Increasing temperatures and a reduction in the frequency and severity of freezing events have been linked to species distribution shifts. Across the globe, mangrove ranges are expanding toward higher latitudes, likely due to diminishing frequency of freezing events associated with climate change. Continued warming will alter coastal wetland plant dynamics both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground, potentially altering plant capacity to keep up with sea level rise. We conducted an in situ warming experiment, in northeast Florida, to determine how increased temperature (+2\uffc2\uffb0C) influences co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring mangrove and salt marsh plants. Warming was achieved using passive warming with three treatment levels (ambient, shade control, warmed). Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, exhibited no differences in growth or height due to experimental warming, but displayed a warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in leaf production (48%). Surprisingly, Distichlis spicata, the dominant salt marsh grass, increased in biomass (53% in 2013 and 70% in 2014), density (41%) and height (18%) with warming during summer months. Warming decreased plant root mass at depth and changed abundances of anaerobic bacterial taxa. Even while the poleward shift of mangroves is clearly controlled by the occurrences of severe freezes, chronic warming between these freeze events may slow the progression of mangrove dominance within ecotones.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "Wetlands", "Florida", "Avicennia", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-09", "title": "Mangrove Growth In New Zealand Estuaries: The Role Of Nutrient Enrichment At Sites With Contrasting Rates Of Sedimentation", "description": "Mangrove forest coverage is increasing in the estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, causing changes in estuarine ecosystem structure and function. Sedimentation and associated nutrient enrichment have been proposed to be factors leading to increases in mangrove cover, but the relative importance of each of these factors is unknown. We conducted a fertilization study in estuaries with different sedimentation histories in order to determine the role of nutrient enrichment in stimulating mangrove growth and forest development. We expected that if mangroves were nutrient-limited, nutrient enrichment would lead to increases in mangrove growth and forest structure and that nutrient enrichment of trees in our site with low sedimentation would give rise to trees and sediments that converged in terms of functional characteristics on control sites in our high sedimentation site. The effects of fertilizing with nitrogen (N) varied among sites and across the intertidal zone, with enhancements in growth, photosynthetic carbon gain, N resorption prior to leaf senescence and the leaf area index of canopies being significantly greater at the high sedimentation sites than at the low sedimentation sites, and in landward dwarf trees compared to seaward fringing trees. Sediment respiration (CO(2) efflux) was higher at the high sedimentation site than at the low one sedimentation site, but it was not significantly affected by fertilization, suggesting that the high sedimentation site supported greater bacterial mineralization of sediment carbon. Nutrient enrichment of the coastal zone has a role in facilitating the expansion of mangroves in estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, but this effect is secondary to that of sedimentation, which increases habitat area and stimulates growth. In estuaries with high sediment loads, enrichment with N will cause greater mangrove growth and further changes in ecosystem function.", "keywords": ["nutrient resorption efficiency", "Whangapoua", "0106 biological sciences", "Geologic Sediments", "Nitrogen", "Performance", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "Rhizophora-mangle", "C1", "Oxygen Consumption", "Plant-growth", "Herbivory", "Photosynthesis", "Deposition", "Ecosystem", "580", "photosynthesis", "Avicenna marina", "Ecology", "leaf area index", "Plant Stems", "Phosphorus", "Soil respiration", "Limitation", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "Leaf area index", "770400 Coastal and Estuarine Environment", "Nutrient resorption efficiency", "Waikopua", "Avicennia", "Seasons", "270402 Plant Physiology", "New Zealand"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-002-1117-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-22", "title": "Nitrogen Limitation Of Growth And Nutrient Dynamics In A Disturbed Mangrove Forest, Indian River Lagoon, Florida", "description": "The objectives of this study were to determine effects of nutrient enrichment on plant growth, nutrient dynamics, and photosynthesis in a disturbed mangrove forest in an abandoned mosquito impoundment in Florida. Impounding altered the hydrology and soil chemistry of the site. In 1997, we established a factorial experiment along a tree-height gradient with three zones, i.e., fringe, transition, dwarf, and three fertilizer treatment levels, i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), control, in Mosquito Impoundment 23 on the eastern side of Indian River. Transects traversed the forest perpendicular to the shoreline, from a Rhizophora mangle-dominated fringe through an Avicennia germinans stand of intermediate height, and into a scrub or dwarf stand of A. germinans in the hinterland. Growth rates increased significantly in response to N fertilization. Our growth data indicated that this site is N-limited along the tree-height gradient. After 2 years of N addition, dwarf trees resembled vigorously growing saplings. Addition of N also affected internal dynamics of N and P and caused increases in rates of photosynthesis. These findings contrast with results for a R. mangle-dominated forest in Belize where the fringe is N-limited, but the dwarf zone is P-limited and the transition zone is co-limited by N and P. This study demonstrated that patterns of nutrient limitation in mangrove ecosystems are complex, that not all processes respond similarly to the same nutrient, and that similar habitats are not limited by the same nutrient when different mangrove forests are compared.