The present review covers developments in studies of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment since our much cited review in 2008. We discuss novel insights into fate and behavior, metrology, transformations, bioavailability, toxicity mechanisms, and environmental impacts, with a focus on terrestrial and aquatic systems. Overall, the findings were that: 1) despite substantial developments, critical gaps remain, in large part due to the lack of analytical, modeling, and field capabilities, and also due to the breadth and complexity of the area; 2) a key knowledge gap is the lack of data on environmental concentrations and dosimetry generally; 3) substantial evidence shows that there are nanospecific effects (different from the effects of both ions and larger particles) on the environment in terms of fate, bioavailability, and toxicity, but this is not consistent for all NMs, species, and relevant processes; 4) a paradigm is emerging that NMs are less toxic than equivalent dissolved materials but more toxic than the corresponding bulk materials; and 5) translation of incompletely understood science into regulation and policy continues to be challenging. There is a developing consensus that NMs may pose a relatively low environmental risk, but because of uncertainty and lack of data in many areas, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. In addition, this emerging consensus will likely change rapidly with qualitative changes in the technology and increased future discharges. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2029\uffe2\uff80\uff932063. \uffc2\uffa9 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
", "keywords": ["aquatic and soil organisms", "hazard/risk assessment", "Nanoecotoxicity", "Biological Availability", "Environmental Exposure", "Nanometrology", "Aquatic and soil organisms; Nanometrology; Hazard/risk assessment; Nanoecotoxicity; Nanomaterials", "Ecotoxicology", "nanometrology", "01 natural sciences", "Nanostructures", "nanoecotoxicity", "13. Climate action", "Aquatic and soil organisms", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Hazard/risk assessment", "Ecosystem", "Nanomaterials", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.4147"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4147"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Toxicology%20and%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/etc.4147", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/etc.4147", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/etc.4147"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-12-10", "title": "Carbon Availability Controls The Growth Of Detritivores (Lumbricidae) And Their Effect On Nitrogen Mineralization", "description": "Activity of soil decomposer microorganisms is generally limited by carbon availability, but factors controlling saprophagous soil animals remain largely unknown. In contrast to microorganisms, animals are unable to exploit mineral nutrient pools. Therefore, it has been suggested that soil animals, and earthworms in particular, are limited by the availability of nitrogen. In contrast to this view, a strong increase in density and biomass of endogeic earthworms in response to labile organic carbon addition has been documented in field experiments. The hypothesis that the growth of endogeic earthworms is primarily limited by carbon availability was tested in a laboratory experiment lasting for 10 weeks. In addition, it was investigated whether the effects of earthworms on microbial activity and nutrient mineralization depend on the availability of carbon resources. We manipulated food availability to the endogeic earthworm species Octolasion tyrtaeum by using two soils with different organic matter content, providing access to different amounts of soil, and adding labile organic carbon (glucose) enriched in (13)C. Glucose addition strongly increased the growth of O. tyrtaeum. From 8 to 17% of the total C in earthworm tissue was assimilated from the glucose added. Soil microbial biomass was not strongly affected by the addition of glucose, though basal respiration was significantly increased and up to 50% of the carbon added as glucose was incorporated into soil organic matter. The impact of earthworms on the mineralization and leaching of nitrogen depended on C availability. As expected, in C-limited soil, the presence of earthworms strongly increased nitrogen leaching. However, when C availability was increased by the addition of glucose, this pattern was reversed, i.e. the presence of O. tyrtaeum decreased nitrogen leaching and its availability to soil microflora. We conclude that irrespective of the total carbon content of soils, O. tyrtaeum was primarily limited by carbon, and that increased carbon availability allowed earthworms to be more effective in mobilizing N. The presence of earthworms increases C limitation of soil microorganisms, due to increased availability of N and P in earthworm casts or a direct depletion of easily available carbon resources by earthworms.