{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10021-007-9043-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-02", "title": "Microbial N Turnover And N-Oxide (N2o/No/No2) Fluxes In Semi-Arid Grassland Of Inner Mongolia", "description": "Gross rates of N mineralization and nitrification, and soil\u2013atmosphere fluxes of N2O, NO and NO2 were measured at differently grazed and ungrazed steppe grassland sites in the Xilin river catchment, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China, during the 2004 and 2005 growing season. The experimental sites were a plot ungrazed since 1979 (UG79), a plot ungrazed since 1999 (UG99), a plot moderately grazed in winter (WG), and an overgrazed plot (OG), all in close vicinity to each other. Gross rates of N mineralization and nitrification determined at in situ soil moisture and soil temperature conditions were in a range of 0.5\u20134.1 mg N kg\u22121 soil dry weight day\u22121. In 2005, gross N turnover rates were significantly higher at the UG79 plot than at the UG99 plot, which in turn had significantly higher gross N turnover rates than the WG and OG plots. The WG and the OG plot were not significantly different in gross ammonification and in gross nitrification rates. Site differences in SOC content, bulk density and texture could explain only less than 15% of the observed site differences in gross N turnover rates. N2O and NO x flux rates were very low during both growing seasons. No significant differences in N trace gas fluxes were found between plots. Mean values of N2O fluxes varied between 0.39 and 1.60 \u03bcg N2O-N m\u22122 h\u22121, equivalent to 0.03\u20130.14 kg N2O-N ha\u22121 y\u22121, and were considerably lower than previously reported for the same region. NO x flux rates ranged between 0.16 and 0.48 \u03bcg NO x -N m\u22122 h\u22121, equivalent to 0.01\u20130.04 kg NO x -N ha\u22121 y\u22121, respectively. N2O fluxes were significantly correlated with soil temperature and soil moisture. The correlations, however, explained only less than 20% of the flux variance.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9043-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-007-9043-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-007-9043-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-007-9043-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-007-9104-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-16", "title": "Nutrient Addition Prompts Rapid Destabilization Of Organic Matter In An Arctic Tundra Ecosystem", "description": "Nutrient availability in the arctic is expected to increase in the next century due to accelerated decomposition associated with warming and, to a lesser extent, increased nitrogen deposition. To explore how changes in nutrient availability affect ecosystem carbon (C) cycling, we used radiocarbon to quantify changes in belowground C dynamics associated with long-term fertilization of graminoid-dominated tussock tundra at Toolik Lake, Alaska. Since 1981, yearly fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) has resulted in a shift to shrub-dominated vegetation. These combined changes have altered the quantity and quality of litter inputs, the vertical distribution and dynamics of fine roots, and the decomposition rate of soil organic C. The loss of C from the deep organic and mineral soil has more than offset the C accumulation in the litter and upper organic soil horizons. In the litter and upper organic horizons, radiocarbon measurements show that increased inputs resulted in overall C accumulation, despite being offset by increased decomposition in some soil pools. To reconcile radiocarbon observations in the deeper organic and mineral soil layers, where most of the ecosystem C loss occurred, both a decrease in input of new root material and a dramatic increase of decomposition rates in centuries-old soil C pools were required. Therefore, with future increases in nutrient availability, we may expect substantial losses of C which took centuries to accumulate.", "keywords": ["tundra", "decomposition", "Ecology", "carbon dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "radiocarbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nowinski, Nicole S, Trumbore, Susan E, Schuur, Edward AG, Mack, Michelle C, Shaver, Gaius R,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt9p9291hz/qt9p9291hz.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9104-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-007-9104-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-007-9104-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-007-9104-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-007-9107-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-19", "title": "Temperature And Microtopography Interact To Control Carbon Cycling In A High Arctic Fen", "description": "High arctic wetlands hold large stores of soil carbon (C). The fate of these C stores in a changing climate is uncertain, as rising air temperatures may differentially affect photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration (ER). In this study, open-top warming chambers were used to increase air and soil temperatures in contrasting microtopographic positions of a high arctic fen in NW Greenland. CO2 exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere was measured on 28 dates over a 3-year period. Measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index, leaf and stem growth, leaf-level gas exchange, leaf nitrogen, leaf \u03b413C, and fine root production were made to investigate the mechanisms and consequences of observed changes in CO2 exchange. Gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) increased with chamber warming in hollows, which are characterized by standing water, and in hummocks, which extend above the water table. ER, however, increased only in hummocks, such that net ecosystem exchange (NEE) increased in hollows, but did not change in hummocks with chamber warming. Complementary measurements of plant growth revealed that increases in GEP corresponded with increases in C allocation to aboveground biomass in hummocks and belowground biomass in hollows. Our results and those of several recent studies clearly demonstrate that effects of climate change on the C balance of northern wetlands will depend upon microtopography which, in turn, may be sensitive to climate change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jeffrey M. Welker, Rodney A. Chimner, Patrick F. Sullivan, Seth J. T. Arens,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9107-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-007-9107-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-007-9107-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-007-9107-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9133-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-07", "description": "The cover and abundance of Juniperus virginiana L. in the U.S. Central Plains are rapidly increasing, largely as a result of changing land-use practices that alter fire regimes in native grassland communities. Little is known about how conversion of native grasslands to Juniperus-dominated forests alters soil nutrient availability and ecosystem storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), although such land-cover changes have important implications for local ecosystem dynamics, as well as regional C and N budgets. Four replicate native grasslands and adjacent areas of recent J. virginiana encroachment were selected to assess potential changes in soil N availability, leaf-level photosynthesis, and major ecosystem C and N pools. Net N mineralization rates were assessed in situ over two years, and changes in labile soil organic pools (potential C and N mineralization rates and microbial biomass C and N) were determined. Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiencies (PNUE) were used to examine differences in instantaneous leaf-level N use in C uptake. Comparisons of ecosystem C and N stocks revealed significant C and N accrual in both plant biomass and soils in these newly established forests, without changes in labile soil N pools. There were few differences in monthly in situ net N mineralization rates, although cumulative annual net N mineralization was greater in forest soils compared to grasslands. Conversely, potential C mineralization was significantly reduced in forest soils. Encroachment by J. virginiana into grasslands results in rapid accretion of ecosystem C and N in plant and soil pools with little apparent change in N availability. Widespread increases in the cover of woody plants, like J. virginiana, in areas formerly dominated by graminoid species suggest an increasing role of expanding woodlands and forests as regional C sinks in the central U.S.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9133-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9133-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9133-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9133-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-27", "title": "Reversibility Of Soil Productivity Decline With Organic Matter Of Differing Quality Along A Degradation Gradient", "description": "In the highlands of Western Kenya, we investigated the reversibility of soil productivity decline with increasing length of continuous maize cultivation over 100\u00a0years (corresponding to decreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient contents) using organic matter additions of differing quality and stability as a function of soil texture and inorganic nitrogen (N) additions. The ability of additions of labile organic matter (green and animal manure) to improve productivity primarily by enhanced nutrient availability was contrasted with the ability of stable organic matter (biochar and sawdust) to improve productivity by enhancing SOC. Maize productivity declined by 66% during the first 35\u00a0years of continuous cropping after forest clearing. Productivity remained at a low level of 3.0\u00a0t\u00a0grain\u00a0ha-1 across the chronosequence stretching up to 105\u00a0years of continuous cultivation despite full N\u2013phosphorus (P)\u2013potassium (K) fertilization (120\u2013100\u2013100\u00a0kg ha\u22121). Application of organic resources reversed the productivity decline by increasing yields by 57\u2013167%, whereby responses to nutrient-rich green manure were 110% greater than those from nutrient-poor sawdust. Productivity at the most degraded sites (80\u2013105\u00a0years since forest clearing) increased in response to green manure to a greater extent than the yields at the least degraded sites (5\u00a0years since forest clearing), both with full N\u2013P\u2013K fertilization. Biochar additions at the most degraded sites doubled maize yield (equaling responses to green manure additions in some instances) that were not fully explained by nutrient availability, suggesting improvement of factors other than plant nutrition. There was no detectable influence of texture (soils with either 11\u201314 or 45\u201349% clay) when low quality organic matter was applied (sawdust, biochar), whereas productivity was 8, 15, and 39% greater (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) on sandier than heavier textured soils with high quality organic matter (green and animal manure) or only inorganic nutrient additions, respectively. Across the entire degradation range, organic matter additions decreased the need for additional inorganic fertilizer N irrespective of the quality of the organic matter. For low quality organic resources (biochar and sawdust), crop yields were increasingly responsive to inorganic N fertilization with increasing soil degradation. On the other hand, fertilizer N additions did not improve soil productivity when high quality organic inputs were applied. Even with the tested full N\u2013P\u2013K fertilization, adding organic matter to soil was required for restoring soil productivity and most effective in the most degraded sites through both nutrient delivery (with green manure) and improvement of SOC (with biochar).", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Chronosequence", "Sustainable agriculture", "Green manure crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Soil degradation", "Soil productivity", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biochar addition", "Clay concentration", "Agroecosystems", "Field Scale"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-007-9105-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-12", "title": "Using Light-Use And Production Efficiency Models To Predict Photosynthesis And Net Carbon Exchange During Forest Canopy Disturbance", "description": "Vegetation growth models are used with remotely sensed and meteorological data to monitor terrestrial carbon dynamics at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Many of these models are based on a light-use efficiency equation and two-component model of whole-plant growth and maintenance respiration that have been parameterized for distinct vegetation types and biomes. This study was designed to assess the robustness of these parameters for predicting interannual plant growth and carbon exchange, and more specifically to address inconsistencies that may arise during forest disturbances and the loss of canopy foliage. A model based on the MODIS MOD17 algorithm was parameterized for a mature upland hardwood forest by inverting CO2 flux tower observations during years when the canopy was not disturbed. This model was used to make predictions during a year when the canopy was 37% defoliated by forest tent caterpillars. Predictions improved after algorithms were modified to scale for the effects of diffuse radiation and loss of leaf area. Photosynthesis and respiration model parameters were found to be robust at daily and annual time scales regardless of canopy disturbance, and differences between modeled net ecosystem production and tower net ecosystem exchange were only approximately 2\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122 d\u22121 and less than 23\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121. Canopy disturbance events such as insect defoliations are common in temperate forests of North America, and failure to account for cyclical outbreaks of forest tent caterpillars in this stand could add an uncertainty of approximately 4\u201313% in long-term predictions of carbon sequestration.