The World Health Organization \uffe2\uff80\uff98Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\uffe2\uff80\uff932030\uffe2\uff80\uff99 outlines the targets for control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). New drugs are needed to achieve some of them. We are providing an overview of the pipeline for new anti-infective drugs for regulatory registration and steps to effective use for NTD control and elimination. Considering drugs approved for an NTD by at least one stringent regulatory authority: fexinidazole, included in WHO guidelines for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense African trypanosomiasis, is in development for Chagas disease. Moxidectin, registered in 2018 for treatment of individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff89\uffa5\uffe2\uff80\uff8912\uffc2\uffa0years old with onchocerciasis, is undergoing studies to extend the indication to 4\uffe2\uff80\uff9311-year-old children and obtain additional data to inform WHO and endemic countries' decisions on moxidectin inclusion in guidelines and policies. Moxidectin is also being evaluated for other NTDs. Considering drugs in at least Phase 2 clinical development, a submission is being prepared for registration of acoziborole as an oral treatment for first and second stage T.b. gambiense African trypanosomiasis. Bedaquiline, registered for tuberculosis, is being evaluated for multibacillary leprosy. Phase 2 studies of emodepside and flubentylosin in O. volvulus-infected individuals are ongoing; studies for Trichuris trichuria and hookworm are planned. A trial of fosravuconazole in Madurella mycetomatis-infected patients is ongoing. JNJ-64281802 is undergoing Phase 2 trials for reducing dengue viral load. Studies are ongoing or planned to evaluate oxantel pamoate for onchocerciasis and soil-transmitted helminths, including Trichuris, and oxfendazole for onchocerciasis, Fasciola hepatica, Taenia solium cysticercosis, Echinococcus granulosus and soil-transmitted helminths, including Trichuris. Additional steps from first registration to effective use for NTD control and elimination include country registrations, possibly additional studies to inform WHO guidelines and country policies, and implementation research to address barriers to effective use of new drugs. Relative to the number of people suffering from NTDs, the pipeline is small. Close collaboration and exchange of experience among all stakeholders developing drugs for NTDs may increase the probability that the current pipeline will translate into new drugs effectively implemented in affected countries.
Graphical Abstract The effects of partial and clear-cut harvesting on forest floor physical, chemical, and biological properties, forest floor mesofauna, and nutrient cycling were investigated in conifer- and deciduous-dominated stands of Alberta's mixedwood boreal forest. Forest floor samples were collected 2.5 years after harvest from clearcuts, strip-cut corridors in a partial cut, green tree retention patches in a partial cut, and uncut control sites. Partial cuts showed intermediate decreases in annual litter input and NH4-N between uncut and clear-cut sites of both the deciduous and conifer stands, as did microbial biomass, PO4-P, mesofauna abundance (total, Acari, and Collembola), and fine root biomass in the conifer stands. In the deciduous stands, microbial biomass and fine root biomass in partial- and clear-cut treatments were not significantly different, but were significantly reduced compared with the uncut controls. Mesofauna abundance was reduced in the corridors of the partial-cut treatment compared with partial-cut patch, clear-cut, and uncut treatments. In both deciduous and conifer stands, NO3-N was elevated in the partial-cut corridors and clearcuts compared with partial-cut patch and uncut treatments. Findings from this study show that negative impact to forest floor properties associated with clear-cut harvesting may be reduced in partial-cut harvesting systems.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-080"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x03-080", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x03-080", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x03-080"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x03-218", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-01", "title": "The Effects Of Gaps And Liming On Forest Floor Decomposition And Soil C And N Dynamics In Afagus Sylvaticaforest", "description": "Despite the importance of gaps in the dynamics and management of many forest types, very little is known about the medium- to long-term soil C and N dynamics associated with this disturbance. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that gap creation and lime application, a routine measure in many European forests to ameliorate soil acidity, lead to accelerated litter decomposition and thus a reduction in the forest floor and soil C and N pools. Four gaps were created in 1989 in a mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest on acid soil with a moder humus, and lime (3 t dolomite\uffc2\uffb7ha–1) was applied to two of these and surrounding areas. Litter and fine-root decomposition was measured in 1992–1993 and 1996–1998 using litterbags. Forest floor (L, F, and H layers) and mineral soil (0–40 cm) C and N pools were determined in 1989 and 1997. Eight years following silvicultural treatments, there was no change in C and N over the entire forest soil profile including forest floor. Reductions in the F and H layers in limed gaps were compensated for by increases in soil C and N in the surface (0–10 cm) mineral soil. Decomposition of F litter was significantly accelerated in limed gaps, leading to the development of a mull–moder, whereas gap creation alone had no effect on mass loss of F material in litterbags. Gap size disturbances in this acid beech forest appear to have minimal influences on soil C and N stocks. However, when combined with liming, changes in the humus form and vertical distribution of soil C and N may occur.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition", "soil nutrient", "550", "Nitrogen", "Fagus sylvatica", "forest management", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "910", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Humus", "gap dynamics", "forest floor", "Floor decomposition", "hypothesis testing", "Fagus", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Litterbags", "Keywords: Carbon", "Reduction", "Limed gaps", "nutrient dynamics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/88024/5/01_Cowling_The_effects_of_gaps_and_liming_2004.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-218"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x03-218", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x03-218", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x03-218"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x03-113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-10-17", "title": "The Soil Acid\u0096Base Status Of Boreal Black Spruce Stands After Whole-Tree And Stem-Only Harvesting", "description": "The effect of different harvesting practices on soil acid–base status was evaluated in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests of Quebec by comparing soil from five pairs of whole-tree and stem-only harvested plots 3 years after harvest. Stem-only harvesting contributed to the enrichment of the exchangeable base cation pool, particularly in the forest floors of the pairs where whole-tree harvested plots showed the highest exchangeable Al3+. In the mineral soil, divergence between treatments was low, perhaps because these acidic soils were strongly saturated with Al3+(about 90%), which did not favour cationic exchange reactions. Although the effects of treatment may not persist over time, improved base cation nutrition may benefit stands during the early stages of development. Over a forest rotation of about 85 years, the estimated loss of alkalinity due to whole-tree harvesting was estimated to be low (less than 20%) when compared with the effect of acidic deposition.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-113"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x03-113", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x03-113", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x03-113"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x03-194", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-30", "title": "The Influence Of Red Alder Patches On Light, Litterfall, And Soil Nutrients In Adjacent Conifer Stands", "description": "To evaluate the distance over which red alder patches influence adjacent conifer stands, we measured light transmission and nutrient contents of soil and litterfall along transects crossing the boundary between alder and conifer stands at three sites (10–15, 20–25, and [Formula: see text]40 years old) in coastal British Columbia. Light levels were higher in the understory of alder stands than in adjacent conifer stands. In simulated openings, light levels rapidly increased with distance from the alder edge, reaching 60% of full sunlight at south-facing edges, 5 m from north-facing edges, and 2–3 m from east- and west-facing edges. Soil N, NH4-N, NO3-N, and mineralizable N remained elevated for about 10 m from the alder boundary. Nitrogen contents of Douglas-fir seedlings grown in soil from the alder stand were elevated and correlated to soil N concentrations. Nutrient inputs in alder litterfall were positively related to concentrations of total C; total, extractable, and mineralizable N in soils; and the N, P, and B concentrations of seedlings. Alder litterfall drift extended 8–18 m into adjacent conifer stands. The optimal arrangement for alder–conifer mixtures would be alder patches or strips at least 10 m wide and about 20 m apart oriented north to south.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-194"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x03-194", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x03-194", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x03-194"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-12", "title": "What evidence exists on the effectiveness of the techniques and management approaches used to improve the productivity of field grown tomatoes under conditions of water-, nitrogen- and/or phosphorus-deficit? A systematic map protocol", "description": "Abstract BackgroundThere is an urgent need to ensure that food production is maintained in response to either a reduction in use or lack of availability of natural resources. To this end, several strategies have been investigated to determine which agronomic approaches may improve crop yields under conditions of reduced water and/or nutrients provision, with special attention upon nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). New technologies and practices have been developed for key commercial crops, such as tomatoes. However, few of these are widely adopted in the field and evidence of their value in this production setting is limited.
MethodsThis protocol sets out a systematic map methodology that aims to provide a coherent synthesis of the available evidence among the literature on the techniques and management approaches that may ensure the productivity of field-grown tomatoes under conditions of water-, N- and/or P-deficits, either as single or combined stresses. To conduct the literature search, a search strategy was produced to define the scope of the systematic map and to allow reproducibility of the approach. A list of published and unpublished sources of literature were selected and a preliminary trial identified best-fit-for-purpose search-terms and -strings. A literature screening process was set with consistency checks amongst reviewers at the title, abstract and full text screening stages. A series of eligibility criteria were defined to ensure objectivity and consistency in the selection of studies that are best suited to address the research question of the systematic map. In addition, a coding strategy was designed to set the means for meta-data extraction out from the literature for review. A drafted structured questionnaire will serve as the base for collating the meta-data to produce a database where variables will be queried for the evidence synthesis. This work is expected to inform stakeholders, researchers and policy makers regarding the extent and nature of the existing evidence base, and so serve as a basis by-which specific approaches may be highlighted as potential focal-areas in future.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Resource use-efficiency", "Drought resistance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Abiotic stres", "15. Life on land", "Abiotic stress", "01 natural sciences", "Combined stress-tolerance", "Fertilisation", "Environmental sciences", "Climate change resilience", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Evidence", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x03-221", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-01", "title": "Effects Of Fire At Two Frequencies On Nitrogen Transformations And Soil Chemistry In A Nitrogen-Enriched Forest Landscape", "description": "This study reports results of the application of dormant-season prescribed fire at two frequencies (periodic (two fires in 4 years) and annual) at four southern Ohio mixed-oak (Quercus spp.) forest sites to restore the ecosystem functional properties these sites had before the onset of fire suppression and chronic atmospheric deposition. Each forest site comprised three contiguous watershed-scale treatment units: one burned in 1996 and 1999, one burned annually from 1996 through 1999, and an unburned control. Soil organic matter, available P, net N mineralization, and nitrification were not significantly changed by fire at either frequency, though values for the latter two properties increased 4- to 10-fold from the period 1995–1997 to the period 1999–2000. Fire at both frequencies resulted in increased soil pH and exchangeable Ca2+. Exchangeable Al3+ was reduced by fire at two of four sites, and the molar ratio of Ca/Al was increased by fire at three of four sites. In contrast to results in most studies of fire, N transformations and availability were not increased by fire in this N-enriched region (deposition of N averaged about 6 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha–1\uffc2\uffb7year–1 over the last 20 years). We hypothesize that the large observed increase in nitrification is an indication of the onset of N saturation. Although fire appears to offset the effect of atmospheric deposition in this region by increasing soil pH, Ca2+, and Ca/Al ratio and reducing available Al3+, increased NO3– fluxes through the soil from continued N deposition may negate the positive effect of fire.