{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-08", "title": "Nutrient Dynamics, Microbial Growth And Weed Emergence In Biochar Amended Soil Are Influenced By Time Since Application And Reapplication Rate", "description": "Evidence suggests that in addition to sequestering carbon (C), biochar amendment can increase crop yields, improve soil quality and nutrient cycling, reduce the leaching of nutrients from soil and stimulate soil microbial activity. However, biochar application primarily benefits soils of intrinsic poor quality, thus the advantages of adding biochar to temperate agricultural soils remains controversial. In addition, there is limited information about the longer term effects of biochar application, or of increasing the rate of biochar loading to soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of biochar residency time and application rate on soil quality, crop performance, weed emergence, microbial growth and community composition in a temperate agricultural soil. We used replicated field plots with three wood biochar application rates (0, 25 and 50 t ha(-1)). Three years after biochar amendment, the plots were further split and fresh biochar added at two different rates (25 and 50 t ha(-1)) resulting in double-loaded reapplications of 25 + 25 and 50 + 50 t ha(-1). After a soil residency time of three years, there were no significant differences in soil nutrients, microbial growth, mycorrhizal colonisation or weed emergence between biochar amended and unamended soil. In contrast, the reapplication of biochar had a significant effect on soil quality, (e.g. increased PO43-, K+ and Ca2+, DOC, soil moisture, organic matter and EC), microbial growth, (e.g. decreased saprophytic fungal growth), increased mycorrhizal root colonisation and inhibition of weed emergence. Whilst biochar application is unquestionably a strategy for the sequestration of C, in this case, other benefits, e.g. improved soil nutrient levels or crop performance, seemed to be short lived. Reapplication of biochar exemplifies the transient nature of biochar-mediated benefits rather than any lasting differences in soil nutrient dynamics or microbial communities. These results emphasise the need for more long-term field studies to provide data that can meaningfully inform agronomic management decisions and climate change mitigation strategies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (Less)", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Black carbon", "Repeat biochar application", "13. Climate action", "Temperate agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Long term biochar trial", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017GB005693", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-02", "title": "Release of Black Carbon From Thawing Permafrost Estimated by Sequestration Fluxes in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Recipient", "description": "Abstract<p>Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Yet the sequestration of BC in the Arctic Ocean is poorly understood. Here we assess the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of soot BC (SBC)\uffe2\uff80\uff94the most refractory component of BC\uffe2\uff80\uff94in sediments from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), the World's largest shelf sea system. SBC concentrations in the contemporary shelf sediments range from 0.1 to 2.1\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0dw, corresponding to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9312% of total organic carbon. The 210Pb\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived fluxes of SBC (0.42\uffe2\uff80\uff9311\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) are higher or in the same range as fluxes reported for marine surface sediments closer to anthropogenic emissions. The total burial flux of SBC in the ESAS (~4,000\uffc2\uffa0Gg\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) illustrates the great importance of this Arctic shelf in marine sequestration of SBC. The radiocarbon signal of the SBC shows more depleted yet also more uniform signatures (\uffe2\uff88\uff92721 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92896\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92774\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa062\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) than of the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool (\uffe2\uff88\uff92304 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92728\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92491\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0163\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), suggesting that SBC is coming from an, on average, 5,900\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0300\uffc2\uffa0years older and more specific source than the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool. We estimate that the atmospheric BC input to the ESAS is negligible (~0.6% of the SBC burial flux). Statistical source apportionment modeling suggests that the ESAS sedimentary SBC is remobilized by thawing of two permafrost carbon (PF/C) systems: surface soil permafrost (topsoil/PF; 25\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%) and Pleistocene ice complex deposits (ICD/PF; 75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%). The SBC contribution to the total mobilized permafrost carbon (PF/C) increases with increasing distance from the coast (from 5 to 14%), indicating that the SBC is more recalcitrant than other forms of translocated PF/C. These results elucidate for the first time the key role of permafrost thaw in the transport of SBC to the Arctic Ocean. With ongoing global warming, these findings have implications for the biogeochemical carbon cycle, increasing the size of this refractory carbon pool in the Arctic Ocean.