{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-20", "title": "Can Carbon Sequestration Markets Benefit Low-Income Producers In Semi-Arid Africa? Potentials And Challenges", "description": "Abstract   The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration.  In theory, C markets present win-win opportunities for buyers and sellers of C stocks. In practice, however, C markets are very complex. They presuppose the existence and integration of technical capacity to enhance C storage in production systems, the capacity for resource users to adopt and maintain land resource practices that sequester C, the ability for dealers or brokers to monitor C stocks at a landscape level, the institutional capacity to aggregate C credits, the financial mechanisms for incentive payments to reach farmers, and transparent and accountable governance structures that can ensure equitable distribution of benefits. Hence, while C payments may contribute to increasing rural incomes and promoting productivity enhancement practices, they may also expose resource users to additional social tensions and institutional risks.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Poverty reduction", "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Payments for environmental services", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Afforestation", "West Africa", "11. Sustainability", "Reforestation", "Poverty", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Drylands", "1. No poverty", "Kyoto Protocol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Semiarid zones", "Carbon credits", "PES", "Greenhouse gases", "Carbon offsets", "Emissions", "Economic incentives", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon markets"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Perez, C., Roncoli, \u202aCarla, Neely, Constance L., Steiner, J. L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-67622008000600002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-08", "title": "Biomass Quantification And Emission Reduction Certificates For Rubber - Cocoa Intercropping", "description": "<p>Os objetivos deste trabalho foram quantificar a biomassa vegetal e analisar o potencial de gera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de Certificados de Emiss\uffc3\uffb5es Reduzidas (CERs) em um cons\uffc3\uffb3rcio de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) M. Arg. aos 34 anos de idade com cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) aos 6 anos de idade. O experimento foi realizado nas Fazendas Reunidas Vale do Juliana, em Igrapi\uffc3\uffbana, Bahia. A quantifica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da biomassa arb\uffc3\uffb3rea foi feita utilizando-se o m\uffc3\uffa9todo direto e destrutivo de cinco seringueiras e 10 cacaueiros, selecionados em uma \uffc3\uffa1rea de 2,2 ha. A biomassa da serapilheira foi quantificada por meio da coleta do material sobre o solo. O estoque de carbono no cons\uffc3\uffb3rcio seringueira-cacau foi de 91,5 Mg C ha-1. Desse total, 84,7 Mg C ha-1 estavam estocados na seringueira, 5,2 Mg C ha-1 no cacaueiro e 1,6 Mg C ha-1 na serapilheira. O carbono contabilizado no cons\uffc3\uffb3rcio correspondeu a 336 Mg CO2eq. ha-1, que equivalem \uffc3\uffa0 gera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de 336 CERs ha-1. O cons\uffc3\uffb3rcio seringueira-cacau apresentou capacidade para estocagem de carbono, podendo trazer grandes contribui\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es para a redu\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera, e isso o credencia como atividade promissora na gera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de projetos candidatos ao recebimento de cr\uffc3\uffa9ditos de carbono.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "carbon credits", "Biomassa", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Hevea brasiliensis", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Theobroma cacao", "Biomass", "cr\u00e9ditos de carbono"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622008000600002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20%C3%81rvore", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-67622008000600002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-67622008000600002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-67622008000600002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-08", "description": "Open AccessEn este estudio se evalu\u00f3 la biomasa a\u00e9rea en seis diferentes sistemas agroforestales de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) asociado con especies forestales maderables y frutales\u00a0; con el prop\u00f3sito de conocer el potencial de captura de carbono por cada sistema. El estudio se realiz\u00f3 en dos diferentes sitios ubicados en la regi\u00f3n San Mart\u00edn (Provinces de