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "Nitrogen", "Population Dynamics", "Biological Availability", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-22", "title": "Responses Of Soil Nitrogen Dynamics In A Mojave Desert Ecosystem To Manipulations In Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Availability", "description": "We investigated the effects of changes in soil C and N availability on N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, NH(3) volatilization, and soil respiration in the Mojave Desert. Results indicate a C limitation to microbial N cycling. Soils from underneath the canopies of Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov., Pleuraphis rigida Thurber, and Lycium spp. exhibited higher rates of CO(2 ) flux, lower rates of NH(3) volatilization, and a decrease in inorganic N (NH(4)(+)-N and NO(3)(-)-N) with C addition. In addition to C limitation, soils from plant interspaces also exhibited a N limitation. Soils from all locations had net immobilization of N over the course of a 15-day laboratory incubation. However, soils from interspaces had lower rates of net nitrification and potential denitrification compared to soils from under plant canopies. The response to changes in C availability appears to be a short-term increase in microbial immobilization of inorganic N. Under controlled conditions, and over a longer time period, the effects of C and N availability appear to give way to larger differences due to spatial location. These findings have implications for ecosystems undergoing changes in soil C and N availability due to such processes as desertification, exotic species invasions, or elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration.", "keywords": ["Nitrogen", "Biological Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "California", "Carbon", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Volatilization", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Legacy Effects Of Drought On Plant Growth And The Soil Food Web", "description": "Soils deliver important ecosystem services, such as nutrient provision for plants and the storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which are greatly impacted by drought. Both plants and soil biota affect soil C and N availability, which might in turn affect their response to drought, offering the potential to feed back on each other's performance. In a greenhouse experiment, we compared legacy effects of repeated drought on plant growth and the soil food web in two contrasting land-use systems: extensively managed grassland, rich in C and with a fungal-based food web, and intensively managed wheat lower in C and with a bacterial-based food web. Moreover, we assessed the effect of plant presence on the recovery of the soil food web after drought. Drought legacy effects increased plant growth in both systems, and a plant strongly reduced N leaching. Fungi, bacteria, and their predators were more resilient after drought in the grassland soil than in the wheat soil. The presence of a plant strongly affected the composition of the soil food web, and alleviated the effects of drought for most trophic groups, regardless of the system. This effect was stronger for the bottom trophic levels, whose resilience was positively correlated to soil available C. Our results show that plant belowground inputs have the potential to affect the recovery of belowground communities after drought, with implications for the functions they perform, such as C and N cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "Food Chain", "Nematoda", "Nitrogen", "577", "Biological Availability", "Plant Development", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Soil fauna", "Soil", "Animals", "Herbivory", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "England", "13. Climate action", "Wheat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-22", "title": "A Study On As, Cu, Pb And Zn (Bio)Availability In An Abandoned Mine Area (Sao Domingos, Portugal) Using Chemical And Ecotoxicological Tools", "description": "The aim of this study was to relate the results obtained by chemical methods, used to assess environmental (bio)availability, with the ecotoxic response and bioaccumulation of trace elements (TE) by the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to field-contaminated, metal-polluted soils from a sulphide mine. The extracting solution 0.5\u00a0M NH4CH3COO, 0.5\u00a0M CH3COOH and 0.02\u00a0M EDTA (pH\u00a04.7), was able to predict environmental bioavailability of TE to E. fetida. However, the toxicological bioavailability could not be predicted from the results of the chemical extractions or from the bioaccumulation results: E. fetida reproduction was higher in soils where environmental bioavailability of TE and bioaccumulation values were also higher. In this study, the toxic response of the organism seemed to be more influenced by the overall nutritional status of the soil (e.g. pH, organic matter, plant nutrient availability and cation exchange capacity) than by its TE contamination. In the case of anthropogenic multi-contaminated sites, the different soil characteristics exert an important and confounding influence in the toxic response and the relationship between different bioavailable fractions cannot be easily established, emphasising the need to combine results from chemical methods with those from bioassays when evaluating the bioavailability of TE in these soils.", "keywords": ["Bioavailability", "Mine contaminated soils", "Biological Availability", "Ecotoxicology", "01 natural sciences", "Bioassays", "Mining", "Arsenic", "Soil", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "Oligochaeta", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Trace elements", "Portugal", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Bioaccumulation", "Zinc", "Lead", "Metals", "Indexa\u00e7\u00e3o ISI", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Chemical extraction methods", "Copper", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-01", "title": "Integration Of Toxicological And Chemical Tools To Assess The Bioavailability Of Metals And Energetic Compounds In Contaminated Soils", "description": "Bioavailability is critical for understanding effects that might result from exposure of biota to contaminated soils. Soils from military range and training areas (RTAs) are contaminated principally by energetic materials (EM) and metals. Their chemical characteristics are relatively well known and toxicity