The article highlights the available data on Antarctic bacteria, their biosynthetic potential, and the successful NP discoveries while addressing the challenges in NP research and advocating for systematic, collaborative research in Antarctica.
This work reports on the concise total synthesis of eight natural products of the mugineic acid and avenic acid families (phytosiderophores). An innovative \uffe2\uff80\uff9eeast\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90west\uffe2\uff80\uff9c assembly of the trimeric products resulted in a high degree of divergence enabling the formation of the final products in just 10 or 11\uffe2\uff80\uff85steps each with a minimum of overall synthetic effort. Chiral pool starting materials (l\uffe2\uff80\uff90malic acid, threonines) were employed for the outer building blocks while the middle building blocks were accessed by diastereo\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and enantioselective methods. A highlight of this work consists in the straightforward preparation of epimeric hydroxyazetidine amino acids, useful building blocks on their own, enabling the first synthesis of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff90hydroxymugineic acid and 3\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff90hydroxy\uffe2\uff80\uff902\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff90deoxymugineic acid.Natural products present an environmentally attractive alternative to synthetic pesticides which have been implicated in the off\uffe2\uff80\uff90target effect. Currently, the assessment of pesticide toxicity on soil microorganisms relies on the OECD 216 N transformation assay (OECD stands for the Organisation Economic Co\uffe2\uff80\uff90operation and Development, which is a key international standard\uffe2\uff80\uff90setting organisation). We tested the hypotheses that (i) the OECD 216 assay fails to identify unacceptable effects of pesticides on soil microbiota compared to more advanced molecular and standardized tests, and (ii) the natural products tested (dihydrochalcone, isoflavone, aliphatic phenol, and spinosad) are less toxic to soil microbiota compared to a synthetic pesticide compound (3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloraniline). We determined the following in three different soils: (i) ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) soil concentrations, as dictated by the OECD 216 test, and (ii) the abundance of phylogenetically (bacteria and fungi) and functionally distinct microbial groups [ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB)] using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCR).
RESULTSAll pesticides tested exhibited limited persistence, with spinosad demonstrating the highest persistence. None of the pesticides tested showed clear dose\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent effects on NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 levels and the observed effects were <25% of the control, suggesting no unacceptable impacts on soil microorganisms. In contrast, q\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCR measurements revealed (i) distinct negative effects on the abundance of total bacteria and fungi, which were though limited to one of the studied soils, and (ii) a significant reduction in the abundance of both AOA and AOB across soils. This reduction was attributed to both natural products and 3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloraniline.
CONCLUSIONOur findings strongly advocate for a revision of the current regulatory framework regarding the toxicity of pesticides to soil microbiota, which should integrate advanced and well\uffe2\uff80\uff90standardized tools. \uffc2\uffa9 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. The article highlights the available data on Antarctic bacteria, their biosynthetic potential, and the successful NP discoveries while addressing the challenges in NP research and advocating for systematic, collaborative research in Antarctica. This review provides an up-to-date summary of mass spectrometry imaging, emphasizing different applications and recent innovations in natural product research.
Our results reinforce the notion that each cultivar on each location recruits a unique microbial community and that these communities are modulated by the vegetative growth stage of the plant. Moreover, inoculation of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST713-based product on potatoes also changed the abundance of specific taxonomic groups and the structure of local networks in those locations where the product caused an increase in the yield.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological Products", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Microbiota", "Fungi", "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "Agriculture", "Agricultural Inoculants", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "United States", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Rhizosphere", "Soil Microbiology", "Research Article", "Solanum tuberosum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/mSphere.00130-21"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00130-21"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mSphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/msphere.00130-21", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/msphere.00130-21", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/msphere.00130-21"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3083789601", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:25:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-25", "title": "A Unified Approach to Phytosiderophore Natural Products", "description": "AbstractThis work reports on the concise total synthesis of eight natural products of the mugineic acid and avenic acid families (phytosiderophores). An innovative \uffe2\uff80\uff9eeast\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90west\uffe2\uff80\uff9c assembly of the trimeric products resulted in a high degree of divergence enabling the formation of the final products in just 10 or 11\uffe2\uff80\uff85steps each with a minimum of overall synthetic effort. Chiral pool starting materials (l\uffe2\uff80\uff90malic acid, threonines) were employed for the outer building blocks while the middle building blocks were accessed by diastereo\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and enantioselective methods. A highlight of this work consists in the straightforward preparation of epimeric hydroxyazetidine amino acids, useful building blocks on their own, enabling the first synthesis of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff90hydroxymugineic acid and 3\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff90hydroxy\uffe2\uff80\uff902\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff90deoxymugineic acid. This review provides an up-to-date summary of mass spectrometry imaging, emphasizing different applications and recent innovations in natural product research.
