{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1038/srep06365", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-15", "title": "Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis", "description": "To meet the challenge of feeding a growing world population with minimal environmental impact, we need comprehensive and quantitative knowledge of ecological factors affecting crop production. Earthworms are among the most important soil dwelling invertebrates. Their activity affects both biotic and abiotic soil properties, in turn affecting plant growth. Yet, studies on the effect of earthworm presence on crop yields have not been quantitatively synthesized. Here we show, using meta-analysis, that on average earthworm presence in agroecosystems leads to a 25% increase in crop yield and a 23% increase in aboveground biomass. The magnitude of these effects depends on presence of crop residue, earthworm density and type and rate of fertilization. The positive effects of earthworms become larger when more residue is returned to the soil, but disappear when soil nitrogen availability is high. This suggests that earthworms stimulate plant growth predominantly through releasing nitrogen locked away in residue and soil organic matter. Our results therefore imply that earthworms are of crucial importance to decrease the yield gap of farmers who can't -or won't- use nitrogen fertilizer.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "agroecosystems", "Nitrogen", "growth", "n pools", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Article", "Animals", "Biomass", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "tolerance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "communities", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystem services", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06365"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep06365", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep06365", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep06365"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-19", "title": "Novel endolithic bacteria of phylum Chloroflexota reveal a myriad of potential survival strategies in the Antarctic desert", "description": "ABSTRACT

The ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are dominated by nutrient-poor mineral soil and rocky outcrops. The principal habitat for microorganisms is within rocks (endolithic). In this environment, microorganisms are provided with protection against sub-zero temperatures, rapid thermal fluctuations, extreme dryness, and ultraviolet and solar radiation. Endolithic communities include lichen, algae, fungi, and a diverse array of bacteria. Chloroflexota is among the most abundant bacterial phyla present in these communities. Among the Chloroflexota are four novel classes of bacteria, here named Candidatus Spiritibacteria class. nov. (=UBA5177), Candidatus Martimicrobia class. nov. (=UBA4733), Candidatus Tarhunnaeia class. nov. (=UBA6077), and Candidatus Uliximicrobia class. nov. (=UBA2235). We retrieved 17 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that represent these four classes. Based on genome predictions, all these bacteria are inferred to be aerobic heterotrophs that encode enzymes for the catabolism of diverse sugars. These and other organic substrates are likely derived from lichen, algae, and fungi, as metabolites (including photosynthate), cell wall components, and extracellular matrix components. The majority of MAGs encode the capacity for trace gas oxidation using high-affinity uptake hydrogenases, which could provide energy and metabolic water required for survival and persistence. Furthermore, some MAGs encode the capacity to couple the energy generated from H 2 and CO oxidation to support carbon fixation (atmospheric chemosynthesis). All encode mechanisms for the detoxification and efflux of heavy metals. Certain MAGs encode features that indicate possible interactions with other organisms, such as Tc-type toxin complexes, hemolysins, and macroglobulins.

IMPORTANCE

The ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the coldest and most hyperarid desert on Earth. It is, therefore, the closest analog to the surface of the planet Mars. Bacteria and other microorganisms survive by inhabiting airspaces within rocks (endolithic). We identify four novel classes of phylum Chloroflexota , and, based on interrogation of 17 metagenome-assembled genomes, we predict specific metabolic and physiological adaptations that facilitate the survival of these bacteria in this harsh environment\uffe2\uff80\uff94including oxidation of trace gases and the utilization of nutrients (including sugars) derived from lichen, algae, and fungi. We propose that such adaptations allow these endolithic bacteria to eke out an existence in this cold and extremely dry habitat.

", "keywords": ["570", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Antarctic Regions", "Chloroflexi", "15. Life on land", "Survival strategies", "Cold Temperature", "Extremophiles", "13. Climate action", "Antarctica", "Endolithic communities", "Metagenomics", "14. Life underwater", "Sugars", "Settore BIO/19 - MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02264-23"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.02264-23"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-14", "description": "Soil management is fundamental to all agricultural systems and fertilization practices have contributed substantially to the impressive increases in food production. Despite the pivotal role of soil microorganisms in agro-ecosystems, we still have a limited understanding of the complex response of the soil microbiota to organic and mineral fertilization in the very long-term. Here, we report the effects of different fertilization regimes (mineral, organic and combined mineral and organic fertilization), carried out for more than a century, on the structure and activity of the soil microbiome. Organic matter content, nutrient concentrations, and microbial biomass carbon were significantly increased by mineral, and even more strongly by organic fertilization. Pyrosequencing revealed significant differences between the structures of bacterial and fungal soil communities associated to each fertilization regime. Organic fertilization increased bacterial diversity, and stimulated microbial groups (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Zygomycota) that are known to prefer nutrient-rich environments, and that are involved in the degradation of complex organic compounds. In contrast, soils not receiving manure harbored distinct microbial communities enriched in oligotrophic organisms adapted to nutrient-limited environments, as Acidobacteria. The fertilization regime also affected the relative abundances of plant beneficial and detrimental microbial taxa, which may influence productivity and stability of the agroecosystem. As expected, the activity of microbial exoenzymes involved in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous mineralization were enhanced by both types of fertilization. However, in contrast to comparable studies, the highest chitinase and phosphatase activities were observed in the solely mineral fertilized soil. Interestingly, these two enzymes showed also a particular high biomass-specific activities and a strong negative relation with soil pH. As many soil parameters are known to change slowly, the particularity of unchanged fertilization treatments since 1902 allows a profound assessment of linkages between management and abiotic as well as biotic soil parameters. Our study revealed that pH and TOC were the majors, while nitrogen and phosphorous pools were minors, drivers for structure and activity of the soil microbial community. Due to the long-term treatments studied, our findings likely represent permanent and stable, rather than transient, responses of soil microbial communities to fertilization.", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "long-term fertilization", "microbial biomass", "15. Life on land", "microbial activity", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "soil microbial communities", "soil nutrients", "454 pyrosequencing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197770", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-24", "title": "Effects of tomato inoculation with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum on spider mite resistance and the rhizosphere microbial community", "description": "

Entomopathogenic fungi have been well exploited as biocontrol agents that can kill insects through direct contact. However, recent research has shown that they can also play an important role as plant endophytes, stimulating plant growth, and indirectly suppressing pest populations. In this study, we examined the indirect, plant-mediated, effects of a strain of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum on plant growth and population growth of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) in tomato, using different inoculation methods (seed treatment, soil drenching and a combination of both). Furthermore, we investigated changes in tomato leaf metabolites (sugars and phenolics), and rhizosphere microbial communities in response to M. brunneum inoculation and spider mite feeding. A significant reduction in spider mite population growth was observed in response to M. brunneum inoculation. The reduction was strongest when the inoculum was supplied both as seed treatment and soil drench. This combination treatment also yielded the highest shoot and root biomass in both spider mite-infested and non-infested plants, while spider mite infestation increased shoot but reduced root biomass. Fungal treatments did not consistently affect leaf chlorogenic acid and rutin concentrations, but M. brunneum inoculation via a combination of seed treatment and soil drenching reinforced chlorogenic acid (CGA) induction in response to spider mites and under these conditions the strongest spider mite resistance was observed. However, it is unclear whether the M. brunneum-induced increase in CGA contributed to the observed spider mite resistance, as no general association between CGA levels and spider mite resistance was observed. Spider mite infestation resulted in up to two-fold increase in leaf sucrose concentrations and a three to five-fold increase in glucose and fructose concentrations, but these concentrations were not affected by fungal inoculation. Metarhizium, especially when applied as soil drench, impacted the fungal community composition but not the bacterial community composition which was only affected by the presence of spider mites. Our results suggest that in addition to directly killing spider mites, M. brunneum can indirectly suppress spider mite populations on tomato, although the underlying mechanism has not yet been resolved, and can also affect the composition of the soil microbial community.

Rhizodegradation enhances pollutant degradation through plant\u2013microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. Plant roots provide a colonisation surface and root exudates that promote microbial abundance and activity, facilitating organic pollutant breakdown via direct microbial degradation and co-metabolism. This study assessed the rhizodegradation of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) in heavy metal co-contaminated soil in a microcosm-scale pot trial. Treatments included Sinapis alba, Lolium perenne, a L. perenne + Trifolium repens mix, and Cichorium intybus, alongside a non-planted control. After 14 weeks, PHC concentrations were analysed via gas chromatography, and rhizosphere microbial communities were characterised through sequencing. Sinapis alba achieved the highest PHC degradation (68%), significantly exceeding the non-planted control (p < 0.05, Kruskal\u2013Wallis test). Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, including KCM-B-112, C1-B045, Hydrogenophaga, unclassified Saccharimonadales sp., and Pedobacter, were enriched in the rhizosphere, with the uncultured clade mle1-27 potentially contributing indirectly. Metals analysis of plant tissues showed that mustard could accumulate copper more than lead and zinc, despite higher concentrations of zinc and lead in the soil. These results highlight the potential of S. alba for rhizoremediation in PHC\u2013heavy metal co-contaminated soils.

