{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-19", "title": "Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Semi-Arid Soils Amended With Biochar Alone Or Combined With Mineral And Organic Fertilizers", "description": "Semi-arid soils cover a significant area of Earth's land surface and typically contain large amounts of inorganic C. Determining the effects of biochar additions on CO2 emissions from semi-arid soils is therefore essential for evaluating the potential of biochar as a climate change mitigation strategy. Here, we measured the CO2 that evolved from semi-arid calcareous soils amended with biochar at rates of 0 and 20tha(-1) in a full factorial combination with three different fertilizers (mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, and sewage sludge) applied at four rates (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, and 225kg potentially available Nha(-1)) during 182 days of aerobic incubation. A double exponential model, which describes cumulative CO2 emissions from two active soil C compartments with different turnover rates (one relatively stable and the other more labile), was found to fit very well all the experimental datasets. In general, the organic fertilizers increased the size and decomposition rate of the stable and labile soil C pools. In contrast, biochar addition had no effects on any of the double exponential model parameters and did not interact with the effects ascribed to the type and rate of fertilizer. After 182 days of incubation, soil organic and microbial biomass C contents tended to increase with increasing the application rates of organic fertilizer, especially of compost, whereas increasing the rate of mineral fertilizer tended to suppress microbial biomass. Biochar was found to increase both organic and inorganic C contents in soil and not to interact with the effects of type and rate of fertilizer on C fractions. As a whole, our results suggest that the use of biochar as enhancer of semi-arid soils, either alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers, is unlikely to increase abiotic and biotic soil CO2 emissions.", "keywords": ["Bioqu\u00edmica", "Mineral fertilizer", "Carbonates", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Inorganic C", "11. Sustainability", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Air Pollutants", "Minerals", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic amendment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-08", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Conservation Tillage On Stratification Ratio Of Soil Organic Carbon And Loss Of Total And Active Caco3", "description": "Open Access8 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, 26 references. Thanks are due to J. Rodr\u00edguez for help with soil sampling.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Semi-arid climate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage systems", "Soil nutrients and carbonates"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2002gb001925", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-05-23", "title": "Effects Of Co2and Nutrient Availability On Mineral Weathering In Controlled Tree Growth Experiments", "description": "<p>We sought to determine the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on mineral weathering reactions in midlatitude carbonate\uffe2\uff80\uff90bearing forest soils of differing nutrient availability. Increased plant growth and soil respiration under elevated atmospheric CO2 suggest increased rates of carbon cycling, which may affect mineral weathering. A randomized complete block experiment was conducted, where aspen and maple saplings were grown in open top chambers under two levels of atmospheric CO2 and soil N. Soil solution chemistry and soil gas PCO2 profiles beneath aspen were collected from planting (1997) to harvest (1999). Carbonate mineral weathering products (Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) dominated solutions, which were saturated with respect to calcite. Soil PCO2 values at 25 cm depth were 41% higher in high N soils, but CO2 treatment was not significant. An ANOVA model tested treatment effects on spring 1998 solution chemistry. CO2 treatment had a significant effect on DIC, which was 12% higher in elevated than ambient CO2 chambers. Little effect of CO2 treatment was observed in low N soils. In high N soils, solutions had higher concentrations of carbonate weathering products (DIC, 15%; HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92, 27%; Ca2+, 3%, not significant; Mg2+, 5%, not significant). Soil N availability had a significant, positive, effect on mean concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92, SO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92, and DOC. The soil N treatment difference in solutes may result from differences in PCO2 and, additionally, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 from organic matter decomposition. Our results suggest that increased carbonate weathering may occur under increased atmospheric CO2 and in fertile soils.