Soil moisture is among the most important factors regulating soil biodiversity and functioning. Models forecast changes in the precipitation regime in many areas of the planet, but how these changes will influence soil functioning, and how biotic drivers modulate such effects, is far from being understood. We evaluated the responses of C and N fluxes, and soil microbial properties to different soil water regimes in soils from the main three ecotypes of the world's largest and most diverse tropical savanna. Further, we explored the direct and indirect effects of changes in the ecotype and soil water regimes on these key soil processes. Soils from the woodland savanna showed a better nutritional status than the other ecotypes, as well as higher potential N cycling rates, N2O emissions, and soil bacterial abundance but lower bacterial richness, whereas potential CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake peaked in the intermediate savanna. The ecotype also modulated the effects of changes in the soil water regime on nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil bacterial properties, with more intense responses in the intermediate savanna. Further, we highlight the existence of multiple contrasting direct and indirect (via soil microbes and abiotic properties) effects of an intensification of the precipitation regime on soil C- and N-related processes. Our results confirm that ecotype is a fundamental driver of soil properties and functioning in the Cerrado and that it can determine the responses of key soil processes to changes in the soil water regime.We investigated how the legacy of warming and summer drought affected microbial communities in five different replicated long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (>10\uffc2\uffa0years) field experiments across Europe (EU\uffe2\uff80\uff90FP7 INCREASE infrastructure). To focus explicitly on legacy effects (i.e., indirect rather than direct effects of the environmental factors), we measured microbial variables under the same moisture and temperature in a brief screening, and following a pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90incubation at stable conditions. Specifically, we investigated the size and composition of the soil microbial community (PLFA) alongside measurements of bacterial (leucine incorporation) and fungal (acetate in ergosterol incorporation) growth rates, previously shown to be highly responsive to changes in environmental factors, and microbial respiration. We found no legacy effects on the microbial community size, composition, growth rates, or basal respiration rates at the effect sizes used in our experimental setup (0.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, about 30% precipitation reduction). Our findings support previous reports from single short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecosystem studies thereby providing a clear evidence base to allow long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale generalizations to be made. The implication of our study is that warming and summer drought will not result in legacy effects on the microbial community and their processes within the effect sizes here studied. While legacy effects on microbial processes during perturbation cycles, such as drying\uffe2\uff80\uff93rewetting, and on tolerance to drought and warming remain to be studied, our results suggest that any effects on overall ecosystem processes will be rather limited. Thus, the legacies of warming and drought should not be prioritized factors to consider when modeling contemporary rates of biogeochemical processes in soil.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "Hot Temperature", "Bacteria", "soil C cycle", "Climate Change", "global climate change", "warming adaptation", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "6. Clean water", "ecosystem service", "Droughts", "Europe", "Leucine", "13. Climate action", "temperature acclimation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "Seasons", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Acetic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12338"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12338"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/pl00008869", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-10", "title": "Combined Effects Of Atmospheric Co2 And N Availability On The Belowground Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics Of Aspen Mesocosms", "description": "It is uncertain whether elevated atmospheric CO2 will increase C storage in terrestrial ecosystems without concomitant increases in plant access to N. Elevated CO2 may alter microbial activities that regulate soil N availability by changing the amount or composition of organic substrates produced by roots. Our objective was to determine the potential for elevated CO2 to change N availability in an experimental plant-soil system by affecting the acquisition of root-derived C by soil microbes. We grew Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) cuttings for 2 years under two levels of atmospheric CO2 (36.7 and 71.5 Pa) and at two levels of soil N (210 and 970 \u00b5g N g-1). Ambient and twice-ambient CO2 concentrations were applied using open-top chambers, and soil N availability was manipulated by mixing soils differing in organic N content. From June to October of the second growing season, we