{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-27", "title": "Microbial Biomass And Activity At Various Soil Depths In A Brazilian Oxisol After Two Decades Of No-Tillage And Conventional Tillage", "description": "The advantages of no-tillage (NT) over conventional tillage (CT) systems in improving soil quality are generally accepted, resulting from benefits in soil physical, chemical and biological properties. However, most evaluations have only considered surface soil layers (maximum 0\u201330 cm depth), and values have not been corrected to account for changes in soil bulk density. The objective of this study was to estimate a more realistic contribution of the NT to soil fertility, by evaluating C- and N-related soil parameters at the 0\u201360 cm depth in a 20-year experiment established on an oxisol in southern Brazil, with a soybean (summer)/wheat (winter) crop succession under NT and CT. At full flowering of the soybean crop, soil samples were collected at depths of 0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330, 30\u201340, 40\u201350 and 50\u201360 cm. For the overall 0\u201360 cm layer, correcting the values for soil bulk density, NT significantly increased the stocks of C (18%) and N (16%) and microbial biomass C (35%) and N (23%) (MB-C and -N) in comparison to CT. Microbial basal respiration and microbial quotient (qMic) were also significantly increased under NT. When compared with CT, NT resulted in gains of 0.8 Mg C ha\u22121 yr\u22121 (67% of which was in the 0\u201330 cm layer) and 70 kg N ha\u22121 yr\u22121 (73% in the 0\u201330 cm layer). In the 0\u20135-cm layer, MB-C was 82% higher with NT than with CT; in addition, the 0\u201330 cm layer accumulated 70% of the MB-C with NT, and 58% with CT. In comparison to CT, the NT system resulted in total inputs of microbial C and N estimated at 38 kg C ha\u22121 yr\u22121 and 1.5 kg N ha\u22121 yr\u22121, respectively. Apparently, N was the key nutrient limiting C and N stocks, and since adoption of NT resulted in a significant increase of N in soils which were deficient in N, efforts should be focused on increasing N inputs on NT systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Julio Cezar Franchini, Mariangela Hungria, Mariangela Hungria, Philip C. Brookes, Let\u00edcia Carlos Babujia, Let\u00edcia Carlos Babujia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-25", "title": "The Effect Of Young Biochar On Soil Respiration", "description": "The low temperature pyrolysis of organic material produces biochar, a charcoal like substance. Biochar is being promoted as a soil amendment to enhance soil quality, it is also seen as a mechanism of long-term sequestration of carbon. Our experiments tested the hypothesis that biochar is inert in soil. However, we measured an increase in CO2 production from soils after biochar amendment which increased with increasing rates of biochar. The \u220213C signature of the CO2 evolved in the first several days of the incubation was the same as the \u220213C signature of the biochar, confirming that biochar contributed to the CO2 flux. This effect diminished by day 6 of the incubation suggesting that most of the biochar C is slowly decomposing. Thus, aside from this short-term mineralization increasing soil C with young biochar may indeed be a long-term C storage mechanism.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-09", "title": "Long-Term Microbial Control Of Nutrient Availability And Plant Biomass In A Subarctic-Alpine Heath After Addition Of Carbon, Fertilizer And Fungicide", "description": "Abstract   A long-term field experiment lasting more than a decade was conducted on a subarctic fellfield to investigate effects of changes in nutrient availability on soil microbial C, N and P, soil nutrients, vascular plant biomass and plant-microbial interactions. Additions of NPK fertilizer, labile C (sugar) and fungicide (benomyl) were done in a fully factorial design, replicated in six blocks. The treatments were run for ten years and soil and vegetation samples were collected four years after initiating the experiment, and again after an additional 12 years, to evaluate the long-term effects. Labile C addition resulted in increased microbial biomass and nutrient immobilization after four years, and a long-term decrease in vascular plant biomass, thus suggesting the microorganisms to strongly control soil nutrient availability in periods of high microbial biomass. Fertilization increased the inorganic and total soil nutrient pools of N and P and the fine root biomass, but not the total aboveground vascular plant biomass. The vascular plant biomass increased due to benomyl addition thus indicating the plants to be strongly affected by the microbial community. Overall, the effects of benomyl resulted in more lasting changes in the soil compared to labile C and fertilizer addition. In relation to environmental changes, the indicated strong microbial control of the available nutrients in the fellfield ecosystem might limit ecosystem changes due to increased soil nutrient availability as otherwise expected in arctic soils.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "jord", "plants", "mikrobiologi", "microbiology", "nutrient cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "planter", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "Faculty of Science", "arctic", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "\u00f8kologi", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/TheFacultyOfScience", "arktis", "ecology", "n\u00e6ringsstofkredsl\u00f8b"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-01", "title": "Long-Term Nitrogen Additions Increased Surface Soil Carbon Concentration In A Forest Plantation Despite Elevated Decomposition", "description": "Abstract   Forests cover one-third of the Earth\u2019s land surface and account for 30\u201340% of soil carbon (C). Despite numerous studies, questions still remain about the factors controlling forest soil C turnover. Present understanding of global C cycle is limited by considerable uncertainty over the potential response of soil C dynamics to rapid nitrogen (N) enrichment of ecosystems, mainly from fuel combustion and fertilizer application. Here, we present a 15-year-long field study and show an average increase of 14.6% in soil C concentration in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm mineral soil layer in N fertilized (defined as N+ hereafter) sub-plots of a second-rotation  Pinus radiata  plantation in New Zealand compared to control sub-plots. The results of  14 C and lignin analyses of soil C indicate that N additions significantly accelerate decomposition of labile and recalcitrant soil C. Using an annual-time step model, we estimated the soil C turnover time. In the N+ sub-plots, soil C in the light (a density\u00a0 \u22123 ) and heavy fractions had the mean residence times of 23 and 67\u00a0yr, respectively, which are lower than those in the control sub-plots (36 and 133\u00a0yr in the light and heavy fractions, respectively). The commonly used lignin oxidation indices (vanillic acid to vanillin and syringic acid to syringaldehyde ratios) were significantly greater in the N+ sub-plots than in the control sub-plots, suggesting increased lignin decomposition due to fertilization. The estimation of C inputs to forest floor and \u03b4 13 C analysis of soil C fractions indicate that the observed buildup of surface soil C concentrations in the N+ sub-plots can be attributed to increased inputs of C mass from forest debris. We conclude that long-term N additions in productive forests may increase C storage in both living tree biomass and soils despite elevated decomposition of soil organic matter.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-30", "title": "The Effect Of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration On Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Dioxide And Methane From A Wheat Field In A Semi-Arid Environment In Northern China", "description": "Abstract   There are no reports on the effects of elevated carbon dioxide [CO2] on the fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 from semi-arid wheat cropping systems. These three soil gas fluxes were measured using closed chambers under ambient (420\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) and elevated (565\u00a0\u00b1\u00a037\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment experimental facility in northern China. Measurements were made over five weeks on a wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Zhongmai 175). Elevated [CO2] increased N2O and CO2 emission from soil by 60% and 15%, respectively, but had no significant effect on CH4 flux. There was no significant interaction between [CO2] and N application rate on these gas fluxes, probably because soil N was not limiting. At least 22% increase in C storage is required to offset the observed increase in greenhouse gas emissions under elevated [CO2].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-27", "title": "Post-Harvest Residue Management Effects On Recalcitrant Carbon Pools And Plant Biomarkers Within The Soil Heavy Fraction In Pinus Radiata Plantations", "description": "Abstract   Forest soils contain about 30% of terrestrial carbon (C) and so knowledge of the influence of forest management on stability of soil C pools is important for understanding the global C cycle. Here we present the changes of soil C pools in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer in two second-rotation Pinus radiata (D.Don) plantations which were subjected to three contrasting harvest residue management treatments in New Zealand. These treatments included whole-tree harvest plus forest floor removal (defined as forest floor removal hereafter), whole-tree, and stem-only harvest. Soil samples were collected 5, 10 and 15 years after tree planting at Kinleith Forest (on sandy loam soils) and 4, 12 and 20 years after tree planting at Woodhill Forest (on sandy soils). These soils were then physically divided into light (labile) and heavy (stable) pools based on density fractionation (1.70\u00a0g\u00a0cm\u22123). At Woodhill, soil C mass in the heavy fraction was significantly greater in the whole-tree and stem-only harvest plots than the forest floor removal plots in all sampling years. At Kinleith, the soil C mass in the heavy fraction was also greater in the stem-only harvest plots than the forest floor removal plots at year 15. The larger stable soil C pools with increased residue return was supported by analyses of the chemical composition and plant biomarkers in the soil organic matter (SOM) heavy fractions using NMR and GC/MS. At Woodhill, alkyl C, cutin-, suberin- and lignin-derived C contents in the SOM heavy fraction were significantly greater in the whole-tree and stem-only harvest plots than in the forest floor removal plots in all sampling years. At Kinleith, alkyl C (year 15), cutin-derived C (year 5 and 15) and lignin-derived C (Year 5 and 10) contents in the SOM heavy fraction were significantly greater in stem-only harvest plots than in plots where the forest floor was removed. The analyses of plant C biomarkers and soil \u03b413C in the light and heavy fractions of SOM indicate that the increased stable soil C in the heavy fraction with increased residue return might be derived from a greater input of recalcitrant C in the residue substrate.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.12.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-12", "title": "Three-Source-Partitioning Of Microbial Biomass And Of Co2 Efflux From Soil To Evaluate Mechanisms Of Priming Effects", "description": "Abstract   We propose and successfully applied a new approach for 3-source-partitioning based on a combination of  14 C labeling with  13 C natural abundance. By adding  14 C-labeled glucose to soil after C 3  \u2013 C 4  vegetation change, we partitioned three C sources in three compartments, namely CO 2 , microbial biomass and dissolved organic C (DOC). This enabled us to estimate mechanisms and sources of priming effects (PE).  Glucose application at low and high rate (GL: 100 and GH: 1000\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0C\u00a0g \u22121 , respectively) caused positive PE both short-term (during 1\u20133 days) and long-term (3\u201355 days). Despite a 10-fold difference in the amount of substrate added, the PE observed was larger by a factor of only 1.6 at the high versus low rate of glucose. The real and apparent priming effects were distinguished by partitioning of microbial C for glucose-C and SOM-derived C. As the amount of primed CO 2  respired during short-term PE was 40% lower than microbial C, and the contribution of soil C in microbial biomass did not increase, we concluded that such short-term PE was apparent and was mainly caused by accelerated microbial turnover (at GL) and by pool substitution (at GH). Both the amount of primed CO 2 \u2013C, which was 1.3\u20132.1 times larger than microbial C, and the increased contribution of soil C in microbial biomass allowed us to consider the long-term PE as being real. The sole source of real PE (GL treatment) was the \u201crecent\u201d soil organic matter, which is younger than 12-year-old C. The real PE-induced by a glucose amount exceeding microbial biomass (GH) was due to the almost equal contribution of \u2018recent\u2019 ( 12 years) C. Thus, the decomposition of old recalcitrant SOM was induced only by an amount of primer exceeding microbial C. We conclude that combining  14 C labeling with  13 C natural abundance helped disentangle three C sources in CO 2 , microbial biomass and DOC and evaluate mechanisms and sources of PE.