{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-27", "title": "Change In Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks In Soil Under 13 Years Of Conventional Or Zero Tillage In Southern Brazil", "description": "The objective of this study was to determine in a long-term experiment (13 years) the effect of three different crop rotations (R1: wheat (Triticum aestivum)\u2013soybean (Glycine max), R2: wheat\u2013soybean\u2013vetch (Vicia villosa)\u2013maize (Zea mays), and R3: wheat\u2013soybean\u2013oat (Avena sativa)\u2013soybean\u2013vetch\u2013maize) under zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) on the stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) in a clayey Oxisol soil of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. At the end of 13 years, soil samples were taken to a depth of 100 cm, and analysed for bulk density, chemical composition and 13 C natural abundance. Under a continuous sequence of wheat (winter) and soybean (summer) the stock of soil organic C to 100 cm depth under ZT (168 Mg ha \u22121 ) was not significantly different (LSD at P = 0.05 of 11 Mg ha \u22121 ) to that under CT (168 Mg ha \u22121 ). However, in the rotations with vetch planted as a winter green-manure crop (R2 and R3), soil C stocks were approximately 17 Mg ha \u22121 higher under ZT than under CT. Between 46 and 68% of this difference occurred at 30\u201385 cm depth. The 13 C abundance data indicated that under ZT the decomposition of the original native SOM was not affected by the different composition of crops in the different rotations, but under CT the rotations R2 and R3, which included vetch and maize, stimulated the decay of the original native SOM compared to the continuous wheat/soybean sequence (R1). It appears that the contribution of N2 fixation by the leguminous green manure (vetch) in the cropping system was the principal factor responsible for the observed C accumulation in the soil under ZT, and that most accumulated C was derived from crop roots. \u00a9 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Soil nutrients", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Carbon-13", "Green manure crops", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Crop rotations", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Zero tillage", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "Tillage methods", "Brazil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sisti, C. P. J., dos Santos, H. P., Kohhann, R., Alves, B. J. R., Urquiaga, S., Boddey, R. M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00259.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics In Regrowing Forest Of Eastern Amazonia", "description": "Summary<p>The future flora of Amazonia will include significant areas of secondary forest as degraded pastures are abandoned and secondary succession proceeds. The rate at which secondary forests regain carbon (C) stocks and re\uffe2\uff80\uff90establish biogeochemical cycles that resemble those of primary forests will influence the biogeochemistry of the region. Most studies have focused on the effects of deforestation on biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we present data on the recuperation of carbon stocks and carbon fluxes within a secondary forest of the eastern Amazon, and we compare these measurements to those for primary forest, degraded pasture, and productive pasture. Along a transect from a 23\uffe2\uff80\uff90y\uffe2\uff80\uff90old degraded pasture, through a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90y\uffe2\uff80\uff90old secondary forest, through a 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old secondary forest, and to a primary forest, the \uffce\uffb413C values of soil organic matter (SOM) in the top 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm of soil were \uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff8321.0, \uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff8326.5, \uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff8327.4, and \uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff8327.9\uffe2\uff80\uffb0, respectively, indicating that the isotopic signature of SOM from C3 forest plants was rapidly re\uffe2\uff80\uff90established. The degraded pasture also had significant inputs of C from C3 plants. Radiocarbon data indicated that most of the C in the top 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm of soil had been fixed by plants during the last 30\uffe2\uff80\uff83years. Differences in soil C inventory among land use types were small compared to uncertainties in their measurement. Root inputs were nearly identical in primary and secondary forests, and litterfall in the secondary forest was 88% of the litterfall rate of the primary forest. In contrast, the secondary forest had only 17% of the above ground biomass. Because of rapid cycling rates of soil C and rapid recovery of C fluxes to and from the soil, the below ground C cycle in this secondary forest was nearly identical with those of the unaltered primary forest.</p>", "keywords": ["forest", "Amazonia", "Ecology", "Life on Land", "13. Climate action", "carbon-13", "carbon-14", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Sciences", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt9dn6q5xv/qt9dn6q5xv.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00259.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00259.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00259.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00259.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon-13&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon-13&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon-13&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Carbon-13&offset=2", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2, "numberReturned": 2, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-30T16:21:41.895969Z"}