</p>", "keywords": ["DIC", "Mineral Weathering", "Geological Sciences", "Science", "Carbonates", "Elevated Carbon Dioxide", "DOC", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil Solution", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001925"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2002gb001925", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2002gb001925", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2002gb001925"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/d4em00363b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-25", "title": "Low molecular weight organic acids stabilise siderite against oxidation and influence the composition of iron (oxyhydr)oxide oxidation products", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Siderite is stabilised against oxidation in the presence of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids (LMWOAs) with implications for iron mineral transformations and therefore contaminant and nutrient cycling.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Molecular Weight", "570", "Chemistry", "Minerals", "550", "Models", " Chemical", "Carbonates", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Ferric Compounds", "Iron Compounds"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/EM/D4EM00363B"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00363b"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%3A%20Processes%20%26amp%3B%20Impacts", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/d4em00363b", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/d4em00363b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/d4em00363b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "asaseandtetteh,2015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:29:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> It has been established that H+ secretion can be maintained in frog stomach in the absence of exogenous CO2 by using a nutrient bathing fluid containing 25 mM H2PO4 (pH approximately equal to 4.5) or by lowering the pH of a nonbuffered nutrient solution to about 3.0-3.6. Exogenous CO2 in the presence of these nutrient solutions uniformly caused a marked decrease in H+ secretion, PD, adn short-circuit current (Isc) and an increase in transmucosal resistance (R). Elevation of nutrient [k+] to 83 mM reduced R significantly but transiently without change in H+ when nutrient pH less than 5.0, whereas R returned to base line and H+ increased when nutrient pH greater than 5.0. Acidification of the nutrient medium in the presence of exogenous CO2 results in inhibition of the secretory pump, probably by decreasing intracellular pH, and also interferes with conductance at the nutrient membrane. Removal of exogenous CO2 from standard bicarbonate nutrient solution reduced by 50% the H+, PD, and Isc without change in R; K+-free nutrient solutions reverse these changes in Isc and PD but not in H+. The dropping PD and rising R induced by K+-free nutrient solutions in 5% CO2 - 95% O2 are returned toward normal by 100% O2. Our findings support an important role for exogenous CO2 in maintaining normal acid-base balance in frog mucosa by acting as an acidifying agent. </p>", "keywords": ["Acid-Base Equilibrium", "0301 basic medicine", "Rana catesbeiana", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Phosphates", "Electrophysiology", "Solutions", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Gastric Mucosa", "Potassium", "Animals", "Anura"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William Silen, JG Forte, T E Machen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/asaseandtetteh,2015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "asaseandtetteh,2015", "name": "item", "description": "asaseandtetteh,2015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/asaseandtetteh,2015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "bloszies,2016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:30:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> Effects of sodium nitrate were compared with sodium chloride loading on transport of electrolytes by the nephron. Maximal levels of free water clearance/clomerular filtration rate (CH2O/GFR) averaged 8.4% with nitrate loading and 14.4% with saline loading. Since ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide exert their major natriuretic effect in the distal nephron, the increment in Na ad Cl reabsorbed beyond the proximal tubule. The administration of these agents resulted in an increase in fractional sodium excretion (CNa/GFR) of 21.1%, urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) of 1,126 mueq/min, and urinary chloride excretion (UClV) of 848 mueq/min during nitrate loading compared with an increase in CNa/GFR of 37.6%, UNaV of 2,362 mueq/min, and UClV of 2,397 mueq/min during saline loading. The smaller diuretic-induced increment in Na and Cl excretion in the nitrate studies suggests, as do the hydrated studies, that less Cl and Na are reabsorbed in the distal nephron during nitrate than saline loading. At every level of UNaV, fractional bicarbonate reabsorption was higher, urine pH was lower, and urinary potassium excretion (UKV) was higher in the nitrate studies. Thus, compared with saline loading, sodium nitrate decreases chloride and sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. The higher hydrogen and potassium secretion in the nitrate studies may be consequent to the decreased ability of the distal nephron to reabsorb chloride. </p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Nitrates", "Sodium", "Biological Transport", "Chlorothiazide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Sodium Chloride", "Urine", "6. Clean water", "Diuresis", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "Electrolytes", "03 medical and health sciences", "Dogs", "Ethacrynic Acid", "Kidney Tubules", "Chlorides", "Potassium", "Animals", "Glomerular Filtration Rate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marvin F. Levitt, T Kahn, J. P. Bosch, MH