{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-20", "title": "The Greenhouse Gas Value Of Ecosystems", "description": "As society faces the urgent need to mitigate climate change, it is critical to understand how various ecosystems contribute to the climate, and to express these contributions in terms that are meaningful to policymakers, economists, land managers, and other nonscience interest holders. Efforts to mitigate climate change call for quantification of the full greenhouse gas (GHG) effects of land use decisions, yet we lack an appropriate metric of the full GHG implications of maintaining a given ecosystem over a multiple year time frame. Here, we propose the concept of greenhouse gas value (GHGV) of ecosystems, which accounts for potential GHG release upon clearing of stored organic matter, annual GHG flux, and probable GHG exchanges resulting from disturbance. It treats these ecosystem\u2010 atmosphere exchanges in a time-sensitive manner, thereby providing an appropriate framework for computing of the GHG consequences of any land use decision. To illustrate this concept, we provide estimates of the GHGVof various biome types (based on data compiled from the literature), disturbance regimes, and decisions on the treatment of time. We show that natural ecosystems generally have high GHGV\u2019s, whereas managed ecosystems generally have lower or negative GHGV\u2019s; that GHGV decreases with increasing probability of disturbance, and that decisions on the treatment of time can be important, affecting some ecosystem types more strongly than others. In addition, we show how GHGV may be used to quantify the full GHG effects of land-use or land-cover change in a thorough and rigorous manner. Finally, we provide comparisons of GHGV to other major paradigms for valuing the GHG contributions of ecosystems, showing that \u2010 for many purposes \u2010 GHGV is the most appropriate method of quantifying the GHG services of ecosystems.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02294.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-15", "title": "Taller And Larger: Shifts In Arctic Tundra Leaf Traits After 16 Years Of Experimental Warming", "description": "Abstract

Understanding plant trait responses to elevated temperatures in the Arctic is critical in light of recent and continuing climate change, especially because these traits act as key mechanisms in climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90vegetation feedbacks. Since 1992, we have artificially warmed three plant communities at Alexandra Fiord, Nunavut, Canada (79\uffc2\uffb0N). In each of the communities, we used open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers (OTCs) to passively warm vegetation by 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C. In the summer of 2008, we investigated the intraspecific trait responses of five key species to 16 years of continuous warming. We examined eight traits that quantify different aspects of plant performance: leaf size, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), plant height, leaf carbon concentration, leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf carbon isotope discrimination (LCID), and leaf \uffce\uffb415N. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term artificial warming affected five traits, including at least one trait in every species studied. The evergreen shrub Cassiope tetragona responded most frequently (increased leaf size and plant height/decreased SLA, leaf carbon concentration, and LCID), followed by the deciduous shrub Salix arctica (increased leaf size and plant height/decreased SLA) and the evergreen shrub Dryas integrifolia (increased leaf size and plant height/decreased LCID), the forb Oxyria digyna (increased leaf size and plant height), and the sedge Eriophorum angustifolium spp. triste (decreased leaf carbon concentration). Warming did not affect \uffce\uffb415N, leaf nitrogen concentration, or LDMC. Overall, growth traits were more sensitive to warming than leaf chemistry traits. Notably, we found that responses to warming were sustained, even after many years of treatment. Our work suggests that tundra plants in the High Arctic will show a multifaceted response to warming, often including taller shoots with larger leaves.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gregory H. R. Henry, William K. Cornwell, James M G Hudson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02294.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02294.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02294.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02294.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02295.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-21", "title": "The Carbon Costs Of Mitigating High-Severity Wildfire In Southwestern Ponderosa Pine", "description": "Forests provide climate change mitigation benefit by sequestering carbon during growth. This benefit can be reversed by both human and natural disturbances. While some disturbances such as hurricanes are beyond the control of humans, extensive research in dry, temperate forests indicates that wildfire severity can be altered as a function of forest fuels and stand structural manipulations. The purpose of this study was to determine if current aboveground forest carbon stocks in fire-excluded southwestern ponderosa pine forest are higher than prefire exclusion carbon stocks reconstructed from 1876, quantify the carbon costs of thinning treatments to reduce high-severity wildfire risk, and compare posttreatment (thinning and burning) carbon stocks with reconstructed 1876 carbon stocks. Our findings indicate that prefire exclusion forest carbon stocks ranged from 27.9 to 36.6 Mg C ha 1 and that the current fire-excluded forest structure contained on average 2.3 times as much live tree carbon. Posttreatment carbon stocks ranged from 37.9 to 50.6 Mg C ha 1 as a function of thinning intensity. Previous work found that these thinning and burning treatments substantially increased the 6.1 m wind speed necessary for fire to move from the forest floor to the canopy (torching index) and the wind speed necessary for sustained crown fire (crowning index), thereby reducing potential fire severity. Given the projected drying and increase in fire prevalence in this region as a function of changing climatic conditions, the higher carbon stock in the fire-excluded forest is unlikely to be sustainable. Treatments to reduce high-severity wildfire risk require trade-offs between carbon stock size and carbon stock stability.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02295.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02295.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02295.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02295.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-01", "title": "Drought-Resistant Fungi Control Soil Organic Matter Decomposition And Its Response To Temperature", "description": "Microbial-mediated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) ultimately makes a considerable contribution to soil respiration, which is typically the main source of CO2 arising from terrestrial ecosystems. Despite this central role in the decomposition of SOM, few studies have been conducted on how climate change may affect the soil microbial community and, furthermore, on how possible climate-change induced alterations in the ecology of microbial communities may affect soil CO2 emissions. Here we present the results of a seasonal study on soil microbial community structure, SOM decomposition and its temperature sensitivity in two representative Mediterranean ecosystems where precipitation/throughfall exclusion has taken place during the last 10 years. Bacterial and fungal diversity was estimated using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Our results show that fungal diversity was less sensitive to seasonal changes in moisture, temperature and plant activity than bacterial diversity. On the other hand, fungal communities showed the ability to dynamically adapt throughout the seasons. Fungi also coped better with the 10 years of precipitation/throughfall exclusion compared with bacteria. The high resistance of fungal diversity to changes with respect to bacteria may open the controversy as to whether future 'drier conditions' for Mediterranean regions might favor fungal dominated microbial communities. Finally, our results indicate that the fungal community exerted a strong influence over the temporal and spatial variability of SOM decomposition and its sensitivity to temperature. The results, therefore, highlight the important role of fungi in the decomposition of terrestrial SOM, especially under the harsh environmental conditions of Mediterranean ecosystems, for which models predict even drier conditions in the future.", "keywords": ["Diversity", "Diversitat", "Bacteria", "Drought", "Q10", "Soil organic matter decomposition", "Descomposici\u00f3 de la Mat\u00e8ria Org\u00e1nica del S\u00f2l", "Fungi", "Sequera", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Canvi clim\u00e1ticas", "15. Life on land", "Bacteris", "Descomposici\u00f3 de la mat\u00e8ria org\u00e0nica del s\u00f2l", "Fongs", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "Fong", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-29", "title": "Long-Term Experimental Manipulation Of Climate Alters The Ectomycorrhizal Community Of Betula Nana In Arctic Tundra", "description": "Climate warming is leading to shrub expansion in Arctic tundra. Shrubs form ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with soil fungi that are central to ecosystem carbon balance as determinants of plant community structure and as decomposers of soil organic matter. To assess potential climate change impacts on ECM communities, we analysed fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences from ECM root tips of the dominant tundra shrub Betula nana growing in treatments plots that had received long-term warming by greenhouses and/or fertilization as part of the Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research experiment at Toolik Lake Alaska, USA. We demonstrate opposing effects of long-term warming and fertilization treatments on ECM fungal diversity; with warming increasing and fertilization reducing the diversity of ECM communities. We show that warming leads to a significant increase in high biomass fungi with proteolytic capacity, especially Cortinarius spp., and a reduction of fungi with high affinities for labile N, especially Russula spp. In contrast, fertilization treatments led to relatively small changes in the composition of the ECM community, but increased the abundance of saprotrophs. Our data suggest that warming profoundly alters nutrient cycling in tundra, and may facilitate the expansion of B. nana through the formation of mycorrhizal networks of larger size.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02363.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-15", "title": "Effect Of Precipitation Variability On Net Primary Production And Soil Respiration In A Chihuahuan Desert Grassland", "description": "Precipitation regimes are predicted to become more variable with more extreme rainfall events punctuated by longer intervening dry periods. Water-limited ecosystems are likely to be highly responsive to altered precipitation regimes. The bucket model predicts that increased precipitation variability will reduce soil moisture stress and increase primary productivity and soil respiration in aridland ecosystems. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally altered the size and frequency of precipitation events during the summer monsoon (July through September) in 2007 and 2008 in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland in central New Mexico, USA. Treatments included (1) ambient rain, (2) ambient rain plus one 20mm rain event each month, and (3) ambient rain plus four 5mm rain events each month. Throughout two monsoon seasons, we measured soil temperature, soil moisture content (y), soil respiration (Rs), along with leaf-level photosynthesis (Anet), predawn leaf water potential (Cpd), and seasonal aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of the dominant C4 grass, Bouteloua eriopoda. Treatment plots receiving a single large rainfall event each month maintained significantly higher seasonal soil y which corresponded with a significant increase in Rs and ANPP of B. eriopoda when compared with plots receiving multiple small events. Because the strength of these patterns differed between years, we propose a modification of the bucket model in which both the mean and variance of soil water change as a consequence of interannual variability from 1 year to the next. Our results demonstrate that aridland ecosystems are highly sensitive to increased precipitation variability, and that more extreme precipitation events will likely have a positive impact on some aridland ecosystem processes important for the carbon cycle.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02363.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02363.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02363.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02363.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-25", "title": "Fungal Community Composition And Function After Long-Term Exposure Of Northern Forests To Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Tropospheric O-3", "description": "The long-term effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric O3 concentrations on fungal communities in soil are not well understood. Here, we examine fungal community composition and the activities of cellobiohydrolase and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) after 10 years of exposure to 1.5 times ambient levels of CO2 and O3 in aspen and aspen-birch forest ecosystems, and compare these results to earlier studies in the same long-term experiment.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Elevated Ozone", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Long\u2010Term", "Enzyme Activities", "Elevated Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "FACE", "13. Climate action", "Fungal Communities"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02424.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-21", "title": "Impacts Of Multiple Extreme Winter Warming Events On Sub-Arctic Heathland: Phenology, Reproduction, Growth, And Co2 Flux Responses", "description": "Abstract

Extreme weather events can have strong negative impacts on species survival and community structure when surpassing lethal thresholds. Extreme, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived, winter warming events in the Arctic rapidly melt snow and expose ecosystems to unseasonably warm air (for instance, 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C for 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9314 days) but upon return to normal winter climate exposes the ecosystem to much colder temperatures due to the loss of insulating snow. Single events have been shown to reduce plant reproduction and increase shoot mortality, but impacts of multiple events are little understood as are the broader impacts on community structure, growth, carbon balance, and nutrient cycling. To address these issues, we simulated week\uffe2\uff80\uff90long extreme winter warming events \uffe2\uff80\uff93 using infrared heating lamps and soil warming cables \uffe2\uff80\uff93 for 3 consecutive years in a sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Arctic heathland dominated by the dwarf shrubsEmpetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium vitis\uffe2\uff80\uff90idaea(both evergreen) andVaccinium myrtillus(deciduous). During the growing seasons after the second and third winter event, spring bud burst was delayed by up to a week forE. hermaphroditumandV. myrtillus, and berry production reduced by 11\uffe2\uff80\uff9375% and 52\uffe2\uff80\uff9395% forE. hermaphroditumandV. myrtillus, respectively. Greater shoot mortality occurred inE. hermaphroditum(up to 52%),V. vitis\uffe2\uff80\uff90idaea(51%), andV. myrtillus(80%). Root growth was reduced by more than 25% but soil nutrient availability remained unaffected. Gross primary productivity was reduced by more than 50% in the summer following the third simulation. Overall, the extent of damage was considerable, and critically plant responses were opposite in direction to the increased growth seen in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term summer warming simulations and the \uffe2\uff80\uff98greening\uffe2\uff80\uff99 seen for some arctic regions. Given the Arctic is warming more in winter than summer, and extreme events are predicted to become more frequent, this generates large uncertainty in our current understanding of arctic ecosystem responses to climate change.