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ralph E. J. Boerner, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, J. A. Brinkman,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-221"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x03-221", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x03-221", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x03-221"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x04-069", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-08", "title": "Belowground To Aboveground Biomass Ratio And Vertical Root Distribution Responses Of Maturepinus Radiatastands To Phosphorus Fertilization At Planting", "description": "We compared the belowground biomass (BGB)/aboveground biomass (AGB) ratio and the vertical root distribution of 40-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don fertilized with 0 or 90 kg P\uffc2\uffb7ha–1at planting. Root biomass was determined by a combination of coring (fine roots, \uffcf\uff95 < 2 mm; small roots, 2 \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 \uffcf\uff95 < 15 mm) and excavation (coarse roots, \uffcf\uff95 \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 5 mm). Stand-level AGB and coarse root biomass (CRB) were estimated with the use of allometric relations. After 40 years, AGB and CRB of P-fertilized trees were 4.5 times those of unfertilized trees, indicating that CRB scaled isometrically with AGB independently of P supply. By contrast, P fertilization increased the fine and small root biomass (FSRB) pool by only 50%. As a result, the scaling of FSRB to AGB was dependent on P supply. The differential response of the FSRB to P fertilization caused the overall BGB/AGB ratio to decrease from 0.29 in control plots to 0.20 in P-fertilized plots. Phosphorus fertilization also altered the vertical distribution of fine root biomass (FRB). For example, the proportion of FRB in the top 15 cm increased from 41% to 52% with P fertilization. Collectively, the results showed that P added early in the growth phase had a persistent effect on the BGB/AGB ratio in P. radiata. This was primarily brought about by altered biomass partitioning to the nutrient-acquiring FSRB pool.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-069"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x04-069", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x04-069", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x04-069"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x75-087", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-01", "title": "Wildfire Effects On Nutrient Distribution And Leaching In A Coniferous Ecosystem", "description": "Distribution of nutrients after the Entiat fire in north central Washington was examined. This intense fire produced an average ash weight on the soil surface of 2900\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha. The ash layer contained 23\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha N, 314\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Ca, 54\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Mg, 70\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha K, and 22\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Na. Nutrient losses during the fire as a result of combined volatilization and ash convection were 855\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha N, 75\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Ca, 33\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Mg, 282\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha K, and 698\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Na. Nitrogen loss apparently was proportional to fuel dry weight loss.Leaching of the ash layer in the 1st year after burning transferred a trace of N, 149\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Ca, 50\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Mg, 92\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha K, and 33\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Na from the ash layer to the soil. Of the amounts leached from the ash, 134\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Ca, 48\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Mg, and 84\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha K were retained in the 0-to 19-cm layer of soil. In the same interval a net loss of 29\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Na was observed from the 0-to 19-cm layer of soil.Cation leaching from ash layers was primarily related to water percolation through the ash. Equations are given that describe leaching of Ca, Mg, K, and Na from an average ash layer of the Entiat fire.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Genetics and Genomics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grier, Charles C.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x75-087"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x75-087", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x75-087", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x75-087"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x05-074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-18", "title": "Comparison Of Coniferous Forest Carbon Stocks Between Old-Growth And Young Second-Growth Forests On Two Soil Types In Central British Columbia, Canada", "description": "Carbon (C) stocks were assessed for hybrid interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss \uffc3\uff97 Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.)-dominated upland forests within the Aleza Lake Research Forest in central British Columbia, Canada. Four old-growth (141–250 years old) and four young second-growth (<20 years old) forest plots were established on the two dominant soil texture types, coarse and fine, for a total of 16 plots. Mean total C stocks for old-growth stands ranged from 423 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1 (coarse) to 324 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1 (fine), intermediate between Pacific Northwest temperate forests and upland boreal forests. Total C was lower in second-growth stands because of lower tree (mostly large tree stem), forest floor, and woody debris C stocks. In contrast, old-growth forest-floor C stocks ranged from 78 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1 (coarse) to 35 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1 (fine), 2.9- and 1.2-fold higher than in corresponding second-growth stands, respectively. Woody debris C stocks in old-growth stands totaled 35 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1 (coarse) and 31 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1 (fine), 2.7- and 3.4-fold higher than in second-growth stands, respectively. Mineral soil C to 1.07 m depth was similar across soil type and age-class, with totals ranging from 115 to 106 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1. Harvesting of old-growth forests in sub-boreal British Columbia lowers total C stocks by 54%–41%.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Arthur L. Fredeen, Paul Sanborn, Claudette H. Bois, Darren T Janzen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x05-074", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x05-074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x05-074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x05-160", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-21", "title": "The Effects Of Uv-B, Nitrogen Fertilization, And Springtime Warming On Sugar Maple Seedlings And The Soil Chemistry Of Two Central Ontario Forests", "description": "The interactive effects of springtime warming, ambient UV-B, and nitrogen fertilization on the chemistry of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings and soils from two contrasting sites were assessed. Open-top chambers increased average springtime air temperatures by approximately 1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff82\uffc2\uffb0C, but their heating effect was diminished upon closure of the overstory canopy. Ambient levels of UV-B were reduced with Mylar D polyester film. Ammonium nitrate fertilizer was added in an amount equivalent to an additional 50 kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha–1. The soils of the Oliver forest were deep luvisols overlying a strongly calcareous till (average pH 6.0), while the naturally acidic soils of Haliburton were derived from the Precambrian Shield (average pH 4.7). Of the three main treatments used in this study, application of nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest impacts on foliar chemistry. At both sites, fertilizer application increased the acidity of the soils, while at Haliburton there were losses in total soil calcium. Haliburton maple seedlings had increased foliar concentrations of aluminum and manganese, decreased concentrations of calcium, and reduced calcium/manganese and magnesium/manganese nutrient ratios, after fertilizer was applied. Meanwhile, seedlings growing on the more alkaline soils of Oliver had increased foliar concentrations of magnesium following application of the nitrogen fertilizer. We suggest that these changes in the elemental chemistry of the soils and foliage brought on by continued nitrogen loading may predispose seedlings growing on naturally acidic soils, such as those of the Precambrian Shield, to further stress from additional abiotic and biotic stressors.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas C. Hutchinson, Eric P. S. Sager,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-160"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x05-160", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x05-160", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x05-160"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x05-259", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-07", "title": "Effects Of Organic Matter Removal And Soil Compaction On Fifth-Year Mineral Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Contents For Sites Across The United States And Canada", "description": "This study describes the main treatment effects of organic matter removal and compaction and a split-plot effect of competition control on mineral soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. Treatment effects on soil C and N pools are discussed for 19 sites across five locations (British Columbia, Northern Rocky Mountains, Pacific Southwest, and Atlantic and Gulf coasts) that are part of the Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) network and were established over 5 years ago. The sites cover a broad range of soil types, climatic conditions, and tree species. Most sites showed increased soil C and N levels 5 years after study establishment; however, the rate and magnitude of the changes varied between sites. Organic matter removal, compaction, or competition control did not significantly affect soil C and N contents at any site, except for the Northern Rocky Mountain site, where competition control significantly affected soil C and N contents. The observation that, after 5 years, the soil C and N contents were not negatively affected by even the extreme treatments demonstrates the high resiliency of the soil, at least in the short term, to forest management perturbations.