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Arctic Ocean", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017GB005693"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005693"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017GB005693", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017GB005693", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017GB005693"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017gb005693", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-02", "title": "Release of Black Carbon From Thawing Permafrost Estimated by Sequestration Fluxes in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Recipient", "description": "Abstract<p>Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Yet the sequestration of BC in the Arctic Ocean is poorly understood. Here we assess the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of soot BC (SBC)\uffe2\uff80\uff94the most refractory component of BC\uffe2\uff80\uff94in sediments from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), the World's largest shelf sea system. SBC concentrations in the contemporary shelf sediments range from 0.1 to 2.1\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0dw, corresponding to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9312% of total organic carbon. The 210Pb\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived fluxes of SBC (0.42\uffe2\uff80\uff9311\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) are higher or in the same range as fluxes reported for marine surface sediments closer to anthropogenic emissions. The total burial flux of SBC in the ESAS (~4,000\uffc2\uffa0Gg\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) illustrates the great importance of this Arctic shelf in marine sequestration of SBC. The radiocarbon signal of the SBC shows more depleted yet also more uniform signatures (\uffe2\uff88\uff92721 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92896\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92774\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa062\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) than of the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool (\uffe2\uff88\uff92304 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92728\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92491\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0163\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), suggesting that SBC is coming from an, on average, 5,900\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0300\uffc2\uffa0years older and more specific source than the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool. We estimate that the atmospheric BC input to the ESAS is negligible (~0.6% of the SBC burial flux). Statistical source apportionment modeling suggests that the ESAS sedimentary SBC is remobilized by thawing of two permafrost carbon (PF/C) systems: surface soil permafrost (topsoil/PF; 25\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%) and Pleistocene ice complex deposits (ICD/PF; 75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%). The SBC contribution to the total mobilized permafrost carbon (PF/C) increases with increasing distance from the coast (from 5 to 14%), indicating that the SBC is more recalcitrant than other forms of translocated PF/C. These results elucidate for the first time the key role of permafrost thaw in the transport of SBC to the Arctic Ocean. With ongoing global warming, these findings have implications for the biogeochemical carbon cycle, increasing the size of this refractory carbon pool in the Arctic Ocean.</p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Arctic Ocean", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017GB005693"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gb005693"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017gb005693", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017gb005693", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017gb005693"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-01", "title": "Biochar Impact On Nutrient Leaching From A Midwestern Agricultural Soil", "description": "Abstract   Application of biochar to highly weathered tropical soils has been shown to enhance soil quality and decrease leaching of nutrients. Little, however, is known about the effects of biochar applications on temperate region soils. Our objective was to quantify the impact of biochar on leaching of plant nutrients following application of swine manure to a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Repacked soil columns containing 0, 5, 10, and 20\u00a0g-biochar kg \u2212\u00a01 -soil, with and without 5\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01  of dried swine manure were leached weekly for 45\u00a0weeks. Measurements showed a significant decrease in the total amount of N, P, Mg, and Si that leached from the manure-amended columns as biochar rates increased, even though the biochar itself added substantial amounts of these nutrients to the columns. Among columns receiving manure, the 20\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01  biochar treatments reduced total N and total dissolved P leaching by 11% and 69%, respectively. By-pass flow, indicated by spikes in nutrient leaching, occurred during the first leaching event after manure application for 3 of 6 columns receiving manure with no biochar, but was not observed for any of the biochar amended columns. These laboratory results indicate that addition of biochar to a typical Midwestern agricultural soil substantially reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that soil\u2013biochar additions could be an effective management option for reducing nutrient leaching in production agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Geochemistry", "manure", "nutrient leaching", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "charcoal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laird, David, Flemming, Pierce, Wang, Baiqun, Karlen, Douglas, Horton, Robert,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-01", "title": "Impact Of Biochar Amendments On The Quality Of A Typical Midwestern Agricultural Soil", "description": "Abstract   Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20\u00a0g-biochar\u00a0kg\u2212\u00a01 soil) on the quality of a Clarion soil (Mesic Typic Hapludolls), collected (0\u201315\u00a0cm) in Boone County, Iowa. Repacked