", "keywords": ["petroleum hydrocarbons", "bioremediation", "QH301-705.5", "microbial communities", "phytoremediation", "Biology (General)", "heavy metals", "rhizodegradation", "Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robert Conlon, David N. Dowling, Kieran J. Germaine,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040848"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/microorganisms13040848", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/microorganisms13040848", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/microorganisms13040848"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12075", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-02", "title": "Above- And Belowground Linkages In Sphagnum Peatland: Climate Warming Affects Plant-Microbial Interactions", "description": "Abstract

Peatlands contain approximately one third of all soil organic carbon (SOC). Warming can alter above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground linkages that regulate soil organic carbon dynamics and C\uffe2\uff80\uff90balance in peatlands. Here we examine the multiyear impact of in situ experimental warming on the microbial food web, vegetation, and their feedbacks with soil chemistry. We provide evidence of both positive and negative impacts of warming on specific microbial functional groups, leading to destabilization of the microbial food web. We observed a strong reduction (70%) in the biomass of top\uffe2\uff80\uff90predators (testate amoebae) in warmed plots. Such a loss caused a shortening of microbial food chains, which in turn stimulated microbial activity, leading to slight increases in levels of nutrients and labile C in water. We further show that warming altered the regulatory role of Sphagnum\uffe2\uff80\uff90polyphenols on microbial community structure with a potential inhibition of top predators. In addition, warming caused a decrease in Sphagnum cover and an increase in vascular plant cover. Using structural equation modelling, we show that changes in the microbial food web affected the relationships between plants, soil water chemistry, and microbial communities. These results suggest that warming will destabilize C and nutrient recycling of peatlands via changes in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground linkages, and therefore, the microbial food web associated with mosses will feedback positively to global warming by destabilizing the carbon cycle. This study confirms that microbial food webs thus constitute a key element in the functioning of peatland ecosystems. Their study can help understand how mosses, as ecosystem engineers, tightly regulate biogeochemical cycling and climate feedback in peatlands

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "water chemistry", "food chains", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "microbial food web", "testate amoebae", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "plant and microbial communities", "13. Climate action", "Host-Pathogen Interactions", "Sphagnopsida", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "polyphenols"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12075"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12075", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12075", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12075"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-03", "title": "Dissolved Organic Carbon Cycling, Methane Emissions And Related Microbial Populations In Temperate Rice Paddies With Contrasting Straw And Water Management", "description": "Abstract Rice cultivation is recognised as a pivotal source of atmospheric methane (CH4), accounting for 11% of global emissions. The main drivers of CH4 production are redox conditions of soil, substrate availability, and abundance of methanogenic archaea, all potentially governed by management practices for straw and water management. In the present study, we combined crop residue and water management practices aimed at limiting substrate availability and reducing soil conditions required for methanogenesis, and tested their efficiency for mitigating CH4 emission in a field trial conducted on a long-term experimental platform. Combined straw and water management practices (i.e. the early crop residue incorporation, AUT, the adoption of dry with respect to water seeding, DRY, and the straw removal, REM) were effective in reducing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, methanogenic abundances and overall CH4 fluxes, with respect to the typical technique adopted in the Italian rice district that involves spring incorporation of straw and water seeding (SPR). The latter treatment enhanced substrate availability as well as favoured methanogenic archaea abundances and resulted in the highest CH4 fluxes and cumulative emissions. Treatments AUT and REM showed similar behaviours, reducing emissions of SPR by 48% and 46%, respectively. The highest mitigation efficiency was obtained by DRY that reduced emissions by 69% as a result of the oxic soil conditions during the early vegetative stage, the decreased substrate availability with the onset of field flooding, and the lower abundance of methanogenic communities.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Rice straw incorporation", " Water or dry seeding", " Methanogenic and methanotrophic communities", " Straw decomposition", " Reductive dissolution", " Methane eco-efficiency.", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1670198/3/AE%26E_265_292%20Open%20access.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-11", "title": "Grazing Exclusion Reduced Soil Respiration But Increased Its Temperature Sensitivity In A Meadow Grassland On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Abstract

Understanding anthropogenic influences on soil respiration (Rs) is critical for accurate predictions of soil carbon fluxes, but it is not known how Rs responds to grazing exclusion (GE). Here, we conducted a manipulative experiment in a meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the effects of GE on Rs. The exclusion of livestock significantly increased soil moisture and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass, but it decreased soil temperature, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and Rs. Regression analysis indicated that the effects of GE on Rs were mainly due to changes in soil temperature, soil moisture, and MBC. Compared with the grazed blocks, GE significantly decreased soil carbon release by 23.6% over the growing season and 21.4% annually, but it increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs by 6.5% and 14.2% for the growing season and annually respectively. Therefore, GE may reduce the release of soil carbon from the Tibetan Plateau, but under future climate warming scenarios, the increases in Q10 induced by GE could lead to increased carbon emissions.

", "keywords": ["570", "MICROBIAL RESPIRATION", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "Plant Productivity", "Temperature Sensitivity", "ALPINE GRASSLAND", "630", "Microbial Biomass Carbon", "NORTHERN CHINA", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "MOUNTAIN GRASSLANDS", "Grazing Exclusion", "Tibetan Plateau", "PLANT-COMMUNITIES", "Original Research", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "CO2 EFFLUX", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "INNER-MONGOLIA", "BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS", "Soil Respiration", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3080", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-04", "title": "A framework for scaling sustainable land management options", "description": "Abstract

Improvements in land use and management are needed at a global scale to tackle interconnected global challenges of population growth, poverty, migration, climate change, biodiversity loss, and degrading land and water resources. There are hundreds of technical options for improving the sustainability of land management and preventing or reversing degradation, but there are many sociocultural, institutional, economic, and policy barriers hindering their adoption at large scale. To tackle this challenge, the Dryland Systems Program of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification convened an expert group to consider barriers and incentives to scaling technologies, processes, policies, or institutional arrangements. The group reviewed existing frameworks for scaling sustainable land management (SLM) interventions across a range of contexts and identified eight critical actions for success: (a) plan iteratively; (b) consistently fund; (c) select SLM options for scaling based on best available evidence; (d) identify and engage with stakeholders at all scales; (e) build capacity for scaling; (f) foster institutional leadership and policy change to support scaling; (g) achieve early benefits and incentives for as many stakeholders as possible; and (h) monitor, evaluate, and communicate. Incentives for scaling were identified for the private sector, farmers and their communities, and policy makers. Based on these findings, a new action framework for scaling is presented that analyses the contexts where specific SLM interventions can be scaled, so that SLM options can be screened and adapted to these contexts, piloted and disseminated. The framework can help countries achieve land degradation neutrality.Studies on tree CH4 exchange in boreal forests regarding seasonality and role of tree canopies are rare. We aimed to quantify the contribution of boreal trees to the forest CH4 budget during spring leaf-out and to reveal the role of microbes in the CH4 exchange.

Methods

Methane fluxes of downy birch and Norway spruce (Betula pubescens and Picea abies) growing on fen and upland sites were measured together with soil CH4 flux, environmental variables and microbial abundances involved in the CH4 cycle. Tree CH4 fluxes were studied from three stem heights and from shoots.

Results

The trees emitted CH4 with higher stem emissions detected from birch and higher shoot emissions from spruce. The stem CH4 emissions from birches at the fen were high (mean 45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921), decreasing with stem height. Their dynamics followed soil temperature, suggesting the emitted CH4 originated from methanogenic activity, manifested in high mcrA gene copy numbers, in the peat soil. Methanogens were below the quantification limit in the tree tissues. Upscaled tree CH4 emissions accounted for 22% of the total CH4 emissions at the fen.

