dual indexed WANDA and AML2 primers. Indexed PCR products were purified using a 1,1 carboxylated magnetic bead solution, quantified, and combined into a final sample library. The library was purified, concentrated, and quantified using quantitative PCR against Illumina DNA standards on an Illumina MiSeq System (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA) running in paired end 2 x 300 bp mode. Forward reads were trimmed to 250 bp to remove low quality tails and demultiplexing was carried out using a minimum quality threshold of q20 and default parameters in QUIIME 1.9.1 (Caporasso et al. 2010) Taxonomy was assigned to sequences using BLAST with 90% similarity and an E-value less than 10-4, against the online MaarjAM database (http,//maarjam.botany.ut.ee; accessed 10 September, 2020, \u014cpik et al. 2010). Taxa that made up less than 1% of relative abundance were labeled as \u2018other\u2019, otherwise species were recorded to the genus level for community comparisons. Many species remained unidentified or classified only to order or family. \u00a0 Experimental design Mesocosms were prepared with all four possible combinations of plant and inoculum origin, two sympatric combinations (inoculum and plants from the wet site, or inoculum and plants from the dry site) and two allopatric combinations (inoculum from the dry site with plants from the wet site, or inoculum from the wet site with plants from the dry site). These treatments were further crossed with two levels of water availability to mimic the severity of water limitation at the two source sites. To generate a frame of reference for the performance of plants without sympatric or allopatric soil organisms under the soil drying regime that most closely resembles their home site, we created two sterile inoculum treatments in which plants from the wet site were grown with sterile soil under a moderate drying regime and plants from the dry site were grown in sterile soil under extreme drying conditions. Each combination of plant ecotype, inoculum origin and drying regime was replicated 9 times, resulting in 72 mesocosms, plus, the two sterile inoculum treatments replicated 9 times for a total of 90 experimental units. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mesocosms were constructed from 21 L plastic containers (43 cm x 28 cm x 18 cm) with six 0.3 cm diameter holes drilled into the bottom for drainage. In order to remove the effects of any variation in soil physical and chemical characteristics at the two different sites, we created a sterilized common soil using a 1,1 mixture of soil from the two sites that was steam sterilized at 125\u00b0C for 48 hours. Our experimental design matches type C in Gundale et al. (2017), because unique and variable sub-populations of plant subjects (a random draw of seeds collected from a site) are confronted with one of two soil biota conditions that represent the gamma diversity of each site, and the same background soil condition. This design is preferred when the goal is to detect differences among two or more groups of subjects, and when within-site or regional spatial variation is not a focus (Cahill et al. 2017; Gundale et al. 2017; Gundale et al. 2019). Each mesocosm was filled with approximately 15 liters of sterilized soil and topped with a 1 cm thick band of either live or sterilized (dead) inoculum soil. Bouteloua gracilis seed was sprinkled onto the inoculum soil at a rate of 60 seeds per mesocosm and later thinned to 10 seedlings per mesocosm. Mesocosms were placed in fully randomized spatial locations to account for microclimatic variation within the glasshouse. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Watering treatments Initially, all mesocosms were watered three times each week for eight weeks and then they were watered twice per week for four weeks before starting the drying treatments. Each watering event brought the mesocosms to field capacity to ensure adequate moisture for plant establishment. Rather than simulate an unrealistically abrupt transition from abundant moisture to dry conditions, we simulated a more gradual transition based on percent of field capacity. These transitions simulate what a plant may experience during the growing seasons as soil moisture diminishes after snowmelt or summer monsoons. Mass at field capacity was estimated by weighing ten randomly selected containers 24 hours after watering. Then, the mass of one randomly selected container was measured every other day, until a soil mass threshold indicated it was time to water again to field capacity. For the moderate drying treatment, we used an initial threshold of 60% of mass at field capacity. For the extreme drying treatment, we used an initial threshold of 40%. After each sequential watering, we decreased both of these threshold percentages by 5%.\u00a0 This both gradually decreased the amount of water available to the plants and increased the length of time between watering events. Eventually, we reached permanent wilting point (approx. -1.5 MPa) in both treatments resulting in at least 90% mortality after 8 months when the experiment was terminated. \u00a0 Plant performance Every two weeks, we measured plant height in all containers and the percentage of plant tissue that was green was monitored to estimate the length of time until plant senescence. Greenness was based on ocular estimates of color. No plants produced inflorescences.\u00a0 At the termination of the experiment, all aboveground biomass was clipped, dried at 60\u00b0C for 24 hours and weighed. Root biomass was sampled by taking four soil cores (5 cm diameter and 18 cm deep). Roots were cleaned, dried and weighed and the weight of roots per volume of core was used to estimate root biomass in the total volume of the mesocosm. \u00a0 AM fungal performance Soil and root materials obtained from destructive harvesting at the end of the experiment were analyzed from all 90 mesocosms.\u00a0 A 10 g subsample of fresh root material was refrigerated until it could be examined for root colonization by fungi. Root samples were cleared with 5% KOH and stained with ink in vinegar (Vierheilig et al., 1998). \u00a0Colonization by AM fungi and other root endophytes was determined using the gridline intersect method at 200 \u00d7 magnification (McGonigle et al., 1990). \u00a0Mycorrhizal root colonization was distinguished as arbuscules, vesicles and hyphae; dark septate endophytes (DSEs) were also quantified.\u00a0 The soil-borne (external) hyphae of AM fungi were extracted from the soil cores after root removal, using the methods of Sylvia (1992), \u00a0and quantified using a gridded eyepiece graticule in an inverse compound microscope at 250 \u00d7 magnification.\u00a0 At points where hyphae intersected gridlines, hyphae were counted, and counts were converted to length of hyphae per gram of soil. Hyphae of AM fungi were distinguished from other fungal hyphae based on their morphology and color.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Global warming", "dryland ecology", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "15. Life on land", "Plant ecology", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Remke, Michael", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bvq83bk74"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.bvq83bk74", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.bvq83bk74", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.bvq83bk74"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-17", "title": "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Of Wheat Under Long-Term Mineral And Organic Amendments In Semi-Arid Mediterranean Turkey", "description": "A minimal amount of information is currently available concerning arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal associations with crops in semi-arid zones on Leptosols in Turkey. Therefore, using molecular ecological techniques, we studied the effects of different management practices (without fertilization, chemical fertilization, farmyard manure, and plant compost amendments) on AM fungal communities associated with wheat roots. Experiments were conducted in a field established in 1996 in southern Mediterranean Turkey where soil productivity is low owing to unfavorable climatic effects and soil characteristics. We determined 201 partial sequences of AM fungal nuclear ribosomal large subunit genes. The higher AM fungal richness was found in the control treatment without fertilization and plant compost treatments compared with the chemical fertilization and farmyard manure treatments. Clones related to Rhizophagus were found in all treatments and accounted for 37% of the total AM fungal clones, whereas those of Funneliformis were dominant under chemical fertilization. Redundancy analysis based on the frequency of operational taxonomic units revealed that AM fungal communities were divided into three groups, namely, the control treatment, the chemical fertilization treatment, and the organic treatments (farmyard manure and plant compost treatments). Although different organic amendments supported relatively similar AM fungal communities, plant compost induced higher AM fungal richness than farmyard manure fertilization.