{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/nph.16554", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-21", "title": "Linking root structure to functionality: the impact of root system architecture on citrate\u2010enhanced phosphate uptake", "description": "Summary

Root citrate exudation is thought to be important for phosphate solubilization. Previous research has concluded that cluster\uffe2\uff80\uff90like roots benefit most from this exudation in terms of increased phosphate uptake, suggesting that root structure plays an important role in citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90enhanced uptake (additional phosphate uptake due to citrate exudation).

Time\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolved computed tomography images of wheat root systems were used as the geometry for 3D citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90phosphate solubilization models. Citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90enhanced uptake was correlated with morphological measures of the root systems to determine which had the most benefit.

A large variation of citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90enhanced uptake over 11 root structures was observed. Root surface area dominated absolute phosphate uptake, but did not explain citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90enhanced uptake. Number of exuding root tips correlated well with citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90enhanced uptake. Root tips in close proximity could collectively exude high amounts of citrate, resulting in a delayed spike in citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90enhanced uptake.

Root system architecture plays an important role in citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90enhanced uptake. Singular morphological measurements of the root systems cannot entirely explain variations in citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90enhanced uptake. Root systems with many tips would benefit greatly from citrate exudation. Quantifying citrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90enhanced uptake experimentally is difficult as variations in root surface area would overwhelm citrate benefits.

Climate change jeopardizes human health, global biodiversity, and sustainability of the biosphere. To make reliable predictions about climate change, scientists use Earth system models (ESMs) that integrate physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring on land, the oceans, and the atmosphere. Although critical for catalyzing coupled biogeochemical processes, microorganisms have traditionally been left out of ESMs. Here, we generate a \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctop 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9d list of priorities, opportunities, and challenges for the explicit integration of microorganisms into ESMs. We discuss the need for coarse-graining microbial information into functionally relevant categories, as well as the capacity for microorganisms to rapidly evolve in response to climate-change drivers. Microbiologists are uniquely positioned to collect novel and valuable information necessary for next-generation ESMs, but this requires data harmonization and transdisciplinary collaboration to effectively guide adaptation strategies and mitigation policy.

", "keywords": ["Naturgeografi", "Earth", " Planet", "Climate Change", "Microbiology", "traits", "biogeochemistry", "Humans", "Ecosystem", "Biomedical and Clinical Sciences", "Bacteria", "biogeochemistry; modeling; traits; climate change", "modeling", "Opinion/Hypothesis", "Biodiversity", "Biological Sciences", "Medical microbiology", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "Climate Science", "3. Good health", "Climate Action", "climate change", "Physical Geography", "Medical Microbiology", "13. Climate action", "Biochemistry and cell biology", "Biochemistry and Cell Biology", "Generic health relevance", "Klimatvetenskap"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/mbio.00455-24"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00455-24"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mBio", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/mbio.00455-24", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/mbio.00455-24", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/mbio.00455-24"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17310", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-17", "title": "Towards reliable measurements of trace gas fluxes at plant surfaces", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Rainforest", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Methane", "Reunion", "01 natural sciences", "Trees"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.17310"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17310"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.17310", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.17310", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.17310"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17474", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-20", "title": "Novel functions of the root barrier to radial oxygen loss \u2013 radial diffusion resistance to H2 and water vapour", "description": "Summary

The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a trait enabling waterlogging tolerance of plants. The ROL barrier restricts O2 diffusion to the anoxic soil so that O2 is retained inside root tissues.

We hypothesised that the ROL barrier can also restrict radial diffusion of other gases (H2 and water vapour) in rice roots with a barrier to ROL. We used O2 and H2 microsensors to measure ROL and permeability of rice roots, and gravimetric measurements to assess the influence of the ROL barrier on radial water loss (RWL).

The ROL barrier greatly restricted radial diffusion of O2 as well as H2. At 60\uffc2\uffa0kPa pO2, we found no radial diffusion of O2 across the barrier, and for H2 the barrier reduced radial diffusion by 73%. Similarly, RWL was reduced by 93% in roots with a ROL barrier.

Our study showed that the root barrier to ROL not only completely blocks radial O2 diffusion under steep concentration gradients but is also a diffusive barrier to H2 and to water vapour. The strong correlation between ROL and RWL presents a case in which simple measurements of RWL can be used to predict ROL in screening studies with a focus on waterlogging tolerance.

Feedback between plants and soil microbial communities can be a powerful driver of vegetation dynamics. Plants elicit changes in the soil microbiome that either promote or suppress conspecifics at the same location, thereby regulating population density\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependence and species co\uffe2\uff80\uff90existence. Such effects are often attributed to the accumulation of host\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific antagonistic or beneficial microbiota in the rhizosphere. However, the identity and host\uffe2\uff80\uff90specificity of the microbial taxa involved are rarely empirically assessed. Here we review the evidence for host\uffe2\uff80\uff90specificity in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated microbes and propose that specific plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedbacks can also be driven by generalists. We outline the potential mechanisms by which generalist microbial pathogens, mutualists and decomposers can generate differential effects on plant hosts and synthesize existing evidence to predict these effects as a function of plant investments into defence, microbial mutualists and dispersal. Importantly, the capacity of generalist microbiota to drive plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedbacks depends not only on the traits of individual plants but also on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of plant communities. Identifying factors that promote specialization or generalism in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbial interactions and thereby modulate the impact of microbiota on plant performance will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedback and the ways it contributes to plant co\uffe2\uff80\uff90existence.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "Physiology", "Plant Science", "litter decomposition", "plant\u2013soil interactions", "root exudates", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Feedback", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Taverne", "functional traits", "Symbiosis", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "generalist microbiota", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "mycorrhizal fungi", "Rhizosphere", "fungal pathogens", "host-specificity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.18118"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18118"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.18118", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.18118", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.18118"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18309", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-15", "title": "Recent and ancient evolutionary events shaped plant elemental composition of edaphic endemics: a phylogeny\u2010wide analysis of Iberian gypsum plants", "description": "Summary

The analysis of plant elemental composition and the underlying factors affecting its variation are a current hot topic in ecology. Ecological adaptation to atypical soils may shift plant elemental composition. However, no previous studies have evaluated its relevance against other factors such as phylogeny, climate or individual soil conditions.

We evaluated the effect of the phylogeny, environment (climate, soil), and affinity to gypsum soils on the elemental composition of 83 taxa typical of Iberian gypsum ecosystems. We used a new statistical procedure (multiple phylogenetic variance decomposition, MPVD) to decompose total explained variance by different factors across all nodes in the phylogenetic tree of target species (covering 120\uffe2\uff80\uff89million\uffe2\uff80\uff89years of Angiosperm evolution).

Our results highlight the relevance of phylogeny on the elemental composition of plants both at early (with the development of key preadaptive traits) and recent divergence times (diversification of the Iberian gypsum flora concurrent with Iberian gypsum deposit accumulation). Despite the predominant phylogenetic effect, plant adaptation to gypsum soils had a strong impact on the elemental composition of plants, particularly on sulphur concentrations, while climate and soil effects were smaller.

Accordingly, we detected a convergent evolution of gypsum specialists from different lineages on increased sulphur and magnesium foliar concentrations.

Nonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but the extent to which this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services is highly uncertain. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and world\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on: (1) potential for acclimation; (2) response to elevated CO2; (3)\uffc2\uffa0role of the microbiome; and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multimethod laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential.Extreme soils often have mineral nutrient imbalances compared to plant nutritional requirements and co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occur in open areas where grazers thrive. Thus, plants must respond to both constraints, which can affect nutrient concentrations in all plant organs. Gypsum soil provides an excellent model system to study adaptations to extreme soils under current grazing practices as it harbours two groups of plant species that differ in their tolerance to gypsum soils and foliar composition. However, nutrient concentrations in organs other than leaves, and their individual responses to simulated herbivory, are still unknown in gypsum plants. We studied plant biomass, root mass ratio and nutrient partitioning among different organs (leaves, stems, coarse roots, fine roots) in five gypsum endemics and five generalists cultivated in gypsum and calcareous soils and subjected to different levels of simulated browsing. Gypsum endemics tended to have higher elemental concentration in leaves, stems and coarse roots than generalist species in both soil types, whereas both groups tended to show similar high concentrations in fine roots. This behaviour was especially clear with sulphur (S), which is found in excess in gypsum soils, and which endemics accumulated in leaves as sulphate (>50% of S). Moreover, plants subjected to clipping, regardless of their affinity to gypsum, were unable to compensate for biomass losses and showed similar elemental composition to unclipped plants. The accumulation of excess mineral nutrients by endemic species in aboveground organs may be a constitutive nutritional strategy in extreme soils and is potentially playing an anti\uffe2\uff80\uff90herbivore role in grazed gypsum outcrops.