Conclusions

The variation in stem CH4 flux between the trees and habitats is high, and the emissions from high-emitting birches increase as the spring proceeds. The lack of detection of methanogens or methanotrophs in the aboveground plant tissues suggests that these microbes did not have a significant role in the observed tree-derived fluxes. The stem-emitted CH4 from birches at the fen is presumably produced microbially in the soil.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "550", "Methanogens", "LIVING TREES", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "Methanotrophs", "METHANE EMISSIONS", "SAP FLOW", "Boreal forest", "Waterlogging", "PRECURSOR", "0303 health sciences", "BIOMASS EQUATIONS", "NORWAY SPRUCE", "Forestry", "Methane fux", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "METHANOTROPHS", "13. Climate action", "RADIATION", "Methane flux", "VEGETATION", "COMMUNITIES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-021-05140-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-12", "title": "Seasonal variation in AMF colonisation, soil and plant nutrient content in gypsum specialist and generalist species growing in P-poor soils", "description": "AbstractAims

Gypsum soils are P-limited atypical soils that harbour a rich endemic flora. These singular soils are usually found in drylands, where plant activity and soil nutrient availability are seasonal. No previous studies have analysed the seasonality of P nutrition and its interaction with the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) colonisation in gypsum plants. Our aim was to evaluate the seasonal changes in plant nutrient status, AMF colonisation and rhizospheric soil nutrient availability in gypsum specialist and generalist species.

Methods

We evaluated seasonal variation in the proportion of root length colonised by AMF structures (hyphae, vesicules and arbuscules), plant nutrient status (leaf C, N and P and fine root C and N) and rhizospheric soil content (P, organic matter, nitrate and ammonium) of three gypsum specialists and two generalists throughout a year.

Results

All species showed arbuscules within roots, including species ofCaryophyllaceaeandBrassicaceae. Root colonisation by arbuscules (AC) was higher in spring than in other seasons, when plants showed high leaf P-requirements. Higher AC was decoupled from inorganic N and P availability in rhizospheric soil, and foliar nutrient content. Generalists showed higher AC than specialists, but only in spring.

Conclusions

Seasonality was found in AMF colonisation, rhizospheric soil content and plant nutrient status. The mutualism between plants and AMF was highest in spring, when P-requirements are higher for plants, especially in generalists. However, AMF decoupled from plant demands in autumn, when nutrient availability increases in rhizospheric soil.Abstract

Background The plant phyllosphere is a well-studied habitat characterized by low nutrient availability and high community dynamics. In contrast, plant trichomes, known for their production of a large number of metabolites, are a yet unexplored habitat for microbes. We analyzed the phyllosphere as well as trichomes of two tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum LA4024, S. habrochaites LA1777) by targeting bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments.Results Leaves, leaves without trichomes, and trichomes alone harbored similar abundances of bacteria (108- 109 16S rRNA gene copy numbers per gram of sample). In contrast, bacterial diversity was found significantly increased in trichome samples (Shannon index: 4.4 vs. 2.5). Moreover, the community composition was significantly different when assessed with beta diversity analysis and corresponding statistical tests. At the bacterial class level, Alphaproteobacteria (23.6%) were significantly increased, whereas Bacilli (8.6%) were decreased in trichomes. The bacterial family Sphingomonadacea (8.4%) was identified as the most prominent, trichome-specific taxa; Burkholderiaceae and Actinobacteria showed similar pattern. Moreover, Sphingomonas was identified as a central element in the core microbiome of trichome samples, while distinct low-abundant bacterial families including Hymenobacteraceae and Alicyclobacillaceae were exclusively found in trichome samples. Niche preferences were statistically significant for both genotypes and genotype-specific enrichments were further observed.Conclusion Our results provide first evidence of a highly specific trichome microbiome in tomato and show the importance of micro-niches for the structure of bacterial communities on leaves. These findings provide further clues for breeding, plant pathology and protection as well as so far unexplored natural pathogen defense strategies.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant microhabitat", "0303 health sciences", "Plant microbiome", "Trichomes", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "Bacterial communities", "QR1-502", "Environmental sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Solanum habrochaites", "plant microbiome", " bacterial communities", " plant-microbe interactions", " Solanum habrochaites", " Solanum lycopersicum", " plant microhabitat", " phyllosphere", " trichomes", "GE1-350", "Phyllosphere", "Plant-microbe interactions", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40793-020-00364-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-25108/v1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiome", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-25108/v1", "name": "item", "description": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-25108/v1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21203/rs.3.rs-25108/v1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.03.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-20", "title": "Effects Of Organic Versus Conventional Management On Chemical And Biological Parameters In Agricultural Soils", "description": "Abstract A comparative study of organic and conventional arable farming systems was conducted in The Netherlands to determine the effect of management practices on chemical and biological soil properties and soil health. Soils from thirteen accredited organic farms and conventionally managed neighboring farms were analyzed using a polyphasic approach combining traditional soil analysis, culture-dependent and independent microbiological analyses, a nematode community analysis and an enquiry about different management practices among the farmers. Organic management, known primarily for the abstinence of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, resulted in significantly lower levels of both nitrate and total soluble nitrogen in the soil, higher numbers of bacteria of different trophic groups, as well as larger species richness in both bacteria and nematode communities and more resilience to a drying\u2013rewetting disturbance in the soil. The organic farmers plough their fields less deeply and tend to apply more organic carbon to their fields, but this did not result in a significantly higher organic carbon content in their soils. The levels of ammonium, organic nitrogen, phosphate and total phosphorus did not differ, significantly between the soils under different management. Fifty percent of the conventional Dutch farmers also used organic fertilizers and the numbers of farmers using a green crop fertilizer did not differ between the two management types. Soil type \u2013 clayey or sandy soil \u2013 in general had a much stronger effect on the soil characteristics than management type. The soil type influenced pH, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and organic carbon levels as well as numbers of oligotrophic bacteria and of different groups of nematodes, and different diversity indices. With the collected data set certain soil characteristics could also be attributed to the use of different management practices like plow depth, crop or cover crop type or to the management history of the soil.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "agroecosystems", "microbial-populations", "species composition", "plant", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maturity index", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "diversity", "communities", "gradient gel-electrophoresis", "low-input", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "van Diepeningen, A.D., de Vos, O.J., Korthals, G.W., van Bruggen, A.H.C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.03.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.03.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.03.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.03.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-11", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Precipitation Manipulation And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Properties In California Grassland And Shrubland", "description": "Abstract Soil microbial communities and pools of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play an important role in ecosystem responses to precipitation variability and N deposition. In southern California, ecosystem vulnerability to these environmental change drivers may differ for grassland versus shrubland vegetation types. We hypothesized that (1) these vegetation types would differ in their responses to precipitation and N manipulation; (2) reduced precipitation (\u201cdrought treatment\u201d) would have a negative effect on soil microbial abundance and alter microbial community composition, (3) these changes would be associated with reductions in soil C and N pools, (4) N addition would increase microbial abundance as well as soil C and N pools, and (5) combined drought and N deposition would have offsetting effects on soil properties. We tested these hypotheses at the Loma Ridge Global Change Experiment in southern California. Across vegetation types, we found that microbial biomass based on phospholipid fatty acids declined with drought and N addition. Microbial composition differed more strongly by vegetation type than with environmental change treatments. Added precipitation had little effect on microbial biomass but reduced labile C and N pools; these reductions were mitigated by N addition. Drought reduced labile forms of soil C and N, whereas N addition increased labile soil C pools and all soil N pools. Negative effects of drought and N addition were additive for microbial biomass, which could inhibit soil C cycling if both of these environmental changes occur together. Drought interacted with N addition to significantly increase the most labile N pool under the drought\u00a0+\u00a0N treatment, which suggests a build-up of available N under these conditions. These results imply that multiple environmental changes may combine non-additively to affect below-ground microorganisms and soil C and N pools, which may have important consequences for ecosystem services such as productivity, biodiversity, and soil quality in Mediterranean climate regimes of North America.", "keywords": ["Veterinary and Food Sciences", "Soil Science", "Microbial communities", "Shrubland", "veterinary and food sciences", "Carbon and nitrogen cycle", "11. Sustainability", "Global change", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "Drought", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Ecology", "Forestry Sciences", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1p4898qc/qt1p4898qc.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-21", "title": "Time-Scale Effects In The Interaction Between A Large And A Small Herbivore", "description": "

