{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "PMC11468586", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:27:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-08", "title": "Wafer\u2010Scale Functional Metasurfaces for Mid\u2010Infrared Photonics and Biosensing", "description": "Abstract

Metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on\uffe2\uff80\uff90demand optical functionalities for next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biosensing, imaging, and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared metasurfaces with wafer\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale and complementary metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff93semiconductor (CMOS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high\uffe2\uff80\uff90Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90area metalenses\uffc2\uffa0with\uffc2\uffa0diffraction\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record\uffe2\uff80\uff90high conversion efficiencies.\uffc2\uffa0 Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time and label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.Metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on\uffe2\uff80\uff90demand optical functionalities for next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biosensing, imaging, and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared metasurfaces with wafer\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale and complementary metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff93semiconductor (CMOS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high\uffe2\uff80\uff90Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90area metalenses\uffc2\uffa0with\uffc2\uffa0diffraction\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record\uffe2\uff80\uff90high conversion efficiencies.\uffc2\uffa0 Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time and label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.A multitude of biological processes are enabled by complex interactions between lipid membranes and proteins. To understand such dynamic processes, it is crucial to differentiate the constituent biomolecular species and track their individual time evolution without invasive labels. Here, we present a label-free mid-infrared biosensor capable of distinguishing multiple analytes in heterogeneous biological samples with high sensitivity. Our technology leverages a multi-resonant metasurface to simultaneously enhance the different vibrational fingerprints of multiple biomolecules. By providing up to 1000-fold near-field intensity enhancement over both amide and methylene bands, our sensor resolves the interactions of lipid membranes with different polypeptides in real time. Significantly, we demonstrate that our label-free chemically specific sensor can analyze peptide-induced neurotransmitter cargo release from synaptic vesicle mimics. Our sensor opens up exciting possibilities for gaining new insights into biological processes such as signaling or transport in basic research as well as provides a valuable toolkit for bioanalytical and pharmaceutical applications.Biosensors are indispensable tools for public, global, and personalized healthcare as they provide tests that can be used from early disease detection and treatment monitoring to preventing pandemics. We introduce single-wavelength imaging biosensors capable of reconstructing spectral shift information induced by biomarkers dynamically using an advanced data processing technique based on an optimal linear estimator. Our method achieves superior sensitivity without wavelength scanning or spectroscopy instruments. We engineered diatomic dielectric metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum that allows high-quality resonances with accessible near-fields by in-plane symmetry breaking. The large-area metasurface chips are configured as microarrays and integrated with microfluidics on an imaging platform for real-time detection of breast cancer extracellular vesicles encompassing exosomes. The optofluidic system has high sensing performance with nearly 70 1/RIU figure-of-merit enabling detection of on average 0.41 nanoparticle/\uffc2\uffb5m2 and real-time measurements of extracellular vesicles binding from down to 204 femtomolar solutions. Our biosensors provide the robustness of spectrometric approaches while substituting complex instrumentation with a single-wavelength light source and a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor camera, paving the way toward miniaturized devices for point-of-care diagnostics.

A novel photochemical technological route for one-step functionalization of a graphene surface with an azide-modified DNA aptamer for biomarkers is developed. The methodology is demonstrated for the functionalization of a DNA aptamer for an N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) heart failure biomarker on the surface of a graphene channel within a system based on a liquid-gated graphene field effect transistor (GFET). The limit of detection (LOD) of the aptamer-functionalized sensor is 0.01 pg/mL with short response time (75 s) for clinically relevant concentrations of the cardiac biomarker, which could be of relevance for point-of-care (POC) applications. The novel methodology could be applicable for the development of different graphene-based biosensors for fast, stable, real-time, and highly sensitive detection of disease markers.

