{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "17190727", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:27:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-27", "title": "Long-Acting Calcium Channel Blocker, Azelnidipine, Increases Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Brain and Inhibits Sympathetic Nerve Activity", "description": "Nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system inhibits sympathetic nerve activity, thereby decreasing blood pressure. It is unknown, however, whether orally administered antihypertensive treatment alters NO synthase (NOS) expression, particularly in the brain, and how changes in NOS expression affects sympathetic nerve activity. Azelnidipine, a recently developed long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, does not cause baroreflex-induced tachycardia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether antihypertensive treatment with azelnidipine alters endothelial NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), or inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in the brain, and how changes in NOS affect sympathetic nerve activity. Azelnidipine (20 mg/kg/day) or hydralazine (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail cuff method. Urinary norepinephrine excretion was measured as a marker of sympathetic nerve activity. Western blot analysis was performed to examine eNOS, nNOS, or iNOS expression levels in the brain (cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and the brain stem), heart, and aorta. The extent of blood pressure reduction was similar between the two groups. Heart rate increased in the hydralazine-treated group but did not change in the azelnidipine-treated group. Urinary norepinephrine excretion was significantly increased only in the hydralazine-treated group. Treatment with azelnidipine significantly increased eNOS expression levels in the brain, heart, and aorta, but did not alter nNOS or iNOS expression levels. Treatment with hydralazine did not change any of the NOS expression levels. These results suggest that antihypertensive treatment with azelnidipine attenuates reflex-induced sympathetic activation and enhances eNOS expression levels in the brain as well as in the heart and aorta.", "keywords": ["Male", "Dihydropyridines", "Sympathetic Nervous System", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III", "Myocardium", "Brain", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II", "Blood Pressure", "Rats", " Inbred Strains", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I", "Calcium Channel Blockers", "Rats", "3. Good health", "Enzyme Activation", "Norepinephrine", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Rats", " Inbred SHR", "Animals", "Azetidinecarboxylic Acid", "Aorta"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yoshikuni, Kimura, Yoshitaka, Hirooka, Yoji, Sagara, Kenji, Sunagawa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/17190727"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Clinical%20and%20Experimental%20Hypertension", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "17190727", "name": "item", "description": "17190727", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/17190727"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2862207", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-04", "title": "Sodium Chloride-induced Partial Inhibition In Vivo Of Alpha2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Function", "description": "Recent research has demonstrated that sodium diminishes the affinity of alpha 2-adrenoceptors for agonists in vitro. Clonidine, a highly specific agonist for alpha 2-receptors, has a transient hypertensive effect when administered parenterally. We studied in conscious anephric Wistar rats the effect of equimolar saline or mannitol solutions on the hypertensive response to clonidine administered subcutaneously in doses of 10, 100 and 1000 micrograms/kg body weight. Prior saline infusion reduced the hypertensive response to the two higher doses of clonidine by 65 and 70%, and displaced the slope of the dose-response curve downwards, but mannitol had no such effect. Pre-treatment with the alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine abolished the differences in clonidine-induced pressor response between saline-treated, mannitol-treated and control rats. On the contrary, after pre-treatment with the alpha 1-antagonist prazosin, the pressor action of clonidine was significantly reduced in the saline-infused rats compared to the other two groups. Thus the saline-induced blunting of the pressor response elicited by clonidine could be negated by prior alpha 2- but not alpha 1-blockade, indicating that sodium interfered with the stimulation of post-synaptic vascular alpha 2-adrenoceptors. These findings indicate that loading with sodium chloride attenuates the alpha 2-adrenoceptor function in vivo. Based on this, we suggest that the mechanism by which sodium excess causes a rise in blood pressure involves modification of the alpha 2-adrenoceptors.", "keywords": ["Male", "Yohimbine", "Blood Pressure", "Rats", " Inbred Strains", "Prazosin", "Receptors", " Adrenergic", " alpha", "Sodium Chloride", "Nephrectomy", "Clonidine", "Rats", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Animals", "Mannitol", "Adrenergic alpha-Agonists"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2862207"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hypertension", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2862207", "name": "item", "description": "2862207", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2862207"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1985-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "baieta.,2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:32:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> Coronary vascular and myocardial responses to selective hypoxic and/or hypercapnic carotid chemoreceptor stimulation were investigated in constantly ventilated, pentobarbital or urethan-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Bilaterally isolated carotid chemoreceptors were perfused with autologous blood of varying O2 and CO2 tensions via an extracorporeal lung circuit. Systemic gas tensions were unchanged. Effects of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation on coronary vascular resistance, left ventricular dP/dt, and strain-gauge arch output were studied at natural coronary blood flow with the chest closed and during constant-flow perfusion of the left common coronary artery with the chest