{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10261/279377", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:36Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Managing water scarcity European and Chinese cropping systems", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture", "Cover crops", "Cropping systems", "Best Management Practices", "Water use efficiency", "SHui", "15. Life on land", "Remote sensing", "6. Clean water", "EU-China engagement", "13. Climate action", "Tree deficit irrigation", "Crop modeling", "Precision irrigation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G\u00f3mez Calero, Jos\u00e9 Alfonso, Alarc\u00f3n Caba\u00f1ero, Juan Jos\u00e9, Intrigliolo, Diego S., Dost\u00e1l, Tom\u00e1\u0161, Quaranta, Gianni, Lannoy, Gabrielle de, Dodd, Ian C., Salvia, Rossana,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/279377"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/279377", "name": "item", "description": "10261/279377", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/279377"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-05", "description": "<p>In semiarid areas, traditional, intensive tillage has led to the depletion of soil organic matter, which has resulted in reduced soil fertility. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different soil management systems, practised over 12 years, on soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (SN) and biologically active organic matter (particulate organic matter [POM]; potentially mineralisable nitrogen [PMN]; microbial biomass [MB]). A Mediterranean Alfisol, located in central Spain, was managed using combinations of conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) or no-tillage (NT), plus a cropping background of either continuous wheat (WW) or a fallow/wheat/pea/barley rotation (FW). Soil was sampled at two depths on four occasions during 2006-2007. The results showed the sampling date and the cropping background to significantly affect the SOC (p&lt;0.0057 and p&lt;0.0001 respectively). Tillage practice, however, had no effect on SOC or SN. The C-and N-POM contents were significantly influenced by the date, tillage and rotation. These variables were significantly higher under NT than CT and under WW than FW. The PMN was influenced by date, tillage and rotation, while C-MB was significantly affected by tillage (p&lt; 0.0063), but not by rotation. The NT plots accumulated 66% C-POM, 60% N-POM, 39% PMN and 84% C-MB more than the CT plots. After more than 12 years, the benefits of conservation practices were found in the considered soil properties, mainly under no tillage. In order to obtain a consistent data set to predict soil biological status, it is necessary further study over time.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "conservation agriculture; crop rotation; fallow; soil organic carbon; labile soil organic matter", "fallow", "S", "Conservation agriculture", "Soil organic carbon", "Agriculture", "Soil Science; Soil Management; Agriculture", "Labile soil organic matter", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil organic carbon", "conservation agriculture", "crop rotation", "Crop rotation", "13. Climate action", "Fallow", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultura; suelos", "labile soil organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Spanish%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455", "name": "item", "description": "10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5424/sjar/2014124-5818", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-04", "description": "<p>Tillage and semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions accelerate soil organic matter losses in Spanish vineyards. Previous studies showed that cover crops can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in Mediterranean vineyards. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of two different cover crops in the short term on soil C sequestration in a semiarid vineyard and to study the potential use of both \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff93glucosidase enzimatic activity (GLU) and the GLU/SOC ratio in order to assess the SOC increase. The experiment was carried out in a cv. Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard on a Oxyaquic Xerorthent soil in Rioja winegrowing region (NE, Spain). The experimental design was established in 2009 with three treatments: conventional tillage; sown barley cover crop (Hordeum vulgare, L.); sown Persian clover cover crop (Trifolium resupinatum L.). Carbon in the aboveground biomass with each cover crop was monitored. Soil was sampled in June 2011 and June 2012, and SOC, GLU and the GLU/SOC ratio were determined. After 3 years both cover crops increased SOC at soil surface with C sequestration rates of 0.47 and 1.19 t C ha-1 yr-1 for BV and CV respectively. GLU and GLU/SOC ratio increased in both cover crops at 0-5 cm soil depth. The C sequestration rates and GLU were related to the cover crops aboveground biomass. In consequence, in semiarid vineyards under cover crops GLU could be an appropriate indicator to asses the increase of SOC and the soil quality improvement in the short-term (2-3 years).