", "keywords": ["azide modification", "field-effect transistor", "heart failure", "aptamer", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "point-of-care diagnostic", "Article", "Peptide Fragments", "graphene biosensor; heart failure; field-effect transistor; point-of-care diagnostic; aptamer; azide modification; photochemistry", "Natriuretic Peptide", " Brain", "graphene biosensor", "Graphite", "0210 nano-technology", "TP248.13-248.65", "Biomarkers", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/12/1071/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/12/1071/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121071"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/bios12121071", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/bios12121071", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/bios12121071"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/bios14050215", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-26", "title": "Comparative Study of Field-Effect Transistors Based on Graphene Oxide and CVD Graphene in Highly Sensitive NT-proBNP Aptasensors", "description": "

Graphene-based materials are actively being investigated as sensing elements for the detection of different analytes. Both graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and graphene oxide (GO) produced by the modified Hummers\u2019 method are actively used in the development of biosensors. The production costs of CVD graphene- and GO-based sensors are similar; however, the question remains regarding the most efficient graphene-based material for the construction of point-of-care diagnostic devices. To this end, in this work, we compare CVD graphene aptasensors with the aptasensors based on reduced GO (rGO) for their capabilities in the detection of NT-proBNP, which serves as the gold standard biomarker for heart failure. Both types of aptasensors were developed using commercial gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with either CVD graphene or GO formed on top as a channel of liquid-gated field-effect transistor (FET), yielding GFET and rGO-FET sensors, respectively. The functional properties of the two types of aptasensors were compared. Both demonstrate good dynamic range from 10 fg/mL to 100 pg/mL. The limit of detection for NT-proBNP in artificial saliva was 100 fg/mL and 1 pg/mL for rGO-FET- and GFET-based aptasensors, respectively. While CVD GFET demonstrates less variations in parameters, higher sensitivity was demonstrated by the rGO-FET due to its higher roughness and larger bandgap. The demonstrated low cost and scalability of technology for both types of graphene-based aptasensors may be applicable for the development of different graphene-based biosensors for rapid, stable, on-site, and highly sensitive detection of diverse biochemical markers.

", "keywords": ["Transistors", " Electronic", "graphene", "field-effect transistor", "heart failure", "aptamer", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "01 natural sciences", "point-of-care diagnostic", "Article", "Peptide Fragments", "0104 chemical sciences", "Limit of Detection", "Natriuretic Peptide", " Brain", "graphene oxide", "Humans", "Graphite", "Gold", "0210 nano-technology", "Electrodes", "TP248.13-248.65", "Biomarkers", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/5/215/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14050215"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/bios14050215", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/bios14050215", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/bios14050215"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/bios14070326", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-01", "title": "Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles", "description": "

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibit highly beneficial characteristics for devising efficient biosensors for different analytes. Their unique properties, such as capabilities for stable covalent binding to recognition groups (e.g., antibodies or aptamers) and sensing surfaces, open a plethora of opportunities for biosensor construction. In addition, their structured porosity offers capabilities for entrapping signaling molecules (dyes or electroactive species), which could be released efficiently in response to a desired analyte for effective optical or electrochemical detection. This work offers an overview of recent research studies (in the last five years) that contain MSNs in their optical and electrochemical sensing platforms for the detection of cancer biomarkers, classified by cancer type. In addition, this study provides an overview of cancer biomarkers, as well as electrochemical and optical detection methods in general.

", "keywords": ["MSNs", "cancer biomarkers", "Review", "Biosensing Techniques", "Electrochemical Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "biosensors", "optical detection", "Silicon Dioxide", "01 natural sciences", "0104 chemical sciences", "3. Good health", "Neoplasms", "electrochemical detection", "Biomarkers", " Tumor", "Nanoparticles", "Humans", "0210 nano-technology", "Porosity", "TP248.13-248.65", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/7/326/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070326"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/bios14070326", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/bios14070326", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/bios14070326"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/s18072250", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-12", "title": "Biosensing System for Concentration Quantification of Magnetically Labeled E. coli in Water Samples", "description": "