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Leptosol", "southern Mediterranean Turkey", "organic fertilization", "large ribosomal subunits (LSU rDNA)", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "community analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arid%20Land%20Research%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-27", "title": "Not only priming: Soil microbiota may protect tomato from root pathogens", "description": "An increasing number of studies have investigated soil microbial biodiversity. However, the mechanisms regulating plant responses to soil microbiota are largely unknown. A previous work tested the hypothesis that tomato plants grown on native soils with their complex microbiotas respond differently from tomato growing in a sterile substrate. Two soils, suppressive or conducive to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), and two genotypes susceptible and resistant to the same pathogen were considered. The work highlighted that the two tested soil microbiotas, irrespectively of their taxonomic composition, elicit the PAMP-triggered Immunity Pathway, the first level of plant defence, as well as an increased lignin synthesis, leading to an active protection when FOL is present in the soil. Here, we tested the expression of a panel of genes involved in Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI), demonstrating that soil microbiota, beside genotype, affects plant resistance to FOL also modulating this pathway.", "keywords": ["suppressive and conducive soils", "susceptible and resistant genotypes", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "defence responses; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; gene expression; lignin biosynthesis; microbiota; suppressive and conducive soils; susceptible and resistant genotypes; tomato; Plant Science", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "tomato", "15. Life on land", "defence responses", "03 medical and health sciences", "Fusarium", "Solanum lycopersicum", "microbiota", "gene expression", "Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici", "lignin biosynthesis", "Soil Microbiology", "Plant Diseases"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1677702/2/Chialva_et_al_2018_PostPrint.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Signaling%20%26amp%3B%20Behavior", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qg2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-07-07", "title": "Depth-dependent effects of Ericoid Mycorrhizal shrubs on soil carbon and nitrogen pools are accentuated under Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Trees", "description": "unspecifiedWe worked in a 3,213-ha second-growth, mixed-hardwood forest in Connecticut, USA (41\u00b057\u2019 N, 72\u00b007\u2019 W). We established 18 10-m radius plots, each containing a pair of 1-m radius subplots (n =36), evenly arrayed across three forest stands that contained areas of both high AM and high EcM tree relative basal area as well as a patchy distribution of the ErM shrub Kalmia latifolia.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 Within each of the 18 plots, we established paired 1-m radius subplots with and without K. latifolia in the understory ( \u201c+/- ErM subplot\u201d) within 2 m of the center of the 10-m radius plot. In each 1-m radius subplot, we measured trees \u22651 cm diameter at breast height (DBH; 1.37 m). We also measured DBH of all trees \u226520 cm DBH within 10 m and trees \u22655 cm DBH within 5 m of plot center. We calculated the percentage of EcM tree basal area out of total basal area, scaled to m2 ha-1. \u00a0 In June 2021, we collected and pooled two soil samples for each of three depths within the 36 paired subplots (i.e. 18 +ErM and 18 -ErM subplots). The three depths included: (1) the Oa horizon (depth varied depending on the thickness of the horizon); (2) the top 10 cm of the A horizon, beginning at the base of the Oa horizon; and (3) a second, contiguous A horizon sample that reached a cumulative sampling depth of 30 cm, inclusive of the depth of the Oa horizon. For the organic layer, we removed the litter layer (i.e. the Oi and Oe horizons) and collected and pooled two 25 by 25-cm areas of the Oa horizon using a square template. For the mineral layers, we collected two contiguous depth increments from the A horizon within the footprint of the 25 by 25-cm areas using a 5.08-cm diameter hammer corer. In each instance, we recorded the exact sampling depth. Two subplots did not have an Oa horizon, so we collected a total of 106 samples (3 sites \u00d7 6 plots \u00d7 2 subplots \u00d7 3 depths \u2212 2 Oa samples). Soils were stored at 4\u00b0C prior to their analysis. \u00a0 To prepare the soil samples for analysis, we weighed and homogenized each sample, air dried a representative subsample of non-sieved soil, and passed the remaining field-moist sample through a 4-mm sieve. Using the non-sieved subsample, we estimated the mass and volume of roots and stones and calculated soil bulk density values. For total soil organic matter (SOM) content, we heated samples at 550\u00b0C for 12-h in a muffle furnace and calculated loss on ignition. \u00a0 We used a modified substrate-induced respiration method as an indicator of active saprotrophic microbial biomass. Using autolyzed yeast extract solution as a labile C substrate, we measured rates of CO2 efflux over a 4-h incubation period with an Infra-Red Gas Analyzer and calculated the rate of C-CO2 production per unit of equivalent soil dry mass. For microbially-available C, we estimated potential CO2 production rates over a 14-d incubation period. We measured CO2 efflux over 24-h periods at days 1, 5, 8, and 14 and integrated the four measurements to calculate cumulative C-CO2 production. We estimated water holding capacity by saturating each field-moist sample with water and allowing it to drain freely for 2 h. To calculate the equivalent dry mass of field-moist samples, we measured gravimetric water content by oven-drying the samples to constant mass at 105\u00b0C. \u00a0 We separated the >53 and <53\u2009\u00b5m particle size fractions to quantify particulate (POM) and mineral-associated soil organic matter fractions. We passed air-dried samples through a 2-mm sieve and then dispersed soil aggregates by shaking ~30 g of the sieved, air-dried sample with 30\u2009mL of sodium hexametaphosphate (NaHMP) solution for 18 h. We rinsed each sample over a 53-\u00b5m sieve with deionized water until the water passing through the sieve ran clear. We oven-dried the >53-\u00b5m fraction retained on the top of the sieve and a representative subsample of the <53-\u00b5m fraction suspended in solution at 70\u00b0C. To estimate the mass of the <53-\u00b5m fraction, we calculated the difference between the initial soil mass (105\u00b0C equivalent) and the recovered mass of the >53-\u00b5m fraction (105\u00b0C equivalent). To convert air-dried soil mass to oven-dried mass we dried a subsample of each air-dried sample at 105\u00b0C. Fractions were ground to a fine powder and analyzed for total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations using a Costech ESC 4010 Elemental Analyzer. \u00a0 We used an equivalent soil mass approach to calculate soil C, N, SOM, microbial biomass, and microbially-available C stocks in three equivalent soil mass layers as well as the sum of the three layers to estimate cumulative stocks at the subplot level. Following this approach, we report stocks to a standard soil mass and therefore allow the depth of the equivalent soil mass layers to vary depending on soil bulk density. To calculate equivalent soil mass stocks, we added or subtracted elemental stocks of the deeper soil layer to the upper soil layer in 1-mm increments until the soil mass from the upper layer is closest to that of the target soil mass. We chose reference soil masses using the median or target field sampling depth and the mean bulk density value for each of the three depth increments to make them roughly equivalent to the sampled depths. Based on this method, the organic layer had an equivalent mass of ~2.5 kg soil m-2 (median Oa depth = 2.5 cm; mean Oa bulk density = 0.10 g cm-3), the surface mineral layer had an equivalent mass of ~37 kg soil m-2 (target sampling depth = 10 cm; mean bulk density = 0.37 g cm-3), and the subsurface mineral layer had an equivalent mass of ~126 kg soil m-2 (the target sampling depth was 17.5 cm for a sample with a 2.5 cm Oa depth; mean bulk density = 0.72 g cm-3). The cumulative equivalent soil mass for the subplot-level stocks was the sum of the three layers, or ~166 kg soil m-2.", "keywords": ["equivalent soil mass", "ericoid mycorrhizal fungi", "13. Climate action", "ectomycorrhizal fungi", "Particulate organic matter", "FOS: Biological sciences", "soil nitrogen", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Mineral-associated organic matter", "soil carbon stocks", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ward, Elisabeth", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qg2"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qg2", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qg2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qg2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2435.14178", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-10", "title": "Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling", "description": "Abstract