A large fraction of plant litter comprises recalcitrant aromatic compounds (lignin and other phenolics). Quantifying the fate of aromatic compounds is difficult, because oxidative degradation of aromatic carbon (C) is a costly but necessary endeavor for microorganisms, and we do not know when gains from the decomposition of aromatic C outweigh energetic costs.

To evaluate these tradeoffs, we developed a litter decomposition model in which the aromatic C decomposition rate is optimized dynamically to maximize microbial growth for the given costs of maintaining ligninolytic activity. We tested model performance against >\uffe2\uff80\uff89200 litter decomposition datasets collected from published literature and assessed the effects of climate and litter chemistry on litter decomposition.

The model predicted a time\uffe2\uff80\uff90varying ligninolytic oxidation rate, which was used to calculate the lag time before the decomposition of aromatic C is initiated. Warmer conditions increased decomposition rates, shortened the lag time of aromatic C oxidation, and improved microbial C\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency by decreasing the costs of oxidation. Moreover, a higher initial content of aromatic C promoted an earlier start of aromatic C decomposition under any climate.

With this contribution, we highlight the application of eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90evolutionary approaches based on optimized microbial life strategies as an alternative parametrization scheme for litter decomposition models.

Rainfall and biocrusts are important sources of temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneity and niche differentiation for annual plants, a major component of diversity in drylands. Therefore, global change processes comprising shifts in rainfall timing and drought exacerbation, together with biocrust disturbance may affect species coexistence and result in disrupted diversity patterns. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of the rainfall amount and timing as well as physical biocrust disturbance and their interaction on the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of annual plant communities on gypsum soil drylands. All diversity estimates were determined at different times during community development in each experimental unit (\u03b1), as the contribution of each experimental unit to the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b2) and as the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b3). Rainfall timings led to changes in all diversity dimensions, with higher diversity under the typical timing. The community was quite resilient to moderate reductions in rainfall, but extreme droughts decreased the alpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversities. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of biocrust disturbance and extreme drought led to consistent collapses in all diversity dimensions, probably because the effects of water shortage were exacerbated. Observations of the community at different times during its development highlighted the importance of regenerative strategies for niche differentiation and species coexistence, and their strong dependence on global change drivers. Indeed, our experimental study demonstrated that rainfall patterns and biocrusts are key factors related to the maintenance of diversity in semiarid annual plant communities. In particular, our results highlight the key role of biocrusts in modulating the effects of drought on plant diversity and the need for integrative approaches that consider both plants and biocrusts in order to elucidate the influence of climate change on the diversity of drylands.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "annual plants", "regeneration niche", "biocrusts", "drought", "15. Life on land", "diversity loss", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "gypsum soil", "rainfall timing", "13. Climate action", "Mediterranean ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oikos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/oik.08809", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/oik.08809", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/oik.03810", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-18", "title": "N/P imbalance as a key driver for the invasion of oligotrophic dune systems by a woody legume", "description": "

Oligotrophic ecosystems, previously considered to be more resilient to invasive plants, are now recognised to be highly vulnerable to invasions. In these systems, woody legumes show belowground ecosystem engineering characteristics that enable invasion, however, the underlying processes are not well understood. Using a Portuguese primary dune ecosystem as an oligotrophic model system, belowground biomass pools, turnover rates and stoichiometry of a native ( Stauracanthus spectabilis ) and an invasive legume ( Acacia longifolia ) were compared and related to changes in the foliage of the surrounding native ( Corema album ) vegetation.

We hypothesized that the invasive legume requires less phosphorus per unit of biomass produced and exhibits an enhanced nutrient turnover compared to the native vegetation, which could drive invasion by inducing a systemic N/P imbalance.

Compared with the native legumes, A. longifolia plants had larger canopies, higher SOM levels and lower tissue P concentrations. These attributes were strongly related to legume influence as measured by increased foliar N content and less depleted \uffce\uffb4 15 N signatures in the surrounding C. album vegetation. Furthermore, higher root N concentration and increased nutrient turnover in the rhizosphere of the invader were associated with depleted foliar P in C. album .

Our results emphasize that while A. longifolia itself maintains an efficient phosphorus use in biomass production, at the same time it exerts a strong impact on the N/P balance of the native system. Moreover, this study highlights the engineering of a belowground structure of roots and rhizosphere as a crucial driver for invasion, due to its central role in nutrient turnover. These findings provide new evidence that, under nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited conditions, considering co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limitation and nutrient cycling in oligotrophic systems is essential to understand the engineering character of invasive woody legumes. Elevational gradients are useful for predicting how plant communities respond to global warming, because communities at lower elevations experience warmer temperatures. Fine root traits and root trait variation could play an important role in determining plant community responses to warming in cold\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate ecosystems where a large proportion of plant biomass is allocated belowground. Here, we investigated the effects of elevation\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated temperature change on twelve chemical and morphological fine root traits of plant species and plant communities in a Swedish subarctic tundra. We also assessed the relative contributions of plant species turnover and intraspecific variation to the total amount of community\uffe2\uff80\uff90level root trait variation explained by elevation. Several root traits, both at the species and whole community levels, had significant linear or quadratic relationships with elevation, but the direction and strength of these relationships varied among traits and plant species. Further, we found no support for a unidirectional change from more acquisitive root trait values at the lower elevations towards trait values associated with greater nutrient conservation at the higher elevations, either at the species or community level. On the other hand, root trait coefficients of variation at the community level increased with elevation for several root traits. Further, for a large proportion of the community\uffe2\uff80\uff90level traits we found that intraspecific variation was relatively more important than species turnover, meaning that trait plasticity is important for driving community\uffe2\uff80\uff90level trait responses to environmental factors in this tundra system. Our findings indicate that with progressing global warming, intraspecific trait variation may drive plant community composition but this may not necessarily lead to shifts in root resource\uffe2\uff80\uff93acquisition strategy for all species.

", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "Ecology", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/30140/1/spitzer-c-m-et-al-20230123.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.08903"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08903"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oikos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/oik.08903", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/oik.08903", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/oik.08903"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/pce.13638", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-05", "title": "Soil carbon dioxide venting through rice roots", "description": "Abstract

The growth of rice in submerged soils depends on its ability to form continuous gas channels\uffe2\uff80\uff94aerenchyma\uffe2\uff80\uff94through which oxygen (O2) diffuses from the shoots to aerate the roots. Less well understood is the extent to which aerenchyma permits venting of respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2) in the opposite direction. Large, potentially toxic concentrations of dissolved CO2 develop in submerged rice soils. We show using X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography and image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based mathematical modelling that CO2 venting through rice roots is far greater than thought hitherto. We found rates of venting equivalent to a third of the daily CO2 fixation in photosynthesis. Without this venting through the roots, the concentrations of CO2 and associated bicarbonate (HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) in root cells would have been well above levels known to be toxic to roots. Removal of CO2 and hence carbonic acid (H2CO3) from the soil was sufficient to increase the pH in the rhizosphere close to the roots by 0.7 units, which is sufficient to solubilize or immobilize various nutrients and toxicants. A sensitivity analysis of the model showed that such changes are expected for a wide range of plant and soil conditions.Little is known about the sources and age of C respired by tree roots. Previous research in stems identified two functional pools of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90structural carbohydrates (NSC): an \uffe2\uff80\uff9cactive\uffe2\uff80\uff9d pool supplied directly from canopy photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90assimilates supporting metabolism and a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cstored\uffe2\uff80\uff9d pool used when fresh C supplies are limited. We compared the C isotope composition of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble NSC and respired CO2for aspen roots (Populus tremulahybrids) cut off from fresh C supply after stem\uffe2\uff80\uff90girdling or prolonged incubation of excised roots. We used bomb radiocarbon to estimate the time elapsed since C fixation for respired CO2, water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble NSC and structural \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose. While freshly excised roots (mostly <2.9\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm in diameter) respired CO2fixed <1\uffc2\uffa0year previously, the age increased to 1.6\uffe2\uff80\uff932.9\uffc2\uffa0year within a week after root excision. Freshly excised roots from trees girdled ~3\uffc2\uffa0months ago had respiration rates and NSC stocks similar to un\uffe2\uff80\uff90girdled trees but respired older C (~1.2\uffc2\uffa0year). We estimate that over 3\uffc2\uffa0months NSC in girdled roots must be replaced 5\uffe2\uff80\uff937 times by reserves remobilized from root\uffe2\uff80\uff90external sources. Using a mixing model and observed correlations between \uffce\uff9414C of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble C and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose, we estimate ~30% of C is \uffe2\uff80\uff9cactive\uffe2\uff80\uff9d (~5\uffc2\uffa0mg C g\uffe2\uff88\uff921).Spatially averaged models of root\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions are often used to calculate plant water uptake. Using a combination of X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography (CT) and image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modelling, we tested the accuracy of this spatial averaging by directly calculating plant water uptake for young wheat plants in two soil types. The root system was imaged using X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray CT at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12\uffc2\uffa0d after transplanting. The roots were segmented using semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90automated root tracking for speed and reproducibility. The segmented geometries were converted to a mesh suitable for the numerical solution of Richards' equation. Richards' equation was parameterized using existing pore scale studies of soil hydraulic properties in the rhizosphere of wheat plants. Image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modelling allows the spatial distribution of water around the root to be visualized and the fluxes into the root to be calculated. By comparing the results obtained through image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modelling to spatially averaged models, the impact of root architecture and geometry in water uptake was quantified. We observed that the spatially averaged models performed well in comparison to the image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models with <2% difference in uptake. However, the spatial averaging loses important information regarding the spatial distribution of water near the root system.We measured leaf photosynthetic traits in shade\uffe2\uff80\uff90grown seedlings of four tree species native to northern Japan, raised under an elevated CO2 condition, to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 on shade tolerance of deciduous broadleaf tree species with different successional traits. We considered Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Betula maximowicziana as pioneer species, Quercus mongolica var. crispula as a mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional species, and Acer mono as a climax species. The plants were grown under shade conditions (10% of full sunlight) in a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulated phytotron. Light compensation points (LCPs) decreased in all tree species when grown under elevated CO2 (720\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffb7mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921), which were accompanied by higher apparent quantum yields but no photosynthetic down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation. LCPs in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica and A.\uffc2\uffa0mono grown under elevated CO2 were lower than those in the two pioneer birch species. The LCP in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica seedlings was not different from that of A.\uffc2\uffa0mono in each CO2 treatment. However, lower dark respiration rates were observed in A.\uffc2\uffa0mono than in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica, suggesting higher shade tolerance in A.\uffc2\uffa0mono as a climax species in relation to carbon loss at night. Thus, elevated CO2 may have enhanced shade tolerance by lowering LCPs in all species, but the ranking of shade tolerance related to successional traits did not change among species under elevated CO2, i.e. the highest shade tolerance was observed in the climax species (A.\uffc2\uffa0mono), followed by a gap\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent species (Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica), while lower shade tolerance was observed in the pioneer species (B.\uffc2\uffa0platyphylla and B.\uffc2\uffa0maximowicziana).