Bacterial contamination of water sources (e.g., lakes, rivers and springs) from waterborne bacteria is a crucial water safety issue and its prevention is of the utmost significance since it threatens the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock, and human populations and can lead to serious illness and even death. Rapid and multiplexed measurement of such waterborne pathogens is vital and the challenge is to instantly detect in these liquid samples different types of pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we propose a biosensing system in which the bacteria are labelled with streptavidin coated magnetic markers (MPs\u2014magnetic particles) forming compounds (MLBs\u2014magnetically labelled bacteria). Video microscopy in combination with a particle tracking software are used for their detection and quantification. When the liquid containing the MLBs is introduced into the developed, microfluidic platform, the MLBs are accelerated towards the outlet by means of a magnetic field gradient generated by integrated microconductors, which are sequentially switched ON and OFF by a microcontroller. The velocities of the MLBs and that of reference MPs, suspended in the same liquid in a parallel reference microfluidic channel, are calculated and compared in real time by a digital camera mounted on a conventional optical microscope in combination with a particle trajectory tracking software. The MLBs will be slower than the reference MPs due to the enhanced Stokes\u2019 drag force exerted on them, resulting from their greater volume and altered hydrodynamic shape. The results of the investigation showed that the parameters obtained from this method emerged as reliable predictors for E. coli concentrations.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "magnetophoresis", "magnetic microparticles", "Chemical technology", "magnetic labeling", "Microfluidics", "TP1-1185", "Biosensing Techniques", "Article", "6. Clean water", "particle tracking", "Magnetics", "03 medical and health sciences", "bacteria quantification", "13. Climate action", "Escherichia coli", "biosensing", "Water Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2250/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072250"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/s18072250", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/s18072250", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/s18072250"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/toxins11100550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-20", "title": "Graphene-Based Sensing Platform for On-Chip Ochratoxin A Detection", "description": "

In this work, we report an on-chip aptasensor for ochratoxin A (OTA) toxin detection that is based on a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET). Graphene-based devices are fabricated via large-scale technology, allowing for upscaling the sensor fabrication and lowering the device cost. The sensor assembly was performed through covalent bonding of graphene\u2019s surface with an aptamer specifically sensitive towards OTA. The results demonstrate fast (within 5 min) response to OTA exposure with a linear range of detection between 4 ng/mL and 10 pg/mL, with a detection limit of 4 pg/mL. The regeneration time constant of the sensor was found to be rather small, only 5.6 s, meaning fast sensor regeneration for multiple usages. The high reproducibility of the sensing response was demonstrated via using several recycling procedures as well as various GFETs. The applicability of the aptasensor to real samples was demonstrated for spiked red wine samples with recovery of about 105% for a 100 pM OTA concentration; the selectivity of the sensor was also confirmed via addition of another toxin, zearalenone. The developed platform opens the way for multiplex sensing of different toxins using an on-chip array of graphene sensors.

", "keywords": ["Communication", "graphene", "R", "aptamer", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "Ochratoxins", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0104 chemical sciences", "on-chip", "sensor", "Limit of Detection", "transistor", "Medicine", "Graphite", "0210 nano-technology", "ochratoxin A"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/550/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Toxins", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/toxins11100550", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/toxins11100550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/toxins11100550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/toxins15050326", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-10", "title": "Label-Free Direct Detection of Cylindrospermopsin via Graphene-Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Aptasensor", "description": "

In this work, we report a novel method for the label-free detection of cyanotoxin molecules based on a direct assay utilizing a graphene-modified surface plasmon resonance (SPR) aptasensor. Molecular dynamic simulation of the aptamer\u2019s interaction with cylindrospermopsin (CYN) reveals the strongest binding sites between C18\u2013C26 pairs. To modify the SPR sensor, the wet transfer method of CVD monolayer graphene was used. For the first time, we report the use of graphene functionalized by an aptamer as a bioreceptor in conjunction with SPR for the detection of CYN. In a direct assay with an anti-CYN aptamer, we demonstrated a noticeable change in the optical signal in response to the concentrations far below the maximum tolerable level of 1 \u00b5g/L and high specificity.

", "keywords": ["Communication", "R", "aptamer", "Biosensing Techniques", "label-free biosensing", "Surface Plasmon Resonance", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "CVD graphene; label-free biosensing; cyanotoxins; aptamer; surface plasmon resonance", "3. Good health", "CVD graphene", "cyanotoxins", "Medicine", "Graphite", "surface plasmon resonance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/5/326/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15050326"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Toxins", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/toxins15050326", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/toxins15050326", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/toxins15050326"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3164835394", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:25:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-31", "title": "Imaging-based spectrometer-less optofluidic biosensors based on dielectric metasurfaces for detecting extracellular vesicles", "description": "Abstract

