{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-12", "title": "Pulse, Shunt and Storage: Hydrological Contraction Shapes Processing and Export of Particulate Organic Matter in River Networks", "description": "Abstract<p>Streams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5\uffe2\uff80\uff9316, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks.</p", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "DYNAMICS", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "FLOW", "WOOD", "01 natural sciences", "Modelling", "Article", "LEAF", "preconditioning", "leaf litter; stream; catchment; organic carbon; organic matter degradation; carbon cycling; preconditioning; flow intermittence; modelling", "HETEROGENEITY", "Organic carbon", "organic matter degradation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "CARBON FLUXES", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Leaf litter", "Carbon cycle", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "flow intermittence", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "STREAM", "Stream", "Catchments", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unive.it/bitstream/10278/5031900/2/Catalan_et_al_Ecosystems_2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-26", "title": "Linking Dissolved Organic Carbon Cycling To Organic Carbon Fluxes In Rice Paddies Under Different Water Management Practices", "description": "Although paddy soils are generally characterized by relatively high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and fluxes, little is yet known on how water management influences the cycling of this important organic C pool. This work aims at providing insights into the link between DOC cycling during rice cropping and organic C input to the subsoils and export with surface waters, as well as methane (CH4) emissions in a temperate paddy soil as a function of different water management practices. DOC quantity, quality and fluxes, as well as CH4 emissions were evaluated at field-scale over two cropping seasons for three water management systems including continuous flooding, dry seeding with delayed flooding, and intermittent irrigation. DOC cycling in the different water management systems were strongly linked to the reducing soil conditions resulting from field flooding. In contrast to dry seeding or intermittent irrigation, adoption of continuous flooding not only favoured the accumulation of DOC in the topsoil (>10\u201320\u00a0mg C l\u22121), but also enhanced C inputs to the subsoil (33\u201351\u00a0g C m\u22122), and exports with surface waters (18\u201344\u00a0g C m\u22122). Moreover, changes in DOC quality in paddy soils were linked to a positive feedback on the abiotic release of soil-derived DOC, and substrate availability for CH4 production. Water management practices in rice paddies strongly affect the temporal trends in DOC quantity and quality over the cropping season, with important implications on organic C fluxes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic carbon fluxes", " soil redox conditions", " reductive dissolution", " surfacewaters", " subsoil", " methane emissions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1543501/4/Said-Pullicino_Open%20access.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2018gb005967", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-07", "title": "Quantifying Degradative Loss of Terrigenous Organic Carbon in Surface Sediments Across the Laptev and East Siberian Sea", "description": "Abstract<p>Ongoing permafrost thaw in the Arctic may remobilize large amounts of old organic matter. Upon transport to the Siberian shelf seas, this material may be degraded and released to the atmosphere, exported off\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf, or buried in the sediments. While our understanding of the fate of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived organic matter in shelf waters is improving, poor constraints remain regarding degradation in sediments. Here we use an extensive data set of organic carbon concentrations and isotopes (n\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0109) to inventory terrigenous organic carbon (terrOC) in surficial sediments of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas (LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS). Of these ~2.7 Tg terrOC about 55% appear resistant to degradation on a millennial timescale. A first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order degradation rate constant of 1.5\uffc2\uffa0kyr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 is derived by combining a previously established relationship between water depth and cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf sediment\uffe2\uff80\uff90terrOC transport time with mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated terrOC loadings. This yields a terrOC degradation flux of ~1.7\uffc2\uffa0Gg/year from surficial sediments during cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf transport, which is orders of magnitude lower than earlier estimates for degradation fluxes of dissolved and particulate terrOC in the water column of the LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS. The difference is mainly due to the low degradation rate constant of sedimentary terrOC, likely caused by a combination of factors: (i) the lower availability of oxygen in the sediments compared to fully oxygenated waters, (ii) the stabilizing role of terrOC\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral associations, and (iii) the higher proportion of material that is intrinsically recalcitrant due to its chemical/molecular structure in sediments. Sequestration of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90released terrOC in shelf sediments may thereby attenuate the otherwise expected permafrost carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedback.</p", "keywords": ["carbon fluxes; degradation; Arctic shelves; permafrost; marine sediments", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "carbon fluxes", "Arctic shelves", "marine sediments", "Research Articles", "degradation", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005967"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gb005967"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2018gb005967", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2018gb005967", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2018gb005967"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-22", "title": "Net Ecosystem Production And Carbon Balance Of An Src Poplar Plantation During Its First Rotation", "description": "AbstractTo evaluate the potential of woody bioenergy crops as an alternative energy source, there is need for a more comprehensive understanding of their carbon cycling and their allocation patterns throughout the lifespan. We therefore quantified the net ecosystem production (NEP) of a poplar (Populus) short rotation coppice (SRC) culture in Flanders during its second growing season.Eddy covariance (EC) techniques were applied to obtain the annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of the plantation. Further, by applying a component-flux-based approach NEP was calculated as the difference between the modelled gross photosynthesis and the respiratory fluxes from foliage, stem and soil obtained via upscaling from chamber measurements. A combination of biomass sampling, inventories and upscaling techniques was used to determine NEP via a pool-change-based approach.Across the three approaches, the net carbon balance ranged from 96 to 199\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121 indicating a significant net carbon uptake by the SRC culture. During the establishment year the SRC culture was a net source of carbon to the atmosphere, but already during the second growing season there was a significant net uptake. Both the component-flux-based and pool-change-based approaches resulted in higher values (47\u2013108%) than the EC-estimation of NEE, though the results were comparable considering the considerable and variable uncertainty levels involved in the different approaches. The efficient biomass production \u2013 with the highest part of the total carbon uptake allocated to the aboveground wood \u2013 led the poplars to counterbalance the soil carbon losses resulting from land use change in a short period of time.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "NEE", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Physics", "Carbon pools", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Net primary production", "Carbon budget", "Populus", "Carbon fluxes", "Biology", "Engineering sciences. Technology", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Waste Management and Disposal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-21", "title": "How Simulations of the Land Carbon Sink Are Biased by Ignoring Fluvial Carbon Transfers: A Case Study for the Amazon Basin", "description": "Summary   Land-surface models are important tools for simulation of the past, present, and future capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to absorb anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, fluvial carbon (C) transfers are presently neglected in these models. Using the Amazon basin as a case study, we show that this negligence leads to significant underestimation of the net uptake of atmospheric C while terrestrial C storage changes are overestimated. These biases arise from the fact that C\u2014in reality, leached from soils and exported through the river network\u2014is instead represented as partly being respired and partly being stored in soils. Moreover, these biases scale mainly to the fluvial C export to the coast, despite aquatic CO2 emission to the atmosphere being the major pathway of riverine C exports. We further show that fluvial C transfers may change significantly in response to changes in either hydrology or in atmospheric C uptake by vegetation.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "NEE", "550", "0207 environmental engineering", "G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "rivers", "land-surface modeling", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "carbon cycle", "NBP", "Amazon river", "fluvial carbon fluxes", "land carbon sink", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/315237/1/doi_298881.