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9105-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-007-9105-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-007-9105-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-007-9105-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-009-9288-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-16", "title": "Soil Carbon Turnover Measurement By Physical Fractionation At A Forest-To-Pasture Chronosequence In The Brazilian Amazon", "description": "The effect of conversion from forest-to-pasture upon soil carbon stocks has been intensively discussed, but few studies focus on how this land-use change affects carbon (C) distribution across soil fractions in the Amazon basin. We investigated this in the 20\u00a0cm depth along a chronosequence of sites from native forest to three successively older pastures. We performed a physicochemical fractionation of bulk soil samples to better understand the mechanisms by which soil C is stabilized and evaluate the contribution of each C fraction to total soil C. Additionally, we used a two-pool model to estimate the mean residence time (MRT) for the slow and active pool C in each fraction. Soil C increased with conversion from forest-to-pasture in the particulate organic matter (>250\u00a0\u03bcm), microaggregate (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm), and d-clay (<2\u00a0\u03bcm) fractions. The microaggregate comprised the highest soil C content after the conversion from forest-to-pasture. The C content of the d-silt fraction decreased with time since conversion to pasture. Forest-derived C remained in all fractions with the highest concentration in the finest fractions, with the largest proportion of forest-derived soil C associated with clay minerals. Results from this work indicate that microaggregate formation is sensitive to changes in management and might serve as an indicator for management-induced soil carbon changes, and the soil C changes in the fractions are dependent on soil texture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "tropical land-use change", "soil physical fractionation", "deforestation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil carbon", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37758/1/lisb7891.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9288-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-009-9288-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-009-9288-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-009-9288-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-007-9115-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-30", "title": "Ecosystem Recovery Across A Chronosequence Of Restored Wetlands In The Platte River Valley", "description": "Wet meadows in the Platte River valley (PRV) consist of linear wetlands in mesic prairie matrix systems that have been degraded and diminished for agriculture. Restoration in this region is a widespread practice that involves land contouring and seeding native species, however ecosystem recovery following restoration has never been examined. We quantified recovery trajectories and rates of above- and belowground plant biomass, soil physical and chemical properties, and C and N pools in a chronosequence of six restored wet meadows in relation to three natural wetlands. Within each site, we sampled sloughs (deeper habitats) and adjacent margins (slightly higher elevation) for three consecutive years. Varying hydrologic regimes between habitats resulted in differential patterns in ecosystem measurements (bulk density, C mineralization) in both natural and restored wetlands. Total aboveground biomass (TAB), root biomass, root C and N storage, total soil C and N, microbial N, and extractable N increased with years restored in both margins and sloughs. The model predicted rates of increase did not differ between habitats, but elevations of linear regressions were higher in sloughs than margins for root N, total soil C, total soil N, MBN, and extractable total N (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that bulk density and soil organic matter (SOM) represent two useful, easily measured indices of ecosystem recovery, because they were correlated with many pools and fluxes of C and N. Furthermore, we conclude that most change in ecosystem structure and function during the first decade following restoration occurs in shallow soil depths, and ecosystem recovery varies with subtle differences in elevation and associated plant community structure.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sara G. Baer, Clinton K. Meyer, Matt R. Whiles,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9115-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-007-9115-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-007-9115-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-007-9115-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9141-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-11", "title": "Litter Decomposition In A California Annual Grassland: Interactions Between Photodegradation And Litter Layer Thickness", "description": "In annual grasslands that experience a mediterranean-type climate, the synchrony between plant senescence and peak solar radiation over summer results in high litter sun exposure. We examined the decomposition of both shaded and sun-exposed litter over summer and inferred the effects of photodegradation from changes in mass loss and litter chemistry. The carry-over effects of summer litter exposure on wet season decomposition were also assessed, and the attenuation of photodegradation with litter layer thickness was used to estimate the proportion of grass litter lignin susceptible to photodegradation under different treatments of a factorial global change experiment. Over summer, mass loss from grass and forb litter exposed to ambient sunlight ranged from 8% to 10%, whereas lignin decreased in grass litter by approximately 20%. After one year of decomposition, mass losses from grass leaves exposed to sunlight over summer were more than double the mass losses from summer-shaded leaves. When shade litter layer thickness was varied, mass losses over summer for all treatments were also approximately 8%; however, lignin decreased significantly only in the low shade treatments (0\u201364\u00a0g m\u22122 of shade litter). Aboveground production of annual grasses nearly quadrupled in response to the combined effects of N addition, elevated atmospheric CO2, increased precipitation and warming. The estimated proportion of grass litter lignin experiencing full photodegradation ranged from 100% under ambient conditions to 31\u201362% in plots receiving the combined global change treatments. These results reveal an important role of sun exposure over summer in accelerating litter decomposition in these grasslands and provide evidence that future changes in the quantity of litter deposition may modulate the influence of photodegradation integrated across the litter layer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9141-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9141-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9141-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9141-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-14", "title": "Soil Respiration In European Grasslands In Relation To Climate And Assimilate Supply", "description": "Soil respiration constitutes the second largest flux of carbon (C) between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study provides a synthesis of soil respiration (R(s)) in 20 European grasslands across a climatic transect, including ten meadows, eight pastures and two unmanaged grasslands. Maximum rates of R(s) (R(s(max) )), R(s) at a reference soil temperature (10\u00b0C; R(s(10) )) and annual R(s) (estimated for 13 sites) ranged from 1.9 to 15.9 \u03bcmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1), 0.3 to 5.5 \u03bcmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) and 58 to 1988 g C m(-2) y(-1), respectively. Values obtained for Central European mountain meadows are amongst the highest so far reported for any type of ecosystem. Across all sites R(s(max) ) was closely related to R(s(10) ).Assimilate supply affected R(s) at timescales from daily (but not necessarily diurnal) to annual. Reductions of assimilate supply by removal of aboveground biomass through grazing and cutting resulted in a rapid and a significant decrease of R(s). Temperature-independent seasonal fluctuations of R(s) of an intensively managed pasture were closely related to changes in leaf area index (LAI). Across sites R(s(10) ) increased with mean annual soil temperature (MAT), LAI and gross primary productivity (GPP), indicating that assimilate supply overrides potential acclimation to prevailing temperatures. Also annual R(s) was closely related to LAI and GPP. Because the latter two parameters were coupled to MAT, temperature was a suitable surrogate for deriving estimates of annual R(s) across the grasslands studied. These findings contribute to our understanding of regional patterns of soil C fluxes and highlight the importance of assimilate supply for soil CO(2) emissions at various timescales.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "leaf area index", "577", "temperature", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil CO2 efflux", "13. Climate action", "Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA", "moisture", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "gross primary productivity", "Soil CO2 efflux"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9204-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-27", "title": "Nitrogen Uptake During One Year In Subarctic Plant Functional Groups And In Microbes After Long-Term Warming And Fertilization", "description": "For the first time in an arctic long-term warming and fertilization experiment, the short-term (days) and longer-term (month and year) nitrogen (N) uptake and allocation in plants, microbes, and soil pools were studied, with 15N-labeling of an organic nitrogen form, glycine. The long-term warming and fertilization had no marked effect on soil inorganic N content, but both dissolved organic N (DON) and plant biomass did increase after fertilization. Soil microbes initially immobilized most of the added 15N, but in the following months, they lost two-thirds, while label concentration in plants increased. After a year, however, the 15N recovered in microbes was still 10-fold higher than that in the plant biomass, showing the high importance of soil microbes in nutrient retention in arctic ecosystems, irrespective of the impact of long-term warming or fertilization. The effects of the treatments on the uptake of label by deciduous shrubs and evergreens paralleled that of their N pool sizes, suggesting that their N uptake potential was unaffected by long-term warming and fertilizer addition. Mosses and herbs had high uptake potential but in fertilized plots they took up less 15N, that is, they were N saturated. The fraction of 15N in microbes tended to decrease after fertilization, but this was an effect of higher N pool dilution after 1\u00a0month and a year, and not due to lower initial uptake. Although the concentration of soil inorganic N did not change after fertilization, both increased DON and the results of the 15N label addition showed that the N availability in the ecosystem had increased. By contrast, warming had little effect on soil N pools and microbial 15N uptake, and, hence, had no detectable effects on 15N accumulation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9204-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9204-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9204-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9204-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9199-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-09", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Nitrogen Addition On Microbial Enzyme Activity In Eight Forested And Grassland Sites: Implications For Litter And Soil Organic Matter Decomposition", "description": "Long-term nitrogen (N) addition experiments have found positive, negative, and neutral effects of added N on rates of decomposition. A leading explanation for this variation is differential effects of N on the activity of microbially produced extracellular enzymes involved in decomposition. Specifically, it is hypothesized that adding N to N-limited ecosystems increases activity of cellulose degrading enzymes and decreases that of lignin degrading enzymes, and that shifts in enzyme activity in response to added N explain the decomposition response to N fertilization. We measured litter and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and microbial enzyme activity in a long-term N fertilization experiment at eight forested and grassland sites in central Minnesota, USA, to determine (1) variation among sites in enzyme activity, (2) variation in the response of enzymes, litter decomposition, and soil respiration to added N, and (3) whether changes in enzyme activity in response to added N explained variability among sites in the effect of N on litter and SOM decomposition. Site differences in pH, moisture, soil carbon, and microbial biomass explained much of the among-site variation in enzyme activity. Added N generally stimulated activities of cellulose degrading and N- and phosphorus-acquiring enzymes in litter and soil, but had no effect on lignin degrading enzyme activity. In contrast, added N generally had negative or neutral effects on litter and SOM decomposition in the same sites, with no correspondence between effects of N on enzyme activity and decomposition across sites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9199-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9199-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9199-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9199-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-009-9249-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-04", "title": "Urbanization Alters Soil Microbial Functioning In The Sonoran Desert", "description": "Cities can transform ecosystems in multiple ways, through modification of land use and land cover and through exposure to altered physical, chemical, and biological conditions characteristic of urban environments. We compared the multiple impacts of urbanization on microbial carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in ecosystems across Phoenix, Arizona, one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the USA. Land-use/land-cover change from desert to managed ecosystems altered soil microbial functioning, primarily through changes in organic matter supply. Although residential xeriscapes often feature native plants and patchy structure like deserts, spatial heterogeneity in soil biogeochemical cycling was not tightly linked to plant canopies. Grassy lawns exhibited higher nitrogen (N) and phosphorus demand by microorganisms than other landscape types, suggesting that high C quality may effectively sequester these nutrients during periods between fertilization events. Soils in native desert remnants exposed to the urban environment had higher organic matter content, but supported lower activities of extracellular peroxidase enzymes compared to outlying deserts. Experimental N enrichment of desert systems decreased peroxidase activities to a similar extent, suggesting that protected desert remnants within the city are receiving elevated N loads that are altering biogeochemical functioning. Although some microbial processes were spatially homogenized in urban desert remnants, resource islands associated with plants remain the dominant organizing factor for most soil properties. The extent to which native desert preserves within the city functionally resemble managed xeriscapes and lawns suggests that these remnant ecosystems are being \u2018domesticated\u2019 by exposure to the urban environment.