{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-07", "title": "Critical review of the impacts of grazing intensity on soil organic carbon storage and other soil quality indicators in extensively managed grasslands", "description": "Livestock grazing intensity (GI) is thought to have a major impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and soil quality indicators in grassland agroecosystems. To critically investigate this, we conducted a global review and meta-analysis of 83 studies of extensive grazing, covering 164 sites across different countries and climatic zones. Unlike previous published reviews we normalized the SOC and total nitrogen (TN) data to a 30\u00a0cm depth to be compatible with IPCC guidelines. We also calculated a normalized GI and divided the data into four main groups depending on the regional climate (dry warm, DW; dry cool, DC; moist warm, MW; moist cool, MC). Our results show that taken across all climatic zones and GIs, grazing (below the carrying capacity of the systems) results in a decrease in SOC storage, although its impact on SOC is climate-dependent. When assessed for different regional climates, all GI levels increased SOC stocks under the MW climate (+7.6%) whilst there were reductions under the MC climate (-19%). Under the DW and DC climates, only the low (+5.8%) and low to medium (+16.1%) grazing intensities, respectively, were associated with increased SOC stocks. High GI significantly increased SOC for C4-dominated grassland compared to C3-dominated grassland and C3-C4 mixed grasslands. It was also associated with significant increases in TN and bulk density but had no effect on soil pH. To protect grassland soils from degradation, we recommend that GI and management practices should be optimized according to climate region and grassland type (C3, C4 or C3-C4 mixed).", "keywords": ["330", "QH301 Biology", "630", "Article", "QH301", "NE/M021327/1", "Grazing intensity", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "grazing", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "soil organic carbon", "Grazing", "grazing intensity", "total nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "NE/M016900/1", "NE/M019713/1", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BB/N013484/1", "grassland", "BB/N013468/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-013-9731-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-05", "title": "Optimizing Carbon Storage Within A Spatially Heterogeneous Upland Grassland Through Sheep Grazing Management", "description": "Livestock grazing is known to influence carbon (C) storage in vegetation and soil. Yet, for grazing management to be used to optimize C storage, large scale investigations that take into account the typically heterogeneous distribution of grazers and C across the landscape are required. In a landscape-scale grazing experiment in the Scottish uplands, we quantified C stored in swards dominated by the widespread tussock-forming grass species Molinia caerulea. The impact of three sheep stocking treatments (\u2018commercial\u2019 2.7\u00a0ewes\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0y\u22121, \u2018low\u2019 0.9\u00a0ewes\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0y\u22121 and no livestock) on plant C stocks was determined at three spatial scales; tussock, sward and landscape, and these data were used to predict long-term changes in soil organic carbon (SOC). We found that tussocks were particularly dense C stores (that is, high C mass per unit area) and that grazing reduced their abundance and thus influenced C stocks held in M. caerulea swards across the landscape; C stocks were 3.83, 5.01 and 6.85\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 under commercial sheep grazing, low sheep grazing and no grazing, respectively. Measured vegetation C in the three grazing treatments provided annual C inputs to RothC, an organic matter turnover model, to predict changes in SOC over 100\u00a0years. RothC predicted SOC to decline under commercial sheep stocking and increase under low sheep grazing and no grazing. Our findings suggest that no sheep and low-intensity sheep grazing are better upland management practices for enhancing plant and soil C sequestration than commercial sheep grazing. This is evaluated in the context of other upland management objectives.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "330", "QH301 Biology", "spatial heterogeneity", "livestock grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "RothC", "01 natural sciences", "QH301", "Molinia caerulea", "upland", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9731-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-013-9731-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-013-9731-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-013-9731-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-01", "title": "Surface tension, rheology and hydrophobicity of rhizodeposits and seed mucilage influence soil water retention and hysteresis", "description": "Rhizodeposits collected from hydroponic solutions with roots of maize and barley, and seed mucilage washed from chia, were added to soil to measure their impact on water retention and hysteresis in a sandy loam soil at a range of concentrations. We test the hypothesis that the effect of plant exudates and mucilages on hydraulic properties of soils depends on their physicochemical characteristics and origin.Surface tension and viscosity of the exudate solutions were measured using the Du No\u00fcy ring method and a cone-plate rheometer, respectively. The contact angle of water on exudate treated soil was measured with the sessile drop method. Water retention and hysteresis were measured by equilibrating soil samples, treated with exudates and mucilages at 0.46 and 4.6\u00a0mg\u00a0g-1 concentration, on dialysis tubing filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution of known osmotic potential.Surface tension decreased and viscosity increased with increasing concentration of the exudates and mucilage in solutions. Change in surface tension and viscosity was greatest for chia seed exudate and least for barley root exudate. Contact angle increased with increasing maize root and chia seed exudate concentration in soil, but not barley root. Chia seed mucilage and maize root rhizodeposits enhanced soil water retention and increased hysteresis index, whereas barley root rhizodeposits decreased soil water retention and the hysteresis effect. The impact of exudates and mucilages on soil water retention almost ceased when approaching wilting point at -1500\u00a0kPa matric potential.Barley rhizodeposits behaved as surfactants, drying the rhizosphere at smaller suctions. Chia seed mucilage and maize root rhizodeposits behaved as hydrogels that hold more water in the rhizosphere, but with slower rewetting and greater hysteresis.", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "seed exudate", "FLOW", "QH301 Biology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "root exudate", "630", "QH301", "soil water retention", "ROOT", "surface tension", "DIMR 646809", "Contact angle", "contact angle", "PHOSPHOLIPID SURFACTANTS", "2. Zero hunger", "STABILITY", "BB/J000868/1", "Surface tension", "Civil_env_eng", "Viscosity", "Hysteresis", "name=Soil Science", "Root exudate", "RHIZOSPHERE HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES", "EXUDATION", "Regular Article", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "540", "Soil water retention", "6. Clean water", "Seed exudate", "BB/J011460/1", "hysteresis", "BB/L026058/1", "viscosity", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "name=Plant Science", "MAIZE", "BB/P004180/1", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5787/1/Naveed2019_Article_SurfaceTensionRheologyAndHydro.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428238/1/Naveed2019_Article_SurfaceTensionRheologyAndHydro.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-11", "title": "Impact of root hairs on microscale soil physical properties in the field", "description": "Abstract                  Aims                 <p>Recent laboratory studies revealed that root hairs may alter soil physical behaviour, influencing soil porosity and water retention on the small scale. However, the results are not consistent, and it is not known if structural changes at the small-scale have impacts at larger scales. Therefore, we evaluated the potential effects of root hairs on soil hydro-mechanical properties in the field using rhizosphere-scale physical measurements.</p>                                Methods                 <p>Changes in soil water retention properties as well as mechanical and hydraulic characteristics were monitored in both silt loam and sandy loam soils. Measurements were taken from plant establishment to harvesting in field trials, comparing three barley genotypes representing distinct phenotypic categories in relation to root hair length. Soil hardness and elasticity were measured using a 3-mm-diameter spherical indenter, while water sorptivity and repellency were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer with a 0.4-mm tip radius.</p>                                Results                 <p>Over the growing season, plants induced changes in the soil water retention properties, with the plant available water increasing by 21%. Both soil hardness (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.031) and elasticity (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.048) decreased significantly in the presence of root hairs in silt loam soil, by 50% and 36%, respectively. Root hairs also led to significantly smaller water repellency (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.007) in sandy loam soil vegetated with the hairy genotype (-49%) compared to the hairless mutant.</p>                                Conclusions                 <p>Breeding of cash crops for improved soil conditions could be achieved by selecting root phenotypes that ameliorate soil physical properties and therefore contribute to increased soil health.</p>", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "0106 biological sciences", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Soil Science", "Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services (RESAS)", "Plant Science", "01 natural sciences", "630", "QH301", "BBSRC BB/L025825/1", "Barley", "Soil health", "Soil structure", "Root hairs", "Soil hydromechanical properties", "BB/L025620/1", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "name=Soil Science", "ERCDMR-646809", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil water retention", "BBSRC BB/J00868/1", "6. Clean water", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Other", "name=Plant Science", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/484590/2/s11104_022_05530_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-019-04308-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-06", "title": "Significance of root hairs at the field scale \u2013 modelling root water and phosphorus uptake under different field conditions", "description": "Abstract                                Background and aims                 <p>Root hairs play a significant role in phosphorus (P) extraction at the pore scale. However, their importance at the field scale remains poorly understood.