measured midday rates of soil respiration. In August, we pulse-labeled plants with 14CO2 and measured soil 14CO2 respiration and the 14C contents of plants, soils, and microorganisms after a 6-day chase period. In conjunction with the August radio-labeling and again in October, we used 15N pool dilution techniques to measure in situ rates of gross N mineralization, N immobilization by microbes, and plant N uptake. At both levels of soil N availability, elevated CO2 significantly increased whole-plant and root biomass, and marginally increased whole-plant N capital. Significant increases in soil respiration were closely linked to increases in root biomass under elevated CO2. CO2 enrichment had no significant effect on the allometric distribution of biomass or 14C among plant components, total 14C allocation belowground, or cumulative (6-day) 14CO2 soil respiration. Elevated CO2 significantly increased microbial 14C contents, indicating greater availability of microbial substrates derived from roots. The near doubling of microbial 14C contents at elevated CO2 was a relatively small quantitative change in the belowground C cycle of our experimental system, but represents an ecologically significant effect on the dynamics of microbial growth. Rates of plant N uptake during both 6-day periods in August and October were significantly greater at elevated CO2, and were closely related to fine-root biomass. Gross N mineralization was not affected by elevated CO2. Despite significantly greater rates of N immobilization under elevated CO2, standing pools of microbial N were not affected by elevated CO2, suggesting that N was cycling through microbes more rapidly. Our results contained elements of both positive and negative feedback hypotheses, and may be most relevant to young, aggrading ecosystems, where soil resources are not yet fully exploited by plant roots. If the turnover of microbial N increases, higher rates of N immobilization may not decrease N availability to plants under elevated CO2.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "root-: biomass-", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "nitrogen-fixation", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "biomass-", "nitrogen-cycle", "nitrogen-", "Microorganisms-", "carbon-14", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "C Cycle", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "Key Words Atmospheric CO2", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Populus Tremuloides Michx", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon-dioxide: atmospheric-", "plant-nutrition", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Angiosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "Natural Resources and Environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "global-climate-change", "microbe- (Microorganisms-)", "7727-37-9: NITROGEN", "chemical-composition", "carbon-sequestration", "mineral-uptake", "soil-biology", "Science", "Vascular-Plants", "poplars-", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "carbon-dioxide", "Populus-tremuloides [trembling-aspen] (Salicaceae-)", "carbon-cycle", "Health Sciences", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "soil-respiration", "content", "Plantae-", "14762-75-5: CARBON-14", "mineralization-", "Molecular", "forest-soils", "15. Life on land", "Rhizodeposition", "soil-flora", "N Cycle", "13. Climate action", "cuttings-", "roots-", "Legacy", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Dicots-", "ecosystems-"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mikan, Carl J., Zak, Donald R., Kubiske, Mark E., Pregitzer, Kurt S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008869"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/pl00008869", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/pl00008869", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/pl00008869"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-11", "title": "Land Degradation Impact On Soil Carbon Losses Through Water Erosion And Co2 Emissions", "description": "Abstract Worldwide concerns with global change and its effects on our future environment require an improved understanding of the impact of land cover changes on the global C cycle. Overgrazing causes a reduction in plant cover with accepted consequences on soil infiltration and soil erosion, yet the impact on the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its associated processes remain unaccounted for. In this study performed in South Africa, our main objective was to evaluate the impact of plant cover reduction on (i) SOC erosion by water in both particulate (POC) and dissolved (DOC) forms, and (ii) soil CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. The study performed under sandy-loam Acrisols investigated three proportions of soil surface coverage by plants (Cov), from 100% (Cov100) for the \u201cnon-degraded\u201d treatment to 25\u201350% (Cov50) and 0\u20135% (Cov5). POC and DOC losses were evaluated using an artificial rainfall of 30\u00a0mm\u00a0h \u2212\u00a01 applied for a period of 30\u00a0min on bounded 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01\u00a0m\u00b2 microplots (n\u00a0=\u00a03 per treatment). CO 2 emissions from undisturbed soil samples (n\u00a0=\u00a09) were evaluated continuously at the laboratory over a 6-month period. At the \u201cnon-degraded\u201d treatment of Cov100, plant-C inputs to the soil profile were 1950\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0180\u00a0gC\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 \u00a0y \u2212\u00a01 and SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.02\u00a0m layer were 300.