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9249-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-009-9249-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-009-9249-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-009-9249-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-009-9256-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-08", "title": "Effects Of Partial Harvest On The Carbon Stores In Douglas-Fir/Western Hemlock Forests: A Simulation Study", "description": "The STANDCARB 2.0 model was used to examine the effects of partial harvest of trees within stands on forest-related carbon (C) stores in a typical Pacific Northwest Pseudotsuga/Tsuga forest. For harvest rotation intervals of 20 to 250 years the effect of completely dispersed (that is, a checkerboard) versus completely aggregated cutting patterns (that is, single blocks) was compared. The simulations indicated that forests with frequent, but partial removal of live trees can store as much C as those with complete tree harvest on less frequent intervals. Stores in forest products generally declined as the fraction of live trees harvested declined and as the interval between harvests increased. Although the proportion of total system stores in forest products increased as the frequency of harvests and proportion of trees removed increased, this did not offset the reduction in forest C stores these treatments caused. Spatial arrangement of harvest influenced tree species composition profoundly; however, the effects of aggregated versus dispersed cutting patterns on C stores were relatively small compared to the other treatments. This study indicates that there are multiple methods to increase C stores in the forest sector including either increasing the time between harvests or reducing the fraction of trees harvested during each harvest.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "James B. Domingo, Adam Moreno, Mark E. Harmon,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9256-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-009-9256-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-009-9256-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-009-9256-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-009-9265-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-18", "title": "Non-Additive Effects Of Water And Nitrogen Addition On Ecosystem Carbon Exchange In A Temperate Steppe", "description": "Changes in precipitation and nitrogen (N) deposition can influence ecosystem carbon (C) cycling and budget in terrestrial biomes, with consequent feedbacks to climate change. However, little is known about the main and interactive effects of water and N additions on net ecosystem C exchange (NEE). In a temperate steppe of northern China, a field-manipulated experiment was conducted to evaluate the responses of NEE and its components to improve N and water availability from 2005 to 2008. The results showed that both water and N additions stimulated gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and NEE. Water addition increased GEP by 17%, ER by 24%, and NEE by 11% during the experimental period, whereas N addition increased GEP by 17%, ER by 16%, and NEE by 19%. The main effects of both water and N additions changed with time, with the strongest water stimulation in the dry year and a diminishing N stimulation over time. When water and N were added in combination, there were non-additive effects of water and N on ecosystem C fluxes, which could be explained by the changes in species composition and the shifts of limiting resources from belowground (water or N) to aboveground (light). The positive water and N additions effects indicate that increasing precipitation and N deposition in the future will favor C sequestration in the temperate steppe. The non-additive effects of water and N on ecosystem C fluxes suggest that multifactor experiments are better able to capture complex interactive processes, thus improving model simulations and projections.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9265-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-009-9265-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-009-9265-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-009-9265-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2011.01.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-23", "title": "Biochar As A Strategy To Sequester Carbon And Increase Yield In Durum Wheat", "description": "Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is a climate change mitigation option since most of cultivated soils are depleted of soil organic carbon and far from saturation. The management practices, most frequently suggested to increase soil organic carbon content have variable effects depending on pedo-climatic conditions and have to be applied for a long time periods to maintain their sink capacity. Biochar (BC), a carbon rich product obtained through carbonization of biomass, can be used for carbon sequestration by applying large amounts of carbon very resistant to decomposition. The BC remains into soil for a long time and there is evidence that the BC stores atmospheric carbon from centennial, to millennial timescales. However most of the agronomic studies on BC application have been made in tropical and sub-tropical climates, while there is a substantial lack of studies at mid-latitudes and in temperate climates. This paper presents the results on an investigation of large volume application of BC (30 and 60 t ha-1) on durum wheat in the Mediterranean climate condition, showing the viability of BC application for carbon sequestration on this crop. BC application also has positive effects up to 30% on biomass production and yield, with no differences in grain nitrogen content. Moreover no significant differences between the two BC treatments were detected, suggesting that even very high BC application rates promote plant growth and are, certainly, not detrimental. The effect of the biochar on durum wheat was sustained for two consecutive seasons when BC application was not repeated in the second year.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Grain quality", "Soil amendment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Temperate climate", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil carbon sequestration", "biochar; durum wheat", "Charcoal; Grain quality; Soil amendment; Soil carbon sequestration; Temperate climate;", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2011.01.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2011.01.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2011.01.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2011.01.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-04", "title": "Sheep Grazing Decreases Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Pools In The Patagonian Steppe: Combination Of Direct And Indirect Effects", "description": "We explored the net effects of grazing on soil C and N pools in a Patagonian shrub\u2013grass steppe (temperate South America). Net effects result from the combination of direct impacts of grazing on biogeochemical characteristics of microsites with indirect effects on relative cover of vegetated and unvegetated microsites. Within five independent areas, we sampled surface soils in sites subjected to three grazing intensities: (1) ungrazed sites inside grazing exclosures, (2) moderately grazed sites adjacent to them, and (3) intensely grazed sites within the same paddock. Grazing significantly reduced soil C and N pools, although this pattern was clearest in intensely grazed sites. This net effect was due to the combination of a direct reduction of soil N content in bare soil patches, and indirect effects mediated by the increase of the cover of bare soil microsites, with lower C and N content than either grass or shrub microsites. This increase in bare soil cover was accompanied by a reduction in cover of preferred grass species and standing dead material. Finally, stable isotope signatures varied significantly among grazed and ungrazed sites, with \u03b415N and \u03b413C significantly depleted in intensely grazed sites, suggesting reduced mineralization with increased grazing intensity. In the Patagonian steppe, grazing appears to exert a negative effect on soil C and N cycles; sound management practices must incorporate the importance of species shifts within life form, and the critical role of standing dead material in maintaining soil C and N stocks and biogeochemical processes.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "ARGENTINA", "SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS", "STABLE ISOTOPES", "DESERTIFICATION", "\u039413C", "SHRUB-GRASS STEPPE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "BIOGEOCHEMISTRY", "&Delta;13C", "01 natural sciences", "LIFE FORMS", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "\u03b415N"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-009-9305-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-04", "title": "Effects Of A Hurricane Disturbance On Aboveground Forest Structure, Arbuscular Mycorrhizae And Belowground Carbon In A Restored Tropical Forest", "description": "To better understand how management and restoration practices influence the response of terrestrial ecosystems to large-scale disturbances, it is critical to study above- and belowground effects. In this study, we examined the immediate effect of a major hurricane on aboveground forest structure, arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and belowground carbon pools in experimentally thinned plots in a tropical forest. The hurricane occurred five years after a thinning treatment, when thinned plots had similar aboveground carbon stocks but different forest structure compared to control plots. Thinned plots had more large diameter (>10 cm) trees compared to the control plots, which were characterized by a higher density of small diameter (<10 cm) trees. Despite pre-hurricane differences in forest structure, there were no significant differences between treatments in changes of canopy openness or number of affected trees following the hurricane. Thinned plots had larger belowground carbon pools than the controls plots before the hurricane, and these differences remained after the hurricane despite rapid decomposition of organic matter rich in nitrogen. There were no pre-hurricane differences in AM fungal spores or total AM root colonization. The hurricane reduced AM sporulation by nearly 50% in both treatments, yet we observed a significant increase in AM root colonization after the hurricane with greater AM colonization in the thinned plots. Hurricanes have well-known visible aboveground effects, but here we showed that less visible belowground effects are influenced by forest management and may play an important role in forest recovery.