</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "Conservation agriculture", "vineyard soil management", "Agriculture", "Agricultural environment and ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil enzymatic activity", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality", "conservation agriculture", "Vineyard soil management", "13. Climate action", "conservation agriculture; soil enzymatic activity; soil quality; vineyard soil management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "Soil enzymatic activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2014124-5818"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Spanish%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5424/sjar/2014124-5818", "name": "item", "description": "10.5424/sjar/2014124-5818", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5424/sjar/2014124-5818"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/9BGO2X", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2016-01-01", "title": "Replication Data for: Reducing losses but failing to sequester carbon in soils \u2013 the case of Conservation Agriculture and Integrated Soil Fertility Management in the humid tropical agro-ecosystem of Western Kenya", "description": "Soil organic carbon content of topsoil (0-15 cm depths) of two agronomic long-term trial (CT1 and INM3), collected repeatedly throughout the years", "keywords": ["Agricultural Sciences", "Conservation agriculture", "Soil organic carbon", "soil fertility", "conservation", "Soil fertility", "climate change mitigation", "soil organic carbon", "4p1000", "Climate change mitigation", "climate change", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "greenhouse gases", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Africa", "Climate change", "Agroecosystems and Sustainable Landscapes - ASL", "C-sink"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sommer, Rolf, Paul, Birthe, Kihara, Job, Mukalama, John,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/9BGO2X"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/9BGO2X", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/9BGO2X", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/9BGO2X"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/BUPNF4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Assessing the Medium to Long-Term Impacts of Sustainable Intensification Technologies on Crop Productivity", "description": "Open AccessEXCEL, null", "keywords": ["AFRICA", "Agricultural production", "conservation agriculture", "Agricultural Sciences", "sustainable intensification", "SOUTHERN AFRICA", "yields", "trials", "MALAWI", "Social Sciences", "AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA", "Agricultural research", "farm typology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michigan State University (MSU)", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BUPNF4"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/BUPNF4", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/BUPNF4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/BUPNF4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Water Smart Agriculture in Mesoamerica On-Farm Trial Dataset", "description": "Soil and water resource degradation coupled with an increasingly extreme and variable climate threaten the food security and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers in the Dry Corridor of Central America. Water Smart Agriculture is an approach to increase agricultural productivity and build climate resilience through the restoration of soil and water resources. The Water Smart Agriculture Program for Mesoamerica (WSA) brought together a network of local organizations and smallholder farmers across Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and Oaxaca, Mexico that aim to evaluate and promote soil health-building practices. WSA practices including conservation agriculture and integrated soil fertility management and cover crops were tested on 3432 on-farm trails in coffee, basic grains and pasture systems across the region. Practices were adapted to local agroclimatic conditions, cropping systems and socioeconomic context and, together with farmers, were evaluated in direct comparison to the farmer conventional practice using a set of soil health, productivity and economic indicators. Results demonstrate that WSA practices result in improvements in soil health that translate into increased productivity and economic benefits.  &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; This dataset is organized in the following data table files for each country: &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 1. Farm Location  &lt;br&gt; The location of the WSA field trials. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 2. Agronomic Practices  &lt;br&gt; Agronomic practices implemented in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 3. Yield, Costs and Income  &lt;br&gt; Crop yields, production costs and income in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 4. Soil Moisture &lt;br&gt; Soil moisture monitored in the WSA plots the and farmer control plots.  &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 5. Soil Organic Carbon &lt;br&gt; Soil organic carbon in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 6. Soil Indicators &lt;br&gt; Additional soil health indicators monitored (bulk density, soil cover, earth worms and infiltration) in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots.  &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 7. Soil Analysis &lt;br&gt; Laboratory soil analysis in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 8. WSA Area &lt;br&gt; The area of implementation of WSA practices on WSA farms. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 9. WSA Perceptions &lt;br&gt; Farmer perceptions of WSA impacts on soil, water, yield, food security and income. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Codebooks with relevant variables' meta-data in English and Spanish are provided for each data table category.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Agricultural Sciences", "Beans", "Pasture", "Central America", "Conservation Agriculture", "Coffee", "Maize"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Catholic Relief Services", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11577/3462062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-03", "title": "A Multivariate Approach to Evaluate Reduced Tillage Systems and Cover Crop Sustainability", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The evaluation of the effects of conservation agriculture during the transition from conventional tillage to no-tillage requires numerous indicators to be considered. For this purpose, we monitored changes in a multi-parameter dataset during a three-year experiment that combined three tillage intensities (conventional tillage\u2014CT; minimum tillage\u2014MT; and no tillage\u2014NT) with three soil covering managements (tillage radish cover crop, winter wheat cover crop and bare soil). Using a multivariate analysis, we developed a Relative Sustainability Index (RSI) based on 11 physical (e.g., bulk density and penetration resistance), chemical (e.g., soil organic carbon and pH) and biological soil properties (e.g., earthworm density) to evaluate cropping systems sustainability. The RSI was most affected by tillage intensity showing higher RSI values (i.e., better performances) in reduced tillage systems. Specifically, the RSI under NT was 42% greater than that of CT and 13% greater than that of MT. Soil covering had little impact on the RSI. Among the tested parameters, the RSI was increased most by saturated hydraulic conductivity (+193%) and earthworm density (+339%) across CT and NT treatments. Our results suggest that conservation agriculture and, particularly, reduced tillage systems, have the potential to increase farm environmental and agronomic sustainability.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "principal component analysis", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil quality index", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "conservation agriculture", "no tillage", "minimum tillage", "scoring function", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "conservation agriculture; no tillage; minimum tillage; principal component analysis; soil quality index; scoring function"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/1/55/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3462062/1/land-11-00055-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/1/55/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11577/3462062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11577/3462062", "name": "item", "description": "11577/3462062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11577/3462062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/370761", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-04", "title": "Control of the Field Herbicide Dissipation by Cover Crop Mulch in Conservation Agriculture", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The effects of mulch on the dissipation of S-metolachlor-SMOC, foramsulfuron-FORAM, and thiencarbazone-methyl-TCM and the formation of their main degradation metabolites were studied here. The herbicides were jointly applied in preemergence of maize on two separate occasions to two agricultural soils under conventional tillage (CT) and non-tillage (NT) over two wheat-maize cycles. Herbicide concentrations were determined in topsoil samples at different times after both applications, and they were fitted to kinetic models. The half-life (DT50) values for SMOC were higher under CT management than under NT (mean values: 25.6 and 7.38 days, respectively) in both soils over the two years. The faster herbicide dissipation with mulch could be because it is partially intercepted and strongly adsorbed/retained through different potential pathways, especially biodegradation, which was supported by the detection of SMOC-ESA and SMOC-OA metabolites. The mean DT50 values for FORAM (6.15 and 6.07 days, respectively) were very close for both soils under NT and CT management over the two-year experiment. The mulch had a lesser impact than for SMOC due to the former\u2019s higher water solubility and lower adsorption, with dissipation being controlled mainly by biodegradation and likely also by leaching. TCM recorded intermediate DT50 values (mean value 20.8 days) in both soils+CT in the two-year experiment compared to SMOC and FORAM. The mulch effect on TCM dissipation was observed only after the second application because the DT50 values were higher in soils+NT after the first application (mean value: 26.9 days) than after the second one (mean value: 5.9 days). The amount of soil surface covered by the mulch controlled the herbicide dissipation, and soil and herbicide properties determine their adsorption behaviour by both mulch and soils.