</p>                                Methods                 <p>This study uses a continuum model to explore the impact of root hairs on the large-scale uptake of P, comparing root hair influence under different agricultural scenarios. High vs low and constant vs decaying P concentrations down the soil profile are considered, along with early vs late precipitation scenarios.</p>                                Results                 <p>Simulation results suggest root hairs accounted for 50% of total P uptake by plants. Furthermore, a delayed initiation time of precipitation potentially limits the P uptake rate by over 50% depending on the growth period. Despite the large differences in the uptake rate, changes in the soil P concentration in the domain due to root solute uptake remains marginal when considering a single growth season. However, over the duration of 6\uffc2\uffa0years, simulation results showed that noticeable differences arise over time.</p>                                Conclusion                 <p>Root hairs are critical to P capture, with uptake efficiency potentially enhanced by coordinating irrigation with P application during earlier growth stages of crops.</p>", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "550", "EP/M020355/1", "ERC 646809 DIMR", "QH301 Biology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Soil Science", "A. B", "Field", "610", "Plant Science", "01 natural sciences", "NERC NE/L00237/1", "QH301", "Soil", "Plant roots", "Root hairs", "BBSRC SARIC BB/P004180/", "2. Zero hunger", "BBSRC SARISA BB/L025620/1. S. D.", "Mathematical modelling", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "name=Soil Science", "Water", "Phosphorus", "Regular Article", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Rhizosphere", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "name=Plant Science", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/434043/1/Manuscript_No_Tracked_Changes.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-019-04308-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04308-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-019-04308-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-019-04308-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-019-04308-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-17", "title": "Structure and function of the soil microbiome underlying N2O emissions from global wetlands", "description": "Abstract<p>Wetland soils are the greatest source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a critical greenhouse gas and ozone depleter released by microbes. Yet, microbial players and processes underlying the N2O emissions from wetland soils are poorly understood. Using in situ N2O measurements and by determining the structure and potential functional of microbial communities in 645 wetland soil samples globally, we examined the potential role of archaea, bacteria, and fungi in nitrogen (N) cycling and N2O emissions. We show that N2O emissions are higher in drained and warm wetland soils, and are correlated with functional diversity of microbes. We further provide evidence that despite their much lower abundance compared to bacteria, nitrifying archaeal abundance is a key factor explaining N2O emissions from wetland soils globally. Our data suggest that ongoing global warming and intensifying environmental change may boost archaeal nitrifiers, collectively transforming wetland soils to a greater source of N2O.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "571", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Science", "General Biochemistry", "Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Nitrous Oxide", "General Physics and Astronomy", "Soil Science", "551", "852993", "Article", "DH150187", "QH301", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "948219", "General", "Soil Microbiology", "0303 health sciences", "Microbiota", "Q", "General Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "BBS/e/F/000Pr10355", "13. Climate action", "BB/r012490/1", "Wetlands", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Other", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/27540/1/bahram-m-et-al-220412.pdf"}, {"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/84269/1/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29161-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14644", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-07", "title": "A critical review of the impacts of cover crops on nitrogen leaching, net greenhouse gas balance and crop productivity", "description": "Abstract<p>Cover crops play an increasingly important role in improving soil quality, reducing agricultural inputs and improving environmental sustainability. The main objectives of this critical global review and systematic analysis were to assess cover crop practices in the context of their impacts on nitrogen leaching, net greenhouse gas balances (NGHGB) and crop productivity. Only studies that investigated the impacts of cover crops and measured one or a combination of nitrogen leaching, soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrous oxide (N2O), grain yield and nitrogen in grain of primary crop, and had a control treatment were included in the analysis. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies were uncommon, with most data coming from studies lasting 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933\uffc2\uffa0years. The literature search resulted in 106 studies carried out at 372 sites and covering different countries, climatic zones and management. Our analysis demonstrates that cover crops significantly (p\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa00.001) decreased N leaching and significantly (p\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa00.001) increased SOC sequestration without having significant (p\uffc2\uffa0&gt;\uffc2\uffa00.05) effects on direct N2O emissions. Cover crops could mitigate the NGHGB by 2.06\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.10\uffc2\uffa0Mg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. One of the potential disadvantages of cover crops identified was the reduction in grain yield of the primary crop by \uffe2\uff89\uff884%, compared to the control treatment. This drawback could be avoided by selecting mixed cover crops with a range of legumes and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90legumes, which increased the yield by \uffe2\uff89\uff8813%. These advantages of cover crops justify their widespread adoption. However, management practices in relation to cover crops will need to be adapted to specific soil, management and regional climatic conditions.</p>", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "net greenhouse gas balance", "330", "Supplementary Data", "Nitrogen", "QH301 Biology", "Supplementary data available", "12. Responsible consumption", "Nitrous oxide emissions", "QH301", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "N content", "nitrate", "C sequestration", "N leaching", "Environmental Chemistry", "General Environmental Science", "NE/M019691/1", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Catch crop", "Ecology", "Soil organic carbon", "green manure", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Research Review", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "yield", "Crop Production", "13. Climate action", "N in grain", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Cover crop", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BB/N013484/1", "BB/N013468/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14644"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14644", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14644", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14644"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14878", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-22", "title": "Which practices co\u2010deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?", "description": "Abstract<p>There is a clear need for transformative change in the land management and food production sectors to address the global land challenges of climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, combatting land degradation and desertification, and delivering food security (referred to hereafter as \uffe2\uff80\uff9cland challenges\uffe2\uff80\uff9d). We assess the potential for 40 practices to address these land challenges and find that: Nine options deliver medium to large benefits for all four land challenges. A further two options have no global estimates for adaptation, but have medium to large benefits for all other land challenges. Five options have large mitigation potential (&gt;3\uffc2\uffa0Gt CO2eq/year) without adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Five options have moderate mitigation potential, with no adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Sixteen practices have large adaptation potential (&gt;25 million people benefit), without adverse side effects on other land challenges. Most practices can be applied without competing for available land. However, seven options could result in competition for land. A large number of practices do not require dedicated land, including several land management options, all value chain options, and all risk management options. Four options could greatly increase competition for land if applied at a large scale, though the impact is scale and context specific, highlighting the need for safeguards to ensure that expansion of land for mitigation does not impact natural systems and food security. A number of practices, such as increased food productivity, dietary change and reduced food loss and waste, can reduce demand for land conversion, thereby potentially freeing\uffe2\uff80\uff90up land and creating opportunities for enhanced implementation of other practices, making them important components of portfolios of practices to address the combined land challenges.