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9305-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-009-9305-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-009-9305-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-009-9305-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9689-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-27", "title": "Methane Emission From Paddy Soils As Affected By Wheat Straw Returning Mode", "description": "To study influence of wheat straw returning mode on CH4 emission from paddy soils, a field experiment was conducted at Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China in 2006. Five treatments, no wheat straw applied (CK), wheat straw evenly incorporated into the topsoil (WI), wheat straw buried in ditches (WD), wheat straw strip-mulched onto the field surface (WM) and wheat straw burned in-situ (WB), were laid out in a randomized block design. Results showed that seasonal CH4 emissions ranged from 6.9 to 28.1\u00a0g CH4 m\u22122. Wheat straw incorporation significantly increased CH4 emission. No significant difference was observed between Treatments WI and WD in total CH4 emission. Compared with Treatment WI, Treatment WM reduced total CH4 emission by 32% and Treatment WB by 42%. Treatment WM was about 27% higher than Treatment CK in grain yield. Based on the findings, the best management of wheat straw prior to rice cultivation is strip-mulching wheat straw onto the field surface, which largely reduced CH4 emission from rice fields with no decrease in rice yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jing Ma, Zucong Cai, Hua Xu, Kazuyuki Yagi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9689-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9689-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9689-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9689-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-009-9292-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-30", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Water Table And Temperature Manipulations On Ecosystem Co2 Fluxes In An Alaskan Rich Fen", "description": "Peatlands store 30% of the world\u2019s terrestrial soil carbon (C) and those located at northern latitudes are expected to experience rapid climate warming. We monitored growing season carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes across a factorial design of in situ water table (control, drought, and flooded plots) and soil warming (control vs. warming via open top chambers) treatments for 2 years in a rich fen located just outside the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest in interior Alaska. The drought (lowered water table position) treatment was a weak sink or small source of atmospheric CO2 compared to the moderate atmospheric CO2 sink at our control. This change in net ecosystem exchange was due to lower gross primary production and lightsaturated photosynthesis rather than increased ecosystem respiration. The flooded (raised water table position) treatment was a greater CO2 sink in 2006 due largely to increased early season gross primary production and higher light-saturated photosynthesis. Although flooding did not have substantial effects on rates of ecosystem respiration, this water table treatment had lower maximum respiration rates and a higher temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration than the control plot. Surface soil warming increased both ecosystem respiration and gross primary production by approximately 16% compared to control (ambient temperature) plots, with no net effect on net ecosystem exchange. Results from this rich fen manipulation suggest that fast responses to drought will include reduced ecosystem C storage driven by plant stress, whereas inundation will increase ecosystem C storage by stimulating plant growth.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9292-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-009-9292-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-009-9292-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-009-9292-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-27", "title": "Size Of Precipitation Pulses Controls Nitrogen Transformation And Losses In An Arid Patagonian Ecosystem", "description": "Arid ecosystems receive precipitation pulses of different sizes that may differentially affect nitrogen (N) losses and N turnover during the growing season. We designed a rainfall manipulation experiment in the Patagonian steppe, southern Argentina, where we simulated different precipitation patterns by adding the same amount of water in evenly spaced three-small rainfall events or in one-single large rainfall event, three times during a growing season. We measured the effect of the size of rainfall pulses on N mineralization and N losses by denitrification, ammonia volatilization, and nitrate and ammonia leaching. Irrigation pulses stimulated N mineralization (P < 0.05), with small and frequent pulses showing higher responses than large pulses (P < 0.10). Irrigation effects were transient and did not result in changes in seasonal net N mineralization suggesting a long-term substrate limitation. Water pulses stimulated gaseous N losses by denitrification, with large pulses showing higher responses than small pulses (P < 0.05), but did not stimulate ammonia volatilization. Nitrate leaching also was higher after large than after small precipitation events (P < 0.05). Small events produced higher N transformations and lower N losses by denitrification and nitrate leaching than large events, which would produce higher N availability for plant growth. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme precipitation events and the proportion of large to small rainfall events. Our results suggest that these changes would result in reduced N availability and a competitive advantage for deep-rooted species that prefer nitrate over ammonia. Similarly, the ammonium:nitrate ratio might decrease because large events foster nitrate losses but not ammonium losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ammonia Volatilization", "Precipitation Pulses", "Arid Ecosystems", "Patagonian Steppe", "Nitrate Leaching", "Soil Inorganic N", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Net N Mineralization", "13. Climate action", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Nitrogen-Water Interactions", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-22", "title": "Effects Of Warming, Summer Drought, And Co2 Enrichment On Aboveground Biomass Production, Flowering Phenology, And Community Structure In An Upland Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "Future climate scenarios predict simultaneous changes in environmental conditions, but the impacts of multiple climate change drivers on ecosystem structure and function remain unclear. We used a novel experimental approach to examine the responses of an upland grassland ecosystem to the 2080 climate scenario predicted for the study area (3.5A degrees C temperature increase, 20% reduction in summer precipitation, atmospheric CO2 levels of 600 ppm) over three growing seasons. We also assessed whether patterns of grassland response to a combination of climate change treatments could be forecast by ecosystem responses to single climate change drivers. Effects of climate change on aboveground production showed considerable seasonal and interannual variation; April biomass increased in response to both warming and the simultaneous application of warming, summer drought, and CO2 enrichment, whereas October biomass responses were either non-significant or negative depending on the year. Negative impacts of summer drought on production were only observed in combination with a below-average rainfall regime, and showed lagged effects on spring biomass. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on aboveground biomass during this study. Both warming and the 2080 climate change scenario were associated with a significant advance in flowering time for the dominant grass species studied. However, flowering phenology showed no significant response to either summer drought or elevated CO2. Species diversity and equitability showed no response to climate change treatments throughout this study. Overall, our data suggest that single-factor warming experiments may provide valuable information for projections of future ecosystem changes in cool temperate grasslands.", "keywords": ["free air CO2 enrichment", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "interannual variation", "vegetation dynamics", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland productivity", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-011-9496-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-24", "description": "Production and distribution of fine roots (\u22642.0\u00a0mm diameter) are central to belowground ecological processes. This is especially true where vegetation serves as a pump to prevent saturation of soil and possible drainage of excess water into or from potentially toxic waste material stored underground or in mounds aboveground. In this study undertaken near Sydney in Australia, we determined fine root biomass and evapotranspiration (ET) on a waste disposal site restored with either a 15-year-old grass sward or plantations of mixed woody species that were either 5\u00a0years old (plantation-5) with a vigorous groundcover of pasture legumes and grasses, or 3\u00a0years old (plantation-3) with sparse groundcover. These sites were compared with nearby remnant woodland; all four were located within 0.5-km radius at the same site. Ranking of fine root biomass was in the order woodland (12.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121)\u00a0>\u00a0plantation-5 (8.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121)\u00a0>\u00a0grass (4.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121)\u00a0>\u00a0plantation-3 (1.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) and was not correlated with nutrient contents in soil or plants, but reflected the form and age of the vegetation covers. Trends in root length density (RLD) and root area index (RAI) followed those in root biomass, but the differences in RAI were larger than those in biomass amongst the vegetation covers. Annual ET in the dry year of 2009 was similar in the three woody vegetation covers (652\u2013683\u00a0mm) and was at least 15% larger than for the grass (555\u00a0mm), which experienced restrained growth in winter and periodic mowing. This resulted in drainage from the grass cover while there was no drainage from any of the woody vegetation covers. In plantation-5, root biomass, RAI and RLD were reduced in the rain shadow side of the tree rows. Similarly, the amount and depth of rooting in the groundcover were reduced close to the trees compared to midway between rows. Differences in the root variables were larger than those in ET, which suggested that more roots were produced than were needed for water uptake and/or presence of considerable amounts of necromass. We conclude that vegetation covers, such as plantation-5 consisting of widely spaced trees and a heavy groundcover containing winter-active pasture legumes, will promote year-round water-use with a reduced risk of deep rooting that could breach buried wastes. This function could be sustained through progressive thinning of trees to account for not more than 25% of the whole canopy cover; this will minimize competition for limited soil-water and thereby constrain deep rooting as vegetation ages and attains climax.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9496-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-011-9496-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-011-9496-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-011-9496-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-29", "title": "Biotic And Abiotic Changes In Ecosystem Structure Over A Shrub-Encroachment Gradient In The Southwestern Usa", "description": "In this study, we investigate changes in ecosystem structure that occur over a gradient of land-degradation in the southwestern USA, where shrubs are encroaching into native grassland. We evaluate a conceptual model which posits that the development of biotic and abiotic structural connectivity is due to ecogeomorphic feedbacks. Three hypotheses are evaluated: 1. Over the shrub-encroachment gradient, the difference in soil properties under each surface-cover type will change non-linearly, becoming increasingly different; 2. There will be a reduction in vegetation cover and an increase in vegetation-patch size that is concurrent with an increase in the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties over the shrub-encroachment gradient; and 3. Over the shrub-encroachment gradient, the range at which soil properties are autocorrelated will progressively exceed the range at which vegetation is autocorrelated. Field-based monitoring of vegetation and soil properties was carried out over a shrub-encroachment gradient at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico, USA. Results of this study show that vegetation cover decreases over the shrub-encroachment gradient, but vegetation-patch size increases, with a concurrent increase in the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties. Typically, there are significant differences in soil properties between non-vegetated and vegetated surfaces, but for grass and shrub patches, there are only significant differences for the biotic soil properties. Results suggest that it is the development of larger, well-connected, non-vegetated patches that is most important in driving the overall behavior of shrub-dominated sites. Results of this study support the hypothesis that feedbacks of functional connectivity reinforce the development of structural connectivity, which increases the resilience of the shrub-dominated state, and thus makes it harder for grasses to re-establish and reverse the vegetation change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "Ecohydrology", "Function - Land degradation.", "Structure", "910", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "Spatial autocorrelation", "Shrubland", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Turnbull, Laura, Brazier, Richard E., Wainwright, John, Bol, Roland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10310-011-0271-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-17", "title": "Soil Properties And Nitrogen Utilization Of Hinoki Cypress As Affected By Strong Thinning Under Different Climatic Conditions In The Shikoku And Kinki Districts In Japan", "description": "The effect of climate conditions and strong thinning on the soil organic layer, surface soil, and nitrogen and water utilization by plants was evaluated for hinoki cypress forests in Shikoku and Kinki districts in Japan. Thirty-five forests were selected in Kochi, Ehime, Kagawa and Kyoto prefectures. The mean annual temperate of the studied forests ranged from 9.6 to 16.3\u00b0C, and the mean annual precipitation ranged from 1,350 to 3,960\u00a0mm. Carbon and nitrogen content in the organic layer decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation. In high precipitation areas, carbon and nitrogen content in the organic layer would be lower due to rapid decomposition with low soil acidity and due to loss of litter because of heavy rainfall. Carbon and nitrogen content in the surface soil at 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth decreased with increasing mean annual temperature, but was not related to mean annual precipitation. The results indicate that loss of organic layer by raindrops in a high precipitation area causes lower nitrogen availability for plants. Strong thinning significantly reduced carbon and nitrogen content in the organic layer but did not affect nitrogen concentration and \u03b413C in leaves. These results suggest that climate conditions and strong thinning can affect carbon and nitrogen content in the organic layer and subsequent nitrogen availability in soil, but strong thinning does not appreciably affect nitrogen and water utilization by hinoki cypress.