{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-26", "title": "Poor Efficacy Of Herbicides In Biochar-Amended Soils As Affected By Their Chemistry And Mode Of Action", "description": "We evaluated wheat straw biochar produced at 450\u00b0C for its ability to influence bioavailability and persistence of two commonly used herbicides (atrazine and trifluralin) with different modes of action (photosynthesis versus root tip mitosis inhibitors) in two contrasting soils. The biochar was added to soils at 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% (w/w) and the herbicides were applied to those soil-biochar mixes at nil, half, full, two times, and four times, the recommended dosage (H(4)). Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) was grown in biochar amended soils for 1 month. Biochar had a positive impact on ryegrass survival rate and above-ground biomass at most of the application rates, and particularly at H(4). Within any given biochar treatment, increasing herbicide application decreased the survival rate and fresh weight of above-ground biomass. Biomass production across the biochar treatment gradient significantly differed (p<0.01) and was more pronounced in the case of atrazine than trifluralin. For example, the dose-response analysis showed that in the presence of 1% biochar in soil, the value of GR(50) (i.e. the dose required to reduce weed biomass by 50%) for atrazine increased by 3.5 times, whereas it increased only by a factor of 1.6 in the case of trifluralin. The combination of the chemical properties and the mode of action governed the extent of biochar-induced reduction in bioavailability of herbicides. The greater biomass of ryegrass in the soil containing the highest biochar (despite having the highest herbicide residues) demonstrates decreased bioavailability of the chemicals caused by the wheat straw biochar. This work clearly demonstrates decreased efficacy of herbicides in biochar amended soils. The role played by herbicide chemistry and mode of action will have major implications in choosing the appropriate application rates for biochar amended soils.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Bioavailability", "Herbicides", "Bound residue", "Weed control", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry", "6. Clean water", "Trifluralin", "Persistence", "Biochar", "Soil", "Charcoal", "Lolium", "Atrazine", "Biomass", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-12", "title": "A meta-analysis of pesticide loss in runoff under conventional tillage and no-till management", "description": "Global agricultural intensification has led to increased pesticide use (37-fold from 1960 to 2005) and soil erosion (14% since 2000). Conservation tillage, including no-till (NT), has been proposed as an alternative to conventional plow till (PT) to mitigate soil erosion, but past studies have reported mixed results on the effect of conservation tillage on pesticide loss. To explore the underlying factors of these differences, a meta-analysis was conducted using published data on pesticide concentration and load in agricultural runoff from NT and PT fields. Peer-reviewed articles (1985-2016) were compiled to build a database for analysis. Contrary to expectations, results showed greater concentration of atrazine, cyanazine, dicamba, and simazine in runoff from NT than PT fields. Further, we observed greater load of dicamba and metribuzin, but reduced load of alachlor from NT fields. Overall, the concentration and the load of pesticides were greater in runoff from NT fields, especially pesticides with high solubility and low affinity for solids. Thus, NT farming affects soil properties that control pesticide retention and interactions with soils, and ultimately their mobility in the environment. Future research is needed for a more complete understanding of pesticide-soil interactions in NT systems. This research could inform the selection of pesticides by farmers and improve the predictive power of pesticide transport models.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Triazines", "solubility", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "octanol-water partition coefficient", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Acetamides", "tillage", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Atrazine", "Pesticides", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.053", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-03", "title": "Impacts Of Woodchip Biochar Additions On Greenhouse Gas Production And Sorption/Degradation Of Two Herbicides In A Minnesota Soil", "description": "A potential abatement to increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in the atmosphere is the use of pyrolysis to convert vegetative biomass into a more stable form of carbon (biochar) that could then be applied to the soil. However, the impacts of pyrolysis biochar on the soil system need to be assessed before initiating large scale biochar applications to agricultural fields. We compared CO(2) respiration, nitrous oxide (N(2)O) production, methane (CH(4)) oxidation and herbicide retention and transformation through laboratory incubations at field capacity in a Minnesota soil (Waukegan silt loam) with and without added biochar. CO(2) originating from the biochar needs to be subtracted from the soil-biochar combination in order to elucidate the impact of biochar on soil respiration. After this correction, biochar amendments reduced CO(2) production for all amendment levels tested (2, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60% w/w; corresponding to 24-720 tha(-1) field application rates). In addition, biochar additions suppressed N(2)O production at all levels. However, these reductions were only significant at biochar amendment levels >20% w/w. Biochar additions also significantly suppressed ambient CH(4) oxidation at all levels compared to unamended soil. The addition of biochar (5% w/w) to soil increased the sorption of atrazine and acetochlor compared to non-amended soils, resulting in decreased dissipation rates of these herbicides. The recalcitrance of the biochar suggests that it could be a viable carbon sequestration strategy, and might provide substantial net greenhouse gas benefits if the reductions in N(2)O production are lasting.