assessment of soils from RTAs are in some cases available. However, bioavailability on these sites needs to be comprehensively characterized. A holistic approach to bioavailability, incorporating both chemical and earthworm toxicological indicators, was applied to soils from an anti-tank firing range at a Canadian Forces Base. Results showed that HMX and the metals Zn, Pb, Bi and Cd, though not consistently the prevailing toxicants, were the most accessible to earthworms. Some metals (notably Cu, Zn, Cr and Bi) were also accumulated in earthworm tissue but those were not necessarily expected given their bioaccessibility (i.e., the chemical availability of contaminants in the environment for the organisms) at the beginning of the exposure. The tested soils impaired earthworm reproduction and reduced adult growth. Measurement of selected sublethal parameters indicated that lysosomal integrity (determined as the neutral red retention time--NRRT) was decreased, while elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity suggested that earthworms experienced oxidative stress. The correspondence between the NRRT and metal contamination pattern suggested that metals may be the main cause of lysosomal disruption in EM-contaminated soils. The approach to bioavailability appraisal adopted in this case appears to be a promising practice for site-specific assessment of contaminated land.", "keywords": ["zinc/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "assessment", "metals", "Biological Availability", "lead/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "01 natural sciences", "biological availability", "soil pollutants/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "bismuth/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "Oligochaeta", "oligochaeta/rug effects/growth & development/metabolism", "soils", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "metals/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/ toxicity", "explosives", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "bioaccessibility", "6. Clean water", "Zinc", "Lead", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cadmium/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "bioavailability", "Bismuth", "Cadmium"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u00c9meline Valton, Bertin Trottier, Aurelie Auroy, Aurelie Auroy, Yann Berthelot, Pierre Yves Robidoux, Pierre Yves Robidoux,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-06", "title": "Reduced Plant Uptake Of Pesticides With Biochar Additions To Soil", "description": "We investigated the effectiveness of two types of biochars in reducing the bioavailability of two soil-applied insecticides (chlorpyrifos and carbofuran) to Spring onion (Allium cepa). The biochars prepared from the pyrolysis of Eucalyptus spp. wood chips at 450 and 850 degrees C (BC850) were thoroughly mixed into the soil to achieve 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% by soil weight. A spring onion crop was grown for 5 wk in the biochar-amended soils spiked with 50 mgkg(-1) of each pesticide. The loss of both pesticides due to degradation and or sequestration in soils decreased significantly with increasing amounts of biochars in soil. Over 35 d, 86-88% of the pesticides were lost from the control soil, whereas it was only 51% of carbofuran and 44% of chlorpyrifos from the soil amended with 1.0% BC850. Despite greater persistence of the pesticide residues in biochar-amended soils, the plant uptake of pesticides decreased markedly with increasing biochar content of the soil. With 1% of BC850 soil amendment, the total plant residues for chlorpyrifos and carbofuran decreased to 10% and 25% of that in the control treatment, respectively. The BC850 was particularly effective in reducing phytoavailability of both pesticides from soil, due to its high affinity for and ability to sequester pesticide residues.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Insecticides", "Pesticide Residues", "Biological Availability", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Carbofuran", "Soil", "Solubility", "Charcoal", "Onions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Chlorpyrifos", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-28", "title": "Agronomic Properties Of Wastewater Sludge Biochar And Bioavailability Of Metals In Production Of Cherry Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum)", "description": "This work presents agronomic values of a biochar produced from wastewater sludge through pyrolysis at a temperature of 550 degrees C. In order to investigate and quantify effects of wastewater sludge biochar on soil quality, growth, yield and bioavailability of metals in cherry tomatoes, pot experiments were carried out in a temperature controlled environment and under four different treatments consisting of control soil, soil with biochar; soil with biochar and fertiliser, and soil with fertiliser only. The soil used was chromosol and the applied wastewater sludge biochar was 10tha(-1). The results showed that the application of biochar improves the production of cherry tomatoes by 64% above the control soil conditions. The ability of biochar to increase the yield was attributed to the combined effect of increased nutrient availability (P and N) and improved soil chemical conditions upon amendment. The yield of cherry tomato production was found to be at its maximum when biochar was applied in combination with the fertiliser. Application of biochar was also found to significantly increase the soil electrical conductivity as well as phosphorus and nitrogen contents. Bioavailability of metals present in the biochar was found to be below the Australian maximum permitted concentrations for food.", "keywords": ["Sewage", "Nitrogen", "Biological