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-011-0271-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10310-011-0271-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10310-011-0271-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10310-011-0271-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9347-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-09", "title": "Simulated Nitrogen Deposition Causes A Decline Of Intra- And Extraradical Abundance Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Changes In Microbial Community Structure In Northern Hardwood Forests", "description": "Increased nitrogen (N) deposition caused by human activities has altered ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. To understand the effects of altered N availability, we measured the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the microbial community in northern hardwood forests exposed to long-term (12 years) simulated N deposition (30 kg N ha -1 y -1 ) using phospholipid", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9347-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9347-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9347-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9347-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9377-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-17", "title": "Wildfire Effects On Soil Gross Nitrogen Transformation Rates In Coniferous Forests Of Central Idaho, Usa", "description": "Forest fires often result in a series of biogeochemical processes that increase soil nitrate (NO3                         \u2212) concentrations for several years; however, the dynamic nature of inorganic nitrogen (N) cycling in the plant\u2013microbe\u2013soil complex makes it challenging to determine the direct causes of increased soil NO3                         \u2212. We measured gross inorganic N transformation rates in mineral soils 2 years after wildfires in three central Idaho coniferous forests to determine the causes of the elevated soil NO3                         \u2212. We also measured key factors that could affect the soil N processes, including temperature during soil incubation in situ, soil water content, pH and carbon (C) availability. We found no significant differences (P\u00a0=\u00a00.461) in gross nitrification rates between burned and control soils. However, microbial NO3                         \u2212 uptake rates were significantly lower (P\u00a0=\u00a00.078) in burned than control soils. The reduced consumption of NO3                         \u2212 caused slightly elevated NO3                         \u2212 concentrations in the burned soils. C availability was positively correlated with microbial NO3                         \u2212 uptake rates. Despite reduced microbial NO3                         \u2212 uptake capacity in the burned soils, soil microbes were a strong enough N sink to maintain low soil NO3                         \u2212 concentrations 2 years post fire. Soil NH4                         + concentrations between the treatments were not significantly different (P\u00a0=\u00a00.673). However, gross NH4                         + production and microbial uptake rates in burned soils were significantly lower (P\u00a0=\u00a00.028 and 0.035, respectively) than in the controls, and these rates were positively correlated with C availability. Our results imply that C availability is an important factor regulating soil N cycling of coniferous forests in the region.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9377-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9377-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9377-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9377-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fuel.2018.09.065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-24", "title": "A computational model to simulate self-heating ignition across scales, configurations, and coal origins", "description": "Abstract   Self-heating of fuel layers can trigger ignition when the temperature of the surroundings is sufficiently high. Self-heating ignition has been a hazard and safety concern in raw materials production, transportation, and storage facilities for centuries. Hot plate and oven-basket experiments are the two most used lab-scale experiments to assess the hazard of self-heating ignition. While extensive experiments have been done to study this phenomenon, modelling of the experiments is substantially lagging behind. A computational model that can accurately simulate self-heating ignition under the two experimental configurations has not been developed yet. In this study, we build such a model by coupling heat transfer, mass transfer, and chemistry using the open-source code Gpyro. Due to the accessibility of large amount of experimental data, coal is chosen as the material for model validation. A literature review of the kinetic parameters for coal samples from different origins reveals that there is a compensation effect between the activation energy and exponential factor. Combining the compensation effect with our model, we simulate 6 different experimental studies covering the two experimental configurations, a wide range of sample sizes (heights ranging from 5\u202fmm to 126\u202fmm), and various coal origins (6 countries). The model accurately predicts critical ignition temperature (Tig) for all 24 experiments with an error below 7\u202f\u00b0C. This computational model unifies for the first time the two most used self-heating ignition experiments and provides theoretical insights to understand self-ignition for different fuels under different conditions.", "keywords": ["Technology", "Engineering", " Chemical", "Energy & Fuels", "LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION", "0306 Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural)", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "Chemical", "7. Clean energy", "BIOMASS", "HOT SURFACE", "Engineering", "KINETIC-PARAMETERS", "Science & Technology", "Energy", "PYROLYSIS", "Hot plate", "THERMAL IGNITION", "DUST LAYERS", "LIGNITE", "624", "Ignition", "620", "Coal", "Self-heating", "13. Climate action", "Oven-basket", "BEHAVIOR", "SMOLDERING COMBUSTION", "0913 Mechanical Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.09.065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fuel", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fuel.2018.09.065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fuel.2018.09.065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.09.065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9391-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-21", "title": "Response Of Terrestrial Ch4 Uptake To Interactive Changes In Precipitation And Temperature Along A Climatic Gradient", "description": "We determined the response of terrestrial methane (CH4) uptake to 4\u00a0years of full-factorial manipulations of precipitation and temperature in four ecosystems along a 50\u00a0km warm and dry to cold and wet climatic gradient (desert grassland, pinyon-juniper woodland, ponderosa pine forest, and mixed conifer forest). Our goals were to determine whether ecosystem-specific, intraannual, and interactive responses to altered precipitation and warming are quantitatively important. Passive collectors and interceptors increased (+50% per event) and reduced (\u221230% per event) the quantity of precipitation delivered to experimental plant\u2013soil mesocosms, and downward transfer along the elevation gradient warmed mesocosms by 1.8\u00b0C on average. Methane uptake in the colder and wetter ecosystems along the gradient decreased with increasing precipitation, especially during the wet season. The warmer and drier ecosystems, however, responded more strongly to warming, exhibiting less CH4 uptake with increasing temperature. We found no interaction between altered precipitation and warming in any ecosystem. Soil CH4 consumption in the laboratory was a strong predictor of ecosystem differences in field CH4 consumption, but was a poor predictor of the effects of climatic change observed in the field. Based on our results, future climate scenarios that are wet and warm will cause the largest reduction in terrestrial CH4 uptake across ecosystem types.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9391-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9391-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9391-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9391-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-16", "title": "Effects Of Climate Change Drivers On Nitrous Oxide Fluxes In An Upland Temperate Grassland", "description": "Despite increasing interest in the patterns of trace gas emissions in terrestrial ecosystems, little is known about the impacts of climate change on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of the three main drivers of climate change (warming, summer drought, and elevated CO2 concentrations) on N2O fluxes from an extensively managed, upland grassland. Over a 2-year period, we monitored N2O fluxes in an in situ ecosystem manipulation experiment simulating the climate predicted for the study area in 2080 (3.5\u00b0C temperature increase, 20% reduction in summer rainfall and atmospheric CO2 levels of 600\u00a0ppm). N2O fluxes showed significant seasonal and interannual variation irrespective of climate treatment, and were higher in summer and autumn compared with winter and spring. Overall, N2O emissions showed a positive correlation with soil temperature and rainfall. Elevated temperature had a positive impact on mean annual N2O fluxes but effects were only significant in 2007. Contrary to expectations, neither combined summer drought and warming nor the simultaneous application of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, summer drought and warming had any significant effect on annual N2O fluxes. However, the maximum N2O flux rates observed during the study occurred when elevated CO2 was combined with warming and drought, suggesting the potential for important, short-term N2O\u2013N losses in enriched CO2 environments. Taken together, our results suggest that the N2O responses of temperate, extensively managed grasslands to future climate change scenarios may be primarily driven by temperature effects.", "keywords": ["ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "550", "warming", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "N2O EMISSIONS", "drought", "01 natural sciences", "FERTILIZATION", "SOIL-MICROORGANISMS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "WATER-CONTENT", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide emission", "elevated CO(2)", "LAND-USE", "interannual variation", "grasslands", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "BIOMASS PRODUCTION", "FILLED PORE-SPACE", "DIFFERENTLY MANAGED GRASSLANDS", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "ECOSYSTEM", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9409-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-10", "title": "Accumulation Of Carbon And Nitrogen In Residential Soils With Different Land-Use Histories", "description": "Urban areas are growing in size and importance; however, we are only beginning to understand how the process of urbanization influences ecosystem dynamics. In particular, there have been few assessments of how the land-use history and age of residential soils influence carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and fluxes, especially at depth. In this study, we used 1-m soil cores to evaluate soil profile characteristics and C and N pools in 32 residential home lawns that differed by previous land use and age, but had similar soil types. These were compared to soils from eight forested reference sites. Residential soils had significantly higher C and N densities than nearby forested soils of similar types (6.95 vs. 5.44\u00a0kg\u00a0C/m2 and 552 vs. 403\u00a0g\u00a0N/m2, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Results from our chronosequence suggest that soils at residential sites that were previously in agriculture have the potential to accumulate C (0.082\u00a0kg\u00a0C/m2/y) and N (8.3\u00a0g\u00a0N/m2/y) rapidly after residential development. Rates of N accumulation at these sites were similar in magnitude to estimated fertilizer N inputs, confirming a high capacity for N retention. Residential sites that were forested prior to development had higher C and N densities than present-day forests, but our chronosequence did not reveal a significant pattern of increasing C and N density over time in previously forested sites. These data suggest that soils in residential areas on former agricultural land have a significant capacity to sequester C and N. Given the large area of these soils, they are undoubtedly significant in regional C and N balances.", "keywords": ["11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9409-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9409-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9409-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9409-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9401-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-24", "title": "Plants Mediate The Sensitivity Of Soil Respiration To Rainfall Variability", "description": "Soil respiration from grasslands plays a critical role in determining carbon dioxide (CO2) feedbacks between soils and the atmosphere. In these often mesic systems, soil moisture and temperature tend to co-regulate soil respiration. Increasing variance of rainfall patterns may alter aboveground\u2013belowground interactions and have important implications for the sensitivity of soil respiration to fluctuations in moisture and temperature. We conducted a set of field experiments to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of rainfall variability and plant\u2013soil processes on respiration dynamics. Plant removal had strong effects on grassland soils, which included altered CO2 flux owing to absence of root respiration; increased soil moisture and temperature; and reduced availability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for heterotrophic respiration by microorganisms. These plant-mediated effects interacted with our rainfall variability treatments to determine the sensitivity of soil respiration to both moisture and temperature. Using time-series multiple regression, we found that plants dampened the sensitivity of respiration to moisture under high variability rainfall treatments, which may reflect the relative stability of root contributions to total soil respiration. In contrast, plants increased the sensitivity of respiration to temperature under low variability rainfall treatment suggesting that the environmental controls on soil CO2 dynamics in mesic habitats may be context dependent. Our results provide insight into the aboveground\u2013belowground mechanisms controlling respiration in grasslands under variable rainfall regimes, which may be important for predicting CO2 dynamics under current and future climate scenarios.