In the short term, grazing will mainly affect plant biomass and forage quality. However, grazing can affect plant species composition by accelerating or retarding succession at longer time-scales. Few studies concerning interactions among herbivores have taken the change in plant species composition into account. In a salt-marsh system, the longterm effects of exclusion of a large herbivore (cattle) on the abundance of a small herbivore (hare) were studied. Excluding cattle grazing for 30 years resulted in large changes in vegetation composition. In general, the cover of tall-growing species increased in the absence of cattle grazing. These long-term changes negatively affected hare grazing intensity. Hares preferentially fed on Festuca rubra and negatively selected tall growing plants, such as Elymus athericus, both in cattle-grazed and long-term ungrazed areas. However, the intensity of hare grazing was not related to the cover of F rubra. The cover of tall-growing plants (E athericus, A triplex prostrata and Juncus maritimus) appeared to be the best predictor and hare grazing intensity decreased sharply with an increase of the cover of tall plants. When cover of tall plants did not increase, hare grazing intensity was not affected. The study shows that the time-scale of the experiment is of prime importance in studying interactions between herbivores. Species that do not seem to influence the abundance of one another or are competing for the same resources on a short time-scale might well be facilitating each other when looking at larger time-scales while taking plant species replacement into account. (c) 2007 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Lepus europaeus", "productivity", "SUCCESSION", "COMPETITION", "brown hares", "barnacle geese", "HARES LEPUS-EUROPAEUS", "BARNACLE GEESE", "01 natural sciences", "facilitation", "SALT-MARSH", "MANAGEMENT", "BROWN HARES", "tall plants", "2. Zero hunger", "exclosures", "15. Life on land", "FACILITATION", "succession", "communities", "salt marsh", "hares lepus-europaeus", "salt-marsh", "13. Climate action", "mountain hares", "MOUNTAIN HARES", "COMMUNITIES", "competition", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Basic%20and%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.10.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-26", "title": "Grazing Exclusion Significantly Improves Grassland Ecosystem C And N Pools In A Desert Steppe Of Northwest China", "description": "Abstract Grazing exclusion is often implemented as an effective management practice to increase the sustainability of grassland ecosystems. However, it remains unclear if grazing exclusion can improve ecosystem services related to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration in grassland ecosystems. We investigated the effects of 11\u00a0years of grazing exclusion on plant biomass and diversity, soil properties (pH, soil water content (SWC), bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio), and the C and N stocks of plants and soils in a desert grassland of Northwest China. Grazing exclusion improved plant aboveground biomass and diversity, as well as SWC, SOC, and TN contents, but lowered the belowground biomass, root/shoot ratio, pH, and BD. Moreover, grazing exclusion strongly influenced the C and N stocks of the ecosystem, and the annual mean ecosystem C and N sequestration rates were 0.47 and 0.09\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 \u00a0yr \u2212\u00a01 , respectively, over 11\u00a0years of grazing exclusion. Soil C stocks were most dynamic in the top 30\u00a0cm of the soil, and N stocks mainly changed in the top 20\u00a0cm after grazing exclusion. Our results indicated that grazing exclusion is an effective measurement on improving the ecosystem C and N pools in desert steppe of Northwest China.", "keywords": ["SOIL ORGANIC C", "0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Sequestration", "550", "MICROBIAL-COMMUNITY", "SPATIAL VARIABILITY", "PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "Soil Science", "01 natural sciences", "Soil Prosperities", "CENTRAL ARGENTINA", "CARBON STORAGE", "PLANT-COMMUNITIES", "Vegetation Characteristics", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "Multidisciplinary", "PRODUCTIVITY", "Nitrogen Sequestration", "Geology", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "INNER-MONGOLIA", "Grazing", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "Water Resources", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fencing", "LOESS PLATEAU CHINA", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Geosciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.10.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.10.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.10.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2015.10.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2021.126443", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-24", "title": "An Integrated Weed Management framework: A pan-European perspective", "description": "

Initiatives to reduce the reliance of agriculture on pesticides, including the European Union (EU) Directive 2009/128/EC on the sustainable use of pesticides (SUD), have yet to lead to widespread implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles. Developments in weed management have strongly focused on increasing the efficiency of herbicides or substituting herbicides with other single tactics such as mechanical control. To increase sustainability of agricultural systems in practice, a paradigm shift in weed management is needed: from a single tactic and single growing season approach towards holistic integrated weed management (IWM) considering more than a single cropping season and focusing on management of weed communities, rather than on control of single species. To support this transition, an IWM framework for implementing a system level approach is presented. The framework consists of five pillars: diverse cropping systems, cultivar choice and establishment, field and soil management, direct control and the cross-cutting pillar monitoring and evaluation. IWM is an integral part of integrated pest management (IPM) and adopting IWM will serve as a driver for the development of sustainable agricultural systems of the future.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agroecology; Diversification; Holistic weed management; Weed communities", "Diversification", "Holistic weed management", "Weed communities", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agroecology", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/544391/1/Riemens%20et%20al_2022_EURAGR_final.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2021.126443"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2021.126443", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2021.126443", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2021.126443"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112162", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-19", "title": "High pressure processing at the early stages of ripening enhances the safety and quality of dry fermented sausages elaborated with or without starter culture", "description": "To study the quality of chorizo de Le\u00f3n dry fermented sausages (DFS), high pressure processing (HPP) applied at the early stages of ripening and the use of a functional starter culture were evaluated as additional safety measures. Furthermore, the ability to control the populations of artificially inoculated Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium was investigated and the evolution of microbial communities was assessed by amplicon 16S rRNA metataxonomics. The use of HPP and the starter culture, independently or combined, induced a reduction of Listeria monocytogenes of 1.5, 4.3 and\u00a0>\u00a04.8 log CFU/g respectively, as compared to control. Salmonella Typhimurium counts were under the detection limit (<1 log) in all treated end-product samples. Both additional measures reduced the activity of undesirable microbiota, such as Serratia and Brochothrix, during the production of DFS. Moreover, the starter culture highly influencedthe taxonomic profile of samples.No adverse sensory effects were observed, and panelists showed preference for HPP treated DFS. In conclusion, this new approach of applying HPP at the early stages of ripening of DFS in combination with the use of a defined starter culture improved the safety and quality of the meat product.", "keywords": ["Salmonella typhimurium", "2. Zero hunger", "Tecnolog\u00eda de los alimentos", "Ripening", "Microbial communities", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Preservation", "Meat Products", "High Hydrostatic Pressure", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Fermentation", "Lactic acid bacteria", "Fermented meat", "0405 other agricultural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112162"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Research%20International", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112162", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112162", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112162"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114342", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-23", "title": "Microplastics in seafood: Consumer preferences and valuation for mitigation technologies", "description": "Abstract

Microplastics, an emerging pollutant, have garnered widespread attention due to potential repercussions on human health and the environment. Given the critical role of seafood in food security, growing concerns about microplastics might be detrimental to meeting future global food demand. This study employs a discrete choice experiment to investigate Chilean consumers' preferences for technology aimed at mitigating microplastic levels in mussels. Using a between-subjects design with information treatments, we examined the impact of informing consumers about potential human health and environmental effects linked to microplastics pollution on their valuation for the technology. We found that the information treatments increased consumers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 willingness to pay for them. Specifically, consumers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 willingness to pay for mussels with a 90% depuration efficiency certification is around US$ 4. The provision of health impact information increased the price premium by 56%, while the provision of environmental information increased it by 21%. Furthermore, combined health and environmental information significantly increased the probability of non-purchasing behavior by 22.8% and the risk perception of microplastics for human health by 5.8%. These results emphasize the critical role of information in shaping consumer preferences and provide evidence for validating investment in research and development related to microplastic pollution mitigation measures.10 \u03bcm) in Danish marine waters", "description": "Microplastics (MPs) were quantified in Danish marine waters of the Kattegat and the southernmost part of Skagerrak bordering to it. Kattegat is a waterbody between Denmark and Sweden that receives inflow from the Baltic Sea and direct urban runoff from the metropolitan area of Copenhagen and Malm\u00f6. MPs were measured in 14 continuous transects while steaming between monitoring stations. MP levels tended to be highest close to the Copenhagen-Malm\u00f6 area, albeit this was more obvious from the abundance of particles rather than mass. The outcome of the measurements allowed a rough MP budget in the Danish Straits region, suggesting that urban waste- and stormwater discharges could not be neglected as potential MP source in these waters. The marine samples were collected by pumping and filtering water over 10 \u03bcm steel filters, hereby sampling a total of 19.3 m3. They were prepared and analyzed by FPA-\u03bcFTIR imaging, and the scans interpreted to yield MP size, shape, polymer type, and estimated mass. The average concentration was 103 \u00b1 86 items m-3, corresponding to 23.3 \u00b1 28.3 \u03bcg m-3 (17-286 items m-3; 0.6-84.1 \u03bcg m-3). Most MPs were smaller than 100 \u03bcm and fragments dominated the samples. The carbonyl index was assessed for polyolefins, showing that oxidation increased with decreasing MP size, but did not correlate with distance to urban areas. A rough budget of MP in the Danish Straits region suggested that MPs discharged from urban waste- and stormwaters were an import source of MPs.", "keywords": ["MP abundance", "13. Climate action", "Microplastics", "\u03bcFTIR-imaging", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water; name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "11. Sustainability", "Microplastic sources", "Mass concentration", "14. Life underwater", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/sustainable_cities_and_communities; name=SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161255", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.05.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-11", "title": "Hydrolase Activities, Microbial Biomass And Bacterial Community In A Soil After Long-Term Amendment With Different Composts", "description": "Open AccessThe use of composts in agricultural soils is a widespread practice and the positive effects on soil and plants are known from numerous studies. However, there have been few attempts to compare the effects of different kinds of composts in one single study. The aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent and to which soil depth four major types of composts would affect the soil and its microbiota. In a crop-rotation field experiment, composts produced from (i) urban organic wastes, (ii) green wastes, (iii) manure and (iv) sewage sludge were applied at a rate equivalent to 175 kg N ha\u22121 yr\u22121 for 12 years. General (total organic C (Corg), total N (Nt), microbial biomass C (Cmic), and basal respiration), specific (enzyme activities related to C, N and P cycles), biochemical properties and bacterial genetic diversity (based on DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA) were analyzed at different depths (0\u201310, 10\u201320 and 20\u201330 cm). Compost treatment increased Corg at all depths from 11 g kg\u22121 for control soil to 16.7 g kg\u22121 for the case of sewage sludge compost. Total N increased with compost treatment at 0\u201310 cm and 10\u201320 cm depths, but not at 20\u201330 cm. Basal respiration and Cmic declined with depth, and the composts resulted in an increase of Cmic and basal respiration. Enzyme activities were different depend on the enzyme and among compost treatments, but in general, the enzyme activities were higher in the upper layers (0\u201310 and 10\u201320 cm) than in the 20\u201330 cm layer. Diversity of ammonia oxidizers and bacteria was lower in the control than in the compost soils. The type of compost had less influence on the composition of the microbial communities than did soil depth.", "keywords": ["PCR-DGGE", "2. Zero hunger", "Microbial activity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Composts", "Hydrolase activities", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Bacterial communities", "6. Clean water", "Ammonia oxidizers", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.05.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.05.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.05.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.05.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12418", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-12", "title": "Soil Microbial And Nutrient Responses To 7years Of Seasonally Altered Precipitation In A Chihuahuan Desert Grassland", "description": "Abstract