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "CO2 enrichment", "photosynthesis", "Acclimatization", "Acer", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "650", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Apparent quantum yield", "Trees", "shade tolerance", "Plant Leaves", "Quercus", "Phenotype", "Japan", "Seedlings", "Sunlight", "Photosynthesis", "dark respiration", "Betula"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12400"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/plb.12400", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/plb.12400", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/plb.12400"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ppl.13697", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-08", "title": "Bi-directional, long-distance hormonal signalling between roots and shoots of soil water availability", "description": "Abstract

While the importance of plant water relations in determining crop response to soil water availability is difficult to over\uffe2\uff80\uff90emphasise, under many circumstances, plants maintain their leaf water status as the soil dries yet shoot gas exchange and growth is restricted. Such observations lead to development of a paradigm that root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot signals regulate shoot physiology, and a conceptual framework to test the importance of different signals such as plant hormones in these physiological processes. Nevertheless, shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90root (hormonal) signalling also plays an important role in regulating root growth and function and may dominate when larger quantities of a hormone are produced in the shoots than the roots. Here, we review the evidence for acropetal and basipetal transport of three different plant hormones (abscisic acid, jasmonates, strigolactones) that have antitranspirant effects, to indicate the origin and action of these signalling systems. The physiological importance of each transport pathway likely depends on the specific environmental conditions the plant is exposed to, specifically whether the roots or shoots are the first to lose turgor when exposed to drying soil or elevated atmospheric demand, respectively. All three hormones can interact to influence each other's synthesis, degradation and intracellular signalling to augment or attenuate their physiological impacts, highlighting the complexity of unravelling these signalling systems. Nevertheless, such complexity suggests crop improvement opportunities to select for allelic variation in the genes affecting hormonal regulation, and (in selected crops) to augment root\uffe2\uff80\uff93shoot communication by judicious selection of rootstock\uffe2\uff80\uff93scion combinations to ameliorate abiotic stresses.

", "keywords": ["580", "roots", "Special Issue Articles", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "soil water", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant Growth Regulators", "plant hormones", "Plant Shoots", "shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ppl.13697"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13697"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physiologia%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ppl.13697", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ppl.13697", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ppl.13697"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/rec.12081", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-30", "title": "Restoration Practices Have Positive Effects On Breeding Bird Species Of Concern In The Chihuahuan Desert", "description": "Abstract

Woody plant encroachment into grasslands is a global concern. Efforts to restore grasslands often assume that removal of woody plants benefits biodiversity but assumptions are rarely tested. In the Chihuahuan Desert of the Southwestern United States, we tested whether abundances of grassland specialist bird species would be greater in plant communities resulting from treatment with herbicides to remove encroaching shrubs compared with untreated shrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated areas that represented pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment conditions. In 2010, we surveyed breeding birds and vegetation at 16 treated\uffe2\uff80\uff93untreated pairs. In 2011, we expanded the survey effort to 21 treated\uffe2\uff80\uff93untreated pairs, seven unpaired treatment areas, and five reference grassland areas. Vegetation in treatment areas had higher perennial grass foliar and basal cover and lower shrub foliar cover compared with untreated areas. Several regionally declining grassland specialists exhibited higher occurrence and relative abundance in treated areas. A shrubland specialist, however, was associated with untreated areas and may be negatively impacted by shrub removal. Bird community composition differed between treated and untreated areas in both years. Our results indicate that shrub removal can have positive effects on grassland specialist bird species, but that a mosaic of treated and untreated areas might be most beneficial for regional biodiversity.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12081"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/rec.12081", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/rec.12081", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/rec.12081"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/rec.12102", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-22", "title": "Effects Of Biennial Fire And Clipping On Woody And Herbaceous Ground Layer Vegetation: Implications For Restoration And Management Of Oak Barren Ecosystems", "description": "Abstract

Savannas and oak barrens are threatened in North America, due, in part, to removal of natural disturbance regimes. However, the periodic prescribed fires used in savanna and oak barren management sometimes accelerate the formation of a shrub layer, which can displace herbaceous species. This may be because periodic low severity fires act much like clipping, topkilling shrubs, yet allowing them to accumulate reserves in intervals without fire for more vigorous sprouting. To test this, we compared biennial dormant season burn prescriptions to a fire surrogate (clipping) using three oak barrens sites in the Bluegrass Region of southern Ohio. Fire and clipping treatments did little to suppress the resprouting ability of shrubs (woody stems <2 cm dbh), which regrew rapidly and in equivalent densities following treatment. However, both treatments reduced shrub cover, resulting in a 35% decrease in shrub cover over the course of the study. In contrast, non\uffe2\uff80\uff90manipulated plots experienced a 44% increase in shrub cover over the same time period. Despite this reduction in shrub cover, treatments had no effect on herbaceous plant cover, richness, diversity, or evenness. These results suggest that the use of biennial prescribed dormant season fire, as employed in this study, is equivalent to clipping, and although effective at temporarily reducing shrub cover, is not effective in reducing shrub densities or resprouting potential. Thus, burning during marginal conditions should be avoided for achieving a short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term restoration goal of shrub removal, but can be effective for maintaining the current shrub layer.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sheryl M. Petersen, Paul B. Drewa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12102"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/rec.12102", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/rec.12102", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/rec.12102"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/rec.13562", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-18", "title": "Restoration of a Lake Ontario\u2010connected fen through invasive Typha removal", "description": "

Lake\uffe2\uff80\uff90level regulation that began in 1960 eliminated large fluctuations of Lake Ontario water levels, altering coastal wetland plant communities. More than a half century later, the altered hydroperiod supports dense, monotypic stands of invasive cattail (Typha angustifolia and Typha\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97 glauca), which have diminished overall plant community diversity. As a result, Lake Ontario coastal wetlands are less capable of providing many of their traditional ecological functions. One such wetland is Buttonwood Fen, a floating, lake\uffe2\uff80\uff90connected peatland on Lake Ontario's southern shore near Rochester, NY. We implemented cattail\uffe2\uff80\uff90control measures from 2016 to 2018 with the goal of decreasing live and dead cattail biomass and increasing cover of native fen taxa. Site manipulation included removal of dead cattail biomass, cutting new cattail growth when rhizome carbohydrate reserves were at their lowest, and hand\uffe2\uff80\uff90wicking regrowth with herbicide in early fall. Results showed a decrease in live cattail stem density and cover and dead biomass cover, as well as an increase in cover of fen taxa. Although not a replicated study, our results suggest that removing dead cattail biomass and targeted treatment of live cattail stems via cutting and hand\uffe2\uff80\uff90wicking with glyphosate can reduce cattail and improve site quality.Climate warming reduces biodiversity in simpler environments but enhances it in complex environments.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nematoda", "Climate", "Biodiversity", "Environment", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "DNA Barcoding", " Taxonomic", "Biomass", "14. Life underwater", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700866"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700866", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700866", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700866"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-29", "title": "Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity", "description": "

How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.