Goldstein,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/bloszies,2016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "bloszies,2016", "name": "item", "description": "bloszies,2016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/bloszies,2016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "bravomartinez,2015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:30:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> It has been established that H+ secretion can be maintained in frog stomach in the absence of exogenous CO2 by using a nutrient bathing fluid containing 25 mM H2PO4 (pH approximately equal to 4.5) or by lowering the pH of a nonbuffered nutrient solution to about 3.0-3.6. Exogenous CO2 in the presence of these nutrient solutions uniformly caused a marked decrease in H+ secretion, PD, adn short-circuit current (Isc) and an increase in transmucosal resistance (R). Elevation of nutrient [k+] to 83 mM reduced R significantly but transiently without change in H+ when nutrient pH less than 5.0, whereas R returned to base line and H+ increased when nutrient pH greater than 5.0. Acidification of the nutrient medium in the presence of exogenous CO2 results in inhibition of the secretory pump, probably by decreasing intracellular pH, and also interferes with conductance at the nutrient membrane. Removal of exogenous CO2 from standard bicarbonate nutrient solution reduced by 50% the H+, PD, and Isc without change in R; K+-free nutrient solutions reverse these changes in Isc and PD but not in H+. The dropping PD and rising R induced by K+-free nutrient solutions in 5% CO2 - 95% O2 are returned toward normal by 100% O2. Our findings support an important role for exogenous CO2 in maintaining normal acid-base balance in frog mucosa by acting as an acidifying agent. </p>", "keywords": ["Acid-Base Equilibrium", "0301 basic medicine", "Rana catesbeiana", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Phosphates", "Electrophysiology", "Solutions", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Gastric Mucosa", "Potassium", "Animals", "Anura"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William Silen, JG Forte, T E Machen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/bravomartinez,2015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "bravomartinez,2015", "name": "item", "description": "bravomartinez,2015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/bravomartinez,2015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "cao,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:30:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. Fifty-three infants, randomized into one of four treatment groups, received 8 ml. per kilogram of a solution containing either (A) glucose in water, (B) salt-poor albumin, (C) NaHCO3, or (D) a combination of albumin and NaHCO3. After the initial infusion, the babies received no colloid or alkali solutions until 4 hours of age. We managed them supportively with warmth, appropriate oxygen administration, isotonic fluid infusion, and close monitoring. Among the infants who received alkali, 14 of 26 acquired the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 11 died, and four had intracranial hemorrhage. Among babies who received no alkali, RDS occurred in 11 of 27, 5 died, and none had intracranial hemorrhage. These results do not support the common practice of rapidly infusing NaHCO3 into high-risk, premature infants, and they suggest that the early management of such infants needs renewed critical evaluation.", "keywords": ["Male", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", " Newborn", "Time Factors", "Sodium", "Infant", " Newborn", "Infant", " Premature", " Diseases", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Hawaii", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Albumins", "Humans", "Female", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Prospective Studies", "Acidosis", "Cerebral Hemorrhage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lewis B. Harden, T. L. Clarke, Richard D. Bland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/cao,2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Survey%20of%20Anesthesiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "cao,2013", "name": "item", "description": "cao,2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/cao,2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "cheneta.,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:30:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. Fifty-three infants, randomized into one of four treatment groups, received 8 ml. per kilogram of a solution containing either (A) glucose in water, (B) salt-poor albumin, (C) NaHCO3, or (D) a combination of albumin and NaHCO3. After the initial infusion, the babies received no colloid or alkali solutions until 4 hours of age. We managed them supportively with warmth, appropriate oxygen administration, isotonic fluid infusion, and close monitoring. Among the infants who received alkali, 14 of 26 acquired the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 11 died, and four had intracranial hemorrhage. Among babies who received no alkali, RDS occurred in 11 of 27, 5 died, and none had intracranial hemorrhage. These results do not support the common practice of rapidly infusing NaHCO3 into high-risk, premature infants, and they suggest that the early management of such infants needs renewed critical evaluation.", "keywords": ["Male", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", " Newborn", "Time