</p></article>", "keywords": ["field dissipation", "conservation agriculture", "S-metolachlor", "Foramsulfuron", "S", "Conservation agriculture", "Field dissipation", "metabolite", "thiencarbazone-methyl", "Agriculture", "Metabolite", "foramsulfuron", "Thiencarbazone-methyl"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/10/2284/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/370761"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/370761", "name": "item", "description": "10261/370761", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/370761"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/392191", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-02-25", "title": "Herbicide and metabolite mobility in soil profiles under conventional tillage and non-tillage: A two-year comparative field experiment", "description": "A two-year field experiment was conducted to compare the impact of conventional tillage (CT) and non-tillage (NT) on the mobility in two soils (S1 and S2) of the herbicides S-metolachlor (SMOC), foramsulfuron (FORAM), and thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM), and the formation of their main metabolites. Herbicide and metabolite distribution through the soil profiles (0-50\u00a0cm) was determined over two maize cycles. After the first application, the mobility of SMOC and TCM was similar under CT conditions, with higher concentrations in S2\u00a0+\u00a0CT topsoil than in S1\u00a0+\u00a0CT due to the higher organic carbon content in S2 and its retention ability, while both herbicides were detected in the entire S1\u00a0+\u00a0CT profile over time. Under NT management, partial interception by the mulch during application reduced the amount of herbicides that initially reached the topsoil, modifying their mobility dynamics. SMOC and TCM properties facilitated their transport through the soil profile, favoured by the irrigation applied shortly after their application. The total SMOC and TCM balance in S1 and S2 profiles revealed possible leaching below 50\u00a0cm, especially in soils+CT. However, the simultaneous degradation of SMOC and TCM might also occur on the mulch and/or in soil profiles, as indicated by the continuous detection of two SMOC metabolites (ethane sulfonic acid, SMOC-ESA, and oxanilic acid, SMOC-OA) and one TCM metabolite (thiencarbazone, TCM-MET1) throughout the soil profile in all the treatments assayed. FORAM dissipated faster than SMOC and TCM in all the treatments, with a total balance in all the soil profiles <40\u00a0% after 13\u00a0days. The high water solubility and polarity of FORAM might have enhanced its leaching, although its degradation to its two main metabolites was also observed in all cases. The mobility dynamics of the three herbicides in the second experimental period were similar for both soils under CT, but differed in soils under NT compared to the first application, with higher interception by the greater amount of mulch on the soil surface in the second year.", "keywords": ["Conservation agriculture", "Herbicides", "field experimentation", "Metabolite", "Agriculture", "Field experiment", "leaching", "Soil", "herbicides", "conservation agriculture", "Soil profile", "Acetamides", "Leaching", "soil profiles", "Soil Pollutants", "Herbicide", "metabolites", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/392191"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/392191", "name": "item", "description": "10261/392191", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/392191"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11250/3007222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-03", "title": "Opportunities for Mitigating Soil Compaction in Europe\u2014Case Studies from the SoilCare Project Using Soil-Improving Cropping Systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Soil compaction (SC) is a major threat for agriculture in Europe that affects many ecosystem functions, such as water and air circulation in soils, root growth, and crop production. Our objective was to present the results from five short-term (&lt;5 years) case studies located along the north\u2013south and east\u2013west gradients and conducted within the SoilCare project using soil-improving cropping systems (SICSs) for mitigating topsoil and subsoil SC. Two study sites (SSs) focused on natural subsoil (\u02c325 cm) compaction using subsoiling tillage treatments to depths of 35 cm (Sweden) and 60 cm (Romania). The other SSs addressed both topsoil and subsoil SC (\u02c325 cm, Norway and United Kingdom; \u02c330 cm, Italy) using deep-rooted bio-drilling crops and different tillage types or a combination of both. Each SS evaluated the effectiveness of the SICSs by measuring the soil physical properties, and we calculated SC indices. The SICSs showed promising results\u2014for example, alfalfa in Norway showed good potential for alleviating SC (the subsoil density decreased from 1.69 to 1.45 g cm\u22121) and subsoiling at the Swedish SS improved root penetration into the subsoil by about 10 cm\u2014but the effects of SICSs on yields were generally small. These case studies also reflected difficulties in implementing SICSs, some of which are under development, and we discuss methodological issues for measuring their effectiveness. There is a need for refining these SICSs and for evaluating their longer-term effect under a wider range of pedoclimatic conditions.