Availability", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Metals", "Charcoal", "Fruit", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-12-13", "title": "Effects Of Heavy Metals On Earthworms Along Contamination Gradients In Organic Rich Soils", "description": "Earthworm communities and metal (bio)availability to earthworms along contamination gradients was studied in order to support chemical analyses in risk assessment of metal contaminated soils. Earthworms were sampled in three metal contaminated areas with different habitat and soil properties in Finland. Earthworm and soil samples were collected at three distances (1, 2, and 4 km) from the emission sources. Earthworms were identified as to species and analyzed for heavy metals. Total soil metal concentrations were analyzed using an ultrasound-assisted extraction method and bioavailable metal fraction was estimated by acetic acid extraction. In two of the three areas studied, heavy metal concentrations close to the emission sources were high enough to have harmful effects on earthworms and their environments. In general, diversity, total numbers, and biomass of earthworms increased with increasing distance from the emission sources. When individuals were available for analyses close to the emission source, positive correlations between metal concentrations in the earthworms and those in the soils were observed.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Population Dynamics", "Animals", "Biological Availability", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Oligochaeta", "Risk Assessment", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology%20and%20Environmental%20Safety", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Effect Of Submergence-Emergence Sequence And Organic Matter Or Aluminosilicate Amendment On Metal Uptake By Woody Wetland Plant Species From Contaminated Sediments", "description": "Site-specific hydrological conditions affect the availability of trace metals for vegetation. In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of submersion on the metal uptake by the wetland plant species Salix cinerea and Populus nigra grown on a contaminated dredged sediment-derived soil and on an uncontaminated soil was evaluated. An upland hydrological regime for the polluted sediment caused elevated Cd concentrations in leaves and cuttings for both species. Emergence and soil oxidation after initial submersion of a polluted sediment resulted in comparable foliar Cd and Zn concentrations for S. cinerea as for the constant upland treatment. The foliar Cd and Zn concentrations were clearly higher than for submerged soils after initial upland conditions. These results point at the importance of submergence-emergence sequence for plant metal availability. The addition of foliar-based organic matter or aluminosilicates to the polluted sediment-derived soil in upland conditions did not decrease Cd and Zn uptake by S. cinerea.", "keywords": ["Geologic Sediments", "Biological Availability", "Water", "Salix", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Plant Leaves", "Zinc", "Populus", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Immersion", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Aluminum Silicates", "Seasons", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Ecosystem", "Plant Shoots", "Cadmium", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.044", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-31", "title": "The role of PVP in the bioavailability of Ag from the PVP-stabilized Ag nanoparticle suspension", "description": "We assessed the bioavailability of Ag from Ag nanoparticles (NPs), stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), to terrestrial isopods which were exposed to 10, 100 and 1000\u00a0\u03bcg Ag NPs/g of dry food. Different Ag species were determined in the NP suspension that was fed to isopods: (i) total Ag by atomic absorption spectroscopy, (ii) the sum of Ag-PVP complexes and free Ag+ by anodic stripping voltammetry at the bismuth-film electrode, and (iii) free Ag+ by ion-selective potentiometry. The amounts of Ag species in the consumed food were compared to the masses of Ag accumulated in the isopod digestive glands. Our results show that all three Ag species (Ag NPs, Ag-PVP complexes and free Ag+) could be the source of bioaccumulated Ag, but to various degrees depending on the exposure concentration and transformations in the digestive system. We provide a proof that (i) Ag NPs dissolve and Ag-PVP complexes dissociate in the isopod digestive tract; (ii) the concentration of free Ag+ in the suspension offered to the test organisms is not the only measure of bioavailable Ag. The type of NP stabilizer along with the NP transformations in the digestive system needs to be considered in the creation of new computational models of the nanomaterial fate.", "keywords": ["voltammetry", "Ag ions", "Silver", "Biological Availability", "Metal Nanoparticles", "Povidone", "ion-selective electrode", "02 engineering and technology", "Ag complexes", "01 natural sciences", "Gastrointestinal Tract", "terrestrial isopod", "Suspensions", "Animals", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/620.3", "0210 nano-technology", "Isopoda", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.044"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.044", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.044", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.044"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-29", "title": "Generation Of Selenium-Enriched Rice With Enhanced Grain Yield, Selenium Content And Bioavailability Through Fertilisation With Selenite", "description": "To fulfill the natural human needs of selenium, selenium biofortification has been carried