Soil microbial communities in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands generally experience highly variable spatiotemporal rainfall patterns. Changes in precipitation regimes can affect belowground ecosystem processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling by altering soil microbial community structure and function. The objective of this study was to determine if increased seasonal precipitation frequency and magnitude over a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period would generate a persistent shift in microbial community characteristics and soil nutrient availability. We supplemented natural rainfall with large events (one/winter and three/summer) to simulate increased precipitation based on climate model predictions for this region. We observed a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year delay in microbial responses to supplemental precipitation treatments. In years 3\uffe2\uff80\uff935, higher microbial biomass, arbuscular mycorrhizae abundance, and soil enzyme C and P acquisition activities were observed in the supplemental water plots even during extended drought periods. In years 5\uffe2\uff80\uff937, available soil P was consistently lower in the watered plots compared to control plots. Shifts in soil P corresponded to higher fungal abundances, microbial C utilization activity, and soilpH. This study demonstrated that 25% shifts in seasonal rainfall can significantly influence soil microbial and nutrient properties, which in turn may have long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects on nutrient cycling and plant P uptake in this desert grassland.

", "keywords": ["precipitation manipulation", "Climate Change", "Rain", "extreme climate events", "Soil", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Big Bend National Park", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Bacteria", "Microbiota", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Texas", "6. Clean water", "desert ecosystems", "13. Climate action", "soil microbial communities", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Desert Climate", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4v79d7f4/qt4v79d7f4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12418"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12418", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12418", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12418"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.01.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-29", "title": "Soil microbial communities with greater investment in resource acquisition have lower growth yield", "description": "Abstract

Resource acquisition and growth yield are fundamental traits of microorganisms that have consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of empirical observations linking these traits. Using a landscape-scale survey of temperate near-neutral pH soils, we show tradeoffs in key community-level parameters linked to these traits. Increased investment into extracellular enzymes was associated with reduced growth yield; this reduction was linked more to carbon than nitrogen acquisition enzymes suggesting smaller stoichiometric constraints on community metabolism in examined soils.Under controlled laboratory conditions, high and low ammonium availability are known to favor soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) communities, respectively. However, whether this niche segregation is maintained under field conditions in terrestrial ecosystems remains unresolved, particularly at the global scale. We hypothesized that perennial vegetation might favor AOB vs. AOA communities compared with adjacent open areas devoid of perennial vegetation (i.e., bare soil) via several mechanisms, including increasing the amount of ammonium in soil. To test this niche-differentiation hypothesis, we conducted a global field survey including 80 drylands from 6 continents. Data supported our hypothesis, as soils collected under plant canopies had higher levels of ammonium, as well as higher richness (number of terminal restriction fragments; T-RFs) and abundance (qPCR amoA genes) of AOB, and lower richness and abundance of AOA, than those collected in open areas located between plant canopies. Some of the reported associations between plant canopies and AOA and AOB communities can be a consequence of the higher organic matter and available N contents found under plant canopies. Other aspects of soils associated with vegetation including shading and microclimatic conditions might also help explain our results. Our findings provide strong evidence for niche differentiation between AOA and AOB communities in drylands worldwide, advancing our understanding of their ecology and biogeography at the global scale.The pedogenesis from the mineral substrate released upon glacier melting has been explained with the succession of consortia of pioneer microorganisms, whose structure and functionality are determined by the environmental conditions developing in the moraine. However, the microbiome variability that can be expected in the environmentally heterogeneous niches occurring in a moraine at a given successional stage is poorly investigated. In a 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89m2 area in the forefield of the Lobuche glacier (Himalayas, 5050\uffe2\uff80\uff89m above sea level), we studied six sites of primary colonization presenting different topographical features (orientation, elevation and slope) and harbouring greyish/dark biological soil crusts (BSCs). The spatial vicinity of the sites opposed to their topographical differences, allowed us to examine the effect of environmental conditions independently from the time of deglaciation. The bacterial microbiome diversity and their co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurrence network, the bacterial metabolisms predicted from 16S rRNA gene high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput sequencing, and the microbiome intact polar lipids were investigated in the BSCs and the underlying sediment deep layers (DLs). Different bacterial microbiomes inhabited the BSCs and the DLs, and their composition varied among sites, indicating a niche\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific role of the micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental conditions in the bacterial communities' assembly. In the heterogeneous sediments of glacier moraines, physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical and micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic variations at the site\uffe2\uff80\uff90spatial scale are crucial in shaping the microbiome microvariability and structuring the pioneer bacterial communities during pedogenesis.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Pedogenesis", "0303 health sciences", "Glacier Foreland Succession", "Bacteria", "Biological soil crust", "15. Life on land", "Primary Colonization", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Glacier Moraines", "Cold Deserts", "Pioneer Bacterial Communities", "Ice Cover", "Soil moisture", "Research Articles", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/949070/2/Rolli%20et%20al%202022%20Environmental%20micro%e2%80%90niche%20filtering%20shapes%20bacterial%20pioneer%20communities.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=302678/40A25368-9064-4886-B8E6-E7942511FA71.pdf&pub_id=302678"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16268"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1462-2920.16268", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1462-2920.16268", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1462-2920.16268"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1009727804007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-22", "description": "

Micropatterns induced by sheep grazing, were studied in three consecutive years in a Festuca rubra-dominated salt marsh in a grazing trial with five different stocking rates (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 10 sheep ha(-1)). The micropatterns were formed by a mosaic of short and tall F. rubra stands on a scale of square decimeters. Permanent transects of 2 m x 10 m were used to study the stability of these patterns, and to analyze interactions between the vegetation, the marsh elevation and the sheep. Micropatterns occurred only in the lightly to moderately grazed paddocks (1.5-4.5 sheep ha(-1)) with the highest spatial diversity in the 3 sheep ha(-1) transect. When grazing was excluded, micropatterns did not develop; nor did they develop in the traditionally and most intensively grazed paddock (10 sheep ha(-1)). Detailed observations in one year showed that crude-protein content did not differ between green leaves from the short and tall stands, whereas in vitro digestibility was slightly higher in the short stands. In the same year, tiller density and length of full-grown leaves increased substantially in both stands from May to September. At the same time, sheep preference shifted from tall to short stands, which suggests an interplay between intake rate and digestibility in the sheep selectivity.

Seven years after establishment of the grazing trial, the 10 sheep ha(-1) transect still showed a smooth relief typical of the starting point of the other transects. These transects developed a more hummocky topography, with the highest spatial diversity occurring on the 1.5 sheep ha(-1) transect. Marsh elevations were on average up to 3 cm lower in the short than in the tall stands, which indicates that the somewhat lower-elevated patches were grazed more intensively than the higher-elevated patches.