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/One%20Earth", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-24", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Enrichment Effects On Co2 And Methane Fluxes From An Upland Ecosystem", "description": "Reactive nitrogen (N) deposition can affect many ecosystem processes, particularly in oligotrophic habitats, and is expected to affect soil C storage potential through increases in microbial decomposition rate as a consequence of greater N availability. Increased N availability may also result in changes in the principal limitations on ecosystem productivity. Phosphorus (P) limitation may constrain productivity in instances of high N deposition, yet ecosystem responses to P availability are poorly understood. This study investigated CO2 and CH4 flux responses to N and P enrichment using both short- (1year) and long-term (16year) nutrient addition experiments. We hypothesised that the addition of either N or P will increase CO2 and CH4 fluxes, since both plant production and microbial activity are likely to increase with alleviation from nutrient limitation. This study demonstrated the modification of C fluxes from N and P enrichment, with differing results subject to the duration of nutrient addition. On average, relative to control, the addition of N alone inhibited CO2 flux in the short-term (-9%) but considerably increased CO2 emissions in the long-term (+35%), reduced CH4 uptake in the short term (-90%) and reduced CH4 emission in the long term (-94%). Phosphorus addition increased CO2 and CH4 emission in the short term (+20% and +184% respectively), with diminishing effect into the long term, suggesting microbial communities at these sites are P limited. Whilst a full C exchange budget was not examined in the experiment, the potential for soil C storage loss with long-term nutrient enrichment is demonstrated and indicates that P addition, where P is a limiting factor, may have an adverse influence on upland soil C content.", "keywords": ["nitrogen deposition", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "P limitation", "13. Climate action", "pollution", "soil carbon", "carbon fluxes", "15. Life on land", "co-limitation", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stiles, William A.V., Rowe, Edwin C., Dennis, Peter,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13308514", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:23:21Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-08-12", "title": "Yearly CO2 emissions from anthropogenic land use change by main driver (2014-2023)", "description": "Background  Human-induced land use change (LUC), driven by activities such as forestry, logging, and the production of agricultural commodities (e.g. fruits, nuts, and meat) significantly impacts the Global Commons, encompassing the climate system, ice sheets, land biosphere, oceans, and the ozone layer. The convertion of natural forests into areas dedicated to these activities lead to disrupted ecosystems (Foley et al. 2005), severely degraded biodiversity (Newbold et al. 2015), and the release of substantial amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere (Hong et al. 2021), further exacerbating climate change and ocean acidification (Doney et al. 2009). The expansion of the agricultural frontier is identified as the predominant direct cause of deforestation globally, with other industries like timber and mining also playing significant roles (Curtis et al. 2018). To achieve global climate targets, forestry, and other land use GHG emissions must decrease along a nonlinear trajectory and reach carbon neutrality by 2050 (Rockstr\u00f6m et al. 2017). However, to successfully address this road map, improving our understanding of deforestation drivers is urgently needed.  Summary  This dataset is the result of data processing performed to estimate the extent to which commodities and other agricultural products have replaced forests, while mapping the CO2 emission impact making use of the best available spatially explicit data. Results are reported globally for 52 products at national level, as well as agroecological and thermal zones (FAO & IIASA) and a 50km cell vector grid.  In order to detect spatially-explicit deforestation drivers, the current extent of commodities and agricultural products was overlapped with global annual tree cover loss in the 10-year period from 2014 to 2023. Carbon stocks in the deforested areas were then assumed to have been emmited into the atmosphere. Recent, detailed crop and pasture maps for relevant commodities were used whenever available, and coarser resolution datasets were used as supplements when needed. Operations were performed in Google Earth Engine.  Datasets used  Forest and biomass carbon distribution  The\u00a0Global Forest Change dataset (Hansen et al., 2013) is used to estimate deforestation between 2014 and 2023. This tree cover loss dataset measures the first instance of complete removal of tree cover canopy at a 30-meter resolution for all woody vegetation over 5 meters in height.  The WCMC Above and Below Ground Biomass Carbon Density (Soto-Navarro et al., 2020), for reference year 2010 at 300m pixel, is overlapped with resulting deforested areas pixels to dermine the biomass carbon present in the areas before deforestation.  Generalized deforestation drivers  Tree cover loss by dominant driver (Curtis et al., 2022) in 2023 is used to determine wide categories of deforestation drivers (commodities, shifting agriculture, forestry, wildfire and urbanization). Pixels indicating deforestation in the Global Forest Change dataset (Hansen et al., 2013) that overlap the commodities and shifting agriculture pixels from this dataset (Curtis et al., 2022) have their drivers further detailed with the data sources listed in the below.  EarthStat pasture areas layer (Ramankutty et al., 2008) is used to identify areas for which specific livestock categories are to be defined. The project provides pasture areas for reference year 2000 at ~10km resolution.  Detailed deforestation drivers  The Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) commodity distibution layer (Becker-Reshef et al., 2023) is used to identify specific commodities (winter wheat, spring wheat, maize, rice and soybean) to deforestation pixels pertaining to the 'commodities' class. The ressource provides commodity distribution mapping at 5km pixel resolution. Values are provided as percentage of pixel area occupied by given crop.  The Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM) physical area layer (You et al., 2014) for reference year 2020 is used to detail drivers pertaining to the 'shifting agriculture' class. The dataset covers 46 crops and crop groups at ~9km pixel resolution. Values are provided as percentage of pixel area occupied by given crop or crop group.  The Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW3) (Gilbert et al., 2022) is used to determine which species (cattle, goat, sheep or horse) of livestock is raised in areas identified as pasture in the EarthStat layer and pertaining to the 'commodities' class. The project provides livestock distribution for reference year 2015 at ~9km resolution. Values are provided as number of individuals located within the pixel. Values were converted into percentage of pixel area covered by grazing field for given species based on species density thresholds.  Data processing  Most of data processing takes place in Google Earth Engine, with scripts redacted in javascript. In summary, two strategies were implemented:  Proportional driver distribution strategy: When deforestation pixels (Hansen et al., 2013) overlapped with pixels from at least one of the detailed deforestation drivers data sources, the driver describe in the latter were associated with that deforested area. Whenever more than one of these data sources had non-null pixels overlapping the area, a proportional distribution was assumed (i.e. if SPAM indicated 100% of the area to be covered by cowpea crops, GEOGLAM 100% by maize, and GLW3 100% by cattle grazing fields, the pixel is assumed to have 33.3% of its deforested area associated with each of these drivers).  Main driver strategy: When deforestation pixels did not overlap with any non-null pixels from any of the detailed drivers sources, the pixel is assumed to have the entirety of its deforested area associated with one single main driver resulting from a crop-livestock mosaic. The mosaic is created by taking the highest value from each of the crop or livestock distribution rasters, and then assigning the raster category to be the new pixel value, ultimately creating a category raster layer containing the main crop, crop group or livestock species occupying that pixel area. Null or zero values in this mosaic are filled-in by nearest neighbour analysis, to a limit of 20 pixels expansion. This was enough to ensure that all deforestation pixels had at least one detailed driver with which it could be associated. The logic behind this operation resides in the fact that the deforestation layer (Hansen et al., 2013) has a larger temporal coverage (with the more recent data point being the reference year 2023), while the detailed driver layers can be as old as reference year 2015. This means we're assuming the main deforestation drivers continued to expand their limits to neighbouring areas during the years for which no data is available.  Resulting rasters from both strategies are put together and a zonal statistics operation is performed in order to populate the vector grid cells.  Files  This repository contains the following files:    deforested_area_by_LUC_driver_2014_2023.CSV contains the deforested area (hectares) and the corresponding driver in each grid cell (idenfied by the id field) in each year, in CSV text format.  carbon_emissions_by_LUC_driver_2014_2023.CSV contains the carbon emitted (Mg CO2 eq.) and the corresponding driver in each grid cell (idenfied by the id field) in each year, in CSV text format.  spatial_grid.gpkg contains the raw 50km cell grid, with identification of country (iso3 and name fields), region, and FAO agroecological zone (zone field) and thermal zone (thermal field), in Geopackage format. In order to visualize the data in a map, the user will need to join one of the csv files to this geopackage file by basing the join on the 'id' field.  summary_showcase.png is an image showcasing maps created using the database, as well as a diagram showing the datasets used to create the final dataset.   How to cite  Iablonovski, G.; Berthet, E. C.; Roberts, S. (2024). Yearly CO2 emissions from anthropogenic land use change by main driver (2014-2023) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13308514  Authors and contact  Authors: Guilherme Iablonovski*, Etienne Charles Berthet, Sophie Roberts  *Corresponding author: Guilherme Iablonovski (guilherme.iablonovski@unsdsn.org)", "keywords": ["land use change", "deforestation", "carbon fluxes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Iablonovski, Guilherme, Berthet, Etienne Charles, Sophie, Roberts,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13308514"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13308514", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13308514", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13308514"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-06", "title": "Habitat Type Determines Herbivory Controls Over Co2 Fluxes In A Warmer Arctic", "description": "High-latitude ecosystems store large amounts of carbon (C); however, the C storage of these ecosystems is under threat from both climate warming and increased levels of herbivory. In this study we examined the combined role of herbivores and climate warming as drivers of CO2 fluxes in two typical high-latitude habitats (mesic heath and wet meadow). We hypothesized that both herbivory and climate warming would reduce the C sink strength of Arctic tundra through their combined effects on plant biomass and gross ecosystem photosynthesis and on