</p", "keywords": ["773901", "Invited Primary Research Article", "550", "QH301 Biology", "Acclimatization", "demand management", "TROPICAL FORESTS", "adaptation; adverse side effects; co-benefits; demand management; desertification; food security; land degradation; land management; mitigation; practice; risk management", "ECOSYSTEM SERVICES", "adaptation", "01 natural sciences", "Food Supply", "NE/M021327/1", "PRACTICE", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "776810", "LAND MANAGEMENT", "ADVERSE SIDE EFFECTS", "ADAPTATION", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "DESERTIFICATION", "land degradation", "FOOD SECURITY", "NEGATIVE EMISSIONS", "1. No poverty", "URBAN SPRAWL", "Agriculture", "desertification", "practice", "LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "LAND DEGRADATION", "LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS", "adverse side effects", "FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE", "environment", "GE Environmental Sciences", "European Research Council", "RISK MANAGEMENT", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "330", "Climate Change", "GREENHOUSE-GAS MITIGATION", "MITIGATION", "risk management", "DEMAND MANAGEMENT", "12. Responsible consumption", "EP/M013200/1", "mitigation", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "co-benefits", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "European Commission", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "ddc:550", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "land management", "food security", "15. Life on land", "Earth sciences", "CO-BENEFITS", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "13. Climate action", "adverse side-effects", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "774124", "BB/N013484/1", "SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/962658/2/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202019%20-%20Smith%20-%20Which%20practices%20co%e2%80%90deliver%20food%20security%20%20climate%20change%20mitigation%20and%20adaptation%20.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14878"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14878"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14878", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14878", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14878"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/aob/mcaa181", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-07", "title": "Significance of root hairs for plant performance under contrasting field conditions and water deficit", "description": "AbstractBackground and Aims<p>Previous laboratory studies have suggested selection for root hair traits in future crop breeding to improve resource use efficiency and stress tolerance. However, data on the interplay between root hairs and open-field systems, under contrasting soils and climate conditions, are limited. As such, this study aims to experimentally elucidate some of the impacts that root hairs have on plant performance on a field scale.</p>Methods<p>A field experiment was set up in Scotland for two consecutive years, under contrasting climate conditions and different soil textures (i.e. clay loam vs. sandy loam). Five barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes exhibiting variation in root hair length and density were used in the study. Root hair length, density and rhizosheath weight were measured at several growth stages, as well as shoot biomass, plant water status, shoot phosphorus (P) accumulation and grain yield.</p>Key Results<p>Measurements of root hair density, length and its correlation with rhizosheath weight highlighted trait robustness in the field under variable environmental conditions, although significant variations were found between soil textures as the growing season progressed. Root hairs did not confer a notable advantage to barley under optimal conditions, but under soil water deficit root hairs enhanced plant water status and stress tolerance resulting in a less negative leaf water potential and lower leaf abscisic acid concentration, while promoting shoot P accumulation. Furthermore, the presence of root hairs did not decrease yield under optimal conditions, while root hairs enhanced yield stability under drought.</p>Conclusions<p>Selecting for beneficial root hair traits can enhance yield stability without diminishing yield potential, overcoming the breeder\uffe2\uff80\uff99s dilemma of trying to simultaneously enhance both productivity and resilience. Therefore, the maintenance or enhancement of root hairs can represent a key trait for breeding the next generation of crops for improved drought tolerance in relation to climate change.</p", "keywords": ["construction", "0301 basic medicine", "EP/M020355/1", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "drought tolerance", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "610", "Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services (RESAS)", "Plant Roots", "630", "root hairs", "QH301", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "646809DIMR", "agricultural sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "BB/L025620/1", "rhizosheath", "phosphorus", "NE/L00237/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grain yield", "rhizoshealth", "barley", "Water", "soil texture", "Hordeum", "15. Life on land", "NA160430", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Breeding", "root traits", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Other", "plant water status", "name=Plant Science", "BB/P004180/1", "BB/L025825/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/7652/1/12050%20Naveed.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/453165/1/marinsignificance2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/453165/2/mcaa181.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa181"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/aob/mcaa181", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/aob/mcaa181", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/aob/mcaa181"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rspa.2018.0149", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-05", "title": "The effect of root exudates on rhizosphere water dynamics", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Most water and nutrients essential for plant growth travel across a thin zone of soil at the interface between roots and soil, termed the rhizosphere. Chemicals exuded by plant roots can alter the fluid properties, such as viscosity, of the water phase, potentially with impacts on plant productivity and stress tolerance. In this paper, we study the effects of plant exudates on the macroscale properties of water movement in soil. Our starting point is a microscale description of two fluid flow and exudate diffusion in a periodic geometry composed from a regular repetition of a unit cell. Using multiscale homogenization theory, we derive a coupled set of equations that describe the movement of air and water, and the diffusion of plant exudates on the macroscale. These equations are parametrized by a set of cell problems that capture the flow behaviour. The mathematical steps are validated by comparing the resulting homogenized equations to the original pore scale equations, and we show that the difference between the two models is \u22727% for eight cells. The resulting equations provide a computationally efficient method to study plant\u2013soil interactions. This will increase our ability to predict how contrasting root exudation patterns may influence crop uptake of water and nutrients.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Richards\u2019 equation", "General Mathematics", "Porous media", "General Physics and Astronomy", "630", "646809DIMR", "QD", "BB/L025620/1", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2600/2600", "name=General Engineering", "BB/J00868/1", "NE/L00237/1", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2200/2200", "Research Articles", "Homogenization", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "General Engineering", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "QD Chemistry", "name=General Mathematics", "EP/P020887/1", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "name=General Physics and Astronomy", "13. Climate action", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3100/3100", "BB/P004180/1", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423010/1/Paper_Final.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2018.0149"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0149"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20A%3A%20Mathematical%2C%20Physical%20and%20Engineering%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rspa.2018.0149", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rspa.2018.0149", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rspa.2018.0149"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rspa.2017.0178", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-22", "title": "Fluid flow in porous media using image-based modelling to parametrize Richards' equation", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The parameters in Richards' equation are usually calculated from experimentally measured values of the soil\u2013water characteristic curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The complex pore structures that often occur in porous media complicate such parametrization due to hysteresis between wetting and drying and the effects of tortuosity. Rather than estimate the parameters in Richards' equation from these indirect measurements, image-based modelling is used to investigate the relationship between the pore structure and the parameters. A three-dimensional, X-ray computed tomography image stack of a soil sample with voxel resolution of 6\u2009\u03bcm has been used to create a computational mesh. The Cahn\u2013Hilliard\u2013Stokes equations for two-fluid flow, in this case water and air, were applied to this mesh and solved using the finite-element method in COMSOL Multiphysics. The upscaled parameters in Richards' equation are then obtained via homogenization. The effect on the soil\u2013water retention curve due to three different contact angles, 0\u00b0, 20\u00b0 and 60\u00b0, was also investigated. The results show that the pore structure affects the properties of the flow on the large scale, and different contact angles can change the parameters for Richards' equation.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Richards\u2019 equation", "330", "EP/M020355/1", "QH301 Biology", "530", "QH301", "03 medical and health sciences", "porous media", "646809DIMR", "Journal Article", "BB/L025620/1", "BB/J00868/1", "NE/L00237/1", "Research Articles", "0303 health sciences", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "621", "6. Clean water", "004", "620", "3. Good health", "image-based modelling", "Richards' equation", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "BB/P004180/1", "BB/L025825/1", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4979/1/20170178.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415076/1/ImageBasedRichardsPRST.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415076/2/SupplementaryFigure.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2017.0178"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0178"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20A%3A%20Mathematical%2C%20Physical%20and%20Engineering%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rspa.2017.0178", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rspa.2017.0178", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rspa.2017.0178"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.12487", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-27", "title": "Plant exudates may stabilize or weaken soil depending on species, origin and time", "description": "Summary<p>We hypothesized that plant exudates could either gel or disperse soil depending on their chemical characteristics. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Optic) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Freya) root exudates were collected using an aerated hydroponic method and compared with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analogue. Sandy loam soil was passed through a 500\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffbcm mesh and treated with each exudate at a concentration of 4.6 mg exudate g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry soil. Two sets of soil samples were prepared. One set of treated soil samples was maintained at 4\uffc2\uffb0C to suppress microbial processes. To characterize the effect of decomposition, the second set of samples was incubated at 16\uffc2\uffb0C for 2 weeks at \uffe2\uff88\uff9230 kPa matric potential. Gas chromatography\uffe2\uff80\uff93mass spectrometry (GC\uffe2\uff80\uff93MS) analysis of the exudates showed that barley had the largest organic acid content and chia the largest content of sugars (polysaccharide\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived or free), and maize was in between barley and chia. Yield stress of amended soil samples was measured by an oscillatory strain sweep test with a cone plate rheometer. When microbial decomposition was suppressed at 4\uffc2\uffb0C, yield stress increased 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold for chia seed exudate and twofold for maize root exudate compared with the control, whereas for barley root exudate decreased to half. The yield stress after 2 weeks of incubation compared with soil with suppressed microbial decomposition increased by 85% for barley root exudate, but for chia and maize it decreased by 87 and 54%, respectively. Barley root exudation might therefore disperse soil and this could facilitate nutrient release. The maize root and chia seed exudates gelled soil, which could create a more stable soil structure around roots or seeds.</p>Highlights<p>  <p>Rheological measurements quantified physical behaviour of plant exudates and effect on soil stabilization.</p> <p>Barley root exudates dispersed soil, which could release nutrients and carbon.</p> <p>Maize root and chia seed exudates had a stabilizing effect on soil.</p> <p>Physical engineering of soil in contact with plant roots depends on the nature and origin of exudates.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["construction", "0301 basic medicine", "EP/M020355/1", "seed exudate", "QH301 Biology", "610", "root exudate", "630", "QH301", "03 medical and health sciences", "DIMR 646809", "microbial decompisition", "Physical Processes and Function", "NE/L00237/1", "2. Zero hunger", "soil gelling", "BB/J000868/1", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "yield stress", "BB/J011460/1", "BB/L026058/1", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "soil dispersion", "viscosity", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial decomposition", "yeild stress", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4980/1/Naveed_et_al-2017-European_Journal_of_Soil_Science.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/414238/1/EJSS_submitted_Manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/ejss.12487/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12487"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.12487", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.12487", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.12487"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.14705", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-31", "title": "High-resolution synchrotron imaging shows that root hairs influence rhizosphere soil structure formation", "description": "Summary<p>   <p>In this paper, we provide direct evidence of the importance of root hairs on pore structure development at the root\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interface during the early stage of crop establishment.</p>  <p>This was achieved by use of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution (c. 5\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT) to visualise both the structure of root hairs and the soil pore structure in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil microcosms. Two contrasting genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare), with and without root hairs, were grown for 8\uffc2\uffa0d in microcosms packed with sandy loam soil at 1.2\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffe2\uff88\uff923 dry bulk density. Root hairs were visualised within air\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pore spaces, but not in the fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soil regions.</p>  <p>We found that the genotype with root hairs significantly altered the porosity and connectivity of the detectable pore space (&gt;\uffc2\uffa05\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) in the rhizosphere, as compared with the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90hair mutants. Both genotypes showed decreasing pore space between 0.8 and 0.1\uffc2\uffa0mm from the root surface. Interestingly the root\uffe2\uff80\uff90hair\uffe2\uff80\uff90bearing genotype had a significantly greater soil pore volume\uffe2\uff80\uff90fraction at the root\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interface.</p>  <p>Effects of pore structure on diffusion and permeability were estimated to be functionally insignificant under saturated conditions when simulated using image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modelling.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["construction", "EP/M020355/1", "QH301 Biology", "non-invasive imaging", "Plant Roots", "630", "root hairs", "noninvasive imaging", "QH301", "Soil", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "646809DIMR", "synchrotron", "Computer Simulation", "BB/L025620/1", "BB/J00868/1", "NE/L00237/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Research", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "image-based modelling", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Rhizosphere", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rhizosphere", "soil structure", "synchroton", "Porosity", "BB/P004180/1", "Synchrotrons", "BB/L025825/1", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4981/1/Koebernick_et_al-2017-New_Phytologist.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412143/1/s1_ln2680534218582232741703867393Hwf_1771574461IdV_16951475526805342FIRST_LOOK_PDF0001.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.14705"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14705"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.14705", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.14705", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.14705"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.15516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-06", "title": "Imaging microstructure of the barley rhizosphere: particle packing and root hair influences", "description": "Summary<p>   <p>Soil adjacent to roots has distinct structural and physical properties from bulk soil, affecting water and solute acquisition by plants. Detailed knowledge on how root activity and traits such as root hairs affect the three\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensional pore structure at a fine scale is scarce and often contradictory.</p>  <p>Roots of hairless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Optic) mutant (NRH) and its wildtype (WT) parent were grown in tubes of sieved (&lt;250\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) sandy loam soil under two different water regimes. The tubes were scanned by synchrotron\uffe2\uff80\uff90based X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography to visualise pore structure at the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93root interface. Pore volume fraction and pore size distribution were analysed vs distance within 1\uffc2\uffa0mm of the root surface.</p>  <p>Less dense packing of particles at the root surface was hypothesised to cause the observed increased pore volume fraction immediately next to the epidermis. The pore size distribution was narrower due to a decreased fraction of larger pores. There were no statistically significant differences in pore structure between genotypes or moisture conditions.</p>  <p>A model is proposed that describes the variation in porosity near roots taking into account soil compaction and the surface effect at the root surface.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["name=Physiology", "STABILIZATION", "Physiology", "EP/M020355/1", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Plant Science", "Supplementary data available", "Plant Roots", "630", "noninvasive imaging", "Soil", "646809DIMR", "STRENGTH", "BB/J00868/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Rhizosphere", "COMPRESSION", "soil structure", "Porosity", "European Research Council", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1314", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "root hairs", "COMPACTION", "QH301", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "synchrotron", "particle packing", "SOIL-STRUCTURE", "BB/L025620/1", "WATER-STRESS", "NE/L00237/1", "580", "ELONGATION", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "POROSITY", "Water", "Hordeum", "15. Life on land", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Mutation", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "PENETRATION", "name=Plant Science", "rhizosphere", "Tomography", " X-Ray Computed", "MAIZE", "BB/P004180/1", "Synchrotrons", "BB/L025825/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5489/1/AS6808504337817661539338801587_content_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15516"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15516"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15516", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15516", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15516"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:21:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-15", "title": "Rhizosphere\u2010Scale Quantification of Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Soil Impacted by Root and Seed Exudates", "description": "Core Ideas<p> <p>We hypothesized that plant exudates gel soil particles and on drying enhance water repellency.</p> <p>This has been carried out using rhizosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale mechanical and hydraulic measurements.</p> <p>Plant exudates enhanced soil hardness and modulus of elasticity as chia seed &gt; maize root &gt; barley root.</p> <p>Plant exudates caused measureable decreases in soil wetting rates through water repellency.</p> </p><p>Using rhizosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale physical measurements, we tested the hypothesis that plant exudates gel together soil particles and, on drying, enhance soil water repellency. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Optic) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Freya) root exudates were compared with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analog. Sandy loam and clay loam soils were treated with root exudates at 0.46 and 4.6 mg exudate g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry soil and chia seed exudate at 0.046, 0.46, 0.92, 2.3 and 4.6 mg exudate g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry soil. Soil hardness and modulus of elasticity were measured at \uffe2\uff88\uff9210 kPa matric potential using a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm\uffe2\uff80\uff90diameter spherical indenter. The water sorptivity and repellency index of air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry soil were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer device with a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm tip radius. Soil hardness increased by 28% for barley root exudate, 62% for maize root exudate, and 86% for chia seed exudate at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, root exudates did not affect soil hardness, whereas chia seed exudate increased soil hardness by 48% at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration. Soil water repellency increased by 48% for chia seed exudate and 23% for maize root exudate but not for barley root exudate at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, chia seed exudate increased water repellency by 45%, whereas root exudates did not affect water repellency at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration. Water sorptivity and repellency were both correlated with hardness, presumably due to the combined influence of exudates on the hydrological and mechanical properties of the soils.</p", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "550", "EP/M020355/1", "seed exudate", "QH301 Biology", "551", "630", "QH301", "DIMR 646809", "GE1-350", "2. Zero hunger", "soil mechanical stability", "QE1-996.5", "BB/J000868/1", "Civil_env_eng", "name=Soil Science", "Root exudate", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "BB/J011460/1", "BB/L026058/1", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "rhizosphere-scale indenter and infiltrometer", "soil water repellency", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4977/1/vzj-17-1-170083-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415075/1/vzj2017.04.0083_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415075/2/vzj_17_1_170083_1_.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1983/ab17d5ff-3657-42df-84a6-4ab038c16f20", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-22", "title": "Which practices co\u2010deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?", "description": "Abstract<p>There is a clear need for transformative change in the land management and food production sectors to address the global land challenges of climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, combatting land degradation and desertification, and delivering food security (referred to hereafter as \uffe2\uff80\uff9cland challenges\uffe2\uff80\uff9d). We assess the potential for 40 practices to address these land challenges and find that: Nine options deliver medium to large benefits for all four land challenges. A further two options have no global estimates for adaptation, but have medium to large benefits for all other land challenges. Five options have large mitigation potential (&gt;3\uffc2\uffa0Gt CO2eq/year) without adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Five options have moderate mitigation potential, with no adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Sixteen practices have large adaptation potential (&gt;25 million people benefit), without adverse side effects on other land challenges. Most practices can be applied without competing for available land. However, seven options could result in competition for land. A large number of practices do not require dedicated land, including several land management options, all value chain options, and all risk management options. Four options could greatly increase competition for land if applied at a large scale, though the impact is scale and context specific, highlighting the need for safeguards to ensure that expansion of land for mitigation does not impact natural systems and food security. A number of practices, such as increased food productivity, dietary change and reduced food loss and waste, can reduce demand for land conversion, thereby potentially freeing\uffe2\uff80\uff90up land and creating opportunities for enhanced implementation of other practices, making them important components of portfolios of practices to address the combined land challenges.</p", "keywords": ["773901", "Invited Primary Research Article", "550", "QH301 Biology", "Acclimatization", "demand management", "TROPICAL FORESTS", "adaptation; adverse side effects; co-benefits; demand management; desertification; food security; land degradation; land management; mitigation; practice; risk management", "ECOSYSTEM SERVICES", "adaptation", "01 natural sciences", "Food Supply", "NE/M021327/1", "PRACTICE", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "776810", "LAND MANAGEMENT", "ADVERSE SIDE EFFECTS", "ADAPTATION", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "DESERTIFICATION", "land degradation", "FOOD SECURITY", "NEGATIVE EMISSIONS", "1. No poverty", "URBAN SPRAWL", "Agriculture", "desertification", "practice", "LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "LAND DEGRADATION", "LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS", "adverse side effects", "FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE", "environment", "GE Environmental Sciences", "European Research Council", "RISK MANAGEMENT", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "330", "Climate Change", "GREENHOUSE-GAS MITIGATION", "MITIGATION", "risk management", "DEMAND MANAGEMENT", "12. Responsible consumption", "EP/M013200/1", "mitigation", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "co-benefits", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "European Commission", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "ddc:550", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "land management", "food security", "15. Life on land", "Earth sciences", "CO-BENEFITS", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "13. Climate action", "adverse side-effects", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "774124", "BB/N013484/1", "SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/962658/2/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202019%20-%20Smith%20-%20Which%20practices%20co%e2%80%90deliver%20food%20security%20%20climate%20change%20mitigation%20and%20adaptation%20.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14878"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1983/ab17d5ff-3657-42df-84a6-4ab038c16f20"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1983/ab17d5ff-3657-42df-84a6-4ab038c16f20", "name": "item", "description": "1983/ab17d5ff-3657-42df-84a6-4ab038c16f20", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1983/ab17d5ff-3657-42df-84a6-4ab038c16f20"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/10082", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-15", "title": "Rhizosphere\u2010Scale Quantification of Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Soil Impacted by Root and Seed Exudates", "description": "Core Ideas                     <p>                                                                           <p>We hypothesized that plant exudates gel soil particles and on drying enhance water repellency.</p>                                                                             <p>This has been carried out using rhizosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale mechanical and hydraulic measurements.</p>                                                                             <p>Plant exudates enhanced soil hardness and modulus of elasticity as chia seed &gt; maize root &gt; barley root.</p>                                                                             <p>Plant exudates caused measureable decreases in soil wetting rates through water repellency.</p>                                                                     </p>                     <p>                       Using rhizosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale physical measurements, we tested the hypothesis that plant exudates gel together soil particles and, on drying, enhance soil water repellency. Barley (                       Hordeum vulgare                       L. cv. Optic) and maize (                       Zea mays                       L. cv. Freya) root exudates were compared with chia (                       Salvia hispanica                       L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analog. Sandy loam and clay loam soils were treated with root exudates at 0.46 and 4.6 mg exudate g                       \uffe2\uff88\uff921                       dry soil and chia seed exudate at 0.046, 0.46, 0.92, 2.3 and 4.6 mg exudate g                       \uffe2\uff88\uff921                       dry soil. Soil hardness and modulus of elasticity were measured at \uffe2\uff88\uff9210 kPa matric potential using a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm\uffe2\uff80\uff90diameter spherical indenter. The water sorptivity and repellency index of air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry soil were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer device with a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm tip radius. Soil hardness increased by 28% for barley root exudate, 62% for maize root exudate, and 86% for chia seed exudate at 4.6 mg g                       \uffe2\uff88\uff921                       concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, root exudates did not affect soil hardness, whereas chia seed exudate increased soil hardness by 48% at 4.6 mg g                       \uffe2\uff88\uff921                       concentration. Soil water repellency increased by 48% for chia seed exudate and 23% for maize root exudate but not for barley root exudate at 4.6 mg g                       \uffe2\uff88\uff921                       concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, chia seed exudate increased water repellency by 45%, whereas root exudates did not affect water repellency at 4.6 mg g                       \uffe2\uff88\uff921                       concentration. Water sorptivity and repellency were both correlated with hardness, presumably due to the combined influence of exudates on the hydrological and mechanical properties of the soils.                     </p>", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "550", "EP/M020355/1", "seed exudate", "QH301 Biology", "551", "630", "QH301", "DIMR 646809", "GE1-350", "2. Zero hunger", "soil mechanical stability", "QE1-996.5", "BB/J000868/1", "Civil_env_eng", "name=Soil Science", "Root exudate", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "BB/J011460/1", "BB/L026058/1", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "rhizosphere-scale indenter and infiltrometer", "soil water repellency", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4977/1/vzj-17-1-170083-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415075/1/vzj2017.04.0083_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415075/2/vzj_17_1_170083_1_.