Factors", "Sodium", "Infant", " Newborn", "Infant", " Premature", " Diseases", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Hawaii", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Albumins", "Humans", "Female", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Prospective Studies", "Acidosis", "Cerebral Hemorrhage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lewis B. Harden, T. L. Clarke, Richard D. Bland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/cheneta.,2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Survey%20of%20Anesthesiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "cheneta.,2013", "name": "item", "description": "cheneta.,2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/cheneta.,2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "gonzalezalfaro,2015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:31:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> It has been established that H+ secretion can be maintained in frog stomach in the absence of exogenous CO2 by using a nutrient bathing fluid containing 25 mM H2PO4 (pH approximately equal to 4.5) or by lowering the pH of a nonbuffered nutrient solution to about 3.0-3.6. Exogenous CO2 in the presence of these nutrient solutions uniformly caused a marked decrease in H+ secretion, PD, adn short-circuit current (Isc) and an increase in transmucosal resistance (R). Elevation of nutrient [k+] to 83 mM reduced R significantly but transiently without change in H+ when nutrient pH less than 5.0, whereas R returned to base line and H+ increased when nutrient pH greater than 5.0. Acidification of the nutrient medium in the presence of exogenous CO2 results in inhibition of the secretory pump, probably by decreasing intracellular pH, and also interferes with conductance at the nutrient membrane. Removal of exogenous CO2 from standard bicarbonate nutrient solution reduced by 50% the H+, PD, and Isc without change in R; K+-free nutrient solutions reverse these changes in Isc and PD but not in H+. The dropping PD and rising R induced by K+-free nutrient solutions in 5% CO2 - 95% O2 are returned toward normal by 100% O2. Our findings support an important role for exogenous CO2 in maintaining normal acid-base balance in frog mucosa by acting as an acidifying agent. </p>", "keywords": ["Acid-Base Equilibrium", "0301 basic medicine", "Rana catesbeiana", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Phosphates", "Electrophysiology", "Solutions", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Gastric Mucosa", "Potassium", "Animals", "Anura"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William Silen, JG Forte, T E Machen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/gonzalezalfaro,2015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "gonzalezalfaro,2015", "name": "item", "description": "gonzalezalfaro,2015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/gonzalezalfaro,2015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "guo,t.,2015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:31:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> It has been established that H+ secretion can be maintained in frog stomach in the absence of exogenous CO2 by using a nutrient bathing fluid containing 25 mM H2PO4 (pH approximately equal to 4.5) or by lowering the pH of a nonbuffered nutrient solution to about 3.0-3.6. Exogenous CO2 in the presence of these nutrient solutions uniformly caused a marked decrease in H+ secretion, PD, adn short-circuit current (Isc) and an increase in transmucosal resistance (R). Elevation of nutrient [k+] to 83 mM reduced R significantly but transiently without change in H+ when nutrient pH less than 5.0, whereas R returned to base line and H+ increased when nutrient pH greater than 5.0. Acidification of the nutrient medium in the presence of exogenous CO2 results in inhibition of the secretory pump, probably by decreasing intracellular pH, and also interferes with conductance at the nutrient membrane. Removal of exogenous CO2 from standard bicarbonate nutrient solution reduced by 50% the H+, PD, and Isc without change in R; K+-free nutrient solutions reverse these changes in Isc and PD but not in H+. The dropping PD and rising R induced by K+-free nutrient solutions in 5% CO2 - 95% O2 are returned toward normal by 100% O2. Our findings support an important role for exogenous CO2 in maintaining normal acid-base balance in frog mucosa by acting as an acidifying agent. </p>", "keywords": ["Acid-Base Equilibrium", "0301 basic medicine", "Rana catesbeiana", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Phosphates", "Electrophysiology", "Solutions", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Gastric Mucosa", "Potassium", "Animals", "Anura"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William Silen, JG Forte, T E Machen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/guo,t.,2015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "guo,t.,2015", "name": "item", "description": "guo,t.,2015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/guo,t.,2015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "guo,z.,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:31:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. Fifty-three infants, randomized into one of four treatment groups, received 8 ml. per kilogram of a solution containing either (A) glucose in water, (B) salt-poor albumin, (C) NaHCO3, or (D) a combination of albumin and NaHCO3. After the initial infusion, the babies received no colloid or alkali solutions until 4 hours of age. We managed them supportively with warmth, appropriate oxygen administration, isotonic