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9401-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9401-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9401-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9401-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-011-9514-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-07", "title": "Impacts Of Grazing And Climate Warming On C Pools And Decomposition Rates In Arctic Environments", "description": "Arctic ecosystems are important habitats for Arctic breeding geese which in their turn have a profound impact on the vegetation in these areas. The herbivore pressure is currently on the rise in the region and may interact with climate change to drive changes in both productivity and decomposition rates. In this study, we aim to determine the combined impact of warming and geese on C pools and decomposition in two high Arctic habitats, mesic heath and wet meadow. We employed field-experimental warming and grazing treatments in a fully factorial design and quantified their impact on ecosystems C pools and turnover. High grazing levels reduced vascular biomass and litter C pools at both sites, whereas warming reduced moss biomass at the mesic site only. Grazing increased decomposition rates and reduced the amount of labile C in the soil at the mesic site, whereas warming substantially reduced C concentrations by approximately 25%. Intermediate level of grazing had an opposite effect and resulted in increased soil C storage at the mesic site. In contrast, no effects of the treatment on belowground C cycling were found at the wet site. In conclusion, the two levels of grazing and warming impacted on different aspects of the C cycle investigated in this study. The high grazing and warming treatment promoted reduced carbon storage/decomposition both above- and belowground with the strongest effects seen at the mesic site.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sofie Sj\u00f6gersten, Sarah J. Woodin, Ren\u00e9 van der Wal,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9514-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-011-9514-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-011-9514-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-011-9514-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9406-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-21", "title": "Indirect Effects Of Nitrogen Amendments On Organic Substrate Quality Increase Enzymatic Activity Driving Decomposition In A Mesic Grassland", "description": "The fate of soil organic carbon (SOC) is determined, in part, by complex interactions between the quality of plant litter inputs, nutrient availability, and the microbial communities that control decomposition rates. This study explores these interactions in a mesic grassland where C and nitrogen (N) availability and plant litter quality have been manipulated using both fertilization and haying for 7\u00a0years. We measured a suite of soil parameters including inorganic N, extractable organic C and N (EOC and EON), soil moisture, extracellular enzyme activity (EEA), and the isotopic composition of C and N in the microbial biomass and substrate sources. We use these data to determine how the activity of microbial decomposers was influenced by varying levels of substrate C and N quality and quantity and to explore potential mechanisms explaining the fate of enhanced plant biomass inputs with fertilization. Oxidative EEA targeting relatively recalcitrant C pools was not affected by fertilization. EEA linked to the breakdown of relatively labile C rich substrates exhibited no relationship with inorganic N availability but was significantly greater with fertilization and associated increases in substrate quality. These increases in EEA were not related to an increase in microbial biomass C. The ratio of hydrolytic C:N acquisition enzymes and \u03b413C and \u03b415N values of microbial biomass relative to bulk soil C and N, or EOC and EON suggest that microbial communities in fertilized plots were relatively C limited, a feature likely driving enhanced microbial efforts to acquire C from labile sources. These data suggest that in mesic grasslands, enhancements in biomass inputs and quality with fertilization can prompt an increase in EEA within the mineral soil profile with no significant increases in microbial biomass. Our work helps elucidate the microbially mediated fate of enhanced biomass inputs that are greater in magnitude than the associated increases in mineral soil organic matter.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9406-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9406-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9406-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9406-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-18", "title": "Effects Of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment And Nitrogen Addition On Inorganic Carbon Leaching In Subtropical Model Forest Ecosystems", "description": "Soil mineral weathering may serve as a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Increased weathering of soil minerals induced by elevated CO2 concentration has been reported previously in temperate areas. However, this has not been well documented for the tropics and subtropics. We used model forest ecosystems in open-top chambers to study the effects of CO2 enrichment alone and together with nitrogen (N) addition on inorganic carbon (C) losses in the leachates. Three years of exposure to an atmospheric CO2 concentration of 700\u00a0ppm resulted in increased annual inorganic C export through leaching below the 70\u00a0cm soil profile. Compared to the control without any CO2 and N treatments, net biocarbonate C (HCO3                         \u2212-C) loss increased by 42%, 74%, and 81% in the high CO2 concentration treatment in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. Increased inorganic C export following the exposure to the elevated CO2 was related to both increased inorganic C concentrations in the leaching water and the greater amount of leaching water. Net annual inorganic C (HCO3                         \u2212-C and carbonate C: CO3                         2\u2212-C) loss via the leaching water in the high CO2 concentration chambers reached 48.0, 49.5, and 114.0\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 y\u22121 in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, compared with 33.8, 28.4, and 62.8\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0y\u22121 in the control chambers in the corresponding years. The N addition showed a negative effect on the mineral weathering. The decreased inorganic C concentration in the leaching water and the decreased leaching water amount induced by the high N treatment were the results of the adverse effect. Our results suggest that tropical forest soil systems may be able to compensate for a small part of the atmospheric CO2 increase through the accelerated processing of CO2 into HCO3                         \u2212-C during soil mineral weathering, which might be transported in part into ground water or oceans on geological timescales.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "Ecological impacts of climate change and ecological adaptation", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-011-9491-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-26", "title": "Regulation Of Microbial Community Composition And Activity By Soil Nutrient Availability, Soil Ph, And Herbivory In The Tundra", "description": "Soil nitrogen (N) availability and pH constitute major abiotic controls over microbial community composition and activity in tundra ecosystems. On the other hand, mammalian grazers form an important biotic factor influencing resource coupling between plants and soil microorganisms. To investigate individual effects and interactions among soil nutrients, pH, and grazing on tundra soils, we performed factorial treatments of fertilization, liming, and grazer exclusion in the field for 3\u00a0years at 2 contrasting tundra habitats, acidic (N-poor) and non-acidic (N-rich) tundra heaths. The effects of all treatments were small in the non-acidic tundra heaths. In the acidic tundra heaths, fertilization decreased the fungal:bacterial ratio as analyzed by soil PLFAs, but there were no effects of liming. Fertilization increased soil N concentrations more drastically in ungrazed than grazed plots, and in parallel, fertilization decreased the fungal:bacterial ratio to a greater extent in the ungrazed plots. Liming, on the other hand, partly negated the effects of fertilization on both soil N concentrations and PLFAs. Fertilization drastically increased the activity of phenol oxidase, a microbial enzyme synthesized for degradation of soil phenols, in grazed plots, but had no effect in ungrazed plots. Taken together, our results demonstrate that grazers have the potential to regulate the fungal:bacterial ratio in soils through influencing N availability for the soil microorganisms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "03 medical and health sciences", "tundra", "mikrobiaktiivisuus", "kasvinsy\u00f6j\u00e4t", "mikrobiyhteis\u00f6", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stark, S., Eskelinen, A., M\u00e4nnist\u00f6, M.K.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9491-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-011-9491-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-011-9491-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-011-9491-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-05", "title": "The Role Of Catch Crops In The Ecological Intensification Of Spring Cereals In Organic Farming Under Nordic Climate", "description": "Abstract   Catch crops can contribute to nitrogen supply of following crops through uptake of excess soil mineral nitrogen (N) and through biological N fixation. The contribution of catch crops to the ecological intensification of organic arable systems was investigated using data of a 12-year field experiment carried out at three sites in Denmark. This study focused on the yields of spring oats and spring barley in systems with and without manure in two different cropping systems (O2 and O4) that differed in the proportion of legume-based catch crops (O2 lower and O4 higher) and in the rotation composition (grass\u2013clover green manure in O2 and pulse crops in O4). Three consecutive four-year crop cycles were established at three locations representative of different soil types (loamy sand, sandy loam and coarse sand) and climatic conditions. Crop management and soil operations were performed following common practices in organic farming. Measurements of dry matter (DM) and N content of grain cereals at harvest, above-ground biomass in catch crops and green manure crops in autumn and of the green manure crop at the first cutting were performed. The effect of catch crops on grain yield varied with cereal and catch crop species, soil and rotation type, and the application of N in manure. Higher yield increases from previous catch crops were obtained for spring oat than for spring barley with mean estimates of the apparent N recovery efficiency of N in above-ground catch crops of 69% and 46%, respectively. However, lower autumn N in catch crops undersown in high yielding cash crop was also observed. For spring oats mean grain yield benefits of including catch crops varied from 0.2 to 2.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0DM\u00a0ha\u22121 depending on location, manure use and cycle of the rotation. In spring barley mean grain yield benefits from catch crops varied from 0.1 to 1.