Rice exudation patterns changed in response to P deficiency. Higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production. Total carboxylate exudation rates mostly decreased under P-limiting conditions.
AbstractWithin the rhizosphere, root exudates are believed to play an important role in plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. This could be particularly beneficial in upland rice production where P is often limited. However, knowledge gaps remain on how P deficiency shapes quality and quantity of root exudation in upland rice genotypes. We therefore investigated growth, plant P uptake, and root exudation patterns of two rice genotypes differing in P efficiency in semi-hydroponics at two P levels (low P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M, adequate P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89100\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M). Root exudates were collected hydroponically 28 and 40\uffc2\uffa0days after germination to analyze total carbon (C), carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds spectrophotometrically and carboxylates using a targeted LC\uffe2\uff80\uff93MS approach. Despite their reported role in P solubilization, we observed that carboxylate exudation rates per unit root surface area were not increased under P deficiency. In contrast, exudation rates of total C, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were mostly enhanced in response to low P supply. Overall, higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production in the P-inefficient genotype Nerica4, whereas the larger root system with lower C investment (per unit root surface area) in root exudates of the P-efficient DJ123 allowed for better plant growth under P deficiency. Our results reveal new insights into genotype-specific resource allocation in rice under P-limiting conditions that warrant follow-up research including more genotypes.
", "keywords": ["Genotype", "Hydroponics", "carbohydrates ; phenolics ; amino acids ; carboxylates ; phosphorus", "Plant Exudates", "Rhizosphere", "Original Article", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "Biomass", "Amino Acids", "Plant Roots", "Carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Henning Schwalm, Christiana Staudinger, Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei, Eva Mundschenk, Alireza Golestanifard, Maire Holz, Matthias Wissuwa, Eva Oburger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Planta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-03", "title": "Quality Of Soil Organic Matter And C Storage As Influenced By Cropping Systems In Northwestern Alberta, Canada", "description": "Crop rotations and reduction in tillage are commonly recommended for sustained crop production and enhancing soil quality. Our objective was to evaluate the long-term effects of cropping systems (1968\u20131992) on soil structure, carbon storage and the quality of soil organic matter. The study was conducted on a silt clay loam soil (Typic Cryoboralf) near Beaverlodge, Alberta, The cropping systems were: (a) continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (CB); (b) continuous bromegrass (Bromus inermiss Leyess.) (CG); (c) continuous forage legume (Medicago sativa L. until 1977, and Trifolium pratense L. since 1978) (CL); and (d) 3\u00a0years of bromegrass-legume forage alternating with 3\u00a0years of barley (RF). Our data showed that the CG and CL treatments had more stable aggregates with greater mean weight diameter (MWD) than soil under continuous barley. Organic C, total N and the light fraction in soil under CG and CL were higher than those of the other two treatments. Soil under CG had the highest and CB the lowest amounts of acid-hydrolyzable monosacchrides (comprising glucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose and galactose). Higher galactose\u00a0+\u00a0mannose concentration in soil under CG indicated a higher soil microbiological activity. Microbial biomass C and N followed the trend among treatments in whole and light fraction organic matter, and total extracted sugars. Soil organic matter 13C-NMR spectroscopy showed that: (i) soil under CB contained the highest amounts of aromatic and the lowest content of aliphatic-C, (ii) soil under CL had the lowest phenolic-C and the least aromaticity, and (iii) soil under CG and RF had the highest amounts of aliphatic-C which includes labile substances such as amino acids and carbohydrates, indicating an improvement in the quality of organic matter. It is concluded that perennial forage crops can improve soil structure and soil organic matter quality and quantity as compared with cereal monoculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Aggregation", "13C-NMR spectroscopy", "Carbon storage", "Carbohydrates", "Microbial biomass", "Light fraction organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Arshad, M. A., Soon, Y. K., Ripmeester, J. A,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-27", "title": "Influence of step duration in fractionated Py-GC/MS of lignocellulosic biomass", "description": "Fractionated pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) appears as an interesting analytical tool for elucidating lignocellulosic biomass structure, as it allows the progressive release of chemical fragments representative of biomass macromolecular composition. In this paper the effect of fractionated pyrolysis time (from 5 s to 300 s) on the degradation of lignin and carbohydrates from beech wood was studied at temperatures between 250 \u00b0C and 500 \u00b0C. Fractionated Py-GC/MS showed that the release temperature of the volatile degradation products varied between the volatile species detected. In addition, the step duration time changed the thermal degradation behavior of lignocellulosic components. Shortening the constant step duration time from 300 s to 5 s shifted the maximum weight loss to the higher temperatures. The result was opposite at long step duration times. Time optimization at each pyrolysis temperature (250 \u00b0C, 40 s; 300 \u00b0C, 30 s; 350 \u00b0C, 25 s; 370 \u00b0C, 20 s; 400 \u00b0C, 15 s; 450 \u00b0C, 10 s; 500 \u00b0C, 5 s) enhanced the yield of both lignin and carbohydrate volatile pyrolysis degradation products. In addition, two multiple temperature maxima were shown for some lignin and carbohydrate derivatives. This behavior may be due to the two different pathways of formation and macromolecular origins of compounds in beech wood. At optimized conditions lignin derivatives having a 3-carbon side chain substituent had a maximum at lower temperature than that of lignin derivatives with a 1-carbon side chain substituent. That phenomenon follows the order of primary and secondary pyrolysis reactions. Similar behaviors were observed among the degradation products of hemicelluloses and cellulose. Degradation products of hemicelluloses were mainly released at lower temperatures than those of cellulose derivatives, which illustrates the lower thermal stability of hemicelluloses compared to cellulose.