decomposition rates and the abiotic environment. To test this hypothesis we employed experimental warming (via International Tundra Experiment [ITEX] chambers) and grazing (via captive Barnacle Geese) in a three-year factorial field experiment. Ecosystem CO2 fluxes (net ecosystem exchange of CO2, ecosystem respiration, and gross ecosystem photosynthesis) were measured in all treatments at varying intensity over the three growing seasons to capture the impact of the treatments on a range of temporal scales (diurnal, seasonal, and interannual). Grazing and warming treatments had markedly different effects on CO2 fluxes in the two tundra habitats. Grazing caused a strong reduction in CO2 assimilation in the wet meadow, while warming reduced CO2 efflux from the mesic heath. Treatment effects on net ecosystem exchange largely derived from the modification of gross ecosystem photosynthesis rather than ecosystem respiration. In this study we have demonstrated that on the habitat scale, grazing by geese is a strong driver of net ecosystem exchange of CO2, with the potential to reduce the CO2 sink strength of Arctic ecosystems. Our results highlight that the large reduction in plant biomass due to goose grazing in the Arctic noted in several studies can alter the C balance of wet tundra ecosystems. We conclude that herbivory will modulate direct climate warming responses of Arctic tundra with implications for the ecosystem C balance; however, the magnitude and direction of the response will be habitat-specific.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "Barnacle Goose", "herbivory", "Arctic Regions", "Temperature", "Branta leucopsis", "Feeding Behavior", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Random Allocation", "Arctic", "climate change", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "Geese", "Animals", "carbon fluxes", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sjogersten, Sofie, Van der Wal, Rene, Woodin, Sarah J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1601.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1601.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.1314194", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:23:21Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Majadas de Tietar: Ecosystem level and understorey carbon, water, and energy fluxes in a Mediterranean tree-grass ecosystem", "description": "Open Access{'references': ['Casals, P. et al., 2009. Soil CO2 efflux and extractable organic carbon fractions under simulated precipitation events in a Mediterranean Dehesa. Soil Biol. Biochem. 41, 1915 u20131922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015', 'El-Madany, T.S.,et al., 2018 (Accepted). Drivers of spatio-temporal variability of carbon dioxide and energy fluxes in a Mediterranean savanna ecosystem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.07.010', 'Knauer, J., et al.,(Accepted). bigleaf - An R package for the calculation of physical and physiological ecosystem properties from eddy covariance data. PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201114', 'Perez-Priego O,  et al., 2017. Evaluation of eddy covariance latent heat fluxes with independent lysimeter and sapflow estimates in a Mediterranean savannah ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 236: 87-99. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.01.009.', 'Wutzler, T., et al., 2018. Basic and extensible post-processing of eddy covariance flux data with REddyProc. Biogeosciences Discuss., p. 1-39.']}", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "tree-grass ecosystem", " Dehesa", " eddy covariance", " Carbon fluxes", " Water fluxes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Carrara, Arnaud, El-Madany, Tarek Sebastian, Lopez-Jimenez, Ramon, Hertel, Martin, Kolle, Olaf, Knauer, J\u00fcrgen, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Reichstein, Markus, Zaehle, S\u00f6nke, Migliavacca, Mirco,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1314194"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.1314194", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.1314194", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.1314194"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10278/5031900", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:25:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-12", "title": "Pulse, Shunt and Storage: Hydrological Contraction Shapes Processing and Export of Particulate Organic Matter in River Networks", "description": "Abstract<p>Streams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5\uffe2\uff80\uff9316, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks.</p", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "DYNAMICS", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "FLOW", "WOOD", "01 natural sciences", "Modelling", "Article", "LEAF", "preconditioning", "leaf litter; stream; catchment; organic carbon; organic matter degradation; carbon cycling; preconditioning; flow intermittence; modelling", "HETEROGENEITY", "Organic carbon", "organic matter degradation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "CARBON FLUXES", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Leaf litter", "Carbon cycle", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "flow intermittence", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "STREAM", "Stream", "Catchments", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unive.it/bitstream/10278/5031900/2/Catalan_et_al_Ecosystems_2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10278/5031900"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10278/5031900", "name": "item", "description": "10278/5031900", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10278/5031900"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.14243/346510", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-07", "title": "Quantifying