{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T06:56:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-16", "title": "Carbon Stocks And Cocoa Yields In Agroforestry Systems Of Central America", "description": "Abstract   The cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.) is cultivated typically in agroforestry systems in close association with a rich list of tree species and other useful plants on the same plot. Cocoa based agroforestry systems are credited for stocking significant amounts of carbon and hence have the potential to mitigate climate change. Since cocoa yields decrease non-linearly with increasing shade, a need is to design optimal cocoa agroforestry systems with high yields and high carbon stocks. We estimated the carbon stocked in a network of 229 permanent sample plots in cacao-based agroforestry systems and natural forests in five Central American countries. Carbon stocks were fractioned by both system compartments (aboveground, roots, soil, litter, dead wood \u2013 fine and coarse, and total) and tree use/form (cocoa, timber, fruit, bananas, shade and ornamentals, and palms). Cocoa plantations were assigned to a five-class typology and tested for independence with growing region using contingency analysis. Most Central American cocoa plantations had mixed or productive shade canopies. Only 4% of cocoa plantations were full sun or rustic (cocoa under thinned natural forest). Cocoa tree density was low (548\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0192\u00a0trees\u00a0ha\u22121). Total carbon (soil\u00a0+\u00a0biomass\u00a0+\u00a0dead biomass) was 117\u00a0\u00b1\u00a047\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121, with 51\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in the soil and 49\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (42% of total carbon) in aboveground biomass (cocoa and canopy trees). Cocoa trees accumulated 9\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 (18% of carbon in aboveground biomass). Timber and fruit trees stored 65% of aboveground carbon. The annual rate of accumulation of carbon in aboveground biomass ranged between 1.3 and 2.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0y\u22121. Trade-offs between carbon levels and yields were explored qualitatively using functional relationships documented in the scientific and technical literature, and expert knowledge. We argue that it is possible to design cocoa-based AFS with good yields (cocoa and shade canopy) and high carbon stock levels. The botanical composition of the shade canopy provides a large set of morphological and functional traits that can be used to optimize shade canopy design. Our results offer Central American cocoa producers a rigorous estimate of carbon stocks in their cocoa plantations. This knowledge may help them to certify and sell their cocoa, timber, fruits and other goods to niche markets with good prices. Our results will also assist governments and the private sector in (i) designing better legal, institutional and policy frameworks, local and national, promoting an agriculture with trees and (ii) contributing to the development of the national monitoring, reporting and verification systems required by the international community to access funding and payment for ecosystem services.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "certification", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920", "stockage", "01 natural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5524", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7427", "K01 - Foresterie - Consid\u00e9rations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales", "biomasse", "Theobroma cacao", "service", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "plante d'ombrage", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3418", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7019", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7713", "marketing", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6989", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5171", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1434", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peuplement forestier", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "carbone", "caract\u00e9ristique du peuplement", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4620", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35702", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34910", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28080", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3651"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T06:55:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-08", "title": "Carbon Stocks, Tree Diversity, And The Role Of Organic Certification In Different Cocoa Production Systems In Alto Beni, Bolivia", "description": "This study compares aboveground and belowground carbon stocks and tree diversity in different cocoa cultivation systems in Bolivia: monoculture, simple agroforestry, and successional agroforestry, as well as fallow as a control. Since diversified, agroforestry-based cultivation systems are often considered important for sustainable development, we also evaluated the links between carbon stocks and tree diversity, as well as the role of organic certification in transitioning from monoculture to agroforestry. Biomass, tree diversity, and soil physiochemical parameters were sampled in 15 plots measuring 48 \u00d7 48 m. Semi-structured interviews with 52 cocoa farmers were used to evaluate the role of organic certification and farmers\u2019 organizations (e.g., cocoa cooperatives) in promoting tree diversity. Total carbon stocks in simple agroforestry systems (128.4 \u00b1 20 Mg ha\u22121) were similar to those on fallow plots (125.2 \u00b1 10 Mg ha\u22121). Successional agroforestry