", "keywords": ["Supplementary Data", "biodiversity", " fungi", " ecology", "QH301 Biology", "Diversity (politics)", "Plant Science", "Biodiversity conservation", "Fungal Diversity", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Life", "Sociology", "WATER", "Global biodiversity distribution", "Fungal diversity", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Multidisciplinary", "Earth", " Environmental", " Ecological", " and Space Sciences", "Geography", "Ecology", "soil fungal diversity", "4. Education", "SPECIES RICHNESS", "Life Sciences", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_sm.pdf", "Biodiversity", "FOS: Sociology", "global biodiversity distribution", "sienet", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_tables_s1_to_s13.zip", "Diversity and Evolution of Fungal Pathogens", "570", "Supplementary Information", "DNA markers", "QH301", "Sequencing high-resolution DNA", "Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "monimuotoisuus", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Life Science", "Humans", "14. Life underwater", "General", "Global ecological processes", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "global ecological processes", "Soil fungal diversity", "microbiology", "Fungi", "Water", "Cell Biology", "15. Life on land", "luonnon monimuotoisuus", "Agronomy", "biodiversiteetti", "LIFE", "ekosysteemit (ekologia)", "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis", "13. Climate action", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Anthropology", "ta1181", "biodiversity conservation", "Species richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.1075312", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-05", "title": "Grassland Responses To Global Environmental Changes Suppressed By Elevated Co2", "description": "

Simulated global changes, including warming, increased precipitation, and nitrogen deposition, alone and in concert, increased net primary production (NPP) in the third year of ecosystem-scale manipulations in a California annual grassland. Elevated carbon dioxide also increased NPP, but only as a single-factor treatment. Across all multifactor manipulations, elevated carbon dioxide suppressed root allocation, decreasing the positive effects of increased temperature, precipitation, and nitrogen deposition on NPP. The NPP responses to interacting global changes differed greatly from simple combinations of single-factor responses. These findings indicate the importance of a multifactor experimental approach to understanding ecosystem responses to global change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Atmosphere", "Climate", "Temperature", "Carbon Dioxide", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "California", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "Weather", "Ecosystem", "Geraniaceae"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christopher B. Field, Erika S. Zavaleta, Erika S. Zavaleta, Nona R. Chiariello, Harold A. Mooney, Elsa E. Cleland, Elsa E. Cleland, M. Rebecca Shaw,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1075312"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1075312", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1075312", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1075312"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.1082709", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-05-08", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Wildfire On Ecosystem Properties Across An Island Area Gradient", "description": "

Boreal forest soils play an important role in the global carbon cycle by functioning as a large terrestrial carbon sink or source, and the alteration of fire regime through global change phenomena may influence this role. We studied a system of forested lake islands in the boreal zone of Sweden for which fire frequency increases with increasing island size. Large islands supported higher plant productivity and litter decomposition rates than did smaller ones, and, with increasing time since fire, litter decomposition rates were suppressed sooner than was ecosystem productivity. This contributes to greater carbon storage with increasing time since fire; for every century without a major fire, an additional 0.5 kilograms per square meter of carbon becomes stored in the humus.

", "keywords": ["Sweden", "0106 biological sciences", "Geography", "Light", "Plant Development", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Fires", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1082709"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1082709", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1082709", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1082709"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-05-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.1155359", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-12", "title": "Predictive Models Of Forest Dynamics", "description": "

Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) have shown that forest dynamics could dramatically alter the response of the global climate system to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide over the next century. But there is little agreement between different DGVMs, making forest dynamics one of the greatest sources of uncertainty in predicting future climate. DGVM predictions could be strengthened by integrating the ecological realities of biodiversity and height-structured competition for light, facilitated by recent advances in the mathematics of forest modeling, ecological understanding of diverse forest communities, and the availability of forest inventory data.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Light", "Nonlinear Dynamics", "13. Climate action", "Climate", "Biodiversity", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "Mathematics", "Forecasting", "Trees"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Drew W. Purves, Stephen W. Pacala,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155359"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1155359", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1155359", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1155359"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2020/0602", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-04", "title": "Bryophyte diversity in the gypsum outcrops of Sicily (Italy)", "description": "Abstract: A study on the bryophyte diversity of 12 Sicilian gypsum outcrops, falling in 4 Nature Reserves and 5 Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), is presented in order to increase knowledge about this peculiar flora for which conservation efforts need to be addressed. The bryoflora consists of a total of 85 taxa, 8 liverworts and 77 mosses, most of them belonging to the Pottiaceae family and characterized by xero-morphological adaptations. The bio-ecological analysis has emphasized the prevalence of xerophytic and basiphytic species with life form turf and life strategy colonist. Regarding the gypsicolous character, only one species, Tortula revolvens, behaves as a strict gypso- phyte, and a small group of species (Aloina spp., Crossidium spp.) as wide gypsophytes. The bryo- floras of the sites show a quite high diversity level in species composition and include some rare and interesting taxa for Italy, e.g. Acaulon triquetrum, Aloina brevirostris, Syntrichia handelii, Tortula brevissima, Tortula revolvens, Tortula solmsii, Petalophyllum ralfsii. This study, which im- proves the information on the gypsum flora, represents a contribution to the knowledge of a habitat which is today considered a priority for conservation", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "bryophytes", "Bryophytes", "conservation", "Conservation", "Gypsum", "15. Life on land", "Sicily", "01 natural sciences", "gypsum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2020/0602"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nova%20Hedwigia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2020/0602", "name": "item", "description": "10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2020/0602", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2020/0602"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-06", "title": "Soil Type Is The Primary Determinant Of The Composition Of The Total And Active Bacterial Communities In Arable Soils", "description": "ABSTRACT

Degradation of agricultural land and the resulting loss of soil biodiversity and productivity are of great concern. Land-use management practices can be used to ameliorate such degradation. The soil bacterial communities at three separate arable farms in eastern England, with different farm management practices, were investigated by using a polyphasic approach combining traditional soil analyses, physiological analysis, and nucleic acid profiling. Organic farming did not necessarily result in elevated organic matter levels; instead, a strong association with increased nitrate availability was apparent. Ordination of the physiological (BIOLOG) data separated the soil bacterial communities into two clusters, determined by soil type. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of 16S ribosomal DNA identified three bacterial communities largely on the basis of soil type but with discrimination for pea cropping. Five fields from geographically distinct soils, with different cropping regimens, produced highly similar profiles. The active communities (16S rRNA) were further discriminated by farm location and, to some degree, by land-use practices. The results of this investigation indicated that soil type was the key factor determining bacterial community composition in these arable soils. Leguminous crops on particular soil types had a positive effect upon organic matter levels and resulted in small changes in the active bacterial population. The active population was therefore more indicative of short-term management changes.

", "keywords": ["Polymerase Chain Reaction", "geography", "630", "1000 Technology", "Soil", "soil type", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "C500 - Microbiology", "genetic polymorphism", "soil analysis", "Bacteria (microorganisms)", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "article", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "Biodiversity", "legume", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Bacterial Typing Techniques", "microbial community", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "0605 Microbiology", "Electrophoresis", "16S", "570", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "productivity", "RNA 16S", "soil microorganism", "0600 Biological Sciences", "DNA", " Ribosomal", "0700 Agricultural And Veterinary Sciences", "controlled study", "community composition", "Polymorphism", "Pisum sativum", "Ecosystem", "Ribosomal", "nonhuman", "Bacteria", "bacterial flora", "land use", "DNA", "15. Life on land", "bacterial disease", "Restriction Fragment Length", "C180 - Ecology", "physiology", "RNA", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "bioavailability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1134/s1062359008010111", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-06", "title": "Soil Functioning In Foci Of Siberian Moth Population Outbreaks In The Southern Taiga Subzone Of Central Siberia", "description": "The results of experimental studies on the contribution of zoogenic debris to transformation of soil properties in the southern taiga subzone of Central Siberia are analyzed. They show that water-soluble carbon outflow from the forest litter increases by 21\u201326% upon a Siberian moth invasion, with this value decreasing to 14% one year later. The burning of forest in an area completely defoliated by the pest leads to changes in the stock, fractional composition, actual acidity, and ash element contents of the litter. The litter-dwelling invertebrate assemblage is almost completely destroyed by fire and begins to recover only after two years.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yu. N. Krasnoshchekov, I. N. Bezkorovainaya,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359008010111"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20Bulletin", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1134/s1062359008010111", "name": "item", "description": "10.1134/s1062359008010111", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1134/s1062359008010111"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/as-2021-0058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-05", "title": "Monitoring litter and microplastics in Arctic mammals and bird", "description": "