", "keywords": ["flowering phenology", "0106 biological sciences", "extreme events", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "arctic", "winter warming", "nutrient cycling", "GPP", "15. Life on land", "dwarf shrub", "01 natural sciences", "SDG 15 - Life on Land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02424.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02424.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02424.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02424.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02407.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-01", "title": "Bryophytes Attenuate Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs In Boreal Forests", "description": "Productivity in boreal ecosystems is primarily limited by available soil nitrogen (N), and there is substantial interest in understanding whether deposition of anthropogenically derived reactive nitrogen (Nr) results in greater N availability to woody vegetation, which could result in greater carbon (C) sequestration. One factor that may limit the acquisition of Nr by woody plants is the presence of bryophytes, which are a significant C and N pool, and a location where associative cyanobacterial N-fixation occurs. Using a replicated stand-scale N-addition experiment (five levels: 0, 3, 6, 12, and 50\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121; n=6) in the boreal zone of northern Sweden, we tested the hypothesis that sequestration of Nr into bryophyte tissues, and downregulation of N-fixation would attenuate Nr inputs, and thereby limit anthropogenic Nr acquisition by woody plants. Our data showed that N-fixation per unit moss mass and per unit area sharply decreased with increasing N addition. Additionally, the tissue N concentrations of Pleuorzium schreberi increased and its biomass decreased with increasing N addition. This response to increasing N addition caused the P. schreberi N pool to be stable at all but the highest N addition rate, where it significantly decreased. The combined effects of changed N-fixation and P. schreberi biomass N accounted for 56.7% of cumulative Nr additions at the lowest Nr addition rate, but only a minor fraction for all other treatments. This \u2018bryophyte effect\u2019 can in part explain why soil inorganic N availability and acquisition by woody plants (indicated by their \u03b415N signatures) remained unchanged up to N addition rates of 12\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 or greater. Finally, we demonstrate that approximately 71.8% of the boreal forest experiences Nr deposition rates at or below 3\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121, suggesting that bryophytes likely limit woody plant acquisition of ambient anthropogenic Nr inputs throughout a majority of the boreal forest.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02407.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02407.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02407.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02407.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02423.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-21", "title": "Plant Community Responses To Nitrogen Addition And Increased Precipitation: The Importance Of Water Availability And Species Traits", "description": "Abstract

Global nitrogen (N) enrichment and changing precipitation regimes are likely to alter plant community structure and composition, with consequent influences on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Responses of plant community structure and composition to N addition and increased precipitation were examined in a temperate steppe in northern China. Increased precipitation and N addition stimulated and suppressed community species richness, respectively, across 6 years (2005\uffe2\uff80\uff932010) of the manipulative experiment. N addition and increased precipitation significantly altered plant community structure and composition at functional groups levels. The significant relationship between species richness and soil moisture (SM) suggests that plant community structure is mediated by water under changing environmental conditions. In addition, plant height played an important role in affecting the responses of plant communities to N addition, and the effects of increased precipitation on plant community were dependent on species rooting depth. Our results highlight the importance and complexity of both abiotic (SM) and biotic factors (species traits) in structuring plant community under changing environmental scenarios. These findings indicate that knowledge of species traits can contribute to mechanistic understanding and projection of vegetation dynamics in response to future environmental change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02423.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02423.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02423.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02423.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-06", "title": "Can Differences In Microbial Abundances Help Explain Enhanced N2o Emissions In A Permanent Grassland Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2?", "description": "Abstract

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on the ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria in a grassland soil were investigated to test whether a shift in abundance of these N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling microorganisms was responsible for enhanced N2O emissions under elevated atmospheric CO2. Soil samples (7.5\uffc2\uffa0cm increments to 45\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) were collected in 2008 from the University of Giessen Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (GiFACE), a permanent grassland exposed to moderately elevated atmospheric CO2 (+20%) since 1998. GiFACE plots lay on a soil moisture gradient because of gradually changing depth to the underlying water table and labeled as the DRY block (furthest from water table), MED block (intermediate to water table), and WET block (nearest to water table). Mean N2O emissions measured since 1998 have been significantly higher under elevated CO2. This study sought to identify microbial and biochemical parameters that might explain higher N2O emissions under elevated CO2. Soil biochemical parameters [extractable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NH4+, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92], and abundances of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in ammonia oxidation (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS, nosZ) depended more on soil depth and block (underlying soil moisture gradient) than on elevated CO2. Ammonia oxidation and denitrification gene abundances, relative abundances (ratios) of nirS to nirK, of nosZ to both nirS and to nirK, and of the measured soil biochemical properties DON and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 tended to be lower in elevated CO2 plots as compared with ambient plots in the MED and WET blocks while the DRY block exhibited an opposite trend. High N2O emissions under elevated CO2 in the MED and WET blocks correlated with lower nosZ to nirK ratios, suggesting that increased N2O emissions under elevated CO2 might be caused by a higher proportion of N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing rather than N2O consuming (N2 producing) denitrifiers.

", "keywords": ["nirS", "2. Zero hunger", "N2O emissions", "denitrification", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "AOA", "6. Clean water", "AOB", "soil", "Enrichissement en gaz carbonique", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Concentration \u00e9lev\u00e9e en CO2", "nosZ", "FACE", "13. Climate action", "ammonia oxidation", "nirK", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02516.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-03", "title": "Effects Of Soil Moisture On The Temperature Sensitivity Of Heterotrophic Respiration Vary Seasonally In An Old-Field Climate Change Experiment", "description": "Abstract

Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter produces a major flux of CO2 from terrestrial ecosystems and can act as a feedback to climate change. Although climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon models suggest that warming will accelerate the release of CO2 from soils, the magnitude of this feedback is uncertain, mostly due to uncertainty in the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition. We examined how warming and altered precipitation affected the rate and temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration (Rh) at the Boston\uffe2\uff80\uff90Area Climate Experiment, in Massachusetts, USA. We measured Rh inside deep collars that excluded plant roots and litter inputs. In this mesic ecosystem, Rh responded strongly to precipitation. Drought reduced Rh, both annually and during the growing season. Warming increased Rh only in early spring. During the summer, when Rh was highest, we found evidence of threshold, hysteretic responses to soil moisture: Rh decreased sharply when volumetric soil moisture dropped below ~15% or exceeded ~26%, but Rh increased more gradually when soil moisture rose from the lower threshold. The effect of climate treatments on the temperature sensitivity of Rh depended on the season. Apparent Q10 decreased with high warming (~3.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) in spring and fall. Presumably due to limiting soil moisture, warming and precipitation treatments did not affect apparent Q10 in summer. Drought decreased apparent Q10 in fall compared to ambient and wet precipitation treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first field study to examine the response of Rh and its temperature sensitivity to the combined effects of warming and altered precipitation. Our results highlight the complex responses of Rh to soil moisture, and to our knowledge identify for the first time the seasonal variation in the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration in the field. We emphasize the importance of adequately simulating responses such as these when modeling trajectories of soil carbon stocks under climate change scenarios.

", "keywords": ["apparent Q10", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial respiration", "warming", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "precipitation", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02516.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02516.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02516.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02516.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02494.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-05", "title": "Carbon (Delta C-13) And Nitrogen (Delta N-15) Stable Isotope Composition In Plant And Soil In Southern Patagonia'S Native Forests", "description": "Abstract

Stable isotope natural abundance measurements integrate across several biogeochemical processes in ecosystem N and C dynamics. Here, we report trends in natural isotope abundance (\uffce\uffb413C and \uffce\uffb415N in plant and soil) along a climosequence of 33 Nothofagus forest stands located within Patagonia, Southern Argentina. We measured 28 different abiotic variables (both climatic variables and soil properties) to characterize environmental conditions at each of the 33 sites. Foliar \uffce\uffb413C values ranged from \uffe2\uff88\uff9235.4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 to \uffe2\uff88\uff9227.7\uffe2\uff80\uffb0, and correlated positively with foliar \uffce\uffb415N values, ranging from \uffe2\uff88\uff923.7\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 to 5.2\uffe2\uff80\uffb0. Soil \uffce\uffb413C and \uffce\uffb415N values reflected the isotopic trends of the foliar tissues and ranged from \uffe2\uff88\uff9229.8\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 to \uffe2\uff88\uff9225.3\uffe2\uff80\uffb0, and \uffe2\uff88\uff924.8\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 to 6.4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0, respectively, with no significant differences between Nothofagus species (Nothofagus pumilio, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus betuloides). Principal component analysis and multiple regressions suggested that mainly water availability variables (mean annual precipitation), but not soil properties, explained between 42% and 79% of the variations in foliar and soil \uffce\uffb413C and \uffce\uffb415N natural abundance, which declined with increased moisture supply. We conclude that a decline in water use efficiency at wetter sites promotes both the depletion of heavy C and N isotopes in soil and plant biomass. Soil \uffce\uffb413C values were higher than those of the plant tissues and this difference increased as annual precipitation increased. No such differences were apparent when \uffce\uffb415N values in soil and plant were compared, which indicates that climatic differences contributed more to the overall C balance than to the overall N balance in these forest ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02494.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02494.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02494.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02494.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02528.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-20", "title": "Large Herbivores Limit Co2 Uptake And Suppress Carbon Cycle Responses To Warming In West Greenland", "description": "Abstract

Changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle may ameliorate or exacerbate future climatic warming. Research on this topic has focused almost exclusively on abiotic drivers, whereas biotic factors, including trophic interactions, have received comparatively little attention. We quantified the singular and interactive effects of herbivore exclusion and simulated warming on ecosystem CO2 exchange over two consecutive growing seasons in West Greenland. Exclusion of caribou and muskoxen over the past 8\uffc2\uffa0years has led to dramatic increases in shrub cover, leaf area, ecosystem photosynthesis, and a nearly threefold increase in net C uptake. These responses were accentuated by warming, but only in the absence of herbivores. Carbon cycle responses to herbivore exclusion alone and combined with warming were driven by changes in gross ecosystem photosynthesis, as limited differences in ecosystem respiration were observed. Our results show that large herbivores can be of critical importance as mediators of arctic ecosystem responses to climate change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02528.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02528.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02528.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02528.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02555.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-27", "title": "Global Change Belowground: Impacts Of Elevated Co2, Nitrogen, And Summer Drought On Soil Food Webs And Biodiversity", "description": "Abstract

The world's ecosystems are subjected to various anthropogenic global change agents, such as enrichment of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, nitrogen (N) deposition, and changes in precipitation regimes. Despite the increasing appreciation that the consequences of impending global change can be better understood if varying agents are studied in concert, there is a paucity of multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90factor long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies, particularly on belowground processes. Herein, we address this gap by examining the responses of soil food webs and biodiversity to enrichment of CO2, elevated N, and summer drought in a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term grassland study at Cedar Creek, Minnesota, USA (BioCON experiment). We use structural equation modeling (SEM), various abiotic and biotic explanatory variables, and data on soil microorganisms, protozoa, nematodes, and soil microarthropods to identify the impacts of multiple global change effects on drivers belowground. We found that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (13\uffe2\uff80\uff90year) changes in CO2 and N availability resulted in modest alterations of soil biotic food webs and biodiversity via several mechanisms, encompassing soil water availability, plant productivity, and \uffe2\uff80\uff93 most importantly \uffe2\uff80\uff93 changes in rhizodeposition. Four years of manipulation of summer drought exerted surprisingly minor effects, only detrimentally affecting belowground herbivores and ciliate protists at elevated N. Elevated CO2 increased microbial biomass and the density of ciliates, microarthropod detritivores, and gamasid mites, most likely by fueling soil food webs with labile C. Moreover, beneficial bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up effects of elevated CO2 compensated for detrimental elevated N effects on soil microarthropod taxa richness. In contrast, nematode taxa richness was lowest at elevated CO2 and elevated N. Thus, enrichment of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and N deposition may result in taxonomically and functionally altered, potentially simplified, soil communities. Detrimental effects of N deposition on soil biodiversity underscore recent reports on plant community simplification. This is of particular concern, as soils house a considerable fraction of global biodiversity and ecosystem functions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "protozoa", "belowground interactions", "13. Climate action", "nematodes", "aboveground interactions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "grassland", "15. Life on land", "bioCON", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02555.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02555.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02555.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02555.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02584.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-24", "title": "No Growth Stimulation By Co2 Enrichment In Alpine Glacier Forefield Plants", "description": "Abstract

Since 1850, glaciers in the European Alps have lost around 40% of their original area, releasing bare forefields, which are colonized by alpine pioneer species, setting the scene for later successional stages. These expanding pioneer communities are likely less restricted by resources and competition than late\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional systems. We thus hypothesized that rising atmospheric CO2 concentration will enhance plant growth in these high\uffe2\uff80\uff90elevation communities. Nine characteristic, perennial glacier forefield species were assembled in microcosms and grown at a nearby experimental site in the Swiss Alps (2440\uffc2\uffa0m a.s.l.). The communities were exposed to an elevated CO2 concentration of 580\uffc2\uffa0ppm by free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment for three seasons. Four study species were additionally grown in isolation in containers, half of which received a low dose of mineral fertilizer (25 kg N ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901 a\uffe2\uff80\uff901) in order to explore a potential nutrient limitation of the CO2 response. Responses of growth dynamics and peak season biomass of the two graminoid species, four forbs and three cushion forming species were analysed by repeated nondestructive assessments and a final biomass harvest. After three seasons, none of the species were stimulated by elevated CO2, irrespective of mineral nutrient addition, which by itself enhanced growth in the fertilized plants by +34% on average. Increased CO2 concentration did not affect total (above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 plus belowground) biomass but reduced aboveground biomass by \uffe2\uff88\uff9235% across all species, even in the fast growing ones. This reduced aboveground biomass was associated with higher biomass partitioning to roots. Foliar nonstructural carbohydrate concentration increased and nitrogen concentration in leaves decreased under elevated CO2. We observed downward adjustment of photosynthetic capacity by on average \uffe2\uff88\uff9226% under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term exposure to 580\uffc2\uffa0ppm CO2 (assessed in graminoids only). Our results indicate that glacier forefield pioneers, growing under harsh climatic conditions are not carbon limited at current atmospheric CO2 concentration.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02584.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02584.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02584.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02584.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01565.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-29", "title": "Weed Interference In Maize, Cowpea And Maize/Cowpea Intercrop In A Subhumid Tropical Environment. Ii. Early Growth And Nutrient Content Of Crops And Weeds", "description": "Summary:

Early growth and nutrient content of crops and weeds from weed\uffe2\uff80\uff90free and weedy no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage maize (Zea mays L, cv. TZB), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. cv. VITA\uffe2\uff80\uff905) and maize/cowpea intercrop at populations of 40000, 50000 and 30000 + 40000 plants ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 grown on a loamysand Oxic Ustropept in a subhumid tropical location were monitored in the early and late 1979 cropping seasons. In the first 6 weeks of growth in the early season, cropping pattern had no effect on weed growth; weeds did not suppress crop growth significantly until 5\uffe2\uff80\uff936 weeks after sowing and total crop dry weights were not affected by cropping pattern. Three weeks after sowing, weeds from weedy crop plots had taken up two to four times as much nutrient (N, P, K, Ca + Mg) as was taken up by corresponding weed\uffe2\uff80\uff90free crops. In the late season, weed dry weight 6 weeks after sowing was depressed in the intercrop compared to monocultures and dry\uffe2\uff80\uff90matter production of the intercrop was higher than those of monocultures. The resource use index (RUI), defined as the amount of an environmental resource used by a weed\uffe2\uff80\uff90free crop divided by the combined amount of the same resource used by the corresponding weedy crop and the associated weeds, increased with age of crop and was higher for the intercrop than the monocultures only in the late season.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "I. O. Akobundu, Albert O. Ayeni, W. B. Duke,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01565.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01565.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01565.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01565.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1984-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.2006.00218.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-18", "title": "Yield, Boll Distribution And Fibre Quality Of Hybrid Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) As Influenced By Organic And Modern Methods Of Cultivation", "description": "Abstract

India is the largest cotton\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing country (8.9\uffe2\uff80\uff83million hectares) in the world and most of the area is rain\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent. Large amount of pesticides are used for the control of sucking pests and lepidopterans. Increasing demand for clean organic fibre has led to an interest in organic cotton. However, information on the effects of organic cultivation on fibre quality is limited. Seed cotton yield and fibre quality (length, strength, micronaire and uniformity) were determined for an organic and modern method of cultivation during 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83years (2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932003 to 2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932005) of a 11\uffe2\uff80\uff90year (1994\uffe2\uff80\uff931995 to 2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932005) study. Vertical and horizontal distribution of bolls on a cotton plant was also determined in 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932004 and 2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932005. At the end of year 11, soil samples were collected and analysed for soil organic carbon content, water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregates (%), and mean weight diameter. Averaged over 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83years, an additional 94\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg seed cotton ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was produced in the organic over the modern method of cultivation and the difference was significant. The year\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83treatment interaction was significant. Seed cotton yield in the organic plots was significantly greater than the modern method of cultivation plots in 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932004 because of a well\uffe2\uff80\uff90distributed normal rainfall and low pest incidence. The main stem nodes 13\uffe2\uff80\uff9322 accounted for the largest numbers of bolls present on the plant. Plants of the organic plots had significantly (37\uffe2\uff80\uff9371\uffe2\uff80\uff83%) more bolls on nodes 13\uffe2\uff80\uff9327 than those for the plants of the modern method of cultivation. Lateral distribution of bolls on a sympodial (fruiting) branch, was noticed up to fruiting point 11. However, treatment differences were not significant. With regard to fibre quality (length, strength, fineness and uniformity), differences between years were significant. Inferior quality fibre was produced in 2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932005 because of delayed planting and early cessation of rain. On average, cotton grown under organic conditions compared with the modern method of cultivation had significantly better fibre length (25.1 vs. 24.0\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm) and strength (18.8 vs. 17.9\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83tex\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Soil samples of the organic plots had significantly greater C content, water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregates and mean weight diameter than the modern method of cultivation plots. Differences were restricted to the top layers (0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.1 and 0.1\uffe2\uff80\uff930.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83m). Yield benefits of growing cotton in an organic system over the modern method of cultivation are expected to be greater in years receiving normal rainfall and having low pest incidence.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D. Blaise", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.2006.00218.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agronomy%20and%20Crop%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.2006.00218.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.2006.00218.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1439-037x.2006.00218.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-24", "title": "High Nitrogen Deposition Alters The Decomposition Of Bog Plant Litter And Reduces Carbon Accumulation", "description": "Abstract

Bogs are globally important sinks of atmospheric carbon (C) due to the accumulation of partially decomposed litter that forms peat. Because bogs receive their nutrients from the atmosphere, the world\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide increase of nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to affect litter decomposition and, ultimately, the rate of C accumulation. However, the mechanism of such biogeochemical alteration remains unclear and quantification of the effect of N addition on litter accumulation has yet to be done. Here, we show that 7\uffc2\uffa0years of N addition to a bog decreased the C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N ratio, increased the bacterial biomass and stimulated the activity of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in surface peat. Furthermore, N addition modified nutrient limitation of microbes during litter decomposition so that phosphorus became a primary limiting nutrient. Alteration of N release from decomposing litter affected bog water chemistry and the competitive balance between peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses and vascular plants. We estimate that deposition of about 4 g\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 will cause a mean annual reduction of fresh litter C accumulation of about 40\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 primarily as a consequence of decreased litter production from peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses. Our findings show that N deposition interacts with both above and below ground components of biodiversity to threaten the ability of bogs to act as N\uffe2\uff80\uff90sinks, which may offset the positive effects of N on C accumulation seen in other ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["570", "Decomposition; litter accumulation modelling; microbial diversity; peatland; primary production; soil enzymatic activity; Sphagnum; vascular plants", "decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "litter accumulation modelling", "soil enzymatic activity", "15. Life on land", "S phagnum", "13. Climate action", "microbial diversity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "vascular plants", "primary production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02626.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-06", "title": "Interactive Responses Of Old-Field Plant Growth And Composition To Warming And Precipitation", "description": "Abstract