", "keywords": ["Beech", "ta114", "[CHIM.GENI] Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering", "[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering", "Fractionated pyrolysis", "Carbohydrates", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "540", "Py-GC/MS", "Lignin", "7. Clean energy", "13. Climate action", "Thermal degradation", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "G\u00e9nie chimique", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "G\u00e9nie des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s", "ta116", "ta215"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/27243/1/GonzalezMartinez_27243.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Analytical%20and%20Applied%20Pyrolysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-05", "title": "Multi-Site Assessment Of The Effects Of Plastic-Film Mulch On The Soil Organic Carbon Balance In Semiarid Areas Of China", "description": "AbstractPlastic-film mulch is widely used to increase soil temperature and reduce water evaporation in vegetable production. In China, it is also extensively used for growing grain crops, especially in temperature and rainfall limited areas. However, it remains unclear whether the technology is sustainable in terms of maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) balance. We assessed the effects of plastic-film mulch on the SOC balance in maize (Zea mays L.) production in a range of cold semiarid environments. We imposed four treatments: (i) no plastic-film mulch or straw incorporation, (ii) plastic-film mulch, (iii) straw incorporation in soil without mulch, and (v) straw incorporation plus mulch, in ridge\u2013furrow prepared fields at five sites along a hydrothermal gradient for up to six years. Maize root biomass across sites increased by 23\u201338% in mulched plots associated with the increase in aboveground biomass, indicating an increased SOC input, compared to that in non-mulched plots. The plastic-film mulch increased SOC mineralization, indicated by the stimulated decomposition of buried maize straw, and a 4\u20135% reduction in the concentration of light-fraction SOC (<1.8gcm\u22123), but the total SOC concentration and stock in the 0\u20130.15m soil layer did not change relative to no mulch after six years of continuous cropping. Plastic-film mulch did not affect the total non-cellulosic sugar content; however, it significantly increased the contribution of microbial-synthesized sugars to the total non-cellulosic sugars, indicating an intensified microbial action on the SOC pool compared to no mulch. Straw incorporation increased the root biomass, light and total SOC concentrations and non-cellulosic sugars, and changed the non-cellulosic sugar composition. We conclude that the increase in soil temperature and moisture by use of plastic-film mulch enhances productivity, but importantly maintains the SOC level in temperature- and rainfall-limited semiarid regions by balancing the increased SOC mineralization with increased root-derived C input.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Atmospheric Science", "Global and Planetary Change", "Root biomass", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil organic carbon level", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "Non-cellulosic carbohydrates", "Soil carbon mineralization", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-07", "title": "Effects Of Simultaneous Ozone Exposure And Nitrogen Loads On Carbohydrate Concentrations, Biomass, And Growth Of Young Spruce Trees (Picea Abies)", "description": "Spruce saplings were grown under different nitrogen fertilization regimes in eight chamberless fumigation systems, which were fumigated with either charcoal-filtered (F) or ambient air (O3). After the third growing season trees were harvested for biomass and non-structural carbohydrate analysis. Nitrogen had an overall positive effect on the investigated plant parameters, resulting in increased shoot elongation, biomass production, fine root soluble carbohydrate concentrations, and also slightly increased starch concentrations of stems and roots. Only needle starch concentrations and fine root sugar alcohol concentrations were decreased. Ozone fumigation resulted in needle discolorations and affected most parameters negatively, including decreased shoot elongation and decreased starch concentrations in roots, stems, and needles. In fine roots, however, soluble carbohydrate concentrations remained unaffected or increased by ozone fumigation. The only significant interaction was an antagonistic effect on root starch concentrations, where higher nitrogen levels alleviated the negative impact of ozone.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Ecology", "Plant Stems", "Nitrogen", "Carbohydrates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Plant Leaves", "Ozone", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Picea", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "V.F.D. Thomas, Walter Fl\u00fcckiger, Sabine Braun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117980", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-24", "title": "Apple pomaces derived from mono-varietal Asturian ciders production are potential source of pectins with appealing functional properties", "description": "Comprehensive chemical characterization of nine mono-varietal apple pomaces obtained from the production of ciders with PDO is described. They were rich in essential minerals, fibers (35-52.9 %), and polyphenols. High levels in GalA (11.8-21.6 %), revealed the suitability of these apple pomaces as efficient sources of pectins. Extracted pectins showed high variability in monomer composition, with degrees of methylesterification, strongly associated with pectins functional properties, ranging from 58 to 88 %. For a subset of apple pomace varieties, pectin extraction was accomplished by conventional acid heat treatment or ultrasound. Despite ultrasound-assisted extraction did not improve pectin yield, it minimized levels of 'non-pectin' components as revealed by the low content of Glc/Man, leading to the obtainment of high-purity pectin. Our work highlights the key role played by the selection of the apple variety to streamline the potential food applications (gelling/thickening agents or prebiotics) of the extracted pectins that largely depend on their structural features.