Plastic pollution has been reported to affect Arctic mammals and birds. There are strengths and limitations to monitoring litter and microplastics using Arctic mammals and birds. One strength is the direct use of these data to understand the potential impacts on Arctic biodiversity as well as effects on human health, if selected species are consumed. Monitoring programs must be practically designed with all purposes in mind, and a spectrum of approaches and species will be required. Spatial and temporal trends of plastic pollution can be built on the information obtained from studies on northern fulmars ( Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761)), a species that is an environmental indicator. To increase our understanding of the potential implications for human health, the species and locations chosen for monitoring should be selected based on the priorities of local communities. Monitoring programs under development should examine species for population level impacts in Arctic mammals and birds. Mammals and birds can be useful in source and surveillance monitoring via locally designed monitoring programs. We recommend future programs consider a range of monitoring objectives with mammals and birds as part of the suite of tools for monitoring litter and microplastics, plastic chemical additives, and effects, and for understanding sources.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "marine litter", "d\u00e9chet marin", ":Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP]", "VDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480", "590", "Forurensing", "Environmental engineering", "Environmental pollutants in the Arctic", "01 natural sciences", "contamination", "plastic", "GE1-350", "14. Life underwater", "wild food", ":Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP]", "Microplastic", "TA170-171", "15. Life on land", "Mikroplast", "Pollution", "3. Good health", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "VDP::Zoology and botany: 480", "Milj\u00f8gifter i Arktis", "debris"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/as-2021-0058"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arctic%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/as-2021-0058", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/as-2021-0058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/as-2021-0058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/as-2022-0004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-04", "title": "Status and future recommendations for recording and monitoring litter on the Arctic seafloor", "description": "

Few studies have been published on the occurrence and distribution of microplastics (MPs) in invertebrates from the Arctic. We still need to develop harmonized methods to enable good comparison between studies taking into account recovery rates, size ranges, shapes, and polymer types. Here, we review studies on MPs in invertebrates from the Arctic and present suggestions on sampling protocols and potential indicator species. Since information on MPs in Arctic invertebrates is vastly lacking, we recommend to at least include suspension feeding bivalves like mussels in monitoring programmes to function as indicator species in the Arctic. Mussels have also been suggested as indicator species for MP monitoring in coastal regions further south. Although we recognize the challenge with particle selection and egestion in mussels as well as the relatively low concentrations of MPs in Arctic waters, uptake levels seem to represent recent exposures. More research is needed to understand these selection processes and how they affect the bioaccumulation processes. Future research should include studies on whether different functional groups of invertebrates have different exposures to MPs, e.g., if there are differences between sessile versus motile species or different feeding strategies. More knowledge on monitoring strategies for pelagic and benthic species is needed.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "microplastics", "Arctique", "590", "Environmental engineering", "TA170-171", "invertebrates", "occurrence", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "monitoring", "Arctic", "plastic", "biomonitoring", "GE1-350", "14. Life underwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/as-2022-0004"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arctic%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/as-2022-0004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/as-2022-0004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/as-2022-0004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/as-2022-0011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-07", "title": "Future monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic", "description": "

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme has published a plan and guidelines for the monitoring of litter and microplastics (MP) in the Arctic. Here, we look beyond suggestions for immediate monitoring and discuss challenges, opportunities, and future strategies in the long-term monitoring of litter and MP in the Arctic. Challenges are related to environmental conditions, lack of harmonization and standardization of measurements, and long-term coordinated and harmonized data storage. Furthermore, major knowledge gaps exist with regard to benchmark levels, transport, sources, and effects, which should be considered in future monitoring strategies. Their development could build on the existing infrastructure and networks established in other monitoring initiatives in the Arctic, while taking into account specific requirements for litter and MP monitoring. Knowledge existing in northern and Indigenous communities, as well as their research priorities, should be integrated into collaborative approaches. The monitoring plan for litter and MP in the Arctic allows for an ecosystem-based approach, which will improve the understanding of linkages between environmental media of the Arctic, as well as links to the global problem of litter and MP pollution.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "sources", "Environmental engineering", "Assessment", "Plastic", ":Building and regulation planning: 234 [VDP]", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "01 natural sciences", "Indigenous communities", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "03 medical and health sciences", "VDP::Building and regulation planning: 234", "11. Sustainability", "pollution", "GE1-350", "14. Life underwater", "effects", "ecosystem", ":Bebyggelses- og reguleringsplanlegging: 234 [VDP]", "Microplastic", "TA170-171", "15. Life on land", "Pollution", "Microplast", "Environmental sciences", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "Debris", "transport pathways", "VDP::Bebyggelses- og reguleringsplanlegging: 234"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/536965/2/provencher-et-al-2022-future-monitoring-of-litter-and-microplastics-in-the-arctic-challenges-opportunities-and.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/420057/1/prod_477586-doc_195419.pdf"}, {"href": "https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/as-2022-0011"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arctic%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/as-2022-0011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/as-2022-0011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/as-2022-0011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/b04-017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-26", "title": "Light, Not Nitrogen, Limits Growth Of The Grass Deschampsia Flexuosa In Boreal Forests", "description": "

Increased nitrogen (N) input in boreal forests has previously been shown to induce a shift from Vaccinium myrtillus L. to Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. as the dominant understory species. We investigated the relative importance of increased light and N for this shift, in a field experiment. We increased light availability, that is, we reduced aboveground competition from V. myrtillus, and increased N by adding 50 kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha–1. Increased light availability had a positive effect on both the growth rate and final biomass of D. flexuosa. Although N addition increased the uptake of fertilizer N by both species, it had no effect on the growth or biomass of either species. Thus, aboveground competition from V. myrtillus prevented expansion of D. flexuosa, regardless of N treatment. The results suggest that aboveground competition may be more important than belowground competition for structuring understory boreal forest communities. As light availability is important, both the structure and total amount of standing crop will be important for the outcome of species interactions.Key words: aboveground competition, belowground competition, fertilization, natural enemies, nitrogen deposition, vegetation change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Torgny N\u00e4sholm, Joachim Strengbom, Lars Ericson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/b04-017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/b04-017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/b04-017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/b04-017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/b06-009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-06", "title": "Impacts Of Lythrum Salicaria Invasion On Plant Community And Soil Properties In Two Wetlands In Central New York, Usa", "description": "

While the spread of the exotic Lythrum salicaria L.\uffc2\uffa0across wetlands in North America is thought to negatively affect the performance and diversity of native species, the actual impacts of L.\uffc2\uffa0salicaria invasion on community dynamics and ecosystem properties are not well understood. To determine whether L.\uffc2\uffa0salicaria affects community aboveground biomass, native species biomass, or soil properties, we studied two common situations in central New York State where L.\uffc2\uffa0salicaria invaded (i) an abandoned agricultural field and (ii) a relatively pristine wetland with low species diversity. In the agricultural site, nearly monospecific stands of L.\uffc2\uffa0salicaria and Phalaris arundinacea L.\uffc2\uffa0had nearly identical shoot mass (approx. 850\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff80\uff932) but divergent soil characteristics. Inorganic nitrogen was significantly higher under L.\uffc2\uffa0salicaria than under P.\uffc2\uffa0arundinacea. The low-diversity site is dominated by Carex lacustris Willd., with distinct areas codominated by either L.\uffc2\uffa0salicaria or Typha latifolia L.\uffc2\uffa0In this site, we found that areas with a codominant species had significantly more total aboveground biomass than those dominated by C.\uffc2\uffa0lacustris, suggesting that L.\uffc2\uffa0salicaria invasion does not significantly lower native species biomass. However, most soil nutrient levels did not differ among vegetation zones, indicating that species composition changes did not alter soil properties in the short term. This study supports a growing literature suggesting that L.\uffc2\uffa0salicaria invasion may not negatively impact relatively pristine wetlands as previously believed.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Joseph B. Yavitt, Kurt A. Smemo, Wendy M. MahaneyW.M. Mahaney,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/b06-009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/b06-009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/b06-009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/b06-009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/b00-159", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-23", "title": "Land Cover Change In Eastern Kansas: Litter Dynamics Of Closed-Canopy Eastern Redcedar Forests In Tallgrass Prairie", "description": "