Biosensors are indispensable tools for public, global, and personalized healthcare as they provide tests that can be used from early disease detection and treatment monitoring to preventing pandemics. We introduce single-wavelength imaging biosensors capable of reconstructing spectral shift information induced by biomarkers dynamically using an advanced data processing technique based on an optimal linear estimator. Our method achieves superior sensitivity without wavelength scanning or spectroscopy instruments. We engineered diatomic dielectric metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum that allows high-quality resonances with accessible near-fields by in-plane symmetry breaking. The large-area metasurface chips are configured as microarrays and integrated with microfluidics on an imaging platform for real-time detection of breast cancer extracellular vesicles encompassing exosomes. The optofluidic system has high sensing performance with nearly 70 1/RIU figure-of-merit enabling detection of on average 0.41 nanoparticle/\uffc2\uffb5m2 and real-time measurements of extracellular vesicles binding from down to 204 femtomolar solutions. Our biosensors provide the robustness of spectrometric approaches while substituting complex instrumentation with a single-wavelength light source and a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor camera, paving the way toward miniaturized devices for point-of-care diagnostics.A multitude of biological processes are enabled by complex interactions between lipid membranes and proteins. To understand such dynamic processes, it is crucial to differentiate the constituent biomolecular species and track their individual time evolution without invasive labels. Here, we present a label-free mid-infrared biosensor capable of distinguishing multiple analytes in heterogeneous biological samples with high sensitivity. Our technology leverages a multi-resonant metasurface to simultaneously enhance the different vibrational fingerprints of multiple biomolecules. By providing up to 1000-fold near-field intensity enhancement over both amide and methylene bands, our sensor resolves the interactions of lipid membranes with different polypeptides in real time. Significantly, we demonstrate that our label-free chemically specific sensor can analyze peptide-induced neurotransmitter cargo release from synaptic vesicle mimics. Our sensor opens up exciting possibilities for gaining new insights into biological processes such as signaling or transport in basic research as well as provides a valuable toolkit for bioanalytical and pharmaceutical applications.

Bacterial contamination of water sources (e.g., lakes, rivers and springs) from waterborne bacteria is a crucial water safety issue and its prevention is of the utmost significance since it threatens the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock, and human populations and can lead to serious illness and even death. Rapid and multiplexed measurement of such waterborne pathogens is vital and the challenge is to instantly detect in these liquid samples different types of pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we propose a biosensing system in which the bacteria are labelled with streptavidin coated magnetic markers (MPs\u2014magnetic particles) forming compounds (MLBs\u2014magnetically labelled bacteria). Video microscopy in combination with a particle tracking software are used for their detection and quantification. When the liquid containing the MLBs is introduced into the developed, microfluidic platform, the MLBs are accelerated towards the outlet by means of a magnetic field gradient generated by integrated microconductors, which are sequentially switched ON and OFF by a microcontroller. The velocities of the MLBs and that of reference MPs, suspended in the same liquid in a parallel reference microfluidic channel, are calculated and compared in real time by a digital camera mounted on a conventional optical microscope in combination with a particle trajectory tracking software. The MLBs will be slower than the reference MPs due to the enhanced Stokes\u2019 drag force exerted on them, resulting from their greater volume and altered hydrodynamic shape. The results of the investigation showed that the parameters obtained from this method emerged as reliable predictors for E. coli concentrations.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "magnetophoresis", "magnetic microparticles", "Chemical technology", "magnetic labeling", "Microfluidics", "TP1-1185", "Biosensing Techniques", "Article", "6. Clean water", "particle tracking", "Magnetics", "03 medical and health sciences", "bacteria quantification", "13. Climate action", "Escherichia coli", "biosensing", "Water Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2250/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2867552234"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2867552234", "name": "item", "description": "2867552234", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2867552234"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2974072884", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:25:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-20", "title": "Graphene-Based Sensing Platform for On-Chip Ochratoxin A Detection", "description": "