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Allan E. Tiarks, Paul Sanborn, Felipe G. Sanchez, William K. Chapman, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, J. Marty Kranabetter, Robert F. Powers,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-259"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x05-259", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x05-259", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x05-259"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x96-169", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "title": "Mass And Nutrients In Woody Debris In Harvested And Wildfire-Killed Lodgepole Pine Forests In The Central Interior Of British Columbia", "description": "Mass and nutrients in woody debris, including coarse (\u22652.5 cm) and fine (<2.5 cm) woody debris, and wood decomposition rates were studied in harvested and wildfire-killed lodgepole pine forests (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.) in the central interior of British Columbia. There were significant differences in the mass of aboveground coarse woody debris and total woody debris between harvested and wildfire-killed sites. However, there were no significant differences in these two variables between stem-only harvested and whole-tree harvested sites. Whole-tree harvesting removed more N and P (about 2-fold) than stem-only harvesting. Belowground woody debris may be nutritionally important for stands growing on low-fertility sites because of its important contribution to the total woody debris and relatively high asymbiotic nitrogen fixation rates. Because of differences in size and position, coarse woody debris on the harvested sites decays more rapidly and persists for less time than that on the fire-killed sites. The nutrient removals caused by harvesting were within the estimated range of nutrient removals caused by wildfire. Resume : La masse des dObris ligneux, incluant les dObris grossiers (\u22652,5 cm) et fins (<2,5 cm), ainsi que les nutriments quiils contiennent et le taux de dOcomposition du bois furent OtudiOs dans des for\u0152ts de pin lodgepole (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.) qui avaient OtO rOcoltOes ou dOtruites par le feu dans le centre de la zone continentale en Colombie-Britannique. Il y avait des diffOrences significatives dans la masse des dObris ligneux grossiers OpigOs et dans les dObris ligneux totaux entre les sites rOcoltOs et les sites dOtruits par le feu. Cependant, il niy avait pas de diffOrence significative dans ces deux variables entre les sites oo seules les tiges avaient OtO rOcoltOes et les sites oo les arbres entiers avaient OtO rOcoltOs. La rOcolte diarbres entiers prOlevait environ deux fois plus de N et de P que la rOcolte des tiges seulement. Les dObris ligneux enfouis dans le sol pourraient avoir un impact sur la nutrition des peuplements qui croissent sur des sites oo la fertilitO est faible, Otant donnO quiils constituent une part importante de liensemble des dObris ligneux et que leur taux de fixation asymbiotique de liazote est relativement OlevO. Parce quiils diffrent par leur dimension et leur position, les dObris ligneux grossiers se dOcomposent plus rapidement et persistent moins longtemps dans les sites rOcoltOs que dans les sites dOtruits par le feu. Le prOlvement de nutriments ds \u2021 la rOcolte se situait dans les limites estimOes de prOlvement de nutriments ds aux feux de for\u0152t. (Traduit par la ROdaction)", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "James P. Kimmins, K Peel, Xiaohua Wei, O Steen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x96-169"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x96-169", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x96-169", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x96-169"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x05-048", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-18", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Thinning And Fertilization On Growth Of Red Fir In Northeastern California", "description": "To determine the impact of fertilization and thinning on growth and development of red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.) stands, we established an experiment in a 60-year-old stand using a 2 \uffc3\uff97 3 factorial design with nitrogen-fertilized and nonfertilized treatments and three stocking levels. Plots were established in 1976 and were measured every 5 years for 26 years. The periodic annual increment in basal area was 97%, 51%, 38%, and 33% greater in fertilized trees than in nonfertilized trees during the first, second, third, and fourth 5-year periods, respectively. After 20 years, annual basal area increment was greater in nonfertilized trees. The response of annual volume increment to fertilization was not statistically significant until the fourth period. Yet, volume increases of the fertilized plots were 25%–92% greater than those of the nonfertilized plots from 1976 to 1996. Similarly, basal area increment was greater in lightly thinned plots than in unthinned plots from the second period on, until heavy mortality during 1996–2002. Basal area increment was greater in the heavily thinned plots from the fourth period on. Results indicate that red fir can respond to fertilization and thinning quickly and that both treatments speed stand development. In addition, fertilization increases the stand's carrying capacity. Therefore, forest managers can use these silvicultural practices to improve stand growth, to reduce fire fuels, and to accelerate stand development.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robert F. Powers, Jianwei Zhang, William W. Oliver,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-048"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x05-048", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x05-048", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x05-048"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x05-258", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-07", "title": "Effects Of Harvesting And Soil Disturbance On Soil Co2efflux From A Jack Pine Forest", "description": "We measured organic matter removal and soil compaction effects on soil surface CO2 efflux (F) from a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest and developed an analytical framework involving multiplicative response functions to interpret response. Treatments included stem-only harvest (OM0C0), full-tree harvest (OM1C0), full-tree harvest with surface soil removal (OM2C0), full-tree harvest with surface soil removal and soil compaction (OM2C2), and uncut forest (UF). Mean F and calculated F at 10 \uffc2\uffb0C under nonlimiting soil moisture conditions (F10) were greatest in treatments with intact organic surfaces and often larger in the OM2C0 than in the OM2C2. F10 showed strong linear relationships with detrital production in harvested plots, with total near-surface carbon in all plots, and was positively correlated with understory cover. F increased exponentially with soil temperature, with the most and least pronounced responses found in the UF and OM2C0 treatments, respectively. F also responded in parabolic fashion to relative soil water content. In the UF, F was often low in May because of cold soils, but subsequently attained rates equivalent to those of the OM0C0 and OM1C0, despite lower soil temperatures. Three to five growing seasons after treatment, soil temperature and moisture, together with F10, explained 71%–87% of the plot-level variation in F.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michael F Laporte, R.L. Fleming, Gary D. Hogan, Paul W. Hazlett,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-258"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x05-258", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x05-258", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x05-258"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x2012-137", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-26", "title": "Post-Thinning Soil Organic Matter Evolution And Soil Co2 Effluxes In Temperate Radiata Pine Plantations: Impacts Of Moderate Thinning Regimes On The Forest C Cycle", "description": "Forest ecosystems can act as C sinks, thus absorbing a high percentage of atmospheric CO2. Appropriate silvicultural regimes can therefore be applied as useful tools in climate change mitigation strategies. The present study analyzed the temporal changes in the effects of thinning on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and on soil CO2 emissions in radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) forests. Soil C effluxes were monitored over a period of 2 years in thinned and unthinned plots. In addition, soil samples from the plots were analyzed by solid-state 13C-NMR to determine the post-thinning SOM composition and fresh soil samples were incubated under laboratory conditions to determine their biodegradability. The results indicate that the potential soil C mineralization largely depends on the proportion of alkyl-C and N-alkyl-C functional groups in the SOM and on the microbial accessibility of the recalcitrant organic pool. Soil CO2 effluxes varied widely between seasons and increased exponentially with soil heating. Thinning led to decreased soil respiration and attenuation of the seasonal fluctuations. These effects were observed for up to 20 months after thinning, although they disappeared thereafter. Thus, moderate thinning caused enduring changes to the SOM composition and appeared to have temporary effects on the C storage capacity of forest soils, which is a critical aspect under the current climatic change scenario.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x2012-137"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x2012-137", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x2012-137", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x2012-137"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x78-044", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-26", "title": "Biomass And Nutrient Distribution In Aspen, Pine, And Spruce Stands On The Same Soil Type In Minnesota", "description": "Vegetation and soils were sampled in adjacent 40-year-old stands of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench.) Voss), and aspen (Populustremuloides Michx., P. grandidentata Michx.) on a very fine sandy loam soil in north-central Minnesota. Total tree biomass was greatest for red pine followed by aspen, spruce, and jack pine. Nutrient weights (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) in the trees were greatest in aspen followed generally by spruce, red pine, and jack pine. Particularly large proportions of biomass and nutrients were found in aspen bark and spruce foliage and branches. Understory biomass contributed less than 1.2% of the total organic matter in the vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil complex but contributed up to 5.0% of the nutrients. Exchangeable Ca in the surface soil was much lower under aspen and spruce than under the pines. No significant soil differences between species were detected below 36\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm. Harvesting the entire aboveground portion of the tree would remove up to three times more nutrients from the site than would harvesting only the bole.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Yield", "Spermatophyta", "Angiosperms", "Nitrogen", "Sandy Loam", "plant nutrition", "Coniferopsida: Gymnospermae", "Gymnosperms", "magnesium", "Pinus Banksiana", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Dicots", "forest soils", "temperate zones", "Picea Glauca", "Populus Tremuloides", "nutrients", "Spermatophytes", "Magnesium", "phosphorus", "Plantae", "Pinus Resinosa", "Forest Sciences", "soil types ecological", "calcium", "Vascular Plants", "Salicaceae: Dicotyledones", "potassium", "Populus Grandidentata", "Phosphorus", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "nutrition", "Angiospermae", "Tracheophyta: Plantae", "Potassium", "Calcium"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alban, David H., Perala, Donald A., Schlaegel, Bryce E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/aspen_bib/article/5834/viewcontent/Alban412.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x78-044"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x78-044", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x78-044", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x78-044"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1978-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x06-035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-06", "title": "Influence Of Long-Term Nutrient Optimization On Biomass, Carbon, And Nitrogen Acquisition And Allocation In Norway Spruce", "description": "We examined the effects of a long-term nutrient-optimization treatment on the acquisition and allocation of biomass, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) in young Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growing in northern Sweden. After 12 years of fertilization the absolute biomass of stem, needles, living branches, and stump and coarse roots was more than doubled by nutrient optimization (irrigation – liquid fertilization treatment, IL), but the standing biomass of fine and small roots was unaffected compared with that of control trees. Biomass allocation among aboveground organs was not plastic to nutrient optimization and only the relative proportion of dead branches was reduced by nutrient optimization. Within the crown, biomass allocation to living branches was shifted towards the apex in IL trees. The N content in IL trees was substantially higher than in control trees. Most of the total N was allocated to needles and most of the needle N was found in the middle stratum of the living crown in both treatments, although the N concentration of current-year and older needles increased towards the apex in IL trees but not in control trees. The C concentration in the biomass components was not affected by the optimized fertilization. The results clearly show that there is a large potential to increase biomass production of Norway spruce (C sequestration) in the Nordic countries. This would secure the supply of raw material for the forest industry at the same time as the demand for biofuel from forest biomass is increasing.