open. Carotid chemoreceptor stimulation slightly increased left ventricular dP/dt and slightly decreased the strain-gauge arch output, while markedly increasing systemic pressure. Coronary blood flow increased; however, coronary vascular resistance wa.as not affected. These studies show that local carotid body stimulation increases coronary blood flow but has little effect on the myocardium. The increase in coronary blood flow results mainly from an increase in systemic arterial pressure. Thus these data provide little evidence for increased sympathetic activity of the heart during local stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptors with hypoxic and hypercapnic blood. </p>", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Carotid Body", "Blood Pressure", "Heart", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Vagotomy", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Oxygen", "Perfusion", "03 medical and health sciences", "Carotid Sinus", "Dogs", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Coronary Circulation", "Pressure", "Animals", "Ventricular Function", "Female", "Vascular Resistance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. M. Dabney, PE Parker, Ehrhart Ic, Jerry B. Scott, Weidner Wj, Francis J. Haddy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/baieta.,2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "baieta.,2017", "name": "item", "description": "baieta.,2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/baieta.,2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "li,2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:36:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> Coronary vascular and myocardial responses to selective hypoxic and/or hypercapnic carotid chemoreceptor stimulation were investigated in constantly ventilated, pentobarbital or urethan-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Bilaterally isolated carotid chemoreceptors were perfused with autologous blood of varying O2 and CO2 tensions via an extracorporeal lung circuit. Systemic gas tensions were unchanged. Effects of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation on coronary vascular resistance, left ventricular dP/dt, and strain-gauge arch output were studied at natural coronary blood flow with the chest closed and during constant-flow perfusion of the left common coronary artery with the chest open. Carotid chemoreceptor stimulation slightly increased left ventricular dP/dt and slightly decreased the strain-gauge arch output, while markedly increasing systemic pressure. Coronary blood flow increased; however, coronary vascular resistance wa.as not affected. These studies show that local carotid body stimulation increases coronary blood flow but has little effect on the myocardium. The increase in coronary blood flow results mainly from an increase in systemic arterial pressure. Thus these data provide little evidence for increased sympathetic activity of the heart during local stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptors with hypoxic and hypercapnic blood. </p>", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Carotid Body", "Blood Pressure", "Heart", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Vagotomy", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Oxygen", "Perfusion", "03 medical and health sciences", "Carotid Sinus", "Dogs", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Coronary Circulation", "Pressure", "Animals", "Ventricular Function", "Female", "Vascular Resistance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. M. Dabney, PE Parker, Ehrhart Ic, Jerry B. Scott, Weidner Wj, Francis J. Haddy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/li,2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "li,2017", "name": "item", "description": "li,2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/li,2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "liu,2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:36:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> Coronary vascular and myocardial responses to selective hypoxic and/or hypercapnic carotid chemoreceptor stimulation were investigated in constantly ventilated, pentobarbital or urethan-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Bilaterally isolated carotid chemoreceptors were perfused with autologous blood of varying O2 and CO2 tensions via an extracorporeal lung circuit. Systemic gas tensions were unchanged. Effects of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation on coronary vascular resistance, left ventricular dP/dt, and strain-gauge arch output were studied at natural coronary blood flow with the chest closed and during constant-flow perfusion of the left common coronary artery with the chest open. Carotid chemoreceptor stimulation slightly increased left ventricular dP/dt and slightly decreased the strain-gauge arch output, while markedly increasing systemic pressure. Coronary blood flow increased; however, coronary vascular resistance wa.as not affected. These studies show that local carotid body stimulation increases coronary blood flow but has little effect on the myocardium. The increase in coronary blood flow results mainly from an increase in systemic arterial pressure. Thus these data provide little evidence for increased sympathetic activity of the heart during local stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptors with hypoxic and hypercapnic blood. </p>", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Carotid Body", "Blood Pressure", "Heart", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Vagotomy", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Oxygen", "Perfusion", "03 medical and health sciences", "Carotid Sinus", "Dogs", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Coronary Circulation", "Pressure", "Animals", "Ventricular Function", "Female", "Vascular Resistance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. M. Dabney, PE Parker, Ehrhart Ic, Jerry B. Scott, Weidner Wj, Francis J. Haddy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/liu,2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "liu,2017", "name": "item", "description": "liu,2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/liu,2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "wang,2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:37:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> Coronary vascular and myocardial responses to selective hypoxic and/or hypercapnic carotid chemoreceptor stimulation were investigated in constantly ventilated, pentobarbital or