In this work, we report an on-chip aptasensor for ochratoxin A (OTA) toxin detection that is based on a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET). Graphene-based devices are fabricated via large-scale technology, allowing for upscaling the sensor fabrication and lowering the device cost. The sensor assembly was performed through covalent bonding of graphene\u2019s surface with an aptamer specifically sensitive towards OTA. The results demonstrate fast (within 5 min) response to OTA exposure with a linear range of detection between 4 ng/mL and 10 pg/mL, with a detection limit of 4 pg/mL. The regeneration time constant of the sensor was found to be rather small, only 5.6 s, meaning fast sensor regeneration for multiple usages. The high reproducibility of the sensing response was demonstrated via using several recycling procedures as well as various GFETs. The applicability of the aptasensor to real samples was demonstrated for spiked red wine samples with recovery of about 105% for a 100 pM OTA concentration; the selectivity of the sensor was also confirmed via addition of another toxin, zearalenone. The developed platform opens the way for multiplex sensing of different toxins using an on-chip array of graphene sensors.

", "keywords": ["Communication", "graphene", "R", "aptamer", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "Ochratoxins", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0104 chemical sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "on-chip", "sensor", "Limit of Detection", "transistor", "Medicine", "Graphite", "0210 nano-technology", "ochratoxin A"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/550/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2974072884"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Toxins", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2974072884", "name": "item", "description": "2974072884", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2974072884"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3198887158", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:25:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-08", "title": "Wafer\u2010Scale Functional Metasurfaces for Mid\u2010Infrared Photonics and Biosensing", "description": "Abstract

Metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on\uffe2\uff80\uff90demand optical functionalities for next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biosensing, imaging, and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared metasurfaces with wafer\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale and complementary metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff93semiconductor (CMOS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high\uffe2\uff80\uff90Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90area metalenses\uffc2\uffa0with\uffc2\uffa0diffraction\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record\uffe2\uff80\uff90high conversion efficiencies.\uffc2\uffa0 Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time and label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.Biosensors are indispensable tools for public, global, and personalized healthcare as they provide tests that can be used from early disease detection and treatment monitoring to preventing pandemics. We introduce single-wavelength imaging biosensors capable of reconstructing spectral shift information induced by biomarkers dynamically using an advanced data processing technique based on an optimal linear estimator. Our method achieves superior sensitivity without wavelength scanning or spectroscopy instruments. We engineered diatomic dielectric metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum that allows high-quality resonances with accessible near-fields by in-plane symmetry breaking. The large-area metasurface chips are configured as microarrays and integrated with microfluidics on an imaging platform for real-time detection of breast cancer extracellular vesicles encompassing exosomes. The optofluidic system has high sensing performance with nearly 70 1/RIU figure-of-merit enabling detection of on average 0.41 nanoparticle/\uffc2\uffb5m2 and real-time measurements of extracellular vesicles binding from down to 204 femtomolar solutions. Our biosensors provide the robustness of spectrometric approaches while substituting complex instrumentation with a single-wavelength light source and a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor camera, paving the way toward miniaturized devices for point-of-care diagnostics.

In this work, we report a novel method for the label-free detection of cyanotoxin molecules based on a direct assay utilizing a graphene-modified surface plasmon resonance (SPR) aptasensor. Molecular dynamic simulation of the aptamer\u2019s interaction with cylindrospermopsin (CYN) reveals the strongest binding sites between C18\u2013C26 pairs. To modify the SPR sensor, the wet transfer method of CVD monolayer graphene was used. For the first time, we report the use of graphene functionalized by an aptamer as a bioreceptor in conjunction with SPR for the detection of CYN. In a direct assay with an anti-CYN aptamer, we demonstrated a noticeable change in the optical signal in response to the concentrations far below the maximum tolerable level of 1 \u00b5g/L and high specificity.

", "keywords": ["CVD graphene", "cyanotoxins", "Communication", "R", "aptamer", "Medicine", "Graphite", "Biosensing Techniques", "label-free biosensing", "Surface Plasmon Resonance", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "surface plasmon resonance", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/5/326/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC10220545"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Toxins", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC10220545", "name": "item", "description": "PMC10220545", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC10220545"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11117807", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:27:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-26", "title": "Comparative Study of Field-Effect Transistors Based on Graphene Oxide and CVD Graphene in Highly Sensitive NT-proBNP Aptasensors", "description": "