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.2\u00a0gC\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 . While soil-C inputs by plants significantly (P\u00a0 \u2212\u00a02 at Cov100 increased from 66% at Cov50 (i.e. 3.76\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8\u00a0gC\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) to a staggering 213% at Cov5 (i.e. 7.08\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9\u00a0gC\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ). These losses were for the most part in particulate form (from 88.0% for Cov100 to 98.7% for Cov5). Plant cover reduction significantly decreased both the cumulative C\u2013CO 2 emissions (by 68% at Cov50 and 69% at Cov5) and the mineralization rate of the soil organic matter (from 0.039 gC\u2013CO 2 \u00a0gC \u2212\u00a01 at Cov100 to 0.031\u00a0gC\u2013CO 2 \u00a0gC \u2212\u00a01 at Cov5). These results are expected to increase our understanding of the impact of land degradation on the global C cycle. Further in-situ research studies, however, need to investigate whether or not grassland degradation induces net C-emissions to the atmosphere.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "South Africa", "13. Climate action", "Particulate and dissolved SOC forms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Global C Cycle", "Water erosion", "Land use change"], "contacts": [{"organization": "McHunu, C., /Chaplot, Vincent,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-023-00838-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-04-24", "title": "Different Cerrado Ecotypes Show Contrasting Soil Microbial Properties, Functioning Rates, and Sensitivity to Changing Water Regimes", "description": "AbstractSoil moisture is among the most important factors regulating soil biodiversity and functioning. Models forecast changes in the precipitation regime in many areas of the planet, but how these changes will influence soil functioning, and how biotic drivers modulate such effects, is far from being understood. We evaluated the responses of C and N fluxes, and soil microbial properties to different soil water regimes in soils from the main three ecotypes of the world's largest and most diverse tropical savanna. Further, we explored the direct and indirect effects of changes in the ecotype and soil water regimes on these key soil processes. Soils from the woodland savanna showed a better nutritional status than the other ecotypes, as well as higher potential N cycling rates, N2O emissions, and soil bacterial abundance but lower bacterial richness, whereas potential CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake peaked in the intermediate savanna. The ecotype also modulated the effects of changes in the soil water regime on nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil bacterial properties, with more intense responses in the intermediate savanna. Further, we highlight the existence of multiple contrasting direct and indirect (via soil microbes and abiotic properties) effects of an intensification of the precipitation regime on soil C- and N-related processes. Our results confirm that ecotype is a fundamental driver of soil properties and functioning in the Cerrado and that it can determine the responses of key soil processes to changes in the soil water regime.Life on Earth vitally depends on the availability of water. Human pressure on freshwater resources is increasing, as is human exposure to weather-related extremes (droughts, storms, floods) caused by climate change. Understanding these changes is pivotal for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) defines a suite of essential climate variables (ECVs), many related to the water cycle, required to systematically monitor Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s climate system. Since long-term observations of these ECVs are derived from different observation techniques, platforms, instruments, and retrieval algorithms, they often lack the accuracy, completeness, and resolution, to consistently characterize water cycle variability at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we review the capability of ground-based and remotely sensed observations of water cycle ECVs to consistently observe the hydrological cycle. We evaluate the relevant land, atmosphere, and ocean water storages and the fluxes between them, including anthropogenic water use. Particularly, we assess how well they close on multiple temporal and spatial scales. On this basis, we discuss gaps in observation systems and formulate guidelines for future water cycle observation strategies. We conclude that, while long-term water cycle monitoring has greatly advanced in the past, many observational gaps still need to be overcome to close the water budget and enable a comprehensive and consistent assessment across scales. Trends in water cycle components can only be observed with great uncertainty, mainly due to insufficient length and homogeneity. An advanced closure of the water cycle requires improved model\uffe2\uff80\uff93data synthesis capabilities, particularly at regional to local scales.