Degradative Loss of Terrigenous Organic Carbon in Surface Sediments Across the Laptev and East Siberian Sea", "description": "Abstract<p>Ongoing permafrost thaw in the Arctic may remobilize large amounts of old organic matter. Upon transport to the Siberian shelf seas, this material may be degraded and released to the atmosphere, exported off\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf, or buried in the sediments. While our understanding of the fate of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived organic matter in shelf waters is improving, poor constraints remain regarding degradation in sediments. Here we use an extensive data set of organic carbon concentrations and isotopes (n\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0109) to inventory terrigenous organic carbon (terrOC) in surficial sediments of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas (LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS). Of these ~2.7 Tg terrOC about 55% appear resistant to degradation on a millennial timescale. A first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order degradation rate constant of 1.5\uffc2\uffa0kyr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 is derived by combining a previously established relationship between water depth and cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf sediment\uffe2\uff80\uff90terrOC transport time with mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated terrOC loadings. This yields a terrOC degradation flux of ~1.7\uffc2\uffa0Gg/year from surficial sediments during cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf transport, which is orders of magnitude lower than earlier estimates for degradation fluxes of dissolved and particulate terrOC in the water column of the LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS. The difference is mainly due to the low degradation rate constant of sedimentary terrOC, likely caused by a combination of factors: (i) the lower availability of oxygen in the sediments compared to fully oxygenated waters, (ii) the stabilizing role of terrOC\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral associations, and (iii) the higher proportion of material that is intrinsically recalcitrant due to its chemical/molecular structure in sediments. Sequestration of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90released terrOC in shelf sediments may thereby attenuate the otherwise expected permafrost carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedback.</p", "keywords": ["carbon fluxes; degradation; Arctic shelves; permafrost; marine sediments", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "carbon fluxes", "Arctic shelves", "marine sediments", "Research Articles", "degradation", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005967"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.14243/346510"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.14243/346510", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.14243/346510", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.14243/346510"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:26:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-21", "title": "How Simulations of the Land Carbon Sink Are Biased by Ignoring Fluvial Carbon Transfers: A Case Study for the Amazon Basin", "description": "Summary   Land-surface models are important tools for simulation of the past, present, and future capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to absorb anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, fluvial carbon (C) transfers are presently neglected in these models. Using the Amazon basin as a case study, we show that this negligence leads to significant underestimation of the net uptake of atmospheric C while terrestrial C storage changes are overestimated. These biases arise from the fact that C\u2014in reality, leached from soils and exported through the river network\u2014is instead represented as partly being respired and partly being stored in soils. Moreover, these biases scale mainly to the fluvial C export to the coast, despite aquatic CO2 emission to the atmosphere being the major pathway of riverine C exports. We further show that fluvial C transfers may change significantly in response to changes in either hydrology or in atmospheric C uptake by vegetation.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "NEE", "550", "0207 environmental engineering", "G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "rivers", "land-surface modeling", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "carbon cycle", "NBP", "Amazon river", "fluvial carbon fluxes", "land carbon sink", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/315237/1/doi_298881.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/One%20Earth", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237", "name": "item", "description": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon+fluxes&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon+fluxes&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon+fluxes&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon+fluxes&offset=12", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 12, "numberReturned": 12, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-31T02:08:26.815843Z"}