fluid infusion, and close monitoring. Among the infants who received alkali, 14 of 26 acquired the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 11 died, and four had intracranial hemorrhage. Among babies who received no alkali, RDS occurred in 11 of 27, 5 died, and none had intracranial hemorrhage. These results do not support the common practice of rapidly infusing NaHCO3 into high-risk, premature infants, and they suggest that the early management of such infants needs renewed critical evaluation.", "keywords": ["Male", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", " Newborn", "Time Factors", "Sodium", "Infant", " Newborn", "Infant", " Premature", " Diseases", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Hawaii", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Albumins", "Humans", "Female", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Prospective Studies", "Acidosis", "Cerebral Hemorrhage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lewis B. Harden, T. L. Clarke, Richard D. Bland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/guo,z.,2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Survey%20of%20Anesthesiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "guo,z.,2013", "name": "item", "description": "guo,z.,2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/guo,z.,2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "hinds,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:31:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. Fifty-three infants, randomized into one of four treatment groups, received 8 ml. per kilogram of a solution containing either (A) glucose in water, (B) salt-poor albumin, (C) NaHCO3, or (D) a combination of albumin and NaHCO3. After the initial infusion, the babies received no colloid or alkali solutions until 4 hours of age. We managed them supportively with warmth, appropriate oxygen administration, isotonic fluid infusion, and close monitoring. Among the infants who received alkali, 14 of 26 acquired the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 11 died, and four had intracranial hemorrhage. Among babies who received no alkali, RDS occurred in 11 of 27, 5 died, and none had intracranial hemorrhage. These results do not support the common practice of rapidly infusing NaHCO3 into high-risk, premature infants, and they suggest that the early management of such infants needs renewed critical evaluation.", "keywords": ["Male", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", " Newborn", "Time Factors", "Sodium", "Infant", " Newborn", "Infant", " Premature", " Diseases", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Hawaii", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Albumins", "Humans", "Female", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Prospective Studies", "Acidosis", "Cerebral Hemorrhage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lewis B. Harden, T. L. Clarke, Richard D. Bland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/hinds,2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Survey%20of%20Anesthesiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "hinds,2013", "name": "item", "description": "hinds,2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/hinds,2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "huang,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:33:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. Fifty-three infants, randomized into one of four treatment groups, received 8 ml. per kilogram of a solution containing either (A) glucose in water, (B) salt-poor albumin, (C) NaHCO3, or (D) a combination of albumin and NaHCO3. After the initial infusion, the babies received no colloid or alkali solutions until 4 hours of age. We managed them supportively with warmth, appropriate oxygen administration, isotonic fluid infusion, and close monitoring. Among the infants who received alkali, 14 of 26 acquired the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 11 died, and four had intracranial hemorrhage. Among babies who received no alkali, RDS occurred in 11 of 27, 5 died, and none had intracranial hemorrhage. These results do not support the common practice of rapidly infusing NaHCO3 into high-risk, premature infants, and they suggest that the early management of such infants needs renewed critical evaluation.", "keywords": ["Male", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", " Newborn", "Time Factors", "Sodium", "Infant", " Newborn", "Infant", " Premature", " Diseases", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Hawaii", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Albumins", "Humans", "Female", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Prospective Studies", "Acidosis", "Cerebral Hemorrhage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lewis B. Harden, T. L. Clarke, Richard D. Bland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/huang,2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Survey%20of%20Anesthesiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "huang,2013", "name": "item", "description": "huang,2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/huang,2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "jiang,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:33:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. Fifty-three infants, randomized into one of four treatment groups, received 8 ml. per kilogram of a solution containing either (A) glucose in water, (B) salt-poor albumin, (C) NaHCO3, or (D) a combination of albumin and NaHCO3. After