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Toluidines", "Herbicides", "Minnesota", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Atrazine", "Adsorption", "Gases", "Methane", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.053"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.053", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.053", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.053"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.13031/2013.13599", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-22", "title": "Effectiveness Of Vegetated Buffer Strips In Reducing Pesticide Transport In Simulated Runoff", "description": "Several processes take place within vegetated buffer strips that affect their performance. To better understand  these processes, a runoff study was conducted to evaluate vegetated buffer strips performance in reducing atrazine,  metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos transport as affected by the drainage area to buffer strip area ratio. The simulated runoff water  mixed with pesticide\u2013treated soil was distributed onto six vegetated buffer strips, each 1.52 m wide . 20.12 m long, located  downslope of the inflow distribution tank in a well established vegetated grassed waterway. These strips provided for three  replications of two inflow rates designated as \u201cdrainage area/buffer strip area ratio treatments\u201d of 15:1 and 30:1. Infiltration  for the 15:1 treatment averaged 38.8% of the inflow volume, whereas it averaged 30.4% for the 30:1 treatment. Sediment  retention efficiencies averaged 90.1% and 86.8% for the 15:1 and 30:1 treatments, respectively. Concentrations of atrazine  and metolachlor associated with sediment outflows from the strips were larger than their respective inflow concentrations,  while the results were opposite for chlorpyrifos. Concentrations in runoff water for both atrazine and metolachlor in outflow  from the strips were smaller than the inflow concentrations; again, the results were opposite for chlorpyrifos. The 15:1  treatment retained an average of 52.5% of the total input of atrazine, 54.4% of metolachlor, and 83.1% of chlorpyrifos.  Corresponding numbers for the 30:1 treatment were 46.8% for atrazine, 48.1% for metolachlor, and 76.9% for chlorpyrifos.  Analysis of variance using the randomized block design showed that differences of percent retention of pesticide between  treatments were not significant for any of the three pesticides at the 10% significance level. A lack of significant difference  indicates either a need for more than three replications and/or larger area ratio treatments to be studied. The results of this  study indicate that a 30:1 area ratio buffer strip could perform equally as well as a 15:1 area ratio buffer strip. Thus, less  land would be required under buffer strips to get the desired results.", "keywords": ["Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering", "Runoff", "Agriculture", "Buffer strips", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Filter strips", "6. Clean water", "Metolachlor", "Pesticide", "Water quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Atrazine", "Chlorpyrifos", "Herbicide", "Best management practices", "Insecticide", "Simulation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Arora, Kapil, Mickelson, Steven, Baker, James,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.13599"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Transactions%20of%20the%20ASAE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.13031/2013.13599", "name": "item", "description": "10.13031/2013.13599", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.13031/2013.13599"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0476", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-28", "title": "Tillage System, Application Rate, And Extreme Event Effects On Herbicide Losses In Surface Runoff", "description": "ABSTRACT<p>Conservation tillage can reduce soil loss; however, the residual herbicides normally used to control weeds are often detected in surface runoff at high levels, particularly if runoff\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing storms occur shortly after application. Therefore, we measured losses of alachlor, atrazine, linuron, and metribuzin from seven small (0.45\uffe2\uff80\uff930.79\uffe2\uff80\uff90ha) watersheds for 9 yr (1993\uffe2\uff80\uff932001) to investigate whether a reduced\uffe2\uff80\uff90input system for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production with light disking, cultivation, and half\uffe2\uff80\uff90rate herbicide applications could reduce losses compared with chisel and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till. As a percentage of application, annual losses were highest for all herbicides for no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and similar for chisel and reduced\uffe2\uff80\uff90input. Atrazine was the most frequently detected herbicide and yearly flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted concentrations exceeded the drinking water standard of 3 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 20 out of 27 watershed years that it was applied. Averaged for 9 corn yr, yearly flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted atrazine concentrations were 26.3, 9.6, and 8.3 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, chisel, and reduced\uffe2\uff80\uff90input, respectively. Similarly, flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted concentrations of alachlor exceeded the drinking water standard of 2 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 23 out of 54 application years and in all treatments. Thus, while banding and half\uffe2\uff80\uff90rate applications as part of a reduced\uffe2\uff80\uff90input management practice reduced herbicide loss, concentrations of some herbicides may still be a concern. For all watersheds, 60 to 99% of herbicide loss was due to the five largest transport events during the 9\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. Thus, regardless of tillage practice, a small number of runoff events, usually shortly after herbicide application, dominated herbicide transport.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glycine max", "Herbicides", "Triazines", "Rain", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Kinetics", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "Acetamides", "Water Movements", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Atrazine", "Linuron", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0476"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0476", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0476", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0476"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Atrazine&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Atrazine&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Atrazine&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Atrazine&offset=5", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 5, "numberReturned": 5, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T09:18:53.267759Z"}