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.12.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.12.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.12.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.12.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-19", "title": "Positive And Negative Carbon Mineralization Priming Effects Among A Variety Of Biochar-Amended Soils", "description": "Abstract   Pyrogenic carbon (biochar) amendment is increasingly discussed as a method to increase soil fertility while sequestering atmospheric carbon (C). However, both increased and decreased C mineralization has been observed following biochar additions to soils. In an effort to better understand the interaction of pyrogenic C and soil organic matter (OM), a range of Florida soils were incubated with a range of laboratory-produced biochars and CO 2  evolution was measured over more than one year. More C was released from biochar-amended than from non-amended soils and cumulative mineralized C generally increased with decreasing biomass combustion temperature and from hardwood to grass biochars, similar to the pattern of biochar lability previously determined from separate incubations of biochar alone.  The interactive effects of biochar addition to soil on CO 2  evolution (priming) were evaluated by comparing the additive CO 2  release expected from separate incubations of soil and biochar with that actually measured from corresponding biochar and soil mixtures. Priming direction (positive or negative for C mineralization stimulation or suppression, respectively) and magnitude varied with soil and biochar type, ranging from \u221252 to 89% at the end of 1 year. In general, C mineralization was greater than expected (positive priming) for soils combined with biochars produced at low temperatures (250 and 400\u00a0\u00b0C) and from grasses, particularly during the early incubation stage (first 90\u00a0d) and in soils of lower organic C content. It contrast, C mineralization was generally less than expected (negative priming) for soils combined with biochars produced at high temperatures (525 and 650\u00a0\u00b0C) and from hard woods, particularly during the later incubation stage (250\u2013500\u00a0d). Measurements of the stable isotopic signature of respired CO 2  indicated that, for grass biochars at least, it was predominantly pyrogenic C mineralization that was stimulated during early incubation and soil C mineralization that was suppressed during later incubation stages. It is hypothesized that the presence of soil OM stimulated the co-mineralization of the more labile components of biochar over the short term. The data strongly suggests, however, that over the long term, biochar\u2013soil interaction will enhance soil C storage via the processes of OM sorption to biochar and physical protection.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biochar", "Pyrogenic carbon", "Priming", "Soil carbon mineralization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Organic carbon", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-07", "title": "The Priming Potential Of Biochar Products In Relation To Labile Carbon Contents And Soil Organic Matter Status", "description": "Abstract   Recognition of biochar as a potential tool for long-term carbon sequestration with additional agronomic benefits is growing. However, the functionality of biochar in soil and the response of soils to biochar inputs are poorly understood. It has been suggested, for example, that biochar additions to soils could prime for the loss of native organic carbon, undermining its sequestration potential. This work examines the priming potential of biochar in the context of its own labile fraction and procedures for their assessment. A systematic set of biochar samples produced from C4 plant biomass under a range of pyrolysis process conditions were incubated in a C3 soil at three discrete levels of organic matter status (a\u00a0result of contrasting long-term land management on a single site). The biochar samples were characterised for labile carbon content ex-situ and then added to each soil. Priming potential was determined by a comparison of CO2 flux rates and its isotopic analysis for attribution of source. The results conclusively showed that while carbon mineralisation was often higher in biochar amended soil, this was\u00a0due to rapid utilisation of a small labile component of biochar and that biochar did not prime for the loss of native organic soil organic matter. Furthermore, in some cases negative priming occurred, with\u00a0lower carbon mineralisation in biochar amended soil, probably as a result of the stabilisation of labile soil carbon.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-15", "title": "Experimental Warming Effects On The Microbial Community Of A Temperate Mountain Forest Soil", "description": "Soil microbial communities mediate the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). The amount of carbon (C) that is respired leaves the soil as CO(2) (soil respiration) and causes one of the greatest fluxes in the global carbon cycle. How soil microbial communities will respond to global warming, however, is not well understood. To elucidate the effect of warming on the microbial community we analyzed soil from the soil warming experiment Achenkirch, Austria. Soil of a mature spruce forest was warmed by 4\u00a0\u00b0C during snow-free seasons since 2004. Repeated soil sampling from control and warmed plots took place from 2008 until 2010. We monitored microbial biomass C and nitrogen (N). Microbial community composition was assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) and by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of ribosomal RNA genes. Microbial metabolic activity was estimated by soil respiration to biomass ratios and RNA to DNA ratios. Soil warming did not affect microbial biomass, nor did warming affect the abundances of most microbial groups. Warming significantly enhanced microbial metabolic activity in terms of soil respiration per amount of microbial biomass C. Microbial stress biomarkers were elevated in warmed plots. In summary, the 4\u00a0\u00b0C increase in soil temperature during the snow-free season had no influence on microbial community composition and biomass but strongly increased microbial metabolic activity and hence reduced carbon use efficiency.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Microbial biomass", "PLFA", "Soil warming", "rRNA genes", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Microbial community structure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-08", "title": "Cattle Grazing Drives Nitrogen And Carbon Cycling In A Temperate Salt Marsh", "description": "Abstract   We examined the impact of long-term cattle grazing on soil processes and microbial activity in a temperate salt marsh. Soil conditions, microbial biomass and respiration, mineralization and denitrification rates were measured in upper salt marsh that had been ungrazed or cattle grazed for several decades. Increased microbial biomass and soil respiration were observed in grazed marsh, most likely stimulated by enhanced rates of root turnover and root exudation. We found a significant positive effect of grazing on potential N mineralization rates measured in the laboratory, but this difference did not translate to  in situ  net mineralization measured monthly from May to September. Rates of denitrification were lowest in the grazed marsh and appeared to be limited by nitrate availability, possibly due to more anoxic conditions and lower rates of nitrification. The major effect of grazing on N cycling therefore appeared to be in limiting losses of N through denitrification, which may lead to enhanced nutrient availability to saltmarsh plants, but a reduced ability of the marsh to act as a buffer for land-derived nutrients to adjacent coastal areas. Additionally, we investigated if grazing influences the rates of turnover of labile and refractory C in saltmarsh soils by adding  14 C-labelled leaf litter or root exudates to soil samples and monitoring the evolution of  14 CO 2 . Grazing had little effect on the rates of mineralization of  14 C used as a respiratory substrate, but a larger proportion of  14 C was partitioned into microbial biomass and immobilized in long- and medium-term storage pools in the grazed treatment. Grazing slowed down the turnover of the microbial biomass, which resulted in longer turnover times for both leaf litter and root exudates. Grazing may therefore affect the longevity of C in the soil and alter C storage and utilization pathways in the microbial community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "herbivory", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "salinity", "saltmarsh vegetation", "soil compaction", "13. Climate action", "nitrogen cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen mineralization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-01", "title": "Plant Production, And Carbon And Nitrogen Source Pools, Are Strongly Intensified By Experimental Warming In Alpine Ecosystems In The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", "description": "The aim of this study was to assess initial effects of warming on the nutrient pools of carbon and nitrogen of two most widespread ecosystem types, swamp meadow and alpine meadow, in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The temperature of the air and upper-soil layer was passively increased using open-top chambers (OTCs) with two different temperature elevations. We analyzed air and soil temperature, soil moisture. biomass, microbial biomass, and nutrient dynamics after 2 years of warming. The use of OTCs clearly raised temperature and decreased soil moisture. The aboveground plant and root biomass increased in all OTCs in two meadows. A small temperature increase in OTCs resulted in swamp meadow acting as a net carbon sink and alpine meadow as a net source, and further warming intensified this processes, at least in a short term. On balance, the alpine ecosystems in the Fenghuoshan region acted as a carbon source. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-17", "title": "Response Of Soil Constituents To Freeze-Thaw Cycles In Wetland Soil Solution", "description": "Freezing and thawing of soils is a common phenomenon in the winter-cold zone, which can subsequently affect carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in soils and the leaching of nutrients through influencing biochemical and physicochemical processes. The soil solution nutrient pool in the freeze\u2013thaw period may control the quantity of nutrients available to plants in the following spring (Buckeridge and Grogan 2008).", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-06", "title": "Localisation Of Nitrate In The Rhizosphere Of Biochar-Amended Soils", "description": "Abstract   A wheat seedling rhizobox approach was used to differentiate between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere (bulk) soil amended with low and high rates of biochar (20 and 60\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  vs. control). Nitrate (NO 3  \u2212 ) was added as the main nitrogen (N) source because emerging biochar research points to reduced NO 3  \u2212  loss through leaching and gaseous loss as nitrous oxide. The rhizosphere under the different treatments were distinct ( P \u00a0=\u00a00.021), with greater soil-NO 3  \u2212  and biochar-NO 3  \u2212  contents in the high biochar treatment. Biochar addition increased wheat root length ratio ( P \u00a0=\u00a00.053) and lowered root N uptake ( P \u00a0=\u00a00.017), yet plant biomass and N content were similar between treatments. The results indicate localisation of NO 3  \u2212  within the rhizosphere of biochar-amended soils which has implications for NO 3  \u2212  loss and improved nitrogen use efficiency.