As Earth's atmosphere accumulates carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, Earth's climate is expected to warm and precipitation patterns will likely change. The manner in which terrestrial ecosystems respond to climatic changes will in turn affect the rate of climate change. Here we describe responses of an old\uffe2\uff80\uff90field herbaceous community to a factorial combination of four levels of warming (up to 4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) and three precipitation regimes (drought, ambient and rain addition) over 2\uffc2\uffa0years. Warming suppressed total production, shoot production, and species richness, but only in the drought treatment. Root production did not respond to warming, but drought stimulated the growth of deeper (>\uffc2\uffa010\uffc2\uffa0cm) roots by 121% in 1\uffc2\uffa0year. Warming and precipitation treatments both affected functional group composition, with C4 grasses and other annual and biennial species entering the C3 perennial\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated community in ambient rainfall and rain addition treatments as well as in warmed treatments. Our results suggest that, in this mesic system, expected changes in temperature or large changes in precipitation alone can alter functional composition, but they have little effect on total herbaceous plant growth. However, drought limits the capacity of the entire system to withstand warming. The relative insensitivity of our study system to climate suggests that the herbaceous component of old\uffe2\uff80\uff90field communities will not dramatically increase production in response to warming or precipitation change, and so it is unlikely to provide either substantial increases in forage production or a meaningful negative feedback to climate change later this century.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02626.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02626.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02626.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02626.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02618.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-03", "title": "Quantifying Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Land-Use Change For Crop Production", "description": "Abstract

Many assessments of product carbon footprint (PCF) for agricultural products omit emissions arising from land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change (LUC). In this study, we developed a framework based on IPCC national greenhouse gas inventory methodologies to assess the impacts of LUC from crop production using oil palm, soybean and oilseed rape as examples. Using ecological zone, climate and soil types from the top 20 producing countries, calculated emissions for transitions from natural vegetation to cropland on mineral soils under typical management ranged from \uffe2\uff88\uff924.5 to 29.4\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 over 20\uffc2\uffa0years for oil palm and 1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff9347.5\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 over 20\uffc2\uffa0years for soybeans. Oilseed rape showed similar results to soybeans, but with lower maximum values because it is mainly grown in areas with lower C stocks. GHG emissions from other land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use transitions were between 62% and 95% lower than those from natural vegetation for the arable crops, while conversions to oil palm were a sink for C. LUC emissions were considered on a national basis and also expressed per\uffe2\uff80\uff90tonne\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90oil\uffe2\uff80\uff90produced. Weighted global averages indicate that, depending on the land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use transition, oil crop production on newly converted land contributes between \uffe2\uff88\uff923.1 and 7.0\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0oil production\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for palm oil, 11.9\uffe2\uff80\uff9350.6\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0oil production\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for soybean oil, and 7.7\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.4\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0oil production\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for rapeseed oil. Assumptions made about crop and LUC distribution within countries contributed up to 66% error around the global averages for natural vegetation conversions. Uncertainty around biomass and soil C stocks were also examined. Finer resolution data and information (particularly on land management and yield) could improve reliability of the estimates but the framework can be used in all global regions and represents an important step forward for including LUC emissions in PCFs.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02618.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02618.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02618.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02618.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-10", "title": "Four Years Of Experimental Climate Change Modifies The Microbial Drivers Of N2o Fluxes In An Upland Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract

Emissions of the trace gas nitrous oxide (N2O) play an important role for the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone depletion, but the impacts of climate change on N2O fluxes and the underlying microbial drivers remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sustained climate change on field N2O fluxes and associated microbial enzymatic activities, microbial population abundance and community diversity in an extensively managed, upland grassland. We recorded N2O fluxes, nitrification and denitrification, microbial population size involved in these processes and community structure of nitrite reducers (nirK) in a grassland exposed for 4\uffc2\uffa0years to elevated atmospheric CO2 (+200\uffc2\uffa0ppm), elevated temperature (+3.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) and reduction of summer precipitations (\uffe2\uff88\uff9220%) as part of a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, multifactor climate change experiment. Our results showed that both warming and simultaneous application of warming, summer drought and elevated CO2 had a positive effect on N2O fluxes, nitrification, N2O release by denitrification and the population size of N2O reducers and NH4 oxidizers. In situ N2O fluxes showed a stronger correlation with microbial population size under warmed conditions compared with the control site. Specific lineages of nirK denitrifier communities responded significantly to temperature. In addition, nirK community composition showed significant changes in response to drought. Path analysis explained more than 85% of in situ N2O fluxes variance by soil temperature, denitrification activity and specific denitrifying lineages. Overall, our study underlines that climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in grassland N2O emissions reflect climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in microbial community structure, which in turn modify microbial processes.

", "keywords": ["d\u00e9nitrification", "Biodiversit\u00e9 et Ecologie", "551", "AOB", "diversity", "Biodiversity and Ecology", "nosZ", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "nirK", "Milieux et Changements globaux", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "denitrification", "grasslands", "N2O", "prairie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "AOB;changement climatique;d\u00e9nitrification;diversit\u00e9;prairie;N2O;nitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "environment/Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/halsde-00722571/file/Cantarel_gcb12_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02732.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-11", "title": "Long-Term Nitrogen Additions Increase Likelihood Of Climate Stress And Affect Recovery From Wildfire In A Lowland Heath", "description": "Abstract

Increases in the emissions and associated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) have the potential to cause significant changes to the structure and function of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited ecosystems. Here, we present the results of a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (13\uffc2\uffa0year) experiment assessing the impacts of N addition (30\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on a UK lowland heathland under a wide range of environmental conditions, including the occurrence of prolonged natural drought episodes and a severe summer fire. Our findings indicate that elevated N deposition results in large, persistent effects on Calluna growth, phenology and chemistry, severe suppression of understorey lichen flora and changes in soil biogeochemistry. Growing season rainfall was found to be a strong driver of inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90annual variation in Calluna growth and, although interactions between N and rainfall for shoot growth were not significant until the later phase of the experiment, N addition exacerbated the extent of drought injury to Calluna shoots following naturally occurring droughts in 2003 and 2009. Following a severe wildfire at the experimental site in 2006, heathland regeneration dynamics were significantly affected by N, with a greater abundance of pioneering moss species and suppression of the lichen flora in plots receiving N additions. Significant interactions between climate and N were also apparent post fire, with the characteristic stimulation in Calluna growth in +N plots suppressed during dry years. Carbon (C) and N budgets demonstrate large increases in both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground stocks of these elements in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated plots prior to the fire, despite higher levels of soil microbial activity and organic matter turnover. Although much of the organic material was removed during the fire, pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90existing treatment differences were still evident following the burn. Post fire accumulation of below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground C and N stocks was increased rapidly in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated plots, highlighting the role of N deposition in ecosystem C sequestration.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "droughts", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "bushfires", "6. Clean water", "climatic changes", "eutrophication", "13. Climate action", "wildfires", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02732.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02732.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02732.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02732.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02764.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-17", "title": "Temperature Adaptation Of Bacterial Communities In Experimentally Warmed Forest Soils", "description": "Abstract

A detailed understanding of the influence of temperature on soil microbial activity is critical to predict future atmospheric CO2 concentrations and feedbacks to anthropogenic warming. We investigated soils exposed to 3\uffe2\uff80\uff934\uffc2\uffa0years of continuous 5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming in a field experiment in a temperate forest. We found that an index for the temperature adaptation of the microbial community, Tmin for bacterial growth, increased by 0.19\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C per 1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C rise in temperature, showing a community shift towards one adapted to higher temperature with a higher temperature sensitivity (Q10(5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) increased by 0.08 units per 1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C). Using continuously measured temperature data from the field experiment we modelled in situ bacterial growth. Assuming that warming did not affect resource availability, bacterial growth was modelled to become 60% higher in warmed compared to the control plots, with the effect of temperature adaptation of the community only having a small effect on overall bacterial growth (<5%). However, 3\uffc2\uffa0years of warming decreased bacterial growth, most likely due to substrate depletion because of the initially higher growth in warmed plots. When this was factored in, the result was similar rates of modelled in situ bacterial growth in warmed and control plots after 3\uffc2\uffa0years, despite the temperature difference. We conclude that although temperature adaptation for bacterial growth to higher temperatures was detectable, its influence on annual bacterial growth was minor, and overshadowed by the direct temperature effect on growth rates.

", "keywords": ["Q10", "temperature adaptation", "13. Climate action", "leucine incorporation", "soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "bacterial growth", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "minimum temperature"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02764.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02764.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02764.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02764.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-28", "title": "Increasing Soil Methane Sink Along A 120-Year Afforestation Chronosequence Is Driven By Soil Moisture", "description": "Abstract

Upland soils are important sinks for atmospheric methane (CH4), a process essentially driven by methanotrophic bacteria. Soil CH4 uptake often depends on land use, with afforestation generally increasing the soil CH4 sink. However, the mechanisms driving these changes are not well understood to date. We measured soil CH4 and N2O fluxes along an afforestation chronosequence with Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) established on an extensively grazed subalpine pasture. Our experimental design included forest stands with ages ranging from 25 to >120\uffc2\uffa0years and included a factorial cattle urine addition treatment to test for the sensitivity of soil CH4 uptake to N application. Mean CH4 uptake significantly increased with stand age on all sampling dates. In contrast, CH4 oxidation by sieved soils incubated in the laboratory did not show a similar age dependency. Soil CH4 uptake was unrelated to soil N status (but cattle urine additions stimulated N2O emission). Our data indicated that soil CH4 uptake in older forest stands was driven by reduced soil water content, which resulted in a facilitated diffusion of atmospheric CH4 into soils. The lower soil moisture likely resulted from increased interception and/or evapotranspiration in the older forest stands. This mechanism contrasts alternative explanations focusing on nitrogen dynamics or the composition of methanotrophic communities, although these factors also might be at play. Our findings further imply that the current dramatic increase in forested area increases CH4 uptake in alpine regions.

", "keywords": ["2300 General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "13. Climate action", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "2306 Global and Planetary Change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "2303 Ecology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00781.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-01", "title": "Foliar N/P Ratio And Nutrient Limitation To Vegetation Growth On Keerqin Sandy Grassland Of North-East China", "description": "Abstract

To examine whether the critical leaf N/P ratios (of 14, 16) are valid to test nutrient limitation in the context of semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid sandy grasslands, an experiment was conducted on a Keerqin sandy grassland in North\uffe2\uff80\uff90east China to investigate the responses of plant biomass and nutrient concentrations to fertilization. Plant biomass production and leaf nutrient concentrations were measured after five consecutive years of fertilization with N (20\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and/or P (10\uffe2\uff80\uff83g P2O5\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Nitrogen fertilization increased the shoot biomass by twofold and consequently the shoot/root ratio, whereas P fertilization had little effect on either shoot biomass or shoot/root ratio. Leaf N/P ratio varied among species with an average of 5\uffc2\uffb76 in the control, while the mean leaf N/P ratio (7\uffc2\uffb75) under the N fertilization treatment remained below the threshold of 14. Our results suggest that the critical N/P ratio (14, 16) is not applicable as a test for nutrient limitations in the context of semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid, sandy grassland.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00781.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Grass%20and%20Forage%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00781.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00781.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00781.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01184.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-23", "title": "The Effect Of Fire Season, Fire Frequency, Rainfall And Management On Fire Intensity In Savanna Vegetation In South Africa", "description": "Summary

Fire is important for the maintenance and conservation of African savanna ecosystems. Despite the importance of fire intensity as a key element of the fire regime, it is seldom measured or included in fire records.

