{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00622.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-29", "title": "Post-Fire Control Of Invasive Plants Promotes Native Recovery In A Burned Desert Shrubland", "description": "

Invasive annual grasses have become increasingly important components of desert vegetation in North America. They are especially problematic because they increase the extent, severity, and frequency of fire in desert shrublands that normally experience fire very rarely, or not at all. After fire, invasive grasses and forbs are often dominant and restoration methods are required to promote native plant recovery. Three treatments to control invasive annual grasses and forbs were implemented in the first 3 years following a fire in creosote bush scrub vegetation. Treatments included early season mechanical removal (raking) of all annuals, grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific herbicide (Fusilade II), and Fusilade II plus hand pulling of exotic forbs. In the first year, all treatments reduced invasive annual grass abundance by about half but had little effect on native annuals. Treatment effectiveness was minimal in the first year due to low and irregular distribution of rainfall. In the second year, insufficient rainfall prevented the germination of any annual plants and no treatments were applied. In the third year, precipitation onset occurred later in the season and was above average. Although the raking treatment performed poorly, treatments utilizing Fusilade II nearly eliminated invasive grasses and forbs, achieved native annual dominance, and increased native perennial abundance. These results indicate that in the absence of invasive grasses and forbs, the native annual community can be resilient to fire disturbance and native perennials can recover. The results also suggest that burned creosote bush shrublands can be managed after fire to decrease the chance of invasive plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93fire feedback.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Edith B. Allen, Robert J. Steers,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00622.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00622.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00622.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00622.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2007.00312.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-15", "title": "Assessing Ecosystem Restoration Alternatives In Eastern Deciduous Forests: The View From Belowground", "description": "Abstract

Both structural and functional approaches to restoration of eastern deciduous forests are becoming more common as recognition of the altered state of these ecosystems grows. In our study, structural restoration involves mechanically modifying the woody plant assemblage to a species composition, density, and community structure specified by the restoration goals. Functional restoration involves reintroducing dormant\uffe2\uff80\uff90season, low\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity fire at intervals consistent with the historical condition. Our approach was to quantify the effects of such restoration treatments on soil organic carbon and soil microbial activity, as these are both conservative ecosystem attributes and not ones explicitly targeted by the restoration treatments, themselves. Fire, mechanical thinning, and their combination all initially resulted in reduced soil organic C content, C:N ratio, and overall microbial activity (measured as acid phosphatase activity) in a study site in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, but only the effect on microbial activity persisted into the fourth post\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment growing season. In contrast, in a similar forest in the central Appalachian Plateau of Ohio, mechanical thinning resulted in increased soil organic C, decreased C:N ratio, and decreased microbial activity, whereas fire and the combination of fire and thinning did not have such effects. In addition, the effects in Ohio had dissipated prior to the fourth post\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment growing season. Mechanical treatments are attractive in that they require only single entries; however, we see no indication that mechanical\uffe2\uff80\uff93structural restoration actually produced desired belowground changes. A single fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90based/functional treatment also offered little restoration progress, but comparisons with long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental fire studies suggest that repeated entries with prescribed fire at intervals of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff938 years offer potential for sustainable restoration.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2007.00312.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2007.00312.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2007.00312.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2007.00312.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00414.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-28", "title": "Mechanical Restoration Of California Mixed-Conifer Forests: Does It Matter Which Trees Are Cut?", "description": "Abstract

The montane ecosystems of northern California have been subjected to repeated manipulation and active fire suppression for over a century, resulting in changes in community structure that contribute to increased wildfire hazard. Ecosystem restoration via reduction of stand density for wildfire hazard mitigation has received substantial attention in recent years; however, many ecological questions remain unanswered. This study compares belowground effects of two alternative forest thinning treatments designed to restore the large, old tree component of late\uffe2\uff80\uff90seral structure, one of which focuses on restoringPinus ponderosadominance (Pine\uffe2\uff80\uff90preference) and the other of which promotes development of large trees regardless of species (Size\uffe2\uff80\uff90preference). We evaluated forest floor and soil chemical and microbial parameters in six experimental thinning treatment units of 40 ha each in the Klamath National Forest of northern California 5\uffe2\uff80\uff936 years after thinning. Inorganic N availability, soil organic C content, phenol oxidase activity, and forest floor C:N ratio were greater in the Size\uffe2\uff80\uff90preference treatment, whereas forest floor N and soil pH were greater in the Pine\uffe2\uff80\uff90preference treatment. Our results indicate that these two thinning strategies produce differences in the soil environment that has the potential to affect growth rates of trees that remain, as well as the growth and survivorship of newly established seedlings. Thus, which species/individuals are removed during structural restoration of these mixed\uffe2\uff80\uff90conifer forests matters both to the belowground components of the ecosystem today and the vegetation and productivity of the ecosystem in future decades.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00414.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00414.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00414.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00414.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00820.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-01", "title": "Rapid Shift In Pollinator Communities Following Invasive Species Removal", "description": "

Ecological restoration is increasingly used to reverse degradation of rare ecosystems and maintain biological diversity. Pollinator communities are critical to maintenance of plant diversity and, in light of recent pollinator loss, we tested whether removal of invasive glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus L.) from portions of a prairie fen wetland altered plant and pollinator communities. We compared herbaceous plant, bee, and butterfly abundance, diversity, and species composition in buckthorn invaded, buckthorn removal, and uninvaded reference plots. Following restoration, we found striking differences in plant and pollinator abundance and species composition between restored, unrestored, and reference plots. Within 2 years of F. alnus removal, plant species diversity and composition in restored plots were significantly different than invaded plots, but also remained significantly lower than reference plots. In contrast, in the first growing season following restoration, bee and butterfly abundance, diversity, and composition were similar in restored and reference plots and distinct from invaded plots. Our findings indicate that a diverse community of mobile generalist pollinators rapidly re\uffe2\uff80\uff90colonizes restored areas of prairie fen, while the plant community may take longer to fully recover. This work implies that, in areas with intact pollinator metapopulations, restoration efforts will likely prevent further loss of mobile generalist pollinators and maintain pollination services. On the other hand, targeted restoration efforts will likely be required to restore populations of rare plants and specialist pollinators for which local and regional species pools may be lacking.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michael Arduser, Anna K. Fiedler, Douglas A. Landis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00820.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00820.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00820.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00820.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00835.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-10", "title": "Roller Chopping Effectively Reduces Shrub Cover And Density In Pine Flatwoods", "description": "

Changes to fire regimes have resulted in excessive shrub growth and declines in the species rich herbaceous ground layer of pyric savanna and grassland systems worldwide, including the pine flatwoods of the Southern Coastal Plain of the United States. Prescribed burning and roller chopping during growing (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93October) and dormant (November\uffe2\uff80\uff93March) seasons are management practices promoted to reduce shrub invasion and increase herbaceous plant growth in flatwoods. However, relatively little is known about the seasonal effects these activities have on shrubs and herbaceous vegetation. We assessed the effects of prescribed burning and roller chopping on herbaceous and shrub characteristics in pine flatwoods and explored how grazing may mediate these treatments. We used a paired design, with comparison made between sampling locations randomly located within treated (e.g. burned) and adjacent untreated areas. Growing season burning was more effective at reducing shrub cover and height than dormant season burning. However, shrub re\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth occurred the second year post\uffe2\uff80\uff90burn. Roller chopping and roller chopping/burning combinations led to decreases in shrub cover and height for 2 years post\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment. Decreases in shrub density were seen on sites subject to growing season roller chopping and grazing. Decreases in herbaceous vegetation were observed following all treatments, possibly the result of grazing. If reductions in shrub density are required, growing season roller chopping in combination with grazing may be the only effective treatment. However, initial deferment from grazing following burning and roller chopping treatments may be necessary to permit re\uffe2\uff80\uff90establishment and growth of forbs and graminoids.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William M. Giuliano, Emma V. Willcox,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00835.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00835.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00835.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00835.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb00745.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-06", "title": "Reduction Of Insect Pest Attack On Sorghum And Cowpea By Intercropping", "description": "Abstract

Two experiments to establish the relationship between insect suppression by intercropping and grain yield in sorghum and cowpea were conducted under field conditions. Treatments consisted of monocrops and intercrops of sorghum and cowpea and an additional pair of monocultures and mixtures protected by insecticides. Intercropping reduced the numbers of stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum and thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti in cowpea. In the monocropped, unprotected sorghum, yield was reduced by 28% compared to the protected monocrop, while reduction in the unprotected intercropped sorghum was 15% compared to the protected intercrop. Similarly, in the unprotected cowpea, monocrop yield was reduced by 94% and intercrop yield was reduced by 51%. Thus, there are yield advantages under conditions where intercropping reduces insect pest density. Intercropping can form a component of an integrated pest management programme.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K. N. Saxena, K. V. Seshu Reddy, Kwesi Ampong\u2010Nyarko, Ruth A. Nyang'or,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb00745.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Entomologia%20Experimentalis%20et%20Applicata", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb00745.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb00745.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb00745.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1994-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1672-9072.2007.00559.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-12", "title": "Much Improved Irrigation Wheat-Maize Double Use Efficiency In An Intensive Cropping System In The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract

Crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in a wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90maize double cropping system are influenced by short and uneven rainfalls in the North China Plain (NCP). A 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation on soil water balance, crop yield and WUE to improve irrigation use efficiency in the cropping system. Soil water depletion (\uffce\uff94SWS) by crop generally decreased with the increase of irrigation and rainfall, while \uffce\uff94SWS for the whole rotation was relatively stable among these irrigation treatments. High irrigations in wheat season increased initial soil moisture and \uffce\uff94SWS for subsequent maize especially in the drought season. Initial soil water influenced mainly by the irrigation and rainfall in the previous crop season, is essential to high yield in such cropping systems. Grain yield decreased prior to evapotranspiration (ET) when ET reached about 300\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm for wheat, while maize showed various WUEs with similar seasonal ET. For whole rotation, WUE declined when ET exceeded about 650\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm. These results indicate great potential for improving irrigation use efficiency in such wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90maize cropping system in the NCP. Based on the present results, reasonable irrigation schedules according to different annual rainfall conditions are presented for such a cropping system.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1672-9072.2007.00559.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Integrative%20Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1672-9072.2007.00559.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1672-9072.2007.00559.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1672-9072.2007.00559.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00409.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-15", "title": "Effects Of An Invasive Cattail Species (Typha X Glauca) On Sediment Nitrogen And Microbial Community Composition In A Freshwater Wetland", "description": "Sediments from Cheboygan Marsh, a coastal freshwater wetland on Lake Huron that has been invaded by an emergent exotic plant, Typhaxglauca, were examined to assess the effects of invasion on wetland nutrient levels and sediment microbial communities. Comparison of invaded and uninvaded zones of the marsh indicated that the invaded zone showed significantly lower plant diversity, as well as significantly higher aboveground plant biomass and soil organic matter. The sediments in the invaded zone also showed dramatically higher concentrations of soluble nutrients, including greater than 10-fold higher soluble ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate, which suggests that Typhaxglauca invasion may be impacting the wetland's ability to remove nutrients. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed significant differences in the composition of total bacterial communities (based on 16S-rRNA genes) and denitrifier communities (based on nirS genes) between invaded and uninvaded zones. This shift in denitrifiers in the sediments may be ecologically significant due to the critical role that denitrifying bacteria play in removal of nitrogen by wetlands.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Geologic Sediments", "Michigan", "Bacteria", "Geography", "Nitrogen", "Fresh Water", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Bacterial Physiological Phenomena", "Typhaceae", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Microbiology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00409.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00409.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00409.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00409.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05735.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-07", "title": "Correlations Between Net Primary Productivity And Foliar Carbon Isotope Ratio Across A Tibetan Ecosystem Transect", "description": "

Warming climate could affect leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level carbon isotope composition (\uffce\uffb413C) through variations in photosynthetic gas exchange. However, it is still unclear to what extent variations in foliar \uffce\uffb413C can be used to detect changes in net primary productivity (NPP) because leaf physiology is only one of many determinants of stand productivity. We aim to examine how well site\uffe2\uff80\uff90mean foliar \uffce\uffb413C and stand NPP co\uffe2\uff80\uff90vary across large resource gradients using data obtained from the Tibetan Alpine Vegetation Transects (1900\uffe2\uff80\uff934900 m, TAVT). The TAVT data indicated a robust negative correlation between foliar \uffce\uffb413C and NPP across ecosystems (NPP=\uffe2\uff88\uff922.7224\uffce\uffb413C\uffe2\uff80\uff9067.738, r2=0.60, p<0.001). The mean foliar \uffce\uffb413C decreased with increasing annual precipitation and its covariation with mean temperature and soil organic carbon and nitrogen contents. The results were further confirmed by global literature data. Pooled \uffce\uffb413C data from global literature and this study explained 60% of variations in annual NPP both from TAVT\uffe2\uff80\uff90measures and MODIS\uffe2\uff80\uff90estimates across 67 sites. Our results appear to support a conceptual model relating foliar \uffce\uffb413C and nitrogen concentration (Nmass) to NPP, suggesting that: 1) there is a general (negative) relationship between \uffce\uffb413C and NPP across different water availability conditions; 2) in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited conditions, water availability has greater effects on NPP than Nmass; 3) when water is not limiting, NPP increases with increasing Nmass.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Huazhong Zhu, Lin Zhang, Mingcai Li, Tianxiang Luo, Christopher Daly, Ji Luo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05735.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05735.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05735.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05735.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01113.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-15", "title": "Differential Effects Of Ammonium And Nitrate Deposition On Fen Phanerogams And Bryophytes", "description": "Question: High atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been shown to affect productivity and species composition of terrestrial ecosystems. This study focused on the differential effects of the two inorganic N forms in atmospheric deposition (i.e. ammonium and nitrate). Methods and location: Nutrient addition experiments were carried out during 4 years in a mesotrophic fen in a low-deposition area in Ireland. In a factorial design, plots were fertilized with ammonium and/or nitrate, in two doses comparable with 35 and 70kgNha \ufffd 1 y \ufffd 1 and compared with an unfertilized control. Results: Vascular plant biomass as well as bryophyte biomass were not affected by N dose but showed significantly different responses to the N form. In the ammonium-fertilized plots, vascular plant biomass was higher and moss biomass was lower than the control, while nitrate additions had no effect. Vascular plant species density was high (16 species per 0.49m 2 ) and was not affected by any of the treatments; bryophyte species density was also high (seven species per 0.04m 2 ) but showed a significant decrease upon ammonium fertilization. Conclusion: The vulnerability of the mesotrophic vegetation to enhanced atmospheric N deposition depends strongly on the N form. If N would be mainly deposited as NOx, no detrimental effects on the vegetation will occur. If, however, the deposition is mainly in the form of NHy, the bryophyte vegetation will be seriously damaged, while the vascular plant vegetation will show an increased biomass production with possible shifts in dominance from Carex and herb species to grasses and shrubs.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01113.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01113.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01113.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01113.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18519.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-15", "title": "Insect Biological Control Accelerates Leaf Litter Decomposition And Alters Short-Term Nutrient Dynamics In A Tamarix-Invaded Riparian Ecosystem", "description": "

Insect herbivory can strongly influence ecosystem nutrient dynamics, yet the indirect effects of herbivore\uffe2\uff80\uff90altered litter quality on subsequent decomposition remain poorly understood. The northern tamarisk beetleDiorhabda carinulatawas released across several western states as a biological control agent to reduce the extent of the invasive treeTamarixspp. in highly\uffe2\uff80\uff90valued riparian ecosystems; however, very little is currently known about the effects of this biocontrol effort on ecosystem nutrient cycling. In this study, we examined alterations to nutrient dynamics resulting from beetle herbivory in aTamarix\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded riparian ecosystem in the Great Basin Desert in northern Nevada, USA, by measuring changes in litter quality and decomposition, as well as changes in litter quantity. Generally, herbivory resulted in improved leaf litter chemical quality, including significantly increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and decreased carbon (C) to nitrogen (C:N), C:P, N:P, and lignin:N ratios. Beetle\uffe2\uff80\uff90affected litter decomposed 23% faster than control litter, and released 16% more N and 60% more P during six months of decomposition, as compared to control litter. Both litter types showed a net release of N and P during decomposition. In addition, herbivory resulted in significant increases in annual rates of total aboveground litter and leaf litter production of 82% and 71%, respectively, under theTamarixcanopy. Our finding that increased rates of N and P release linked with an increased rate of mass loss during decomposition resulting from herbivore\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increases in litter quality provides new support to the nutrient acceleration hypothesis. Moreover, results of this study demonstrate that the introduction of the northern tamarisk beetle as biological control to aTamarix\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded riparian ecosystem has lead to short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term stimulation of nutrient cycling. Alterations to nutrient dynamics could have implications for future plant community composition, and thus the potential for restoration ofTamarix\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Keirith A. Snyder, Shauna M. Uselman, Robert R. Blank,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18519.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oikos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18519.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18519.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18519.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-109x.2011.01167.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-16", "title": "Biomass Accumulation During Reed Encroachment Reduces Efficiency Of Restoration Of Baltic Coastal Grasslands", "description": "AbstractQuestion

To what extent is restoration of vegetation in coastal grasslands delayed by accumulation of nutrients after abandonment of traditional management and subsequent reed encroachment? How does nutrient flow in the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil system react to reintroduction of grazing?

Location

Coast of Baltic Sea, western Estonia.

Methods

Abandoned, continuously managed and restored coastal meadows were selected in four different study regions and their vegetation composition sampled. Nitrogen, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg concentrations and C/N ratios were determined in both vegetation and soil. Differences between management groups were evaluated.

Results

Comparison among different management groups revealed several differences in both relative and total amount of nutrients in soil and vegetation. Most soil properties of restored sites were similar to those in abandoned sites. Carbon stock in the soil profile doubled after abandonment, total N concentration in the top soil layer increased while plant available P concentration decreased. The phytomass and chemical composition of phytomass rapidly changed back to a \uffe2\uff80\uff98normal\uffe2\uff80\uff99 level after restoration. Species composition remained different, but species typical of coastal grasslands were present in restored sites. There was a strong site specificity in the results.

Conclusions

Re\uffe2\uff80\uff90establishment of grazing had a rapid impact on plant biomass of coastal grasslands. Species composition responded more slowly, but target species returned relatively quickly. Slow recovery of soil properties, however, means that the results of restoration may be fragile and return of tall\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth vegetation is very probable if managent intensity declines. Long restoration periods should be planned to reach pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90abandonment environmental conditions when using non\uffe2\uff80\uff90destructive restoration methods.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2011.01167.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-109x.2011.01167.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-109x.2011.01167.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2011.01167.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02098.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-24", "title": "Time-Dependent Effects Of Fertilization On Plant Biomass In Floating Fens", "description": "

Abstract. A cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90over fertilization experiment was carried out in Dutch floating fens to investigate effects on biomass production in the same and the following years. In total 16 fertilizer treatments were applied, combining four treatments in 1999 with four treatments in 2000 (addition of 20 g.m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 N, 5 g.m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 P, both elements and unfertilized control). The above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass production of vascular plants was co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited by N and P in both years. However, in plots that were only fertilized in 1999 the effects of individual nutrients differed between the two years: N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization slightly increased the amount of biomass produced in the same year (1999), whereas P\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization did so in the following year (2000). Fertilizer applied in 1999 also influenced the effects of fertilizer applied in 2000. One year after N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization vascular plant growth was still co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited by N and P, but one year after P\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization, vascular plant growth was only limited by N. Bryophyte biomass responded weakly to fertilization. Nutrient concentrations in plant biomass, nutrient standing crops and measurements of N and P availability in the soil indicated that one year after fertilization, the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilizer had mostly \uffe2\uff80\uff98disappeared\uffe2\uff80\uff99 from N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized plots, whereas the availability of P remained markedly enhanced in P\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized plots. In addition, P\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization enhanced the uptake of N by plants the following year. The time\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependence of fertilizer effects was probably caused by (1) higher addition of P than of N relative to the requirements of plants; (2) longer retention of P than of N in the system; (3) positive effect of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization on the availability of N; (4) contrasting effects of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization on nutrient losses by plants and/or on their responses to subsequent nutrient addition; (5) changing interactions between vascular plants and mosses (mainly Sphagnum spp.); (6) nutrient export through the repeated harvest of above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. To determine which nutrient limits plant growth fertilization experiments should be short, avoiding that indirect effects of a non\uffe2\uff80\uff90limiting nutrient influence results. To indicate how changed nutrient supply will affect an ecosystem longer\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments are needed, so that indirect effects have time to develop and be detected.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sabine G\u00fcsewell, Willem Koerselman, Jos T.A. Verhoeven,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02098.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02098.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02098.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02098.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-02-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02333.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-24", "title": "Effects Of Fire Severity In A North Patagonian Subalpine Forest", "description": "

Abstract. Question: What is the relative importance of fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced canopy mortality, soil burning and post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire herbivory on tree seedling performance?