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "Cider processing", "Carbohydrates", "Ultrasound assisted-extraction", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Phenolic content", "Apple pomace", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Pectin", "Dietary fiber"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117980"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Carbohydrate%20Polymers", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117980", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117980", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117980"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-12", "title": "The impact of newly produced protein and dietary fiber rich fractions of yellow pea ( Pisum sativum L.) on the structure and mechanical properties of pasta-like sheets", "description": "Two fractions from pea (Pisum sativum L.), protein isolate (PPI) and dietary fiber (PF), were newly produced by extraction-fractionation method and characterized in terms of particle size distribution and structural morphology using SEM. The newly produced PPI and PF fractions were processed into pasta-like sheets with varying protein to fiber ratios (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 and 50/50, respectively) using high temperature compression molding. We studied protein polymerization, molecular structure and protein-fiber interactions, as well as mechanical performance and cooking characteristics of processed PPI-PF blends. Bi-modal particle size distribution and chemical composition of the PPI and PF fractions influenced significantly the physicochemical properties of the pasta-like sheets. Polymerization was most pronounced for the 100 PPI, 90/10 and 80/20 PPI-PF samples as studied by SE-HPLC, and polymerization decreased with addition of the PF fraction. The mechanical properties, as strength and extensibility, were likewise the highest for the 100 PPI and 90/10 PPI-PF blends, while the E-modulus was similar for all the studied blends (around 38\u202fMPa). The extensibility decreased with the increasing amount of PF in the blend. The highest amounts of \u03b2-sheets were found in the pasta-like sheets with high amounts of PPI (100, 90 and 80%), by FT-IR. An increase in PF fraction in the blend, resulted into the high amounts of unordered structures as observed by FT-IR, as well as in an increase in the molecular scattering distances observed by SAXS. The water uptake increased and cooking loss decreased with increased proportions of the PF fraction, and the consistency of 10\u202fmin cooked pasta-like sheets were alike al dente texture. The new knowledge obtained in this study on the use of extraction-fractionation method to produce novel PPI and PF fractions for developing innovative high nutritious food can be of a great importance. The obtained knowledge on the pea protein and fiber processing behaviour could greatly contribute to a better control of functional properties of various temperature-processed products from yellow pea.", "keywords": ["Dietary Fiber", "2. Zero hunger", "Hot Temperature", "Food Handling", "Protein Conformation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plant Proteins", " Dietary", "Polymerization", "Structure-Activity Relationship", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "Functional Food", "Elastic Modulus", "Scattering", " Small Angle", "Spectroscopy", " Fourier Transform Infrared", "Carbohydrate Conformation", "Chromatography", " Gel", "Dietary Carbohydrates", "Microscopy", " Electron", " Scanning", "Cooking", "Particle Size", "Nutritive Value", "Chromatography", " High Pressure Liquid", "Pisum sativum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Research%20International", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-01", "title": "Organic Matter Stabilization In Soil Aggregates: Understanding The Biogeochemical Mechanisms That Determine The Fate Of Carbon Inputs In Soils", "description": "Abstract We studied the biochemical and biophysical processes of carbon sequestration in an intensive agroforestry system on two soils (Feralsol \u2013 Luero; Arenosol \u2013 Teso) in W. Kenya to elucidate the mechanisms associated with long-term carbon storage. Specifically, we looked at a top-down model (macro-aggregates form around organic matter particles and micro-aggregates form within the macro-aggregates) and a bottom-up model (micro-aggregates form independently and are incorporated into macro-aggregates) of soil aggregate formation. Soil samples were collected from experiments on improved tree fallows using different species and two tillage treatments; water-stable aggregates were extracted and sorted into three size classes: macro-aggregates (>\u00a0212\u00a0\u03bcm), meso-aggregates (53\u2013212\u00a0\u03bcm) and micro-aggregates (20\u201353\u00a0\u03bcm). Organic matter characterization of each fraction was based on 13C isotope abundance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the abundance of polysaccharides. Improved fallows increased soil C by 0.28 and 0.26\u00a0kg m\u00ad2 in the top 20\u00a0cm of the soil profile in Luero and Teso, respectively. Tillage altered the distribution of aggregates among size classes. Changes in the \u03b413C signature in each fraction indicated that more of the new carbon was found in the macro-aggregates (35\u201370%) and meso-aggregates (18\u201349%) in Luero and less (9\u201317%) was found in the micro-aggregates. In Teso, about 40\u201380% of the new aggregate C was found in the meso-aggregates, 14\u201345% was found in the micro-aggregates and only 