</p></article>", "keywords": ["bio-drilling crops", "ROOT-GROWTH", "Environmental Studies", "subsoiling", "PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "Soil Science", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "straw incorporation", "910", "CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE", "3301 Architecture", "soil penetration resistance", "4104 Environmental management", "degree of compaction; soil penetration resistance; relative normalised density; air-filled porosity; tillage; straw incorporation; bio-drilling crops; subsoiling; crop productivity", "relative normalised density", "GAS-TRANSPORT", "0502 Environmental Science and Management", "S Agriculture (General)", "910 Geography & travel", "PENETRATION RESISTANCE", "550 Earth sciences & geology", "crop productivity", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "S", "degree of compaction", "3304 Urban and regional planning", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "DEEP-TILLAGE", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "13. Climate action", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CLAY LOAM SOIL", "RISK-ASSESSMENT", "SUBSOIL COMPACTION", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "air-filled porosity"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/2/223/pdf"}, {"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/27668/1/piccoli-i-et-al-220502.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/165197/1/Opportunities_for_Mitigating_Soil_Compaction_in_Europe_Case.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3462067/1/land-11-00223-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://rau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/16542/1/land-11-00223-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11250/3007222"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11250/3007222", "name": "item", "description": "11250/3007222", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11250/3007222"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11381/2841109", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-13", "title": "Assessment of Benefits of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Functions in Arable Production Systems in Europe", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Conventional farming (CONV) is the norm in European farming, causing adverse effects on some of the five major soil functions, viz. primary productivity, carbon sequestration and regulation, nutrient cycling and provision, water regulation and purification, and habitat for functional and intrinsic biodiversity. Conservation agriculture (CA) is an alternative to enhance soil functions. However, there is no analysis of CA benefits on the five soil functions as most studies addressed individual soil functions. The objective was to compare effects of CA and CONV practices on the five soil functions in four major environmental zones (Atlantic North, Pannonian, Continental and Mediterranean North) in Europe by applying expert scoring based on synthesis of existing literature. In each environmental zone, a team of experts scored the five soil functions due to CA and CONV treatments and median scores indicated the overall effects on five soil functions. Across the environmental zones, CONV had overall negative effects on soil functions with a median score of 0.50 whereas CA had overall positive effects with median score ranging from 0.80 to 0.83. The study proposes the need for field-based investigations, policies and subsidy support to benefit from CA adoption to enhance the five soil functions.</p></article>", "keywords": ["environmental zones", "330", "Conservation agriculture", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Soil functions", "01 natural sciences", "630", "conventional farming", "Conventional farming", "zero tillage", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil functions", "15. Life on land", "Environmental zones", "Zero tillage", "Chemistry", "conservation agriculture", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "soil function", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil functions; conservation agriculture; conventional farming; zero tillage; environmental zones", "Engineering sciences. Technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/3/794/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11381/2841109"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11381/2841109", "name": "item", "description": "11381/2841109", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11381/2841109"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.12556/RUL-155883", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:22:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-01", "title": "Mineral and organic fertilisation influence ammonia oxidisers and denitrifiers and nitrous oxide emissions in a long-term tillage experiment", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from different agricultural systems have been studied extensively to understand the mechanisms underlying their formation. While a number of long-term field experiments have focused on individual agricultural practices in relation to N2O emissions, studies on the combined