", "keywords": ["550", "Hydrologic cycle", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/clean_water_and_sanitation; name=SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation", "551", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Water masses", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "storage", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action; name=SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Water budget/balance", "Water budget", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Surface fluxes", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water; name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "Water masses/storage", "balance", "Surface observations", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Satellite observations", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/98278/1/Dorigo-2021-Closing-the-water-cycle-from-observ.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/102/10/BAMS-D-19-0316.1.xml"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0316.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1175/bams-d-19-0316.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1175/bams-d-19-0316.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1175/bams-d-19-0316.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1620", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "title": "Interpretation Of Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics In Agricultural And Afforested Soils", "description": "Interpretation of soil organic C (SOC) dynamics depends heavily on analytical methods and management systems studied. Comparison of data from long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term corn (Zea mays)\uffe2\uff80\uff90plot soils in Eastern North America showed mean residence times (MRTs) of SOC determined by14C dating were 176 times those measured with13C abundance following a 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr replacement of C3by C4plants on the same soils. However, MRTs of the two methods were related (r2= 0.71). Field13C MRTs of SOC were also related (R2= 0.55 to 0.85) to those measured by13CO2evolution and curve fitting during laboratory incubation. The strong relations, but different MRTs, were interpreted to mean that the three methods sampled different parts of a SOC continuum. The SOC of all parts of this continuum must be affected by the same controls on SOC dynamics for this to occur. Methods for site selection, plant biomass, soil sampling and analysis were tested on agricultural, afforested\uffe2\uff80\uff90agriculture, and native forest sites to determine the controls on SOC dynamics. Soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90C changes after afforestation were \uffe2\uff88\uff920.07 to 0.55 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921on deciduous sites and \uffe2\uff88\uff920.85 to 0.58 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921under conifers. Soil N changes under afforestation ranged from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.1 to 0.025 Mg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921Ecosystem N accumulation was \uffe2\uff88\uff920.09 to 0.08 Mg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921Soil C and N sequestration but not plant biomass were related to soil Ca, Mg, and K contents. Comparative, independent assays of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term plots provides information for concept testing and the confidence necessary for decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers determining C\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycle policies.
", "keywords": ["ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SOM", "global C cycle", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1620"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1620", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1620", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2003.1620"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1620,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Interpretation of soil organic C (SOC) dynamics depends heavily on analytical methods and management systems studied. Comparison of data from long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term corn (Zea mays)\uffe2\uff80\uff90plot soils in Eastern North America showed mean residence times (MRTs) of SOC determined by14C dating were 176 times those measured with13C abundance following a 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr replacement of C3by C4plants on the same soils. However, MRTs of the two methods were related (r2= 0.71). Field13C MRTs of SOC were also related (R2= 0.55 to 0.85) to those measured by13CO2evolution and curve fitting during laboratory incubation. The strong relations, but different MRTs, were interpreted to mean that the three methods sampled different parts of a SOC continuum. The SOC of all parts of this continuum must be affected by the same controls on SOC dynamics for this to occur. Methods for site selection, plant biomass, soil sampling and analysis were tested on agricultural, afforested\uffe2\uff80\uff90agriculture, and native forest sites to determine the controls on SOC dynamics. Soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90C changes after afforestation were \uffe2\uff88\uff920.07 to 0.55 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921on deciduous sites and \uffe2\uff88\uff920.85 to 0.58 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921under conifers. Soil N changes under afforestation ranged from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.1 to 0.025 Mg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921Ecosystem N accumulation was \uffe2\uff88\uff920.09 to 0.08 Mg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921Soil C and N sequestration but not plant biomass were related to soil Ca, Mg, and K contents. Comparative, independent assays of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term plots provides information for concept testing and the confidence necessary for decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers determining C\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycle policies.
", "keywords": ["ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SOM", "global C cycle", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1620,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1620,", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1620,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2003.1620,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0327", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-26", "title": "Changes In Ecosystem Carbon Following Afforestation Of Native Sand Prairie", "description": "Determining the dynamics of carbon (C) as a function of vegetation and residue inputs is important for predicting changes in ecosystem functions and the global C cycle. Litter and soil samples were analyzed from plantations of eastern red cedar (Juniperous virginiana) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and native prairie at the Nebraska National Forest to evaluate the impact of different types of land management on soil C contents and turnover rates. Total soil C to a depth of 1 m was greatest in the cedar stands. Pine ecosystems stored more C in the tree biomass and litter but lost more native prairie C from the soil. The soil \u00b9\u00b3C content showed 82% of the original, and prairie C remained under cedars compared with \u223c45% under pine. Soil cation contents were greatest overall in cedar soils and lowest in pine. The C content in cedar soils was strongly related to Ca content. Differences in microbial community fatty acid profiles were related to vegetation type, and nutrients explained \u223c60% of the variation in profiles. Our research indicates that changes in soil C and nutrient content following conversion from prairie to forest are dependent on tree species planted, characteristics of the plant litter, and cation cycling in the plant\u2013soil system.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOC", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. 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