Location: Subalpine Nothofagus pumilio forests at Challhuaco valley (41\uffc2\uffb013'S, 71\uffc2\uffb019'W), Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina.

Methods: We fenced and transplanted soils of three burning severities along a fire severity gradient produced by a fire in 1996. Over two growing seasons we monitored soil water, direct incoming solar radiation, seedling survival, final seedling total biomass and root/shoot ratio. Additionally, we assessed severity\uffe2\uff80\uff90related changes in soil properties.

Results: Incoming radiation (an indicator of the amount of canopy cover left by the fire) was the primary factor influencing spring and summer top soil water availability, first and second\uffe2\uff80\uff90year seedling survival and seedling growth. While seedling survival and soil water content were negatively affected by increased radiation, seedling final biomass was highest in very open microsites. Burned soils showed lower water holding capacity and soil carbon; however these changes did not affect topsoil water, and, contrary to expectation, there was a slight tendency toward higher seedling survival on more heavily burned soils. Herbivory significantly reduced seedling survival, but only under high\uffe2\uff80\uff90radiation conditions. While the effect of radiation on final seedling biomass was not affected by herbivory, R/S ratios were significantly reduced by herbivory in high radiation micro sites.

Conclusions: Despite inducing faster aerial growth, increased radiation and herbivory in severely burned sites may effectively prevent post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire regeneration in north Patagonian subalpine forest where seed sources are not limiting.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02333.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02333.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02333.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02333.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02379.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Biomass Production, N : P Ratio And Nutrient Limitation In A Caucasian Alpine Tundra Plant Community", "description": "AbstractQuestions:

1. To what extent is biomass production of a Caucasian alpine tundra plant community limited by soil nitrogen and/ or phosphorus? 2. Can the foliar N:P ratio predict the nutrient limitation pattern of alpine vascular plant communities?

Location:

Lichen\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich tundra on Mt. Malaya Khatipara in the NW Caucasus, Russia (43\uffc2\uffb027\uffe2\uff80\uff99N, 41\uffc2\uffb042\uffe2\uff80\uff99E; alt. 2800 m a.s.l.).

Methods:

We conducted a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff93year fertilization experiment (N, P, N+P, lime additions and irrigation) on the alpine tundra in the northwestern Caucasus, Russia. We determined responses of biomass, tissue nutrient concentrations and nutrient pools of the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground component of the plant community.

Results:

Total plant community biomass did not respond to fertilization. However, lichen biomass strongly decreased in response to the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and N+P treatments, whereas vascular plant biomass increased in response to the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and even more to the N+P treatment, but not to P or lime addition or irrigation. P\uffe2\uff80\uff90concentrations in vascular plant species were very low, but their biomass production was not principally P\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited, suggesting adaptation to low soil P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability. The N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limitation of vascular plant biomass production in the community, which in lowlands usually occurs at N:P ratios below 16, could not be predicted from the mean foliar N:P mass ratio in the control (N:P = 29).

Conclusions:

This Caucasian alpine plant community is an example of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limitation of vascular plant biomass production, with N being the principal and P the secondary limiting nutrient. Critical N:P ratios as determined for lowland communities are not applicable here.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02379.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02379.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02379.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02379.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02347.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-24", "title": "Contrasting Impacts Of A Native And An Invasive Exotic Shrub On Flood-Plain Succession", "description": "

Abstract. Question: How do Coriaria arborea, an N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing native shrub, and Buddleja davidii, a non\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing exotic shrub, affect N:P stoichiometry in plants and soils during early stages of primary succession on a flood\uffe2\uff80\uff90plain?

Location: Kowhai River Valley, northeast South Island, New Zealand.

Methods: We measured soil and foliar nutrient concentrations, light levels, plant community composition and the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass of Coriaria and Buddleja in four successional stages: open, young, vigorous and mature.

Results: Coriaria occurred at low density but dominated above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass by the vigorous stage. Buddleja occurred at 5.3 \uffc2\uffb1 1.0 stems/m2 in the young stage and reached a maximum biomass of 520\uffe2\uff80\uff93535 g.m\uffe2\uff80\uff902 during the young and vigorous stages. Mineral soil N increased with above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground Coriaria biomass (r2= 0.45), but did not vary with Buddleja biomass. In contrast, soil P increased with Buddleja biomass (r2= 0.35), but not with Coriaria biomass. In early successional stages, 70\uffe2\uff80\uff9380% of the species present were exotic, but this declined to about 15% by the mature stage. Exotic plant species richness declined with increasing Coriaria biomass, but no other measures of diversity varied with either Coriaria or Buddleja biomass.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Buddleja dominates early succession and accumulates P whereas Coriaria dominates later succession and accumulates N. A key ecosystem effect of the invasive exotic Buddleja is alteration of soil N:P stoichiometry.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02347.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02347.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02347.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02347.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02452.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-24", "title": "Ecosystem Changes Associated With Grazing In Subhumid South American Grasslands", "description": "Abstract:

Question:What are the changes in vegetation structure, soil attributes and mesofauna associated with grazing in mesic grasslands?

Location:Southern Campos of the R\uffc3\uffado de la Plata grasslands, in south\uffe2\uff80\uff90central Uruguay.

Methods:We surveyed seven continuously grazed and ungrazed paired plots. Plant and litter cover were recorded on three 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90m interception lines placed parallel to the fence in each plot. We extracted soil fauna from a 10 cm deep composite sample and analysed the oribatids. Soil attributes included bulk density, water content, organic carbon (in particulate and mineral associated organic matter) and nitrogen content and root biomass at different depths. Changes in floristic, Plant Functional Types and mesofauna composition were analysed by Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90metric Multidimensional Scaling.

Results:Species number was lower in ungrazed than in grazed plots. Of 105 species in grazed plots only three were exotics. Shrub and litter cover were significantly higher inside the exclosures, while the cover ofCyperaceae\uffe2\uff80\uff90Juncaceaewas lower. Grazing treatments differed significantly in plant and oribatid species composition. Grazing exclusion significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil water content. Carbon content in particulate organic matter was lower in the upper soil of ungrazed sites, but deeper in the profile, grazing exclosures had 8% more carbon in the mineral associated organic matter.

ConclusionsOur results generally agree with previous studies but deviate from the results of previous analyses in (1) the increase of shrub cover in ungrazed sites; (2) the redistribution of the soil organic carbon in the profile and (3) the low invasibility of the prairies regardless of grazing regime.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02452.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02452.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02452.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02452.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01243.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-07", "title": "Individual And Combined Effects Of Disturbance And N Addition On Understorey Vegetation In A Subarctic Mountain Birch Forest", "description": "Questions: What are the effects of repeated disturbance and N-fertilization on plant community structure in a mountain birch forest? What is the role of enhanced nutrient availability in recovery of understorey vegetation after repeated disturbance? How are responses of soil micro-organisms to disturbance and N-fertilization reflected in nutrient allocation patterns and recovery of understorey vegetation after disturbance? Location: Subarctic mountain birch forest, Finland. Methods: We conducted a fully factorial experiment with annual treatments of disturbance (two levels) and N-fertilization (four levels) during 1998\u20102002. We monitored treatment effects on above-ground plant biomass, plant community structure and plant and soil nutrient concentrations. Results: Both disturbance and N-fertilization increased the relative biomass of graminoids. The increase of relative biomass of graminoids in the disturbance treatment was over twice that of the highest N-fertilization level, and Nfertilization further increased their relative biomass after disturbance. As repeated disturbance broke the dominance of evergreen dwarf shrubs, it resulted in a situation where deciduous species, graminoids and herbs dominated the plant community. Although relative biomass of deciduous dwarf shrubs declined with N-fertilization, it did not cause a shift in plant community structure, as evergreen dwarf shrubs remained dominant. Both disturbance and N-fertilization increased the N concentration in vascular plants, whereas microbial biomass N and C were not affected by the treatments. Concentrations of NH4 , dissolved organic N (DON) and dissolved organic C (DOC) increased in the soil after N-fertilization, whereas concentrations of NH4 and DON decreased after disturbance. Conclusions: Disturbances caused by e.g. humans or herbivores contribute more to changes in the understorey vegetation structure than increased levels of N in subarctic vegetation. Fertilization accelerated the recovery potential after repeated disturbance in graminoids. Microbial activities did not limit plant growth.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "ta1181", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01243.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01243.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01243.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01243.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01321.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-18", "title": "Independent Effects Of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza And Earthworms On Plant Diversity And Newcomer Plant Establishment", "description": "Questions: How do arbuscular mycorrhiza and earthworms affect the structure and diversity of a ruderal plant community? Is the establishment success of newcomer plants enhanced by these soil organisms and their interactions? Methods: We grew a native ruderal plant community composed of different functional groups (grasses, legumes and forbs) in the presence and absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and endogeic earthworms in mesocosms. We introduced seeds of five, mainly exotic, plant species from the same functional groups after a disturbance simulating mowing. The effects of the soil organisms on the native ruderal plant community and seedling establishment of the newcomer plants were assessed. Results: After disturbance, the total above-ground regrowth of the native plant community was not affected by the soil organisms. However, AMF increased plant diversity and shoot biomass of forbs, but decreased shoot biomass of grasses of the native plant community. Earthworms led to a reduction in total root biomass. Establishment of the introduced newcomer plants increased in the presence of AMF and earthworms. Especially, seedling establishment of the introduced non-native legume Lupinus polyphyllus and the native forb Plantago lanceolata was promoted in the presence of AMF and earthworms, respectively. The endogeic earthworms gained more weight in the presence of AMF and led to increased extraradical AMF hyphal length in soil. However, earthworms did not seem to modify the effect of AMF on the plant community. Conclusion: The present study shows the importance of mutualistic soil organisms in mediating the establishment success of newcomer plants in a native plant community. Mutualistic soil organisms lead to changes in the structure and diversity of the native plant community and might promote newcomer plants, including exotic species.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01321.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01321.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01321.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01321.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01422.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-17", "title": "Different Types Of Sub-Alpine Grassland Respond Similarly To Elevated Nitrogen Deposition In Terms Of Productivity And Sedge Abundance", "description": "AbstractQuestion