soil columns were incubated for 500\u00a0days at 25\u00a0\u00b0C and 80% relative humidity. On week 12, 5\u00a0g of dried and ground swine manure was incorporated into the upper 3\u00a0cm of soil for half of the columns. Once each week, all columns were leached with 200\u00a0mL of 0.001\u00a0M CaCl2. Soil bulk density increased with time for all columns and was significantly lower for biochar amended soils relative to the un-amended soils. The biochar amended soils retained more water at gravity drained equilibrium (up to 15%), had greater water retention at \u2212\u00a01 and \u22125\u00a0bars soil water matric potential, (13 and 10% greater, respectively), larger specific surface areas (up to 18%), higher cation exchange capacities (up to 20%), and pH values (up to 1 pH unit) relative to the un-amended controls. No effect of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity was detected. The biochar amendments significantly increased total N (up to 7%), organic C (up to 69%), and Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg and Ca but had no effect on Mehlich III extractable S, Cu, and Zn. The results indicate that biochar amendments have the potential to substantially improve the quality and fertility status of Midwestern agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "630", "333", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Black carbon", "Geochemistry", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laird, David, Fleming, Pierce, Davis, Dedrick, Horton, Robert, Karlen, Douglas, Wang, Baiqun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-24", "title": "Black Carbon And Black Nitrogen Storage Under Long-Term Paddy And Non-Paddy Management In Major Reference Soil Groups", "description": "Crop-residue burning and frequent paddy-soil flooding can lead to a substantial accumulation of black carbon (BC), thus contributing to long-term C sequestration. There is evidence that the turnover of BC in soils also depends on the soil mineral assembly. We studied the effects of paddy and non-paddy soil management and different major reference soil groups on BC storage. We hypothesized that overall BC storage in soil relates to paddy management and the abundance of reactive mineral phases such as Fe and Al oxides, and clay-sized minerals. Parallel to BC, black nitrogen (BN) should accumulate in soil.    Paddy and non-paddy soils were sampled in three different climate zones (tropical, subtropical, and temperate). The soil profiles comprised six replicates of Andosols, Alisols and Vertisols from Java (Indonesia), and Alisols and Cambisols from China, as well as one Fluvisol and Gleysol from Northern Italy.    Samples were taken by horizon down to >\u00a01\u00a0m depth and analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC) and BC. The latter was analyzed by oxidation to benzene polycarboxylic acids. Abundance of BN (as aromatic N) was estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses of selected topsoil horizons.    In topsoils BC vs. SOC accumulation was affected by management for Andosol, Alisols in China, and Vertisols. However, both flooding and crop-residue management seemed to control this. BC contents relative to SOC also differed between the reference soil groups, independent of management (p\u00a0<\u00a00.0001), yet were surprisingly constant within replicates. We conclude that BC co-accumulated with SOC in all soils. However, the overall storage of BC (1\u00a0m depth) was affected by a combination of soil group and management. Vertisols contained the largest BC stocks (17\u201319\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 in non-paddy and paddy fields), followed by Andosols and Alisols (6\u201310\u00a0t\u00a0BC\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 under paddy management; 3\u20138\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 under non-paddy management). The Gleysol and Fluvisol had the smallest BC stocks, independent of soil use (3\u20134\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01).    Aromatic N proportions increased to >\u00a050% of total N after combustion of rice straw. However, aromatic N was barely, or not detectable in soil, and there was no correlation to BC. We conclude that burned crop residues were not a major source for aromatic N in soil. BC and aromatic N showed no distinct relations to soil properties, such as the abundance of clay-sized minerals, and Al and Fe oxides. Differences in BC stocks between the soils were most pronounced in the subsoils, likely caused by physical processes, such as swelling and shrinking of clays and/or translocation by leaching. Climate and regional soil-adjusted management also affected BC accumulation, but this first snapshot indicates that global BC maps may be linked to global soil maps.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Aluminum oxides; Black carbon; Black nitrogen; C sequestration; Clay-size fraction; Iron oxides; Soil Science", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1607391/2/Geoderma_284_214_postprint_4aperto.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.090", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-24", "title": "Microbial Utilisation Of Biochar-Derived Carbon", "description": "Whilst largely considered an inert material, biochar has been documented to contain a small yet significant fraction of microbially available labile organic carbon (C). Biochar addition to soil has also been reported to alter soil microbial community structure, and to both stimulate and retard the decomposition of native soil organic matter (SOM). We conducted a short-term incubation experiment using two (13)C-labelled biochars produced from wheat or eucalypt shoots, which were incorporated in an aridic arenosol to examine the fate of the labile fraction of biochar-C through the microbial community. This was achieved using compound specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). A proportion of the biologically-available fraction of both biochars was rapidly (within three days) utilised by gram positive bacteria. There was a sharp peak in CO2 evolution shortly after biochar addition, resulting from rapid turnover of labile C components in biochars and through positive priming of native SOM. Our results demonstrate that this CO2 evolution was at least partially microbially mediated, and that biochar application to soil can cause significant and rapid changes in the soil microbial community; likely due to addition of labile C and increases in soil pH.