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-14", "title": "Soil Carbon Pools, Plant Biomarkers And Mean Carbon Residence Time After Afforestation Of Grassland With Three Tree Species", "description": "Abstract   Afforestation of grassland has been globally identified as being an important means for creating a sink for atmospheric carbon (C). However, the impact of afforestation on soil C is still poorly understood, due to the paucity of well designed long-term experiments and the lack of investigation into the response of different soil C fractions to afforestation. In addition, little is known about the origins of soil C and soil organic matter (SOM) stability after afforestation. In a retrospective study, we measured C mass in the soil light and heavy fractions in the first 10 years after afforestation of grassland with Eucalyptus nitens, Pinus radiata and Cupressus macrocarpa. The results suggest that C mass in the soil heavy fraction remained stable, but the C mass in the light fraction decreased at year 5 under three species. Soil \u03b413C analysis showed that the decrease in the light fraction may be due to reduced C inputs from grassland species litter and low inputs from the still young trees. After the initial reduction, the recovery of soil C in the light fraction depended on tree species. At year 10, an increase of 33% in light fraction soil C was observed at the 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth under E.\u00a0nitens, compared to that under the original grassland (year 0). Planting P.\u00a0radiata restored light fraction soil C to the original level under grassland, whereas planting C.\u00a0macrocarpa led to a decrease of 33%. We concluded that the increase of light fraction soil C between year 5 and 10 is most likely due to C input from tree residues. Most of the increased C was derived from root turnover under pine and from both root and leaf turnover under E.\u00a0nitens, as indicated by plant C biomarkers such as lignin-derived phenols and suberin and cutin-derived compounds in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer. Modelling of soil \u220614C\u2030 suggested that SOM had a greater mean residence time at year 10 than year 0 and 5 due to increased relative abundance of recalcitrant plant biopolymers.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-18", "title": "Tillage Effects On N2o Emissions As Influenced By A Winter Cover Crop", "description": "Abstract   Conservation tillage practices are widely used to protect against soil erosion and soil C losses, whereas winter cover crops are used mainly to protect against N losses during autumn and winter. For the greenhouse gas balance of a cropping system the effect of reduced tillage and cover crops on N 2 O emissions may be more important than the effect on soil C. This study monitored emissions of N 2 O between September 2008 and May 2009 in three tillage treatments, i.e., conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and direct drilling (DD), all with (+CC) or without (\u2212CC) fodder radish as a winter cover crop. Cover crop growth, soil mineral N dynamics, and other soil characteristics were recorded. Furthermore, soil concentrations of N 2 O were determined eight times during the monitoring period using permanently installed needles. There was little evidence for effects of the cover crop on soil mineral N. Following spring tillage and slurry application soil mineral N was dominated by the input from slurry. Nitrous oxide emissions during autumn, winter and early spring remained low, although higher emissions from\u00a0+CC treatments were indicated after freezing events. Following spring tillage and slurry application by direct injection N 2 O emissions were stimulated in all tillage treatments, reaching 250\u2013400\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121  except in the CT\u00a0+\u00a0CC treatment, where emissions peaked at 900\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 . Accumulated emissions ranged from 1.6 to 3.9\u00a0kg\u00a0N 2 O\u00a0ha \u22121 . A strong positive interaction between cover crop and tillage was observed. Soil concentration profiles of N 2 O showed a significant accumulation of N 2 O in CT relative to RT and DD treatments after spring tillage and slurry application, and a positive interaction between slurry and cover crop residues. A comparison in early May of N 2 O emissions with flux estimates based on soil concentration profiles indicated that much of the N 2 O emitted was produced near the soil surface.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-21", "title": "Microbial Community Abundance And Structure Are Determinants Of Soil Organic Matter Mineralisation In The Presence Of Labile Carbon", "description": "Abstract   Altered rates of native soil organic matter (SOM) mineralisation in the presence of labile C substrate (\u2018priming\u2019), is increasingly recognised as central to the coupling of plant and soil-biological productivity and potentially as a key process mediating the C-balance of soils. However, the mechanisms and controls of SOM-priming are not well understood. In this study we manipulated microbial biomass size and composition (chloroform fumigation) and mineral nutrient availability to investigate controls of SOM-priming. Effects of applied substrate ( 13 C-glucose) on mineralisation of native SOM were quantified by isotopic partitioning of soil respiration. In addition, the respective contributions of SOM-C and substrate-derived C to microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were quantified to account for pool-substitution effects (\u2018apparent priming\u2019). Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of the soils were determined to establish treatment effects on microbial community structure, while the  13 C-enrichment of PLFA biomarkers was used to establish pathways of substrate-derived C-flux through the microbial communities. The results indicated that glucose additions increased SOM-mineralisation in all treatments (positive priming). The magnitude of priming was reduced in fumigated soils, concurrent with reduced substrate-derived C-flux through putative SOM-mineralising organisms (fungi and actinomycetes). Nutrient additions reduced the magnitude of positive priming in non-fumigated soils, but did not affect the distribution of substrate-derived C in microbial communities. The results support the view that microbial community composition is a determinant of SOM-mineralisation, with evidence that utilisation of labile substrate by fungal and actinomycete (but not Gram-negative) populations promotes positive SOM-priming.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-18", "title": "Non-Linear Response Of Microbial Activity Across A Gradient Of Nitrogen Addition To A Soil From The Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China", "description": "Abstract   Identifying the patterns of soil microbial responses to increasing nitrogen (N) availability are important since microbial processes are related to the potential nutrient transformations. The effects of the addition of N to the soil microbial community of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, are described in this paper. The study was conducted over a two-year period with trials commencing at the beginning of each growing season. Soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass and microbial community level physiological profile (CLPP) were determined at 0\u20135\u00a0cm and 5\u201310\u00a0cm soil depths. Nitrogen was added to the soil at five rates plus a control, i.e. 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6 and 24\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121. We hypothesized that soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass N (MBN) would firstly increase and then decrease, and CLPP would be altered with increasing N addition, due to the deleterious effects of higher N addition upon microbial activity. Because of the relatively higher organic matter in the upper depth of soil layers, we further hypothesized that the responses of microbial activities in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth would be more marked than at 5\u201310\u00a0cm. In partial support of our hypothesis, soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and nutrient concentrations responded to N addition with the most significant changes occurring in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil depth. Addition of N resulted in an increase in MBN and a decrease in urease activity. Invertase and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) activities increased at low doses of N addition and showed a decrease at higher doses. There was no evidence of change in oxidative enzyme activity at low N treatments but activity decreased at high N additions. However, the CLPP was not affected by N addition. The results of this study suggest that N supplementation in this desert soil may affect C transformation, increase availability of N and P, and immobilize N in the microbial biomass. Responses of the enzyme activity to N supplementation occurred within the context of an apparently stable or unresponsive microbial community structure.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-02", "title": "Organic Nitrogen Mineralisation In Two Contrasting Agro-Ecosystems Is Unchanged By Biochar Addition", "description": "Abstract   Biochar additions to soil have been reported to enhance soil fertility whilst simultaneously storing carbon (C). We tested whether either fresh or field-conditioned (aged) biochar amendment to two contrasting agricultural soils would alter the mineralisation of organic N compounds. The mineralisation of 14C-labelled amino acids and peptides were determined over 20 days within each soil. An exponential kinetic decay model was subsequently fitted to the mineralisation data. Overall, statistical analysis revealed significant but small differences between the two biochar treatments and the unamended control treatment. We conclude that biochar has very limited impact on the mineralisation rate of low molecular weight dissolved organic N compounds in these agro-ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-24", "title": "Seasonally Dependent Impacts Of Grazing On Soil Nitrogen Mineralization And Linkages To Ecosystem Functioning In Inner Mongolia Grassland", "description": "Abstract   Previous studies have suggested grazing may alter nitrogen (N) cycling of grasslands by accelerating or decelerating soil net N mineralization. The important mechanisms controlling these fluxes remain controversial, and more importantly, the consequences on carbon storage and site productivity remain uncertain. Here we present results on the seasonal patterns of soil inorganic N pools and net N mineralization and their linkages to ecosystem functioning from a grazing experiment in the Inner Mongolia grassland, which has been maintained for five years with 7 levels of grazing intensity (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0\u00a0sheep\u00a0ha\u22121). Net N mineralization and nitrification rates were determined using an in situ soil core incubation method. Our findings demonstrated that, in the non-growing season, the net N mineralization rate was reduced by 181% in the lightly and moderately grazed plots (1.5\u20134.5\u00a0sheep\u00a0ha\u22121) and by 147% in the heavily grazed plots (6.0\u20139.0\u00a0sheep\u00a0ha\u22121), and the net N immobilization was observed in all grazed treatments. In the early growing season, however, it was increased by 107% in the lightly and moderately grazed plots and by 128% in the heavily grazed plots. In the peak growing season, grazing diminished the net mineralization rate by 71% in the lightly and moderately grazed plots and 108% in the heavily grazed plots. The seasonally dependent effects of grazing on soil inorganic N pools and net N mineralization were strongly mediated by grazing-induced changes in soil temperature and moisture, with soil moisture being predominant in the peak growing season. Grazing alterations of soil inorganic N and net N mineralization were closely linked to the changes in aboveground primary productivity, biomass N allocation, N use efficiency, and soil total nitrogen. Based upon the five year study, we conclude that grazing at moderate to high intensities is unsustainable in terms of productivity and soil N cycling and storage in these systems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-22", "title": "Rapid Soil Organic Matter Loss From Forest Dieback In A Subalpine Coniferous Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract   Forest dieback caused by climate-change associated stresses and insect outbreaks has emerged as a global concern, and the biogeochemical consequences of this phenomenon need to be elucidated. We measured biological and chemical traits of soil beneath live trees or trees recently killed by a mountain-pine-beetle outbreak in a subalpine coniferous forest in the Front Range of Colorado. We focused on the top 5\u00a0cm of mineral soil just beneath the O horizon and measured microbial biomass, soil invertebrate abundance and composition, and soil chemical characteristics. With the termination of inputs from rhizodeposition, mycorrhizal fungal turnover and fine root turnover, soil total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in the mineral soil at three sites decreased by 38\u201349% and 26\u201345%, respectively. Tree mortality was associated with reduced soil microbial biomass but soil nematode and microarthropod densities were unchanged. Nematode trophic structure was altered with an increased proportion of bacterial feeders. Soil inorganic N concentrations were inversely correlated to microbial C:N ratios. Tree death was associated with increased soil pH, a possible loss of calcium (Ca 2+ ), but an accumulation of soil inorganic N, largely as NH 4  + . Our results suggest that forest dieback results in rapid C and N loss from surface mineral soils and that the accumulation of soil inorganic N, the reduction in microbial biomass, and the more bacterial-based soil food web increase the potential of enhanced N loss from affected ecosystems.