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "typpi", "Picea abies", "biomassa", "hiili", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "lannoitus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x06-035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x06-035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x06-035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x06-076", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-22", "title": "Changes In Organic Carbon Storage In A 50 Year White Spruce Plantation Chronosequence Established On Fallow Land In Quebec", "description": "The objectives of this study were to assess the change in organic carbon (C) stocks in aboveground biomass, litter, and soil in a 50 year chronosequence of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) plantations established on non-regenerated fallow land in Quebec, and to determine the effects of ploughing (furrows) on these C stocks. Woody aboveground biomass was determined from dendrometric surveys and the use of allometric equations. The litter was sampled as well as the underlying soil in layers 10 cm thick down to 50 cm depth. The plantations under study were C sinks over the 50 year period, since they accumulated 75 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 during this period, with the highest rate of C accumulation occurring in the woody aboveground vegetation between 10 and 35 years. The soil at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm depth was a C source, mainly until the plantations reached 22 years of age, with an annual loss of 0.8% over 50 years. No difference was observed among the controls and site-preparation treatments. These results suggest that 22-year-old white spruce plantations, the oldest considered for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2008\uffe2\uff80\uff932012), would be a small C sink (12 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931) in southeastern Quebec but would become a larger sink for subsequent commitment periods.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-076"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x06-076", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x06-076", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x06-076"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x06-153", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-09", "title": "Long-Term Thinning Effects On The Forest Floor And The Foliar Nutrient Status Of Norway Spruce Stands In The Belgian Ardennes", "description": "The long-term impact (30 years) of three contrasting thinning programs (unthinned, moderately thinned, and heavily thinned) on selected forest-floor properties and on the foliar nutrient status of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands (46, 50, and 67 years old) was evaluated at three sites on acid soils in the Belgian Ardennes. Sampling involved needles (current-year, 1-year-old, and recently fallen) and soil organic layers (OL, OF, OH, OA). For all samples, dry mass and element concentrations (C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Al, Fe) were determined. Linear mixed models were used to analyze these data and showed that forest-floor mass was negatively affected by thinning (p\uffe2\uff80\uff82=\uffe2\uff80\uff820.0003) and that the N concentration in the forest floor increased with thinning intensity (p\uffe2\uff80\uff82=\uffe2\uff80\uff820.0008), while its Mn concentration decreased (p\uffe2\uff80\uff82<\uffe2\uff80\uff820.0001). The N, P, and K concentrations in the current-year needles were decreased by thinning (p\uffe2\uff80\uff82<\uffe2\uff80\uff820.05), while the Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations were not affected. We hypothesize that thinning negatively affected N, P, and K nutrition by removing the nutrients contained in the thinned trees and by decreasing the forest-floor thickness, thus reducing its nutrient contents and its ability to support root growth.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-153"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x06-153", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x06-153", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x06-153"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x06-297", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-31", "title": "Ecosystem Carbon Accumulation Following Fallow Farmland Afforestation With Red Pine In Southern Quebec", "description": "We assessed the organic C stocks and inferred their changes in vegetation biomass, forest floor, and soil using a 50\uffc2\uffa0year chronosequence of red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations established on postagricultural fields in southern Quebec, Canada. The data come from soil and tree field surveys carried out in the 1970s in 348 sites. Organic C concentrations were usually measured in three major mineral soil horizons; for the remaining soil horizons, they were estimated using pedotransfer functions. The effect of soil order, drainage, and texture was analysed. Over 22\uffc2\uffa0years, organic C accumulation rates (Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931\uffc2\uffb7year\uffe2\uff80\uff931) were 1.66\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1 0.03 in vegetation biomass, 0.56\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1 0.07 in forest floor, 0.86\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1 0.47 in loamy soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm), and \uffc2\uffa0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.18\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1 0.24 in sandy soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm). The greater rate of C accumulation in loamy soils was due to the contribution of the 30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm subsoil layer. The overall net accumulation of organic C in these plantation ecosystems was estimated to 51.4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1 4.8 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931at 22\uffc2\uffa0years. Soils of these plantations acted as a C sink in the first two decades, particularly in loamy soils compared with sandy soils, with no major differences among soil order or drainage.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-297"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x06-297", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x06-297", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x06-297"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x07-031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-19", "title": "How Do Forest Harvesting Methods Compare With Wildfire ? A Case Study Of Soil Chemistry And Tree Nutrition In The Boreal Forest", "description": "An important tenet of the natural disturbance paradigm as a basis for sustainable forest management is that impacts of interventions fall within the range of natural variation observed for the disturbance in question. We evaluated differences in soil nutrients, soil acid\uffe2\uff80\uff93base status, and tree nutrition between two harvesting methods (whole-tree (WTH) and stem-only (SOH)) and wildfire, 15\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0years after disturbance, to assess whether these harvesting methods have biogeochemical impacts that are within the natural range of variation caused by wildfires in boreal coniferous stands of Haute-Mauricie (Quebec). Both SOH and WTH created conditions of forest floor effective cation-exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca and K concentrations, base saturation, Ca:Al molar ratio, and organic C concentrations that were lower than the range of values for wildfires. We hypothesize that the immediate deposition of soluble base cations and the incorporation of recalcitrant organic matter that characterize wildfires generate biogeochemical conditions that are not emulated by either harvesting method. The improved soil nutritional environment after wildfire compared with SOH and WTH was reflected in jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) foliar nutrient composition but not in black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) foliage. The results raise uncertainties about the long-term base nutrient availability of the harvested sites on Boreal Shield soils.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x07-031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x07-031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x07-031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x07-031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x07-080", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-03", "title": "Carbon Storage In A Chronosequence Of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens) Forests In Central Nova Scotia, Canada", "description": "Red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.) forests are an ecologically and economically important forest type in eastern Canada. We quantified the carbon (C) stocks of natural red spruce dominated stands in central Nova Scotia. Twenty-four stands over a 140\uffc2\uffa0year chronosequence were sampled. Within each stand, major C pools including above- and below-ground tree biomass, shrub and herb vegetation, dead organic matter, and upper (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) mineral soil were measured. A nonlinear four-parameter logistic function was fitted to the total site C stock data to describe the change in total ecosystem C storage over time. Total site C storage increased throughout stand development in a general sigmoidal pattern, increasing from 94.4\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931in the youngest age-class to a maximum of 247.0\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931in the 81- to 100-year-old age-class, then decreasing in the oldest age-classes. Carbon pools of live vegetation, standing dead trees, and downed woody debris displayed recognizable changes in C storage throughout stand development, conforming to some of the fundamental ideas on forest stand dynamics. Overall, above- and below-ground tree biomass had the greatest influence on total site C storage dynamics. These results are likely to be integrated into further forest management plans and generalized in other contexts to evaluate carbon stocks at the regional scale.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x07-080"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x07-080", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x07-080", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x07-080"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x07-164", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-09", "title": "Different Adaptive Responses Of Leaf Physiological And Biochemical Aspects To Drought In Two Contrasting Populations Of Seabuckthorn", "description": "Two contrasting populations of seabuckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) from western China were employed to study their differences in adaptive responses to drought. The Daofu population was from a wetter upland climate region, whereas the Dingxi populations was from a drier lowland climate region. A completely randomized design with two factors, two populations and two watering regimes (100% and 25% of the soil water holding capacity), was used. In both populations, drought significantly decreased growth and the net photosynthesis rate (A), and significantly increased the root/shoot ratio (RS), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, and abscisic acid (ABA) and proline contents. Compared with the Daofu population, drought induced a greater RS value, higher CAT, GPX, and APX activities, and a higher ABA content in the Dingxi population, whereas the gas exchange traits, for example, the stomatal limitation value (LS) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), were less responsive to drought in the Dingxi population. The two populations may have developed different strategies to tolerate drought, such as different pathways to dissipate excess absorbed light energy, to resist oxidative stress, and to keep water status. Such factors enable the Dingxi population to tolerate drought better than the Daofu population.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gang XuG. Xu, Gang XuG. Xu, Chunyang LiC. Li, Chunyang LiC. Li, Baoli DuanB. Duan, Baoli DuanB. Duan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x07-164"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x07-164", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x07-164", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x07-164"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x07-228", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-07", "title": "Carbon Cycling Along A Gradient Of Beech Bark Disease Impact In The Catskill Mountains, New York", "description": "Exotic pests and pathogens, through direct and indirect effects on forest structure and species composition, have the potential to significantly alter forest ecosystem processes, including C cycling. Throughout the northern hardwood forest, beech bark disease (BBD) is causing widespread disruption in forest structure and composition. In the Catskill Mountains of New York, some forests formerly codominated by American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) are shifting to sugar maple dominance. The effects of BBD and a subsequent shift in species composition on annual aboveground net primary production and soil CO2 efflux were examined in eight forest plots selected to represent a gradient of BBD impact. There were no significant trends in aboveground net primary production across this gradient. However, growing season soil CO2 efflux decreased linearly along the BBD gradient, declining by 40%. Although the mechanism controlling this decline is uncertain, the decrease in soil CO2 efflux with BBD impact and a shift to greater composition of sugar maple in litterfall could significantly alter C cycling in northern hardwood stands in the Catskill Mountains.