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/10082"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/10082", "name": "item", "description": "2164/10082", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/10082"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/11291", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-05", "title": "The effect of root exudates on rhizosphere water dynamics", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Most water and nutrients essential for plant growth travel across a thin zone of soil at the interface between roots and soil, termed the rhizosphere. Chemicals exuded by plant roots can alter the fluid properties, such as viscosity, of the water phase, potentially with impacts on plant productivity and stress tolerance. In this paper, we study the effects of plant exudates on the macroscale properties of water movement in soil. Our starting point is a microscale description of two fluid flow and exudate diffusion in a periodic geometry composed from a regular repetition of a unit cell. Using multiscale homogenization theory, we derive a coupled set of equations that describe the movement of air and water, and the diffusion of plant exudates on the macroscale. These equations are parametrized by a set of cell problems that capture the flow behaviour. The mathematical steps are validated by comparing the resulting homogenized equations to the original pore scale equations, and we show that the difference between the two models is \u22727% for eight cells. The resulting equations provide a computationally efficient method to study plant\u2013soil interactions. This will increase our ability to predict how contrasting root exudation patterns may influence crop uptake of water and nutrients.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Richards\u2019 equation", "Hydrology", " hydrography", " oceanography", "General Mathematics", "Porous media", "homogenization", "General Physics and Astronomy", "630", "porous media", "646809DIMR", "QD", "BB/L025620/1", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2600/2600", "name=General Engineering", "BB/J00868/1", "NE/L00237/1", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2200/2200", "Research Articles", "Homogenization", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Flows in porous media; filtration; seepage", "General Engineering", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "QD Chemistry", "name=General Mathematics", "EP/P020887/1", "Richards' equation", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "name=General Physics and Astronomy", "13. Climate action", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3100/3100", "BB/P004180/1", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423010/1/Paper_Final.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2018.0149"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/11291"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20A%3A%20Mathematical%2C%20Physical%20and%20Engineering%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/11291", "name": "item", "description": "2164/11291", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/11291"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/11863", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-01", "title": "Surface tension, rheology and hydrophobicity of rhizodeposits and seed mucilage influence soil water retention and hysteresis", "description": "Rhizodeposits collected from hydroponic solutions with roots of maize and barley, and seed mucilage washed from chia, were added to soil to measure their impact on water retention and hysteresis in a sandy loam soil at a range of concentrations. We test the hypothesis that the effect of plant exudates and mucilages on hydraulic properties of soils depends on their physicochemical characteristics and origin.Surface tension and viscosity of the exudate solutions were measured using the Du No\u00fcy ring method and a cone-plate rheometer, respectively. The contact angle of water on exudate treated soil was measured with the sessile drop method. Water retention and hysteresis were measured by equilibrating soil samples, treated with exudates and mucilages at 0.46 and 4.6\u00a0mg\u00a0g-1 concentration, on dialysis tubing filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution of known osmotic potential.Surface tension decreased and viscosity increased with increasing concentration of the exudates and mucilage in solutions. Change in surface tension and viscosity was greatest for chia seed exudate and least for barley root exudate. Contact angle increased with increasing maize root and chia seed exudate concentration in soil, but not barley root. Chia seed mucilage and maize root rhizodeposits enhanced soil water retention and increased hysteresis index, whereas barley root rhizodeposits decreased soil water retention and the hysteresis effect. The impact of exudates and mucilages on soil water retention almost ceased when approaching wilting point at -1500\u00a0kPa matric potential.Barley rhizodeposits behaved as surfactants, drying the rhizosphere at smaller suctions. Chia seed mucilage and maize root rhizodeposits behaved as hydrogels that hold more water in the rhizosphere, but with slower rewetting and greater hysteresis.", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "seed exudate", "FLOW", "QH301 Biology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "root exudate", "630", "QH301", "soil water retention", "ROOT", "surface tension", "DIMR 646809", "Contact angle", "contact angle", "PHOSPHOLIPID SURFACTANTS", "2. Zero hunger", "STABILITY", "BB/J000868/1", "Surface tension", "Civil_env_eng", "Viscosity", "Hysteresis", "name=Soil Science", "Root exudate", "RHIZOSPHERE HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES", "EXUDATION", "Regular Article", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "540", "Soil water retention", "6. Clean water", "Seed exudate", "BB/J011460/1", "hysteresis", "BB/L026058/1", "viscosity", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "name=Plant Science", "MAIZE", "BB/P004180/1", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5787/1/Naveed2019_Article_SurfaceTensionRheologyAndHydro.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428238/1/Naveed2019_Article_SurfaceTensionRheologyAndHydro.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/11863"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/11863", "name": "item", "description": "2164/11863", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/11863"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/11950", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-06", "title": "Imaging microstructure of the barley rhizosphere: particle packing and root hair influences", "description": "Summary<p>   <p>Soil adjacent to roots has distinct structural and physical properties from bulk soil, affecting water and solute acquisition by plants. Detailed knowledge on how root activity and traits such as root hairs affect the three\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensional pore structure at a fine scale is scarce and often contradictory.</p>  <p>Roots of hairless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Optic) mutant (NRH) and its wildtype (WT) parent were grown in tubes of sieved (&lt;250\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) sandy loam soil under two different water regimes. The tubes were scanned by synchrotron\uffe2\uff80\uff90based X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography to visualise pore structure at the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93root interface. Pore volume fraction and pore size distribution were analysed vs distance within 1\uffc2\uffa0mm of the root surface.</p>  <p>Less dense packing of particles at the root surface was hypothesised to cause the observed increased pore volume fraction immediately next to the epidermis. The pore size distribution was narrower due to a decreased fraction of larger pores. There were no statistically significant differences in pore structure between genotypes or moisture conditions.</p>  <p>A model is proposed that describes the variation in porosity near roots taking into account soil compaction and the surface effect at the root surface.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["name=Physiology", "STABILIZATION", "Physiology", "EP/M020355/1", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Plant Science", "Supplementary data available", "Plant Roots", "630", "noninvasive imaging", "Soil", "646809DIMR", "STRENGTH", "BB/J00868/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Rhizosphere", "COMPRESSION", "soil structure", "Porosity", "European Research Council", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1314", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "root hairs", "COMPACTION", "QH301", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "synchrotron", "particle packing", "SOIL-STRUCTURE", "BB/L025620/1", "WATER-STRESS", "NE/L00237/1", "580", "ELONGATION", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "POROSITY", "Water", "Hordeum", "15. Life on land", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Mutation", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "PENETRATION", "name=Plant Science", "rhizosphere", "Tomography", " X-Ray Computed", "MAIZE", "BB/P004180/1", "Synchrotrons", "BB/L025825/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5489/1/AS6808504337817661539338801587_content_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15516"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/11950"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/11950", "name": "item", "description": "2164/11950", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/11950"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/13582", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-06", "title": "Significance of root hairs at the field scale \u2013 modelling root water and phosphorus uptake under different field conditions", "description": "Abstract                                Background and aims                 <p>Root hairs play a significant role in phosphorus (P) extraction at the pore scale. However, their importance at the field scale remains poorly understood.</p>                                Methods                 <p>This study uses a continuum model to explore the impact of root hairs on the large-scale uptake of P, comparing root hair influence under different agricultural scenarios. High vs low and constant vs decaying P concentrations down the soil profile are considered, along with early vs late precipitation scenarios.