Increased human\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived nitrogen (N) loading in terrestrial ecosystems has caused widespread ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level phosphorus (P) limitation. In response, plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms adopt a series of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies to offset N loading\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced P limitation. Many of these strategies impose costs on carbon (C) allocation by plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms; however, it remains unclear how P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies affect soil C cycling. Herein, we review the literature on the effects of N loading on P limitation and outline a conceptual overview of how plant and microbial P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies may affect soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems.

Excessive input of N significantly enhances plant biomass production, soil acidification, and produces plant litterfall with high N/P ratios, which can aggravate ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level P limitation.

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N loading can cause plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms to alter their functional traits to increase P acquisition. Plants can release carboxylate exudates and phosphatases, modify root morphological traits, facilitate the formation of symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi and stimulate the abundance of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms. Releasing carboxylate exudates and phosphatases could accelerate SOC decomposition, whereas changing symbiotic associations and root morphological traits (e.g. an increase in fine root length) may contribute to higher SOC stabilization. Increased relative abundances of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing bacteria can accelerate P mining and SOC decay, which may decrease microbial C use efficiency and subsequently lower SOC sequestration.

The trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between different plant P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies under N loading should be among future research priorities due to their cascading impacts on soil C storage. Quantifying ecosystem thresholds for P adaption to increased N loading is important because P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies are effective when N loading is below the N threshold. Moreover, understanding the response of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies at different levels of native soil N availability could provide insight to divergent P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies across sites and ecosystems. Altogether, P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies should be explicitly considered in Earth System Models to generate more realistic predictions of the effects of N loading on soil C cycling.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Cropping practices have a great potential to improve soil quality through changes in soil biota. Yet the effects of these soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90improving cropping systems on soil fungal communities are not well known. Here, we analysed soil fungal communities using standardized measurements in 12 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments across Europe. We were interested in whether the same practices (i.e., tillage, fertilization, organic amendments and cover crops) applied across different sites have predictable and repeatable effects on soil fungal communities and guilds. The fungal communities were very variable across sites located in different soil types and climatic regions. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were the fungal guild with most unique species in individual sites, whereas plant pathogenic fungi were most shared between the sites. The fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently in different sites and only fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi, whereas the responses to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site, soil and crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90species specific. We further show that the crop yield is negatively affected by cropping practices aimed at improving soil health. Yet, we show that these practices have the potential to change the fungal communities and that change in plant pathogenic fungi and in AMF is linked to the yield. We further link the soil fungal community and guilds to soil abiotic characteristics and reveal that especially Mn, K, Mg and pH affect the composition of fungi across sites. In summary, we show that fungal communities vary considerably between sites and that there are no clear directional responses in fungi or fungal guilds across sites to soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90improving cropping systems, but that the responses vary based on soil abiotic conditions, crop type and climatic conditions.

Highlights

Soil fungi were analysed using standardized measurements in 12 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments

Fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently at different sites

Only reduced fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi, whereas the responses to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site specific.

Fungal community structure varied significantly between sites, crops and climate conditions; therefore, more cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90site studies are needed in order to manage beneficial soil fungi in agricultural systems.

", "keywords": ["soil‐", "DIVERSITY", "0607 Plant Biology", "0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "Soil Science", "ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "FERTILIZATION", "improving cropping systems", "soil fungi", "0503 Soil Sciences", "S Agriculture (General)", "CROPS", "METAANALYSIS", "TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "long‐", "LAND-USE", "soil-improving cropping systems", "Agriculture", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "PERFORMANCE", "15. Life on land", "4106 Soil sciences", "long-term experiments", "organic amendments", "tillage", "term experiments", "POPULATIONS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BIODIVERSITY", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ejss.13090"}, {"href": "https://rau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/16456/1/ejss.13090.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13090"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.13090", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.13090", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.13090"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-05", "title": "Soil biodiversity enhances the persistence of legumes under climate change", "description": "Summary

Global environmental change poses threats to plant and soil biodiversity. Yet, whether soil biodiversity loss can further influence plant community\uffe2\uff80\uff99s response to global change is still poorly understood.