4\u201326% was found in the macro-aggregates. The meso-aggregates and macro-aggregates to a lesser extent, in both sites, were enriched in carboxylic-C and aromatic-C, indicating the importance of OM decomposition and plant-derived C in the stabilization of larger aggregates, supporting the top-down model of aggregate formation. Microbially derived polysaccharides play a leading role in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and carboxylic-C promotes stabilization through surface occlusion. This bottom-up process is essential to promote long-term carbon sequestration in soils. Additionally, the micro-aggregates at both sites were enriched in polysaccharides and had elevated ratios of galactose + mannose:arabinose + xylose than the other aggregate fractions, indicating the importance of microbial processes in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and supporting the bottom-up model.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Aggregates", "fallow", "C-13", "carbon", "Carbohydrates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "540", "630", "6. Clean water", "soil", "Improved", "FTIR", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-23", "title": "Carbohydrate Dynamics In Particle-Size Fractions Of Sandy Spodosols Following Forest Conversion To Maize Cropping", "description": "Abstract In southwest France, much of the forested land on sandy spodosols has been converted to continuous maize cropping in the last few decades. To evaluate the impacts of this change on soil organic matter properties, we compared total organic C and neutral and amino sugars content in whole soil and particle size separates of two forested, and five related sites that had been either clear-cut for 12 and 18 mo, or cultivated to maize for 4\u201322\u00a0yr. Soil carbohydrates accounted for 4\u20137% of the total organic C across all sites. Soil organic C contents of clear-cut and cultivated sites were only 57\u201379% of the average value measured in forested sites. Accordingly, carbohydrate content of clear-cut and cultivated sites were only 35\u201366% of the value in forested sites. Ordering the sites in a chronosequence indicated that both total organic C and carbohydrate contents decreased with an increase in time elapsed since clear-cutting and maize cultivation. The only exception was a partial recovery of carbohydrate content in the site that had been under continuous maize for 22\u00a0yr. The clay+silt fraction (0\u201350\u00a0\u03bcm) was enriched in carbohydrates, mainly of microbial origin, whereas the sand size fractions (50\u2013200 and 200\u20132000\u00a0\u03bcm) contained fewer carbohydrates which were mainly of plant origin. Monosaccharide analysis of particle size separates revealed significant differences in carbohydrate composition between sites. Relative to forested sites, the coarse and fine sand fractions in clear-cut and cultivated sites were depleted in carbohydrates and were relatively enriched in plant-derived carbohydrates. Carbohydrate content of the clay+silt fraction drastically decreased upon clear-cutting. Amino sugar content was consistently lower in clear-cut and cultivated sites than in forested sites, indicating that microbial populations were negatively affected by clear-cutting and cultivation. The fungal population appeared more sensitive than bacteria to these land-use changes as indicated by a greater decline in glucosamine than in muramic acid contents.", "keywords": ["PINE FOREST", "2. Zero hunger", "PODZOSOL", "550", "BIOCHIMIE", "CARBOHYDRATES", "PIN MARITIME", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "PARTICLE SIZE SEPARATE", "SUCRES", "MAIZE CROPPING", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "FRACTIONNEMENT GRANULOMETRIQUE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/jf040077x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-08-18", "title": "Effects Of Selenium Treatments On Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Growth And Concentrations Of Soluble Sugars And Starch", "description": "The effect of selenium (Se) treatments on potato growth and Se, soluble sugar, and starch accumulation was investigated. Potato plants were cultivated in quartz sand without or with sodium selenate (0, 0.075, 0.3 mg Se kg(-1) sand). In young potato plants, Se treatment resulted in higher starch concentrations in upper leaves. The tuber yield of Se-treated potato plants was higher and composed of relatively few but large tubers. At harvest, the starch concentration in tubers did not differ significantly between treatments. The higher Se addition (0.3 mg Se kg(-1)) may have delayed the aging of stolons and roots, which was observed as high concentrations of soluble sugar and starch. Together with the earlier results showing elevated starch concentration in Se-treated lettuce, the findings of this research justify the conclusion that Se has positive effects also on potato carbohydrate accumulation and possibly on yield formation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Dose-Response Relationship", " Drug", "Carbohydrates", "Starch", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Selenic Acid", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Tubers", "Selenium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Selenium Compounds", "Solanum tuberosum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Helin\u00e4 Hartikainen, Mervi Sepp\u00e4nen, Marja Turakainen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040077x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/jf040077x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/jf040077x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/jf040077x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Chemistry And Decomposition Of Litter From Populus Tremuloides Michaux Grown At Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Varying N Availability", "description": "SummaryIt has been hypothesized that greater production of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in