effects of multiple practices are lacking. This study evaluated the effect of different tillage [no-till (NT) vs. conventional plough tillage (CT)] in combination with fertilisation [mineral (MIN), compost (ORG), and unfertilised control (CON)] on seasonal N2O emissions and the underlying N-cycling microbial community in one maize growing season. Rainfall events after fertilisation, which resulted in increased soil water content, were the main triggers of the observed N2O emission peaks. The highest cumulative emissions were measured in MIN fertilisation, followed by ORG and CON fertilisation. In the period after the first fertilisation CT resulted in higher cumulative emissions than NT, while no significant effect of tillage was observed cumulatively across the entire season. A higher genetic potential for N2O emissions was observed under NT than CT, as indicated by an increased (nirK\u00a0+\u00a0nirS)/(nosZI\u00a0+\u00a0nosZII) ratio. The mentioned ratio under NT decreased in the order CON > MIN\u00a0>\u00a0ORG, indicating a higher N2O consumption potential in the NT-ORG treatment, which was confirmed in terms of cumulative emissions. The AOB/16S ratio was strongly affected by fertilisation and was higher in the MIN than in the ORG and CON treatments, regardless of the tillage system. Multiple regression has revealed that this ratio is one of the most important variables explaining cumulative N2O emissions, possibly reflecting the role of bacterial ammonia oxidisers in minerally fertilised soil. Although the AOB/16S ratio aligned well with the measured N2O emissions in our experimental field, the higher genetic potential for denitrification expressed by the (nirK\u00a0+\u00a0nirS)/(nosZI\u00a0+\u00a0nosZII) ratio in NT than CT was not realized in the form of increased emissions. Our results suggest that organic fertilisation in combination with NT shows a promising combination for mitigating N2O emissions; however, addressing the yield gap is necessary before incorporating it in recommendations for farmers.", "keywords": ["du\u0161ik", "2. Zero hunger", "compost", "denitrification", "denitrifikacija", "N$_2$O", "kompost", "15. Life on land", "sonaravno kmetijstvo", "nitrifikacija", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "conservation agriculture", "N-cycle", "13. Climate action", "ohranitveno kmetijstvo", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/631.4"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.12556/RUL-155883"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.12556/RUL-155883", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.12556/RUL-155883", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.12556/RUL-155883"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2318/1960350", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-22", "title": "Farmers' perception of soil health: The use of quality data and its implication for farm management", "description": "Abstract                   <p>Preventing and reversing soil degradation is essential to maintaining the ecosystem services provided by soils and guaranteeing food security. In addition to the scientific community, it is critical to engage multiple stakeholders to assess the degree of soil degradation and mitigation strategies' impact and meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, European Union's Common Agricultural Policy, and other national and international goals. A semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90structured questionnaire was distributed across countries participating in the EU Horizon\uffe2\uff80\uff902020 \uffe2\uff80\uff9cTransforming Unsustainable management of soils in key agricultural systems in E.U. and China. Developing an integrated platform of alternatives to reverse soil degradation (TUdi).\uffe2\uff80\uff9d Using farmers' associations and educational institutions as an intermediate to distribute the questionnaires was an effective strategy for gathering a high number of responses. Results from 456 responses to the questionnaire showed that farm country, size, type of agriculture, and educational level of farm managers were significantly associated with the farmers' perception of soil degradation issues. Farm size and type of agriculture were also correlated with applying a nutrient management plan. The implications of the results for soil conservation measures are discussed. Additionally, we highlight the potential of projects such as TUdi for creating collaboration networks to drive widespread adoption by farmers of technologies to reverse the degradation of agricultural soils.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "330", "agricultural stakeholders", " conservation agriculture", " Europe", " questionnaire", " soil degradation", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "1. No poverty", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1960350/1/A56%20Falcao%20SUM.