Natural products present an environmentally attractive alternative to synthetic pesticides which have been implicated in the off\uffe2\uff80\uff90target effect. Currently, the assessment of pesticide toxicity on soil microorganisms relies on the OECD 216 N transformation assay (OECD stands for the Organisation Economic Co\uffe2\uff80\uff90operation and Development, which is a key international standard\uffe2\uff80\uff90setting organisation). We tested the hypotheses that (i) the OECD 216 assay fails to identify unacceptable effects of pesticides on soil microbiota compared to more advanced molecular and standardized tests, and (ii) the natural products tested (dihydrochalcone, isoflavone, aliphatic phenol, and spinosad) are less toxic to soil microbiota compared to a synthetic pesticide compound (3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloraniline). We determined the following in three different soils: (i) ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) soil concentrations, as dictated by the OECD 216 test, and (ii) the abundance of phylogenetically (bacteria and fungi) and functionally distinct microbial groups [ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB)] using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCR).
RESULTSAll pesticides tested exhibited limited persistence, with spinosad demonstrating the highest persistence. None of the pesticides tested showed clear dose\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent effects on NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 levels and the observed effects were <25% of the control, suggesting no unacceptable impacts on soil microorganisms. In contrast, q\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCR measurements revealed (i) distinct negative effects on the abundance of total bacteria and fungi, which were though limited to one of the studied soils, and (ii) a significant reduction in the abundance of both AOA and AOB across soils. This reduction was attributed to both natural products and 3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloraniline.
CONCLUSIONOur findings strongly advocate for a revision of the current regulatory framework regarding the toxicity of pesticides to soil microbiota, which should integrate advanced and well\uffe2\uff80\uff90standardized tools. \uffc2\uffa9 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.An important consideration in the treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is whether the addition of methotrexate (MTX) to biologics has greater efficacy than biologic monotherapy with respect to efficacy outcomes in these patients.
ObjectivesTo conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing biologics by treatment class with and without MTX for treatment of adults with active PsA.
MethodsA systematic literature review (SLR) identified randomised, double-blinded, controlled trials, and a Bayesian NMA compared biologics with and without MTX by treatment class (tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), interleukin-23 inhibitors (IL-23i) and IL-17i). Efficacy outcomes included American College of Rheumatology 20%, 50% and 70% (ACR20, ACR50 and ACR70) improvement response.
ResultsThe SLR initially identified 31 studies, of which 17 met feasibility criteria for the NMA by containing the \uffe2\uff80\uff98without MTX\uffe2\uff80\uff99 subgroup. For ACR20 efficacy (the most robust assessment examined), all active treatments were significantly better than placebo. No statistically significant differences were demonstrated between biologic monotherapy (for all classes examined) and biologics in combination with MTX for ACR20/50. IL-17i were comparable to IL-23i, and IL-17i were significantly better than TNFi for ACR20. Although limited by fewer trials, TNFi, IL-23i and IL-17i were not statistically different for ACR50/70.
ConclusionsConcomitant use of MTX and biologics did not improve ACR efficacy outcomes versus biologic monotherapy. MTX does not appear to be necessary as a background therapy when biologics are used for the achievement of ACR20/50 responses in patients with PsA.
", "keywords": ["Adult", "Biological Products", "Psoriatic Arthritis", "Arthritis", " Psoriatic", "Network Meta-Analysis", "R", "Antibodies", " Monoclonal", "Bayes Theorem", "United States", "3. Good health", "Arthritis", " Rheumatoid", "03 medical and health sciences", "Methotrexate", "0302 clinical medicine", "Antirheumatic Agents", "Medicine", "Humans", "Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC10831472"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/RMD%20Open", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC10831472", "name": "item", "description": "PMC10831472", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC10831472"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC7821100", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:27:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-25", "title": "A Unified Approach to Phytosiderophore Natural Products", "description": "AbstractThis work reports on the concise total synthesis of eight natural products of the mugineic acid and avenic acid families (phytosiderophores). An innovative \uffe2\uff80\uff9eeast\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90west\uffe2\uff80\uff9c assembly of the trimeric products resulted in a high degree of divergence enabling the formation of the final products in just 10 or 11\uffe2\uff80\uff85steps each with a minimum of overall synthetic effort. Chiral pool starting materials (l\uffe2\uff80\uff90malic acid, threonines) were employed for the outer building blocks while the middle building blocks were accessed by diastereo\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and enantioselective methods. A highlight of this work consists in the straightforward preparation of epimeric hydroxyazetidine amino acids, useful building blocks on their own, enabling the first synthesis of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff90hydroxymugineic acid and 3\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff90hydroxy\uffe2\uff80\uff902\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffe2\uff80\uff90deoxymugineic acid.