out in rice (Oryza sativa) in recent years. Despite some improvements have been made, the increase of selenium content in rice was still limited and a large amount of fertilisers are often required, which may cause environmental pullution. In this study, we further improved the selenium biofortification of rice by using less selenium fertilisers (10.5 g selenium/hectare) whereas, largely increasing selenium content in rice grains (up to 51 times vs. control). Furthermore, selenium speciation analysis, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and antioxidant assays were performed to evaluate the selenium bioaccessibility and bioavailability in selenium-enriched rice grains. The major selenium species found were readily absorbable selenomethionine. Meanwhile, the selenium-enriched rice grains have significantly higher antioxidant bioactivities. In conclusion, this selenium-enriched rice has enormous potential for selenium supplementation in humans.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Biological Availability", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Selenious Acid", "01 natural sciences", "Antioxidants", "6. Clean water", "Selenium", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Digestion", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.064", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-19", "title": "Effect Of Long Term Organic Amendments And Vegetation Of Vineyard Soils On The Microscale Distribution And Biogeochemistry Of Copper", "description": "In this study we evaluated the effect of the long term organic management of a vineyard-soil on the biogeochemistry of copper at the micro-aggregate scale. The model vineyard-soil (M\u00e2con-France) experienced a long-term field-experiment that consisted in amendments and vegetations with various materials and plants. We studied specifically the effect of Straw (S) and Conifer Compost (CC) organic amendments and Clover (Cl) and Fescue (F) vegetation on the fate of copper (fungicide) in the surface layer of this loamy soil, through a comparison with the Non Amended soil (NA). After collection the five soils were immediately physically fractionated in order to obtain 5 granulometric size-fractions. All soils and size-fractions were quantitatively characterized in terms of granulometry, chemical content and copper distribution, speciation and bioavailability to bacteria and plants. The results showed strong increases of soil-constituents aggregation for all treatments (Cl>CC>S>F>NA), in relation with the increased cementation of soil-constituents by organic matter (OM). The distribution patterns of all major elements and organic carbon were found highly variable within the soil sub-fractions and also between the 5 treatments. Due to their specific inorganic and organic composition, soil sub-fractions can thus be considered as a specific microbial habitat. Added OM accumulated preferentially in the 20-2 \u03bcm and in the >250 \u03bcm of the 5 soils. The distribution patterns of copper as well as its speciation and bioavailability to bacteria in the soil sub-fractions were shown to be strongly different among the five soils, in relation with OM distribution. Our results also suggest that Cu-bioavailability to plants is controlled by soil-rhizosphere structure. Altogether our results permitted to show that long-term organic management of a vineyard soil induced stable modifications of soil physical and chemical properties at both macro and micro-scales. These modifications affected in turn the micro-scale biogeochemistry of copper, and especially its bioavailability to bacteria and plants.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Bacteria", "Spectrophotometry", " Atomic", "Biological Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "France", "Seasons", "Copper", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.064"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.064", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.064", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.064"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.7b02944", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-11", "title": "Novel Multi-isotope Tracer Approach To Test ZnO Nanoparticle and Soluble Zn Bioavailability in Joint Soil Exposures", "description": "Here we use two enriched stable isotopes, 68Znen and 64Znen (>99%), to prepare 68ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and soluble 64ZnCl2. The standard LUFA 2.2 test soil was dosed with 68ZnO NPs and soluble 64ZnCl2 to 5 mg kg-1 each, plus between 0 and 95 mg kg-1 of soluble ZnCl2 with a natural isotope composition. After 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of soil incubation, earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were introduced for 72 h exposures. Analyses of soils, pore waters, and earthworm tissues using multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry allowed the simultaneous measurement of the diagnostic 68Zn/66Zn, 64Zn/66Zn, and 68Zn/64Zn ratios, from which the three different isotopic forms of Zn were quantified. Eisenia andrei was able to regulate Zn body concentrations with no difference observed between the different total dosing concentrations. The accumulation of labeled Zn by the earthworms showed a direct relationship with the proportion of labeled to total Zn in the pore water, which increased with longer soil incubation times and decreasing soil pH. The 68Znen/64Znen ratios determined for earthworms (1.09 \u00b1 0.04), soils (1.09 \u00b1 0.02), and pore waters (1.08 \u00b1 0.02) indicate indistinguishable environmental distribution and uptake of the Zn forms, most likely due to rapid dissolution of the ZnO NPs.", "keywords": ["104002 Analytische