{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-26", "title": "Management of poultry manure in Poland \u2013 Current state and future perspectives", "description": "This review aimed to analyse the current state of management practices for poultry manure in Poland and present future perspectives in terms of technologies allowing closing the loops for circular economy, and thus recovery of nutrients and energy. The scope of the review focused primarily on: (1) the analysis of poultry production and generation of poultry manure with special references to quantities, properties (e.g. fertilizing properties), seasonality, etc.; (2) the overview of current practices and methods for managing poultry manure including advantages and limitations; (3) the analysis of potential and realistic threats and risk related to managing poultry manure, and also (4) the analysis of promising technologies for converting poultry manure into added value products and energy. The review addressed the following technologies: composting of poultry manure to obtain fertilizers and soil improvers, anaerobic digestion of poultry manure for energy recovery, and also pyrolysis of poultry manure into different types of biochar that can be applied in agriculture, horticulture and industry. Poultry manure is rich in macro- and micronutrients but also can contain various contaminants such as antibiotics or pesticides, and thus posing a realistic threat to soil and living organisms when applied to soil directly or after biological treatment. The main challenge in poultry manure processing is to assure sufficient closing of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous loops and safe application to soil.", "keywords": ["LITTER", "Nitrogen", "SEWAGE-SLUDGE", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Circular", "ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION", "02 engineering and technology", "SORPTION", "Poultry manure", "Poultry", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "METHANE", "Nutrient and energy recovery", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Animals", "BIOGAS PRODUCTION", "ORGANIC FRACTION", "Fertilizers", "PRODUCTION", "2. Zero hunger", "BIOCHAR", "PYROLYSIS", "Composting", "Agriculture", "15. 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Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Poland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11071374", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-07", "title": "The Potential of Digestate and the Liquid Fraction of Digestate as Chemical Fertiliser Substitutes under the RENURE Criteria", "description": "<p>This study assessed how digestate and the liquid fraction (LF) of digestate would perform as candidate RENURE fertilisers (recovered nitrogen from manure) in nitrate vulnerable zones under the proposed criteria of the Joint Research Centre, namely, (i) a mineral nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 90% (Nmin:TN \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 90%) or a total organic carbon to TN ratio \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 3 (TOC:TN \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 3); (ii) limits of \uffe2\uff89\uffa4300 copper (Cu) mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and \uffe2\uff89\uffa4800 Zinc (Zn) mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921. These criteria were applied to unpublished data (n = 2622) on digestate compositional properties, further amended with data from the literature (n = 180); digestate analysis from seven full-scale biogas facilities (n = 14); and biogas industry stakeholders (n = 23). The results showed that Cu and Zn mostly met the criteria, with compliance rates of 94.7% (of 1035 entries) and 95.0% (of 1038 entries), respectively. Just above 5% (of 1856 entries) met the Nmin/TN \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 90% criterion, while 36% (of 1583 entries) met the TOC/TN \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 3 criterion, while total compliance was 32% (of 1893 entries). When targeting the LF, total compliance increased noticeably, between 43 and 58% depending on DM range, indicating that LFs are better suited RENURE candidate fertilisers than unseparated digestate.</p>", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "AMENDMENT PROPERTIES", "RENURE", "liquid fraction", "SEWAGE-SLUDGE", "NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS", "ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION", "SAFEMANURE", "7. Clean energy", "NUTRIENT RECOVERY PROCESSES", "NUE", "USE EFFICIENCY", "BIOGAS PRODUCTION", "ORGANIC FRACTION", "S", "circular economy", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. 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Salt-tolerant plants have been proposed as energy crops for cultivation on saline lands. Halophytes such as Salicornia europaea, Tripolium pannonicum, Crithmum maritimum and Chenopodium quinoa, among many other species, can be cultivated in saline lands, in coastal areas or for treating saline wastewater, and the biomass might be used for biogas production as an integrated process of biorefining. However, halophytes have different salt tolerance mechanisms, including compartmentalization of salt in the vacuole, leading to an increase of sodium in the plant tissues. The sodium content of halophytes may have an adverse effect on the anaerobic digestion process, which needs adjustments to achieve stable and efficient conversion of the halophytes into biogas. This review gives an overview of the specificities of halophytes that needs to be accounted for using their biomass as feedstocks for biogas plants in order to expand renewable energy production. First, the different physiological mechanisms of halophytes to grow under saline conditions are described, which lead to the characteristic composition of the halophyte biomass, which may influence the biogas production. Next, possible mechanisms to avoid negative effects on the anaerobic digestion process are described, with an overview of full-scale applications. Taking all these aspects into account, halophyte plants have a great potential for biogas and methane production with yields similar to those produced by other energy crops and the simultaneous benefit of utilization of saline soils.</p>", "keywords": ["anaerobic digestion", "0301 basic medicine", "Technology", "Inoculum adaptation", "QH301-705.5", "QC1-999", "Plant physiology", "Salicornia europaea", "Co-digestion", "7. Clean energy", "biogas production", "03 medical and health sciences", "Anaerobic digestion", "co-digestion", "Biology (General)", "Chenopodium quinoa", "QD1-999", "<i>Crithmum maritimum</i>", "2. 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