the initial infusion, the babies received no colloid or alkali solutions until 4 hours of age. We managed them supportively with warmth, appropriate oxygen administration, isotonic fluid infusion, and close monitoring. Among the infants who received alkali, 14 of 26 acquired the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 11 died, and four had intracranial hemorrhage. Among babies who received no alkali, RDS occurred in 11 of 27, 5 died, and none had intracranial hemorrhage. These results do not support the common practice of rapidly infusing NaHCO3 into high-risk, premature infants, and they suggest that the early management of such infants needs renewed critical evaluation.", "keywords": ["Male", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", " Newborn", "Time Factors", "Sodium", "Infant", " Newborn", "Infant", " Premature", " Diseases", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Hawaii", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Albumins", "Humans", "Female", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Prospective Studies", "Acidosis", "Cerebral Hemorrhage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lewis B. Harden, T. L. Clarke, Richard D. Bland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/jiang,2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Survey%20of%20Anesthesiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "jiang,2013", "name": "item", "description": "jiang,2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/jiang,2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "jiang,d.,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:33:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. Fifty-three infants, randomized into one of four treatment groups, received 8 ml. per kilogram of a solution containing either (A) glucose in water, (B) salt-poor albumin, (C) NaHCO3, or (D) a combination of albumin and NaHCO3. After the initial infusion, the babies received no colloid or alkali solutions until 4 hours of age. We managed them supportively with warmth, appropriate oxygen administration, isotonic fluid infusion, and close monitoring. Among the infants who received alkali, 14 of 26 acquired the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 11 died, and four had intracranial hemorrhage. Among babies who received no alkali, RDS occurred in 11 of 27, 5 died, and none had intracranial hemorrhage. These results do not support the common practice of rapidly infusing NaHCO3 into high-risk, premature infants, and they suggest that the early management of such infants needs renewed critical evaluation.", "keywords": ["Male", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", " Newborn", "Time Factors", "Sodium", "Infant", " Newborn", "Infant", " Premature", " Diseases", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Hawaii", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Albumins", "Humans", "Female", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Prospective Studies", "Acidosis", "Cerebral Hemorrhage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lewis B. Harden, T. L. Clarke, Richard D. Bland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/jiang,d.,2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Survey%20of%20Anesthesiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "jiang,d.,2013", "name": "item", "description": "jiang,d.,2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/jiang,d.,2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "kaongaandbayliss-smith,2016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:33:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> Effects of sodium nitrate were compared with sodium chloride loading on transport of electrolytes by the nephron. Maximal levels of free water clearance/clomerular filtration rate (CH2O/GFR) averaged 8.4% with nitrate loading and 14.4% with saline loading. Since ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide exert their major natriuretic effect in the distal nephron, the increment in Na ad Cl reabsorbed beyond the proximal tubule. The administration of these agents resulted in an increase in fractional sodium excretion (CNa/GFR) of 21.1%, urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) of 1,126 mueq/min, and urinary chloride excretion (UClV) of 848 mueq/min during nitrate loading compared with an increase in CNa/GFR of 37.6%, UNaV of 2,362 mueq/min, and UClV of 2,397 mueq/min during saline loading. The smaller diuretic-induced increment in Na and Cl excretion in the nitrate studies suggests, as do the hydrated studies, that less Cl and Na are reabsorbed in the distal nephron during nitrate than saline loading. At every level of UNaV, fractional bicarbonate reabsorption was higher, urine pH was lower, and urinary potassium excretion (UKV) was higher in the nitrate studies. Thus, compared with saline loading, sodium nitrate decreases chloride and sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. The higher hydrogen and potassium secretion in the nitrate studies may be consequent to the decreased ability of the distal nephron to reabsorb chloride. </p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Nitrates", "Sodium", "Biological Transport", "Chlorothiazide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Sodium Chloride", "Urine", "6. Clean water", "Diuresis", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "Electrolytes", "03 medical and health sciences", "Dogs", "Ethacrynic Acid", "Kidney Tubules", "Chlorides", "Potassium", "Animals", "Glomerular Filtration