Chemie", "550", "TRANSFORMATIONS", "FATE", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Biological Availability", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "104002 Analytical chemistry", "104023 Umweltchemie", "ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS", "MD Multidisciplinary", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "105906 Environmental geosciences", "210004 Nanomaterials", "Oligochaeta", "EARTHWORM EISENIA-ANDREI", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "ENVIRONMENT", "104023 Environmental chemistry", "KNOWLEDGE GAPS", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Zinc", "Nanoparticles", "Zinc Isotopes", "Zinc Oxide", "210004 Nanomaterialien", "Environmental Sciences", "105906 Umweltgeowissenschaften"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.7b02944"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02944"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.7b02944", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.7b02944", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.7b02944"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.9b02448", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-29", "title": "In Vitro , in Vivo, and Spectroscopic Assessment of Lead Exposure Reduction via Ingestion and Inhalation Pathways Using Phosphate and Iron Amendments", "description": "This study compared lead (Pb) immobilization efficacies in mining/smelting impacted soil using phosphate and iron amendments via ingestion and inhalation pathways using in vitro and in vivo assays, in conjunction with investigating the dynamics of dust particles in the lungs and gastro-intestinal tract via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy. Phosphate amendments [phosphoric acid (PA), hydroxyapatite, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), triple super phosphate (TSP), and bone meal biochar] and hematite were applied at a molar ratio of Pb:Fe/P = 1:5. Pb phosphate formation was investigated in the soil/post-in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) residuals and in mouse lung via extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) spectroscopy, respectively. EXAFS analysis revealed that anglesite was the dominant phase in the ingestible (<250 \u03bcm) and inhalable (<10 \u03bcm) particle fractions. Pb IVBA was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by phosphate amendments in the <250 \u03bcm fraction (solubility bioaccessibility research consortium assay) and by PA, MAP, and TSP in the <10 \u03bcm fraction (inhalation-ingestion bioaccessibility assay). A 21.1% reduction in Pb RBA (<250 \u03bcm fraction) and 56.4% reduction in blood Pb concentration (<10 \u03bcm fraction) were observed via the ingestion and inhalation pathways, respectively. XRF microscopy detected Pb in the stomach within 4 h, presumably via mucociliary clearance.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "iron;", "soil;", "Iron", "animals;", "610", "Biological Availability", "mice;", "01 natural sciences", "Phosphates", "618", "X ray fluorescence", "phosphates;", "Mice", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "biological availability;", "soil pollutants", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "extended X ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.9b02448"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02448"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.9b02448", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.9b02448", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.9b02448"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-27", "title": "Enhancing Zinc Bioavailability in Rice Using the Novel Synthetic Siderophore Ligand Proline-2\u2032-Deoxymugineic Acid (PDMA): Critical Insights from Metal Binding Studies and Geochemical Speciation Modeling", "description": "Bioavailable ligands that bind metals mediate their uptake in plants, leading to the study of artificial ligands as potential fertilizers. Proline-2'-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has shown a high affinity for FeIII, enhancing iron uptake in rice and suggesting that it could be used for improving zinc uptake. This work studied chemical solution parameters, i.e., redox potential, ion strength, pH, and ligand/metal concentrations controlling ZnII-PDMA complex formation in rice-producing soils using geochemical speciation modeling. We show that PDMA is generally selective for ZnII in reducing, saline, and alkaline soil solutions. Comparison with a recent micronutrient uptake study in rice suggests that free PDMA should be added in reducing conditions to avoid competition with CuII and FeIII or as the ZnII-PDMA complex at pH below 9. The Zn/M ratios (M = CuII, FeIII) needed to form stable ZnII-PDMA complexes were also identified. This study shows the promise of PDMA as a fertilizer to overcome zinc deficiencies in alkaline and flooded soils.", "keywords": ["Zinc", "Soil", "Proline", "Iron", "Siderophores", "Biological Availability", "Oryza", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Ligands", "Fertilizers", "Azetidinecarboxylic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/jf302931z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-18", "title": "Fertilizing Soil With Selenium Fertilizers: Impact On Concentration, Speciation, And Bioaccessibility Of Selenium In Leek (Allium Ampeloprasum)", "description": "Leek was fertilized with sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3)) and sodium selenate (Na(2)SeO(4)) in a green house to assess the impact of selenium (Se) fertilization on Se uptake by the crop and its speciation in the crop. The bioaccessibility of Se in the Se-enriched leek was assessed using an in vitro extraction protocol mimicking the human gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small intestine, and colon). The lowest Se uptake was observed when Na(2)SeO(3) was used as a fertilizer, which results in a higher risk for Se accumulation in the soil on a longer term. When soil was amended with Na(2)SeO(4), 55 \u00b1 5% of total Se in the leek occurred in an inorganic form, while only 21 \u00b1 8% was inorganic when Na(2)SeO(3) was applied. Se-methylselenocysteine and selenomethione were the major organic species in both treatments. However, concentrations of Se-methylselenocysteine and \u03b3-glutamyl-Se-methyl-selenocysteine, which were previously reported to induce positive health effects, were lower as compared to other Allium species. The majority of the Se in the leek was found to be bioaccessible in the stomach (around 60%) and small intestine (around 80%). However, a significant fraction also has good chances to reach the colon, where it seems to be taken up by the microbial community and may also induce positive health effects.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Selenium", "Soil", "Onions", "Biological Availability", "15. Life on land", "Fertilizers", "01 natural sciences", "Mass Spectrometry", "6. Clean water", "0104 chemical sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jf302931z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/jf302931z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/jf302931z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/jf302931z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2001.302501x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide On Soils In A Florida Scrub Oak Ecosystem", "description": "ABSTRACTThe results of a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr study on the effects of elevated CO2on soil N and P, soil pCO2, and calculated CO2efflux in a fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90regenerated Florida scrub oak ecosystem are summarized. We hypothesized that elevated CO2would cause (i) increases in soil pCO2and soil respiration and (ii) reduced levels of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90available N and P. The effects of elevated CO2on soil N availability differed according to the method used. Results of resin lysimeter collections and anion exchange membrane tests in the field showed reduced NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923in soils in Years 1 and 3. On the other hand, re\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of homogenized, buried soil bags after 1 yr suggested a relative increase in N availability (lower C to N ratio) under elevated CO2In the case of P, the buried bags and membranes suggested a negative effect of CO2on P during the first year; this faded over time, however, as P availability declined overall, probably in response to P uptake. Elevated CO2had no effect on soil pCO2or calculated soil respiration at any time, further suggesting that plant rather than microbial uptake was the primary factor responsible for the observed changes in N and P availability with elevated CO2
", "keywords": ["Soil", "Nitrogen", "Population Dynamics", "Biological Availability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Ecosystem", "Fires", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Graham J. Hymus, Bert G. Drake, Paul Dijkstra, Bruce A. Hungate, David W. Johnson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.302501x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2001.302501x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2001.302501x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2001.302501x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "description": "ABSTRACTCover crops are a management option to reduce NO3 leaching under cereal grain production. A 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field lysimeter study was established in Uppsala, Sweden, to evaluate the effect of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cover crop interseeded in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching and availability of N to the main crop. Barley and ryegrass or barley alone were seeded in mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90May 1992, in lysimeters (0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff90m diam. \uffc3\uff97 1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depth) of an undisturbed, well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained, sandy loam soil. Fertilizer N was applied at the same time as labeled 15NH415NO3 (10 atom % 15N) at a rate of 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 In 1993, barley was reseeded in May in the lysimeters but with nonlabeled NH4NO3 and no cover crop (previous year's cover crop incorporated just prior to seeding). Barley yields and total and fertilizer N uptake in Year 1 (1992) were unaffected by cover crop. Total aboveground N uptake by the ryegrass was 28 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the time of incorporation the following spring. Recovery of fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N in May 1993 was about 100%; 53% in soil, 46% in barley, <2% in ryegrass, and negligible amounts in leachate. In May 1994, the corresponding figures were: 32% in soil, <3% in barley, and, again, negligible amounts in leachate. The cover crop reduced concentrations of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N in the leachate considerably (<5 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921, compared with 10 to 18 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 without cover crop) at most sampling times from November 1992 to April 1994, and reduced the total amount of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leached (22 compared with 8 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921).