</p>                                Results                 <p>Simulation results suggest root hairs accounted for 50% of total P uptake by plants. Furthermore, a delayed initiation time of precipitation potentially limits the P uptake rate by over 50% depending on the growth period. Despite the large differences in the uptake rate, changes in the soil P concentration in the domain due to root solute uptake remains marginal when considering a single growth season. However, over the duration of 6\uffc2\uffa0years, simulation results showed that noticeable differences arise over time.</p>                                Conclusion                 <p>Root hairs are critical to P capture, with uptake efficiency potentially enhanced by coordinating irrigation with P application during earlier growth stages of crops.</p>", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "550", "EP/M020355/1", "ERC 646809 DIMR", "QH301 Biology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Soil Science", "A. B", "Field", "610", "Plant Science", "01 natural sciences", "NERC NE/L00237/1", "QH301", "Soil", "Plant roots", "Root hairs", "BBSRC SARIC BB/P004180/", "2. Zero hunger", "BBSRC SARISA BB/L025620/1. S. D.", "Mathematical modelling", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "name=Soil Science", "Water", "Phosphorus", "Regular Article", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Rhizosphere", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "name=Plant Science", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/434043/1/Manuscript_No_Tracked_Changes.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-019-04308-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/13582"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/13582", "name": "item", "description": "2164/13582", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/13582"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/17159", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-07", "title": "Significance of root hairs for plant performance under contrasting field conditions and water deficit", "description": "AbstractBackground and Aims<p>Previous laboratory studies have suggested selection for root hair traits in future crop breeding to improve resource use efficiency and stress tolerance. However, data on the interplay between root hairs and open-field systems, under contrasting soils and climate conditions, are limited. As such, this study aims to experimentally elucidate some of the impacts that root hairs have on plant performance on a field scale.</p>Methods<p>A field experiment was set up in Scotland for two consecutive years, under contrasting climate conditions and different soil textures (i.e. clay loam vs. sandy loam). Five barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes exhibiting variation in root hair length and density were used in the study. Root hair length, density and rhizosheath weight were measured at several growth stages, as well as shoot biomass, plant water status, shoot phosphorus (P) accumulation and grain yield.</p>Key Results<p>Measurements of root hair density, length and its correlation with rhizosheath weight highlighted trait robustness in the field under variable environmental conditions, although significant variations were found between soil textures as the growing season progressed. Root hairs did not confer a notable advantage to barley under optimal conditions, but under soil water deficit root hairs enhanced plant water status and stress tolerance resulting in a less negative leaf water potential and lower leaf abscisic acid concentration, while promoting shoot P accumulation. Furthermore, the presence of root hairs did not decrease yield under optimal conditions, while root hairs enhanced yield stability under drought.</p>Conclusions<p>Selecting for beneficial root hair traits can enhance yield stability without diminishing yield potential, overcoming the breeder\uffe2\uff80\uff99s dilemma of trying to simultaneously enhance both productivity and resilience. Therefore, the maintenance or enhancement of root hairs can represent a key trait for breeding the next generation of crops for improved drought tolerance in relation to climate change.</p", "keywords": ["construction", "0301 basic medicine", "EP/M020355/1", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "drought tolerance", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "610", "Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services (RESAS)", "Plant Roots", "630", "root hairs", "QH301", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "646809DIMR", "agricultural sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "BB/L025620/1", "rhizosheath", "phosphorus", "NE/L00237/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grain yield", "rhizoshealth", "barley", "Water", "soil texture", "Hordeum", "15. Life on land", "NA160430", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Breeding", "root traits", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Other", "plant water status", "name=Plant Science", "BB/P004180/1", "BB/L025825/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/7652/1/12050%20Naveed.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/453165/1/marinsignificance2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/453165/2/mcaa181.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/17159"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/17159", "name": "item", "description": "2164/17159", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/17159"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/19435", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-17", "title": "Structure and function of the soil microbiome underlying N2O emissions from global wetlands", "description": "Abstract<p>Wetland soils are the greatest source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a critical greenhouse gas and ozone depleter released by microbes. Yet, microbial players and processes underlying the N2O emissions from wetland soils are poorly understood. Using in situ N2O measurements and by determining the structure and potential functional of microbial communities in 645 wetland soil samples globally, we examined the potential role of archaea, bacteria, and fungi in nitrogen (N) cycling and N2O emissions. We show that N2O emissions are higher in drained and warm wetland soils, and are correlated with functional diversity of microbes. We further provide evidence that despite their much lower abundance compared to bacteria, nitrifying archaeal abundance is a key factor explaining N2O emissions from wetland soils globally. Our data suggest that ongoing global warming and intensifying environmental change may boost archaeal nitrifiers, collectively transforming wetland soils to a greater source of N2O.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "571", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Science", "General Biochemistry", "Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Nitrous Oxide", "General Physics and Astronomy", "Soil Science", "551", "852993", "Article", "DH150187", "QH301", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "948219", "General", "Soil Microbiology", "0303 health sciences", "Microbiota", "Q", "General Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "BBS/e/F/000Pr10355", "13. Climate action", "BB/r012490/1", "Wetlands", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Other", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/27540/1/bahram-m-et-al-220412.pdf"}, {"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/84269/1/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29161-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/19435"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/19435", "name": "item", "description": "2164/19435", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/19435"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/19751", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-11", "title": "Impact of root hairs on microscale soil physical properties in the field", "description": "Abstract                  Aims                 <p>Recent laboratory studies revealed that root hairs may alter soil physical behaviour, influencing soil porosity and water retention on the small scale. However, the results are not consistent, and it is not known if structural changes at the small-scale have impacts at larger scales. Therefore, we evaluated the potential effects of root hairs on soil hydro-mechanical properties in the field using rhizosphere-scale physical measurements.</p>                                Methods                 <p>Changes in soil water retention properties as well as mechanical and hydraulic characteristics were monitored in both silt loam and sandy loam soils. Measurements were taken from plant establishment to harvesting in field trials, comparing three barley genotypes representing distinct phenotypic categories in relation to root hair length. Soil hardness and elasticity were measured using a 3-mm-diameter spherical indenter, while water sorptivity and repellency were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer with a 0.4-mm tip radius.</p>                                Results                 <p>Over the growing season, plants induced changes in the soil water retention properties, with the plant available water increasing by 21%. Both soil hardness (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.031) and elasticity (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.048) decreased significantly in the presence of root hairs in silt loam soil, by 50% and 36%, respectively. Root hairs also led to significantly smaller water repellency (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.007) in sandy loam soil vegetated with the hairy genotype (-49%) compared to the hairless mutant.</p>                                Conclusions                 <p>Breeding of cash crops for improved soil conditions could be achieved by selecting root phenotypes that ameliorate soil physical properties and therefore contribute to increased soil health.</p>", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "0106 biological sciences", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Soil Science", "Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services (RESAS)", "Plant Science", "01 natural sciences", "630", "QH301", "BBSRC BB/L025825/1", "Barley", "Soil health", "Soil structure", "Root hairs", "Soil hydromechanical properties", "BB/L025620/1", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "name=Soil Science", "ERCDMR-646809", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil water retention", "BBSRC BB/J00868/1", "6. Clean water", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Other", "name=Plant Science", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/484590/2/s11104_022_05530_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/19751"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/19751", "name": "item", "description": "2164/19751", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/19751"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/9249", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-31", "title": "High\u2010resolution synchrotron imaging shows that root hairs influence rhizosphere soil structure formation", "description": "Summary<p>   <p>In this paper, we provide direct evidence of the importance of root hairs on pore structure development at the root\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interface during the early stage of crop establishment.