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-20", "title": "Short-Term Biochar-Induced Increase In Soil Co2 Release Is Both Biotically And Abiotically Mediated", "description": "The application of biochar to soil has been shown to cause an apparent increase in soil respiration. In this study we investigated the mechanistic basis of this response. We hypothesized that increased CO2 efflux could occur by: (1) Biochar-induced changes in soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, moisture content); (2) The biological breakdown of organic carbon (C) released from the biochar; (3) The abiotic release of inorganic C contained in the biochar; (4) A biochar-induced stimulation of decomposition of native soil organic matter (SOM) which could occur both biotically or abiotically; (5) The intrinsic biological activity of the biochar results in the liberation of CO2. Our results show that most of the extra CO2 produced after biochar addition to soil came from the equal breakdown of organic C and the release of inorganic C contained in the biochar. Using long-term 14C-labelled SOM, we show that biochar repressed native SOM breakdown, counteracting the release of CO2 from the biochar. A range of mechanisms to describe this negative priming response is presented. Although biochar-induced significant changes in the physical characteristics of the soil, overall this made no contribution to changes in soil respiration. Similarly, the evidence from our study suggests that changes in soluble polyphenols do not help explain the respiration response. In summary, biochar induced a net release of CO2 from the soil; however, this C loss was very small relative to the amount of C stored within the biochar itself (ca. 0.1%). This short-term C release should therefore not compromise its ability to contribute to long-term C sequestration in soil environments.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-18", "title": "The Influence Of Winter Soil Cover On Spring Nitrous Oxide Emissions From An Agricultural Soil", "description": "Abstract   In temperate regions, a majority of N2O is emitted during spring soil thawing. We examined the influence of two winter field covers, snow and winter rye, on soil temperature and subsequent spring N2O emissions from a New York corn field over two years. The first season (2006\u201307) was a cold winter (2309\u00a0h below 0\u00a0\u00b0C at 8\u00a0cm soil depth), historically typical for the region. The snow removal treatment resulted in colder soils and higher N2O fluxes (73.3 vs. 57.9\u00a0ng N2O\u2013N cm\u22122 h\u22121). The rye cover had no effect on N2O emissions. The second season (2007\u201308) was a much milder winter (1271\u00a0h below freezing at 8\u00a0cm soil depth), with lower N2O fluxes overall. The winter rye cover resulted in lower N2O fluxes (5.9 vs. 33.7\u00a0ng\u00a0N2O\u2013N cm\u22122 h\u22121), but snow removal had no effect. Climate scenarios predict warmer temperature and less snow cover in the region. Under these conditions, spring N2O emissions can be expected to decrease and could be further reduced by winter rye crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David W. Wolfe, Ranae Dietzel, Janice E. Thies,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:23:11Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Climate mitigation potential and soil microbial response of cyanobacteria-fertilized bioenergy crops in a cool semi-arid cropland", "description": "unspecifiedBioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) systems can serve as  decarbonization pathways for climate mitigation. Perennial grasses are a  promising second-generation lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock, but  optimizing their sustainability, productivity, and climate mitigation  potential requires an evaluation of how nitrogen (N) fertilizer strategies  interact with greenhouse gas (GHG) and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics.  Further, crop and fertilizer choice can affect the soil microbiome which  is critical to soil organic matter turnover, nutrient cycling, and  sustaining crop productivity\u00a0but these feedbacks are poorly  understood due to the paucity of data from agroecosystems. Here, we  examine the climate mitigation potential and soil microbiome response to  establishing two functionally different perennial grasses, switchgrass  (Panicum virgatum, C4), and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum, C3), in  a cool semi-arid agroecosystem under two fertilizer applications, a novel  cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBF) and urea. Finally, we examine shifts in  soil microbial composition resulting from crop establishment and  fertilizer regime. We find that in contrast to the C4 crop, the C3 crop  achieved 98% greater productivity and had a higher N use efficiency when  fertilized and the CBF produced the same biomass enhancement as urea.  Non-CO2 greenhouse gas fluxes across all treatments were low and we  observed a three-year net loss of SOC under the C4 crop and a net increase  under the C3 crop at a 0-30 cm soil depth regardless of fertilization.  Further, we detected crop-specific changes in the soil microbiome,  including an increased relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi  under the C3, and potentially pathogenic fungi in the C4 grass. Taken  together, these findings highlight the potential of CBF-fertilized C3  crops as a second-generation bioenergy feedstock in semiarid regions as a  part of a climate mitigation strategy.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "root chemistry", "13. Climate action", "soil nitrogen", "plant tissue chemistry", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Greenhouse Gas Flux", "15. Life on land", "aboveground biomass", "7. Clean energy", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gay, Justin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-15", "title": "Phosphate Additions Have No Effect On Microbial Biomass And Activity In A Northern Hardwood Forest", "description": "Abstract   High rates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition have raised questions about shifting patterns of nutrient limitation in northern hardwood forests. Of particular interest is the idea that increased supply of N may induce phosphorus (P) limitation of plant and microbial processes, especially in acid soils where P sorption by Al is high. In this study, we established field plots and plant-free laboratory mesocosms with P and Ca additions to test the hypotheses that 1) microbial biomass and activity are limited by P in the northern hardwood forest soils at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in NH USA; 2) elevated Ca increases inherent P availability and therefore reduces any effects of added P and 3) P effects are more marked in the more carbon (C) rich Oie compared to the Oa horizon. Treatments included P addition (50\u00a0kg P ha\u22121), Ca addition (850\u00a0kg Ca ha\u22121) and Ca\u00a0+\u00a0P addition (850\u00a0kg Ca ha\u22121 and 50\u00a0kg P ha\u22121). The P treatments increased resin-available P levels and reduced phosphatase activity, but had no effect on microbial biomass C, microbial respiration, C metabolizing enzymes, potential net N mineralization and nitrification in the Oie or Oa horizon of either field plots or plant free mesocosms, in either the presence or absence of Ca. Total, prokaryote, and eukaryote PLFA were reduced by P addition, possibly due to reductions in mycorrhizal fungal biomass. These results suggest that increased N deposition and acidification have not created P limitation of microbial biomass and activity in these soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-23", "title": "Land-Use History Has A Stronger Impact On Soil Microbial Community Composition Than Aboveground Vegetation And Soil Properties", "description": "The response of soil microbial communities following changes in land-use is governed by multiple factors. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) whether soil microbial communities track the changes in aboveground vegetation during succession; and (ii) whether microbial communities return to their native state over time. Two successional gradients with different vegetation were studied at the W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan. The first gradient comprised a conventionally tilled cropland (CT), mid-succession forest (SF) abandoned from cultivation prior to 1951, and native deciduous forest (DF). The second gradient comprised the CT cropland, early-succession grassland (ES) restored in 1989, and long-term mowed grassland (MG). With succession, the total microbial PLFAs and soil microbial biomass C consistently increased in both gradients. While bacterial rRNA gene diversity remained unchanged, the abundance and composition of many bacterial phyla changed significantly. Moreover, microbial communities in the relatively pristine DF and MG soils were very similar despite major differences in soil properties and vegetation. After >50 years of succession, and despite different vegetation, microbial communities in SF were more similar to those in mature DF than in CT. In contrast, even after 17 years of succession, microbial communities in ES were more similar to CT than endpoint MG despite very different vegetation between CT and ES. This result suggested a lasting impact of cultivation history on the soil microbial community. With conversion of deciduous to conifer forest (CF), there was a significant change in multiple soil properties that correlated with changes in microbial biomass, rRNA gene diversity and community composition. In conclusion, history of land-use was a stronger determinant of the composition of microbial communities than vegetation and soil properties. Further, microbial communities in disturbed soils apparently return to their native state with time.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-25", "title": "Short Term Soil Priming Effects And The Mineralisation Of Biochar Following Its Incorporation To Soils Of Different Ph", "description": "Abstract   The aim of this work was to determine the magnitude of the priming effect,  i.e.  short-term changes in the rate (negative or positive) of mineralisation of native soil organic carbon (C), following addition of biochars. The biochars were made from  Miscanthus giganteus , a C4 plant, naturally enriched with  13 C. The biochars were produced at 350\u00a0\u00b0C (biochar350) and 700\u00a0\u00b0C (biochar700) and applied with and without ryegrass as a substrate to a clay-loam soil at pH 3.7 and 7.6. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of ryegrass addition on the mineralisation of the two biochars.  After 87 days, biochar350 addition caused priming effects equivalent to 250 and 319\u00a0\u03bcg CO 2 \u2013C\u00a0g \u22121  soil, in the low and high pH soil, respectively. The largest priming effects occurred at the start of the incubations. The size of the priming effect was decreased at higher biochar pyrolysis temperatures, which may be a way of controlling priming effects following biochar incorporation to soil, if desired. The priming effect was probably induced by the water soluble components of the biochar. At 87 days of incubation, 0.14% and 0.18% of biochar700 and 0.61% and 0.84% of biochar350 were mineralized in the low and high pH soil, respectively. Ryegrass addition gave an increased biochar350 mineralisation of 33% and 40%, and increased biochar700 at 137% and 70%, in the low and high pH soils, respectively. Certainly, on the basis of our results, if biochar is used to sequester carbon a priming effect may occur, increasing CO 2 \u2013C evolved from soil and decreasing soil organic C. However, this will be more than compensated for by the increased soil C caused by biochar incorporation. A similar conclusion holds for accelerated mineralisation of biochar due to incorporation of fresh labile substrates. We consider that our results are the first to unequivocally demonstrate the initiation, progress and termination of a true positive priming effect by biochar on native soil organic C.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar; priming; microbial biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.uniud.it/bitstream/11390/871937/1/Luo%20et%20al%202011.