We estimated fire intensity in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, by documenting fuel loads, fuel moisture contents, rates of fire spread and the heat yields of fuel in 956 experimental plot burns over 21\uffc2\uffa0years.

Individual fires were conducted in five different months (February, April, August, October and December) and at five different return intervals (1, 2, 3, 4 and 6\uffc2\uffa0years). Estimated fire intensities ranged from 28 to 17\uffc2\uffa0905\uffc2\uffa0kW m\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Fire season had a significant effect on fire intensity. Mean fire intensities were lowest in summer fires (1225\uffc2\uffa0kW m\uffe2\uff88\uff921), increased in autumn fires (1724\uffc2\uffa0kW m\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and highest in winter fires (2314\uffc2\uffa0kW m\uffe2\uff88\uff921); they were associated with a threefold difference between the mean moisture content of grass fuels in winter (28%) and summer (88%).

Mean fuel loads increased with post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire age, from 2964\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 on annually burnt plots to 3972\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 on biennial, triennial and quadrennial burnt plots (which did not differ significantly), but decreased to 2881\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 on sexennial burnt plots. Fuel loads also increased with increasing rainfall over the previous 2 years.

Mean fire intensities showed no significant differences between annual burns and burns in the biennial, triennial and quadrennial categories, despite lower fuel loads in annual burns, suggesting that seasonal fuel moisture effects overrode those of fuel load. Mean fire intensity in sexennial burns was less than half that of other burns (638 vs. 1969\uffc2\uffa0kW m\uffe2\uff88\uff921).

We used relationships between season of fire, fuel loads and fire intensity in conjunction with the park's fire records to reconstruct broad fire intensity regimes. Changes in management from regular prescribed burning to \uffe2\uff80\uff98natural\uffe2\uff80\uff99 fires over the past four decades have resulted in a decrease in moderate\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensity fires and an increase in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensity fires.

The highest fire intensities measured in our study (11\uffc2\uffa0000 \uffe2\uff80\uff93 >\uffc2\uffa017\uffc2\uffa0500\uffc2\uffa0kW m\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were significantly higher than those previously reported for African savannas, but were similar to those in South American cerrado vegetation. The mean fire intensity for late dry season (winter) fires in our study was less than half that reported for late dry season fires in savannas in northern Australia.

Synthesis and applications. Fire intensity has important effects on savanna vegetation, especially on the dynamics of the tree layer. Fire intensity varies with season (because of differences in fuel moisture) as well as with fuel load. Managers of African savannas can manipulate fire intensity by choosing the season of fire, and further by burning in years with higher or lower fuel loads. The basic relationships described here can also be used to enhance fire records, with a view to building a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term data set for the ongoing assessment of the effectiveness of fire management.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Brian W. Van Wilgen, W.S.W. Trollope, Navashni Govender,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01184.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01184.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01184.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01184.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02749.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-24", "title": "Experimental Litterfall Manipulation Drives Large And Rapid Changes In Soil Carbon Cycling In A Wet Tropical Forest", "description": "Abstract

Global changes such as variations in plant net primary production are likely to drive shifts in leaf litterfall inputs to forest soils, but the effects of such changes on soil carbon (C) cycling and storage remain largely unknown, especially in C\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich tropical forest ecosystems. We initiated a leaf litterfall manipulation experiment in a tropical rain forest in Costa Rica to test the sensitivity of surface soil C pools and fluxes to different litter inputs. After only 2\uffc2\uffa0years of treatment, doubling litterfall inputs increased surface soil C concentrations by 31%, removing litter from the forest floor drove a 26% reduction over the same time period, and these changes in soil C concentrations were associated with variations in dissolved organic matter fluxes, fine root biomass, microbial biomass, soil moisture, and nutrient fluxes. However, the litter manipulations had only small effects on soil organic C (SOC) chemistry, suggesting that changes in C cycling, nutrient cycling, and microbial processes in response to litter manipulation reflect shifts in the quantity rather than quality of SOC. The manipulation also affected soil CO 2 fluxes; the relative decline in CO 2 production was greater in the litter removal plots (\uffe2\uff88\uff9222%) than the increase in the litter addition plots (+15%). Our analysis showed that variations in CO 2 fluxes were strongly correlated with microbial biomass pools, soil C and nitrogen (N) pools, soil inorganic P fluxes, dissolved organic C fluxes, and fine root biomass. Together, our data suggest that shifts in leaf litter inputs in response to localized human disturbances and global environmental change could have rapid and important consequences for belowground C storage and fluxes in tropical rain forests, and highlight differences between tropical and temperate ecosystems, where belowground C cycling responses to changes in litterfall are generally slower and more subtle.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil biogeochemistry", "microbial biomass", "soil nitrogen", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "dissolved organic matter", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "soil carbon chemistry", "root biomass", "13. Climate action", "soil phosphorus", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "net primary productivity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02749.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02749.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02749.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02749.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02794.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-28", "title": "Acidity Controls On Dissolved Organic Carbon Mobility In Organic Soils", "description": "Abstract

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in surface waters have increased across much of Europe and North America, with implications for the terrestrial carbon balance, aquatic ecosystem functioning, water treatment costs and human health. Over the past decade, many hypotheses have been put forward to explain this phenomenon, from changing climate and land management to eutrophication and acid deposition. Resolution of this debate has been hindered by a reliance on correlative analyses of time series data, and a lack of robust experimental testing of proposed mechanisms. In a 4 year, four\uffe2\uff80\uff90site replicated field experiment involving both acidifying and deacidifying treatments, we tested the hypothesis that DOC leaching was previously suppressed by high levels of soil acidity in peat and organo\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral soils, and therefore that observed DOC increases a consequence of decreasing soil acidity. We observed a consistent, positive relationship between DOC and acidity change at all sites. Responses were described by similar hyperbolic relationships between standardized changes in DOC and hydrogen ion concentrations at all sites, suggesting potentially general applicability. These relationships explained a substantial proportion of observed changes in peak DOC concentrations in nearby monitoring streams, and application to a UK\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide upland soil pH dataset suggests that recovery from acidification alone could have led to soil solution DOC increases in the range 46\uffe2\uff80\uff93126% by habitat type since 1978. Our findings raise the possibility that changing soil acidity may have wider impacts on ecosystem carbon balances. Decreasing sulphur deposition may be accelerating terrestrial carbon loss, and returning surface waters to a natural, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90DOC condition.

", "keywords": ["550", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic carbon", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "peat", "podzol", "sulphur", "14. Life underwater", "soil carbon", "acidity", "organic soil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3160177/1/GCB%202012.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02794.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02794.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02794.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02794.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00725.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-19", "title": "Short-Term Impact Of Grazing By Sheep On Vegetation Dynamics In A Newly Created Salt-Marsh Site", "description": "Abstract

The effects of grazing by sheep at a stocking density of c. 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83sheep\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from August to April on total vegetation cover, diversity of plant species, above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground plant biomass and concentration of crude protein, neutral\uffe2\uff80\uff90detergent fibre and acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90detergent fibre of salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90marsh vegetation was assessed over a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period on a newly created salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90marsh area on the Belgian coast. Assessments were made in both grazed and ungrazed areas in four elevation zones: low, intermediate, high and floodmark zone. The cover of dominant salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90marsh species (Salicornia europaea, Limonium vulgare and Elymus athericus), plant diversity, plant biomass and chemical composition of herbage were compared between grazed and ungrazed plots, and between 2005 (initial state) and 2007 (after a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year grazing period) using paired t\uffe2\uff80\uff90tests. Grazing by sheep maintained plant diversity in the high zone, whereas diversity decreased in the ungrazed plots. Grazing had no apparent effect on total vegetation cover and composition of the vegetation. Concentration of crude protein in herbage increased and that of neutral\uffe2\uff80\uff90detergent fibre decreased in the high and intermediate zones. Expansion of the dominant species of the high zone, E. athericus, was not affected by the stocking density used in the study.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00725.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Grass%20and%20Forage%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00725.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00725.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00725.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00871.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-12", "title": "Competitive Control Of Invasive Vegetation: A Native Wetland Sedge Suppresses Phalaris Arundinacea In Carbon-Enriched Soil", "description": "Summary

Invasive plants pose a major threat to native plant communities around the globe. Current methods of controlling invasive vegetation focus on eradication of existing populations, and are often effective only in the short term. Manipulating resource availability to give native species a competitive advantage over invasive species could reduce ecosystem vulnerability to invasion and might more effectively control invasive vegetation. We evaluated this approach for controlling invasions of sedge meadow communities by Phalaris arundinacea, a widespread invasive grass in North American wetlands.

To test whether lowering nitrogen (N) availability would allow a wetland sedge, Carex hystericina, to suppress Phalaris competitively, we examined Carex and Phalaris competition under a range of inorganic N concentrations (25\uffe2\uff80\uff93400\uffc2\uffa0mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in a glasshouse. We lowered N availability in wetland soil using carbon enrichment and repeated harvests of a cover crop, and then created a N gradient by applying NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff90N to the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted soil.

In soil without carbon added, competition with Phalaris reduced Carex biomass by 91%, while competition with Carex did not influence Phalaris, as is commonly observed in sedge meadows. Phalaris biomass was five times Carex biomass in mixed stands. Conversely, in soil depleted of available N via carbon enrichment, competition with Carex reduced Phalaris biomass by 82%, while competition with Phalaris reduced Carex biomass by only 32%, indicating that Carex is the superior competitor for N. Carex biomass was six times Phalaris biomass in mixed stands in the carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched soil.

Carbon enrichment lowered soil inorganic N by 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921. NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff90N addition mitigated the negative effects of carbon on Phalaris growth and competitive ability, indicating that carbon enrichment altered competitive outcomes by lowering N availability. Greater Carex N uptake efficiency under N\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor conditions appeared to account for the Carex competitive ability for N.