In the Great Plains region, eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) abundance has increased dramatically in areas historically occupied by tallgrass prairie. This shift in dominant vegetation is likely to be accompanied by changes in ecosystem structure and function, including quantity, quality, and location (above- vs. below-ground) of litter inputs and subsequent effects on decomposition dynamics. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare patterns of litterfall and decomposition in mature redcedar forests and adjacent prairie. Annual redcedar litterfall was 500 g\uffc2\uffb7m-2\uffc2\uffb7year-1, a large increase in foliar litter inputs compared with annually burned grassland (52 g\uffc2\uffb7m-2\uffc2\uffb7year-1). Using a reciprocal transplant decomposition study with four substrates, redcedar leaves and roots, and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) foliage and roots, we found marginal habitat effects, but greater differences between species, presumably owing to litter quality (including both C:N and lignin content). Decay rates were significantly higher in the prairie relative to the forest for each substrate. Additionally, within any particular habitat, grass litter had significantly faster decay rates than forest litter. These results suggest a shift in patterns of litter input and decomposition processes with afforestation of tallgrass prairie, which may result in long-term changes in C sequestration and storage.Key words: litter dynamics, eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), decomposition, tallgrass prairie, nitrogen immobilization.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/b00-159"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/b00-159", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/b00-159", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/b00-159"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x04-063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-08", "title": "Loss And Recovery Of Ecosystem Carbon Pools Following Stand-Replacing Wildfire In Michigan Jack Pine Forests", "description": "

We used a 72-year chronosequence to study the loss and recovery of ecosystem C pools following stand-replacing wildfire in Michigan, USA, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests. We quantified the amount of C stored in aboveground plant biomass, standing dead timber, downed dead wood, surface organic soil, and mineral soil in 11 jack pine stands that had burned between 1 and 72 years previously. Total ecosystem C ranged from a low of 59 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1 in the 4-year-old stand to 110 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1 in the 72-year-old stand. Changes in total ecosystem C across the chronosequence conformed to theoretical predictions, in which C stocks declined initially as decomposition of dead wood and forest-floor C exceeded production by regenerating vegetation, and then increased asymptotically with the development of a new stand of jack pine. This pattern was well described by the following 'gamma' function: total ecosystem C (Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha–1) = 112.2 – 39.6 \uffc3\uff97 age0.351 \uffc3\uff97 exp(–0.053 \uffc3\uff97 age01.039); mean-corrected R2 = 0.976. Using the first derivative of this parameterized gamma function, we estimated that jack pine stands function as a weak source of C to the atmosphere for only ca. 6 years following wildfire, and reach a maximum net ecosystem productivity of 1.6 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha–1\uffc2\uffb7year–1 by year 16. We attribute the rapid transition from carbon source to carbon sink in these ecosystems to two factors: (i) stand-replacing wildfires in these xeric forests leave behind little respirable substrate in surface organic horizons, and (ii) jack pine is able to rapidly reestablish following wildfires via serotinous cones. Jack pine stands remained net sinks for C across the chronosequence; however, net ecosystem productivity had declined to 0.12 C ha–1\uffc2\uffb7year–1 by year 72. Carbon sequestration by mature jack pine ecosystems was driven primarily by continued growth of overstory jack pine, not by accumulation of detrital C.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x04-063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x04-063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x04-063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/b04-088", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-20", "title": "Influence Of Shrub Encroachment On Aboveground Net Primary Productivity And Carbon And Nitrogen Pools In A Mesic Grassland", "description": "

The clonal shrub Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. is rapidly increasing in cover and displacing mesic grassland species in the central USA as a consequence of fire suppression. We assessed the impact of C. drummondii on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and C fluxes in a tallgrass prairie in eastern Kansas, USA, through a comparison of both burned and unburned C. drummondii islands with open grassland areas. Allometric equations relating C. drum mondii foliage and wood biomass to basal stem diameter were developed to estimate aboveground biomass and net primary productivity (ANPP) of C. drummondii. Within C. drummondii islands, ANPP was 496 \uffc2\uffb1 45 g C\uffc2\uffb7m–2\uffc2\uffb7year–1, nearly three times that within open grassland (167 \uffc2\uffb1 13 g C\uffc2\uffb7m–2\uffc2\uffb7year–1). As a result of greater aboveground biomass, aboveground C and N storage within shrub islands (3270 \uffc2\uffb1 466 g C\uffc2\uffb7m–2, 37.9 \uffc2\uffb1 5.3 g N\uffc2\uffb7m–2) was substantially greater than that within open grassland (241 \uffc2\uffb1 33 g C\uffc2\uffb7m–2, 6.1 \uffc2\uffb1 0.8 g N\uffc2\uffb7m–2). No change in soil organic C or total N to 10-cm depth was evident; however, soil CO2flux was significantly reduced in C. drummondii islands relative to the open grassland. The storage of C in aboveground biomass of C. drummondii represents a significant short-term increase in C storage relative to open grassland. However, potential alterations in belowground processes must be quantified before the long-term net effect of shrub encroachment on C and N pools within this mesic grassland can be determined.Key words: aboveground biomass, Cornus drummondii, net primary productivity, shrub encroachment, tallgrass prairie.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/b04-088"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/b04-088", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/b04-088", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/b04-088"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/b74-014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-15", "title": "Nutrient Limitations To Plant Production In Two Tundra Communities", "description": "

Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition were investigated as limiting factors to primary production in a lowland wet sedge meadow and an upland birch\uffe2\uff80\uff93willow\uffe2\uff80\uff93heath community.Response to nitrogen fertilization in both communities, including increased protein content and dry weight production, indicates that nitrogen supply limits production in both soils. In the upland community, phosphorus supply does not limit production, but in the lowland sedge meadow, dilution of the soil solution may decrease phosphorus availability and render this element limiting to production.Nitrogen, if available, can be taken up and metabolized into organic compounds despite low soil temperatures. Phosphorus metabolism may be directly limited by low soil temperatures and low available nitrogen levels.Low soil temperature exerts an indirect limitation on plant production through limitation of organic matter decomposition and microbial nitrification, thus limiting the rate of nitrogen cycling.The importance of a low nutrient regime in the Arctic may be seen in the widespread occurrence of xeromorphic characters in many taxa, which thus require minimal mineral nutrition to best use their photosynthetic capacity. The low nutrient regime may partially explain the high proportion of perennial plants in the Arctic, since these species can accumulate a nutrient pool over time from a deficient environment.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richard W. Haag", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/b74-014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/b74-014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/b74-014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/b74-014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1974-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/b05-129", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-04", "title": "Biomass And Nutrient Responses Of A Clonal Tundra Sedge To Climate Warming", "description": "

We explored how climate change affects biomass, nutrient status, and late-season resource-allocation patterns in a rhizomatous tundra sedge, and how differentiation and development of ramets may constrain plant responses. We simulated climate warming for 5\uffc2\uffa0years at a subarctic\uffe2\uff80\uff93alpine tundra site by using open-top chambers before destructively sampling clonal fragments of the dominant and widespread sedge, Carex bigelowii Torr. ex Schwein. We found differential growth response among ramets to experimental warming, but reduced aboveground tissue nutrient concentrations across entire clonal systems. Warming did not affect biomass allocation within ramets, but it did change biomass allocation among developmental stages and ramet types (i.e., long- and short-rhizome ramets, termed guerrilla and phalanx). A positive warming effect on biomass was mostly confined to mature vegetative ramets and the response of individual plant parts was significantly greater for guerrilla ramets than for phalanx ramets. Despite the differential biomass response, warming significantly reduced nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in aboveground tissues across all developmental stages within the integrated clonal system (10% decrease in green leaf nitrogen concentration, 18%\uffe2\uff80\uff9325% decrease in phosphorus concentration). However, late-season nutrient concentrations in storage organs (rhizomes) were not affected. Nutrient pools significantly increased in mature vegetative ramets, especially those of the guerrilla type, apparently as a result of both redistribution of nutrients among ramets and increased nutrient uptake. At the community level, estimated aboveground biomass per unit area was similar in warmed and control plots. Rhizome and dead-leaf mass and all nutrient pools per unit area were 10%\uffe2\uff80\uff9320% less in warmed plots than in controls. The ecosystem implications of the responses of C.\uffc2\uffa0bigelowii, a forage species favoured by a range of herbivores, to warming are a reduction in forage quality without compensation in terms of quantity and, eventually, a reduction in litter quality.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/b05-129"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/b05-129", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/b05-129", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/b05-129"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/b06-039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-08", "title": "Integrated Long-Term Responses Of An Arctic\u2013Alpine Willow And Associated Ectomycorrhizal Fungi To An Altered Environment", "description": "