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-22", "title": "Roles Of Biotic And Abiotic Variables In Determining Spatial Variation Of Soil Respiration In Secondary Oak And Planted Pine Forests", "description": "Abstract   Monoculture pine plantation (PP) was widely established after clear-cutting of natural forests last century in China. However, its effects on soil CO2 efflux (RS) temporally and spatially are still poorly understood. Biotic and abiotic factors that control spatio-temporal variation of RS were assessed in a naturally regenerated oak forest (OF) and a nearby PP in a warm temperate area of China. We hypothesized that spatial variation of RS in PP is lower than that in OF and is less influenced by biotic factors due to its homogeneous stand structure compared to the regenerated OF. RS measurement campaigns were conducted in two 40\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a060\u00a0m plots in OF and PP from Oct. 2008 to Oct. 2009. Soil temperature at 5\u00a0cm depth (T5) exerted considerable influence on the temporal variation in RS. However, the spatial variation of RS was not affected by T5 in either PP or OF. The observed spatial pattern of RS remained comparatively consistent throughout the measurement campaigns for both forests. Soil chemical and physical parameters such as soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), total nitrogen (TN), bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), water-filled pore space (WFPS), and water-holding capacity (WHC) had significant impact on the spatial variation of RS for both OF and PP. We found that biotic factors such as fine root biomass (FR) and stand structure parameters including basal area (BA), maximum diameter at breast height (max. DBH), and mean DBH within 4\u20135\u00a0m of the measurement points had significant influence on the spatial variation of RS in OF, while no similar significant correlation was found in PP. A stepwise multi-linear regression showed that water-holding capacity (WHC), max. DBH within 4\u00a0m of the measurement points (max. DBH4), and total porosity (TP) contributed 68.7% to the spatial variation of RS in OF, while light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and bulk density (BD) accounted for 46.9% of the spatial variation of RS in PP. These differentiated the importance of biotic and abiotic factors in controlling the spatial variation of RS between the naturally regenerated OF and the artificially regenerated monoculture PP. Therefore, compared to OF, relatively lower coefficients of spatial variation for RS were observed in PP across the year, which was partly attributed to its simple stand structure of PP. Our findings are valuable for accurately estimating regional carbon fluxes by considering the spatio-temporal variation of RS in artificially and naturally regenerated forests.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-30", "title": "Effects Of Phosphorus Addition On Soil Microbial Biomass And Community Composition In Three Forest Types In Tropical China", "description": "Abstract   Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition in humid tropical regions may aggravate phosphorus (P) deficiency in forest on old weathered soil found in these regions. From January 2007 to August 2009, we studied the responses of soil microbial biomass and community composition to P addition (in two monthly portions at level of 15\u00a0g P m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121) in three tropical forests in southern China. The forests were an old-growth forest and two disturbed forests (mixed species and pine dominated). The objective was to test the hypothesis that P addition would increase microbial biomass and change the composition of the microbial community, and that the old-growth forests would be more sensitive to P addition due to its higher soil N availability. Microbial biomass C (MBC) was estimated twice a year and the microbial community structure was quantified by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis at the end of the experiment. Addition of P significantly increased the microbial biomass and altered the microbial community composition in the old-growth forest, suggesting that P availability is one of the limiting factors for microbial growth. This was also reflected by significant increases in soil respiration after P addition. In contrast, P addition had no effect on the microbial biomass and the microbial community composition in the pine forests. Also in the mixed forest, the microbial biomass did not significantly respond to P addition, but soil respiration and the ratio of fungal-to-bacteria was significantly increased.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-06", "title": "Plant Regulation Of Microbial Enzyme Production In Situ", "description": "Abstract<p>Soil extracellular enzymes regulate the rate at which complex organic forms of nitrogen (N) become bio-available. Much research has focused on the limitations to heterotrophic enzyme production via lab incubations, but little has been done to understand the limitations to enzyme production in situ. We created root and symbiotic mycelia exclusion treatments using mesh in-growth bags in the field to isolate the effect of roots and other portions of the microbial community on enzyme production. When fertilized with complex protein N we found increases in N-degrading enzyme concentrations only when root in-growth was allowed. No response was observed when complex N was added to root-free treatments. Expanding on economic rules of microbial element limitation theory developed from lab incubation data, we suggest this is due to active transport of labile carbon (C) from roots to associated microbial communities in root bags. Roots alleviate C-limitation of microbial enzyme synthesis, representing a trade off between plants and microbes- plant C for microbial derived N.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Precedings", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-20", "title": "Effects Of Ammonium And Nitrate Additions On Carbon Mineralization In Wetland Soils", "description": "Abstract   Wetlands have been recognized as a soil carbon (C) sink due to low decomposition. As decomposition is largely controlled by the availability of soil nitrogen (N), an elevated anthropogenic N input could influence the C balance in wetlands. However, the effects of the form of N on decomposition are poorly understood. Here, a 54-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted, with a diel cycle (day: 22\u00a0\u00b0C for 13\u00a0h; night: 17\u00a0\u00b0C for 11\u00a0h) in order to determine how the dominant N form influences the mineralization of soil C in two adjacent wetland soils, with distinct physicochemical characteristics. Three combinations of N compounds were added at three different rates (0, 30, 60\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ): Ammonium dominant (NH 4 Cl\u00a0+\u00a0NH 4 NO 3 ); nitrate dominant (NH 4 NO 3 \u00a0+\u00a0NaNO 3 ); and ammonium nitrate treatments (NH 4 NO 3 ). In the acidic soil, the CO 2  efflux was reduced with N additions, especially with NH 4 NO 3  treatment. In addition, decreases in the microbial enzyme activities ( \u03b2 -glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, phosphatase, and phenol oxidase) and soil pH were observed with NH 4 NO 3  and       NH   4  +     -dominant treatment. Under alkaline conditions, marginal changes in response to N additions were observed in the soil CO 2  efflux, extractable DOC, simple substrate utilization, enzyme activities and pH. A\u00a0regression analysis revealed that the changes in pH and enzyme activities after fertilization significantly influenced the soil CO 2  efflux. Our findings suggest that the form of N additions could influence the rate of C cycling in wetland soils via biological (enzyme activities) and chemical (pH) changes.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-18", "title": "Biochar-Mediated Changes In Soil Quality And Plant Growth In A Three Year Field Trial", "description": "While many laboratory studies have focused on the short term effects of biochar addition to soil), there have been comparatively few tracing its longer term effects in the field. This study investigated the multiyear impact of biochar on crop performance and soil quality with specific emphasis on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling over a 3 y period. Biochar was added to an agricultural field at 0, 25 and 50 t ha(-1) and planted with maize (year 1) and grass (years 2 and 3). Biochar addition affected plant performance in the grass crop with significant increases in foliar N (year 2) and above-ground biomass (year 3). Below-ground, biochar increased soil respiration, fungal and bacterial growth rate and turnover in year 2. This change coincided with a shift toward a bacterial dominated decomposer community, suggesting a decrease in the potential for microbially mediated C sequestration. Biochar did not affect dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON), NO3- or NH4+ pool sizes. Similarly, biochar addition had limited effects on the turnover of C-14-labelled SOC (plant litter), DOC (sugars and organic acids) and DON (amino acids) and no long term effect on N mineralization, NH3 volatilization, denitrification and NH4+ sorption. After 3 years in the field, the alkalinity associated with the biochar had been fully neutralized and biochar lost most of its cations (K, Na, Ca) but had built up an associated microbial community. We conclude that biochar addition to soil causes small and potentially transient changes in a temperate agroecosystem functioning. Importantly, many of the short-term effects of biochar on plant growth and soil behavior reported from laboratory studies were not observed in the field emphasizing the need for long term field trials to help inform agronomic management decisions involving biochar. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (Less)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-09", "title": "Decomposer Community Complexity Affects Plant Competition In A Model Early Successional Grassland Community", "description": "Abstract   The effects of a simple decomposer community, consisting of collembola, enchytraeids and earthworms on the performance of plants in a model Mediterranean early successional grassland community were investigated. Interactions of plant functional groups and species within the soil decomposer community resulted in significant shifts of plant competitive strength and therefore are likely to affect the rate of the successional development of plant communities.  Depending on the functional role of the decomposer taxa involved, either legumes, or non-leguminous forbs were more negatively affected. Therefore, increasing species numbers with in the decomposer community gradually reduced the relative contribution of forbs (legumes and non-leguminous forbs), although fundamentally different mechanisms were responsible for these effects. Surprisingly, not the biomass-dominant annelid taxa, but collembola had the strongest effects on plant performance. The grass-to-forb ratio, an indicator of successional change, shifted from 3 to 4 in presence of collembola, suggesting that indirect effects on microbial symbionts of plants were more important than classic decomposer effects via increased and more constant nutrient availability to plants. Total plant productivity, however, was not affected, since grasses gained competitive advantage and compensated with increased growth for the negative animal effects on forb performance. Our results highlight the importance of specific functional groups among decomposers for structuring grassland plant communities. However, great plasticity in the plant community through negative covariance between forbs and grasses, partly compensated for decomposer effects at the plant canopy level.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-12", "title": "Chronic N Deposition Does Not Apparently Alter The Biochemical Composition Of Forest Floor And Soil Organic Matter", "description": "Abstract   Future rates of atmospheric N deposition have the potential to slow litter decay and increase the accumulation of soil organic matter by repressing the activity of lignolytic soil microorganisms. We investigated the relationship between soil biochemical characteristics and enzymatic responses in a series of sugar maple (Acer saccharum)-dominated forests that have been subjected to 16\u00a0yrs of chronic N deposition (ambient\u00a0+\u00a03\u00a0g NO3\u2212\u2013N m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121), in which litter decay has slowed and soil organic matter has accumulated in sandy spodosols. Cupric-oxide-extractable lignin-derived phenols were quantified to determine the presence, source, and relative oxidation state of lignin-like compounds under ambient and experimental N deposition. Pools of respired C and mineralized N, along with rate constants for these processes, were used to quantify biochemically labile substrate pools during a 16-week laboratory incubation. Extracellular enzymes mediating cellulose and lignin metabolism also were measured under ambient and experimental N deposition, and these values were compared with proxies for the relative oxidation of lignin in forest floor and surface mineral soil. Chronic N deposition had no influence on the pools or rate constants for respired C and mineralized N. Moreover, neither the total amount of extractable lignin (forest floor, P\u00a0=\u00a00.260; mineral soil, P\u00a0=\u00a00.479), nor the relative degree of lignin oxidation in the forest floor or mineral soil (forest floor P\u00a0=\u00a00.680; mineral soil P\u00a0=\u00a00.934) was influenced by experimental N deposition. Given their biochemical attributes, lignin-derived molecules in forest floor and mineral soil appear to originate from fine roots, rather than leaf litter. Under none of the studied circumstances was the presence or relative oxidation of lignin correlated with the activity of cellulolytic and lignolytic extracellular enzymes. Although chronic atmospheric N deposition has slowed litter decay and increased organic matter in our experiment, it had little effect on biochemical composition of lignin-derived molecules in forest floor and surface mineral soil suggesting organic matter has accumulated by other means. Moreover, the specific dynamics of lignin phenol decay is decoupled from short-term organic matter accumulation under chronic N deposition in this ecosystem.