Graphene-based materials are actively being investigated as sensing elements for the detection of different analytes. Both graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and graphene oxide (GO) produced by the modified Hummers\u2019 method are actively used in the development of biosensors. The production costs of CVD graphene- and GO-based sensors are similar; however, the question remains regarding the most efficient graphene-based material for the construction of point-of-care diagnostic devices. To this end, in this work, we compare CVD graphene aptasensors with the aptasensors based on reduced GO (rGO) for their capabilities in the detection of NT-proBNP, which serves as the gold standard biomarker for heart failure. Both types of aptasensors were developed using commercial gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with either CVD graphene or GO formed on top as a channel of liquid-gated field-effect transistor (FET), yielding GFET and rGO-FET sensors, respectively. The functional properties of the two types of aptasensors were compared. Both demonstrate good dynamic range from 10 fg/mL to 100 pg/mL. The limit of detection for NT-proBNP in artificial saliva was 100 fg/mL and 1 pg/mL for rGO-FET- and GFET-based aptasensors, respectively. While CVD GFET demonstrates less variations in parameters, higher sensitivity was demonstrated by the rGO-FET due to its higher roughness and larger bandgap. The demonstrated low cost and scalability of technology for both types of graphene-based aptasensors may be applicable for the development of different graphene-based biosensors for rapid, stable, on-site, and highly sensitive detection of diverse biochemical markers.

", "keywords": ["Transistors", " Electronic", "graphene", "field-effect transistor", "heart failure", "aptamer", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "01 natural sciences", "point-of-care diagnostic", "Article", "Peptide Fragments", "0104 chemical sciences", "Limit of Detection", "Natriuretic Peptide", " Brain", "graphene oxide", "Humans", "Graphite", "Gold", "0210 nano-technology", "Electrodes", "TP248.13-248.65", "Biomarkers", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/5/215/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11117807"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11117807", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11117807", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11117807"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11274377", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:27:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-01", "title": "Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles", "description": "

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibit highly beneficial characteristics for devising efficient biosensors for different analytes. Their unique properties, such as capabilities for stable covalent binding to recognition groups (e.g., antibodies or aptamers) and sensing surfaces, open a plethora of opportunities for biosensor construction. In addition, their structured porosity offers capabilities for entrapping signaling molecules (dyes or electroactive species), which could be released efficiently in response to a desired analyte for effective optical or electrochemical detection. This work offers an overview of recent research studies (in the last five years) that contain MSNs in their optical and electrochemical sensing platforms for the detection of cancer biomarkers, classified by cancer type. In addition, this study provides an overview of cancer biomarkers, as well as electrochemical and optical detection methods in general.

", "keywords": ["MSNs", "cancer biomarkers", "Review", "Biosensing Techniques", "Electrochemical Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "biosensors", "optical detection", "Silicon Dioxide", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health", "0104 chemical sciences", "Neoplasms", "electrochemical detection", "Biomarkers", " Tumor", "Nanoparticles", "Humans", "0210 nano-technology", "Porosity", "TP248.13-248.65", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/7/326/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11274377"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11274377", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11274377", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11274377"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC5986821", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:27:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-29", "title": "Resolving molecule-specific information in dynamic lipid membrane processes with multi-resonant infrared metasurfaces", "description": "Abstract

A multitude of biological processes are enabled by complex interactions between lipid membranes and proteins. To understand such dynamic processes, it is crucial to differentiate the constituent biomolecular species and track their individual time evolution without invasive labels. Here, we present a label-free mid-infrared biosensor capable of distinguishing multiple analytes in heterogeneous biological samples with high sensitivity. Our technology leverages a multi-resonant metasurface to simultaneously enhance the different vibrational fingerprints of multiple biomolecules. By providing up to 1000-fold near-field intensity enhancement over both amide and methylene bands, our sensor resolves the interactions of lipid membranes with different polypeptides in real time. Significantly, we demonstrate that our label-free chemically specific sensor can analyze peptide-induced neurotransmitter cargo release from synaptic vesicle mimics. Our sensor opens up exciting possibilities for gaining new insights into biological processes such as signaling or transport in basic research as well as provides a valuable toolkit for bioanalytical and pharmaceutical applications.