We evaluated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization and morphotype community composition together with growth response and biomass distribution in the arctic\uffe2\uff80\uff93alpine, prostrate willow Salix herbacea L. \uffc3\uff97 Salix polaris Wahlenb. after 11 seasons of shading, warming, and fertilization at a fellfield in subarctic Sweden. The aim was to assess responses of the integrated plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93fungal system to long-term field experiments simulating expected environmental changes. Warming more than doubled aboveground S.\uffc2\uffa0herbacea \uffc3\uff97 S. polaris biomass and shoot growth, whereas shading and nutrient addition had less influence on these variables. In shaded plants, adjustments at leaf level probably buffered major changes in plant biomass allocation. Fertilization increased the root mass fraction and changed root system morphology by decreasing the number of root tips per unit root mass. While no long-term changes in total ECM colonization (%ECM root tips) in response to the treatments were identified, ECM colonization in June just after snowmelt was positively correlated with root density. Changes in densities of potential host plants may therefore be of great importance for ECM colonization intensity in this ecosystem type. The ECM morphotype community changed through the season, and frequencies of some ECM morphotypes ( Cortinarius saturninus and Clavulina spp.) changed more with season than with the treatments. Warming only slightly affected ECM morphotype frequencies, which implies a balanced increase in root tip numbers of most ECM morphotypes in warmed plants. Fertilization changed ECM morphotype community composition mainly because of a decrease in Cenococcum geophilum frequency and an increase in Tomentella stuposa frequency. We hypothesize that a shift from drought stress-tolerant fungi towards a dominance of minerogenic fungi may take place if nutrient availability increases substantially because of anthropogenic disturbances.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/b06-039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/b06-039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/b06-039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/b06-039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/cjb-76-7-1188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-23", "title": "Effect Of Different Treatments On The Seed Bank Of Grazed And Ungrazed Baltic Seashore Meadows", "description": "

Seed banks of two seashore meadows were studied on the west coast of Finland (latitude 61\uffc2\uffb030'-61\uffc2\uffb033'N, longitude 21\uffc2\uffb028'-21\uffc2\uffb041'E). Samples were taken in June to a depth of 10 cm in the geolittoral zone of the grazed and ungrazed transects. The grazed samples were halved lengthwise: one half was grown immediately, the other after cold treatment. One third of the all samples was treated as controls, one third was watered with brackish water, and one third was given a pesticide treatment. Altogether, 13 926 seedlings germinated and 25 species were identified (three annuals, two biennials, and the rest perennials). Most seedlings were perennial monocots, with Juncus gerardii Loisel. the most abundant species. The seed bank was significantly larger and richer in the ungrazed site than in the grazed site. Cold treatment reduced the number of germinating species and seedlings. In the grazed and non-cold-treated samples, the numbers of species and seedlings were highest in the pesticide treatment. In ungrazed samples there were no significant differences among treatments. After the cold treatment, the least number of species and seedlings was produced by the salt-water treatment. Changing brackish water to tap water led to a burst of germination, especially of J. gerardii. The seed bank of the upper geolittoral zone was richer than that of the middle geolittoral. The multivariate classification and ordination groupings are based on the abundances of J. gerardii and Glaux maritima L.; different treatments were not distinguishable. There was a low resemblance between the seed bank and the aboveground vegetation.Key words: seed bank, salinity, pesticide, seashore meadow, cold treatment, vegetation.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Heli M. Jutila b. Erkkil\u00e4", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-76-7-1188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/cjb-76-7-1188", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/cjb-76-7-1188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/cjb-76-7-1188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/cjfr-2014-0148", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-13", "title": "Decadal Soil And Stand Response To Fire, Harvest, And Salvage-Logging Disturbances In The Western Boreal Mixedwood Forest Of Alberta, Canada1", "description": "

Empirical knowledge of long-term ecosystem response to single and compound disturbances is essential for predicting disturbance effects and identifying management practices to maintain productive capacity of managed and restored landscapes. We report on soil, foliar nutrition, and regeneration growth response to wildfire, clearcut harvesting, and postfire salvage logging, as well as undisturbed control stands within the first year following disturbance and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9311 years after disturbance in trembling aspen \uffe2\uff80\uff93 white spruce mixedwood forests near Lesser Slave Lake, north-central Alberta, Canada. The compound disturbance of salvage logging resulted in greater long-term impacts on forest floor properties than either wildfire or harvesting alone. Changes in forest floor properties such as carbon and nitrogen pools and cation exchange capacity under salvage logging have persisted for 10 years and exhibit a different recovery trajectory than fire or harvesting. Forest floor properties under harvesting, including depth, carbon content, pH, extractable ammonium, and extractable sulphur, were not different from the control condition 10 years after harvest. Effects on soil and foliar nutrition were not reflected in productivity (height and diameter) of regenerating vegetation. Our results show differences between short- and long-term responses to disturbance, among single natural and anthropogenic disturbances, and among single and compound disturbances.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0148"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/cjfr-2014-0148", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/cjfr-2014-0148", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0148"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/cjfr-2013-0359", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-09", "title": "Black Spruce Growth Response To Varying Levels Of Biomass Harvest Intensity Across A Range Of Soil Types: 15-Year Results", "description": "

With a growing interest in the diversification (e.g., bioenergy, biochemicals) of the forest industry beyond the traditional product streams, concerns that higher harvest utilization levels may compromise site productivity have been heightened. This study reports on 15-year tree growth responses to varying levels of biomass removals conducted on four soil types: loamy tills, outwash sands, wet mineral, and peatlands. Experimental harvest treatments included stem-only, full-tree, full-tree chipping (a full-tree harvest with the roadside material chipped and returned to the site), and full-tree + bladed (a full-tree harvest followed by forest floor removal). Results indicated no significant effect on height growth on the loamy tills, a significant decline for the blading treatment on the sandy soils, and an increase when the blading treatment was applied to the peatland sites. At the stand level, better planted seedling survival and higher recruitment of naturals on the more extreme removal treatment (forest floor removal on sandy sites) tended to nullify any negative impacts identified in the individual-tree growth measurements. The more than doubling of the slash loading on the stem-only treatment plots compared with the full-tree plots did not result in differences in tree productivity levels between these two operational treatments. The stands, however, were just approaching crown closure by year 15, suggesting that ongoing monitoring will be required to confirm that the growth trajectories for the various harvest treatment \uffe2\uff80\uff93 soil type combinations can be maintained.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dave M. Morris, Martin M. Kwiaton, Dan R. Duckert,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0359"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/cjfr-2013-0359", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/cjfr-2013-0359", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0359"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/cjfr-2019-0366", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-11", "title": "How random are predictions of forest growth? The importance of weather variability", "description": "

Quantifying the output uncertainty and tracking down its origins is key to interpreting the results of modelling studies. We performed such an uncertainty analysis on the predictions of forest growth and yield under climate change. We specifically focused on the effect of the interannual climate variability. For that, the climate years in the model input (daily resolution) were randomly shuffled within each 5-year period. In total, 540 simulations (10 parameter sets, nine climate shuffles, three global climate models, and two mitigation scenarios) were made for one growing cycle (80 years) of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest growing in Peitz, Germany. Our results show that, besides the important effect of the parameter set, the random order of climate years can significantly change results such as basal area and produced volume, as well as the response of these to climate change. We stress that the effect of weather variability should be included in the design of impact model ensembles and in the accompanying uncertainty analysis. We further suggest presenting model results as likelihoods to allow risk assessment. For example, in our study, the likelihood of a decrease in basal area of >10% with no mitigation was 20.4%, whereas the likelihood of an increase >10% was 34.4%.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "13. Climate action", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "Biology", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gaby Deckmyn, Olga Vindu\u0161kov\u00e1, Joanna Horemans, Joanna Horemans,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0366"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0366"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/cjfr-2019-0366", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/cjfr-2019-0366", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0366"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/f10-070", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-03", "title": "Selenium incorporation in fish otoliths: effects of selenium and mercury from the water", "description": "

To study fish migration using otolith microchemistry, it is important to understand the relationship between elements in the otoliths and in the surrounding water, including potential interactions with other elements. Selenium (Se) is a trace element with strong affinity for mercury (Hg). To test if Se is a reliable tracer for fish migration, the effects of dissolved Se and Hg concentrations on Se incorporation in fish otoliths were investigated experimentally. Brown bullheads ( Ameiurus nebulosus ) were reared in waters spiked with various concentrations of inorganic Se and Hg. Otolith Se:Ca increased nonlinearly with dissolved Se concentrations as there was no significant difference between fish reared in low and medium [Se] waters (Se:Ca for low [Se] waters, 7.64\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97 10\uffe2\uff88\uff926; medium, 6.59\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97 10\uffe2\uff88\uff926; high, 1.24\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97 10\uffe2\uff88\uff925). Our study also provided the first evidence of a negative effect of Hg on Se incorporation into otoliths (p = 0.01), a phenomenon most evident in high [Se] waters. Because of the influence of Hg, caution should be taken when inferring fish migration based on Se. We studied temporal and spatial patterns of soil nitrogen (N) dynamics from 1993 to 1995 in three watersheds of Fernow Experimental Forest, W.V.: WS7 (24-year-old, untreated); WS4 (mature, untreated); and WS3 (24-year-old, treated with (NH4)2SO4 since 1989 at the rate of 35 kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha–1\uffc2\uffb7year–1). Net nitrification was 141, 114, and 115 kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha–1\uffc2\uffb7year–1, for WS3, WS4, and WS7, respectively, essentially 100% of net N mineralization for all watersheds. Temporal (seasonal) patterns of nitrification were significantly related to soil moisture and ambient temperature in untreated watersheds only. Spatial patterns of soil water NO3– of WS4 suggest that microenvironmental variability limits rates of N processing in some areas of this N-saturated watershed, in part by ericaceous species in the herbaceous layer. Spatial patterns of soil water NO3– in treated WS3 suggest that later stages of N saturation may result in higher concentrations with less spatial variability. Spatial variability in soil N variables was lower in treated WS3 versus untreated watersheds. Nitrogen additions have altered the response of N-processing microbes to environmental factors, becoming less sensitive to seasonal changes in soil moisture and temperature. Biotic processes responsible for regulating N dynamics may be compromised in N-saturated forest ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-106"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x01-106", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x01-106", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x01-106"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x02-014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-01", "title": "Forest Harvesting Impacts On Soil Properties And Vegetation Communities In The Northwest Territories", "description": "