San Mart\u00edn et Mariscal C\u00e1ceres). Los sistemas agroforestales estimados presentaron edades de 5, 12 y 20 a\u00f1os. En cada sistema se establecieron aleatoriamente cinco cuadrantes de 100 m2 cada uno, evalu\u00e1ndose la biomasa vegetal total existente. Para evaluar la ecuaci\u00f3n alom\u00e9trica del cacao se muestrearon 7 plantas cuyas edades variaron de 01 hasta 22 a\u00f1os. Loas resultados en captura de carbono en cada sistema agroforestal var\u00edan desde 26,2 t C ha-1para el sistema de Pachiza de 5 a\u00f1os hasta 45,07 t C ha-1del sistema agroforestal de Pachiza de 12 a\u00f1os\u00a0; As\u00ed mismo, la captura de carbono en biomasa arb\u00f3rea de los \u00e1rboles vivos, oscil\u00f3 desde 12,09 t ha-1 hasta 35,5 t ha-1, seguido por la biomasa de hojarasca que presentaron valores desde 4 t ha-1 hasta 9,97 t ha-1\u00a0; mientras la biomasa de \u00e1rboles muertos en pie y ca\u00eddos muertos presentaron valores muy variables y bajos. Los sistemas agroforestales de 12 y 20 a\u00f1os representan el 66,7% de los sistemas que presentan reservas de carbono por encima de los 40 t C ha-1\u00a0; mientras que los sistemas de 5 a\u00f1os se encuentran con reservas de carbono por debajo de los 30 t C ha-1. Los sistemas agroforestales de 5 a\u00f1os ubicados en Juanjui y Pachiza presentaron el mayor flujo de carbono anual, generando el mayor beneficio econ\u00f3mico con cr\u00e9ditos por CO2 equivalente.", "keywords": ["cacao", "sistemas agroforestales", "Horticulture", "01 natural sciences", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Humanities", "Cocoa Production", "Carbono", "cr\u00e9ditos de C", "Agroforestry systems", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "Geography", "Life Sciences", "carbon credits", "FOS: Humanities", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Cacao Agroforestry Management and Conservation", "biomasa", "13. Climate action", "Theobroma", "CO\u00b2", "Art"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Concha, Juanita Y., Alegre, Julio C., Pocomucha, Vicente,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecolog%C3%ADa%20Aplicada", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343", "name": "item", "description": "10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14742204", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:41Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Analysis of Current MRV Systems", "description": "The concept of quality criteria is a fundamental aspect addressed by crediting standards in carbon farming globally. However, significant variations exist in how these criteria are addressed and the accuracy of the methods employed. Consequently, this divergence results in carbon credits of varying performance within the Voluntary Carbon Market. This comparative analysis of quality criteria proposed in 11 existing MRV methodologies applied including private certification standards (Verra, Gold Standard, Plan Vivo, and MoorFutures), public standards (Label Bas-Carbone, UK Woodland Carbon Code and UK Peatland Code), and independent international bodies (GHG Protocol and the Integrity Council for Voluntary Carbon Market). We highlight the divergence between actual standards and propositions under the Carbon Removal Certification Framework, particularly in five quality criteria: additionality, permanence, leakage, baseline and double counting. By examining these variations, this review sheds light on the challenges and opportunities for enhancing the consistency and robustness of carbon offsetting practices in agricultural contexts. While for a deeper analysis, evaluation of the limitations in existing methodologies, forward-thinking solutions, recommended practices for forthcoming strategies, and expert analyses are included in MARVIC Deliverable 1.2 Draft Rules and Guiding Principles for the MRV Framework.  Please note that this report has not yet been approved by the European Commission and is still under review.", "keywords": ["Voluntary Carbon Market", "carbon credits", "MRV", "Carbon farming"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lorand, Lorette, de la Sayette, Marine, Jubera, Romane, Ruau, C\u00e9lia, Lanckriet, Edouard,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14742204"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14742204", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14742204", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14742204"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon+credits&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon+credits&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon+credits&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon+credits&offset=4", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 4, "numberReturned": 4, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T18:07:00.252904Z"}