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-11", "title": "Effects Of Slow And Fast Pyrolysis Biochar On Soil C And N Turnover Dynamics", "description": "Abstract   This study compared the effect of two principal pyrolysis methods on the chemical characteristics of biochar and the impact on C and N dynamics after soil incorporation. Biochar was produced from wheat straw that was thermally decomposed at 525\u00a0\u00b0C by slow pyrolysis (SP) in a nitrogen flushed oven and by fast pyrolysis (FP) using a Pyrolysis Centrifuge Reactor (PCR). After 65 days of soil incubation, 2.9% and 5.5% of the SP- and FP-biochar C, respectively, was lost as CO 2 , significantly less than the 53% C-loss observed when un-pyrolyzed feedstock straw was incubated. Whereas the SP-biochar appeared completely pyrolyzed, an un-pyrolyzed carbohydrate fraction (8.8% as determined by acid released C6 and C5 sugars) remained in the FP-biochar. This labile fraction possibly supported the higher CO 2  emission and larger microbial biomass (SMB-C) in the FP-biochar soil. Application of fresh FP-biochar to soil immobilized mineral N (43%) during the 65 days of incubation, while application of SP-biochar led to net N mineralization (7%). In addition to the carbohydrate contents, the two pyrolysis methods resulted in different pH (10.1 and 6.8), particle sizes (113 and 23\u00a0\u03bcm), and BET surface areas (0.6 and 1.6\u00a0m 2 \u00a0g \u22121 ) of the SP- and FP-biochars, respectively. The study showed that independently of pyrolysis method, soil application of the biochar materials had the potential to sequester C, while the pyrolysis method did have a large influence on the mineralization-immobilization of soil N.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-08", "title": "Biodegradability Of Organic Matter In Fire-Affected Mineral Soils Of Southern Spain", "description": "Open AccessIncorporated into the soil, naturally formed pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) is considered as highly recalcitrant, but direct estimation of PyOM decomposition rates are scarce. With this aim in mind, we subjected organic matter (OM) of fire-affected and unaffected soils to biochemical degradation under laboratory conditions and monitored CO2 production over a period of seven months. The soils derived from the Sierra de Aznalc\u00f3llar, Southern Spain, and were sampled 4 weeks and 5 years after a severe fire. Virtual fractionation of the solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the fire-affected soils into fire-unaffected soil organic matter (SOM) and PyOM yielded charcoal C contributions of 30 to 50% to the total organic C (Corg) of the sample. Fitting the respiration data with a double exponential decay model revealed a fast carbon flush during the first three weeks of the experiment. Solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy evidenced the contribution of aromatic moieties of the PyOM to this initial carbon release and to the biosynthesis of new microbial biomass. Considering the loss of microbiologically easily available fresh litter by wildfires, this relatively labile PyOM fraction may contribute to a fast recovery of a fire-affected site. The input of PyOM resulted in an increase of the mean residence time (MRT) of the slow OM pool of the soil by a factor of 3-4 to approximately 40 years. Assuming that under field conditions, the microbial activity corresponds to approximately 10% of the value observed under optimal laboratory conditions, MRTs of 500-600 years were estimated for the slow PyOM pool. The fact that these times are only 5-6 times longer than those calculated for fire-unaffected SOM rises doubts about the presumed big influence of PyOM as an additional C-sink in soils. On the other hand, although being small the difference in turnover rates is evident and has some major implication with respect to long-term alteration of the chemical composition of OM in fire-affected soils. In case of a reduced input of fresh litter, the preferential degradation of fire-unaffected SOM yields in a selective preservation of PyOM. To what extent this can alter soil properties, has still to be elucidated. In cultivated soils rarely affected by fire or with low charcoal input after burning of harvest, the impact of PyOM accumulation may be of minor importance. On the other hand, for soils regularly amended with high amounts of biochar or subjected to frequent natural or prescribed burnings, it may be an important factor.", "keywords": ["Respiration experiments", "Biochar", "Soil organic matter turnover", "Forest fires", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Solid-state NMR spectroscopy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Virtual fractionation of SOM", "15. Life on land", "Pyrogenic organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-06", "title": "Phenoloxidase And Peroxidase Activities In Sphagnum-Dominated Peatland In A Warming Climate", "description": "Peatlands still suffer from the scarcity of available data about the characterization and the response to climate forcing of the main oxidative enzymes that occur over the seasons. In the present study, phenoloxidase and peroxidase activities were examined in Sphagnum lawns along a narrow fen-bog gradient under experimental elevated temperatures. We showed that peroxidase activities from Sphagnum mosses were 1000-fold higher than those of phenoloxidases irrespective of seasons and sampling areas. Peroxidase activities increased (+30%) with the rise of air temperatures (an average of 1 \u00b0C), while warming did not alter phenoloxidase activities. These results suggest that the monitoring of peroxidase activities in peatlands may represent a suitable and forward indicator of the impact of climate warming on carbon cycle in peatlands.", "keywords": ["580", "570", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "environment", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-11", "title": "Calcium Affects The Competitiveness Of Acid-Sensitive And Acid-Tolerant Strains Of Bradyrhizobium Japonicum In Nodulating And Fixing Nitrogen With Two Soybean Cultivars In Acid Soil", "description": "Abstract   A glasshouse experiment studied the role of calcium and pH on competitiveness of acid-sensitive and acid-tolerant Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with similar N2-fixation effectiveness in nodulating two soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) cultivars selected for tolerance of aluminium (PI416937) or for manganese (Manta). Liming provides calcium (Ca) as well as increasing soil pH. Thus the effect of Ca and pH of soil are difficult to separate. We examined the effects of Ca per se by comparing the response to gypsum and lime amendment on the competitiveness of acid-tolerant and acid-sensitive strains in nodulating soybean in an acid soil. Acid soil was treated with either CaSO4 or CaCO3 and incubated for 2 weeks before sowing soybean seed. Two acid-sensitive and two acid-tolerant B.\u00a0japonicum strains were mixed with each other (one acid-sensitive plus one acid-tolerant) and were inoculated onto soybean seeds at the rate of 106cfu\u00a0seed\u22121. Soil pH, as amended by lime addition, had more effect on nodulation than Ca addition in the form of gypsum. The response was affected by cultivar and strain in a complicated fashion with a marked strain\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0cultivar interaction. One acid-tolerant strain formed most nodules with both cultivars in the unamended soil of pH 4.36 in competition with one acid-sensitive strain. The same acid-tolerant strain was not competitive against the second acid-sensitive strain with Manta but was with PI416937. The second acid-tolerant strain was not competitive with either acid-sensitive strain in unamended and gypsum treated soils. It was only competitive with PI416937 in limed soil, a rather surprising result. Inoculation of this soil with no native soybean nodulating strains, increased shoot weight, %N, N uptake. N2-fixation was greatly increased by inoculation and lime addition, and to a lesser extent by gypsum addition for Manta. This experiment indicates that addition of Ca per se as gypsum to an acid soil has little effect on symbiotic performance, but changing pH by liming has a major effect, that both soybean cultivar and B.\u00a0japonicum strain influence the competitiveness of strains in acid soil and that acid-tolerance does not necessarily increase a strain's competitiveness.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "2404 Microbiology", "Acid-sensitive", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "03 medical and health sciences", "Acid-tolerant", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bradyrhizobium", "Soybean", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-04", "title": "Effects Of Nh4+ And No3- On Litter And Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition In A Chinese Fir Plantation Forest In South China", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and nutrient availability determine the soil quality and fertility in a Chinese fir plantation forest in subtropical China. Uniformly 13C-labeled Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and alder (Alnus cremastogyne) leaf litter with or without 100\u00a0mg NH4+ or NO3\u2212 were added to the soil. The purpose was to investigate the influence of N availability on the decomposition of the litter and native SOC. The production of CO2, the natural abundance of 13C\u2013CO2, and the inorganic N dynamics were monitored. The results showed that Chinese fir (with a high C:N ratio) and alder (with a low C:N ratio) leaf litter caused significant positive priming effects (PEs) of 24% and 42%, respectively, at the end of the experiment (235\u00a0d). The PE dynamics showed that positive PE can last for at least 87\u00a0d. However, the possible occurrence of a significant negative PE with a sufficient incubation period is difficult to confirm. The application of both NH4+ and NO3\u2212 was found to have a stimulating effect on the decomposition of Chinese fir and alder leaf litter in the early stage (0\u201315\u00a0d) of incubation, but an adverse effect in the late stage. Compared with NO3\u2212, NH4+ caused a greater decrease in the PE induced by both Chinese fir and alder leaf litter. The effects of NH4+ and NO3\u2212 on the PE dynamics had different patterns for different incubation stages. This result may indicate that the stability or recalcitrance of SOC, especially in such plantation forest soils, strongly depends on available leaf litter and application of N to the soil.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Silong Wang, Weidong Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-24", "title": "Annual Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide And Nitric Oxide From A Wheat\u2013Maize Cropping System On A Silt Loam Calcareous Soil In The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen amendment followed by flooding irrigation is a general management practice for a wheat\u2013maize rotation in the North China Plain, which may favor nitrification and denitrification. Consequently, high emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and nitric oxide (NO) are hypothesized to occur. To test this hypothesis, we performed year-round field measurements of N 2 O and NO fluxes from irrigated wheat\u2013maize fields on a calcareous soil applied with all crop residues using a static, opaque chamber measuring system. To interpret the field data, laboratory experiments using intact soil cores with added carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium) substrates were performed. Our field measurements showed that pulse emissions after fertilization and irrigation/rainfall contributed to 73% and 88% of the annual N 2 O and NO emissions, respectively. Soil moisture and mineral nitrogen contents significantly affected the emissions of both gases. Annual emissions from fields fertilized at the conventional rate (600\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) totaled 4.