Rate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marvin F. Levitt, T Kahn, J. P. Bosch, MH Goldstein,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/kaongaandbayliss-smith,2016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "kaongaandbayliss-smith,2016", "name": "item", "description": "kaongaandbayliss-smith,2016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/kaongaandbayliss-smith,2016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "li,2016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:33:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "<p> Effects of sodium nitrate were compared with sodium chloride loading on transport of electrolytes by the nephron. Maximal levels of free water clearance/clomerular filtration rate (CH2O/GFR) averaged 8.4% with nitrate loading and 14.4% with saline loading. Since ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide exert their major natriuretic effect in the distal nephron, the increment in Na ad Cl reabsorbed beyond the proximal tubule. The administration of these agents resulted in an increase in fractional sodium excretion (CNa/GFR) of 21.1%, urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) of 1,126 mueq/min, and urinary chloride excretion (UClV) of 848 mueq/min during nitrate loading compared with an increase in CNa/GFR of 37.6%, UNaV of 2,362 mueq/min, and UClV of 2,397 mueq/min during saline loading. The smaller diuretic-induced increment in Na and Cl excretion in the nitrate studies suggests, as do the hydrated studies, that less Cl and Na are reabsorbed in the distal nephron during nitrate than saline loading. At every level of UNaV, fractional bicarbonate reabsorption was higher, urine pH was lower, and urinary potassium excretion (UKV) was higher in the nitrate studies. Thus, compared with saline loading, sodium nitrate decreases chloride and sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. The higher hydrogen and potassium secretion in the nitrate studies may be consequent to the decreased ability of the distal nephron to reabsorb chloride. </p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Nitrates", "Sodium", "Biological Transport", "Chlorothiazide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Sodium Chloride", "Urine", "6. Clean water", "Diuresis", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "Electrolytes", "03 medical and health sciences", "Dogs", "Ethacrynic Acid", "Kidney Tubules", "Chlorides", "Potassium", "Animals", "Glomerular Filtration Rate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marvin F. Levitt, T Kahn, J. P. Bosch, MH Goldstein,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/li,2016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "li,2016", "name": "item", "description": "li,2016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/li,2016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "liandtang,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:33:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. Fifty-three infants, randomized into one of four treatment groups, received 8 ml. per kilogram of a solution containing either (A) glucose in water, (B) salt-poor albumin, (C) NaHCO3, or (D) a combination of albumin and NaHCO3. After the initial infusion, the babies received no colloid or alkali solutions until 4 hours of age. We managed them supportively with warmth, appropriate oxygen administration, isotonic fluid infusion, and close monitoring. Among the infants who received alkali, 14 of 26 acquired the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 11 died, and four had intracranial hemorrhage. Among babies who received no alkali, RDS occurred in 11 of 27, 5 died, and none had intracranial hemorrhage. These results do not support the common practice of rapidly infusing NaHCO3 into high-risk, premature infants, and they suggest that the early management of such infants needs renewed critical evaluation.", "keywords": ["Male", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", " Newborn", "Time Factors", "Sodium", "Infant", " Newborn", "Infant", " Premature", " Diseases", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Hawaii", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Albumins", "Humans", "Female", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Prospective Studies", "Acidosis", "Cerebral Hemorrhage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lewis B. Harden, T. L. Clarke, Richard D. Bland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/liandtang,2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Survey%20of%20Anesthesiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "liandtang,2013", "name": "item", "description": "liandtang,2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/liandtang,2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "liu,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:33:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. Fifty-three infants, randomized into one of four treatment groups, received 8 ml. per kilogram of a solution containing either (A) glucose in water, (B) salt-poor albumin, (C) NaHCO3, or (D) a combination of albumin and NaHCO3. After the initial infusion, the babies received no colloid or alkali solutions until 4 hours of age. We managed them supportively with warmth, appropriate oxygen administration, isotonic fluid infusion, and close monitoring. Among the infants who received alkali, 14 of 26 acquired the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 11 died, and four had intracranial hemorrhage. Among babies who received no alkali, RDS occurred in 