foliage grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will result in higher concentrations of defensive compounds in tree leaf litter, possibly leading to reduced rates of decomposition and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems of the future. To evaluate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2on litter chemistry and decomposition, we performed a 111 day laboratory incubation with leaf litter of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichaux) produced at 36\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa and 56\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa CO2and two levels of soil nitrogen (N) availability. Decomposition was quantified as microbially respired CO2and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution, and concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates, N, carbon (C), and condensed tannins were monitored throughout the incubation. Growth under elevated atmospheric CO2did not significantly affect initial litter concentrations of TNC, N, or condensed tannins. Rates of decomposition, measured as both microbially respired CO2and DOC did not differ between litter produced under ambient and elevated CO2. Total C lost from the samples was 38\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as respired CO2and 138\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as DOC, suggesting short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pulses of dissolved C in soil solution are important components of the terrestrial C cycle. We conclude that litter chemistry and decomposition in trembling aspen are minimally affected by growth under higher concentrations of CO2.
", "keywords": ["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "carbohydrates", "Quaking aspen", "forest-soil", "litter-plant", "nitrogen", "nitrogen-", "Microlysimeter", "soil-chemistry", "cycling-", "populus-tremuloides", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Soil Carbon", "Microbiology of soils", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "chemical-composition", "Organic-matter", "soil-solution", "nutrient-availability", "Tannin", "leaf-litter", "Science", "decomposition-", "Nutrient enrichment", "Carbohydrates", "carbohydrates-", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "Nitrogen in soil", "michigan-", "carbon sinks", "C", "Nutrient budget of forests", "Litter", "Populus tremuloides", "Global Change", "tannins-", "Decomposition", "forest-litter", "Foliage", "Carbon dioxide effects on forest litter", "Climatic changes", "15. Life on land", "carbon-nitrogen-ratio", "Forest litter decomposition", "N Ratio", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial-activities", "nitrogen-content"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-24", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Content And Composition Of 130-Year Crop, Pasture And Forest Land-Use Managements", "description": "AbstractConversion of former agricultural land to grassland and forest ecosystems is a suggested option for mitigation of increased atmospheric CO2. A Sharpsburg prairie loess soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) provided treatments to study the impact of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term land use on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and composition for a 130\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old cropped, pasture and forest comparison. The forest and pasture land use significantly retained more SOC, 46% and 25%, respectively, compared with cropped land use, and forest land use increased soil C content by 29% compared with the pasture. Organic C retained in the soils was a function of the soil N content (r=0.98,P<0.001) and the soil carbohydrate (CH) concentration (r=0.96,P<0.001). Statistical analyses found that soil aggregation processes increased as organic C content increased in the forest and pasture soils, but not in the cropped soil. SOC was composed of similar percentages of CHs (49%, 42% and 51%), amino acids (22%, 15% and 18%), lipids (2.3%, 2.3% and 2.9%) and unidentified C (21%, 29% and 27%), but differed for phenolic acids (PAs) (5.7%, 11.6% and 1.0%) for the pasture, forest and cropped soils, respectively. The results suggested that the majority of the surface soil C sequestered in the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pasture and forest soils was identified as C of plant origin through the use of CH and PA biomarkers, although the increase in amino sugar concentration of microbial origin indicates a greater increase in microbial inputs in the three subsoils. The practice of permanent pastures and afforestation of agricultural land showed long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term potential for potential mitigation of atmospheric CO2.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "amino acids", "550", "Plant Sciences", "carbohydrates", "lignin", "organic C", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "land-use change", "lipids", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phenolic acids"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Martens, Dean A., Reedy, Thomas E., Lewis, David T., (retired),", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-12-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1079/bjn19690092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-19", "title": "Methane Production And Soluble Carbohydrates In The Rumen Of Sheep In Relation To The Time Of Feeding And The Effects Of Short-Term Intraruminal Infusions Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids", "description": "1. The daily methane production of sheep given sugar-beet pulp was greater than that of sheep given hay. The rates of methane production on both diets increased during feeding and then decreased to an apparently steady value. When no food was given the rates of methane production continued to fall exponentially with a half-life of about 24 h.