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Carbon Sequestration", "Chromatography", " Gas", "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "550", "short term", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "growth", "black carbon", "Char", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Mass Spectrometry", "c 13 plfa", "Black carbon", "soil organic matter", "Soil Pollutants", "mineralization", "Organic carbon", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "char", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "decomposition", "wheat straw", "biomass", "organic carbon", "Fatty Acids", "Western Australia", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "540", "pyrolysis", "forest soil", "carbon sequestration", "Carbon", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Charcoal", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "community structure", "\u00b9\u00b3C-PLFA", "Pyrolysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.090"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.090", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.090", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.090"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2022gb007489", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-09", "title": "Mineral Soils Are an Important Intermediate Storage Pool of Black Carbon in Fennoscandian Boreal Forests", "description": "Abstract<p>Approximately 40% of earth's carbon (C) stored in land vegetation and soil is within the boreal region. This large C pool is subjected to substantial removals and transformations during periodic wildfire. Fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90altered C, commonly known as pyrogenic carbon (PyC), plays a significant role in forest ecosystem functioning and composes a considerable fraction of C transport to limnic and oceanic sediments. While PyC stores are beginning to be quantified globally, knowledge is lacking regarding the drivers of their production and transport across ecosystems. This study used the chemo\uffe2\uff80\uff90thermal oxidation at 375\uffc2\uffb0C (CTO\uffe2\uff80\uff90375) method to isolate a particularly refractory subset of PyC compounds, here called black carbon (BC), finding an average increase of 11.6\uffc2\uffa0g BC m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 at 1\uffc2\uffa0year postfire in 50 separate wildfires occurring in Sweden during 2018. These increases could not be linked to proposed drivers, however BC storage in 50 additional nearby unburnt soils related strongly to soil mass while its proportion of the larger C pool related negatively to soil C:N. Fire approximately doubled BC stocks in the mineral layer but had no significant effect on BC in the organic layer where it was likely produced. Suppressed decomposition rates and low heating during fire in mineral subsoil relative to upper layers suggests potential removals of the doubled mineral layer BC are more likely transported out of the soil system than degraded in situ. Therefore, mineral soils are suggested to be an important storage pool for BC that can buffer short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (production in fire) and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90ecosystem transport) BC cycling.</p", "keywords": ["Ekologi", "Ecology", "mineral soil", "Soil Science", "Geokemi", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "Markvetenskap", "01 natural sciences", "pyrogenic carbon", "fire severity", "Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "carbon cycle", "boreal wildfire", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gb007489"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2022gb007489", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2022gb007489", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2022gb007489"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-04", "title": "Quantifying soil organic carbon after biochar application: how to avoid (the risk of) counting CDR twice?", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage (PyCCS), which comprises the production of biomass, its pyrolysis, and the non-oxidative use of the biochar to create carbon sinks, has been identified as a promising negative emission technology with co-benefits by improving soil properties. Using biochar as a soil additive becomes increasingly common as farmers seek methods for soil improvement and climate change adaptation. Concurrently, there is growing interest in quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) at the level of individual plots to remunerate farmers for their good agricultural practices and the resulting (temporary) carbon dioxide removal (CDR). However, methods currently applied in routine analysis quantify SOC, irrespective of its speciation or origin, and do not allow to distinguish biochar-C from SOC. As certification of PyCCS-derived CDR is already established using another quantification method (i.e., analysis of biochar-C content, tracking and registration of its application, and offsetting of carbon expenditures caused by the PyCCS process), the analysis of biochar-C as part of SOC may result in double counting of CDR. Hence, the objectives of this review are (1) to compare the physicochemical properties and the quantities of biochar and SOC fractions on a global and field/site-specific scale, (2) to evaluate the established methods of SOC and pyrogenic carbon (PyC) quantification with regard to their suitability in routine analysis, and (3) to assess whether double counting of SOC and biochar C-sinks can be avoided via analytical techniques. The methods that were found to have the potential to distinguish between non-pyrogenic and PyC in soil are either not fit for routine analysis or require calibration for different soil types, which is extremely laborious and yet to be established at a commercial scale. Moreover, the omnipresence of non-biochar PyC in soils (i.e., from forest fires or soot) that is indistinguishable from biochar-C is an additional challenge that can hardly be solved analytically. This review highlights the risks and limits of only result-based schemes for SOC certification relying on soil sampling and analysis. Carbon sink registers that unite the (spatial) data of biochar application and other forms of land-based CDR are suggested to track biochar applications and to effectively avoid double counting.