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jessica E.HancockJ.E. Hancock, Jessica E.HancockJ.E. Hancock, Gary M.LovettG.M. Lovett, Gary M.LovettG.M. Lovett, Mary A. Arthur, Mary A. Arthur, Kathleen C. Weathers, Kathleen C. Weathers,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x07-228"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x07-228", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x07-228", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x07-228"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-24", "title": "Control Of Bush Encroachment In Borana Zone Of Southern Ethiopia: Effects Of Different Control Techniques On Rangeland Vegetation And Tick Populations", "description": "Open AccessA study on effects of bush encroachment control techniques on rangeland productivity and tick population dynamics was conducted in Arero district of Borana zone, southern Ethiopia, for three consecutive years. The study targeted two main and dominant encroaching bush species in Borana rangeland, Acacia drepanolobium and Acacia mellifera, and their effects on some vegetation attributes and tick population dynamics. A hectare of rangeland encroached by these two acacia species was replicated/divided into three plots, and each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to receive five treatments: cutting at 0.5 m above ground and pouring kerosene on stumps (T1), cutting at 0.5 m above ground and debarking the stumps down into the soil surface (T2), cutting at 0.5 m above ground alone (T3), cutting at 0.5 m above ground and dissecting the stumps (T4) and control (T5). Data on basal and litter covers, soil erosion and compaction, dead and re-sprouted encroaching tree/shrub species and nymph- and adult-stage tick populations were collected before and after treatment applications. The applied treatments significantly influenced (p < 0.05) basal cover, nymph- and adult-stage tick population and the two encroaching tree species. The results of this study showed that T3 and T2 were good in controlling A. drepanolobium in that order. T4 and T2 had a significant effect in controlling A. mellifera in their order. Controlling bush encroachment had also a positive effect in eradicating the tick population. The most dominant grass and non-grass species observed after the control actions were Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Abutilon hirtum, Pennisetum mezianum, Dyschoriste hildebrandtii, Zaleya pentandra and Eragrostis papposa. Therefore, controlling encroaching tree/shrub species had created a conducive grazing area with palatable herbaceous species for the livestock and unequivocally reduced tick population which play a role in reducing cattle milk production through closing off teats. The management of bush encroachment, if sustained, will contribute in stabilizing rangelands and help minimize the negative effects of feed and food crises in the future.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Population", "Lantana", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "01 natural sciences", "Basal area", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Rangeland Degradation", "Sociology", "Agroforestry Systems and Biodiversity Enhancement", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "Pathology", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Demography", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Forestry", "Factors Affecting Sagebrush Ecosystems and Wildlife Conservation", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Sociology", "Shrub", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Rangeland", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Tick"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bikila Negasa, Bedasa Eba, Samuel Tuffa, Barecha Bayissa, Jaldesa Doyo, N. Van Husen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pastoralism", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x07-196", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-09", "title": "Multi-Year Ecosystem Response To Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation In Southern New England Forests", "description": "The introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) ( Adelges tsugae Annand) has generated widespread tree decline and substantial mortality of eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carri\uffc3\uffa8re) throughout the eastern United States. To assess the magnitude of ecosystem response to this disturbance, we conducted a multi-year study of forests with and without damage from HWA. Infested forests had significantly higher HWA-induced foliar loss and significantly lower forest floor C:N ratios and soil organic matter than uninfested forests. There were no significant soil temperature differences among stand types, although infested stands did have lower forest floor soil moisture than uninfested stands. Net nitrification and net N mineralization rates were significantly higher in infested versus uninfested forests by the second and third year of this study, respectively. In addition, total N pools and resin bag capture of NH4 and NO3 were significantly higher in infested versus uninfested forests throughout this study. Increases in N were likely due to a combination of factors including enhanced decomposition, reduced uptake of water and N by declining trees, sparse understory vegetation, and N-enriched throughfall from infested canopies. These results confirm that invasive pests can initiate substantial changes in ecosystem function soon after infestation occurs, prior to substantial overstory mortality or understory reorganization.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x07-196"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x07-196", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x07-196", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x07-196"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x09-008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-17", "title": "Does Thinning Affect Litterfall, Litter Decomposition, And Associated Nutrient Release Inacacia Mangiumstands Of Kerala In Peninsular India?", "description": "Litter plays a vital role in the nutrient cycling of plantations and agroforests. Silvicultural interventions can alter litter production and decay rates, thereby varying nutrient fluxes. We evaluated the effect of various thinning densities on litter dynamics of 9-year-old Acacia mangium Willd. stands. To quantify litterfall, we placed traps at four random grid points in 24 plots in which none, one-third, one-half, or two-thirds of stems had been removed. In each plot, 48 litterbags were also placed to evaluate litter decay. Annual litterfall ranged from 5.73 (two-thirds thinning) to 11.18\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(unthinned) and showed a significant linear relationship to basal area (p\uffc2\uffa0< 0.0001). Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations were highest during the wet season, when litterfall production was low, implying an inverse relationship between litterfall quality and quantity. The highest annual N, P, and K additions (82.9, 3.3, and 71.9\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively) occurred in the unthinned stands. High thinning intensities resulted in accelerated decay rates, which we attribute to changes in microenvironment. Soil N concentrations were highest in the one-half thinning treatment, followed by the two-thirds treatment, signifying a trade-off between litterfall production and decay. The highest soil organic C concentrations were in the unthinned stands, reflecting the potential of high stand densities for promoting C sequestration.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x09-008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x09-008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x09-008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x09-008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x09-168", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-27", "title": "Effect Of Thinning, Fertilization With Biosolids, And Weather On Interannual Ring Specific Gravity And Carbon Accumulation Of A 55-Year-Old Douglas-Fir Stand In Western Washington", "description": "Marketing timber is shifting from logs, lumber, and veneer measured volumetrically to include carbon storage and energy that are based on dry mass. Conversion between volume and dry mass relies on accurate estimates of wood specific gravity (SG). We measured width and SG of growth rings and their earlywood and latewood components with X-ray densitometry on trees from controlled, thinned, biosolid fertilized, and combined treatments applied to a 55-year-old Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand. We developed models to predict interannual SG from climate and treatment effects and compared 20\uffc2\uffa0year changes in dry mass and carbon storage with estimates from biomass equations and from the Wood Handbook average SG. Thinning increased latewood width but did not affect ring SG. Biosolid fertilization increased earlywood and latewood width and decreased ring SG 8% by decreasing earlywood SG, latewood SG, and latewood percentage. SG decreased with increased July soil moisture deficit; alternatively, SG increased with increased July total precipitation. Warmer mean March\uffe2\uff80\uff93May or August\uffe2\uff80\uff93November temperatures also increased SG. Because of the effects on SG, dry mass and carbon storage changes differed from volume changes produced by the treatments. Dry mass estimates using the average Wood Handbook SG or those calculated from biomass equations were inconsistent between treatments, with errors up to 50%.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x09-168"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x09-168", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x09-168", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x09-168"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x08-152", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-21", "title": "Growth And Photosynthetic Responses Of Two Coniferous Species To Experimental Warming And Nitrogen Fertilization", "description": "The paper studied the short-term effects of experimental warming, nitrogen fertilization, and their combination on growth and photosynthetic performances of Picea asperata Mast. and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. seedlings. These seedlings were subjected to two levels of temperature (ambient temperature and infrared heater warming) and two nitrogen levels (0 and 25 g N\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff80\uff932\uffc2\uffb7year\uffe2\uff80\uff931) for 6\uffc2\uffa0months. Warming alone and fertilization alone significantly increased biomass accumulation and photosynthetic performances of both two species. The combination of warming and fertilization stimulated greater accumulation of stem, root, and total biomass and further increased chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate (A) in Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings. However, for Picea asperata seedlings, the interaction induced less increment in plant height, total biomass, chlorophyll contents, A, and the efficiency of photosystem than nitrogen treatment alone. These results implied that both climate warming and nitrogen addition were favorable for the early growth of both coniferous species; the interaction of these two factors caused adding or multiplying single-factor effects in the case of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings but dampening them in the case of Picea asperata seedlings, at least in short time.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chunzhang ZhaoC. Zhao, Qing LiuQ. Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x08-152"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x08-152", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x08-152", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x08-152"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x09-053", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-20", "title": "Effects Of Tree Species And Clear-Cut Forestry On Forest-Floor Characteristics In Adjacent Temperate Forests In Northern Spain", "description": "The litter layer (L) and fermented humified layer (FH) in forest floor under European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.), pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.), and radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) were studied in northern Spain. Recovery from heavy mechanization was also assessed in a chronosequence from two adjacent pine plantations (3 and 16\uffc2\uffa0years old). Interspecific differences in forest-floor mass and mass distribution were related to litter quality and decomposition rates. In the L layer, acid-insoluble residue/N, C/N, and C/P ratios were lower, and pH and Ca contents higher in the deciduous stands than in the pine stand. The microbial respiration rate was higher and functional diversity lower in the pine stand than in the deciduous stands, without differences in microbial biomass. Cross-polarization, magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and proximate analysis revealed similar C functional groups in beech and pine stands. Forest floor was still absent 3\uffc2\uffa0years after heavy mechanization, and after 16\uffc2\uffa0years, it was 50% less abundant than in the mature stand. Microbial respiration rate, biomass, and diversity were similar in the L layer in 16-year-old and mature pine stands, but in the FH layer, microbial-community diversity remained low after 16\uffc2\uffa0years. The results underline the effects of forest management on C transformations in the forest-floor layers. These effects may be evident even after 16\uffc2\uffa0years of heavy mechanization.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x09-053"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x09-053", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x09-053", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x09-053"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x10-193", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-21", "title": "Stand Development Following Precommercial Thinning And Fertilization Treatments In A Western Redcedar (Thuja Plicata) Dominated Forest", "description": "Western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D.