Management of boreal mixedwood forests in Canada has traditionally relied almost exclusively on the clear-cut silvicultural system. In recent years, greater utilization of the hardwood component of boreal mixedwoods and increased societal concerns over maintenance of the integrity and sustainability of these ecosystems has provided impetus for forest managers to consider alternative silvicultural practices in boreal mixedwood forests. Little is currently known, however, concerning the response of soils and vegetation to forest harvesting systems in the mixedwood forests of the Liard River valley, Northwest Territories (NWT). Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the effects of patch clear-cut, strip clear-cut, and clear-cut harvesting systems on soil properties and understory vegetation composition and structure. Treatment sites with 3 or 4 years of recovery since harvesting and adjacent uncut forest sites were sampled using transect methodology. Soil samples were collected and understory vegetation community species composition and percent crown cover were assessed in 1-m2 quadrats. Compared with the range of conditions present in the uncut forest, increases in mineral soil bulk density (2%), exchangeable calcium (7%), LFH horizon thickness (13%), pH (0.2 units), and total organic carbon (5%) and decreases in LFH horizon total nitrogen (6%) and exchangeable potassium (22%) were observed following harvesting. Harvesting resulted in the reduction in crown cover of feathermoss species and increased abundance of shrub and herb species and minimal changes to species composition. Multivariate analysis of the data indicated that the method of harvesting did not result in significant differences in species composition and structure of the understory vegetation community. Overall, winter harvesting of these boreal mixedwood sites did not have a major impact on the majority of soil properties evaluated or on the species composition of the understory vegetation community.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michael D. Bock, Ken C.J. Van Rees,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x02-014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x02-014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x02-014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x02-186", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-19", "title": "Whole-Seedling Biomass Allocation, Leaf Area, And Tissue Chemistry For Douglas-Fir Exposed To Elevated Co2and Temperature For 4 Years", "description": "

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown under ambient or elevated ( ambient + 180 \uffc2\uffb5mol\uffc2\uffb7mol–1) CO2 and ambient or elevated (ambient + 3.5\uffc2\uffb0C) temperature in outdoor, sunlit chambers with a field soil. After 4 years, seedlings were harvested and measured for leaf area, leaf, fine root (<1 mm diameter), and structural (buds, branches, stems, main root, and lateral roots >1 mm in diameter) dry masses, and leaf and fine root C/N ratio, percent sugar, and percent cellulose. Elevated CO2 did not affect biomass production or allocation for any plant organ but increased specific leaf mass, leaf C/N ratio, and percent sugar and decreased the ratio of leaf area to structural weight and leaf percent cellulose. Elevated temperature tended to reduce biomass allocation to leaves and leaf sugar concentration. Fine root percent sugar tended to increase with elevated temperature but only at elevated CO2. Therefore, for Douglas-fir seedlings growing under naturally limiting soil moisture and nutrition conditions, elevated CO2 and temperature may have little impact on biomass or leaf area except for reduced specific leaf mass with elevated CO2 and reduced biomass allocation to leaves with elevated temperature. However, both elevated CO2 and temperature may alter leaf chemistry.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Erica VanEss, Claudia Wise, David M. Olszyk, Mark Johnson, Annick Benson, Marjorie J. Storm, Paul T. Rygiewicz, Richard King, David T. Tingey,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-186"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x02-186", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x02-186", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x02-186"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x01-126", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "title": "Forest Soil Characteristics In A Chronosequence Of Harvested Douglas-Fir Forests", "description": "

This study was designed to measure the microbiological and chemical characteristics of forest soils in a chronosequence of harvested Douglas-fir (Pseusotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands in different climatic settings. Mineral soil samples were collected along transects running from old-growth (OG) forests into harvested stands of ages 5, 15, and 40 years (5YS, 15YS, and 40YS, respectively) in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the central Oregon Cascade Mountains. We took litter depth measurements and cores to test for the presence of mycorrhizal mats at each sampling location. Denitrification potential was significantly lower in OG than in 5YS, and litter depth, forest floor respiration rate, and concentration of ectomycorrhizal mats were significantly greater in OG than in 5YS. Values were intermediate in 15YS and similar to those measured in OG in 40YS. No significant stand-age differences occurred in soil organic matter, soil moisture, pH, mineralizable N, laboratory soil respiration rate, or extractable ammonium. Sample variability was generally lowest in OG forests and highest in 5YS, and no consistent autocorrelations were observed for any of the variables at lags of 5 m or greater. We found no second-level interactions between stand age and location in ANOVA analyses, suggesting that, within the limits of this study, climate did not influence soil response to disturbance and subsequent recovery; however, several soil properties were affected by site location and, therefore, climate.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robert P. Griffiths, Alan K. Swanson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-126"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x01-126", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x01-126", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x01-126"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x02-009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-01", "title": "Aboveground Biomass And Nutrient Accumulation 20 Years After Clear-Cutting A Southern Appalachian Watershed", "description": "

In 1975, we initiated a long-term interdisciplinary study of forest watershed ecosystem response to clear-cutting and cable logging in watershed 7 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. This paper describes [Formula: see text]20 years of change in species composition, aboveground biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and nutrient pools in the 59-ha mixed hardwood forest of watershed 7 following commercial clear-cutting in winter 1977. We measured woody species in 24 permanently marked plots before cutting in 1974 and during subsequent years (1977–1997). By 1997 ([Formula: see text]20 years after cutting), aboveground biomass was 81.7, 96.9, and 85.4 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha–1in the cove hardwood; mesic, mixed-oak; and dry, mixed-oak communities, respectively. Leaf biomass and LAI accumulated relatively faster than total aboveground biomass in all three communities. By 1984, only 7–8 years after cutting, leaf biomass and LAI were nearly equal to the amount estimated for the precut forest. In 1997, nitrogen accumulation was 36, 44, and 61% and phosphorus accumulation was 48, 66, and 59% in the cove-hardwoods; mesic, mixed-oak; and dry, mixed-oak communities of the corresponding precut communities, respectively. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium accumulations were less than either nitrogen or phosphorus accumulation.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wayne T. Swank, Katherine J. Elliott, Lindsay R. Boring,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x02-009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x02-009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x02-009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x02-187", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-19", "title": "Urea Fertilizations Of A Norway Spruce Stand: Effects On Nitrogen In Soil Water And Field-Layer Vegetation After Final Felling", "description": "

Effects of previous fertilization with N (in total, 600 kg urea-N\uffc2\uffb7ha–1 applied in 1976, 1980, and 1985) were studied after final felling in 1992 of a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand in southern Sweden. The logging residues were removed from the site. In the clearcut, soil water at 50 cm depth was sampled 16 times with ceramic suction samplers (P80) in experimental plots during 1992–1995. The biomass and N content of the field layer was measured on seven occasions. The N storage of the field layer was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the urea treatment than in the control. Significant interactions between treatment and time were found in soil water for nitrate-N and total N but not for ammonium-N, organic N, and pH. During the first year after final felling, nitrate-N tended to increase faster in the urea treatment than in the control. After a period with similar concentrations in both treatments, nitrate-N in the urea treatment declined while at the same time, a peak was observed in the control showing four to seven times higher concentrations than in the urea treatment. At the end of the study, the concentrations still appeared to be highest in the control. Thus, the study demonstrated the importance of using a sufficiently long study period when investigating environmental effects. Total leaching of nitrate-N from the urea treatment was roughly 40% ([Formula: see text]20 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha–1) less than that from the control. The difference in leaching may be partly explained by the greater accumulation of N in the field-layer vegetation in the urea treatment.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-187"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x02-187", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x02-187", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x02-187"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Sciences&offset=2100&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Sciences&offset=2100&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Sciences&offset=2050", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biological+Sciences&offset=2150", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 3304, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T09:56:19.275002Z"}