Synthesis and applications. Carex dominance in carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched soil strongly suggests that lowering soil inorganic N to < 30\uffc2\uffa0mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in restored wetlands would allow establishing sedge meadow communities to suppress Phalaris invasions. Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90N soils might be achieved via carbon enrichment, vegetation harvests and reduced N inputs. Reducing community vulnerability to invasion by manipulating resource availability appears to be a promising approach to invasive species management.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00871.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00871.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00871.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00871.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01965.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-25", "title": "Experimental Warming Induces Degradation Of A Tibetan Alpine Meadow Through Trophic Interactions", "description": "Summary 1. It is well known that climate change alters abiotic factors (temperature and water availability) that directly affect ecosystem properties. However, less is known about the indirect impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function. Here, we show that experimental warming may deteriorate ecosystems via trophic interactions. 2. In a Tibetan alpine meadow, plant species composition, size, coverage and above-ground biomass were investigated to reveal the effect of artificial warming (c. 1 \ufffd Cm ean annual temperature at the soil surface), which was accomplished using warmed and ambient open top chambers. In addition, rodent damage to plants was assessed. 3. The dicot forb silverweed Potentilla anserina increased significantly, while other species groups remained unchanged or decreased in plant community dominance rank after 2 years of artificial warming. The change in community structure was attributed to the difference in biomass allocation and growth form among species. 4. In the third year, plateau zokors Myospalax fontanierii, a widespread rodent herbivore, damaged plants in the warmed chambers, while leaving plants in the ambient chambers mostly undamaged. Above-ground biomass was found to be smaller in the warmed chambers than the controls in the third year, in contrast to the trend of the first 2 years. In addition, zokor burrow density was positively correlated with silverweed biomass and its dominance within communities, which was consistent with findings of independent field investigations that silverweed-dominated plots were more likely to be visited and damaged by the zokors than sites-dominated by grass species. 5. Synthesis and applications. The top-down negative effect of zokor damage on above-ground biomass in the warmed chambers was induced by the bottom-up effect of changes in species composition and community structure on zokor foraging behaviour, which were driven by artificial warming. Such trophic interactions may invalidate some predictions of ecological effects by current species-climate envelope models. Furthermore, because management measures including increasing the water table, planting grass and moderate cattle grazing may prevent silverweed dominance, we suggest that these interventions could be employed to control zokor damage in alpine meadows that are predicted to be drier and warmer in the future.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01965.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01965.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01965.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01965.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01453.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-03", "title": "Effect Of Selective Logging On Forest Structure And Nutrient Cycling In A Seasonally Dry Brazilian Atlantic Forest", "description": "Abstract

Aim\uffe2\uff80\uff82 The Brazilian Atlantic forest covers c. 10% of its original extent, and some areas are still being logged. Although several ecological studies in Atlantic forest have been published over the past two to three decades, there has been little research on forest dynamics and there is a particular lack of information on the effects of disturbance. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of selective logging on forest structure, floristic composition soil nutrients, litterfall and litter layer in a seasonally dry Atlantic forest.

Location\uffe2\uff80\uff82 The Mata do Carv\uffc3\uffa3o is located in the Guaxindiba Ecological Reserve in S\uffc3\uffa3o Francisco do ltabapoana district (21\uffc2\uffb024\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff83S, 41\uffc2\uffb004\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff83W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods\uffe2\uff80\uff82 Four plots (50\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff8350\uffe2\uff80\uff83m) were set up in 1995 in each of two stands: unlogged and logged. In each plot, all trees \uffe2\uff89\uffa5\uffe2\uff80\uff8310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm d.b.h. were enumerated, identified and measured. Vouchers were lodged at UENF Herbarium. Five surface soil samples were collected in each plot in the dry season (in October 1995). Litterfall was collected in eight traps (0.50\uffe2\uff80\uff83m2) in each plot over a year from 14 November 1995 to 11 November 1996. The litter layer was sampled in eight quadrats (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff83m2) in each plot in the dry and wet seasons. Soils were air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried, sieved, and chemically analysed. The litter was dried (80\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C), sorted into six fractions, weighed and bulked samples analysed for nutrients.

Results\uffe2\uff80\uff82 Forest stands did not differ in stem density and total basal area, with a total of 1137 individuals sampled in 1996 (564 unlogged and 573 logged), and a total basal area of 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83m2 (unlogged) and 13.0\uffe2\uff80\uff83m2 (logged). However, unlogged stands had more large trees (\uffe2\uff89\uffa5\uffe2\uff80\uff8330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm in d.b.h.) and greater mean canopy height. Among the families, Rutaceae and Leguminosae were the most abundant families in both sites, although the Rutaceae had a higher density in unlogged and Leguminosae in the logged stand. The species diversity index was similar between stands. Late\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional species, such as Metrodorea nigra var. brevifolia and Paratecoma peroba, were less abundant in the logged stand. Selective logging did not affect nutrient concentrations in the soil or in the litter. However, quantities of the nutrients in the total litterfall and in the leaf litterfall and litter layer were higher in unlogged than in logged stands, mainly as a result of fallen M. nigra leaves. Metrodorea nigra was considered a key species in the nutrients dynamics in Carv\uffc3\uffa3o forest.

Main conclusions\uffe2\uff80\uff82 Despite the fact that effects on tree diversity and soil nutrients were not clear, selective logging in this Atlantic forest altered canopy structure, increased the relative abundance of some early\uffe2\uff80\uff90secondary species and decreased the litter input and stock of nutrients. Detailed information on the influence of logging on the distribution and structure of plant populations and in nutrient processes is fundamental for a sustainable logging system to be developed.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01453.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01453.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01453.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01453.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-21", "title": "Determinants Of Cryptogam Composition And Diversity In Sphagnum-Dominated Peatlands: The Importance Of Temporal, Spatial And Functional Scales", "description": "Summary

Changing temperature regimes and precipitation patterns in the Subarctic will impact on vegetation composition and diversity including those of bryophyte and lichen communities, which are major drivers of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude carbon and nutrient cycling and hydrology.

We investigated the relative importance of such impacts at different temporal, spatial and plant functional scales in subarctic Sphagnum fuscum\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated peatlands, comprising both an in situ warming experiment and natural climatic and topographic gradients in northern Sweden and Norway. We applied multivariate analyses to investigate the relationships among cryptogam and vascular plant species composition and abiotic (temperature, moisture) and biotic (Sphagnum growth) regimes at various scales.

At the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scale (4\uffe2\uff80\uff90year warming experiment), increased temperature yielded no clear effect on cryptogam or vascular plant species composition. Spatially, direct effects of temperature were decisive for overall species composition across regions (macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale) rather than within one region (meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale). Moisture and Sphagnum growth were drivers of species composition at all spatial scales, and Sphagnum growth itself depended on its position on the microtopographic gradient and on temperature.

Grouping of bryophytes and lichens at increasing scales of functional aggregation from species, growth form to the major higher taxon level (Sphagnum, other mosses, liverworts, lichens) revealed mostly increasing correlation with climate regimes and Sphagnum growth. Excluding liverworts from the analysis tended to reduce the correlation.

Abundances of lichens, liverworts, non\uffe2\uff80\uff90Sphagnum mosses and (to a lesser degree) vascular plants were negatively related to Sphagnum abundance. Few cryptogam and vascular plant species showed a positive relationship with Sphagnum abundance. Correspondingly, cryptogam species richness and Shannon Index on peatlands strongly declined as Sphagnum abundance increased, while indices for vascular plants showed no significant relationship.

Synthesis. Scale, be it spatial or functional, strongly determined which environmental drivers showed the clearest relationships with vegetation composition and diversity. Our findings will help to optimize predictions about long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of climate on peatland vegetation composition, and subsequently its feedbacks to carbon and water cycles, at the regional scale.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "simulated environmental-change", "species composition", "western canada", "alaskan arctic tundra", "response surfaces", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "hylocomium-splendens", "13. Climate action", "physical gradients", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "nutrient availability", "community structure", "global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02205.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-03", "title": "Grazing Alters Ecosystem Functioning And C:N:P Stoichiometry Of Grasslands Along A Regional Precipitation Gradient", "description": "Summary

The Eurasian steppe has long been subject to grazing by domestic ungulates at high levels, resulting in widespread deterioration of biodiversity and ecosystem services. While abundant evidence demonstrates that heavy grazing alters the ecosystem structure and function of grasslands, research on how grazing specifically affects ecosystem functioning and stoichiometry on broad scales is scarce because of a lack of adequate ungrazed reference sites.

We examined the effects of grazing on ecosystem functioning and C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0P stoichiometry across a precipitation gradient along the 700\uffc2\uffa0km China\uffe2\uff80\uff93Mongolia transect (CMT), covering three community types: meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe.

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term grazing has dramatically altered the C, N and P pools and stoichiometry of steppe ecosystems along the CMT. Grazing reduced the C, N and P pools in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass and litter, while the responses in below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass and soil C, N and P pools to grazing differed substantially among community types.

Grazing increased N content and decreased C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N ratios in all plant compartments, suggesting accelerated N cycling. The altered C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0P stoichiometry may be explained by changes in the composition of species and functional groups as well as increased foliar N and P contents for the same species in grazed communities.

Synthesis and applications. Plant stoichiometric responses to grazing ranged from large in the meadow steppe to small in the typical steppe to generally insignificant in the desert steppe, implying that different underlying mechanisms operated along the regional precipitation gradient. Our findings suggest that reducing the stocking rate and restoring the vastly degraded steppes are essential to sustain native steppe biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and biological capacity for mitigating the impact of climate change in the Inner Mongolia grassland.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02205.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02205.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02205.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02205.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01006.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-07", "title": "Species Compositional Differences On Different-Aged Glacial Landscapes Drive Contrasting Responses Of Tundra To Nutrient Addition", "description": "Author Posting. \u00a9 The Authors, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell Publishing for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Ecology 93 (2005): 770-782, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01006.x.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01006.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01006.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01006.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01006.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-23", "title": "Responses Of Vegetation And Soil Microbial Communities To Warming And Simulated Herbivory In A Subarctic Heath", "description": "1. Climate warming increases the cover of deciduous shrubs in arctic ecosystems and herbivory is also known to have a strong influence on the biomass and composition of vegetation. However, research combining herbivory with warming is largely lacking. Our study describes how warming and simulated herbivory affect vegetation, soil nutrient concentrations and soil microbial communities after 10-13 years of exposure. 2. We established a factorial warming and herbivory-simulation experiment at a subarctic tundra heath in Kilpisjarvi, Finland, in 1994. Warming was carried out using the open-top chamber setup of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). Wounding of the dominant deciduous dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus L. to simulate herbivory was carried out annually. We measured vegetation cover in 2003 and 2007, soil nutrient concentrations in 2003 and 2006, soil microbial respiration in 2003, and composition and function of soil microbial communities in 2006. 3. Warming increased the cover of V. myrtillus, whereas other plant groups did not show any response. Simulated herbivory of V. myrtillus cancelled out the impact of warming on the species cover, and increased the cover of other dwarf shrubs. 4. The concentrations of NH4+-N, and microbial biomass C and N in the soil were significantly reduced by warming after 10 treatment years but not after 13 treatment years. The reduction in NH4+-N by warming was significant only without simultaneous herbivory treatment, which indicates that simulated herbivory reduced N uptake by vegetation. 5. Soil microbial community composition, based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, was slightly altered by warming. The activity of cultivable bacterial and fungal communities was significantly increased by warming and the substrate utilization patterns were influenced by warming and herbivory. 6. Synthesis. Our results show that warming increases the cover of V. myrtillus, which seems to enhance the nutrient sink strength of vegetation in the studied ecosystem. However, herbivory partially negates the effect of warming on plant N uptake and interacts with the effect of warming on microbial N immobilization. Our study demonstrates that effects of warming on soil microorganisms are likely to differ in the presence and absence of herbivores. (Less)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "13. Climate action", "PLFA", "herbivoria", "ilmastonmuutos", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "kasvillisuus", "mikrobit", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "arktiset alueet"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01680.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-27", "title": "Experimental Investigation Of The Importance Of Litterfall In Lowland Semi-Evergreen Tropical Forest Nutrient Cycling", "description": "Summary

1.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The cycling of nutrients in litterfall is considered a key mechanism in the maintenance of tropical forest fertility but its importance has rarely been quantified experimentally.