2. Mixtures of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids infused into the rumen during feeding inhibited the production of methane. The inhibition was greater when the sheep were given hay than when they were given sugar-beet pulp.
3. In general the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in the rumen increased during feeding and fell rapidly to the values found before feeding as soon as the sheep finished eating. The infusion of unsaturated fatty acids during feeding did not result in an accumulation of soluble carbohydrate in the rumen.
4. It is suggested that the rapid methane production during feeding was associated with fermentation of the more soluble part of the diet and that the fermentation of carbohydrate was not inhibited by the infused fatty acids. The results are consistent with specific inhibition of methanogenesis by unsaturated fatty acids.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Linseed Oil", "Rumen", "Sheep", "Time Factors", "Linoleic Acids", "Depression", " Chemical", "Fatty Acids", "Carbohydrates", "Dietary Carbohydrates", "Animals", "Methane"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. L. Clapperton, J. W. Czerkawski,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19690092"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/British%20Journal%20of%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1079/bjn19690092", "name": "item", "description": "10.1079/bjn19690092", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1079/bjn19690092"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1969-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/22.7.435", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-20", "title": "Responses Of Deciduous Broadleaf Trees To Defoliation In A Co2 Enriched Atmosphere", "description": "Relatively little is known about the implications of atmospheric CO2 enrichment for tree responses to biotic disturbances such as folivory. We examined the combined effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and defoliation on growth and physiology of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Seedlings were planted in the ground in eight open-top chambers. Four chambers were ventilated with CO2-enriched air (ambient + 283 micromol mol-1) and four chambers were supplied with ambient air. After 6 weeks of growth, half of the leaf area was removed on a subset of seedlings of each species in each CO2 treatment. We monitored subsequent biomass gain and allocation, along with leaf gas exchange and chemistry. Defoliation did not significantly affect final seedling biomass in either species or CO2 treatment. Growth recovery following defoliation was associated with increased allocation to leaf mass in maple and a slight enhancement of mean photosynthesis in aspen. Elevated [CO2] did not significantly affect aspen growth, and the observed stimulation of maple growth was significant only in mid-season. Correspondingly, simulated responses of whole-tree photosynthesis to elevated [CO2] were constrained by a decrease in photosynthetic capacity in maple, and were partially offset by reductions in specific leaf area and biomass allocation to foliage in aspen. There was a significant interaction between [CO2] and defoliation on only a few of the measured traits. Thus, the data do not support the hypothesis that atmospheric CO2 enrichment will substantially alter tree responses to folivory. However, our findings do provide further indication that regeneration-stage growth rates of certain temperate tree species may respond only moderately to a near doubling of atmospheric [CO2].", "keywords": ["defoliation-", "0106 biological sciences", "Ecophysiology", "Quaking aspen", "biomass-allocation", "growth-response", "Growth", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "plant-composition", "Trees", "biomass-", "Spermatophyta-", "Biomass", "Photosynthesis", "plant-physiology", "defoliation", "Angiospermae-", "leaf-area", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "seedling-growth", "source-sink-relations", "Populus-tremuloides", "gas-exchange", "Populus", "broadleaves-", "deciduous-tree", "forest-trees", "atmosphere-", "trees-", "biomass-production", "Acer saccharum", "Nitrogen", "Carbohydrates", "Acer", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "photosynthesis-", "growth-", "species-differences", "seedlings-", "wisconsin-", "Populus tremuloides", "photosynthesis", "Climatic changes", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Plant Leaves", "leaves-", "Aceraceae-: Dicotyledones-", "Carbon dioxide", "Sugar maple", "Seedlings", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "Acer-saccharum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Volin, John C., Kruger, Eric L., Lindroth, Richard L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.7.435"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/22.7.435", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/22.7.435", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/22.7.435"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0155375", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-12", "title": "Warming And Nitrogen Addition Alter Photosynthetic Pigments, Sugars And Nutrients In A Temperate Meadow Ecosystem", "description": "Global warming and nitrogen (N) deposition have an important influence on terrestrial ecosystems; however, the influence of warming and N deposition on plant photosynthetic products and nutrient cycling in plants is not well understood. We examined the effects of 3 years of warming and N addition on the plant photosynthetic products, foliar chemistry and stoichiometric ratios of two dominant species, i.e., Leymus chinensis and Phragmites communis, in a temperate meadow in northeastern China. Warming significantly increased the chlorophyll content and soluble sugars in L. chinensis but had no impact on the carotenoid and fructose contents. N addition caused a significant increase in the carotenoid and fructose contents. Warming and N addition had little impact on the photosynthetic products of P. communis. Warming caused significant decreases in the N and phosphorus (P) concentrations and significantly increased the carbon (C):P and N:P ratios of L. chinensis, but not the C concentration or the C:N ratio. N addition significantly increased the N concentration, C:P and N:P ratios, but significantly reduced the C:N ratio of L. chinensis. Warming significantly increased P. communis C and P concentrations, and the C:N and C:P ratios, whereas N addition increased the C, N and P concentrations but had no impact on the stoichiometric variables. This study suggests that both warming and N addition have direct impacts on plant photosynthates and elemental stoichiometry, which may play a vital role in plant-mediated biogeochemical cycling in temperate meadow ecosystems.