\uffe2\uff80\uff89Don.) is an important North American tree species, but little information is available on its long-term responses to silvicultural treatments. Stand responses (mortality, ingrowth, basal area and volume growth, and distributions of trees by diameter and height classes) were followed for 25\uffc2\uffa0years after thinning and fertilization treatments (alone and in combination) were applied to a naturally regenerated, low site quality western redcedar stand on the Olympic Peninsula in western Washington, USA. Mortality was low overall, but the densest stands experienced competition-related mortality. Thinning resulted in additional stem recruitment; after 25\uffc2\uffa0years, the number of ingrowth trees exceeded the number of trees in the cohort left after thinning. Fertilization (with nitrogen and phosphorus) flattened size distributions and skewed them to larger size classes. Thinning plus fertilization resulted in the largest individual trees and the most large trees, but also many trees in a wide range of diameter classes. The recruitment of a second cohort did not result in a two-storied stand. Fertilization without thinning resulted in the greatest stand basal area and volume, as well as trees with fewer live lower branches.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Constance A. Harrington, Warren D. Devine,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x10-193"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x10-193", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x10-193", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x10-193"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x10-002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-26", "title": "Age-Related Patterns Of Forest Complexity And Carbon Storage In Pine And Aspen-Birch Ecosystems Of Northern Minnesota, Usa", "description": "Forest managers are seeking strategies to create stands that can adapt to new climatic conditions and simultaneously help mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2. Adaptation strategies often focus on enhancing resilience by maximizing forest complexity in terms of species composition and size structure, while mitigation involves sustaining carbon storage and sequestration. Altered stand age is a fundamental consequence of forest management, and stand age is a powerful predictor of ecosystem structure and function in even-aged stands. However, the relationship between stand age and either complexity or carbon storage and sequestration, especially trade-offs between the two, are not well characterized. We quantified these relationships in clearcut-origin, unmanaged pine and aspen chronosequences ranging from <10 to >130\uffc2\uffa0years in northern Minnesota. Complexity generally increased with age, although compositional complexity changed more over time in aspen forests and structural complexity changed more over time in pine stands. Although individual carbon pools displayed various relationships with stand age, total carbon storage increased with age, whereas carbon sequestration, inferred from changes in storage, decreased sharply with age. These results illustrate the carbon and complexity consequences of varying forest harvest rotation length to favor younger or older forests and provide insight into trade-offs between these potentially conflicting management objectives.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x10-002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x10-002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x10-002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x10-002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x10-013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-04", "title": "Thinning And Site Quality Influence Aboveground Tree Carbon Stocks In Yellow-Poplar Forests Of The Southern Appalachians", "description": "Little information exists regarding the effects of intermediate stand management activities (e.g., thinning) on C storage. This lack of information has created uncertainty regarding trade-offs between the benefits observed following thinning and C storage. Using long-term growth data, this study examines the effect of thinning on C storage while controlling for the effects of site quality in yellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.) forests throughout the southern Appalachian Mountains. In 1960, one hundred and eighteen 0.1\uffc2\uffa0ha plots were established in yellow-poplar forests throughout the southern Appalachians and subsequently thinned to a randomly assigned residual basal area (RBA) (square metres per hectare). Carbon storage increased through time across all levels of RBA. RBA had a long-term effect on C storage with greater C storage occurring at greater RBA. On average-quality sites, thinning to 30\uffc2\uffa0m2\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931stored 84% more C than thinning to 10\uffc2\uffa0m2\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931. At no time did plots with progressively lower RBA store more C than plots with progressively higher RBA. The results from this study provide information about the effects of intermediate silvicultural disturbance on C dynamics of the aboveground live tree pool in a complex landscape and may be used to inform decisions regarding trade-offs between active management and C storage.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tara L. Keyser", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x10-013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x10-013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x10-013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x10-013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x75-019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-23", "title": "Effect Of Thinning On The Production Of High-Quality Wood In A Quebec Northern Hardwood Stand", "description": "In 1963, two intensities of thinning were carried out in a 60-year-old northern hardwood stand of fire origin. Yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.) made up as much as 40% of the total number of trees 9\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm d.b.h. and up. By 1973, both sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch had responded to thinning, the former more than the latter. The percentages of yellow birch trees had not changed regardless of treatment. There were between 120 and 129 trees/ha of the 25\uffe2\uff80\uff9339\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm diameter class in the unthinned as well as in the thinned areas. Basal area of the trees 9\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm d.b.h. and up had increased by 5.4, 7.6, and 8.1\uffe2\uff80\uff82m2/ha in the unthinned, 20% thinned, and 40% thinned area, respectively. A decrease in stem quality was not observed, even at the 40% thinning intensity. Both thinning intensities were thus successful except that they somewhat favored sugar maple at the expense of yellow birch.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. R. Roberge", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x75-019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x75-019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x75-019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x75-019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x26-042", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-23", "title": "Biomass And Nutrient Element Dynamics In Douglas-Fir: Effects Of Thinning And Nitrogen Fertilization Over 18 Years", "description": "The effects of thinning (two-thirds of basal area removed) and N fertilization (448\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg N/ha as urea) on biomass and nutrition of a 24-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand at Shawnigan Lake were studied over 18 years. At years 0, 9, and 18 after treatments, the aboveground biomass and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents of stemwood, stem bark, foliage, and dead and live branches were determined (kg/ha), and increments in these properties (kg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were calculated for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff939 and 9\uffe2\uff80\uff9318 year periods. Foliar biomass was increased by both treatments during the first period and also by thinning in the second period. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) per unit of foliage biomass (foliage efficiency) was increased by treatments in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff939 year period. The combined effects of increased foliage mass and foliage efficiency resulted in increased total biomass production. Thinning and fertilization increased the uptake of all elements except for P with fertilization. This increase may have contributed to the long-term increase in stem growth. Retranslocation of elements before foliage shedding was important for tree nutrition, but was not improved by fertilization during the 9\uffe2\uff80\uff9318 year measurement period. The efficiency of N use in dry matter production (ANPP/unit of N uptake) was decreased by fertilization. This implied that poor sites would respond better to fertilization than rich sites.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x26-042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x26-042", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x26-042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x26-042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x82-024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-23", "title": "Growth Response Of Postfire Quaking Aspen (Populustremuloidesmichx.) To N, P, And K Fertilization", "description": "Yearly applications of N, P, and K fertilizer for a 6-year period to a young, postfire aspen forest, resulted in substantial increases in tree growth primarily in response to nitrogen. The main effect of N was to increase, by at least a factor of two, the stand leaf area index, and bole and total aboveground tree mass. Improved nitrogen nutrition appeared to reduce the efficiency of production per unit of nitrogen incorporated into tree crowns.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lola Oliver, Keith Van Cleve,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x82-024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x82-024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x82-024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x82-024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1982-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x83-018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-31", "title": "Nitrogen Accretion, Soil Fertility, And Douglas-Fir Nutrition In Association With Redstem Ceanothus", "description": "Nutrient contents of soil and foliage of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) saplings were determined in areas without redstem ceanothus (Ceanothussanguineus Pursh), at the edges of redstem ceanothus patches, and within patches. Tree growth was not examined. Total soil N (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm depth) was 50\uffe2\uff80\uff9375% greater at the edge of and within redstem patches than in areas without redstem. Assuming soil N was initially similar at all three positions, N accretion was 24\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for 10 years. Total N accretion in the ecosystem was probably 45\uffe2\uff80\uff9380\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Available N index and extractable Ca and Mg were 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 times greater at the edges of and within the redstem patches than outside them. Concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg in the Douglas-fir foliage were lowest outside the patches, intermediate at the edges, and highest within the patches. Because needle weight was lower for saplings within patches than for those at the edges, the latter had the greatest foliar nutrient content. Enhancement of site fertility by redstem ceanothus, as well as its benefits to wildlife and slope stability, make it an attractive candidate for mixed plantations with conifers.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x83-018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x83-018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x83-018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x83-018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1983-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x82-111", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-01", "title": "Effects Of Thinning On Biomass Growth In Young Populus-Tremuloides Plots", "description": "Stem, branch, and leaf biomass and leaf-area index (LAI) were estimated for 4 years of growth in plots of thinned and unthinned 7-year-old Populustremuloides Michx. In 1978, transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was monitored to estimate percent PAR transmitted. Four years after thinning total aboveground biomass and LAI in the thinned plots exceeded prethinning levels, but were still much less than in the unthinned plots. Leaf biomass and LAI in the unthinned plots increased to 3900\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 5.7, respectively, but were still increasing in the thinned plots. Annual net stem and branch production during the study was relatively constant at about 5300\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the unthinned plots, while net production in the thinned plots was still increasing. Transmitted PAR attenuated rapidly to LAI 3.5, approaching asymptote near LAI 5. Results suggest that, in the short term, thinning of young stands will decrease total aboveground biomass, but net annual biomass accumulation may not be greatly different between thinned and unthinned stands. LAI 3.5 may be an acceptable value for 11-year-old stands but should be permitted to increase to near LAI 5 in older stands.