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "pyrogenic carbon capture and storage", "pyrogenic carbonaceous material", "carbon sink certification", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Environmental sciences", "monitoring", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Climate", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/molecules27217334", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-30", "title": "Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for Black Carbon Screening of Agricultural Soils under Industrial Anthropopressure", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VIS-NIRS) is a fast and simple method increasingly used in soil science. This study aimed to investigate VIS-NIRS applicability to predict soil black carbon (BC) content and the method\u2019s suitability for rapid BC-level screening. Forty-three soil samples were collected in an agricultural area remaining under strong industrial impact. Soil texture, pH, total nitrogen (Ntot) and total carbon (Ctot), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), and BC were analyzed. Samples were divided into three classes according to BC content (low, medium, and high BC content) and scanned in the 350\u20132500 nm range. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to develop prediction models of soil properties. Partial least-square with SVM (PLS-SVM) was used to classify samples for screening purposes. Prediction models of soil properties were at best satisfactory (Ntot: R2 = 0.76, RMSECV = 0.59 g kg\u22121, RPIQ = 0.65), due to large kurtosis and data skewness. The RMSECV were large (16.86 g kg\u22121 for SOC), presumably due to the limited number of samples available and the wide data spread. Given our results, the VIS-NIRS method seems efficient for classifying soil samples from an industrialized area according to BC content level (training accuracy of 77% and validation accuracy of 81%).</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "VIS-NIR", "Spectroscopy", " Near-Infrared", "Nitrogen", "SVM", "Organic chemistry", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "Article", "Carbon", "soil organic carbon", "PLS-SVM classifier", "Soil", "QD241-441", "Soot", "black carbon; soil organic carbon; VIS-NIR; SVM; PLS-SVM classifier", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/21/7334/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/21/7334/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217334"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecules", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/molecules27217334", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/molecules27217334", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/molecules27217334"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4081/ija.2010.3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-19", "description": "The pyrolysis conversion of agricultural residues into biochar and its incorporation in agricultural soil, avoids CO2 emissions providing a safe long-term soil carbon sequestration. Furthermore, biochar application to soil seems to increase nutrient stocks in the rooting zone, to reduce nutrient leaching and to improve crop yields. This study re- ports some preliminary results obtained using biochar in two typical Italian agricultural crops. Two field experiments were made on durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) in Central Italy and maize (Zea mays L.) in Northern Italy. In both the field experiments, an increase in yields (+ 10% and + 6% in terms of grain production, respectively) was detected after a biochar application of 10 t ha-1. A further increase in grain production (+24%) was detected when biochar was added with maize residues. The biochar dose-effect curve was studied on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in a pot experiment. The highest increase of dry matter (+120%) was obtained at a biochar rate of 60 t ha-1 and above this threshold, a general reduction of biomass was observed. Results demonstrate the potential of biochar applications to improve in terms of dry matter production, while pointing out the needs for long-term field studies to better understand the effects of biochar on soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "durum wheat", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110", "sustainable agriculture", "Black carbon", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "co2; climate change", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.uniud.it/bitstream/11390/878255/1/Baronti_et_al_2010.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2010.3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Italian%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4081/ija.2010.3", "name": "item", "description": "10.4081/ija.2010.3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4081/ija.2010.3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-09", "title": "Carbonaceous material export from Siberian permafrost tracked across the Arctic Shelf using Raman spectroscopy", "description": "<p>Abstract. Warming-induced erosion of permafrost from Eastern Siberia mobilises large amounts of organic carbon and delivers it to the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). In this study Raman spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material (CM) was used to characterise, identify and track the most recalcitrant fraction of the organic load. 1463 spectra were obtained from surface sediments collected across the ESAS and automatically analysed