Bacterial contamination of water sources (e.g., lakes, rivers and springs) from waterborne bacteria is a crucial water safety issue and its prevention is of the utmost significance since it threatens the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock, and human populations and can lead to serious illness and even death. Rapid and multiplexed measurement of such waterborne pathogens is vital and the challenge is to instantly detect in these liquid samples different types of pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we propose a biosensing system in which the bacteria are labelled with streptavidin coated magnetic markers (MPs\u2014magnetic particles) forming compounds (MLBs\u2014magnetically labelled bacteria). Video microscopy in combination with a particle tracking software are used for their detection and quantification. When the liquid containing the MLBs is introduced into the developed, microfluidic platform, the MLBs are accelerated towards the outlet by means of a magnetic field gradient generated by integrated microconductors, which are sequentially switched ON and OFF by a microcontroller. The velocities of the MLBs and that of reference MPs, suspended in the same liquid in a parallel reference microfluidic channel, are calculated and compared in real time by a digital camera mounted on a conventional optical microscope in combination with a particle trajectory tracking software. The MLBs will be slower than the reference MPs due to the enhanced Stokes\u2019 drag force exerted on them, resulting from their greater volume and altered hydrodynamic shape. The results of the investigation showed that the parameters obtained from this method emerged as reliable predictors for E. coli concentrations.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "magnetophoresis", "magnetic microparticles", "Chemical technology", "magnetic labeling", "Microfluidics", "TP1-1185", "Biosensing Techniques", "Article", "6. Clean water", "particle tracking", "Magnetics", "03 medical and health sciences", "bacteria quantification", "13. Climate action", "Escherichia coli", "biosensing", "Water Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2250/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC6068504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC6068504", "name": "item", "description": "PMC6068504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC6068504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC6133232", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:27:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-30", "title": "Real-Time In Situ Secondary Structure Analysis of Protein Monolayer with Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Nanoantennas", "description": "Dynamic detection of protein conformational changes at physiological conditions on a minute amount of samples is immensely important for understanding the structural determinants of protein function in health and disease and to develop assays and diagnostics for protein misfolding and protein aggregation diseases. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate the capabilities of a mid-infrared plasmonic biosensor for real-time and in situ protein secondary structure analysis in aqueous environment at nanoscale. We present label-free ultrasensitive dynamic monitoring of \u03b2-sheet to disordered conformational transitions in a monolayer of the disease-related \u03b1-synuclein protein under varying stimulus conditions. Our experiments show that the extracted secondary structure signals from plasmonically enhanced amide I signatures in the protein monolayer can be reliably and reproducibly acquired with second derivative analysis for dynamic monitoring. Furthermore, by using a polymer layer we show that our nanoplasmonic approach of extracting the frequency components of vibrational signatures matches with the results attained from gold-standard infrared transmission measurements. By facilitating conformational analysis on small quantities of immobilized proteins in response to external stimuli such as drugs, our plasmonic biosensor could be used to introduce platforms for screening small molecule modulators of protein misfolding and aggregation.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Protein Aggregates", "Protein Folding", "03 medical and health sciences", "Spectrophotometry", " Infrared", "Surface Properties", "alpha-Synuclein", "Thermodynamics", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "Protein Structure", " Secondary"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dordaneh Etezadi, John B. Warner, Hilal A. Lashuel, Hatice Altug,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssensors.8b00115"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC6133232"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ACS%20Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC6133232", "name": "item", "description": "PMC6133232", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC6133232"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC6832591", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:27:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-20", "title": "Graphene-Based Sensing Platform for On-Chip Ochratoxin A Detection", "description": "

In this work, we report an on-chip aptasensor for ochratoxin A (OTA) toxin detection that is based on a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET). Graphene-based devices are fabricated via large-scale technology, allowing for upscaling the sensor fabrication and lowering the device cost. The sensor assembly was performed through covalent bonding of graphene\u2019s surface with an aptamer specifically sensitive towards OTA. The results demonstrate fast (within 5 min) response to OTA exposure with a linear range of detection between 4 ng/mL and 10 pg/mL, with a detection limit of 4 pg/mL. The regeneration time constant of the sensor was found to be rather small, only 5.6 s, meaning fast sensor regeneration for multiple usages. The high reproducibility of the sensing response was demonstrated via using several recycling procedures as well as various GFETs. The applicability of the aptasensor to real samples was demonstrated for spiked red wine samples with recovery of about 105% for a 100 pM OTA concentration; the selectivity of the sensor was also confirmed via addition of another toxin, zearalenone. The developed platform opens the way for multiplex sensing of different toxins using an on-chip array of graphene sensors.