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Genetics and Genomics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hocker, H. W., Jr.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x82-111"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x82-111", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x82-111", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x82-111"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1982-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x84-136", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-15", "title": "Organic-Matter And Nitrogen-Content Of The Forest Floor In Even-Aged Northern Hardwoods", "description": "Organic content of the forest floor decreases for several years after clear-cutting, and then slowly recovers. Thickness, bulk density, organic matter, and nitrogen content of forest floors were measured for 13 northern hardwood stands in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Stands ranged from 1 to about 100 years in age. Forest-floor thickness varied significantly with stand age, but bulk density, organic fraction, and nitrogen fraction were independent of age. Total organic content of the forest floor agreed very well with data from Covington's (W. W. Covington 1981. Ecology, 62: 41\uffe2\uff80\uff9348) study of the same area. Both studies indicated that mature forest floors have about 80\uffe2\uff80\uff82Mg organic matter\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 1.9\uffe2\uff80\uff82Mg nitrogen\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Within 10 or 15 years after cutting, the organic matter content of the floor decreases to 50\uffe2\uff80\uff82Mg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and its nitrogen content to 1.1\uffe2\uff80\uff82Mg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The question whether the decrease is rapid and the minimum broad and flat, or if the decrease is gradual and the minimum sharp, cannot be answered. The subsequent increase to levels reached in mature forest requires about 50 years. Some of the initial decrease in organic matter and nitrogen content of the forest floor may be caused by organic decomposition and nitrogen leaching, but mechanical and chemical mixing of floor into mineral soil, during and after the harvest operation, may also be important. The difference is vital with respect to maintenance of long-term productivity.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "C. Anthony Federer", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x84-136"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x84-136", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x84-136", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x84-136"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1984-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x99-079", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Cycling Following Prescribed Burning In Natural And Managed Aleppo Pine Forests", "description": "Two prescribed burnings (downhill and uphill fires) were conducted in two stands of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.): a natural stand and a managed stand that was subject to thinning, pruning, and shrub removal. The concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the pine needles and regrowth of the main shrub species, Quercus coccifera L., and the quantities of N and P in the needle fall and in the forest floor were measured during the 6 months following the fires. The concentrations of N and P in the pine needles and leaves of Q. coccifera increased compared with the unburned control after both fires in the natural stand, where there was only a slight reduction in fuel during prescribed burnings and where there was an abundant fall of scorched needles. In contrast, the chemical composition of the foliage was unchanged after the fires in the managed stand, where there was a greater reduction in fuel, and where only small quantities of scorched needles fell. This study showed that first opening prescribed burnings (natural stand) were less severe in terms of nutrient balance than maintenance prescribed burnings (managed stand) and that the forest floor reduction was a good indicator of fire severity.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", "forestry", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "PIN D'ALEP"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gillon, D., Houssard, C., Valette, J.C., Rigolot, Eric,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x99-079"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x99-079", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x99-079", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x99-079"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x87-144", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-25", "title": "Effect Of Thinning On Production And Mortality Of Fine Roots In A Pinus-Radiata Plantation On A Fertile Site In New-Zealand", "description": "The effects of heavy thinning (60% reduction in basal area) on fine (<\uffe2\uff80\uff821\uffe2\uff80\uff82mm diam.) and small roots (1\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffe2\uff80\uff82mm diam.) were evaluated during the 2nd year following treatment by periodic soil core sampling in a 12-year-old plantation of Pinusradiata D. Don. Data from these samples enabled us to estimate monthly standing crops of live and dead fine roots and seasonal rates of fine-root decomposition. We used a compartment-flow model to estimate production and mortality of fine roots with monthly resolution from these data. The general pattern of production and mortality was modal and out of phase with soil temperature. On an area basis, thinning reduced the overall standing crop of live fine roots from 1.38 to 0.55\uffe2\uff80\uff82Mg/ha; the standing crop of dead fine roots remained unchanged at 4.37\uffe2\uff80\uff82Mg/ha. The standing crop of live small roots declined from 1.03 to 0.54\uffe2\uff80\uff82Mg/ha. Annual production of fine roots was estimated at 2.2 and 1.9\uffe2\uff80\uff82Mg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the control and thinned treatment, respectively, and mortality was estimated at 2.1 and 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff82Mg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ear\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the control and thinned treatment, respectively. Thinning shortened mean fine-root longevity from 6.2 to 2.5 months. With respect to total dry matter production, fine-root production remained a minor component following a heavy thinning. It accounted for only 4.6 and 6.1% of the stand total in the control and thinned treatments, respectively. These results indicate that on a fertile site with a mild climate the opportunity to shift production from fine roots to another component, such as stem wood, is likely to be small.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "E. Santantonio, D. Santantonio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x87-144"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x87-144", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x87-144", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x87-144"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1987-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x88-221", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-19", "title": "Biomass And Nutrients In Regenerating Woody Vegetation Following Whole-Tree And Conventional Harvest In A Northern Mixed Forest", "description": "Biomass and nutrient contents of regenerating woody plants and litter fall were measured after a northern mixed conifer\uffe2\uff80\uff93hardwood forest was harvested by conventional and whole-tree methods. Before harvest, the central Ontario study site was occupied by a 95-year-old pine (Pinusresinosa, P. strobus) and aspen (Populustremuloides, P. grandidentata) stand growing on gently rolling, gravel-free outwash sands. Four years after harvest, aspen abundance increased 100-fold in both harvested areas, with higher densities after whole-tree harvest (WTH) (4.1\uffe2\uff80\uff82stems/m2) than after conventional harvest (CH) (2.7\uffe2\uff80\uff82stems/m2). No self-thinning of aspen occurred between 2 and 4 years after harvest. Total aboveground woody biomass accumulated at 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff82t\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the WTH area and 1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff82t\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the CH area; the preharvest rate was 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff82t\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Peak autumn litter production occurred earlier in the harvested areas than in an adjacent uncut area. Cycling of N and K in litter fall returned to preharvest rates after 4 years. Cycling of Ca in litter fall was lower after WTH than after CH. Vegetation uptake of N and K (litter fall plus woody biomass) in the harvested areas in year 4 exceeded the preharvest value. Increased N accumulation in woody biomass (3.0\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 before harvest, 10.6\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 after WTH) would place a relatively greater demand on forest floor N pools in the WTH than in the CH area owing to lack of N input in logging slash. Although WTH did not reduce initial rates of biomass production, Populus spp. had lower concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg in the WTH area than in the CH area. There may be a danger that WTH on less fertile sites in the region will produce dense, unproductive aspen stands with low rates of self-thinning.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Spermatophyta", "Angiosperms", "Broadleaves", "Forest litter", "Microorganisms", "Coniferopsida: Gymnospermae", "Gymnosperms", "01 natural sciences", "logging", "Dicots", "pines", "nutrients", "Spermatophytes", "Natural regeneration", "Plant nutrition", "Plantae", "Forest Sciences", "Vascular Plants", "biomass", "Stand characteristics", "Salicaceae: Dicotyledones", "thinning", "Soil morphology", "Cycling", "Forestry", "Pinus Resinosa Pinus Strobus Populus Tremuloides Populus Grandidentata Forest Biomass Energy Forest Products", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Conifers", "Angiospermae", "composition", "whole tree logging", "nutrient reserves", "natural thinning", "measurement", "ecology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hendrickson, O.Q.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x88-221"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x88-221", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x88-221", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x88-221"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1988-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x89-112", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-19", "title": "Nutrient Cycling Following Whole-Tree And Conventional Harvest In Northern Mixed Forest", "description": "Soil and water chemistry and soil-respiration activity were studied in a mature, mixed conifer and hardwood forest and in adjacent whole-tree harvest (WTH) and conventional harvest (CH) areas dominated by hardwood sprouts. Compared with the uncut mature forest, forest floor contents of N and K were lower in the WTH area 3 years after harvest; Ca and Mg were higher in the CH area, probably owing to inputs in logging slash. Mineral soil Ca and pH were higher in the harvested areas than in the uncut area. During the 2nd year after harvest, cation concentrations in forest floor leachate varied in the order WTH\uffe2\uff80\uff82>\uffe2\uff80\uff82CH\uffe2\uff80\uff82>\uffe2\uff80\uff82uncut area, but differences largely disappeared the next year. Soil water NO3 concentrations were slightly elevated in the CH area, but only 1.6\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg\uffe2\uff80\uff82N\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 leached below the rooting zone. Bulk precipitation K and Mg concentrations were lower in the WTH area than in the CH area owing to the loss of canopy leaching from the residual stand. Slightly higher amounts of cations were found in the snowpack under the mature forest canopy. Midwinter rains caused movement of NO3 and H within the snowpack. Despite the higher soil-respiration rates in the harvested areas, no differences in soil organic matter pools were observed relative to the uncut area; harvest-related inputs of slash, decaying roots, and stumps may have offset respiratory carbon losses. Current high nutrient demands of rapidly growing sprouts in the WTH area greatly exceed nutrient inputs in bulk precipitation; this may lead to future growth declines.