Increasing emissions of reactive nitrogen (N) compounds threaten the composition of species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich communities even in remote alpine areas. In the few studies available from (sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90)alpine grassland, N deposition altered species composition in favour of sedges, which are assumed to be less limited by phosphorus (P) compared to other species. Is the magnitude of the sedges' relative increase modified by availability of other nutrients, which is in turn influenced by site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific edaphic and climatic conditions?

Location

Swiss Central Alps.

Methods

We selected ten sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine sites that covered a broad range of communities and soil conditions, including both calcareous Seslerietum as well as acidic Nardetum pastures. As a model species, Carex sempervirens Vill. was present at each site. For two consecutive years, in addition to a control, two treatments were applied to the vegetation: (1) 50\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffb7N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 as NH4NO3 and (2) compound NPK fertilizer comprising the same amount of N. Total above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass, fraction of all sedges, leaf length and leaf N, P and potassium (K) content of C. sempervirens were recorded and analysed for their responses to treatments and interaction with variables linked to productivity and nutrient availability (including soil water potential, pH and soil P).

Results

Biomass production was stimulated across all sites on average by 30% with elevated N deposition, and by 60% with NPK fertilizer application, revealing the sites to be similarly co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited by N and by P and K. Also across all sites, the fraction of sedges was increased on average 33% by N addition, but remained constant with NPK application, suggesting stronger P and/or K co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limitation in non\uffe2\uff80\uff90sedge species. N treatment effects were consistent in their direction but varied between sites; nevertheless this variation could not be explained by the measured edaphic or climatic factors. However, by trend, sedges benefited more from N fertilization on sites with higher pH, but benefited less on very dry sites.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal that the observed increase of sedges is a general response of sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine grassland to elevated N deposition and thus can be regarded as universal both for Seslerietum as well as Nardetum pastures.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01422.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01422.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01422.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01422.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01257.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-03", "title": "Can Plant Litter Affect Net Primary Production Of A Typical Steppe In Inner Mongolia?", "description": "Question: Litter (dead leaves or stems) affects production by conserving soil moisture. However, that role is not clear for grasslands where most precipitation falls during the growing season when the demand for water is high. Our question was: Does litter affect forage production in such an environment? Location: Typical steppe, Inner Mongolia. Methods: We examined the role of plant litter in two experiments where litter was either removed or added in a protected or heavily grazed site, respectively, in autumn and in spring in a split plot design. The treatments (control, moderate and heavy litter application) were applied once in five replications but repeated at new locations in each of 3 years. This was done to examine only the direct effect of litter on annual net primary production and selected plant characteristics and not potential secondary effects. We also measured soil moisture and soil temperature. Results: Removing litter caused a reduction in the amount of grass (Leymus chinensis) that was produced, but litter addition caused an inconsistent effect among years, with moderate applications producing the most positive effects. Litter removal resulted in shorter and less dense plants of L. chinensis and Carex duriuscula, while heavy litter addition in autumn reduced plant height of both Cleistogenes squarrosa and C. duriuscula. Conclusions: Litter was effective for enhancing soil moisture status and reducing soil heat units in the typical steppe of Inner Mongolia. Therefore, litter mass may serve as an index of grassland health in such environments.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mengli Zhao, Jing Wang, Guodong Han, Walter D. Willms, Zhongwu Wang, Yongfei Bai,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01257.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01257.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01257.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01257.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00569.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-15", "title": "Nutrient Limitation To Primary Productivity In A Secondary Savanna In Venezuela", "description": "ABSTRACT

We examined nutrient limitation to primary productivity in a secondary savanna in the interior branch of the Coastal Range of Venezuela, which was converted from forest to savanna more than 100 years ago. We manipulated soil nutrients by adding nitrogen (+N), phosphorus and potassium (+PK), and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (+NPK) to intact savanna. Eleven months after fertilization, we measured aboveground biomass and belowground biomass as live fine roots in the top 20 cm of soil, and species and functional group composition in response to nutrient additions. Aboveground biomass was highest in the NPK treatment ([mean g/m2]; control = 402, +N = 718, +PK = 490, +NPK = 949). Aboveground production, however, appeared to be limited primarily by N. Aboveground biomass increased 78 percent when N was added alone but did not significantly respond to PK additions when compared to controls. In contrast to aboveground biomass, belowground biomass increased with PK additions but showed no significant increase with N (depth 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm; [mean g/m2]; control = 685, +N = 443, +PK = 827, +NPK = 832). There was also a 36 percent increase in root length with PK additions when compared to controls. Whole savanna shoot:root ratios were similar for control and +PK (0.6), while those for +N or +NPK fertilization were significantly higher (1.7 and 1.2, respectively). Total biomass response (above + belowground) to nutrient additions showed a strong N and PK co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limitation ([mean g/m2]; control = 1073, +N = 1111, +PK = 1258, +NPK = 1713). Aboveground biomass of all monocots increased with N additions, whereas dicots showed no response to nutrient additions. Trachypogon spp. (T. plumosus+T. vestitus) and Axonopus canescens, the two dominant grasses, made up more than 89 percent of the total aboveground biomass in these sites. Trachypogon spp. responded to NPK, whereas A. canescens, sedges, and the remaining monocots only responded to N. Even though nutrient additions resulted in higher aboveground biomass in N and NPK fertilized plots, this had little effect on plant community composition. With the exception of sedges, which responded positively to N additions and increased from 4 to 8 percent of die plant community, no changes were observed in plant community composition after 11 months.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thaura Ghneim, Carla M. D'Antonio, Nichole N. Barger, Keary Brink, Elvira Cuevas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00569.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biotropica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00569.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00569.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00569.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00170.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-17", "title": "Nutrient Limitation In A Fire-Derived, Nitrogen-Rich Hawaiian Grassland1", "description": "ABSTRACT

Grasslands created by grass invasions into shrublands or woodlands followed by fire are now a dominant feature of many seasonally dry environments. In Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, introduced perennial grasses dominate grasslands created by fire in grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded woodlands. In a previous study, we found that net primary production in these grasslands is substantially lower than in unburned woodlands. Yet, our estimates of annual net nitrogen (N) mineralization showed higher rates in these savannas than in the unburned woodlands, rates that appear to greatly exceed annual N demand by the vegetation. We therefore hypothesized that N should not be limited to the plants growing in these sites. We tested this hypothesis with a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr fertilization experiment. At peak biomass, we found a 30 percent increase in live biomass in plots with N added and no increase in production with only phosphorus (P) added. N and P together were synergistic, suggesting that co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limitation or P limitation becomes important when N is more available. Plants responded to added N by increasing individual leaf area and shoot length by over 50 percent. Tissue N was higher with added N; hence, biomass N was substantially higher. Tissue P concentrations declined with N addition but were elevated by P addition despite lack of a growth response to P alone. Overall, N limitation exists despite high annual rates of net N mineralization, and co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limitation of production by P may occur when N is abundant. Here, asynchrony between plant nutrient demand and N availability may contribute to N limitation.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Carla M. D'Antonio, Michelle C. Mack,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00170.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biotropica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00170.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00170.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00170.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00732.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-06", "title": "Influence Of Precipitation On Soil And Foliar Nutrients Across Nine Costa Rican Forests", "description": "We explored patterns of soil and foliar nutrients across nine mature forest sites in Costa Rica, where mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranged between 3500 and 5500 mm, altitude ranged between 200 and 1200 m, and species composition varied among sites. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between rainfall and plant or soil nutrient characteristics to better understand the potential long-term effects that alterations in MAP could have on the nutrient dynamics of wet forest plant communities. Indicators of soil N availability (net mineralization and nitrification) decreased with MAP but were not related to foliar N. Soil and foliar P, by contrast, were not correlated with MAP but were positively correlated with each other. Thus, across our gradient foliar P was a better predictor of soil nutrient availability than foliar N. There were wide differences in foliar nutrient concentrations and N:P ratios among species within sites. At each site, legumes had higher mean percent N than nonlegumes, resulting in higher N:P ratios for legumes. Taken together, these data suggest that, at least in these forests, a climate-driven decrease in MAP could cause an increase in net N mineralization and nitrification for the wetter sites. However, this may not affect productivity at the community level because of low P availability, complex feedbacks between soil and foliar nutrients, and interactions with other biological and environmental factors such as elevation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michelle C. Mack, Silvia Alvarez-Clare, Silvia Alvarez-Clare,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00732.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biotropica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00732.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00732.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00732.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00123.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-12", "title": "Earthworm Communities In Conventional Wheat Monocropping And Low-Input Wheat-Clover Intercropping Systems", "description": "Summary