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Leaves", "Nitrogen", "Fresh-water", "Electron-transport", "01 natural sciences", "Rhizophora-mangle", "Trees", "Sediments", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "Plant-growth", "0502 Environmental Science and Management", "phosphorus", "Photosynthesis", "Vs. Phosphorus Limitation", "Patterns", "Ecosystem", "disturbance", "580", "photosynthesis", "Ecology", "experiment", "Phosphorus", "15. Life on land", "Belize", "Use Efficiency", "Plant Leaves", "fertilization", "Florida", "resorption", "Gradient", "Avicennia"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1117-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-002-1117-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-002-1117-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-002-1117-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-14", "title": "Variable Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Soil Respiration In Mangrove Forests", "description": "Mangrove forests are globally important sites of carbon burial that are increasingly exposed to nutrient pollution. Here we assessed the response of soil respiration, an important component of forest carbon budgets, to nutrient enrichment over a wide range of mangrove forests. We assessed the response of soil respiration to nutrient enrichment using fertilization experiments within 22 mangrove forests over ten sites. We used boosted regression tree (BRT) models to determine the importance of environmental and plant factors for soil respiration and its responsiveness to fertilizer treatments. Leaf area index explained the largest proportion of variation in soil respiration rates (LAI, 45.9\u00a0%) followed by those of site, which had a relative influence of 39.9\u00a0% in the BRT model. Nutrient enrichment enhanced soil respiration only in nine out of 22 forests. Soil respiration in scrub forests showed a positive response to nutrient addition more frequently than taller fringing forests. The response of soil respiration to nutrient enrichment varied with changes in specific leaf area (SLA) and stem extension, with relative influences of 14.4\u00a0%, 13.6\u00a0% in the BRT model respectively. Soil respiration in mangroves varied with LAI, but other site specific factors also influenced soil respiration and its response to nutrient enrichment. Strong enhancements in aboveground growth but moderate increases in soil respiration with nutrient enrichment indicated that nutrient enrichment of mangrove forests has likely increased net ecosystem production.", "keywords": ["Rhizophora", "Carbon cycling", "0106 biological sciences", "Salinity", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Growth", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "1110 Plant Science", "8. Economic growth", "Avicennia", "1111 Soil Science", "Soil CO2 efflux"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0125404", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-06", "title": "The Contribution Of Mangrove Expansion To Salt Marsh Loss On The Texas Gulf Coast", "description": "Landscape-level shifts in plant species distribution and abundance can fundamentally change the ecology of an ecosystem. Such shifts are occurring within mangrove-marsh ecotones, where over the last few decades, relatively mild winters have led to mangrove expansion into areas previously occupied by salt marsh plants. On the Texas (USA) coast of the western Gulf of Mexico, most cases of mangrove expansion have been documented within specific bays or watersheds. Based on this body of relatively small-scale work and broader global patterns of mangrove expansion, we hypothesized that there has been a recent regional-level displacement of salt marshes by mangroves. We classified Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images using artificial neural networks to quantify black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) expansion and salt marsh (Spartina alterniflora and other grass and forb species) loss over 20 years across the entire Texas coast. Between 1990 and 2010, mangrove area grew by 16.1 km(2), a 74% increase. Concurrently, salt marsh area decreased by 77.8 km(2), a 24% net loss. Only 6% of that loss was attributable to mangrove expansion; most salt marsh was lost due to conversion to tidal flats or water, likely a result of relative sea level rise. Our research confirmed that mangroves are expanding and, in some instances, displacing salt marshes at certain locations. However, this shift is not widespread when analyzed at a larger, regional level. Rather, local, relative sea level rise was indirectly implicated as another important driver causing regional-level salt marsh loss. Climate change is expected to accelerate both sea level rise and mangrove expansion; these mechanisms are likely to interact synergistically and contribute to salt marsh loss.", "keywords": ["Satellite Imagery", "0106 biological sciences", "Science", "Climate Change", "Marshes", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Image Interpretation", " Computer-Assisted", "11. Sustainability", "14. Life underwater", "Mangrove swamps", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Gulf of Mexico", "Artificial neural networks", "Winter", "Q", "R", "15. Life on land", "Texas", "Habitats", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Medicine", "Avicennia", "Seasons", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Armitage, Anna R., Highfield, Wesley E., Brody, Samuel D., Louchouarn, Patrick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125404"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0125404", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0125404", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0125404"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/13-0640.