We created a gradient of soil biodiversity using the dilution\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90extinction approach, and investigated the effects of soil biodiversity loss on plant communities during and following manipulations simulating global change disturbances in experimental grassland microcosms.

Grass and herb biomass was decreased by drought and promoted by nitrogen deposition, and a fast recovery was observed following disturbances, independently of soil biodiversity loss. Warming promoted herb biomass during and following disturbance only when soil biodiversity was not reduced. However, legumes biomass was suppressed by these disturbances, and there were more detrimental effects with reduced soil biodiversity. Moreover, soil biodiversity loss suppressed the recovery of legumes following these disturbances. Similar patterns were found for the response of plant diversity. The changes in legumes might be partly attributed to the loss of mycorrhizal soil mutualists.

Our study shows that soil biodiversity is crucial for legume persistence and plant diversity maintenance when faced with environmental change, highlighting the importance of soil biodiversity as a potential buffering mechanism for plant diversity and community composition in grasslands.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "warming", "Climate Change", "Fabaceae", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Biodiversity", "drought", "plant\u2013soil interactions", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "nitrogen deposition", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "biodiversity loss", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "dilution-to-extinction approach", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.17065"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.17065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.17065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.17065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0103-90162011000200013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-07", "title": "Soil Biochemistry And Microbial Activity In Vineyards Under Conventional And Organic Management At Northeast Brazil", "description": "

The S\uffc3\uffa3o Francisco Submedium Valley is located at the Brazilian semiarid region and is an important center for irrigated fruit growing. This region is responsible for 97% of the national exportation of table grapes, including seedless grapes. Based on the fact that organic fertilization can improve soil quality, we compared the effects of conventional and organic soil management on microbial activity and mycorrhization of seedless grape crops. We measured glomerospores number, most probable number (MPN) of propagules, richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, AMF root colonization, EE-BRSP production, carbon microbial biomass (C-MB), microbial respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity (FDA) and metabolic coefficient (qCO2). The organic management led to an increase in all variables with the exception of EE-BRSP and qCO2. Mycorrhizal colonization increased from 4.7% in conventional crops to 15.9% in organic crops. Spore number ranged from 4.1 to 12.4 per 50 g-1 soil in both management systems. The most probable number of AMF propagules increased from 79 cm-3 soil in the conventional system to 110 cm-3 soil in the organic system. Microbial carbon, CO2 emission, and FDA activity were increased by 100 to 200% in the organic crop. Thirteen species of AMF were identified, the majority in the organic cultivation system. Acaulospora excavata, Entrophospora infrequens, Glomus sp.3 and Scutellospora sp. were found only in the organically managed crop. S. gregaria was found only in the conventional crop. Organically managed vineyards increased mycorrhization and general soil microbial activity.

", "keywords": ["semiarid", "sustainable agriculture", "Soil", "atividade microbiana do solo", "semi-\u00e1rido", "agricultura sustent\u00e1vel", "Vitis vinifera L.", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil microbial activity", "fungos micorr\u00edzicos arbusculares"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000200013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientia%20Agricola", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0103-90162011000200013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0103-90162011000200013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0103-90162011000200013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/vzj2015.09.0131", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-13", "title": "Modeling Soil Processes: Review, Key Challenges, and New Perspectives", "description": "Core Ideas

A community effort is needed to move soil modeling forward.

Establishing an international soil modeling consortium is key in this respect.

There is a need to better integrate existing knowledge in soil models.

Integration of data and models is a key challenge in soil modeling.

The remarkable complexity of soil and its importance to a wide range of ecosystem services presents major challenges to the modeling of soil processes. Although major progress in soil models has occurred in the last decades, models of soil processes remain disjointed between disciplines or ecosystem services, with considerable uncertainty remaining in the quality of predictions and several challenges that remain yet to be addressed. First, there is a need to improve exchange of knowledge and experience among the different disciplines in soil science and to reach out to other Earth science communities. Second, the community needs to develop a new generation of soil models based on a systemic approach comprising relevant physical, chemical, and biological processes to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of soil processes and their interactions. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate exchanges between soil modeling and climate, plant, and social science modeling communities. It will allow us to contribute to preserve and improve our assessment of ecosystem services and advance our understanding of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change feedback mechanisms, among others, thereby facilitating and strengthening communication among scientific disciplines and society. We review the role of modeling soil processes in quantifying key soil processes that shape ecosystem services, with a focus on provisioning and regulating services. We then identify key challenges in modeling soil processes, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes. We discuss how the soil modeling community could best interface with modern modeling activities in other disciplines, such as climate, ecology, and plant research, and how to weave novel observation and measurement techniques into soil models. We propose the establishment of an international soil modeling consortium to coherently advance soil modeling activities and foster communication with other Earth science disciplines. Such a consortium should promote soil modeling platforms and data repository for model development, calibration and intercomparison essential for addressing contemporary challenges.Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitously found in terrestrial ecosystems and are increasingly recognized as a factor of global change (GCF). Current research shows that MP can alter plant growth, soil inherent properties, and the composition and activity of microbial communities. However, knowledge about how microplastic affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is scarce. For plants it has been shown that microplastic can both increase and decrease the aboveground biomass and reduce the root diameter, which could indirectly cause a change in AMF abundance and activity. One of the main direct effects of microplastic is the reduction of the soil bulk density, which translates to an altered soil pore structure and water transport. Moreover, especially fibers can have considerable impacts on soil structure, namely the size distribution and stability of soil aggregates. Therefore, microplastic alters a number of soil parameters that determine habitat space and conditions for AMF. We expect that this will influence functions mediated by AMF, such as soil aggregation, water and nutrient transport. We discuss how the impacts of microplastic on AMF could alter how plants deal with other GCFs in the context of sustainable food production. The co-occurrence of several GCFs, e.g., elevated temperature, drought, pesticides, and microplastic could modify the impact of microplastic on AMF. Furthermore, the ubiquitous presence of microplastic also relates to earth system processes, e.g., net primary production (NPP), carbon and nitrogen cycling, which involve AMF as key soil organisms. For future research, we outline which experiments should be prioritized.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "0303 health sciences", "Plant culture", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Plant Science", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "earth system processes", "pollution", "microplastic", "global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.626709"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2021.626709", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2021.626709", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2021.626709"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/d12060234", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-12", "title": "Does Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Determine Soil Microbial Functionality in Nutrient-Limited Mediterranean Arid Ecosystems?", "description": "