urethan-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Bilaterally isolated carotid chemoreceptors were perfused with autologous blood of varying O2 and CO2 tensions via an extracorporeal lung circuit. Systemic gas tensions were unchanged. Effects of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation on coronary vascular resistance, left ventricular dP/dt, and strain-gauge arch output were studied at natural coronary blood flow with the chest closed and during constant-flow perfusion of the left common coronary artery with the chest open. Carotid chemoreceptor stimulation slightly increased left ventricular dP/dt and slightly decreased the strain-gauge arch output, while markedly increasing systemic pressure. Coronary blood flow increased; however, coronary vascular resistance wa.as not affected. These studies show that local carotid body stimulation increases coronary blood flow but has little effect on the myocardium. The increase in coronary blood flow results mainly from an increase in systemic arterial pressure. Thus these data provide little evidence for increased sympathetic activity of the heart during local stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptors with hypoxic and hypercapnic blood. </p>", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Carotid Body", "Blood Pressure", "Heart", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Vagotomy", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Oxygen", "Perfusion", "03 medical and health sciences", "Carotid Sinus", "Dogs", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Coronary Circulation", "Pressure", "Animals", "Ventricular Function", "Female", "Vascular Resistance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. M. Dabney, PE Parker, Ehrhart Ic, Jerry B. Scott, Weidner Wj, Francis J. Haddy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/wang,2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "wang,2017", "name": "item", "description": "wang,2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/wang,2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "yan,2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:37:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> Coronary vascular and myocardial responses to selective hypoxic and/or hypercapnic carotid chemoreceptor stimulation were investigated in constantly ventilated, pentobarbital or urethan-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Bilaterally isolated carotid chemoreceptors were perfused with autologous blood of varying O2 and CO2 tensions via an extracorporeal lung circuit. Systemic gas tensions were unchanged. Effects of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation on coronary vascular resistance, left ventricular dP/dt, and strain-gauge arch output were studied at natural coronary blood flow with the chest closed and during constant-flow perfusion of the left common coronary artery with the chest open. Carotid chemoreceptor stimulation slightly increased left ventricular dP/dt and slightly decreased the strain-gauge arch output, while markedly increasing systemic pressure. Coronary blood flow increased; however, coronary vascular resistance wa.as not affected. These studies show that local carotid body stimulation increases coronary blood flow but has little effect on the myocardium. The increase in coronary blood flow results mainly from an increase in systemic arterial pressure. Thus these data provide little evidence for increased sympathetic activity of the heart during local stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptors with hypoxic and hypercapnic blood. </p>", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Carotid Body", "Blood Pressure", "Heart", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Vagotomy", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Oxygen", "Perfusion", "03 medical and health sciences", "Carotid Sinus", "Dogs", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Coronary Circulation", "Pressure", "Animals", "Ventricular Function", "Female", "Vascular Resistance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. M. Dabney, PE Parker, Ehrhart Ic, Jerry B. Scott, Weidner Wj, Francis J. Haddy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/yan,2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "yan,2017", "name": "item", "description": "yan,2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/yan,2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "zhou,2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:37:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> Coronary vascular and myocardial responses to selective hypoxic and/or hypercapnic carotid chemoreceptor stimulation were investigated in constantly ventilated, pentobarbital or urethan-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Bilaterally isolated carotid chemoreceptors were perfused with autologous blood of varying O2 and CO2 tensions via an extracorporeal lung circuit. Systemic gas tensions were unchanged. Effects of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation on coronary vascular resistance, left ventricular dP/dt, and strain-gauge arch output were studied at natural coronary blood flow with the chest closed and during constant-flow perfusion of the left common coronary artery with the chest open. Carotid chemoreceptor stimulation slightly increased left ventricular dP/dt and slightly decreased the strain-gauge arch output, while markedly increasing systemic pressure. Coronary blood flow increased; however, coronary vascular resistance wa.as not affected. These studies show that local carotid body stimulation increases coronary blood flow but has little effect on the myocardium. The increase in coronary blood flow results mainly from an increase in systemic arterial pressure. Thus these data provide little evidence for increased sympathetic activity of the heart during local stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptors with hypoxic and hypercapnic blood. </p>", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Carotid Body", "Blood Pressure", "Heart", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Vagotomy", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Oxygen", "Perfusion", "03 medical and health sciences", "Carotid Sinus", "Dogs", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Coronary Circulation", "Pressure", "Animals", "Ventricular Function", "Female", "Vascular Resistance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. M. Dabney, PE Parker, Ehrhart Ic, Jerry B. Scott, Weidner Wj, Francis J. 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