In most cases, micropatterns changed from one year to the other, probably due to weather fluctuations. The incidence of tall stands was influenced by the rainfall balance. If the incidences of both the short and the tall stands were around 50%, however, the micropatterns showed a clear correlation with the marsh elevation. The rainfall balance seemed therefore a decisive factor for a possible correspondence between micropatterns in two consecutive years. Elevation differences were so subtle that greater than average sedimentation during a winter season could change the elevation pattern. Hence both rainfall balance and winter sedimentation counteracted the stability of the micropatterns. During our three-year study period, micropatterns were only stable in one out of six possible paired comparisons. This low micropattern stability contrasts with other studies in inland environments, which shows that in more dynamic environments, abiotic processes are likely to overrule summer grazing in determining vegetation patterns.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Festuca rubra", "GRASSLAND", "GEESE", "CATTLE", "grazing pattern", "AFFECTING DIET SELECTION", "micropattern", "15. Life on land", "BIOMASS", "GRASSES", "salt marsh", "herbivore selectivity", "PATCH CHOICE", "sheep grazing", "EARLY ESTABLISHMENT", "COMMUNITIES", "GERMINATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009727804007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1009727804007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1009727804007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1009727804007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41396-018-0335-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-03", "title": "Ant colonies promote the diversity of soil microbial communities", "description": "Abstract

Little is known about the role of ant colonies in regulating the distribution and diversity of soil microbial communities across large spatial scales. Here, we conducted a survey across &gt;1000\uffe2\uff80\uff89km in eastern Australia and found that, compared with surrounding bare soils, ant colonies promoted the richness (number of phylotypes) and relative abundance of rare taxa of fungi and bacteria. Ant nests were also an important reservoir for plant pathogens. Our study also provides a portfolio of microbial phylotypes only found in ant nests, and which are associated with high nutrient availability. Together, our work highlights the fact that ant nests are an important refugia for microbial diversity.Soil microorganisms act as gatekeepers for soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere carbon exchange by balancing the accumulation and release of soil organic matter. However, poor understanding of the mechanisms responsible hinders the development of effective land management strategies to enhance soil carbon storage. Here we empirically test the link between microbial ecophysiological traits and topsoil carbon content across geographically distributed soils and land use contrasts. We discovered distinct pH controls on microbial mechanisms of carbon accumulation. Land use intensification in low-pH soils that increased the pH above a threshold (~6.2) leads to carbon loss through increased decomposition, following alleviation of acid retardation of microbial growth. However, loss of carbon with intensification in near-neutral pH soils was linked to decreased microbial biomass and reduced growth efficiency that was, in turn, related to trade-offs with stress alleviation and resource acquisition. Thus, less-intensive management practices in near-neutral pH soils have more potential for carbon storage through increased microbial growth efficiency, whereas in acidic soils, microbial growth is a bigger constraint on decomposition rates.Boreal forests are ecosystems with low nitrogen (N) availability that store globally significant amounts of carbon (C), mainly in plant biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Although crucial for future climate change predictions, the mechanisms controlling boreal C and N pools are not well understood. Here, using a three-year field experiment, we compare SOM decomposition and stabilization in the presence of roots, with exclusion of roots but presence of fungal hyphae and with exclusion of both roots and fungal hyphae. Roots accelerate SOM decomposition compared to the root exclusion treatments, but also promote a different soil N economy with higher concentrations of organic soil N compared to inorganic soil N accompanied with the build-up of stable SOM-N. In contrast, root exclusion leads to an inorganic soil N economy (i.e., high level of inorganic N) with reduced stable SOM-N build-up. Based on our findings, we provide a framework on how plant roots affect SOM decomposition and stabilization.

", "keywords": ["roots", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "Nitrogen", "Science", "ta1171", "Hyphae", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "POLYPHENOLS", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "soil organic matter", "Taiga", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "SUGAR MAPLE", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "forest ecology", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "TANNINS", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "MYCORRHIZA", "Q", "ta1182", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Environmental sciences", "NITROGEN", "Boreal forests", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "ta1181", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "COMMUNITIES", "STORAGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11993-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41559-019-1084-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-03", "title": "Multiple elements of soil biodiversity drive ecosystem functions across biomes", "description": "The role of soil biodiversity in regulating multiple ecosystem functions is poorly understood, limiting our ability to predict how soil biodiversity loss might affect human wellbeing and ecosystem sustainability. Here, combining a global observational study with an experimental microcosm study, we provide evidence that soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) is significantly and positively associated with multiple ecosystem functions. These functions include nutrient cycling, decomposition, plant production, and reduced potential for pathogenicity and belowground biological warfare. Our findings also reveal the context dependency of such relationships and the importance of the connectedness, biodiversity and nature of the globally distributed dominant phylotypes within the soil network in maintaining multiple functions. Moreover, our results suggest that the positive association between plant diversity and multifunctionality across biomes is indirectly driven by soil biodiversity. Together, our results provide insights into the importance of soil biodiversity for maintaining soil functionality locally and across biomes, as well as providing strong support for the inclusion of soil biodiversity in conservation and management programmes.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "NETWORK ANALYSIS", "Life on Land", "STERILIZATION METHODS", "biotic communities", "CARBON", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Humans", "soils", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "biodiversity", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "SEQUENCES", "Fungi", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "COMMUNITY", "13. Climate action", "BACTERIA", "MULTIFUNCTIONALITY", "ecosystems", "MICROBIAL DIVERSITY"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1938c590/qt1938c590.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1084-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41559-019-1084-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41559-019-1084-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41559-019-1084-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41559-017-0259-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-06", "title": "Palaeoclimate explains a unique proportion of the global variation in soil bacterial communities", "description": "The legacy impacts of past climates on the current distribution of soil microbial communities are largely unknown. Here, we use data from more than 1,000 sites from five separate global and regional datasets to identify the importance of palaeoclimatic conditions (Last Glacial Maximum and mid-Holocene) in shaping the current structure of soil bacterial communities in natural and agricultural soils. We show that palaeoclimate explains more of the variation in the richness and composition of bacterial communities than current climate. Moreover, palaeoclimate accounts for a unique fraction of this variation that cannot be predicted from geographical location, current climate, soil properties or plant diversity. Climatic legacies (temperature and precipitation anomalies from the present to ~20\u2009kyr ago) probably shape soil bacterial communities both directly and indirectly through shifts in soil properties and plant communities. The ability to predict the distribution of soil bacteria from either palaeoclimate or current climate declines greatly in agricultural soils, highlighting the fact that anthropogenic activities have a strong influence on soil bacterial diversity. We illustrate how climatic legacies can help to explain the current distribution of soil bacteria in natural ecosystems and advocate that climatic legacies should be considered when predicting microbial responses to climate change.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Climate Change", "Microbiota", "Agriculture", "910", "15. Life on land", "soil microbial ecology", "climatic changes", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "soils", "Soil Microbiology", "palaeoclimatology", "Paleoclimate explains a unique proportion of the global variation in soil bacterial communities"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0259-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0259-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41559-017-0259-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41559-017-0259-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41559-017-0259-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-05-21", "title": "An Experimental Test Of Limits To Tree Establishment In Arctic Tundra", "description": "

1 Five treeline species had low seed germination rates and low survivorship and growth of seedlings when transplanted into Alaskan tundra. Seed germination of all species increased with experimental warming, suggesting that the present treeline may in part result from unsuccessful recruitment under cold conditions.

2 Growth, biomass and survivorship of seedlings of treeline species transplanted into tundra were largely unaffected by experimental warming. However, transplanted seedlings of three species (Betula papyrifera, Picea glauca and Populus tremuloides) grew more when below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground competition with the extant community was reduced. All three measures of transplant performance were greater in shrub tundra than in the less productive tussock or heath tundra. Establishment of trees in tundra may thus be prevented by low resource availability and competition.

3 Two species (Alnus crispa and Populus balsamifera) had low seed germination and survivorship of germinated seeds; transplants of these species did not respond to the manipulations and lost biomass following transplanting into tundra. Isolated populations of these two species north of the present treeline in arctic Alaska probably became established during mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90Holocene warming rather than in recent times.