2.\uffe2\uff80\uff82We carried out a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (5\uffe2\uff80\uff83years), large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale litter manipulation experiment in lowland semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90evergreen tropical forest to determine how changes in litterfall affect forest nutrient cycling. We hypothesized that: (i) long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term litter removal would decrease the forest\uffe2\uff80\uff99s nutrient supply; (ii) litter addition would increase the forest\uffe2\uff80\uff99s nutrient supply; (iii) soil and foliar nutrient concentrations would change in response to litter manipulation and would eventually affect above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground productivity.

3.\uffe2\uff80\uff82To test our hypotheses, we measured trunk growth, litterfall, and nutrient concentrations in live leaves, litter and soil in plots where litter was removed once a month (L\uffe2\uff88\uff92), litter was added once a month (L+) and controls (CT).

4.\uffe2\uff80\uff82After 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83years, the concentration of nitrate in the soil and soil stocks of inorganic nitrogen were higher in the L+ plots and lower in the L\uffe2\uff88\uff92 plots compared to the controls. Ammonium concentrations in the soil were also lower in the L\uffe2\uff88\uff92 plots. Nitrogen in leaves and litter and the annual nitrogen return by litter were higher in the L+ plots, while potassium return was lower in the L\uffe2\uff88\uff92 plots. Surprisingly, our treatments had little effect on phosphorus in soil, leaves or litter, even though lowland tropical forests are generally thought to be largely phosphorus limited.

5.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Trunk growth of large trees was not affected by litter manipulation but rainy season litterfall from 2003 to 2008 was 13% higher in the L+ plots compared to the controls.

6.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Synthesis. Litter removal affected forest nutrient cycling and productivity less than expected, probably because the soil at our site is moderately fertile. However, litter addition increased litterfall indicating that some limitation of forest production was removed by litter addition. We expected strong effects of litter manipulation on phosphorus cycling; instead, we found a stronger effect on nitrogen cycling. Our results suggest that litter is an important source of nutrients, in particular nitrogen, to trees in this lowland semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90evergreen tropical forest.

", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "nutrient limitation", "potassium", "litterfall seasonality", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "litter removal", "foliar nutrients", "litter manipulation", "soil nutrients", "phosphorus", "litterfall", "litter addition"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01680.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01680.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01680.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01680.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-30", "title": "The Effect Of Water Stress On Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism In Four Species Grown Under Field Conditions", "description": "

Abstract. The effect of gradually\uffe2\uff80\uff90developing water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stress has been studied in Lupinus albus L., Helianthus annuus L., Vitis vinifera cv. Rosaki and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Water was withheld and diurnal rhythms were investigated 4\uffe2\uff80\uff938d later, when the predawn water deficit was more negative than in watered plants, and the stomata closed almost completely early during the photoperiod. The contribution of \uffe2\uff80\uff98stomatal\uffe2\uff80\uff99 and \uffe2\uff80\uff98non\uffe2\uff80\uff90stomatal\uffe2\uff80\uff99 components to the decrease of photosynthetic rate was investigated by (1) comparing the changes of the rate of photosynthesis in air with the changes of stomatal conductance and (2) measuring photosynthetic capacity in saturating irradiance and 15% CO2. Three species (lupin, eucalyptus and sunflower) showed larger changes of stomatal conductance than photosynthesis in air, and showed little or no decrease of photosynthetic capacity in saturating CO2. Photosynthesis in air also recovered fully overnight after watering the plants in the evening. In grapevines, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in air changed in parallel, there was a marked decrease of photosynthetic capacity, and photosynthesis and stomatal conductance did not recover overnight after watering water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stressed plants. Relative water content remained above 90% in grapevine. We conclude that non\uffe2\uff80\uff90stomatal components do not play a significant role in lupins, sunflower or eucalyptus, but could in grapevine. The effect of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stress on partitioning of photosynthate was investigated by measuring the amounts of sucrose and starch in leaves during a diurnal rhythm, and by measuring the partitioning of 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon dioxide between sucrose and starch. In all four species, starch was depleted in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stressed leaves but sucrose was maintained at amounts similar to, or higher than, those in watered plants. Partitioning into sucrose was increased in lupins and eucalyptus, and remained unchanged in grapevine and sunflower. It is concluded that water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stressed leaves in all four species maintain high levels of soluble sugars in their leaves, despite having lower rates of field photosynthesis, decreased rates of export, and low amounts of starch in their leaves.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1992-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01832.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-28", "title": "Scale Of Nutrient Patchiness Mediates Resource Partitioning Between Trees And Grasses In A Semi-Arid Savanna", "description": "1. Scaling theory predicts that organisms respond to different scales of resource patchiness in relation to their own size. We tested the hypothesis that the scale of nutrient patchiness mediates resource partitioning between large trees and small grasses in a semi-arid savanna. 2. In a factorial field experiment, Colophospermum mopane trees and associated grasses were fertilized at either a fine or coarse scale of patchiness with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) or N + P. The growth of marked tree shoots, herbaceous biomass and leafNand P concentrations were monitored for 2 years following fertilization. 3. Responses of trees were partly scale dependent. Tree leaf N concentration and shoot length relatively increased with fertilization at a coarse scale. Tree leaf mass decreased when P was supplied at a fine scale of patchiness, suggesting intensified grass competition. 4. Phosphorus fertilization increased leaf P concentrations more in grasses than trees, whereas N fertilization increased leaf N concentration moderately in both trees and grasses. Herbaceous above-ground biomass around focal trees was negatively correlated with tree size when fertilized with N, suggesting intensified tree competition. 5. Synthesis. Our results support the hypothesis that trees benefit more from nutrients supplied at a relatively coarse scale of patchiness. No direct responses of grasses to scale were detected. In trees, the scale effect was surpassed by the effect of sample year, when rainfall varied", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "south-africa", "Plant Ecology", "availability", "water", "woody cover", "african savanna", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "vegetation", "ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "cattle dung", "METIS-303151", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "heterogeneity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01832.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01832.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01832.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01832.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-06", "title": "Functional Diversity Of Photosynthesis During Drought In A Model Tropical Rainforest - The Contributions Of Leaf Area, Photosynthetic Electron Transport And Stomatal Conductance To Reduction In Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange", "description": "ABSTRACT

The tropical rainforest mesocosm within the Biosphere 2 Laboratory, a model system of some 110 species developed over 12\uffe2\uff80\uff83years under controlled environmental conditions, has been subjected to a series of comparable drought experiments during 2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932002. In each study, the mesocosm was subjected to a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff936 week drought, with well\uffe2\uff80\uff90defined rainfall events before and after the treatment. Ecosystem CO2 uptake rate (Aeco) declined 32% in response to the drought, with changes occurring within days and being reversible within weeks, even though the deeper soil layers did not become significantly drier and leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level water status of most large trees was not greatly affected. The reduced Aeco during the drought reflected both morphological and physiological responses. It is estimated that the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced 32% reduction of Aeco has three principal components: (1) leaf fall increased two\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold whereas leaf expansion growth of some canopy dominants declined to 60%, leading to a 10% decrease in foliage coverage of the canopy. This might be the main reason for the persistent reduction of Aeco after rewatering. (2) The maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate at high light intensities in remaining leaves was reduced to 71% for three of the four species measured, even though no chronic photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90inhibition occurred. (3) Stomata closed, leading to a reduced ecosystem water conductance to water vapour (33% of pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought values), which not only reduced ecosystem carbon uptake rate, but may also have implications for water and energy budgets of tropical ecosystems. Additionally, individual rainforest trees responded differently, expressing different levels of stress and stress avoiding mechanisms. This functional diversity renders the individual response heterogeneous and has fundamental implications to scale leaf level responses to ecosystem dynamics.

", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "leaf area", "net ecosystem CO(2) exchange", "photosynthesis", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "chlorophyll fluorescence", "CANOPY TREE", "drought", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "FRENCH-GUIANA", "03 medical and health sciences", "leaf fall", "tropical trees KeyWords Plus: ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS", "PHOTOSYSTEM-II", "XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE", "WATER-VAPOR", "L LEAVES", "13. Climate action", "leaf growth", "tropical rainforest", "photosynthetic electron transport", "GAS-EXCHANGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-22", "title": "Elevated Co2 Increases Photosynthesis, Biomass And Productivity, And Modifies Gene Expression In Sugarcane", "description": "ABSTRACT

Because of the economical relevance of sugarcane and its high potential as a source of biofuel, it is important to understand how this crop will respond to the foreseen increase in atmospheric [CO2]. The effects of increased [CO2] on photosynthesis, development and carbohydrate metabolism were studied in sugarcane (Saccharum ssp.). Plants were grown at ambient (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc370\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm) and elevated (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc720\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm) [CO2] during 50 weeks in open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers. The plants grown under elevated CO2 showed, at the end of such period, an increase of about 30% in photosynthesis and 17% in height, and accumulated 40% more biomass in comparison with the plants grown at ambient [CO2]. These plants also had lower stomatal conductance and transpiration rates (\uffe2\uff88\uff9237 and \uffe2\uff88\uff9232%, respectively), and higher water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency (c.a. 62%). cDNA microarray analyses revealed a differential expression of 35 genes on the leaves (14 repressed and 22 induced) by elevated CO2. The latter are mainly related to photosynthesis and development. Industrial productivity analysis showed an increase of about 29% in sucrose content. These data suggest that sugarcane crops increase productivity in higher [CO2], and that this might be related, as previously observed for maize and sorghum, to transient drought stress.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Sucrose", "Light", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Temperature", "Humidity", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Lignin", "01 natural sciences", "Saccharum", "Plant Leaves", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "Plant Stomata", "Biomass", "Gases", "Photosynthesis", "Cellulose"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01331.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-11", "title": "Responses Of Net Ecosystem Co2 Exchange In Managed Grassland To Long-Term Co2 Enrichment, N Fertilization And Plant Species", "description": "ABSTRACT