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0DM\u00a0ha\u22121. There was a tendency for the effect of catch crop on grain yield to increase over time. These results indicate that in Nordic climates catch crops can contribute to the ecological intensification of spring cereals, not only by reducing the nitrate leaching and increasing N retention, but also by improving yields. Management practices in relation to catch crops must be adapted to the specific soil and cropping systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop combinations and interactions", "legumes", "spring oat", "cropping systems", "15. Life on land", "Cereals", " pulses and oilseeds", "spring barley", "nitrogen"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-011-9447-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-18", "title": "The Effects Of Snow, Soil Microenvironment, And Soil Organic Matter Quality On N Availability In Three Alaskan Arctic Plant Communities", "description": "Climate warming in The Arctic may lead to a shift from graminoid to shrub dominance, which may, in turn, alter the structure and function of the ecosystem through shrub influences on the abiotic and/or biotic controls over biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). In Arctic tundra, near Toolik Lake, Alaska, we quantified net N-mineralization rates under ambient and manipulated snow treatments at three different plant communities that varied in abundance of deciduous shrubs. Our objective was twofold: (1) to test whether the amount of snow that can accumulate around Arctic deciduous shrubs maintains winter soil temperatures high enough to stimulate microbial activity and increase soil N levels (effect of soil microclimate) and (2) to compare the relative effects of snow versus shrubs on N availability via effects on the main drivers of N-mineralization: SOM quality versus microclimate. Winter snow addition had a positive effect on summer, but not winter, N-mineralization rates. Soil organic matter quality had a nine times larger effect on N-mineralization than did soil microclimate in the summer season and only SOM quality had a detectable effect on N-mineralization in the winter. Here we conclude that on a short time scale, shrub interactions with snow may play a role in increasing plant available N, primarily through effects on the summer soil microenvironment. In addition, differences in SOM quality can drive larger differences in net N-mineralization than changes in soil microclimate of the magnitude of what we saw across our three sites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9447-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-011-9447-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-011-9447-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-011-9447-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9569-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-26", "title": "High Arctic Dry Heath Co2 Exchange During The Early Cold Season", "description": "Climate change may alter the terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance in the Arctic, and previous studies have emphasized the importance of cold season gas exchange when considering the annual carbon balance. Here, we examined gross ecosystem production (GEP), ecosystem respiration (R                 eco) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during autumn at a high arctic dry open heath, over a period where air temperatures decreased from +9.8 to \u221216.5\u00b0C. GEP declined by 95\u2013100% during autumn but GEP significantly different from 0 was measured on October 8 despite sub-zero temperatures. R                 eco declined by 90% and dominated NEE throughout the study as the ecosystem on all measurement days was a source of atmospheric CO2. We estimated net September carbon losses (NEE) to be 17\u00a0g\u00a0CO2\u00a0m\u22122, emphasizing the importance of autumn in relation to annual carbon budgets. The study site has been subjected to 14 summers of water addition, and occasional pulses of nitrogen (N) addition in a fully factorial design. N addition enhanced GEP up to 17-fold during September, although there was no effect in October when GEP was very low. Summer water addition decreased autumn R                 eco by up to 25%. Both N amendment and water addition decreased carbon loss, that is, increased NEE; N amendment increased NEE on all dates by 13\u201364% whereas water addition increased NEE by 20\u201354% late in September and onward, demonstrating the importance of nutrient and water availability on carbon balance in high arctic tundra, also during the autumn freeze-in.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9569-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9569-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9569-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9569-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9578-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-07", "title": "Plant Biomass Allocation Across A Precipitation Gradient: An Approach To Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest At Yucatan, Mexico", "description": "It has been assumed that plant biomass partitioning to stems and roots at the ecosystem level follows a single strategy according to which the stem biomass scales isometrically with root biomass, a hypothesis known as \u2018isometric scaling\u2019. In this study, we examined an alternative theory used for plants: plant biomass is allocated preferentially to the plant organ that harvests the limiting growth resource, a theory known as the \u2018balanced growth hypothesis\u2019. Our objective was to test these two alternative hypotheses across a water availability gradient. We quantified the stem and root biomass in a seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) in three regions of the Yucatan peninsula along a precipitation gradient. Reduced major axis analysis showed that the slopes of the relationship between stem and root biomass across the study regions were statistically similar and significantly different from 1.0 (common slope\u00a0=\u00a02.5), which contrasts with the \u2018isometric scaling\u2019 hypothesis. The allometric coefficient was different between regions along the precipitation gradient, which showed that plant biomass allocation to stems is higher in high than in low water availability regions where biomass is allocated in greater proportions to roots. The stem:root ratio increases following the low to high water availability gradient. Our results showed that plant biomass allocation in the SDTF follows a simple allometric strategy in which greater plant biomass is allocated to stems irrespective of water availability, suggesting to the forest level that plant biomass allocation strategy is invariant across the water availability gradient.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9578-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9578-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9578-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9578-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-03", "title": "Energy And Climate Benefits Of Bioelectricity From Low-Input Short Rotation Woody Crops On Agricultural Land Over A Two-Year Rotation", "description": "AbstractShort-rotation woody crops (SRWCs) are a promising means to enhance the EU renewable energy sources while mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there are concerns that the GHG mitigation potential of bioelectricity may be nullified due to GHG emissions from direct land use changes (dLUCs). In order to evaluate quantitatively the GHG mitigation potential of bioelectricity from SRWC we managed an operational SRWC plantation (18.4ha) for bioelectricity production on a former agricultural land without supplemental irrigation or fertilization. We traced back to the primary energy level all farm labor, materials, and fossil fuel inputs to the bioelectricity production. We also sampled soil carbon and monitored fluxes of GHGs between the SRWC plantation and the atmosphere. We found that bioelectricity from SRWCs was energy efficient and yielded 200\u2013227% more energy than required to produce it over a two-year rotation. The associated land requirement was 0.9m2kWhe-1 for the gasification and 1.1m2kWhe-1 for the combustion technology. Converting agricultural land into the SRWC plantation released 2.8 \u00b1 0.2tCO2eha\u22121, which represented \u223c89% of the total GHG emissions (256\u2013272gCO2ekWhe-1) of bioelectricity production. Despite its high share of the total GHG emissions, dLUC did not negate the GHG benefits of bioelectricity. Indeed, the GHG savings of bioelectricity relative to the EU non-renewable grid mix power ranged between 52% and 54%. SRWC on agricultural lands with low soil organic carbon stocks are encouraging prospects for sustainable production of renewable energy with significant climate benefits.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Physics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Eddy fluxes", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "GHG emissions", "Life cycle assessment", "Energy(all)", "13. Climate action", "Direct land use change", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Energy ratio", "Biology", "Engineering sciences. Technology", "Civil and Structural Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-011-9508-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-22", "title": "High Resilience In Heathland Plants To Changes In Temperature, Drought, And Co2 In Combination: Results From The Climaite Experiment", "description": "Climate change scenarios predict simultaneously increase in temperature, altered precipitation patterns and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, which will affect key ecosystem processes and plant growth and species interactions. In a large-scale experiment, we investigated the effects of in situ exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, increased temperature and prolonged drought periods on the plant biomass in a dry heathland (Brandbjerg, Denmark). Results after 3\u00a0years showed that drought reduced the growth of the two dominant species Deschampsia flexuosa and Calluna vulgaris. However, both species recovered quickly after rewetting and the drought had no significant effect on annual aboveground biomass production. We did not observe any effects of increased temperature. Elevated CO2 stimulated the biomass production for D. flexuosa in one out of three years but did not influence the standing biomass for either D. flexuosa or the ecosystem as more litter was produced. Treatment combinations showed little interactions on the measured parameters and in particular elevated CO2 did not counterbalance the drought effect on plant growth, as we had anticipated. The plant community did not show any significant responses to the imposed climate changes and we conclude that the two heathland species, on a short time scale, will be relatively resistant to the changes in climatic conditions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9508-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-011-9508-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-011-9508-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-011-9508-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9546-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-11", "title": "Variability Of Organic Matter Inputs Affects Soil Moisture And Soil Biological Parameters In A European Detritus Manipulation Experiment", "description": "Over the last three decades, increased temperatures and reduced annual precipitation have resulted in significant changes in several Central European deciduous forests. These effects include changes in soil moisture content and detritus production. Within the framework of a detritus manipulation experiment carried out in an old-growth Quercetum petraea\u2013cerris community, we examined how changes in detritus inputs affect soil moisture content and microbial activity within six treatments. CO2 release and microbial enzyme activities are known to be highly sensitive to environmental factors such as soil moisture and detritus inputs. We applied three detritus removal (No Litter, No Roots and No Input) and two detritus addition (Double Litter and Double Wood) treatments. Although the plots received the same amount of precipitation, the various detritus inputs caused significant differences in soil moisture. Treatments excluding living roots had the highest moisture levels, while the treatment excluding only aboveground detritus inputs had the lowest. CO2 release, arylsulphatase activity and saccharase activity showed significant seasonal differences with the highest values occurring in spring. Moisture content had a significant positive correlation with CO2 release, and enzyme activities of the plots were affected by the quantity and quality of detritus inputs. Arylsulphatase activity showed the strongest correlation with soil moisture content (R\u00a0=\u00a00.62 in the control plot) followed by CO2 release (R\u00a0=\u00a00.61) and finally saccharase activity (R\u00a0=\u00a00.42). We observed that there was a remarkably weaker correlation between soil moisture content and the three parameters in the detritus removal treatments (R values between 0.56 and 0.13) than in the Control and detritus addition treatments (R values between 0.72 and 0.42). The correlation between the three parameters of interest and soil moisture content weakens considerably under drought conditions relative to the optimal moisture range of soil moisture content for microbial activity. If the amount of precipitation in the area continues to decrease as anticipated, then litter production and soil microbial activity may be reduced.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9546-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9546-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9546-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9546-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9570-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-31", "title": "The Response Of Soil Nematode Community To Nitrogen, Water, And Grazing History In The Inner Mongolian Steppe, China", "description": "Nutrient nitrogen and water availability are co-limiting factors for grassland productivity in the Inner Mongolian steppe. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of water and nitrogen (N) addition on soil abiotic factors and soil nematode community composition. A 3-year experiment with addition of water (with and without irrigation simulating wet year precipitation) and nitrogen (0, 25, and 50\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) was conducted at two sites in Inner Mongolia with histories of heavy grazing (HG) and moderate grazing (MG). The results showed that HG had several lower nematode ecological indicators; namely, the Simpson index (P\u00a0<\u00a00.01), maturity index (MI, including free-living nematodes), and plant parasite index (PPI, including plant-parasitic nematodes). In addition, HG had a lower proportion of omnivores\u2013predators and higher proportion of bacterivores (P\u00a0<\u00a00.01), with reduced soil moisture, total nitrogen and total carbon (C), and increased C/N ratio. A relatively low addition of N did not influence soil total carbon and total nitrogen and had only a slight effect on the composition and structure of the soil nematode community. Water addition increased the proportion of plant parasites, reduced the proportion of bacterivores and omnivores\u2013predators and increased the soil total carbon and total nitrogen. Redundancy analysis revealed that grazing history alone explained more variation in nematode taxon composition (17.4%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01) and PPI (35.6%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01) and MI (17.5%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01) and Simpson index (10.5%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01). Water addition explained more variation in the nematode feeding group (24.4%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01), total nematodes (7.9%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01) and PPI (78.7%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01). Nitrogen addition explained variation in the nematode taxon composition (6.2%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01). These results suggested that HG caused soil degradation, and water addition facilitated plant parasites and enhanced soil properties, whereas application of small amounts of nitrogen to N-limited semiarid grasslands did not induce clear changes in this system in the short term.