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are determinant for the performance of plant communities and for the functionality of terrestrial ecosystems. In natural ecosystems, grazing can have a major impact on mycorrhizal fungi and consequently on plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the statements referred above in Mediterranean arid areas in Tunisia. Root samples and rhizosphere soils of five dominant herbaceous plants were studied at six distinct arid sites differing on soil proprieties and grazing intensity. At each site, chemical and dynamic properties of the soil were characterized as well as the AMF colonization intensity and the soil functionality. Results showed that the mycorrhizal frequency and intensity and spore density, varied between plants in the same site and, for each plant, between sites and evidenced a positive effect of mycorrhized plants on soil microbial activity. Grazing and soil properties strongly affected AMF composition and the soil microbial and biochemical dynamics, which presented the lowest values at the sites with the highest grazing intensities. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that AMF improve soil biological properties, supporting the hypothesis that mycorrhiza and grazing compete for plant photosynthates, and highlight the importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis towards soil functionality under arid conditions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "arid areas", "conserved areas", "QH301-705.5", "mycorrhiza", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "14. Life underwater", "Biology (General)", "15. Life on land", "biological properties"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/6/234/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/6/234/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060234"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Diversity", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/d12060234", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/d12060234", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/d12060234"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/microorganisms11071721", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-30", "title": "The Combined Applications of Microbial Inoculants and Organic Fertilizer Improve Plant Growth under Unfavorable Soil Conditions", "description": "

The performance of two bio-inoculants either in single or in combined applications with organic fertilizer was tested to determine their effect on plant growth and yield under normal and unfavorable field conditions such as low pH value and low content of P. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF; three species of Glomus) and the plant-growth-promoting bacterial strain Kosakonia radicincitans DSM16656 were applied to barley in a two-year field experiment with different soil pH levels and available nutrients. Grain yield; contents of P, N, K, and Mg; and soil microbial parameters were measured. Grain yield and the content of nutrients were significantly increased by the applications of mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, AMF, and K. radicincitans, and the combined application of organic fertilizer with AMF and with K. radicincitans over the control under normal growth conditions. Under low-pH and low-P conditions, only the combined application of the organic fertilizer with K. radicincitans and organic fertilizer with AMF could increase the grain yield and content of nutrients of barley over the control.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Yield", "QH301-705.5", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Soil pH", "Article", "Kosakonia radicincitans", "03 medical and health sciences", "organic fertilizer", "Microbial inoculants", "Kosakonia radicincitans", "Biology (General)", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial inoculants; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Kosakonia radicincitans; organic fertilizer; field experiment; soil conditions; soil pH; yield", "soil conditions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Field experiment", "field experiment", "13. Climate action", "Organic fertilizer", "Soil conditions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial inoculants"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1721/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071721"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/microorganisms11071721", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/microorganisms11071721", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/microorganisms11071721"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/plants9070886", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-22", "title": "Gigaspora margarita and Its Endobacterium Modulate Symbiotic Marker Genes in Tomato Roots under Combined Water and Nutrient Stress", "description": "

As members of the plant microbiota, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may be effective in enhancing plant resilience to drought, one of the major limiting factors threatening crop productivity. AMF host their own microbiota and previous data demonstrated that endobacteria thriving in Gigaspora margarita modulate fungal antioxidant responses. Here, we used the G. margarita\uffe2\uff80\uff93Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum system to test whether the tripartite interaction between tomato, G. margarita and its endobacteria may improve plant resilience to combined water/nutrient stress. Tomato plants were inoculated with spores containing endobacteria (B+) or not (B-), and exposed to combined water/nutrient stress. Plants traits, AM colonization and expression of AM marker genes were measured. Results showed that mycorrhizal frequency was low and no growth effect was observed. Under control conditions, B+ inoculated plants were more responsive to the symbiosis, as they showed an up-regulation of three AM marker genes involved in phosphate and lipids metabolism compared with B\uffe2\uff88\uff92 inoculated or not-inoculated plants. When combined stress was imposed, the difference between fungal strains was still evident for one marker gene. These results indicate that the fungal endobacteria finely modulate plant metabolism, even in the absence of growth response.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Drought; Endobacteria; Multiple stress; Nutrients; Stress resilience", "Botany", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "endobacteria", "drought", "15. Life on land", "stress resilience", "Article", "6. Clean water", "03 medical and health sciences", "nutrients", "QK1-989", "multiple stress"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/7/886/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1744863/1/Chialva%20et%20al.%2c%202020_Tomato_Gigaspora.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/7/886/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070886"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/plants9070886", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/plants9070886", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/plants9070886"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtcn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs alter the relationship between tree mycorrhizal dominance and soil carbon and nitrogen", "description": "unspecifiedThis dataset is comprised of three tabs in a single excel file. See the 'metadata' tab for information pertaining to the variables measured and analyzed. The 'CT_data' tab includes values for all the soil variables analyzed and reported on from the Connecticut site. The 'USNPS_data' tab includes the percent vegetation cover for each plant taxon by stratum/vegetation layer for each of the U.S. National Park Service plots analyzed and reported on in the manuscript.", "keywords": ["ectomycorrhizal fungi", "soil organic matter", "fungal interactions", "Forest understorey", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ward, Elisabeth, Duguid, Marlyse, Kuebbing, Sara, Lendemer, James, Warren II, Robert, Bradford, Mark,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtcn"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtcn", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtcn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtcn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.b7f53", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:03Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase organic carbon decomposition under elevated CO2", "description": "unspecifiedThe extent to which terrestrial ecosystems can sequester carbon to mitigate climate change is a matter of debate. The stimulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has been assumed to be a major mechanism facilitating soil carbon sequestration by increasing carbon inputs to soil and by protecting organic carbon from decomposition via aggregation. We present evidence from four independent microcosm and field experiments demonstrating that CO2 enhancement of AMF results in considerable soil carbon losses. Our findings challenge the assumption that AMF protect against degradation of organic carbon in soil and raise questions about the current prediction of terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance under future climate-change scenarios.", "keywords": ["N cycling", "13. Climate action", "C cycling", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cheng, Lei, Booker, Fitzgerald L., Tu, Cong, Burkey, Kent O., Zhou, Lishi, Shew, H. David, Rufty, Thomas W., Hu, Shuijin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b7f53"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.b7f53", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.b7f53", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.b7f53"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfw", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:04Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-14", "title": "Data from: Arbuscular mycorrhizal communities respond to nutrient enrichment and plant invasion in phosphorus-limited eucalypt woodlands", "description": "unspecified# Arbuscular mycorrhizal communities respond to nutrient enrichment and plant invasion in phosphorus-limited eucalypt woodlands [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfw](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfw) This data was used to conduct all analyses of the linked article. It contains treatments allocated to each sample, as well as all soil chemistry, vegetation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) variables ## Description of the data and file structure Three data files are provided: a raw community matrix of AMF (i.e. prior rarefaction), a raw community matrix of plants, and a data frame with the other is the environmental data frame with\u00a0all soil chemistry, vegetation cover and richness, and AMF richness. Please refer to the published article for methodology on how these data were collected. All three data files are connected by the 'sample' column from each data file. Each data file is in excel form and has two sheets: one with the data, and one with the metadata that explains each column. Missing data code: NA", "keywords": ["nutrient enrichment", "Mucoromycotina", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Glomeromycotina", "Ecosystem degradation", "Ecological restoration", "Mediterranean-climate eucalypt woodlands", "plant invasion"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Albornoz, Felipe, Prober, Suzanne, Bissett, Andrew, Tibbett, Mark, Standish, Rachel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfw"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfw", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfw", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfw"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11755/caa0017e-1fa6-41ae-a8f0-8de3b4f939e4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:24:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-10", "title": "Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling", "description": "Abstract