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Carbohydrates", "Global Warming", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "0303 health sciences", "Q", "R", "Temperature", "Humidity", "Phosphorus", "Microclimate", "Pigments", " Biological", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "Solubility", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jixun Guo, Tao Zhang, Rui Guo, Shaobo Yang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155375"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0155375", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0155375", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0155375"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.ht4t3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:34Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Host phenology and potential saprotrophism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the boreal forest", "description": "Open AccessPhenology-induced changes in carbon assimilation by trees may affect carbon stored in fine roots and as a consequence, alter carbon allocated to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Two competing models exist to explain carbon mobilization by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Under the \u2018saprotrophy model\u2019, decreased allocation of carbon may induce saprotrophic behaviour in ectomycorrhizal fungi, resulting in the decomposition of organic matter to mobilize carbon. Alternatively, under the \u2018nutrient acquisition model\u2019, decomposition may instead be driven by the acquisition of nutrients locked within soil organic matter compounds, with carbon mobilization a secondary process. We tested whether phenology-induced shifts in carbon reserves of fine roots of aspen (Populus tremuloides) affect potential activity of four carbon-compound degrading enzymes, \u03b2-glucuronidase, \u03b2-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase and laccase, by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ectomycorrhizal roots from mature aspen were collected across eight stands in north-eastern Alberta, Canada, and analysed during tree dormancy, leaf flush, full leaf expansion and leaf abscission. We predicted potential extracellular enzyme activity to be highest when root carbon reserves were lowest, should host phenology induce saprotrophism. Further, we anticipated enzyme activity to be mediated by invertase, a plant-derived enzyme which makes carbon available to fungal symbionts in the plant\u2013fungus interface. Root carbon reserves were positively correlated with invertase, suggesting phenology may affect carbon allocation to ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, of the four enzymes, host phenology had the largest effect on \u03b2-glucuronidase, but activity of this enzyme was not correlated with root carbon reserves or invertase. Low-biomass ectomycorrhizas had greater potential laccase activity than high-biomass ectomycorrhizas, highlighting discrete functional traits in fungi for litter decomposition. Our results suggest that the decomposition of organic matter may be driven by foraging by fungi for nutrients locked within organic compounds rather than for mobilizing carbon. Furthermore, the potential ability to degrade lignin was more common in low-biomass ectomycorrhizas when compared to high-biomass ectomycorrhizas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "ectomycorrhizal exploration type", "extracellular enzymes", "15. Life on land", "nonstructural carbohydrates", "invertase"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hupperts, Stefan F., Pritsch, Karin, Landh\u00e4usser, Simon M., Karst, Justine,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ht4t3"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.ht4t3", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.ht4t3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.ht4t3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:37Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-09-28", "title": "Carbon availability affects already large species-specific differences in chemical composition of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelia in pure culture", "description": "unspecifiedAlthough ectomycorrhizal (ECM) contribution to soil organic matter processes receives increased attention, little is known about fundamental differences in chemical composition among species, and how that may be affected by carbon (C) availability. Here we study how 16 species (incl. 19 isolates) grown in pure culture at three different C:N ratios (10:1, 20:1 and 40:1) vary in chemical structure, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We hypothesised that C availability impacts directly on chemical composition, expecting increased C availability to lead to more carbohydrates and less proteins in the mycelia. There were strong and significant effects of ECM species (R2 = 0.873 and P = 0.001) and large species-specific differences in chemical composition. Chemical composition also changed significantly with C availability, and increased C led to more polysaccharides and less proteins for many species, but not all. Understanding how chemical composition change with altered C availability is a first step towards understanding their role in organic matter accumulation and decomposition.", "keywords": ["Pure culture", "cell wall composition", "carbon availability", "ectomycorrhizal fungi", "Carbohydrates", "Fungi", "Chemical