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9570-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9570-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9570-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9570-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-01", "title": "Effects Of Warming On Shrub Abundance And Chemistry Drive Ecosystem-Level Changes In A Forest-Tundra Ecotone", "description": "Tundra vegetation is responding rapidly to on-going climate warming. The changes in plant abundance and chemistry might have cascading effects on tundra food webs, but an integrated understanding of how the responses vary between habitats and across environmental gradients is lacking. We assessed responses in plant abundance and plant chemistry to warmer climate, both at species and community levels, in two different habitats. We used a long-term and multisite warming (OTC) experiment in the Scandinavian forest-tundra ecotone to investigate (i) changes in plant community composition and (ii) responses in foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon-based secondary compound concentrations in two dominant evergreen dwarf-shrubs (Empetrum hermaphroditum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and two deciduous shrubs (Vaccinium myrtillus and Betula nana). We found that initial plant community composition, and the functional traits of these plants, will determine the responsiveness of the community composition, and thus community traits, to experimental warming. Although changes in plant chemistry within species were minor, alterations in plant community composition drive changes in community-level nutrient concentrations. In view of projected climate change, our results suggest that plant abundance will increase in the future, but nutrient concentrations in the tundra field layer vegetation will decrease. These effects are large enough to have knock-on consequences for major ecosystem processes like herbivory and nutrient cycling. The reduced food quality could lead to weaker trophic cascades and weaker top down control of plant community biomass and composition in the future. However, the opposite effects in forest indicate that these changes might be obscured by advancing treeline forests. \u00a9 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "P.", "Global warming", "500", "CBSC", "P", "N", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Treeline", "secondary plant metabolite", "Shrub", "Grazing", "Secondary plant metabolite", "shrub", "13. Climate action", "reindeer", "grazing", "Reindeer"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/28101/1/Kaarlej%c3%a4rvi2012_Article_EffectsOfWarmingOnShrubAbundan.pdf"}, {"href": "http://dro.dur.ac.uk/13492/1/13492.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9611-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-08", "title": "Fire And Grazing Change Herbaceous Species Composition And Reduce Beta Diversity In The Kalahari Sand System", "description": "After rainfall and soils, fire and herbivory are two of the main determinants of savanna ecosystems. Although the interactive effects of fire and herbivores on soil and vegetation are widely acknowledged few studies have addressed these two factors in concert, and none of the studies has focused on the Kalahari sand system. We experimentally studied how annual late dry season fires and grazing affect herbaceous plant species composition, above- and belowground biomass, and soil and grass nutrient concentrations in the nutrient-poor semi-arid Kalahari system in northern Botswana. Four treatments (fire, grazing, fire\u00a0+\u00a0grazing, and no-fire\u2013no-grazing) were applied for two consecutive years in the late dry season. Plant species composition was affected by treatment and year. The no-fire\u2013no-grazing treatment was distinctly different from all the other treatments in terms of species composition. Beta diversity was lower on the fire treatment and grazing treatment, but not where fire and grazing were combined. Fire and grazing alone or in combination did not have a substantial effect on biomass, soil and plant nutrients or plant species alpha diversity. Plant nitrogen was the only element that differed between treatments, with high concentrations on all the grazed treatments in the first year and low levels on the fire-alone treatment during the second year. The results show that fire and grazing mainly affect species composition and large-scale biodiversity patterns as indicated by the no-fire\u2013no-grazing treatment being distinctly different from other treatments, suggesting the evolutionary adaptation of this dystrophic Kalahari sand system to herbivory and fire.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9611-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9611-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9611-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9611-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9593-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-20", "title": "Carbon And Nitrogen Decoupling Under An 11-Year Drought In The Shortgrass Steppe", "description": "The frequency and magnitude of drought is expected to increase in the US Great Plains under future climate regimes. Although semiarid systems are considered highly resistant to water limitation, novel drought events could alter linkages among biogeochemical processes, and result in new feedbacks that influence the timescale of ecosystem recovery. We examined changes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in the last 2 years of an 11-year drought manipulation in the shortgrass steppe, and under the first 2 years of recovery from drought. We measured plant production, plant tissue chemistry, soil trace gas flux, and soil inorganic nitrogen dynamics to test the extent that this magnitude of drought altered carbon and nitrogen fluxes and how these changes affected post-drought dynamics. We found that soil inorganic nitrogen was up to five times higher under severe drought than under control conditions, but that this nitrogen may not have been accessible to plants and microbial communities during drought due to diffusion limitations. Drought plots had higher N2O flux when they received equal rainfall pulses, showing that this accumulated N may be vulnerable to loss. In addition, plants in drought plots had higher tissue nitrogen for 2 years following drought. These results show that decadal-length droughts that may occur under future precipitation regimes are likely to alter ecosystem properties through interactions among precipitation, vegetation, and N cycling. Shifts in plant N, vulnerability of nitrogen to loss, and rainfall use efficiency that we observed are likely to affect the recovery time of semiarid systems subject to droughts of this magnitude.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9593-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9593-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9593-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9593-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-04", "title": "Altered Belowground Carbon Cycling Following Land-Use Change To Perennial Bioenergy Crops", "description": "Belowground carbon (C) dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems play an important role in the global C cycle and thereby in climate regulation. Globally, land-use change is a major driver of changes in belowground C storage. The emerging bioenergy industry is likely to drive widespread land-use changes, including the replacement of annually tilled croplands with perennial bioenergy crops, and thereby to impact the climate system through alteration of belowground C dynamics. Mechanistic understanding of how land-use changes impact belowground C storage requires elucidation of changes in belowground C flows; however, altered belowground C dynamics following land-use change have yet to be thoroughly quantified through field measurements. Here, we show that belowground C cycling pathways of establishing perennial bioenergy crops (0- to 3.5-year-old miscanthus, switchgrass, and a native prairie mix) were substantially altered relative to row crop agriculture (corn-soy rotation); specifically, there were substantial increases in belowground C allocation (>400%), belowground biomass (400\u2013750%), root-associated respiration (up to 2,500%), moderate reductions in litter inputs (20\u201340%), and respiration in root-free soil (up to 50%). This more active root-associated C cycling of perennial vegetation provides a mechanism for observed net C sequestration by these perennial ecosystems, as well as commonly observed increases in soil C under perennial bioenergy crops throughout the world. The more active root-associated belowground C cycle of perennial vegetation implies a climate benefit of grassland maintenance or restoration, even if biomass is harvested annually for bioenergy production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9628-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-013-9689-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Effects Of The Conversion Of Native Vegetation To Farmlands On Soil Microarthropod Biodiversity And Ecosystem Functioning In A Desert Oasis", "description": "Increased demand for food due to the rapidly growing human population has led to extensive conversion of native steppes at the margins of oases in arid lands of northwest China into intensively managed farmlands. However, the consequences of this land-use change for soil microarthropod biodiversity and ecosystem functioning remain unknown. Here we assessed how conversion of a native steppe to irrigated farmlands of different ages affects the abundance and composition of soil microarthropods and how changes in soil microarthropod biodiversity could scale up to influence soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. We sampled microarthropod communities over two growing seasons from native steppes and cultivated soils of a 27year-old irrigated farmland and a 90-year-old irrigated farmland, both of which were converted from the native steppe. Topsoil properties and bulk and labile pools of carbon and nitrogen, including soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total nitrogen (TN), inorganic nitrogen (IN), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), were also measured. The conversion of native steppe to either of the two farmlands significantly increased the abundance and taxa richness of three taxonomic groups (mites, collembolans, and others) and four trophic groups (herbivores, predators, detritivores, and fungivores); this effect was greater in the 90-year-old farmland for the abundance of all taxonomic and trophic groups except for herbivores and was similar between the two farmlands for the richness of all taxonomic and trophic groups. Taxonomic and trophic composition of the microarthropod community showed strong shifts in response to conversion of native steppe to either of the two farmlands. Compositional changes were largely mediated by changes in soil environments. Changes", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9689-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-013-9689-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-013-9689-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-013-9689-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-05", "title": "Coupled Carbon And Nitrogen Inputs Increase Microbial Biomass And Activity In Prairie Bioenergy Systems", "description": "Soil microorganisms drive cycling and storage of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) through decomposition of plant root and litter inputs. However, microbial activities vary greatly in time and space as well as with land management. The goal of this study was to address the seasonal role of microbial activity in soil C and N storage and cycling in harvested prairie and corn ecosystems. We measured extracellular enzyme activity, microbial biomass, extractable soil C and N, and total soil C and N at monthly intervals across two growing seasons in fertilized and unfertilized planted tallgrass prairie and compared them with a continuous Zea mays (corn) row-crop agroecosystem. Prairie systems supported greater microbial biomass and enzyme activity compared with corn systems; fertilized prairie systems had greater microbial activity than unfertilized prairies. The magnitude, and in some cases direction, of differences in response variables among the three managed systems changed seasonally. Overall, microbial biomass and enzyme activity were stimulated by increased C inputs (roots) in prairies and were further enhanced with N additions in fertilized prairies. Furthermore, seasonal fluctuation in microbial activity underscores the importance of considering when soils are sampled to estimate and predict patterns in microbially driven C and N cycling at the ecosystem level.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-014-9835-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=C&offset=1700&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=C&offset=1700&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=C&offset=1650", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=C&offset=1750", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 28343, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T08:06:13.744612Z"}