4 Of all the species studied here, Picea glauca was the most likely to invade intact upland tundra. Its seeds had the highest germination rates and it was the only species whose seedlings survived subsequently. Furthermore, transplanted seedlings of Picea glauca had relatively high survivorship and positive growth in tundra, especially in treatments that increased air temperature or nutrient availability, two factors likely to increase with climate warming.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "nutrient-availability", "air-temperature", "tundra", "-Alaska", "Betulaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "Arctic-tundra", "Coniferopsida-: Gymnospermae-", "natural-regeneration", "Environmental-Sciences)", "growth-", "01 natural sciences", "seedlings-", "Picea-glauca", "Betula-papyrifera", "tundra-", "soil-fertility", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "Spermatophyta-", "treelines-", "Plantae-", "USA", "tree-establishment", "resource-availability", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Populus-balsamifera (Salicaceae-): seedling-", "Angiosperms-", "transplanting-", "Angiospermae-", "15. Life on land", "Plant-ecology:-communities", "Populus-balsamifera", "Betula-papyrifera (Betulaceae-): seedling-", "Populus-tremuloides", "climate-", "interspecific-competition", "germination", "Populus-tremuloides (Salicaceae-): seedling-", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "Picea-glauca (Coniferopsida-): seedling-", "Dicots-", "seed-germination", "Alnus-crispa", "plant-competition", "Alnus-crispa (Betulaceae-): seedling-", "survival-", "establishment-"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00349.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-12", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Limitation In A Coastal Barrier Salt Marsh: The Implications For Vegetation Succession", "description": "

1 A factorial fertilizer experiment was conducted in a 15-year-old coastal barrier salt marsh with a low soil nitrogen content, and in an older 100-year-old marsh with a higher nitrogen content. Plots were fertilized at high and low marsh elevations in both marshes. Nitrogen and phosphorus were applied at low and high concentrations both separately and in combination in each of 3 successive years.

2 Nitrogen limited above-ground plant growth in both young and old salt marshes in all years. Phosphorus limitation of plant growth was apparent in the first year in the young marsh and in the last year in both marshes. In young marshes with low soil organic matter, phosphorus limitation may occur. In addition, phosphorus limitation occurs at both successional stages when a marsh is saturated with nitrogen.

3 Plant species that are typical of nitrogen-rich habitats and late successional stages significantly increased in biomass after fertilization. Limonium vulgare, a low stature species of early and intermediate successional stages, decreased in biomass, whereas the taller Elymus pycnanthus and Artemisia maritima increased. After 3 years of fertilization, plant species composition in a young marsh was similar to the species composition in an unfertilized older marsh. Fertilization of a 100-year-old marsh, however, still resulted in a change in plant species composition, suggesting that succession was still occurring and that, overall, plants in marshes of different age are similar in their response to fertilization.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "PRODUCTIVITY", "herbivory", "plant succession", "15. Life on land", "fertilization experiment", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "SOILS", "NUTRIENT LIMITATION", "PLANT-SPECIES COMPOSITION", "PROLINE", "PATTERNS", "COMMUNITIES", "plant-species interactions", "ACCUMULATION"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jan P. Bakker, Harm van Wijnen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00349.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00349.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00349.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00349.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/00167223.2007.10801374", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-03", "title": "Farming System Changes In The Vietnamese Uplands\u2014Using Fallow Length And Farmers' Adoption Of Sloping Agricultural Land Technologies As Indicators Of Environmental Sustainability", "description": "AbstractThe environmental sustainability of the farming system changes during the 1990s of two villages in the northwestern Vietnamese uplands was assessed by an analysis of changing fallow length practice and farmers' adoption of Sloping Agricultural Land Technologies (SALT) in relation to slope steepness. The fallow length change detection involved an identification of the vegetation succession stage of the fallow vegetation at the time of clearance and was based on high resolution satellite image classifications. The use of SALT was surveyed by ground registration and overlaid with a digital elevation model. The results were coupled with an assessment of farmers' ability and willingness to adopt SALT in order to detect changes in attitude and perceptions amongst the farmers regarding their future agricultural strategies, and a discussion of the level of livelihood diversification in the villages. The study illustrates the complexity of the development situation in the Vietnamese uplands and emphasises ...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "ethnic upland communities", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "livelihood diversification", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Faculty of Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/TheFacultyOfScience", "Fallow length", "change detection", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Folving, Rikke Louise, Christensen, Henriette,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2007.10801374"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geografisk%20Tidsskrift-Danish%20Journal%20of%20Geography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/00167223.2007.10801374", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/00167223.2007.10801374", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/00167223.2007.10801374"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.813480", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-01", "title": "Metatranscriptomic analyses unravel dynamic changes in the microbial and metabolic transcriptional profiles in artisanal Austrian hard-cheeses during ripening", "description": "

Vorarlberger Bergk\uffc3\uffa4se (VB) is an artisanal Austrian washed-rind hard cheese produced from alpine cows\uffe2\uff80\uff99 raw milk without the addition of ripening cultures. Ripening time is a key factor in VB, as it strongly influences the microbial communities present in the cheeses and the organoleptic properties of the product. In this study, the microbial and metabolic transcriptional profiles in VB rinds at different ripening times were investigated. VB products before (30\uffe2\uff80\uff89days of ripening) and after (90\uffe2\uff80\uff89days of ripening) selling were selected, RNA was extracted and subjected to shotgun metatranscriptomic sequencing. The analysis revealed some of the previously described abundant bacterial taxa of Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Halomonas, Psychrobacter, and Staphylococcus to be highly active in VB rinds. Additionally, the investigation of most important metabolic pathways in cheese ripening clearly showed differences in the gene transcription profiles and the active microbiota between the two ripening points investigated. At 30\uffe2\uff80\uff89days of ripening, metabolic events related with the degradation of residual lactose, lactate, citrate, proteolysis, and lipolysis were significantly more transcribed and mainly associated with Staphylococcus. On the other hand, genes involved in the degradation of smaller compounds derived from previous metabolism (i.e., metabolism of free amino acids and fatty acids) were significantly more expressed in VB rinds with 90 of ripening, and mainly associated with Brevibacterium and Corynebacterium. These latter metabolic activities are responsible of the generation of compounds, such as methanethiol and 2,3-butanediol, that are very important for the flavor and aroma characteristics of cheeses. This study shows the dynamic changes in the gene transcriptional profiles associated with energy substrates metabolism and the generation of organoleptic compounds during VB ripening and uncovers bacterial taxa as key drivers of the ripening process. These taxa might be the target for future studies toward an accelerated cheese ripening and the enhancement of its organoleptic properties.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "791", "metatranscriptomics", "organoleptic compounds", "cheese ripening", "DegreeDisciplines::Life Sciences::Animal Sciences", "microbial dynamics", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "differential gene transcription", "03 medical and health sciences", "metabolic pathways", "Bacteria; Identification; Quality; Communities; Microflora; Alignment; Pathways; Products; Genes; Acid", "DegreeDisciplines::Life Sciences::Food Science::Food Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.813480"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.813480", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.813480", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2022.813480"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jpe/rtw066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-29", "title": "Effects Of Soil Warming History On The Performances Of Congeneric Temperate And Boreal Herbaceous Plant Species And Their Associations With Soil Biota", "description": "Aims Climate warming raises the probability of range expansions of warm-adapted temperate species into areas currently dominated by cold-adapted boreal species. Warming-induced plant range expansions could partly depend on how warming modifies relationships with soil biota that promote plant growth, such as by mineralizing nutrients. Here, we grew two pairs of congeneric herbaceous plants species together in soil with a 5-year warming history (ambient, +1.7\u00b0C, +3.4\u00b0C) and related their performances to plant-beneficial soil biota. Methods Each plant pair belonged to either the mid-latitude temperate climate or the higher latitude southern boreal climate. Warmed soils were extracted from a chamberless heating experiment at two field sites in the temperate-boreal ecotone of North America. To isolate potential effects of different soil warming histories, air temperature for the greenhouse experiment was identical across soils. We hypothesized that soil with a 5-year warming history in the field would enhance the performance of temperate plant species more than boreal plant species and expected improved plant performances to have positive associations with plant growth-promoting soil biota (microbial-feeding nematodes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi). Important Findings Our main hypothesis was partly confirmed as only one temperate species performed better in soil with warming history than in soil with history of ambient temperature. Further, this effect was restricted to the site with higher soil water content in the growing season of the sampling year (prior to soil collection). One of the boreal species performed consistently worse in previously warmed soil, whereas the other species showed neutral responses to soil warming history. We found a positive correlation between the density of microbial-feeding nematodes and the performance of one of the temperate species in previously wetter soils, but this correlation was negative at the site with previously drier soil. We found no significant correlations between the ...", "keywords": ["Aster cordifolius", "0106 biological sciences", "ecotone", "seedling emergence", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "ecotones", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "seeds", "biotic communities", "01 natural sciences", "soil biota", "range shift"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtw066"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jpe/rtw066", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jpe/rtw066", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jpe/rtw066"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rspb.2023.1345", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-15", "title": "Cessation of grazing causes biodiversity loss and homogenization of soil food webs", "description": "

There is widespread concern that cessation of grazing in historically grazed ecosystems is causing biotic homogenization and biodiversity loss. We used 12 montane grassland sites along an 800 km north\uffe2\uff80\uff93south gradient across the UK, to test whether cessation of grazing affects local \uffce\uffb1 - and \uffce\uffb2 -diversity of below-ground food webs. We show cessation of grazing leads to strongly decreased \uffce\uffb1 -diversity of most groups of soil microbes and fauna, particularly of relatively rare taxa. By contrast, the \uffce\uffb2 -diversity varied between groups of soil organisms. While most soil microbial communities exhibited increased homogenization after cessation of grazing, we observed decreased homogenization for soil fauna after cessation of grazing. Overall, our results indicate that exclusion of domesticated herbivores from historically grazed montane grasslands has far-ranging negative consequences for diversity of below-ground food webs. This underscores the importance of grazers for maintaining the diversity of below-ground communities, which play a central role in ecosystem functioning. Resource acquisition and growth yield are fundamental traits of microorganisms that have consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of empirical observations linking these traits. Using a landscape-scale survey of temperate near-neutral pH soils, we show tradeoffs in key community-level parameters linked to these traits. Increased investment into extracellular enzymes was associated with reduced growth yield; this reduction was linked more to carbon than nitrogen acquisition enzymes suggesting smaller stoichiometric constraints on community metabolism in examined soils.