</p>  <p>This was achieved by use of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution (c. 5\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT) to visualise both the structure of root hairs and the soil pore structure in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil microcosms. Two contrasting genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare), with and without root hairs, were grown for 8\uffc2\uffa0d in microcosms packed with sandy loam soil at 1.2\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffe2\uff88\uff923 dry bulk density. Root hairs were visualised within air\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pore spaces, but not in the fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soil regions.</p>  <p>We found that the genotype with root hairs significantly altered the porosity and connectivity of the detectable pore space (&gt;\uffc2\uffa05\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) in the rhizosphere, as compared with the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90hair mutants. Both genotypes showed decreasing pore space between 0.8 and 0.1\uffc2\uffa0mm from the root surface. Interestingly the root\uffe2\uff80\uff90hair\uffe2\uff80\uff90bearing genotype had a significantly greater soil pore volume\uffe2\uff80\uff90fraction at the root\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interface.</p>  <p>Effects of pore structure on diffusion and permeability were estimated to be functionally insignificant under saturated conditions when simulated using image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modelling.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["construction", "EP/M020355/1", "QH301 Biology", "non-invasive imaging", "Plant Roots", "630", "root hairs", "noninvasive imaging", "QH301", "Soil", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "646809DIMR", "synchrotron", "Computer Simulation", "BB/L025620/1", "BB/J00868/1", "NE/L00237/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Research", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "image-based modelling", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Rhizosphere", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rhizosphere", "soil structure", "synchroton", "Porosity", "BB/P004180/1", "Synchrotrons", "BB/L025825/1", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4981/1/Koebernick_et_al-2017-New_Phytologist.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412143/1/s1_ln2680534218582232741703867393Hwf_1771574461IdV_16951475526805342FIRST_LOOK_PDF0001.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.14705"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/9249"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/9249", "name": "item", "description": "2164/9249", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/9249"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/9551", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-27", "title": "Plant exudates may stabilize or weaken soil depending on species, origin and time", "description": "Summary                                                             <p>                       We hypothesized that plant exudates could either gel or disperse soil depending on their chemical characteristics. Barley (                       Hordeum vulgare                       L. cv. Optic) and maize (                       Zea mays                       L. cv. Freya) root exudates were collected using an aerated hydroponic method and compared with chia (                       Salvia hispanica                       L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analogue. Sandy loam soil was passed through a 500                       \uffe2\uff80\uff90                       \uffce\uffbcm mesh and treated with each exudate at a concentration of 4.6 mg exudate g                       \uffe2\uff88\uff921                       dry soil. Two sets of soil samples were prepared. One set of treated soil samples was maintained at 4\uffc2\uffb0C to suppress microbial processes. To characterize the effect of decomposition, the second set of samples was incubated at 16\uffc2\uffb0C for 2 weeks at \uffe2\uff88\uff9230 kPa matric potential. Gas chromatography\uffe2\uff80\uff93mass spectrometry (                       GC                       \uffe2\uff80\uff93                       MS                       ) analysis of the exudates showed that barley had the largest organic acid content and chia the largest content of sugars (polysaccharide\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived or free), and maize was in between barley and chia. Yield stress of amended soil samples was measured by an oscillatory strain sweep test with a cone plate rheometer. When microbial decomposition was suppressed at 4\uffc2\uffb0C, yield stress increased 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold for chia seed exudate and twofold for maize root exudate compared with the control, whereas for barley root exudate decreased to half. The yield stress after 2 weeks of incubation compared with soil with suppressed microbial decomposition increased by 85% for barley root exudate, but for chia and maize it decreased by 87 and 54%, respectively. Barley root exudation might therefore disperse soil and this could facilitate nutrient release. The maize root and chia seed exudates gelled soil, which could create a more stable soil structure around roots or seeds.                     </p>                                                           Highlights                     <p>                                                                           <p>Rheological measurements quantified physical behaviour of plant exudates and effect on soil stabilization.</p>                                                                             <p>Barley root exudates dispersed soil, which could release nutrients and carbon.</p>                                                                             <p>Maize root and chia seed exudates had a stabilizing effect on soil.</p>                                                                             <p>Physical engineering of soil in contact with plant roots depends on the nature and origin of exudates.</p>                                                                     </p>", "keywords": ["construction", "0301 basic medicine", "EP/M020355/1", "seed exudate", "QH301 Biology", "610", "root exudate", "630", "QH301", "03 medical and health sciences", "DIMR 646809", "microbial decompisition", "Physical Processes and Function", "NE/L00237/1", "2. Zero hunger", "soil gelling", "BB/J000868/1", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "yield stress", "BB/J011460/1", "BB/L026058/1", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "soil dispersion", "viscosity", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial decomposition", "yeild stress", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4980/1/Naveed_et_al-2017-European_Journal_of_Soil_Science.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/414238/1/EJSS_submitted_Manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/ejss.12487/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/9551"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/9551", "name": "item", "description": "2164/9551", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/9551"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/9808", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-22", "title": "Fluid flow in porous media using image-based modelling to parametrize Richards' equation", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The parameters in Richards' equation are usually calculated from experimentally measured values of the soil\u2013water characteristic curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The complex pore structures that often occur in porous media complicate such parametrization due to hysteresis between wetting and drying and the effects of tortuosity. Rather than estimate the parameters in Richards' equation from these indirect measurements, image-based modelling is used to investigate the relationship between the pore structure and the parameters. A three-dimensional, X-ray computed tomography image stack of a soil sample with voxel resolution of 6\u2009\u03bcm has been used to create a computational mesh. The Cahn\u2013Hilliard\u2013Stokes equations for two-fluid flow, in this case water and air, were applied to this mesh and solved using the finite-element method in COMSOL Multiphysics. The upscaled parameters in Richards' equation are then obtained via homogenization. The effect on the soil\u2013water retention curve due to three different contact angles, 0\u00b0, 20\u00b0 and 60\u00b0, was also investigated. The results show that the pore structure affects the properties of the flow on the large scale, and different contact angles can change the parameters for Richards' equation.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Richards\u2019 equation", "330", "EP/M020355/1", "QH301 Biology", "PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics", "530", "QH301", "03 medical and health sciences", "porous media", "646809DIMR", "Journal Article", "BB/L025620/1", "BB/J00868/1", "NE/L00237/1", "Research Articles", "0303 health sciences", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Flows in porous media; filtration; seepage", "621", "6. Clean water", "004", "620", "3. Good health", "image-based modelling", "Richards' equation", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "BB/P004180/1", "BB/L025825/1", "European Research Council", "Finite element methods applied to problems in fluid mechanics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4979/1/20170178.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415076/1/ImageBasedRichardsPRST.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415076/2/SupplementaryFigure.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2017.0178"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/9808"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20A%3A%20Mathematical%2C%20Physical%20and%20Engineering%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/9808", "name": "item", "description": "2164/9808", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/9808"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biotechnology+and+Biological+Sciences+Research+Council+%28BBSRC%29&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biotechnology+and+Biological+Sciences+Research+Council+%28BBSRC%29&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biotechnology+and+Biological+Sciences+Research+Council+%28BBSRC%29&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Biotechnology+and+Biological+Sciences+Research+Council+%28BBSRC%29&offset=27", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 27, "numberReturned": 27, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-24T10:35:21.525742Z"}