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2318/1960350"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2318/1960350", "name": "item", "description": "2318/1960350", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2318/1960350"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2898547471", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:22:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-27", "title": "Hidden miners \u2013 the roles of cover crops and soil microorganisms in phosphorus cycling through agroecosystems", "description": "Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient in many agroecosystems and costly fertilizer inputs can cause negative environmental impacts. Cover crops constitute a promising management option for sustainable intensification of agriculture. However, their interactions with the soil microbial community, which is a key driver of P cycling, and their effects on the following crop, have not yet been systematically assessed. We conducted a meta-analysis of published field studies on cover crops and P cycling, focusing on plant-microbe interactions. We describe several distinct, simultaneous mechanisms of P benefits for the main crop. Decomposition dynamics, governed by P concentration, are critical for the transfer of P from cover crop residues to the main crop. Cover crops may enhance the soil microbial community by providing a legacy of increased mycorrhizal abundance, microbial biomass P, and phosphatase activity. Cover crops are generally most effective in systems low in available P, and may access \u2018unavailable\u2019 P pools. However, their effects on P availability are difficult to detect by standard soil P tests, except for increases after the use of Lupinus sp. Agricultural management (i.e. cover crop species selection, tillage, fertilization) can improve cover crop effects. In summary, cover cropping has the potential to tighten nutrient cycling in agricultural systems under different conditions, increasing crop P nutrition and yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture", "Mobilisation <Bodenchem", "Sustainable intensification", "Bodenmikrobiologie", "Fruchtfolge", "P-mobilization", "Agriculture", "Phosphor", "Plant-microbial interactions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "N\u00e4hrstoffkreislauf", "Zwischenfrucht", "15. Life on land", "Nutrient cycling", "630", "Bodenmikroorganismus", "ddc:630", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorkreislauf"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-018-3810-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2898547471"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2898547471", "name": "item", "description": "2898547471", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2898547471"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3087611538", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:22:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-18", "title": "Multi-Functional Land Use Is Not Self-Evident for European Farmers: A Critical Review", "description": "Soils perform more functions than primary productivity. Examples of these functions are the recycling of nutrients, the regulation and purification of water, the regulation of the climate, and supporting biodiversity. These abilities are generally referred to as the soil quality. Soil management that favors primary productivity may have positive and negative impacts on the other functions, and vice versa, depending on soil and climatic conditions. All these functions are under pressure, particularly in intensive agriculture. In the absence of mandatory regulations, most European farmers give limited attention to other functions than primary productivity in spite of recommendations by scientists, society and policy makers to acknowledge the ecosystem services provided by soils. The present paper analyses the underlying causes of this limited attention for the multi-functionality of soils by farmers. It is concluded that their focus on primary productivity may stem from (1) insufficient visible proof for soil degradation and benefits of preventive measures over curative measures, (2) limited awareness or conviction of long-term synergies, (3) insufficient remuneration of ecosystem services by society or compensation of yield penalties in favor of these services, (4) lacking trustworthy knowledge about and support for multi-functional soil management, and (5) absence of incentives and regulations on soil management and their enforcement. All these shortcomings need to be addressed by advisors, scientists, and policy makers, whilst acknowledging the need for underpinning and differentiation of incentives and regulations.", "keywords": ["GLOBAL DILEMMA", "DEPLETE SOIL-NITROGEN", "ECOSYSTEM SERVICES", "COVER CROPS", "CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE", "01 natural sciences", "primary productivity", "soil degradation", "MANAGEMENT", "QUALITY", "GE1-350", "soil quality", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "soil health", "land management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "13. Climate action", "CATTLE SLURRY", "soil function", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3087611538"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3087611538", "name": "item", "description": "3087611538", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3087611538"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "4aab35b54d6a200219ab296aac160b4a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:23:08Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Managing water scarcity European and Chinese cropping systems", "description": "Welcome and general introduction by Project Coordinator Jose Alfonso Gomez Calero, IAS-CSIC:      -Actual potential of tree deficit irrigation, sensorization and differentiated spatial management for optimizing water use under droughts. Speaker: Juan Jose Alarc\u00f3n. CEBAS-CSIC      -Actual potential of conservation agriculture and green cover crops in the rotation for optimizing soil water retention in annual crops. Speaker: Tomas Dostal. CVTU      -Cost Benefit Analysis and carbon/water footprint for specific agricultural systems across countries and farm typologies. Speaker: Gianni Quaranta.   