11 of 27, 5 died, and none had intracranial hemorrhage. These results do not support the common practice of rapidly infusing NaHCO3 into high-risk, premature infants, and they suggest that the early management of such infants needs renewed critical evaluation.", "keywords": ["Male", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", " Newborn", "Time Factors", "Sodium", "Infant", " Newborn", "Infant", " Premature", " Diseases", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Hawaii", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Albumins", "Humans", "Female", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Prospective Studies", "Acidosis", "Cerebral Hemorrhage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lewis B. Harden, T. L. Clarke, Richard D. Bland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/liu,2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Survey%20of%20Anesthesiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "liu,2013", "name": "item", "description": "liu,2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/liu,2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "liu,d.,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:33:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. 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Exogenous CO2 in the presence of these nutrient solutions uniformly caused a marked decrease in H+ secretion, PD, adn short-circuit current (Isc) and an increase in transmucosal resistance (R). Elevation of nutrient [k+] to 83 mM reduced R significantly but transiently without change in H+ when nutrient pH less than 5.0, whereas R returned to base line and H+ increased when nutrient pH greater than 5.0. Acidification of the nutrient medium in the presence of exogenous CO2 results in inhibition of the secretory pump, probably by decreasing intracellular pH, and also interferes with conductance at the nutrient membrane. Removal of exogenous CO2 from standard bicarbonate nutrient solution reduced by 50% the H+, PD, and Isc without change in R; K+-free nutrient solutions reverse these changes in Isc and PD but not in H+. The dropping PD and rising R induced by K+-free nutrient solutions in 5% CO2 - 95% O2 are returned toward normal by 100% O2. 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Our findings support an important role for exogenous CO2 in maintaining normal acid-base balance in frog mucosa by acting as an acidifying agent. </p>", "keywords": ["Acid-Base Equilibrium", "0301 basic medicine", "Rana catesbeiana", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Phosphates", "Electrophysiology", "Solutions", "Bicarbonates", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Gastric Mucosa", "Potassium", "Animals", "Anura"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William Silen, JG Forte, T E Machen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/mao,2015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "mao,2015", "name": "item", "description": "mao,2015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mao,2015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "maoandzeng,2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:33:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-06", "description": "We conducted a controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of rapidly infusing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and salt-poor albumin into high-risk, premature infants in the first 2 hours of life. 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Uzorci su prikupljeni iz tri bu\u0161otine te su provedene mineralo\u0161ke analize sedimenta. Kvalitativnom rendgenskom analizom neorijentiranih preparata dobiven je cjelokupni sastav uzoraka. Snimljeni rendgenogrami su prikazali prisutnost kvarca, kalcita i minerala glina. Kalcimetrijom je odre\u0111en udio karbonatne komponente svakog uzorka. Za potrebe izrade orijentiranih preparata za kvalitativnu rendgensku difrakcijsku analizu uklonjeni su karbonati i organska tvar. Snimanjem orijentiranih uzoraka identificirani su minerali glina na temelju njihovih karakteristi\u010dnih bazalnih maksimuma. Minerali glina koji se pojavljuju su smektit/smektit-klorit, illit, kaolinit, te ponegdje vermikulit i mije\u0161anoslojne gline. Dio uzoraka pro\u010di\u0161\u0107enih od karbonata i organske tvari je kori\u0161ten i za odre\u0111ivanje kapaciteta kationske izmjene (CEC). Ova metoda se provodila upotrebom bakrovog etilendiaminskog kompleksa.", "keywords": ["NATURAL SCIENCES. Geology. 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Exogenous CO2 in the presence of these nutrient solutions uniformly caused a marked decrease in H+ secretion, PD, adn short-circuit current (Isc) and an increase in transmucosal resistance (R). Elevation of nutrient [k+] to 83 mM reduced R significantly but transiently without change in H+ when nutrient pH less than 5.0, whereas R returned to base line and H+ increased when nutrient pH greater than 5.0. Acidification of the nutrient medium in the presence of exogenous CO2 results in inhibition of the secretory pump, probably by decreasing intracellular pH, and also interferes with conductance at the nutrient membrane. Removal of exogenous CO2 from standard bicarbonate nutrient solution reduced by 50% the H+, PD, and Isc without change in R; K+-free nutrient solutions reverse these changes in Isc and PD but not in H+. The dropping PD and rising R induced by K+-free nutrient solutions in 5% CO2 - 95% O2 are returned toward normal by 100% O2. 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