for their Raman peaks. Spectra were classified by their peak areas and widths into Disordered, Intermediate, Mildly Graphitised and Highly Graphitised groups, and the distribution of these classes was investigated across the shelf. Disordered CM was most prevalent in a permafrost core from Kurungnakh Island, and from areas known to have high rates of coastal erosion. Sediments from outflows of the Indigirka and Kolyma rivers were generally enriched in Intermediate CM. These different sediment sources were identified and distinguished along an E-W transect using their Raman spectra, showing that sediment is not homogenised on the ESAS. Distal samples, from the ESAS slope, contained greater amounts of Highly Graphitised CM compared to the rest of the shelf, attributable to degradation or, more likely, winnowing processes offshore. The presence of all four spectral classes in distal sediments demonstrates that CM degrades much slower than lipid biomarkers and other traditional tracers of terrestrial organic matter, and shows that alongside degradation of the more labile organic matter component there is also conservative transport of carbon across the shelf toward the deep ocean. Thus, carbon cycle calculations must consider the nature as well as the amount of carbon liberated from thawing permafrost and other erosional settings.                         </p>", "keywords": ["Ocean", "River", "QE1-996.5", "550", "500", "Terrigenous Organic-Matter", "Geology", "Terrestrial", "Old Carbon", "01 natural sciences", "Sediments", "Environmental sciences", "Degradation", "13. Climate action", "Laptev Sea", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "Graphite", "GE1-350", "0405 Oceanography", "14. Life underwater", "Black Carbon", "0406 Physical Geography And Environmental Geoscience", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/12/3293/2018/tc-12-3293-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Cryosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/tc-2018-16", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-09", "title": "Carbonaceous material export from Siberian permafrost tracked across the Arctic Shelf using Raman spectroscopy", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Warming-induced erosion of permafrost from Eastern Siberia mobilises large amounts of organic carbon and delivers it to the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). In this study Raman spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material (CM) was used to characterise, identify and track the most recalcitrant fraction of the organic load. 1463 spectra were obtained from surface sediments collected across the ESAS and automatically analysed for their Raman peaks. Spectra were classified by their peak areas and widths into Disordered, Intermediate, Mildly Graphitised and Highly Graphitised groups, and the distribution of these classes was investigated across the shelf. Disordered CM was most prevalent in a permafrost core from Kurungnakh Island, and from areas known to have high rates of coastal erosion. Sediments from outflows of the Indigirka and Kolyma rivers were generally enriched in Intermediate CM. These different sediment sources were identified and distinguished along an E-W transect using their Raman spectra, showing that sediment is not homogenised on the ESAS. Distal samples, from the ESAS slope, contained greater amounts of Highly Graphitised CM compared to the rest of the shelf, attributable to degradation or, more likely, winnowing processes offshore. The presence of all four spectral classes in distal sediments demonstrates that CM degrades much slower than lipid biomarkers and other traditional tracers of terrestrial organic matter, and shows that alongside degradation of the more labile organic matter component there is also conservative transport of carbon across the shelf toward the deep ocean. Thus, carbon cycle calculations must consider the nature as well as the amount of carbon liberated from thawing permafrost and other erosional settings.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["Ocean", "River", "QE1-996.5", "550", "500", "Terrigenous Organic-Matter", "Geology", "Terrestrial", "Old Carbon", "01 natural sciences", "Sediments", "Environmental sciences", "Degradation", "13. Climate action", "Laptev Sea", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "Graphite", "GE1-350", "0405 Oceanography", "14. Life underwater", "Black Carbon", "0406 Physical Geography And Environmental Geoscience", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/12/3293/2018/tc-12-3293-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-16"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Cryosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/tc-2018-16", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/tc-2018-16", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/tc-2018-16"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1871.1/e8a2afc0-a80d-432f-8565-973192a78a4b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-02", "title": "Release of Black Carbon From Thawing Permafrost Estimated by Sequestration Fluxes in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Recipient", "description": "Abstract<p>Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Yet the sequestration of BC in the Arctic Ocean is poorly understood. Here we assess the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of soot BC (SBC)\uffe2\uff80\uff94the most refractory component of BC\uffe2\uff80\uff94in sediments from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), the World's largest shelf sea system. SBC concentrations in the contemporary shelf sediments range from 0.1 to 2.1\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0dw, corresponding to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9312% of total organic carbon. The 210Pb\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived fluxes of SBC (0.42\uffe2\uff80\uff9311\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) are higher or in the same range as fluxes reported for marine surface sediments closer to anthropogenic emissions. The total burial flux of SBC in the ESAS (~4,000\uffc2\uffa0Gg\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) illustrates the great importance of this Arctic shelf in marine sequestration of SBC. The radiocarbon signal of the SBC shows more depleted yet also more uniform signatures (\uffe2\uff88\uff92721 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92896\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92774\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa062\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) than of the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool (\uffe2\uff88\uff92304 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92728\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92491\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0163\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), suggesting that SBC is coming from an, on average, 5,900\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0300\uffc2\uffa0years older and more specific source than the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool. We estimate that the atmospheric BC input to the ESAS is negligible (~0.6% of the SBC burial flux). Statistical source apportionment modeling suggests that the ESAS sedimentary SBC is remobilized by thawing of two permafrost carbon (PF/C) systems: surface soil permafrost (topsoil/PF; 25\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%) and Pleistocene ice complex deposits (ICD/PF; 75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%). The SBC contribution to the total mobilized permafrost carbon (PF/C) increases with increasing distance from the coast (from 5 to 14%), indicating that the SBC is more recalcitrant than other forms of translocated PF/C. These results elucidate for the first time the key role of permafrost thaw in the transport of SBC to the Arctic Ocean. With ongoing global warming, these findings have implications for the biogeochemical carbon cycle, increasing the size of this refractory carbon pool in the Arctic Ocean.</p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Arctic Ocean", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017GB005693"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1871.1/e8a2afc0-a80d-432f-8565-973192a78a4b"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1871.1/e8a2afc0-a80d-432f-8565-973192a78a4b", "name": "item", "description": "1871.1/e8a2afc0-a80d-432f-8565-973192a78a4b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1871.1/e8a2afc0-a80d-432f-8565-973192a78a4b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1983/5da4f0df-4d79-4aa3-9d5e-3d013ed9c52d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-09", "title": "Carbonaceous material export from Siberian permafrost tracked across the Arctic Shelf using Raman spectroscopy", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Warming-induced erosion of permafrost from Eastern Siberia mobilises large amounts of organic carbon and delivers it to the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). In this study Raman spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material (CM) was used to characterise, identify and track the most recalcitrant fraction of the organic load. 1463 spectra were obtained from surface sediments collected across the ESAS and automatically analysed for their Raman peaks. Spectra were classified by their peak areas and widths into Disordered, Intermediate, Mildly Graphitised and Highly Graphitised groups, and the distribution of these classes was investigated across the shelf. Disordered CM was most prevalent in a permafrost core from Kurungnakh Island, and from areas known to have high rates of coastal erosion. Sediments from outflows of the Indigirka and Kolyma rivers were generally enriched in Intermediate CM. These different sediment sources were identified and distinguished along an E-W transect using their Raman spectra, showing that sediment is not homogenised on the ESAS. Distal samples, from the ESAS slope, contained greater amounts of Highly Graphitised CM compared to the rest of the shelf, attributable to degradation or, more likely, winnowing processes offshore. The presence of all four spectral classes in distal sediments demonstrates that CM degrades much slower than lipid biomarkers and other traditional tracers of terrestrial organic matter, and shows that alongside degradation of the more labile organic matter component there is also conservative transport of carbon across the shelf toward the deep ocean. Thus, carbon cycle calculations must consider the nature as well as the amount of carbon liberated from thawing permafrost and other erosional settings.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Ocean", "River", "QE1-996.5", "550", "500", "Terrigenous Organic-Matter", "Geology", "Terrestrial", "Old Carbon", "01 natural sciences", "Sediments", "Environmental sciences", "Degradation", "13. Climate action", "Laptev Sea", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "Graphite", "GE1-350", "0405 Oceanography", "14. Life underwater", "Black Carbon", "0406 Physical Geography And Environmental Geoscience", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/12/3293/2018/tc-12-3293-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1983/5da4f0df-4d79-4aa3-9d5e-3d013ed9c52d"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Cryosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1983/5da4f0df-4d79-4aa3-9d5e-3d013ed9c52d", "name": "item", "description": "1983/5da4f0df-4d79-4aa3-9d5e-3d013ed9c52d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1983/5da4f0df-4d79-4aa3-9d5e-3d013ed9c52d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2763277233", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-02", "title": "Release of Black Carbon From Thawing Permafrost Estimated by Sequestration Fluxes in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Recipient", "description": "Abstract<p>Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Yet the sequestration of BC in the Arctic Ocean is poorly understood. Here we assess the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of soot BC (SBC)\uffe2\uff80\uff94the most refractory component of BC\uffe2\uff80\uff94in