UNIBAS, MEDES.      -Regional crop modelling for evaluating water use in agriculture. Speaker: Gabrielle de Lannoy. KU Leuven      -Training and cooperation in large EU China projects, lessons learned. Speaker: Ian Dodd.  ULANC      -Key policy recommendations from SHui. Speaker: Rossana Salvia. UNIBAS, MEDES       Round Table:      Future of optimization of water use in agriculture. Drivers and identification of gaps in knowledge and implementation.      Moderator: Jose Alfonso Gomez Calero. IAS-CSIC      Participants: Miguel Barnuevo. Union de Peque\u00f1os Agricultores; Tim Hess. Cranfield University; Dirk Raes. KU Leuven and M\u00aa Ferrer. FENACORE. SHui (Soil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation) ran from September 2018 to August 2022 to address best use of soil and water in European and Chinese cropping systems via transdisciplinary research from plot to regional scales. Combining long-term experiments and modelling analysis at different scales evaluated the impact of Best Management Practices (BMPs) on water-limited crop productivity and soil retention, including socio-economic issues. The project also developed tools to facilitate implementation of soil and water saving technologies in specific farming situations. The objective of this in-person meeting in Brussels is to present the main project findings to stakeholders and policy makers, as well as to discuss in a round table the issues related to use of scarce water resources in agriculture. This project is co-funded by the European Commission within H2020 Framework Programme (Project: 773903). This project is co-funded by the Chinese Ministry of Science & Technology under CFM (China-EU Co-Funding Mechanism) Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture", "Cover crops", "Cropping systems", "Best Management Practices", "Water use efficiency", "SHui", "15. Life on land", "Remote sensing", "6. Clean water", "EU-China engagement", "13. Climate action", "Tree deficit irrigation", "Crop modeling", "Precision irrigation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G\u00f3mez Calero, Jos\u00e9 Alfonso, Alarc\u00f3n Caba\u00f1ero, Juan Jos\u00e9, Intrigliolo, Diego S., Dost\u00e1l, Tom\u00e1\u0161, Quaranta, Gianni, Lannoy, Gabrielle de, Dodd, Ian C., Salvia, Rossana,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/4aab35b54d6a200219ab296aac160b4a"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "4aab35b54d6a200219ab296aac160b4a", "name": "item", "description": "4aab35b54d6a200219ab296aac160b4a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/4aab35b54d6a200219ab296aac160b4a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "b9d8c472-57fc-4213-ab86-c80ad42e9afa", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.27, 27.64], [-31.27, 69.06], [29.72, 69.06], [29.72, 27.64], [-31.27, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2025-10-08", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2025-09-29", "language": "eng", "title": "Survey of farmers on (perception of) biodiversity management in agriculture in ten European countries", "description": "We conducted a large-scale survey among farmers in ten countries across Europe (Estonia, France, Hungary, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the UK) to assess their viewpoints on biodiversity (management) in agriculture. We collected basic data on agricultural structure and farm management, including biodiversity innovations and other practices promoting biodiversity, the awareness and knowledge of farmers on the relevance of biodiversity for their economic and ecological performance and perceptions to achieve biodiversity targets based on stated preferences. The relevant sections of the survey cover farmers\u2019 willingness to: 1) implement biodiversity measures, such as flower strips, hedgerows or extensive grassland management, asking for their motivation, necessary conditions, knowledge, importance of biodiversity outcomes and environmental effectiveness, but also the perceived risks they have; 2) participate agri-environmental schemes to foster biodiversity, including aspects such as biodiversity labelling, spatial connection bonus, advice/information or support through cooperation along the value chain through food hubs; and 3) participate in a new biodiversity business model based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Furthermore, the survey encompasses a spatial experiment on where farmers would place biodiversity measures (hedgerows and flower strips) in the field, accounting for influencing factors such as slope, soil quality, wind, proximity to streets, forest or pre-existing hedgerows. The survey was conducted online, and supplemented by hard copy questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, and workshops where online contacts to farmers could not be established easily. 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