", "keywords": ["Communication", "graphene", "R", "aptamer", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "Ochratoxins", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0104 chemical sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "on-chip", "sensor", "Limit of Detection", "transistor", "Medicine", "Graphite", "0210 nano-technology", "ochratoxin A"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/550/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC6832591"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Toxins", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC6832591", "name": "item", "description": "PMC6832591", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC6832591"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC9775241", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:27:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-24", "title": "One-Step Photochemical Immobilization of Aptamer on Graphene for Label-Free Detection of NT-proBNP", "description": "

A novel photochemical technological route for one-step functionalization of a graphene surface with an azide-modified DNA aptamer for biomarkers is developed. The methodology is demonstrated for the functionalization of a DNA aptamer for an N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) heart failure biomarker on the surface of a graphene channel within a system based on a liquid-gated graphene field effect transistor (GFET). The limit of detection (LOD) of the aptamer-functionalized sensor is 0.01 pg/mL with short response time (75 s) for clinically relevant concentrations of the cardiac biomarker, which could be of relevance for point-of-care (POC) applications. The novel methodology could be applicable for the development of different graphene-based biosensors for fast, stable, real-time, and highly sensitive detection of disease markers.

", "keywords": ["azide modification", "field-effect transistor", "heart failure", "aptamer", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "point-of-care diagnostic", "Article", "Peptide Fragments", "graphene biosensor; heart failure; field-effect transistor; point-of-care diagnostic; aptamer; azide modification; photochemistry", "Natriuretic Peptide", " Brain", "graphene biosensor", "Graphite", "0210 nano-technology", "TP248.13-248.65", "Biomarkers", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/12/1071/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/12/1071/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC9775241"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC9775241", "name": "item", "description": "PMC9775241", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC9775241"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "eee4346853957c59c220684ad5212d19", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:29:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-16", "title": "Real-time detection of ochratoxin A in wine through insight of aptamer conformation in conjunction with graphene field-effect transistor", "description": "Mycotoxins comprise a frequent type of toxins present in food and feed. The problem of mycotoxin contamination has been recently aggravated due to the increased complexity of the farm-to-fork chains, resulting in negative effects on human and animal health and, consequently, economics. The easy-to-use, on-site, on-demand, and rapid monitoring of mycotoxins in food/feed is highly desired. In this work, we report on an advanced mycotoxin biosensor based on an array of graphene field-effect transistors integrated on a single silicon chip. A specifically designed aptamer against Ochratoxin A (OTA) was used as a recognition element, where it was covalently attached to graphene surface via pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (PBASE) chemistry. Namely, an electric field stimulation was used to promote more efficient \u03c0-\u03c0 stacking of PBASE to graphene. The specific G-rich aptamer strand suggest its \u03c0-\u03c0 stacking on graphene in free-standing regime and reconfiguration in G-quadruplex during binding an OTA molecule. This realistic behavior of the aptamer is sensitive to the ionic strength of the analyte solution, demonstrating a 10-fold increase in sensitivity at low ionic strengths. The graphene-aptamer sensors reported here demonstrate fast assay with the lowest detection limit of 1.4 pM for OTA within a response time as low as 10 s, which is more than 30 times faster compared to any other reported aptamer-based methods for mycotoxin detection. The sensors hold comparable performance when operated in real-time within a complex matrix of wine without additional time-consuming pre-treatment.", "keywords": ["Condensed Matter - Materials Science", "Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics", "Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Wine", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "Ochratoxins", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health", "0104 chemical sciences", "Limit of Detection", "Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)", "Animals", "Humans", "Graphite", "0210 nano-technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.10551"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosensors%20and%20Bioelectronics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "eee4346853957c59c220684ad5212d19", "name": "item", "description": "eee4346853957c59c220684ad5212d19", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/eee4346853957c59c220684ad5212d19"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biosensing+Techniques&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biosensing+Techniques&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biosensing+Techniques&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biosensing+Techniques&offset=32", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 32, "numberReturned": 32, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-25T08:47:15.491839Z"}