composition", "Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy", "Proteins", "15. Life on land", "C:N ratio", "soil organic carbon", "FTIR spectra", "FOS: Biological sciences", "mycelia"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fransson, Petra, Robertson, A H Jean, Campbell, Colin D,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4281012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Roots Carbon Dynamics in Temperate forest roots, Thuringia, Germany", "description": "Open AccessThese files contain radiocarbon, d13C, NSC concentrations, and CO2 efflux rates measured for aspen (Populus tremula hybrids) roots collected during 2018 growing season in the Gro\u00dfer Hermannsberg Mountain, Germany (50\u00b042\u201950\u2019\u2019 N, 10\u00b036\u201913\u2019\u2019 E, 616 m a.s.l). Coarse (> 2 mm) and fine (2 \u2264 mm) roots collected from three 'treatments': before stem girdling (Pre-girdling), ~3 months after girdling (Girdling) and ~3 months after girdling but in un-girdled trees (Control). The files with the relevant results: '13C', '14C', 'CO2_efflux', 'NSC'. Few roots from the 'Pre-girdling' treatment were incubated for respiration measurements 7 d after harvest. The files with the relevant results: 'Repeated_incubations_isotopes', 'Repeated_incubations_fluxes'. Results of incubations used for Q10 calculations presented in the file 'CO2_efflux_Q10'. Temperature and rainfall in the site during 2018 growing season are presented in the file 'Field_temperature_rainfall'. Results used to reconstruct local atmospheric D14C-CO2 record are presented in the file 'Local_atmospheric_CO2_D14C'. The file 'Metadata' contains information about the headers in the other files.", "keywords": ["tree roots", "d13C", "15. Life on land", "storage dynamics", "nonstructural carbohydrates", "radiocarbon (14C)", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4281012"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4281012", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4281012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4281012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4281013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Roots Carbon Dynamics in Temperate forest roots, Thuringia, Germany", "description": "Open AccessThese files contain radiocarbon, d13C, NSC concentrations, and CO2 efflux rates measured for aspen (Populus tremula hybrids) roots collected during 2018 growing season in the Gro\u00dfer Hermannsberg Mountain, Germany (50\u00b042\u201950\u2019\u2019 N, 10\u00b036\u201913\u2019\u2019 E, 616 m a.s.l). Coarse (> 2 mm) and fine (2 \u2264 mm) roots collected from three 'treatments': before stem girdling (Pre-girdling), ~3 months after girdling (Girdling) and ~3 months after girdling but in un-girdled trees (Control). The files with the relevant results: '13C', '14C', 'CO2_efflux', 'NSC'. Few roots from the 'Pre-girdling' treatment were incubated for respiration measurements 7 d after harvest. The files with the relevant results: 'Repeated_incubations_isotopes', 'Repeated_incubations_fluxes'. Results of incubations used for Q10 calculations presented in the file 'CO2_efflux_Q10'. Temperature and rainfall in the site during 2018 growing season are presented in the file 'Field_temperature_rainfall'. Results used to reconstruct local atmospheric D14C-CO2 record are presented in the file 'Local_atmospheric_CO2_D14C'. The file 'Metadata' contains information about the headers in the other files.", "keywords": ["tree roots", "d13C", "15. Life on land", "storage dynamics", "nonstructural carbohydrates", "radiocarbon (14C)", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4281013"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4281013", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4281013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4281013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11499414", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:28:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-23", "title": "Root exudation patterns of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines in response to P limitation", "description": "Abstract Main conclusionRice exudation patterns changed in response to P deficiency. Higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production. Total carboxylate exudation rates mostly decreased under P-limiting conditions.
AbstractWithin the rhizosphere, root exudates are believed to play an important role in plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. This could be particularly beneficial in upland rice production where P is often limited. However, knowledge gaps remain on how P deficiency shapes quality and quantity of root exudation in upland rice genotypes. We therefore investigated growth, plant P uptake, and root exudation patterns of two rice genotypes differing in P efficiency in semi-hydroponics at two P levels (low P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M, adequate P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89100\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M). Root exudates were collected hydroponically 28 and 40\uffc2\uffa0days after germination to analyze total carbon (C), carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds spectrophotometrically and carboxylates using a targeted LC\uffe2\uff80\uff93MS approach. Despite their reported role in P solubilization, we observed that carboxylate exudation rates per unit root surface area were not increased under P deficiency. In contrast, exudation rates of total C, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were mostly enhanced in response to low P supply. Overall, higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production in the P-inefficient genotype Nerica4, whereas the larger root system with lower C investment (per unit root surface area) in root exudates of the P-efficient DJ123 allowed for better plant growth under P deficiency. Our results reveal new insights into genotype-specific resource allocation in rice under P-limiting conditions that warrant follow-up research including more genotypes.
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