A comparative study was conducted on earthworm communities in a conventional winter wheat monocropping system and a low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input intercropping system in which successive crops of winter wheat were direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90drilled into a permanent white clover sward. Earthworm abundance, biomass and species composition under the two cropping systems in the second and third years of successive cropping were assessed each spring and autumn in farm\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale field plots at four sites using formalin and electrical extraction methods. The wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90clover cropping system supported larger earthworm communities (overall mean abundance 548 individuals m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, 137 g biomass m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) than conventional wheat monocropping (194 individuals m\uffe2\uff80\uff902, 36 g biomass m\uffe2\uff80\uff902). Between one and five more earthworm species were recorded in the wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90clover system than in the wheat system at three out of the four study sites. Wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93clover cropping especially favoured species belonging to the epigeic and epigeic/anecic ecological groups such as Lumbricus castaneus, L. festivus, L. rubellus, juvenile Lumbricus and Satchellius mammalis. Earthworm communities in the wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90clover cropping system were comparable in size and species composition to communities normally found in perennial grassland\uffe2\uff80\uff90type habitats such as pastures and grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90legume leys.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R O Clements, Olaf Schmidt, J. P. Curry, R A Hackett, Gordon Purvis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00123.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Applied%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00123.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00123.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00123.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00073.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-21", "title": "Regional-Scale Variation In Litter Production And Seasonality In Tropical Dry Forests Of Southern Mexico", "description": "ABSTRACT

Highly seasonal rainfall creates a pulse of litterfall in the southern Yucatan peninsula region, with cascading effects on the timing of essential nutrient fluxes, microbial dynamics, and vegetation growth. I investigated whether forest age or a regional environmental gradient related to rainfall has a greater effect on patterns of litterfall in this increasingly human\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated landscape. Litterfall was sampled in 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9313 stands in each of three locations spanning a rainfall gradient of ca 900\uffe2\uff80\uff931400 mm/yr. Litter was collected monthly from November 1998 through January 2000 in mature forests and in secondary forests aged 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 yr. Despite a substantial precipitation gradient, age was the only significant predictor of annual litter mass. Two\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to five\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old forests produced significantly less litter than 12\uffe2\uff80\uff9325\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old secondary forests (4.6 vs. 6.2 Mg/ha/yr), but the difference between older secondary forests and mature forests (9 percent) was not significant. Litter production increased with rainfall, but not significantly so. The pattern of litterfall was similar across locations and age classes, with a peak during late March or early April. However, litterfall seasonality was most pronounced in the old secondary and mature forests. Litterfall was more evenly distributed throughout the year in forests under 10 yr old. Seasonality of litterfall was also less pronounced at the wettest site, with less disparity between peak litterfall and off\uffe2\uff80\uff90peak months. Seasonality was not related to soil texture. Forest age and rainfall are important drivers of litterfall dynamics; however, both litter mass and degree of seasonality depended more strongly on forest age. Thus, the impact of land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change on litter nutrient cycling is as great, if not greater, than the constraint imposed by the major natural environmental factor affecting tropical dry forests.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Deborah Lawrence", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00073.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biotropica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00073.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00073.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00073.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00494.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-03", "title": "Effects Of Vegetation Thinning On Above- And Belowground Carbon In A Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest In Mexico", "description": "ABSTRACT

Mature tropical forests are disappearing and secondary forests are becoming more abundant, thus there is an increasing need to understand the ecology and management of secondary forests. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, seasonally dry tropical forests are subject to frequent fire, and early\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional stands are extremely dense. We applied vegetation thinning (removal of all stems < 2 cm in diameter) to hasten secondary succession and open the understory to reduce the fire ladder in an 11\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stand. We quantified the effect of vegetation thinning on above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground carbon over 5 yr. Aboveground carbon included all standing vegetation and belowground carbon included fine roots and organic carbon in the Oi, Oe, and Oa soil horizons. Trees with diameter of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm and > 10 cm had higher carbon accumulation rates in thinned plots than in control plots. Carbon stored in the Oi\uffe2\uff80\uff90horizon and the Oe > 2 mm fraction remained significantly higher in thinned plots even 5 yr after treatment. Carbon in fine roots was significantly higher in thinned plots, and radiocarbon (14C) data suggest that fine roots in thinned plots were recently produced in comparison with fine roots in control plots. We did not find significant differences in total ecosystem carbon after 5 yr (126 \uffc2\uffb1 6 and 136 \uffc2\uffb1 8 Mg C/ha, respectively). These results suggest rapid carbon recovery and support the hypothesis that young tropical forests thinned to hasten succession and reduce the fire hazard may have only a short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term negative impact on carbon accumulation in vegetation and soils.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00494.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biotropica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00494.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00494.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00494.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00831.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-12", "title": "Nitrogen Addition Shapes Soil Phosphorus Availability In Two Reforested Tropical Forests In Southern China", "description": "Abstract

Scant information is available on how soil phosphorus (P) availability responds to atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, especially in the tropical zones. This study examined the effect of N addition on soil P availability, and compared this effect between forest sites of contrasting land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use history. Effects of N addition on soil properties, litterfall production, P release from decomposing litter, and soil P availability were studied in a disturbed (reforested pine forest with previous understory vegetation and litter harvesting) and a rehabilitated (reforested mixed pine/broadleaf forest with no understory vegetation and litter harvesting) tropical forest in southern China. Experimental N\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatments (above ambient) were the following: Control (no N addition), N50 (50\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and N100 (100\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Results indicated that N addition significantly decreased soil P availability in the disturbed forest. In the rehabilitated forest, however, soil P availability was significantly increased by N addition. Decreases in soil P availability may be correlated with decreases in rates of P release from decomposing litter in the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated plots, whereas the increase in soil P availability was correlated with an increase in litterfall production. Our results suggest that response of soil P availability to N deposition in the reforested tropical forests in southern China may vary greatly with temporal changes in tree species composition and soil nutrient status, caused by different land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use practices.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00831.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biotropica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00831.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00831.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00831.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00216.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-17", "title": "Effect Of Pearl Millet\u2013Cowpea Cropping Systems On Nitrogen Recovery, Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Biological Fixation Using The15n Tracer Technique", "description": "Abstract Nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for crop production in many areas of Africa. One strategy to improve yields is to choose crops with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) that can produce economic yields under limited water supply. Little information is available on the comparative performance of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in sole crops and intercrops systems for the NUE of applied fertilizers. This study was conducted under field conditions at the Senegal Agricultural Research Institute from July to October 2001. Two cropping systems were used and included sole crops of pearl millet and cowpea and a millet\u2013cowpea intercrop. 15N-labeled urea at rates of 20\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 (sole and intercrop cowpea) and 41\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 (sole millet and intercrop millet) was applied. Sole millet produced 6,041\u00a0kg\u00a0yield\u00a0ha\u22121 and accumulated 95.27\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121, of which 15.30% was derived from the nitrogen fertilizer and 84.70% from nitrogen mineralized in soil. Th...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00216.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00216.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00216.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00216.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00151.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-26", "title": "The Importance Of Winter In Annual Ecosystem Respiration In The High Arctic: Effects Of Snow Depth In Two Vegetation Types", "description": "Winter respiration in snow-covered ecosystems strongly influences annual carbon cycling, underlining the importance of processes related to the timing and quantity of snow. Fences were used to increase snow depth from 30 to 150 cm, and impacts on respiration were investigated in heath and mesic meadow, two common vegetation types in Svalbard. We manually measured ecosystem respiration from July 2007 to July 2008 at a temporal resolution greater than previously achieved in the High Arctic (campaigns: summer, eight; autumn, six; winter, 17; spring, nine). Moisture contents of unfrozen soil and soil temperatures throughout the year were also recorded. The increased snow depth resulted in significantly higher winter soil temperatures and increased ecosystem respiration. A temperature\u2013efflux model explained most of the variation of observed effluxes: meadows, 94 (controls) and 93% (fences); heaths, 84 and 77%, respectively. Snow fences increased the total non-growing season efflux from 70 to 92 (heaths) and from 68 to 125 g CO2-C m-2 (meadows). The non-growing season contributed to 56 (heaths) and 42% (meadows) of the total annual carbon respired. This proportion increased with deeper snow to 64% in both vegetation types. Summer respiration rates were unaffected by snow fences, but the total growing season respiration was lower behind fences because of the considerably delayed snowmelt. Meadows had higher summer respiration rates than heaths. In addition, non-steady state CO2 effluxes were measured as bursts lasting several days during spring soil thawing, and when ice layers were broken to carry out winter efflux measurements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00151.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Polar%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00151.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00151.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00151.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00150.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-26", "title": "A Comparison Of Annual And Seasonal Carbon Dioxide Effluxes Between Sub-Arctic Sweden And High-Arctic Svalbard", "description": "Recent climate change predictions suggest altered patterns of winter precipitation across the Arctic. It has been suggested that the presence, timing and quantity of snow all affect microbial activity, thus influencing CO2 production in soil. In this study annual and seasonal emissions of CO2 were estimated in High-Arctic Adventdalen, Svalbard, and sub-Arctic Latnjajaure, Sweden, using a new trace gas-based method to track real-time diffusion rates through the snow. Summer measurements from snow-free soils were made using a chamber-based method. Measurements were obtained from different snow regimes in order to evaluate the effect of snow depth on winter CO2 effluxes. Total annual emissions of CO2 from the sub-Arctic site (0.662\u20131.487 kg CO2 m\u20132 yr\u20131) were found to be more than double the emissions from the High-Arctic site (0.369\u20130.591 kg CO2 m\u20132 yr\u20131). There were no significant differences in winter effluxes between snow regimes or vegetation types, indicating that spatial variability in winter soil CO2 effluxes are not directly linked to snow cover thickness or soil temperatures. Total winter emissions (0.004\u2013 0.248 kg CO2 m\u20132) were found to be in the lower range of those previously described in the literature. Winter emissions varied in their contribution to total annual production between 1 and 18%. Artificial snow drifts shortened the snow-free period by 2 weeks and decreased the annual CO2 emission by up to 20%. This study suggests that future shifts in vegetation zones may increase soil respiration from Arctic tundra regions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00150.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Polar%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00150.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00150.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00150.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00202.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-04", "title": "Grazing Management In Saltmarsh Ecosystems Drives Invertebrate Diversity, Abundance And Functional Group Structure", "description": "

Abstract.\uffe2\uff80\uff82 1.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Saltmarsh conservation management often involves livestock grazing to maximise plant diversity and provide suitable breeding habitat for over\uffe2\uff80\uff90wintering coastal birds. The effect of grazing on invertebrates is rarely quantified, but results from limited studies of terrestrial and coastal grasslands demonstrate greater abundance and species richness in un\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazed grassland.