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2 and 3.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  for N 2 O and NO, respectively, while those from unfertilized fields were much lower (0.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.02\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  and 0.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.05\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 , respectively). Direct emission factors (EF d s) of N 2 O and NO for the fertilizer nitrogen were estimated to be 0.59\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04% and 0.44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04%, respectively. By summarizing the results of our study and others, we recommended specific EF d s (N 2 O: 0.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09%; NO: 0.45\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04%) for estimating emissions from irrigated croplands on calcareous soils with organic carbon ranging from 5 to 16\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 . Nitrification dominated the processes driving the emissions of both gases following fertilization. It was evident that insufficient available carbon limited microbial denitrification and thus N 2 O emission. This implicates that efforts to enhance carbon sink in calcareous soils likely increase their N 2 O emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-24", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Drying Intensity And Duration On Respiration And Methane Production Recovery In Fen Peat Incubations", "description": "Abstract   Drying and rewetting to a variable extent influence the C gas exchange between peat soils and the atmosphere. We incubated a decomposed and compacted fen peat and investigated in two experiments 1) the vertical distribution of CO 2  and CH 4  production rates and their response to drying and 2) the effects of temperature, drying intensity and duration on CO 2  production rates and on CH 4  production recovery after rewetting. Surface peat down to 5\u00a0cm contributed up to 67% (CO 2 ) and above 80% (CH 4 ) of the depth-aggregated (50\u00a0cm) production. As CO 2  production sharply decreased with depth water table fluctuations in deeper peat layers are thus not expected to cause a substantial increase in soil respiration in this site. Compared to anaerobic water saturated conditions drying increased peat CO 2  production by a factor between 1.4 and 2.1. Regarding the effects of the studied factors, warmer conditions increased and prolonged drying duration decreased CO 2  production whereas the soil moisture level had little influence. No significant interactions among factors were found. Short dry events under warmer conditions are likely to result in greatest peaks of CO 2  production rates. Upon rewetting, CH 4  production was monitored over time and the recovery was standardized to pre-drying levels to compare the treatment effects. Methane production increased non-linearly over time and all factors (temperature, drying intensity and duration) influenced the pattern of post-drying CH 4  production. Peat undergoing more intense and longer drying events required a longer lag time before substantial CH 4  production occurred and warmer conditions appeared to speed up the process.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-03", "title": "Alleviation Of P Limitation Makes Tree Roots Competitive For N Against Microbes In A N-Saturated Conifer Forest: A Test Through P Fertilization And N-15 Labelling", "description": "Chronic N deposition to forests may induce N saturation and stand decline, leading to reduced ecosystem N retention capacity, triggered by a shift from N limitation of trees to limitation by another nutrient. We conducted a 15N soil labelling experiment in non-fertilized and P-fertilized plots at two elevations in an N-saturated Mediterranean-fir (Abies pinsapo) forest in southern Spain which shows P limitation symptoms. Root-exclusion was applied to identify the relative contributions of roots (plus mycorrhizal fungi) uptake, and heterotrophic immobilization by free-living microbes, to N retention. Overall 15N recovery from the litter, 0\u201315-cm soil and root-uptake components was c.a. 35% higher in P-fertilized than in non-fertilized plots at both elevations. In non-fertilized plots, soil was the biggest sink for added 15N. Phosphorus fertilization increased the competitive ability of tree roots for soil N resulting in equal importance of the autotrophic (roots plus associated mycorhizal fungi) and heterotrophic (free-living microbes) components with respect to total 15N recovery in P-fertilized plots. Phosphorus addition increased litter and soil N immobilization only if roots had been excluded. By combining in situ fertilization, root-exclusion and isotope labelling we have demonstrated that reduced N retention capacity and dominance of soil microbial over plant immobilization in a N-saturated forest results from a shift from N to P limitation of trees, while alleviation of P limitation makes tree roots and associated mycorrhizal fungi competitive for N against free soil microorganisms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "N saturation", "vector analysis of foliar nutrients", "N uptake", "plant-microbe competition", "P limitation and deficiency", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "N/P relationships", "01 natural sciences", "P fertilization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "plant-soil interactions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-06", "title": "Addition Of Organic And Inorganic P Sources To Soil - Effects On P Pools And Microorganisms", "description": "Abstract   Phosphorus deficiency is wide-spread due to the poor solubility of soil P and the rapid formation of poorly available P after P addition. Microbes play a key role in soil P dynamics by P uptake, solubilisation and mineralisation. Therefore a better understanding of the relationship between type of P amendment, microbial activity and changes in soil P pools is important for a better management of soil P. A P deficient soil was amended with two composts (low P or high P), two crop residues (low P or high P), and inorganic P (KH2PO4) at low and high P, and incubated for 56 days. Composts were added at 20\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 resulting in a total P addition of 4.1\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 soil with the low P compost and 33.2\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 soil with the high P compost. The same amount of P was added with the other amendments (residues and inorganic P). All amendments increased cumulative respiration, but microbial biomass and the abundance of bacteria and fungi (assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis) increased significantly only in soils with organic amendments, with greater increases with residues. The concentration of the inorganic P pools NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi and HCl-P increased significantly within 5\u00a0h after amendment, particularly with high P amendments. Over the following 56 days, labile inorganic P was converted mainly into non-labile inorganic P with inorganic P addition whereas labile and non-labile organic P was formed with organic amendments. It is concluded that organic P sources, particularly those with high P concentration can stimulate the formation of organic P forms in soils which may provide a long-term slow release P source for plants and soil organisms.", "keywords": ["P pools", "2. Zero hunger", "Microbial biomass", "Compost", "Residues", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Organic P", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Inorganic P", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-17", "title": "Increased Temperature And Precipitation Had Limited Effects On Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities In A Post-Harvest Forest", "description": "Abstract   Forest harvesting often increases soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization, and we hypothesized that these increases would be enhanced by predicted climate change. While there are many metrics of soil C and N cycling, here we tested our hypothesis using extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) that reflect microbial resource\u00a0allocation toward C and N acquisition. We monitored soil extracellular enzyme activities for 2.5 years in a whole-tree harvested forest in Pennsylvania with climate manipulations of warming (+2\u00a0\u00b0C) and wetting (+20% precipitation) implemented in a factorial design. Climate treatments had little effect on soil water-extractable carbon and inorganic N concentrations. Only \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) showed climate treatment effects; evidence suggests warming decreased BG ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.025) and NAG ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.007) relative non-warmed treatments by an average of 19% and 21% respectively. Increased precipitation had no effect on the six soil EEAs. Two commonly used exoenzyme ratios did not vary among treatments. However, the ratio of activity of nitrogen acquiring enzymes (leucine aminopeptidase\u00a0+\u00a0NAG) to key C acquiring enzymes (BG\u00a0+\u00a0cellobiohydrolase\u00a0+\u00a0polyphenol oxydase) was highest in the single-factor warmed ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.023) and wetted ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.025) treatments. Overall, changes in soil EEA ratios were poorly correlated with changes in soil C and N pools, indicating either a strong influence of abiotic controls on EEA or that the particular enzymes we analyzed were not good indicators of microbial supply and demand for C and N.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jason P. Kaye, Margot W. Kaye, Marshall D. McDaniel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-28", "title": "The Effect Of Earthworms On Carbon Storage And Soil Organic Matter Composition In Tropical Soil Amended With Compost And Vermicompost", "description": "The use of organic matter (OM) amendments is widespread in tropical countries and may be beneficial for soil carbon storage. Interactions between earthworms and OM amendments in tropical soils are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bioturbation on the quantity and chemical composition of OM in soil amended with compost and vermicompost. Our approach included comparison of soil samples amended with compost, vermicompost or chemical fertilizers in the presence or absence of earthworms during a one-year greenhouse experiment. The soils were submitted to a regular cultivation cycle. After one year, we analysed bulk samples for soil OM elemental composition and characterised its lignin and non-cellulosic carbohydrate components. Our results showed a decrease of the carbon and nitrogen content in soil amended with chemical fertilizers. Vermicompost amendment led to unchanged OC content, whereas the compost amendment increased the soils OC content compared to initial soil. The addition of earthworms reduced OC and N content in soils with organic amendments. This is in contrast to soil amended with mineral fertilizer only, where the presence of earthworms did not have any effect. Bioturbation influenced the lignin signature of the soils, and to a lesser extent the non-cellulosic carbohydrate signature. In conclusion, compost amendment combined with bioturbation influenced the quality and quantity of SOM and as result carbon storage and its biogeochemical cycling in tropical soils. Implications for soil fertility remain to be elucidated.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Compost", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "333", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Earthworms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Tropical soil", "Vermicompost"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-10", "title": "Stand Age, Fire And Clearcutting Affect Soil Organic Carbon And Aggregation Of Mineral Soils In Boreal Forests", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon (SOC) in mineral soil accounts for a large portion of total ecosystem carbon (C) in boreal forests. We evaluated the effects of stand age and disturbance origin on SOC, soil aggregate stability, and aggregate-associated SOC in the boreal forests of Ontario, Canada. Mineral soils at 0\u201315\u00a0cm depth were sampled in 27 stands of six post-fire age classes (2- to 203-year-old) and three post-clearcut age classes (2- to 29-year-old), each with three replications. In post-fire stands, the SOC pool increased from 2- and 10-year-old to 29-, 85- and 140-year-old, and then decreased in 203-year-old stands. Aggregate-associated SOC showed a similar trend. Abundance of water stable aggregates (>0.25\u00a0mm in diameter) was the highest in 2-year-old stands. Compared with the same-aged post-fire stands, the SOC pool and aggregate-associated SOC were higher, and aggregate stability was lower in 2- and 10-year-old post-clearcut stands. But the differences in SOC pool, aggregate-associated SOC, and aggregate stability between the two stand origins diminished or became less dramatic in 29-year-old stands. Our results indicate that aggregate stability is more dependent on thermal modification of SOC by fire than on aggregate-associated SOC. Our results also show higher SOC pool and aggregate-associated SOC but lower aggregate stability in post-clearcut than post-fire stands shortly after disturbance; however, differences between the two stand origins diminish when stands become older.