Increased human\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived nitrogen (N) loading in terrestrial ecosystems has caused widespread ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level phosphorus (P) limitation. In response, plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms adopt a series of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies to offset N loading\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced P limitation. Many of these strategies impose costs on carbon (C) allocation by plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms; however, it remains unclear how P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies affect soil C cycling. Herein, we review the literature on the effects of N loading on P limitation and outline a conceptual overview of how plant and microbial P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies may affect soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems.

Excessive input of N significantly enhances plant biomass production, soil acidification, and produces plant litterfall with high N/P ratios, which can aggravate ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level P limitation.

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N loading can cause plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms to alter their functional traits to increase P acquisition. Plants can release carboxylate exudates and phosphatases, modify root morphological traits, facilitate the formation of symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi and stimulate the abundance of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms. Releasing carboxylate exudates and phosphatases could accelerate SOC decomposition, whereas changing symbiotic associations and root morphological traits (e.g. an increase in fine root length) may contribute to higher SOC stabilization. Increased relative abundances of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing bacteria can accelerate P mining and SOC decay, which may decrease microbial C use efficiency and subsequently lower SOC sequestration.

The trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between different plant P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies under N loading should be among future research priorities due to their cascading impacts on soil C storage. Quantifying ecosystem thresholds for P adaption to increased N loading is important because P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies are effective when N loading is below the N threshold. Moreover, understanding the response of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies at different levels of native soil N availability could provide insight to divergent P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies across sites and ecosystems. Altogether, P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies should be explicitly considered in Earth System Models to generate more realistic predictions of the effects of N loading on soil C cycling.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

A community effort is needed to move soil modeling forward.

Establishing an international soil modeling consortium is key in this respect.

There is a need to better integrate existing knowledge in soil models.

Integration of data and models is a key challenge in soil modeling.

The remarkable complexity of soil and its importance to a wide range of ecosystem services presents major challenges to the modeling of soil processes. Although major progress in soil models has occurred in the last decades, models of soil processes remain disjointed between disciplines or ecosystem services, with considerable uncertainty remaining in the quality of predictions and several challenges that remain yet to be addressed. First, there is a need to improve exchange of knowledge and experience among the different disciplines in soil science and to reach out to other Earth science communities. Second, the community needs to develop a new generation of soil models based on a systemic approach comprising relevant physical, chemical, and biological processes to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of soil processes and their interactions. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate exchanges between soil modeling and climate, plant, and social science modeling communities. It will allow us to contribute to preserve and improve our assessment of ecosystem services and advance our understanding of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change feedback mechanisms, among others, thereby facilitating and strengthening communication among scientific disciplines and society. We review the role of modeling soil processes in quantifying key soil processes that shape ecosystem services, with a focus on provisioning and regulating services. We then identify key challenges in modeling soil processes, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes. We discuss how the soil modeling community could best interface with modern modeling activities in other disciplines, such as climate, ecology, and plant research, and how to weave novel observation and measurement techniques into soil models. We propose the establishment of an international soil modeling consortium to coherently advance soil modeling activities and foster communication with other Earth science disciplines. Such a consortium should promote soil modeling platforms and data repository for model development, calibration and intercomparison essential for addressing contemporary challenges.

", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "550", "Sciences de l\u2019environnement & \u00e9cologie", "QH301 Biology", "Knowledge management", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "ECOSYSTEM SERVICES", "02 engineering and technology", "soil processes", "01 natural sciences", "Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "Sciences de la Terre", "Biological process", "ANZSRC::3707 Hydrology", "DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX", "SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR", "ANZSRC::4106 Soil sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "0503 Soil Sciences", "GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR", "Integration of knowledge", "Life sciences", "ANZSRC::050399 Soil Sciences not elsewhere classified", "synthetic-aperture radar", "Physical Sciences", "Water Resources", "Knowledge and experience", "MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES", "knowledge integration", "570", "DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY", "Environmental Engineering", "Physique", " chimie", " math\u00e9matiques & sciences de la terre", "Scientific discipline", "0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "0207 environmental engineering", "Soil Science", "soil science", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "Physical", " chemical", " mathematical & earth Sciences", "ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences", "Science disciplines", "PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS", "Feedback mechanisms", "mod\u00e9lisation", "ground-penetrating radar", "Science & Technology", "ANZSRC::080110 Simulation and Modelling", "15. Life on land", "Sciences de la terre & g\u00e9ographie physique", "multiple ecosystem services", "root water-uptake", "Observation and measurement", "DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL", "Quality of predictions", "SATURATED-UNSATURATED FLOW", "ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "sciences du sol", "HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy", "4106 Soil sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "digital elevation model", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "Sciences du vivant", "Uncertainty analysis", "0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Crop and Pasture Production", "101028 Mathematical modelling", "international soil modeling consortium", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Ecosystems", "Climate models", "QH301", "Environmental sciences & ecology", "Life Science", "SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELS", "data integration", "sediment transport models", "approche ecosyst\u00e9mique", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "3707 Hydrology", "soil modeling", "ROOT WATER-UPTAKE", "SOLUTE TRANSPORT", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Earth Sciences", "Earth sciences & physical geography", "Soils", "101028 Mathematische Modellierung", "saturated-unsaturated flow", "Environmental Sciences", "root water-uptake", " sediment transport models", " diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy", " arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", " multiple ecosystem services", " saturated-unsaturated flow", " ground-penetrating radar", " synthetic-aperture radar", " digital elevation model", " organic-matter dynamics."]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/263634/1/Vereecken%20VZJ%202016.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.2136/vzj2015.09.0131/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt6976n34c/qt6976n34c.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/6134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/6134", "name": "item", "description": "2164/6134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/6134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/MM1QQZ", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:23:54Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-07-15", "title": "Replication Data and statistical analyses for: Implications of the existence of different sexual forms on the interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a dioecious population of Opuntia robusta Wendl. (Cactaceae)", "description": "Open AccessV1", "keywords": ["Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi/ *AMF", "Opuntia robusta/ *females", "Opuntia robusta/ *hermaphrodites", "Medicine", " Health and Life Sciences", "biology", "Rhizosphere", "Opuntia robusta/ *males", "Soil characteristics", "Opuntia robusta/ *sexual forms"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Janczur, Mariusz Krzysztof, Sandoval Molina, Mario Alberto, Mart\u00ednez Estrella, Daniel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MM1QQZ"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/MM1QQZ", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/MM1QQZ", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/MM1QQZ"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/407328", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Embargo", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:24:09Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "HARVEST Project Dataset-France Apple Orchard Soil biological and chemical parameters (2019\u20132020) [Dataset]", "description": "Embargo[ES] Este conjunto de datos incluye informaci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica y biol\u00f3gica del suelo recolectada en un campo de manzanos manejado bajo dos sistemas (Ecol\u00f3gico y Manejo Integrado de Plagas) y tres modalidades de cubierta en las calles (Control, Cubierta de gram\u00edneas, Cubierta de gram\u00edneas y leguminosas). Las mediciones incluyen biomasa microbiana del suelo, propiedades qu\u00edmicas del suelo, colonizaci\u00f3n por hongos micorr\u00edcicos arbusculares (AMF), perfiles catab\u00f3licos microbianos del suelo y la estructura y taxonom\u00eda de la comunidad f\u00fangica del suelo, evaluadas en tres momentos (T0, T1 y T2).", "keywords": ["soil chemistry", "soil health", "soil microorganisms", "Soil microbial biomass", "Soil microbial activity", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Soil microbial catabolic profile", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "soil microbial biomass", "soil fungal communicity structure and taxonomy", "soil microbial catabolic profile", "Soil health", "soil fungi", "mycorrhizae", "soil microbial activity", "Soil fungal communicity structure and taxonomy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda, Laura B., Creamer, Rachel, Allaphilippe, Aude,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/407328"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/407328", "name": "item", "description": "10261/407328", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/407328"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10451/49481", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:24:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-12", "title": "Does Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Determine Soil Microbial Functionality in Nutrient-Limited Mediterranean Arid Ecosystems?", "description": "

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are determinant for the performance of plant communities and for the functionality of terrestrial ecosystems. In natural ecosystems, grazing can have a major impact on mycorrhizal fungi and consequently on plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the statements referred above in Mediterranean arid areas in Tunisia. Root samples and rhizosphere soils of five dominant herbaceous plants were studied at six distinct arid sites differing on soil proprieties and grazing intensity. At each site, chemical and dynamic properties of the soil were characterized as well as the AMF colonization intensity and the soil functionality. Results showed that the mycorrhizal frequency and intensity and spore density, varied between plants in the same site and, for each plant, between sites and evidenced a positive effect of mycorrhized plants on soil microbial activity. Grazing and soil properties strongly affected AMF composition and the soil microbial and biochemical dynamics, which presented the lowest values at the sites with the highest grazing intensities. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that AMF improve soil biological properties, supporting the hypothesis that mycorrhiza and grazing compete for plant photosynthates, and highlight the importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis towards soil functionality under arid conditions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "arid areas", "conserved areas", "QH301-705.5", "mycorrhiza", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "grazing", "14. Life underwater", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biology (General)", "15. Life on land", "biological properties"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/6/234/pdf"}, {"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10451/49481/1/Mahmoudi%20et%20al%202020%20-%20Does%20Arbuscular%20Mycorrhiza%20Determine%20Soil%20Microbial%20Functionality%20in%20Nutrient-Limited%20Mediterranean%20Arid%20Ecosystems.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/6/234/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10451/49481"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Diversity", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10451/49481", "name": "item", "description": "10451/49481", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10451/49481"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10481/84643", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:24:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-30", "title": "The Combined Applications of Microbial Inoculants and Organic Fertilizer Improve Plant Growth under Unfavorable Soil Conditions", "description": "