2.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The impact of short sward (<8\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) cattle grazing on the ground dwelling invertebrate community was assessed on an English inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90tidal upper salt marsh using pitfall traps. Abundance, species richness, functional group structure, abundance of coastal specialists, environmental factors that influence invertebrate habitat choice and food web composition were compared for grazed and un\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazed marsh.

3.\uffe2\uff80\uff82In total, 90\uffe2\uff80\uff83000 invertebrates were sampled. Predatory, zoophagus and detritivorous Coleoptera were significantly more abundant on the un\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazed marsh. In contrast, predatory Hemiptera and Araneae were significantly more abundant on the grazed marsh. Sheet weaver spiders were significantly more abundant on the grazed marsh, foliage running hunters and space web builders more abundant on the un\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazed marsh. Most inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90tidal coastal specialist species exhibited clear habitat preference for the grazed marsh. Total species richness was not significantly different between grazing treatments.

4.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Linear direct gradient analysis showed that two environmental variables influenced by grazing intensity, soil temperature and vegetation height, significantly explained the composition of invertebrate functional groups. Larger bodied invertebrates dominated the un\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazed food web.

5.\uffe2\uff80\uff82We conclude that both short sward cattle grazed and un\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazed saltmarsh habitat should be maintained to maximise invertebrate abundance and diversity and provide suitable habitat for coastal specialists.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "food web", "grasslands", "prey capture method", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Coleoptera", "Hemiptera", "spiders", "Araneae", "14. Life underwater", "insects", "body size", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00202.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Insect%20Conservation%20and%20Diversity", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00202.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00202.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00202.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10115/24585", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-02-21", "title": "Functional traits explain both seedling and adult plant spatial patterns in gypsum annual species", "description": "Abstract

Ecological processes such as seed dispersal or plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant interactions and environmental constraints such as climate or soil heterogeneity are known to influence establishment, and thus the spatial patterns of plant communities and populations. In this study, we hypothesized that key functional traits such as the specific leaf area (SLA), reproductive ratio (reproductive/vegetative biomass), seed mass and maximum plant height would influence the spatial patterns of individual species in annual, gypsophilous plant communities, and that these effects would be modulated by both the soil surface structure (biocrust) and climate (precipitation) conditions.

We mapped the spatial patterns of all plants found in six 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffc2\uffa0m plots (more than 1000 individuals per plot) in both the seedling (autumn) and adult stages (spring) under two biocrust experimental conditions (intact vs. disturbed biocrust) during two consecutive years which were contrasted in term of precipitation (dry year and wet year). To assess the spatial patterns of seedlings and adults, we fitted four different spatial point pattern models (i.e. Poisson, inhomogeneous Poisson, Poisson cluster and inhomogeneous Poisson cluster processes) to each of the 242 populations of the 26 most abundant species that had more than 15 individuals per plot.

Most seedling populations exhibited clustered spatial patterns that persisted in the adult stage, which suggests that short\uffe2\uff80\uff90distance dispersal is an adaptive trait for soil specialists such as gypsophilous plants. One\uffe2\uff80\uff90third of the populations fitted an inhomogeneous model best but the physical structure of the biocrust was not related to them. More importantly, we found a connection between the functional strategies of species and the spatial distribution of plants. In particular, during the dry year, irrespective of the biocrust conditions, species with a high SLA and high Rep/Veg mainly exhibited clustered spatial patterns, whereas low SLA and low Rep/Veg were associated with random distributions. Species with heavy and light seed masses had random and clustered patterns, respectively. In both the dry and wet years, species with lower maximum heights had clustered patterns, whereas taller species exhibited random patterns. In addition, species with heavier seeds and greater maximum heights had the largest cluster sizes.

Our results confirm that the spatial patterns of seedlings and adult plants are significantly determined by the functional strategy of each species.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Lumbricid earthworms are invasive across northern North America, causing notable changes in forest ecosystems. During their range expansion, they encountered harsher climatic conditions compared to their native ranges in short time (~400\uffc2\uffa0years). This study investigated if (a) dispersal barriers, (b) climatic selection or (c) anthropogenic activities, that is fishing bait disposal, structure the dispersal of free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living earthworm populations.

Location

North America, forest habitats along former Wisconsinan glaciation line.

Taxon

Lumbricus terrestris, L. rubellus.

Methods

Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occur in the same habitats but differ in ecology and use as fishing bait. Both species were sampled in five transects ranging from the east to the west coast of northern North America, including major dispersal barriers, three different climate zones, and bait shops near sampling locations. Genetic diversity and structure were compared between the two species, and the presence of free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living bait shop genotypes was assessed using four markers (COI, 16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, and H3).

Results

Populations of both species were genetically diverse with some geographic structure, which was more pronounced in L. terrestris than in L. rubellus. Common haplotypes were present in all regions, but locally restricted haplotypes also occurred. Furthermore, two distinct genetic clades of L. terrestris co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurred only in the two most distant transects (Alberta and Minnesota). Genotypes identical to bait individuals were omnipresent in field populations of L. terrestris.

Main Conclusions

Genetic diversity was high in both species, and invasive populations represented a genetic subset of European earthworms. Geographic and climatic dispersal barriers affected the less mobile species, L. terrestris, resulting in differences in genetic structure between the two species. Our results indicate common long\uffe2\uff80\uff90distance dispersal vectors and vectors affecting only L. terrestris. The roles of climate and anthropogenic activities are discussed, providing additional explanations of dispersal and new insights into establishment of invasive earthworm populations.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jbi.13744"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13744"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/jbi.13744", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/jbi.13744", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/jbi.13744"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/jvs.12233", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-03", "title": "No Evidence Of Facilitation Collapse In The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractQuestions

The relative importance of facilitation under different environmental conditions has raised some recent controversy centred on predictions of the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) for its apparent lack of predictive power under very stressful conditions. This criticism, however, is not widely shared nor fully supported by empirical data. We addressed whether changes in interaction intensity in plots under severe environmental stress determine an increase in facilitation and whether facilitation would expand the realized niche of some plant species.

Location

Four sites differing in elevation and environmental conditions along a N\uffe2\uff80\uff93S transect in the Central Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province, China.

Methods

We assessed plant interaction intensity between the cushion plant, Androsace tapete, and species growing inside its canopy. We recorded species and number of individuals in cushions and in gaps, and mass of the two most frequent species in each site.

Results

Interactions ranged from competition to facilitation, depending on environmental severity. Net interaction balance followed predictions of the SGH, from competition on the relatively more mesic sites to facilitation in the relatively more stressful sites. There were no hints of facilitation collapse even though our harsher sites posed extreme conditions for plant survival. The main limiting factor seems to be temperature, as interaction intensity responded most to this factor, rather than to elevation or rainfall.

Conclusions

Facilitation expanded the realized niche of some species, countering adverse environmental conditions. We found no collapse of facilitation under the most stressful conditions, even though some sites were at the edge of the distribution range for the cushion species.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12233"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/jvs.12233", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/jvs.12233", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/jvs.12233"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/jvs.12317", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-24", "title": "Large Herbivores Change The Direction Of Interactions Within Plant Communities Along A Salt Marsh Stress Gradient", "description": "AbstractQuestion

How multiple abiotic stress factors combined with herbivory affect interactions within plant communities is poorly understood. We ask how large herbivore grazing affects the direction of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant interactions along an environmental gradient in a salt marsh.

Location

Grazed (cattle) and ungrazed salt marshes of the Dutch Wadden Sea island Schiermonnikoog. Here, patches of tall plant communities, dominated by the tough, unpalatable species Juncus maritimus Lam., are found alternating with low\uffe2\uff80\uff90statured, intensively grazed plant communities.

Methods

Along the inundation gradient, we measured plant species composition and plant species traits (specific leaf area, specific root length, maximum height and abundance) inside and outside J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus patches in grazed and ungrazed areas. In addition, we measured soil structure parameters (bulk density, soil porosity, clay depth), multiple limiting conditions for plant growth (soil salinity, soil redox, plant canopy light interception), plant biomass, presence of herbivores and abundance of soil macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90detritivores.

Results

Under grazing, the palatable grasses Elytrigia atherica (Link) Kergu\uffc3\uffa9len and Festuca rubra L. were positively associated with J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus, while shade\uffe2\uff80\uff90intolerant Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl. and Juncus gerardii\uffc2\uffa0 Loisel. were negatively associated with this species. Furthermore, macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90detritivore presence was higher inside J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus patches. In ungrazed areas E.\uffc2\uffa0atherica and F.\uffc2\uffa0rubra were negatively associated with J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus, while P.\uffc2\uffa0maritima and J.\uffc2\uffa0gerardii were rare. In both grazed and ungrazed conditions the directions of species associations were independent of the inundation gradient. Analysis of species traits and abiotic conditions suggested that associational resistance (a facilitation type) was important in grazed areas. In ungrazed areas, light competition was the likely dominant process.

Conclusions

The direction of species associations within these salt marsh communities was strongly affected by grazing, not by the underlying stress gradient. Measurement of species traits indicated that plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant interactions shifted from competitive to facilitative under grazing. Besides grazing, cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90trophic facilitation of soil disturbing macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90detritivores may play an important \uffe2\uff80\uff93 thus far ignored \uffe2\uff80\uff93 role in structuring plant communities.