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Biological Availability", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Lolium", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Oxides", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lars Bergstr\u00f6m, William E. Jokela,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.0369", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-08", "title": "Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, And Zinc Availability In A Biosolids-Amended Piedmont Soil Years After Application", "description": "ABSTRACTConcerns over the possible increase in phytoavailability of biosolids\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied trace metals to plants have been raised based on the assumption that decomposition of applied organic matter would increase phytoavailability. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of time on chemical extractability and concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in plants on plots established by a single application of biosolids with high trace metals content in 1984. Biosolids were applied to 1.5 by 2.3 m confined plots of a Davidson clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults) at 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, and 210 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The highest biosolids application supplied 4.5, 760, 43, and 620 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, respectively. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. varlongifolia), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were planted at the site for 3 consecutive years, 17 to 19 yr after biosolids application. Extractable Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn (as measured by DTPA, CaCl2, and Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff901) were determined on 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth samples from each plot. The DTPA\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable Cu and Zn decreased by 58 and 42%, respectively, 17 yr after application despite a significant reduction in organic matter content. Biosolids treatments had no significant effect on crop yield. Plant tissue metal concentrations increased with biosolids rate but were within the normal range of these crops. Trace metal concentrations in plants generally correlated well with the concentrations extracted from soil with DTPA, CaCl2, and Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff901. Metal concentrations in plant tissue exhibited a plateau response in most cases. The uptake coefficient values generated for the different crops were in agreement with the values set by the Part 503 Rule.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Virginia", "Biological Availability", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pentetic Acid", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Raphanus", "Refuse Disposal", "Trace Elements", "Calcium Chloride", "Soil", "Zinc", "Nickel", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper", "Cadmium", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. W. Zelazny, Beshr Sukkariyah, Gregory K. Evanylo, Rufus L. Chaney,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0369"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.0369", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.0369", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.0369"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11987015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:27:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-27", "title": "Enhancing Zinc Bioavailability in Rice Using the Novel Synthetic Siderophore Ligand Proline-2\u2032-Deoxymugineic Acid (PDMA): Critical Insights from Metal Binding Studies and Geochemical Speciation Modeling", "description": "Bioavailable ligands that bind metals mediate their uptake in plants, leading to the study of artificial ligands as potential fertilizers. Proline-2'-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has shown a high affinity for FeIII, enhancing iron uptake in rice and suggesting that it could be used for improving zinc uptake. This work studied chemical solution parameters, i.e., redox potential, ion strength, pH, and ligand/metal concentrations controlling ZnII-PDMA complex formation in rice-producing soils using geochemical speciation modeling. We show that PDMA is generally selective for ZnII in reducing, saline, and alkaline soil solutions. Comparison with a recent micronutrient uptake study in rice suggests that free PDMA should be added in reducing conditions to avoid competition with CuII and FeIII or as the ZnII-PDMA complex at pH below 9. The Zn/M ratios (M = CuII, FeIII) needed to form stable ZnII-PDMA complexes were also identified. This study shows the promise of PDMA as a fertilizer to overcome zinc deficiencies in alkaline and flooded soils.", "keywords": ["Zinc", "Soil", "Proline", "Iron", "Siderophores", "Biological Availability", "Oryza", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Ligands", "Fertilizers", "Azetidinecarboxylic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11987015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11987015", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11987015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11987015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Availability&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Availability&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Availability&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Availability&offset=21", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 21, "numberReturned": 21, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-17T08:25:26.099727Z"}