Soil invertebrate communities represent a significant fraction of global biodiversity and play crucial roles in ecosystems. A number of human activities threaten soil communities, in particular intensive agricultural practices such as pesticide use. However, there is currently no quantitative synthesis of the impacts of pesticides on soil fauna communities.

Here, using a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 54 studies and 294 observations, we quantify pesticide effects on the abundance, biomass, richness and diversity of natural soil fauna communities across a wide range of environmental contexts. We also identify scenarios with the most detrimental effects on soil fauna communities by analysing the effects of different pesticides (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90spectrum substances and multiple substances), different application rates and temporal extents (short\uffe2\uff80\uff90 or long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term), as well as the response of different functional groups of soil animals (body size categories, presence of exoskeleton).

Pesticides overall decreased the abundance and diversity of soil fauna communities across studies (Grand mean effect size (Hedge's g)\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff88\uff920.30\uffe2\uff80\uff89+/\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff890.16) and had stronger effects on soil fauna diversity than abundance. The most detrimental scenarios involved multiple substances, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90spectrum substances and insecticides, which significantly decreased soil fauna diversity even at recommended rates. We found no evidence that pesticide effects dampen over time, as short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies exhibited similar mean effect sizes.

Policy implications: Our study highlights that pesticide use has significant detrimental non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target effects on soil biodiversity, eroding a substantial part of global biodiversity and threatening ecosystem health. This provides crucial evidence supporting recent policies, such as the European Green Deal, that aim to reduce pesticide use in agriculture to conserve biodiversity. The detrimental effects of multiple substances revealed here are particularly concerning because realistic pesticide use often combines several substances targeting different pests and diseases over the crop season. We suggest that future guidelines for pesticide registration, restrictions and banning should rely on data able to fully capture the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences of multiple substances for multiple non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target species in realistic conditions.

Unprecedented nitrogen (N) inputs into terrestrial ecosystems have profoundly altered soil N cycling. Ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers are the main producers of nitrous oxide (N2O), but it remains unclear how ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances will respond to N loading and whether their responses can predict N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in soil N2O emission. By synthesizing 101 field studies worldwide, we showed that N loading significantly increased ammonia oxidizer abundance by 107% and denitrifier abundance by 45%. The increases in both ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances were primarily explained by N loading form, and more specifically, organic N loading had stronger effects on their abundances than mineral N loading. Nitrogen loading increased soil N2O emission by 261%, whereas there was no clear relationship between changes in soil N2O emission and shifts in ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances. Our field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results challenge the laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90based hypothesis that increased ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by N loading would directly cause higher soil N2O emission. Instead, key abiotic factors (mean annual precipitation, soil pH, soil C:N ratio, and ecosystem type) explained N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in soil N2O emission. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for considering the roles of key abiotic factors in regulating soil N transformations under N loading to better understand the microbially mediated soil N2O emission.Summer droughts strongly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, but net effects on SOC storage are unclear as drought affects both C inputs and outputs from soils. Here, we explored the overlooked role of soil fauna on SOC storage in forests, hypothesizing that soil faunal activity is particularly drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive, thereby reducing litter incorporation into the mineral soil and, eventually, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term SOC storage.

In a drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone pine forest (Switzerland), we performed a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale irrigation experiment for 17\uffc2\uffa0years and assessed its impact on vertical SOC distribution and composition. We also examined litter mass loss of dominant tree species using different mesh\uffe2\uff80\uff90size litterbags and determined soil fauna abundance and community composition.

The 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90long irrigation resulted in a C loss in the organic layers (\uffe2\uff88\uff921.0\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and a comparable C gain in the mineral soil (+0.8\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and thus did not affect total SOC stocks. Irrigation increased the mass loss ofQuercus pubescensandViburnum lantanaleaf litter, with greater effect sizes when meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna were included (+215%) than when excluded (+44%). The enhanced faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter mass loss was paralleled by a many\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold increase in the abundance of meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna during irrigation. Moreover, Acari and Collembola community composition shifted, with a higher presence of drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive species in irrigated soils. In comparison, microbial SOC mineralization was less sensitive to soil moisture. Our results suggest that the vertical redistribution of SOC with irrigation was mainly driven by faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter incorporation, together with increased root C inputs.

Our study shows that soil fauna is highly sensitive to natural drought, which leads to a reduced C transfer from organic layers to the mineral soil. In the longer term, this potentially affects SOC storage and, therefore, soil fauna plays a key but so far largely overlooked role in shaping SOC responses to drought.To better understand the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, it is increasingly accepted that the focus of study needs to shift from taxonomic identity to the diversity of functional traits displayed by species within a community. Such an approach allows species to be grouped according to particular functional characteristics. Increasingly viewed as an extremely important group of model organisms, hoverflies have been the focus of a variety of ecological studies. Based on data regarding selected functional traits of hoverflies registered in Southeast Europe, the main aims of our study were to define hoverfly functional groups according to the similarity of these traits, as well as to compare the representation of delineated hoverfly functional groups among these vegetation types. We used fuzzy clustering to classify 568 SE European hoverfly species into five functional groups. The principle trait separating these functional groups was larval feeding type, followed by size of species range, flight ability, number of generations, inundation tolerance, and tolerance to human impact. For 9 of 11 vegetation types, the dominant functional group was characterized by species with good flight ability, having high human impact tolerance and more annual generations. The remaining two vegetation types, South\uffe2\uff80\uff90west Balkan sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mediterranean mixed oak forests and Mediterranean mixed forests, showed disparate dominance patterns, indicating that richness of functional groups is dependent on vegetation. Further investigation of whether and how established conservation measures enable recovery of the functional richness affected by habitat disturbance would help elucidate the importance of functional diversity in preserving biodiversity.Globally, biological invasions can have strong impacts on biodiversity as well as ecosystem functioning. While less conspicuous than introduced aboveground organisms, introduced belowground organisms may have similarly strong effects. Here, we synthesize for the first time the impacts of introduced earthworms on plant diversity and community composition in North American forests. We conducted a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis using a total of 645 observations to quantify mean effect sizes of associations between introduced earthworm communities and plant diversity, cover of plant functional groups, and cover of native and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native plants. We found that plant diversity significantly declined with increasing richness of introduced earthworm ecological groups. While plant species richness or evenness did not change with earthworm invasion, our results indicate clear changes in plant community composition: cover of graminoids and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native plant species significantly increased, and cover of native plant species (of all functional groups) tended to decrease, with increasing earthworm biomass. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that introduced earthworms facilitate particular plant species adapted to the abiotic conditions of earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded forests. Further, our study provides evidence that introduced earthworms are associated with declines in plant diversity in North American forests. Changing plant functional composition in these forests may have long\uffe2\uff80\uff90lasting effects on ecosystem functioning.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NONNATIVE EARTHWORMS", "ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER", "introduced earthworms", "biological invasions", "SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT", "Forests", "01 natural sciences", "BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS", "GLOBAL METAANALYSIS", "HARDWOOD FORESTS", "Journal Article", "BIODIVERSITY CHANGE", "Animals", "ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS", "earthworm invasion", "community composition", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Biodiversity", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "plant diversity", "United States", "plant communities", "meta-analysis", "Environmental sciences", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "13. Climate action", "TEMPERATE FORESTS", "INVASIVE EARTHWORMS", "Introduced Species"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13446"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13446"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13446", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13446", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13446"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-03T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=COMMUNITIES&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=COMMUNITIES&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=COMMUNITIES&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=COMMUNITIES&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 140, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-25T00:04:48.787642Z"}