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-16", "title": "Severe Drought Conditions Modify The Microbial Community Structure, Size And Activity In Amended And Unamended Soils", "description": "Abstract   Biological activity could be affected severely by the impact on soil quality of drought, which can be very severe in Southern areas of Europe. The objective of this work was to assess, under controlled laboratory conditions, whether a long period of severe drought (six months) can affect the structure, size and activity of the microbial community of a semiarid soil, as well as the influence of organic amendments on these effects. The soil was incubated for 180 days under controlled conditions (25\u00a0\u00b0C and 60/80% day/night relative humidity), with two treatments: unamended (US) and amended (AS) with manure compost (100\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Two levels of irrigation were imposed: (1) well-watered (MUS and MAS), the soil being maintained at 60% of its water-holding capacity (WHC), and (2) dry soils, without irrigation (DUS and DAS). The drought conditions caused a significant inhibition of C and N mineralisation, and affected negatively the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass. Thus, after 180 days under drought conditions, the non-watered soils showed higher organic carbon content than the well-watered soils. Likewise, the stressed soils showed significantly lower values of water-soluble N, ATP content, microbial biomass C, alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity and total functional diversity than the well-watered soils. There was a significant decrease in the total amount of each fatty acid in DUS and DAS with respect to MUS and MAS after 180 days under drought. The physiology of the microbial community was affected more strongly by water stress than was the microbial community structure, changes in the structure caused by drought being less pronounced in amended than in unamended soils. Furthermore, the organic amendments increased the soil organic matter content, hence improving the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass and helping soil to retain moisture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Teresa Hern\u00e1ndez, S. Hueso, Carlos Garc\u00eda,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-23", "title": "Biochar But Not Earthworms Enhances Rice Growth Through Increased Protein Turnover", "description": "The aim of this work was to compare the effects of biochar and earthworms on rice growth and to investigate the possible interactions between both. In addition to classic macroscopic variables we also monitored some leaf-level cellular processes involved in protein turnover. Both biochar and earthworms significantly increased shoot biomass production. However, biochar had a higher effect on the number of leaves (\u00fe87%) and earthworms on leaf area (\u00fe89%). Biochar also significantly increased the leaf turnover. At the cellular level, biochar but not earthworms enhanced protein catabolism by an increase in leaf proteolytic activities. This could be related to the increased expression of three of the six genes tested related to protein catabolism, one serine protease gene OsSP2 (\u00fe24%), one aspartic acid protease gene, Oryzasin (\u00fe162%) and one cysteine protease gene OsCatB (\u00fe257%). Furthermore, biochar also enhanced the expression level of two genes linked to protein anabolism, coding for the small and large subunits of rubisco (\u00fe33% and \u00fe30%, for rbcS and rbcL, respectively), the most abundant protein in leaves. In conclusion, our data gives evidence that biochar increased rice biomass production through increased leaf protein turnover (both catabolism and anabolism) whereas earthworms also increased rice biomass production but not through changes in the rate of protein turnover. We hypothesize that earthworms increase nitrogen uptake at a low cost for the plant through a simultaneous increase in mineralization rate and root biomass, probably through the release in the soil of plant growth factors. This could allow plants to accumulate more biomass without an increase in nitrogen metabolism at the leaf level, and without having to support the consecutive energy cost that must bear plants in the biochar treatment. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "earthworms", "FAUNE DU SOL", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "AZOTE", "PROTEINE", "CROISSANCE", "ETUDE COMPARATIVE", "lombriz de tierra", "2. Zero hunger", "BIOMASSE", "BIOCHAR", "biomass", "carbon", "microbiology", "MACROFAUNE", "CHARBON DE BOIS", "carbono", "RIZICULTURE", "biomasa", "oryza sativa", "METABOLISME", "FERTILISATION DU SOL", "carb\u00f3n vegetal", "LOMBRIC", "FEUILLE", "charcoal"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kam-Rigne Laossi, Juan Andr\u00e9s Cardoso, Patrick Lavelle, Patrick Lavelle, Diana Cristina Noguera, Diana Cristina Noguera, Diana Cristina Noguera, M.H. Cruz de Carvalho, S\u00e9bastien Barot,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization Losses From Surface-Applied Urea With Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors", "description": "Abstract   Urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) have the potential to improve N-use efficiency of applied urea and minimize N losses via gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere and nitrate       (     NO   3  \u2212    )       leaching into surface and ground water bodies. There is a growing interest in the formulations of coating chemical fertilizers with both UI and NI. However, limited information is available on the combined use of UI and NI applied with urea fertilizer. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treating urea with both UI and NI to minimize NH3 volatilization. Two experiments were set up in volatilization chambers under controlled conditions to examine this process. In the first experiment, UR was treated with the urease inhibitor NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide] at a rate of 1060\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 urea and/or with the nitrification inhibitor DCD (dicyandiamide) at rates equivalent to 5 or 10% of the urea N. A randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replicates was used: 1) UR, 2) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT, 3) UR\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%, 4) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 5%, and 5) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%. The fertilizer treatments were applied to the surface of an acidic Red Latosol soil moistened to 60% of the maximum water retention and placed inside volatilization chambers. Controls chambers were added to allow for NH3 volatilized from unfertilized soil or contained in the air that swept over the soil surface. The second experiment had an additional treatment with surface-applied DCD. The chambers were glass vessels (1.5\u00a0L) fit with air inlet and outlet tubings to allow air to pass over the soil. Ammonia volatilized was swept and carried to a flask containing a boric acid solution to trap the gas and then measured daily by titration with a standardized H2SO4 solution. Continuous measurements were recorded for 19 and 23 days for the first and second experiment, respectively. The soil samples were then analyzed for UR\u2013,       NH   4  +   \u2013    , and       NO   3  \u2212   \u2013  N    . Losses of NH3 by volatilization with unamended UR ranged from 28 to 37% of the applied N, with peak of losses observed the third day after fertilization. NBPT delayed the peak of NH3 losses due to urease inhibition and reduced NH3 volatilization between 54 and 78% when compared with untreated UR. Up to 10 days after the fertilizer application, NH3 losses had not been affected by DCD in the UR or the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments; thereafter, NH3 volatilization tended to decrease, but not when DCD was present. As a consequence, the addition of DCD caused a 5\u201316% increase in NH3 volatilization losses of the fertilizer N applied as UR from both the UR and the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments. Because the effectiveness of NBPT to inhibit soil urease activity was strong only in the first week, it could be concluded that DCD did not affect the action of NBPT but rather, enhanced volatilization losses by maintaining higher soil       NH   4  +      concentration and pH for a longer time. Depending on the combination of factors influencing NH3 volatilization, DCD could even offset the beneficial effect of NBPT in reducing NH3 volatilization losses.", "keywords": ["soil chemistry", "Urease inhibitors", "Surface treatment", "nutrient use efficiency", "Ammonia volatilization", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Ammonia", "Oxidation", "DCD", "Urea", "Urea fertilizers", "Fertilizers", "volatilization", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil surface", "coating", "fertilizer application", "Urease inhibitor", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrification inhibitor", "Nitrification", "Inorganic acids", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activity", "inhibitor", "pH effects", "Metabolism", "NBPT", "Denitrification", "Leaching", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experiments", "Stabilized fertilizer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-17", "title": "The Effect Of Biochar Addition On N2o And Co2 Emissions From A Sandy Loam Soil \u2013 The Role Of Soil Aeration", "description": "Abstract   Biochar application to soil has significant potential as a climate change mitigation strategy, due to its recalcitrant C content and observed effect to suppress soil greenhouse gas emissions such as nitrous oxide (N2O). Increased soil aeration following biochar amendment may contribute to this suppression.  Soil cores from a Miscanthus X. giganteus plantation were amended with hardwood biochar at a rate of 2% dry soil weight (22\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121). The cores were incubated at three different temperatures (4, 10 and 16\u00a0\u00b0C) for 126 days, maintained field moist and half subjected to periodic wetting events. Cumulative N2O production was consistently suppressed by at least 49% with biochar amendment within 48\u00a0h of wetting at 10 and 16\u00a0\u00b0C. We concluded that hardwood biochar suppressed soil N2O emissions following wetting at a range of field-relevant temperatures over four months. We hypothesised that this was due to biochar increasing soil aeration at relatively high moisture contents by increasing the water holding capacity (WHC) of the soil; however, this hypothesis was rejected.  We found that 5% and 10% biochar amendment increased soil WHC. Also, 10% biochar amendment decreased bulk density of the soil. Sealed incubations were performed with biochar added at 0\u201310 % of dry soil weight and wetted to a uniform 87% WHC (78% WFPS). Cumulative N2O production within 60\u00a0h of wetting was 19, 19, 73 and 98% lower than the biochar-free control in the 1, 2, 5 and 10% biochar treatments respectively. We conclude that high levels of biochar amendment may change soil physical properties, but that the enhancement of soil aeration by biochar incorporation makes only a minimal contribution to the suppression of N2O emissions from a sandy loam soil. We suggest that microbial or physical immobilisation of NO3\u2212 in soil following biochar addition may significantly contribute to the suppression of soil N2O emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "climate change", "water holding capacity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "charcoal", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Ce&offset=5200&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Ce&offset=5200&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Ce&offset=5150", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Ce&offset=5250", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 19689, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T13:54:08.629658Z"}