", "keywords": ["Plant traits", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Salt marsh", "Macro-detritivores", "SUCCESSION", "Stress gradient hypothesis", "PREDICTIONS", "COMPETITION", "HALOPHYTES", "15. Life on land", "ALKALI GRASSLANDS", "FACILITATION", "01 natural sciences", "POSITIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS", "Grazing", "Plant-plant interactions", "FUNCTIONAL TRAITS", "Trampling", "Orchestia gammarellus Pallas. 1766", "BIOTURBATION", "Facilitation", "Juncus maritimus Lam.", "VEGETATION", "Multiple stressors"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12317"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/jvs.12317", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/jvs.12317", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/jvs.12317"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/mec.15632", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-27", "title": "Comparison of markers for the monitoring of freshwater benthic biodiversity through DNA metabarcoding", "description": "Abstract

Metabarcoding of bulk or environmental DNA has great potential for biomonitoring of freshwater environments. However, successful application of metabarcoding to biodiversity monitoring requires universal primers with high taxonomic coverage that amplify highly variable, short metabarcodes with high taxonomic resolution. Moreover, reliable and extensive reference databases are essential to match the outcome of metabarcoding analyses with available taxonomy and biomonitoring indices. Benthic invertebrates, particularly insects, are key taxa for freshwater bioassessment. Nevertheless, few studies have so far assessed markers for metabarcoding of freshwater macrobenthos. Here we combined in silico and laboratory analyses to test the performance of different markers amplifying regions in the 18S rDNA (Euka02), 16S rDNA (Inse01) and COI (BF1_BR2\uffe2\uff80\uff90COI) genes, and developed an extensive database of benthic macroinvertebrates of France and Europe, with a particular focus on key insect orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera). Analyses on 1,514 individuals representing different taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates showed very different amplification success across primer combinations. The Euka02 marker showed the highest universality, while the Inse01 marker showed excellent performance for the amplification of insects. BF1_BR2\uffe2\uff80\uff90COI showed the highest resolution, while the resolution of Euka02 was often limited. By combining our data with GenBank information, we developed a curated database including sequences representing 822 genera. The heterogeneous performance of the different primers highlights the complexity in identifying the best markers, and advocates for the integration of multiple metabarcodes for a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of ecological impacts on freshwater biodiversity.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "amplification rate; biomonitoring; biotic indices; cytochrome c oxidase I; environmental DNA; freshwater biodiversity; macroinvertebrates; primer bias; taxonomic resolution; universality", "500", "Fresh Water", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Europe", "Animals", "DNA Barcoding", " Taxonomic", "Humans", "France", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/791349/3/ficetola%20et%20al%202020%20Mol%20Ecol%20submitted.pdf"}, {"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/791349/4/mec.15632.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mec.15632"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15632"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecular%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/mec.15632", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/mec.15632", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/mec.15632"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/mec.14358", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-19", "title": "Speciation below ground: Tempo and mode of diversification in a radiation of endogean ground beetles", "description": "Abstract

Dispersal is a critical factor determining the spatial scale of speciation, which is constrained by the ecological characteristics and distribution of a species\uffe2\uff80\uff99 habitat and the intrinsic traits of species. Endogean taxa are strongly affected by the unique qualities of the below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground environment and its effect on dispersal, and contrasting reports indicate either high dispersal capabilities favoured by small body size and mediated by passive mechanisms, or low dispersal due to restricted movement and confinement inside the soil. We studied a species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich endogean ground beetle lineage, Typhlocharina, including three genera and more than 60 species, as a model for the evolutionary biology of dispersal and speciation in the deep soil. A time\uffe2\uff80\uff90calibrated molecular phylogeny generated from >400 individuals was used to delimit candidate species, to study the accumulation of lineages through space and time by species\uffe2\uff80\uff93area\uffe2\uff80\uff93age relationships and to determine the geographical structure of the diversification using the relationship between phylogenetic and geographic distances across the phylogeny. Our results indicated a small spatial scale of speciation in Typhlocharina and low dispersal capacity combined with sporadic long distance, presumably passive dispersal events that fuelled the speciation process. Analysis of lineage growth within Typhlocharina revealed a richness plateau correlated with the range of distribution of lineages, suggesting a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term species richness equilibrium mediated by density dependence through limits of habitat availability. The interplay of area\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and age\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent processes ruling the lineage diversification in Typhlocharina may serve as a general model for the evolution of high species diversity in endogean mesofauna.

Soil adjacent to roots has distinct structural and physical properties from bulk soil, affecting water and solute acquisition by plants. Detailed knowledge on how root activity and traits such as root hairs affect the three\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensional pore structure at a fine scale is scarce and often contradictory.

Roots of hairless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Optic) mutant (NRH) and its wildtype (WT) parent were grown in tubes of sieved (<250\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) sandy loam soil under two different water regimes. The tubes were scanned by synchrotron\uffe2\uff80\uff90based X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography to visualise pore structure at the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93root interface. Pore volume fraction and pore size distribution were analysed vs distance within 1\uffc2\uffa0mm of the root surface.

Less dense packing of particles at the root surface was hypothesised to cause the observed increased pore volume fraction immediately next to the epidermis. The pore size distribution was narrower due to a decreased fraction of larger pores. There were no statistically significant differences in pore structure between genotypes or moisture conditions.

A model is proposed that describes the variation in porosity near roots taking into account soil compaction and the surface effect at the root surface.

Unlike plants and vertebrates, the ecological preferences, and potential vulnerabilities of soil invertebrates to environmental change, remain poorly understood in terrestrial ecosystems globally. We conducted a cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90biome survey including 83 locations across six continents to advance our understanding of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity of dominant and functionally important soil invertebrate taxa, including nematodes, arachnids and rotifers. The diversity of invertebrates was analyzed through amplicon sequencing. Vegetation and climate drove the diversity and dominant taxa of soil invertebrates. Our results suggest that declines in forest cover and plant diversity, and reductions in plant production associated with increases in aridity, can result in reductions of the diversity of soil invertebrates in a drier and more managed world. We further developed global atlases of the diversity of these important soil invertebrates, which were cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90validated using an independent database. Our study advances the current knowledge of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity and presence of functionally important soil invertebrates in soils from across the globe. This information is fundamental for improving and prioritizing conservation efforts of soil genetic resources and management policies.

Ecosystem water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency (WUE) is an important metric linking the global land carbon and water cycles. Eddy covariance\uffe2\uff80\uff90based estimates of WUE in temperate/boreal forests have recently been found to show a strong and unexpected increase over the 1992\uffe2\uff80\uff932010 period, which has been attributed to the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant physiology.

To test this hypothesis, we forced the observed trend in the process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based land surface model JSBACH by increasing the sensitivity of stomatal conductance (gs) to atmospheric CO2 concentration. We compared the simulated continental discharge, evapotranspiration (ET), and the seasonal CO2 exchange with observations across the extratropical northern hemisphere.

The increased simulated WUE led to substantial changes in surface hydrology at the continental scale, including a significant decrease in ET and a significant increase in continental runoff, both of which are inconsistent with large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale observations. The simulated seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2 decreased over time, in contrast to the observed upward trend across ground\uffe2\uff80\uff90based measurement sites.

Our results provide strong indications that the recent, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale WUE trend is considerably smaller than that estimated for these forest ecosystems. They emphasize the decreasing CO2 sensitivity of WUE with increasing scale, which affects the physiological interpretation of changes in ecosystem WUE.

", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "plant physiology", "Vapor Pressure", "evapotranspiration", "577", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "water efficiency", "3. Good health", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "atmospheric carbon dioxide", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "ecosystems", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.14288"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14288"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.14288", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.14288", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.14288"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.14705", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-31", "title": "High-resolution synchrotron imaging shows that root hairs influence rhizosphere soil structure formation", "description": "Summary

In this paper, we provide direct evidence of the importance of root hairs on pore structure development at the root\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interface during the early stage of crop establishment.

This was achieved by use of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution (c. 5\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT) to visualise both the structure of root hairs and the soil pore structure in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil microcosms. Two contrasting genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare), with and without root hairs, were grown for 8\uffc2\uffa0d in microcosms packed with sandy loam soil at 1.2\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffe2\uff88\uff923 dry bulk density. Root hairs were visualised within air\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pore spaces, but not in the fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soil regions.

We found that the genotype with root hairs significantly altered the porosity and connectivity of the detectable pore space (>\uffc2\uffa05\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) in the rhizosphere, as compared with the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90hair mutants. Both genotypes showed decreasing pore space between 0.8 and 0.1\uffc2\uffa0mm from the root surface. Interestingly the root\uffe2\uff80\uff90hair\uffe2\uff80\uff90bearing genotype had a significantly greater soil pore volume\uffe2\uff80\uff90fraction at the root\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interface.

Effects of pore structure on diffusion and permeability were estimated to be functionally insignificant under saturated conditions when simulated using image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modelling.

", "keywords": ["construction", "EP/M020355/1", "QH301 Biology", "non-invasive imaging", "Plant Roots", "630", "root hairs", "noninvasive imaging", "QH301", "Soil", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "646809DIMR", "synchrotron", "Computer Simulation", "BB/L025620/1", "BB/J00868/1", "NE/L00237/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Research", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "image-based modelling", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Rhizosphere", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rhizosphere", "soil structure", "synchroton", "Porosity", "BB/P004180/1", "Synchrotrons", "BB/L025825/1", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4981/1/Koebernick_et_al-2017-New_Phytologist.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412143/1/s1_ln2680534218582232741703867393Hwf_1771574461IdV_16951475526805342FIRST_LOOK_PDF0001.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.14705"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14705"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.14705", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.14705", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.14705"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12409", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-22", "title": "Fire, Hurricane And Carbon Dioxide: Effects On Net Primary Production Of A Subtropical Woodland", "description": "Summary

Disturbance affects most terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to shape their responses to chronic environmental change.

Scrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak vegetation regenerating from fire disturbance in subtropical Florida was exposed to experimentally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (+350\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcl\uffc2\uffa0l\uffe2\uff88\uff921) using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers for 11\uffc2\uffa0yr, punctuated by hurricane disturbance in year 8. Here, we report the effects of elevated CO2 on aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) and nitrogen (N) cycling during this experiment.