The effects of elevated pCO2 on net ecosystem CO2 exchange were investigated in managed Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) and Trifolium repens (white clover) monocultures that had been exposed continuously to elevated pCO2 (60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa) for nine growing seasons using Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) technology. Two levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization were applied. Midday net ecosystem CO2 exchange (mNEE) and night\uffe2\uff80\uff90time ecosystem respiration (NER) were measured in three growing seasons using an open\uffe2\uff80\uff90flow chamber system. The annual net ecosystem carbon (C) input resulting from the net CO2 fluxes was estimated for one growing season. In both monocultures and at both levels of N supply, elevated pCO2 stimulated mNEE by up to 32%, the exact amount depending on intercepted PAR. The response of mNEE to elevated pCO2 was larger than that of harvestable biomass. Elevated pCO2 increased NER by up to 39% in both species at both levels of N supply. NER, which was affected by mNEE of the preceding day, was higher in T. repens than in L. perenne. High N increased NER compared to low N supply. According to treatment, the annual net ecosystem C input ranged between 210 and 631\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and was not significantly affected by the level of pCO2. Low N supply led to a higher net C input than high N supply. We demonstrated that at the ecosystem level, there was a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term stimulation in the net C assimilation during daytime by elevated pCO2. However, because NER was also stimulated, net ecosystem C input was not significantly increased at elevated pCO2. The annual net ecosystem C input was primarily affected by the amount of N supplied.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01331.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01331.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01331.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01331.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-05", "title": "Fine-Root Respiration In A Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taedal.) Forest Exposed To Elevated Co2and N Fertilization", "description": "ABSTRACT

Forest ecosystems release large amounts of carbon to the atmosphere from fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root respiration (Rr), but the control of this flux and its temperature sensitivity (Q10) are poorly understood. We attempted to: (1) identify the factors limiting this flux using additions of glucose and an electron transport uncoupler (carbonyl cyanide m\uffe2\uff80\uff90chlorophenylhydrazone); and (2) improve yearly estimates of Rr by directly measuring its Q10in situ using temperature\uffe2\uff80\uff90controlled cuvettes buried around intact, attached roots. The proximal limits of Rr of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees exposed to free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment (FACE) and N fertilization were seasonally variable; enzyme capacity limited Rr in the winter, and a combination of substrate supply and adenylate availability limited Rr in summer months. The limiting factors of Rr were not affected by elevated CO2 or N fertilization. Elevated CO2 increased annual stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90level Rr by 34% whereas the combination of elevated CO2 and N fertilization reduced Rr by 40%. Measurements of in situ Rr with high temporal resolution detected diel patterns that were correlated with canopy photosynthesis with a lag of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83d or less as measured by eddy covariance, indicating a dynamic link between canopy photosynthesis and root respiration. These results suggest that Rr is coupled to daily canopy photosynthesis and increases with carbon allocation below ground.

", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "Analysis of Variance", "Nitrates", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "Cell Respiration", "Temperature", "Pinus taeda", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "Glucose", "Oxygen Consumption", "050101 - Ecological Impacts of Climate Change", "13. Climate action", "North Carolina", "Seasons", "Least-Squares Analysis", "Photosynthesis", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-10", "title": "Effect Of Soil Acidity, Soil Strength And Macropores On Root Growth And Morphology Of Perennial Grass Species Differing In Acid-Soil Resistance", "description": "ABSTRACT

It is unclear whether roots of acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil resistant plants have significant advantages, compared with acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil sensitive genotypes, when growing in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90strength, acid soils or in acid soils where macropores may allow the effects of soil acidity and strength to be avoided. The responses of root growth and morphology to soil acidity, soil strength and macropores by seedlings of five perennial grass genotypes differing in acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil resistance were determined, and the interaction of soil acidity and strength for growth and morphology of roots was investigated. Soil acidity and strength altered root length and architecture, root hair development, and deformed the root tip, especially in acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil sensitive genotypes. Root length was restricted to some extent by soil acidity in all genotypes, but the adverse impact of soil acidity on root growth by acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil resistant genotypes was greater at high levels of soil strength. Roots reacted to soil acidity when growing in macropores, but elongation through high\uffe2\uff80\uff90strength soil was improved. Soil strength can confound the effect of acidity on root growth, with the sensitivity of acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant genotypes being greater in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90strength soils. This highlights the need to select for genotypes that resist both acidity and high soil strength.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genotype", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Acids", "Plant Roots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-17", "title": "Light Inhibition Of Leaf Respiration In Field-Grown Eucalyptus Saligna In Whole-Tree Chambers Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Summer Drought", "description": "SUMMARY

We investigated whether the degree of light inhibition of leaf respiration (R) differs among large Eucalyptus saligna grown in whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90tree chambers and exposed to present and future atmospheric [CO2] and summer drought. Associated with month\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90month changes in temperature were concomitant changes in R in the light (Rlight) and darkness (Rdark), with both processes being more temperature dependent in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees than under drought. Overall rates of Rlight and Rdark were not significantly affected by [CO2]. By contrast, overall rates of Rdark (averaged across both [CO2]) were ca. 25% lower under drought than in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees. During summer, the degree of light inhibition of leaf R was greater in droughted (ca. 80% inhibition) than well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees (ca. 50% inhibition). Notwithstanding these treatment differences, an overall positive relationship was observed between Rlight and Rdark when data from all months/treatments were combined (R2\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff830.8). Variations in Rlight were also positively correlated with rates of Rubisco activity and nitrogen concentration. Light inhibition resulted in a marked decrease in the proportion of light\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated photosynthesis respired (i.e. reduced R/Asat). Collectively, these results highlight the need to account for light inhibition when assessing impacts of global change drivers on the carbon economy of tree canopies.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0106 biological sciences", "Light", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase", "Trees", "Keywords: carbon", "leaf respiration", "Photosynthesis", "Eucalyptus", "concentration (composition)", "droughts", "drought stress", "Photorespiration", "Temperature", "Rlight", "Darkness", "Photochemical Processes", "6. Clean water", "inhibition", "Droughts", "assessment method", "Elevated CO2", "Seasons", "photorespiration", "Nitrogen", "light effect", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "water", "Cell Respiration", "evergreen tree", "03 medical and health sciences", "Stress", " Physiological", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "temp Carbon balance", "global change", "580", "photosynthesis", "Drought", "Australia", "carbon dioxide", "temperature", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Leaf respiration", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/5/Light_inhibition_of_leaf_respiration_in_field-grown.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/7/01_Crous_Light_inhibition_of_leaf_2012.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "title": "Soil [N] modulates soil C cycling in CO2-fumigated tree stands: a meta-analysis", "description": "ABSTRACT

Under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, soil carbon (C) inputs are typically enhanced, suggesting larger soil C sequestration potential. However, soil C losses also increase and progressive nitrogen (N) limitation to plant growth may reduce the CO2 effect on soil C inputs with time. We compiled a data set from 131 manipulation experiments, and used meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to test the hypotheses that: (1) elevated atmospheric CO2 stimulates soil C inputs more than C losses, resulting in increasing soil C stocks; and (2) that these responses are modulated by N. Our results confirm that elevated CO2 induces a C allocation shift towards below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass compartments. However, the increased soil C inputs were offset by increased heterotrophic respiration (Rh), such that soil C content was not affected by elevated CO2. Soil N concentration strongly interacted with CO2 fumigation: the effect of elevated CO2 on fine root biomass and \uffe2\uff80\uff93production and on microbial activity increased with increasing soil N concentration, while the effect on soil C content decreased with increasing soil N concentration. These results suggest that both plant growth and microbial activity responses to elevated CO2 are modulated by N availability, and that it is essential to account for soil N concentration in C cycling analyses.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Physiology", "Plant Science", "Fine root production", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Microbial respiration", "microbial respiration", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "C sequestration", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Biology", "[CO] enrichment", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "0303 health sciences", "biomass", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Atmosphere", "Root biomass", "Carbon Dioxide", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "N fertilization", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "nitrogen fertilizers", "roots (botany)", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-17", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Co2, Warming And Drought Episodes On Plant Carbon Uptake In A Temperate Heath Ecosystem Are Controlled By Soil Water Status", "description": "ABSTRACT

The impact of elevated CO2, periodic drought and warming on photosynthesis and leaf characteristics of the evergreen dwarf shrubCalluna vulgarisin a temperate heath ecosystem was investigated. Photosynthesis was reduced by drought in midsummer and increased by elevated CO2throughout the growing season, whereas warming only stimulated photosynthesis early in the year. At the beginning and end of the growing season, aT\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2interaction synergistically stimulated plant carbon uptake in the combination of warming and elevated CO2. At peak drought, theD\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2interaction antagonistically down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulated photosynthesis, suggesting a limited ability of elevated CO2to counteract the negative effect of drought. The response of photosynthesis in the full factorial combination (TDCO2) could be explained by the main effect of experimental treatments (T, D, CO2) and the two\uffe2\uff80\uff90factor interactions (D\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2,T\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2). The interactive responses in the experimental treatments including elevated CO2seemed to be linked to the realized range of treatment variability, for example with negative effects following experimental drought or positive effects following the relatively higher impact of night\uffe2\uff80\uff90time warming during cold periods early and late in the year. Longer\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments are needed to evaluate whether photosynthetic down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation will dampen the stimulation of photosynthesis under prolonged exposure to elevated CO2.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-02", "title": "Book review", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "ANNE S. BAKER", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Systematic%20Entomology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1985-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3180.1996.tb01659.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-29", "title": "Changes In Pteridium Aquilinum Growth And Phytotoxicity Following Treatments With Lime, Sulphuric Acid, Wood Ash, Glyphosate And Ammonium Nitrate", "description": "Summary

The comparative effects of lime, sulphuric acid, wood ash, glyphosate and ammonium nitrate on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn growth and development were evaluated in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut stand in south\uffe2\uff80\uff90east Sweden over a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period. P. aquilinum growth was effectively controlled following the application of glyphosate, but the other treatments generally had little effect on growth in terms of shoot density and length. Shoot length was positively related to the number of shoots on plots treated with ammonium nitrate but negatively correlated with the number of P. aquilinum shoots found on wood ash\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated and control plots. In a bioassay aspen (Populus tremula L.) seedling emergence and pH were significantly lower in humus treated with sulphuric acid, glyphosate, ammonium nitrate and in untreated humus as compared with the humus treated with lime and wood ash. The negative effect of humus on emergence of aspen seedlings may be caused by phytotoxic compounds at a lower pH level. Forest regeneration might be performed with shade\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant species such as Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) planted beneath a thin canopy of trees to prevent the rapid increase of P. aquilinum.

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