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. Chatarpaul, O. Q. Hendrickson, D. Burgess,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x89-112"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x89-112", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x89-112", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x89-112"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1989-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x90-197", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-18", "title": "Distribution Of Carbon And Nutrients And Fluxes Of Mineral Nitrogen After Clear-Felling A Pinus-Radiata Plantation", "description": "The effects of clear-felling and slash removal on the distribution of organic matter and nutrients, fluxes of mineral N, and soil water and temperature were studied in a 37-year-old Pinusradiata D. Don plantation, on a sandy Podzol in southeastern Australia. Slash, litter, and the top 30\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm of soil combined contained 1957\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg N\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, of which slash and litter contained 12 and 25%, respectively. Therefore, loss of slash and litter due to burning or other intensive site preparation practices would substantially reduce the N capital at the site. During the first 18 months after clear-felling, soil water content in the clear-felled area was up to 50% higher than in the uncut plantation, but there were only minor differences in soil temperature. Slash removal decreased the water content of litter, but had little effect on the water content or temperature of the soil. In the uncut plantation, N mineralized in litter and soil was completely taken up by the trees. Following clear-felling, rates of N mineralization increased in litter after 4 months, and in soil after 12 months, but changes were less pronounced with slash removal. After clear-felling, increased mineralization and the absence of trees (no uptake) led to increased concentrations of mineral N in both litter and soil, 64\uffe2\uff80\uff9376% of which was leached below the 30\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm soil depth prior to replanting. Despite leaching, concentrations of mineral N after clear-felling remained higher than those in the uncut plantation for at least 3 years.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x90-197"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x90-197", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x90-197", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x90-197"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1990-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x92-039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-18", "title": "The Influence Of Soil Texture And Aggregation On Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics In Southwest Oregon Forests And Clearcuts", "description": "Soil texture and aggregation on two old, poorly vegetated clearcuts and adjacent forests in southwest Oregon were investigated for their influence on loss of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in disturbed ecosystems with different soil parent material and texture. We determined C and N concentrations in five particle size fractions to detect changes in the more labile components of soil organic matter. The extent to which the labile components were protected from microbial degradation was tested by estimating increases in N availability (anaerobic incubation) after soil aggregates were sonically disrupted. In comparisons of silt loam and sandy loam soils, the coarser soil had lower total C and N concentrations, lower levels of available N in sonically disrupted soil, and significantly greater decreases in available N associated with clear-cutting; nevertheless, C and N losses from the clearcut with fine-textured soil may have been greater, as shown by lower C and N concentrations in silt and clay particle size fractions. The silt loam soil appeared to have a larger pool of physically protected, labile N, which acts as a 'slow-release' mechanism that sustains available N at preharvest levels.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jeffrey G. Borchers, David A. Perry,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x92-039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x92-039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x92-039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x92-039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1992-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x92-115", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-07", "title": "Comparison Of Methods For Estimating Soil-Nitrogen Transformations In Adjacent Conifer And Alder-Conifer Forests", "description": "Nitrogen transformations were examined in two pairs of adjacent, 55-year-old forests dominated by conifers (primarily Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco)) and by conifers and nitrogen-fixing red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.). Nitrogen availability was examined in aerobic and anaerobic incubations in the laboratory, and with resin-core and buried-bag incubations in the field. Rates of nitrogen mineralization and immobilization were examined in the field incubations using [15N]ammonium. Net nitrogen mineralization in a year-long series of resin-core incubations of forest floor plus 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.15\uffe2\uff80\uff82m depth soil was about 9\uffe2\uff80\uff82kmol\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the two alder\uffe2\uff80\uff93conifer stands, but almost nil in the conifer stand at the low-productivity Wind River site, and 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff82kmol\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the conifer stand at the high-productivity Cascade Head site. The 15N pool dilution experiment showed that buried-bag incubations demonstrated more differences among stands than did resin cores; resin cores typically gave greater rates than buried bags. Previous estimates of nitrogen budgets were coupled with net mineralization estimates to examine how well the estimated fluxes balanced at an ecosystem scale. This tabulation of the complete nitrogen cycles showed substantial discrepancies, prompting caution in interpretation of some of the differences among the stands.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x92-115"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x92-115", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x92-115", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x92-115"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1992-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x96-184", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Short- And Long-Term Effects Of Prescribed Underburning On Nitrogen Availability In Ponderosa Pine Stands In Central Oregon", "description": "Les effets du brulage dirige sur les pools de C total, de N total et de N inorganique du sol ainsi que sur la mineralisation nette de N in situ ont ete evalues dans une etude d'une duree d'un an realisee dans des stations de pin a bois lourd (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) qui avaient ete brulees experimentalement 4 mois, 5 ans et 12 ans auparavant. Dans les stations brulees 4 mois auparavant, les concentrations de C total et de N inorganique ont augmente significativement (p < 0,1) apres brulage, comparativement aux aires temoins non brulees. Cependant, la concentration de N inorganique a diminue pendant l'annee qu'a duree cette etude pour atteindre les niveaux des parcelles temoins a la fin de la deuxieme saison de croissance. Dans la station brulee 5 ans auparavant, les concentrations de C total, de N total et de N inorganique, de meme que la mineralisation nette de N, ont decru significativement apres le brulage dirige. Dans les stations brulees 12 ans auparavant, les pools de N et de C n'ont pas ete affectes mais la mineralisation nette de N a diminue significativement apres brulage. Cette diminution de la mineralisation nette de N est probablement attribuable a la baisse de la quantite du substrat 5 ans apres brulage et aux modifications de sa qualite 12 ans apres brulage. Une diminution prolongee de la mineralisation nette de N dans les stations de pin a bois lourd pauvres en azote de la region centrale de l'Oregon pourrait entrainer en une baisse de la productivite a long terme de la station et pourrait expliquer les patrons observes de diminution de la croissance des peuplements a long terme apres brulage dirige.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kermit Cromack, Johanna D. Landsberg, Vicente J. Monleon,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x96-184"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x96-184", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x96-184", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x96-184"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x92-146", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-18", "title": "Carbon Storage In Lake States Aspen Ecosystems", "description": "Total ecosystem carbon in the soil and vegetation was measured for a range of aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) ecosystems, including a chronosequence on the same soil ranging in age from 0 to 80 years. Soil carbon stayed relatively constant throughout the stand's life and was not affected by timber harvesting. Changes in ecosystem carbon closely paralleled the changes in standing biomass. Aspen grown on 40-year rotations on good soils will sequester several times as much carbon per year as old-growth forests.
", "keywords": ["Management Options", "0106 biological sciences", "Michigan", "Spermatophyta", "Angiosperms", "Broadleaves", "wisconsin", "aspen", "Minnesota", "01 natural sciences", "Dicots", "forest succession", "Spermatophytes", "Populus tremuloides", "Biomass", "Plantae", "Forest Sciences", "USA", "Vascular Plants", "Salicaceae: Dicotyledones", "carbon", "Rotation Length", "age of trees", "Forestry", "Carbon cycle", "plant succession", "Plants", "Timber Harvest", "forest ecosystem", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "Angiospermae", "Chronosequence Soil Carbon", "ecosystems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alban, David H., Perala, D.A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x92-146"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x92-146", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x92-146", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x92-146"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1992-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x95-137", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-27", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Co2and N Fertilization On Soil Respiration From Ponderosa Pine (Pinusponderosa) In Open-Top Chambers", "description": "We measured growing season soil CO2 evolution under elevated atmospheric CO2 and soil nitrogen (N) additions. Our objectives were to determine treatment effects, quantify seasonal variation, and determine regulating mechanisms. Elevated CO2 treatments were applied in open-top chambers containing 3-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings. Nitrogen applications were made annually in early spring. The experimental design was a replicated factorial combination of CO2 (ambient,\uffe2\uff80\uff82+\uffe2\uff80\uff82175, and\uffe2\uff80\uff82+\uffe2\uff80\uff82350 \uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uffa2L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 CO2) and N (0, 10, and 20 g\uffe2\uff80\uffa2m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 N as ammonium sulfate). Soils were irrigated to maintain soil moisture at >25%. Soil CO2 evolution was measured over diurnal periods (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9322\uffe2\uff80\uff82h) in April, June, and October 1993 using a flow-through, infrared gas analyzer measurement system. To examine regulating mechanisms, we linked our results with other studies measuring root biomass with destructive sampling and root studies using minirhizotron techniques. Significantly higher soil CO2 evolution was observed in the elevated CO2 treatments in April and October; N effects were not significant. In October, integrated daily values for CO2 evolution rang ed from 3.73 to 15.68 g CO2\uffe2\uff80\uffa2m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uffa2day\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the ambient CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff82+\uffe2\uff80\uff820 N and 525\uffe2\uff80\uff82\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uffa2L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff82+\uffe2\uff80\uff8220\uffe2\uff80\uff82g\uffe2\uff80\uff82m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 N, respectively. Soil CO2 flux among treatments was correlated with coarse root biomass (r2\uffe2\uff80\uff82=\uffe2\uff80\uff820.40; p\uffe2\uff80\uff82>F\uffe2\uff80\uff82=\uffe2\uff80\uff820.0380), indicating that at least some of the variation observed among treatments was related to variation in root respiration. Across all sample periods and treatments, there was a significant correlation (r2\uffe2\uff80\uff82=\uffe2\uff80\uff820.63; p\uffe2\uff80\uff82>F\uffe2\uff80\uff82=\uffe2\uff80\uff820.0001) between soil CO2 evolution and percent fungal hyphae observed in minirhizotron tubes. Hence, some of the seasonal and treatment variation was also related to differences in heterotrophic activity.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roger F. Walker, David T. Tingey, James M. Vose, Katherine J. Elliott, Dale W. Johnson, Mark Johnson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x95-137"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x95-137", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x95-137", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x95-137"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological&offset=2250&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological&offset=2250&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological&offset=2200", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological&offset=2300", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 3557, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:11:09.539370Z"}