The performance of two bio-inoculants either in single or in combined applications with organic fertilizer was tested to determine their effect on plant growth and yield under normal and unfavorable field conditions such as low pH value and low content of P. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF; three species of Glomus) and the plant-growth-promoting bacterial strain Kosakonia radicincitans DSM16656 were applied to barley in a two-year field experiment with different soil pH levels and available nutrients. Grain yield; contents of P, N, K, and Mg; and soil microbial parameters were measured. Grain yield and the content of nutrients were significantly increased by the applications of mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, AMF, and K. radicincitans, and the combined application of organic fertilizer with AMF and with K. radicincitans over the control under normal growth conditions. Under low-pH and low-P conditions, only the combined application of the organic fertilizer with K. radicincitans and organic fertilizer with AMF could increase the grain yield and content of nutrients of barley over the control.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Yield", "QH301-705.5", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Soil pH", "Article", "Kosakonia radicincitans", "03 medical and health sciences", "organic fertilizer", "Microbial inoculants", "Kosakonia radicincitans", "Biology (General)", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial inoculants; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Kosakonia radicincitans; organic fertilizer; field experiment; soil conditions; soil pH; yield", "soil conditions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Field experiment", "field experiment", "13. Climate action", "Organic fertilizer", "Soil conditions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial inoculants"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1721/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1721/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10481/84643"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10481/84643", "name": "item", "description": "10481/84643", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10481/84643"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:24:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-19", "title": "Application of Mycorrhiza and Soil from a Permaculture System Improved Phosphorus Acquisition in Naranjilla", "description": "Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) is a perennial shrub plant mainly cultivated in Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America where it represents an important cash crop. Current cultivation practices not only cause deforestation and large-scale soil degradation but also make plants highly susceptible to pests and diseases. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can offer a possibility to overcome these problems. AMF can act beneficially in various ways, for example by improving plant nutrition and growth, water relations, soil structure and stability and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the impact of AMF inoculation on growth and nutrition parameters of naranjilla has been assessed. For inoculation three European reference AMF strains (Rhizoglomus irregulare, Claroideoglomus claroideum, and Cetraspora helvetica) and soils originating from three differently managed naranjilla plantations in Ecuador (conventional, organic, and permaculture) have been used. This allowed for a comparison of the performance of exotic AMF strains (reference strains) versus native consortia contained in the three soils used as inocula. To study fungal communities present in the three soils, trap cultures have been established using naranjilla as host plant. The community structures of AMF and other fungi inhabiting the roots of trap cultured naranjilla were assessed using next generation sequencing (NGS) methods. The growth response experiment has shown that two of the three reference AMF strains, a mixture of the three and soil from a permaculture site led to significantly better acquisition of phosphorus (up to 104%) compared to uninoculated controls. These results suggest that the use of AMF strains and local soils as inoculants represent a valid approach to improve nutrient uptake efficiency of naranjilla and consequently to reduce inputs of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation process. Improved phosphorus acquisition after inoculation with permaculture soil might have been caused by a higher abundance of AMF and the presence of Piriformospora indica as revealed by NGS. A higher frequency of AMF and enhanced root colonization rates in the trap cultures supplemented with permaculture soil highlight the importance of diverse agricultural systems for soil quality and crop production.", "keywords": ["next generation sequencing", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "permaculture", "0303 health sciences", "Piriformospora indica", "Plant culture", "naranjilla", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "fungal communities", "Life sciences", "SB1-1110", "Biologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale (sciences v\u00e9g\u00e9tales", " sylviculture", " mycologie...)", "03 medical and health sciences", "Sciences du vivant", "naranjilla", " arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", " fungal communities", " Piriformospora indica", " farming practices", " permaculture", " next generation sequencing", "farming practices", "Phytobiology (plant sciences", " forestry", " mycology...)", "Sciences exactes et naturelles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/290284/1/Symanczik%20et%20al%202017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/333899/1/doi_317543.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899", "name": "item", "description": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3124284276", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:25:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-23", "title": "Inconsistent effects of agricultural practices on soil fungal communities across 12 European long\u2010term experiments", "description": "Abstract

Cropping practices have a great potential to improve soil quality through changes in soil biota. Yet the effects of these soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90improving cropping systems on soil fungal communities are not well known. Here, we analysed soil fungal communities using standardized measurements in 12 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments across Europe. We were interested in whether the same practices (i.e., tillage, fertilization, organic amendments and cover crops) applied across different sites have predictable and repeatable effects on soil fungal communities and guilds. The fungal communities were very variable across sites located in different soil types and climatic regions. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were the fungal guild with most unique species in individual sites, whereas plant pathogenic fungi were most shared between the sites. The fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently in different sites and only fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi, whereas the responses to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site, soil and crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90species specific. We further show that the crop yield is negatively affected by cropping practices aimed at improving soil health. Yet, we show that these practices have the potential to change the fungal communities and that change in plant pathogenic fungi and in AMF is linked to the yield. We further link the soil fungal community and guilds to soil abiotic characteristics and reveal that especially Mn, K, Mg and pH affect the composition of fungi across sites. In summary, we show that fungal communities vary considerably between sites and that there are no clear directional responses in fungi or fungal guilds across sites to soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90improving cropping systems, but that the responses vary based on soil abiotic conditions, crop type and climatic conditions.

Highlights

Soil fungi were analysed using standardized measurements in 12 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments

Fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently at different sites

Only reduced fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi, whereas the responses to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site specific.

Fungal community structure varied significantly between sites, crops and climate conditions; therefore, more cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90site studies are needed in order to manage beneficial soil fungi in agricultural systems.

Rapidly growing global populations mandate greater crop productivity despite increasingly scarce natural resources, including freshwater. The adoption of sustainable agricultural practices seek to address such issues, but an unintended consequence is the exposure of agricultural soils and associated biota to emerging contaminants including azole pharmaceutical antifungals. We show that environmentally relevant exposure to three commonly prescribed azole antifungals can reduce mycorrhizal 33P transfer from the soil into the host plant. This suggests that exposure to azoles may have a significant impact on mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated transfer of nutrients in soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant systems. Understanding the unintended consequences of sustainable agricultural practices is needed to ensure the security and safety of future food production systems.

Summary

Sustainable farming practices are increasingly necessary to meet the demands of a growing population under constraints imposed by climate change. These practices, in particular the reuse of wastewater and amending soil with wastewater derived biosolids, provide a pathway for man\uffe2\uff80\uff90made chemicals to enter the agricultural environment.

Among the chemicals commonly detected in wastewater and biosolids are pharmaceutical azole antifungals. Fungi, in particular mycorrhiza\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming fungal symbionts of plant roots, are key drivers of nutrient cycling in the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant system. As such, greater understanding of the impacts of azole antifungal exposure in agricultural systems is urgently needed.

We exposed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Skyfall\uffe2\uff80\uff99) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to environmentally relevant concentrations of three azole antifungals (clotrimazole, miconazole nitrate and fluconazole). We traced the mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquired 33P from the soil into the host plant in contaminated versus non\uffe2\uff80\uff90contaminated soils and found 33P transfer from mycorrhizal fungi to host plants was reduced in soils containing antifungals. This represents a potentially major disruption to soil nutrient flows as a result of soil contamination.

Our work raises the major issue of exposure of soil biota to pharmaceuticals such as azole antifungals, introduced via sustainable agricultural practices, as a potentially globally important disruptive influence on soil nutrient cycles. The impacts of these compounds on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target organisms, beneficial mycorrhizal fungi in particular, could have major implications on security and sustainability of future food systems.