sediments from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), the World's largest shelf sea system. SBC concentrations in the contemporary shelf sediments range from 0.1 to 2.1\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0dw, corresponding to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9312% of total organic carbon. The 210Pb\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived fluxes of SBC (0.42\uffe2\uff80\uff9311\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) are higher or in the same range as fluxes reported for marine surface sediments closer to anthropogenic emissions. The total burial flux of SBC in the ESAS (~4,000\uffc2\uffa0Gg\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) illustrates the great importance of this Arctic shelf in marine sequestration of SBC. The radiocarbon signal of the SBC shows more depleted yet also more uniform signatures (\uffe2\uff88\uff92721 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92896\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92774\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa062\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) than of the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool (\uffe2\uff88\uff92304 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92728\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92491\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0163\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), suggesting that SBC is coming from an, on average, 5,900\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0300\uffc2\uffa0years older and more specific source than the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool. We estimate that the atmospheric BC input to the ESAS is negligible (~0.6% of the SBC burial flux). Statistical source apportionment modeling suggests that the ESAS sedimentary SBC is remobilized by thawing of two permafrost carbon (PF/C) systems: surface soil permafrost (topsoil/PF; 25\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%) and Pleistocene ice complex deposits (ICD/PF; 75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%). The SBC contribution to the total mobilized permafrost carbon (PF/C) increases with increasing distance from the coast (from 5 to 14%), indicating that the SBC is more recalcitrant than other forms of translocated PF/C. These results elucidate for the first time the key role of permafrost thaw in the transport of SBC to the Arctic Ocean. With ongoing global warming, these findings have implications for the biogeochemical carbon cycle, increasing the size of this refractory carbon pool in the Arctic Ocean.</p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Arctic Ocean", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017GB005693"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2763277233"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2763277233", "name": "item", "description": "2763277233", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2763277233"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC9787418", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:30:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-09", "title": "Mineral Soils Are an Important Intermediate Storage Pool of Black Carbon in Fennoscandian Boreal Forests", "description": "Abstract<p>Approximately 40% of earth's carbon (C) stored in land vegetation and soil is within the boreal region. This large C pool is subjected to substantial removals and transformations during periodic wildfire. Fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90altered C, commonly known as pyrogenic carbon (PyC), plays a significant role in forest ecosystem functioning and composes a considerable fraction of C transport to limnic and oceanic sediments. While PyC stores are beginning to be quantified globally, knowledge is lacking regarding the drivers of their production and transport across ecosystems. This study used the chemo\uffe2\uff80\uff90thermal oxidation at 375\uffc2\uffb0C (CTO\uffe2\uff80\uff90375) method to isolate a particularly refractory subset of PyC compounds, here called black carbon (BC), finding an average increase of 11.6\uffc2\uffa0g BC m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 at 1\uffc2\uffa0year postfire in 50 separate wildfires occurring in Sweden during 2018. These increases could not be linked to proposed drivers, however BC storage in 50 additional nearby unburnt soils related strongly to soil mass while its proportion of the larger C pool related negatively to soil C:N. Fire approximately doubled BC stocks in the mineral layer but had no significant effect on BC in the organic layer where it was likely produced. Suppressed decomposition rates and low heating during fire in mineral subsoil relative to upper layers suggests potential removals of the doubled mineral layer BC are more likely transported out of the soil system than degraded in situ. Therefore, mineral soils are suggested to be an important storage pool for BC that can buffer short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (production in fire) and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90ecosystem transport) BC cycling.</p", "keywords": ["Ekologi", "Ecology", "mineral soil", "Soil Science", "Geokemi", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "Markvetenskap", "01 natural sciences", "pyrogenic carbon", "fire severity", "Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "carbon cycle", "boreal wildfire", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC9787418"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC9787418", "name": "item", "description": "PMC9787418", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC9787418"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Black+carbon&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Black+carbon&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Black+carbon&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Black+carbon&offset=17", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 17, "numberReturned": 17, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-16T07:43:46.872060Z"}