The stimulation of NPP and N uptake by elevated CO2 peaked within 2\uffc2\uffa0yr after disturbance by fire and hurricane, when soil nutrient availability was high. The stimulation subsequently declined and disappeared, coincident with low soil nutrient availability and with a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in the N concentration of oak stems.

These findings show that strong growth responses to elevated CO2 can be transient, are consistent with a progressively limited response to elevated CO2 interrupted by disturbance, and illustrate the importance of biogeochemical responses to extreme events in modulating ecosystem responses to global environmental change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY", "Scrub oak ecosystem", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Quercus", "Soil", "nitrogen cycling", "oak woodland", "ECOSYSTEMS", "Global environmental change", "Biomass", "ROOT BIOMASS", "disturbance", "Florida scrub", "elevated CO2", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Plant Stems", "Cyclonic Storms", "Aboveground biomass", "FOREST PRODUCTIVITY", "Hurricane", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "LONG-TERM EXPOSURE", "Net primary productivity", "Long term exposure", "Florida", "Elevated CO2", "fire", "FLORIDA SCRUB", "ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS", "Nitrogen cycling", "TERRESTRIAL", "Oak woodland", "ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "Elevated CO 2", "Nitrogen", "hurricane", "Forest productivity", "Fires", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM", "Net primary productivity (NPP)", "Ecosystem", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "Atmosphere", "net primary productivity (NPP)", "Root biomass", "Plant Sciences", "global environmental change", "Disturbance", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOIL CARBON"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/biology_fac_pubs/article/1266/viewcontent/Day2013FireHurricaneandCarbonDioxideOCR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12409", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12409", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.14872", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-06", "title": "Ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 governed by plant\u2013soil interactions and the cost of nitrogen acquisition", "description": "

Contents Summary 507 I. Introduction 507 II. The return on investment approach 508 III. CO2 response spectrum 510 IV. Discussion 516 Acknowledgements 518 References 518

Summary

Land ecosystems sequester on average about a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It has been proposed that nitrogen (N) availability will exert an increasingly limiting effect on plants\uffe2\uff80\uff99 ability to store additional carbon (C) under rising CO2, but these mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we review findings from elevated CO2 experiments using a plant economics framework, highlighting how ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 may depend on the costs and benefits of plant interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing microbes. We found that N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition efficiency is positively correlated with leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level photosynthetic capacity and plant growth, and negatively with soil C storage. Plants that associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixers may acquire N at a lower cost than plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, the additional growth in ectomycorrhizal plants is partly offset by decreases in soil C pools via priming. Collectively, our results indicate that predictive models aimed at quantifying C cycle feedbacks to global change may be improved by treating N as a resource that can be acquired by plants in exchange for energy, with different costs depending on plant interactions with microbial symbionts.

Terrestrial primary productivity and carbon cycle impacts of droughts are commonly quantified using vapour pressure deficit (VPD) data and remotely sensed greenness, without accounting for soil moisture. However, soil moisture limitation is known to strongly affect plant physiology.

Here, we investigate light use efficiency, the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP) to absorbed light. We derive its fractional reduction due to soil moisture (fLUE), separated from VPD and greenness changes, using artificial neural networks trained on eddy covariance data, multiple soil moisture datasets and remotely sensed greenness.

This reveals substantial impacts of soil moisture alone that reduce GPP by up to 40% at sites located in sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90humid, semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid or arid regions. For sites in relatively moist climates, we find, paradoxically, a muted fLUE response to drying soil, but reduced fLUE under wet conditions.

fLUE identifies substantial drought impacts that are not captured when relying solely on VPD and greenness changes and, when seasonally recurring, are missed by traditional, anomaly\uffe2\uff80\uff90based drought indices. Counter to common assumptions, fLUE reductions are largest in drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90deciduous vegetation, including grasslands. Our results highlight the necessity to account for soil moisture limitation in terrestrial primary productivity data products, especially for drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90related assessments.

Our ability to understand the effect of nutrient limitation on ecosystem productivity is key to the prediction of future terrestrial carbon storage. Significant progress has been made to include phosphorus (P) cycle processes in land surface models (LSMs), but these efforts are focused on the soil component of the P cycle. Incorporating the soil component is important to estimate plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available P, but does not necessarily address the vegetation response to P limitation or plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions. A more detailed representation of plant P processes is needed to link nutrient availability and ecosystem productivity. We review physiological and biochemical evidence for vegetation responses to P availability, and recommend ways to move towards a more physiological representation of vegetation P processes in LSMs.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "plants", "Phosphorus", "growth (plants)", "15. Life on land", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Biomass", "phosphorus content", "Photosynthesis", "metabolism", "soils", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15688"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15688"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15688", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15688", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15688"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ppa.13674", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-11", "title": "The impact of xylem geometry on olive cultivar resistance to Xylella fastidiosa: An image\u2010based study", "description": "Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited plant pathogen infecting many crops globally and is the cause of the recent olive disease epidemic in Italy. One strategy proposed to mitigate losses is to replant susceptible crops with resistant varieties. Several genetic, biochemical and biophysical traits are associated to X. fastidiosa disease resistance. However, mechanisms underpinning resistance are poorly understood. We hypothesize that the susceptibility of olive cultivars to infection will correlate to xylem vessel diameters, with narrower vessels being resistant to air embolisms and having slower flow rates limiting pathogen spread. To test this, we scanned stems from four olive cultivars of varying susceptibility to X. fastidiosa using X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography. Scans were processed by a bespoke methodology that segmented vessels, facilitating diameter measurements. Though significant differences were not found comparing stem\uffe2\uff80\uff90average vessel section diameters among cultivars, they were found when comparing diameter distributions. Moreover, the measurements indicated that although vessel diameter distributions may play a role regarding the resistance of Leccino, it is unlikely they do for FS17. Considering Young\uffe2\uff80\uff93Laplace and Hagen\uffe2\uff80\uff93Poiseuille equations, we inferred differences in embolism susceptibility and hydraulic conductivity of the vasculature. Our results suggest susceptible cultivars, having a greater proportion of larger vessels, are more vulnerable to air embolisms. In addition, results suggest that under certain pressure conditions, functional vasculature in susceptible cultivars could be subject to greater stresses than in resistant cultivars. These results support investigation into xylem morphological screening to help inform olive replanting. Furthermore, our framework could test the relevance of xylem geometry to disease resistance in other crops.

Late frost can destroy the photosynthetic apparatus of trees. We hypothesized that this can alter the normal cyclic dynamics of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90reserves in the wood.

We measured soluble sugar concentrations and radiocarbon signatures (\uffce\uff9414C) of soluble nonstructural carbon (NSC) in woody tissues sampled from a Mediterranean beech forest that was completely defoliated by an exceptional late frost in 2016. We used the bomb radiocarbon approach to estimate the time elapsed since fixation of mobilized soluble sugars.

During the leafless period after the frost event, soluble sugar concentrations declined sharply while \uffce\uff9414C of NSC increased. This can be explained by the lack of fresh assimilate supply and a mobilization of C from reserve pools. Soluble NSC became increasingly older during the leafless period, with a maximum average age of 5\uffc2\uffa0yr from samples collected 27\uffc2\uffa0d before canopy recovery. Following leaf re\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth, soluble sugar concentrations increased and \uffce\uff9414C of soluble NSC decreased, indicating the allocation of new assimilates to the stem soluble sugars pool.

These data highlight that beech trees rapidly mobilize reserve C to survive strong source\uffe2\uff80\uff93sink imbalances, for example due to late frost, and show that NSC is a key trait for tree resilience under global change.

Limitation to root growth results from forces required to overcome soil resistance to deformation. The variations in individual particle forces affects root development and often deflects the growth trajectory.

We have developed transparent soil and optical projection tomography microscopy systems where measurements of growth trajectory and particle forces can be acquired in a granular medium at a range of confining pressures. We developed image\uffe2\uff80\uff90processing pipelines to analyse patterns in root trajectories and a stochastic\uffe2\uff80\uff90mechanical theory to establish how root deflections relate to particle forces and thickening of the root.

Root thickening compensates for the increase in mean particle forces but does not prevent deflections from 5% of most extreme individual particle forces causing root deflection. The magnitude of deflections increases with pressure but they assemble into helices of conserved wavelength in response linked to gravitropism.

The study reveals mechanisms for the understanding of root growth in mechanically impeding soil conditions and provides insights relevant to breeding of drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant crops.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is increasing, which increases leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, and soil organic matter; transferring carbon from the atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink). A substantial global terrestrial carbon sink would slow the rate of [CO2] increase and thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 responses are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents of global change and evidence for a [CO2]\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory and broad, multidisciplinary evidence for the effects of increasing [CO2] (iCO2) on the global terrestrial carbon sink. Evidence suggests a substantial increase in global photosynthesis since pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90industrial times. Established theory, supported by experiments, indicates that iCO2 is likely responsible for about half of the increase. Global carbon budgeting, atmospheric data, and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparent iCO2 responses are high in comparison to experiments and predictions from theory. Plant mortality and soil carbon iCO2 responses are highly uncertain. In conclusion, a range of evidence supports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO2, albeit with uncertain magnitude and strong suggestion of a role for additional agents of global change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Carbon Sequestration", "CO fertilization", "550", "global carbon cycle", "Land-atmosphere feedback", "Climate Change", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon Cycle", "Global carbon cycle", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "03 medical and health sciences", "land\u2013atmosphere feedback", "forests and forestry", "atmospheric carbon dioxide", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "free-air CO enrichment (FACE)", "CO-fertilization hypothesis", "CO2-fertilization hypothesis", "CO2 fertilization", "Ecosystem", "0303 health sciences", "photosynthesis", "Beta factor", "Atmosphere", "500", "terrestrial ecosystems", "carbon dioxide", "Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "terrestrial ecosystems.", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "beta factor", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "ecosystems", "free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/165394/1/Walker_et_al_200713_Draft7_submitted.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.16866"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.16866", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.16866", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.16866"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-21T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Sciences&offset=2050&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Sciences&offset=2050&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Sciences&offset=2000", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Sciences&offset=2100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 3304, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T09:56:20.762328Z"}