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-09", "title": "Carbon Stocks Of Intact Mangroves And Carbon Emissions Arising From Their Conversion In The Dominican Republic", "description": "Mangroves are recognized to possess a variety of ecosystem services including high rates of carbon sequestration and storage. Deforestation and conversion of these ecosystems continue to be high and have been predicted to result in significant carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Yet few studies have quantified the carbon stocks or losses associated with conversion of these ecosystems. In this study we quantified the ecosystem carbon stocks of three common mangrove types of the Caribbean as well as those of abandoned shrimp ponds in areas formerly occupied by mangrove\uffe2\uff80\uff94a common land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use conversion of mangroves throughout the world. In the mangroves of the Montecristi Province in Northwest Dominican Republic we found C stocks ranged from 706 to 1131 Mg/ha. The medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90statured mangroves (3\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 m in height) had the highest C stocks while the tall (>10 m) mangroves had the lowest ecosystem carbon storage. Carbon stocks of the low mangrove (shrub) type (<3 m) were relatively high due to the presence of carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich soils as deep as 2 m. Carbon stocks of abandoned shrimp ponds were 95 Mg/ha or \uffe2\uff88\uffbc11% that of the mangroves. Using a stock\uffe2\uff80\uff90change approach, the potential emissions from the conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds ranged from 2244 to 3799 Mg CO2e/ha (CO2 equivalents). This is among the largest measured C emissions from land use in the tropics. The 6260 ha of mangroves and converted mangroves in the Montecristi Province are estimated to contain 3\uffe2\uff80\uff8a841\uffe2\uff80\uff8a490 Mg of C. Mangroves represented 76% of this area but currently store 97% of the carbon in this coastal wetland (3\uffe2\uff80\uff8a696\uffe2\uff80\uff8a722 Mg C). Converted lands store only 4% of the total ecosystem C (144\uffe2\uff80\uff8a778 Mg C) while they comprised 24% of the area. By these metrics the replacement of mangroves with shrimp and salt ponds has resulted in estimated emissions from this region totaling 3.8 million Mg CO2e or \uffe2\uff88\uffbc21% of the total C prior to conversion. Given the high C stocks of mangroves, the high emissions from their conversion, and the other important functions and services they provide, their inclusion in climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change mitigation strategies is warranted.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "carbon", "mangroves", "Climate Change", "Dominican Republic", "land use", "Water", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "mitigation", "Soil", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "emission", "Rhizophoraceae", "Avicennia", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kauffman, J.B., Heider, C., Norfolk, J., Payton, F.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0640.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/13-0640.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/13-0640.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/13-0640.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.17042320", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:24:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic matter along an intertidal gradient in semi-arid mangrove soils (New Caledonia)", "description": "This dataset contains measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and quality in semi-arid mangrove soils along an intertidal gradient (salt-flat, Avicennia marina stand, Rhizophora stylosa stand) in New Caledonia. Soil and porewater samples were collected during both wet and dry seasons and analyzed for physicochemical parameters, total and dissolved organic carbon (TOC, DOC), chromophoric and fluorescent DOM (CDOM, FDOM) composition. Data are provided in Excel format. These measurements support the analysis presented in the submitted manuscript to Biogeosciences and document DOM dynamics across mangrove habitats under contrasting seasonal conditions.", "keywords": ["Rhizophora stylosa", "Photochemistry", "salt-flat", "Fluorescence spectroscopy", "Porewater", "Avicennia marina"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mouras, Na\u00efna, Marchand, Cyril, Mathian, Maximilien, Lemonnier, Hugues,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17042320"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.17042320", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.17042320", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.17042320"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-09-03T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Avicennia&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Avicennia&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Avicennia&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Avicennia&offset=7", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 7, "numberReturned": 7, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-28T15:57:48.750569Z"}