systems had the highest carbon stocks (143.7 \u00b1 5.3 Mg ha\u22121). Monocultures stored significantly less carbon than all other systems (86.3 \u00b1 4.0 Mg ha\u22121, posterior probability P(Diff > 0) of 0.000\u20130.006). Among shade tree species, Schizolobium amazonicum, Centrolobium ochroxylum, and Anadenanthera sp. accumulated the most biomass. High-value timber species (S. amazonicum, C. ochroxylum, Amburana cearensis, and Swietenia macrophylla) accounted for 22.0 % of shade tree biomass. The Shannon index and tree species richness were highest in successional agroforestry systems. Cocoa plots on certified organic farms displayed significantly higher tree species richness than plots on non-certified farms. Thus, expanding the coverage of organic farmers\u2019 organizations may be an effective strategy for fostering transitions from monoculture to agroforestry systems.", "keywords": ["Values", " standards and certification", "2. Zero hunger", "Bolivia", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop husbandry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "330 Economics", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/49822/1/__ubnetapp02_user%24_brinksma_Downloads_carbon%20stocks.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114342", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T06:57:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-23", "title": "Microplastics in seafood: Consumer preferences and valuation for mitigation technologies", "description": "Abstract         <p>Microplastics, an emerging pollutant, have garnered widespread attention due to potential repercussions on human health and the environment. Given the critical role of seafood in food security, growing concerns about microplastics might be detrimental to meeting future global food demand. This study employs a discrete choice experiment to investigate Chilean consumers' preferences for technology aimed at mitigating microplastic levels in mussels. Using a between-subjects design with information treatments, we examined the impact of informing consumers about potential human health and environmental effects linked to microplastics pollution on their valuation for the technology. We found that the information treatments increased consumers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 willingness to pay for them. Specifically, consumers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 willingness to pay for mussels with a 90% depuration efficiency certification is around US$ 4. The provision of health impact information increased the price premium by 56%, while the provision of environmental information increased it by 21%. Furthermore, combined health and environmental information significantly increased the probability of non-purchasing behavior by 22.8% and the risk perception of microplastics for human health by 5.8%. These results emphasize the critical role of information in shaping consumer preferences and provide evidence for validating investment in research and development related to microplastic pollution mitigation measures.</p", "keywords": ["Male", "11 Ciudades y comunidades sostenibles", "Economics", "Strategy and Management", "Microplastics", "Social Sciences", "Choice Behavior", "01 natural sciences", "Microplastics pollution", "Natural resource economics", "11. Sustainability", "11 Sustainable Cities and Communities", "Microeconomics", "Willingness to pay", "Business", "Chile", "Environmental resource management", "Marketing", "2. Zero hunger", "12 Producci\u00f3n y consumo responsable", "Ecology", "Middle Aged", "Microplastic Pollution in Marine and Terrestrial Environments", "Pollution", "Management", "3. Good health", "Economics", " Econometrics and Finance", "Mitigation technology", "Environmental health", "14 Vida submarina", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Female", "Information treatment", "12 Responsible Consumption and Production", "Adult", "06 Clean Water and Sanitation", "Economics and Econometrics", "Certification", "06 Agua limpia y saneamiento", "330", "Environmental economics", "Discrete Choice Models in Economics and Health Care", "Food Contamination", "Business", " Management and Accounting", "12. Responsible consumption", "FOS: Economics and business", "Young Adult", "Humans", "Animals", "Conceptualizing the Circular Economy and Sustainable Supply Chains", "14. Life underwater", "Discrete Choice Experiment", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "Human health", "Valuation (finance)", "Consumer Behavior", "14 Life Below Water", "Purchasing", "Bivalvia", "Seafood", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Finance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114342"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Research%20International", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114342", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114342", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114342"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-31T06:57:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-17", "title": "Spatial Variation Of Environmental Impacts Of Regional Biomass Chains", "description": "In this study, the spatial variation of potential environmental impacts of bioenergy crops is quantitatively assessed. The cultivation of sugar beet and Miscanthus for bioethanol production in the North of the Netherlands is used as a case study. The environmental impacts included are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (during lifecycle and related to direct land use change), soil quality, water quantity and quality, and biodiversity. Suitable methods are selected and adapted based on an extensive literature review. The spatial variation in environmental impacts related to the spatial heterogeneity of the physical context is assessed using Geographical Information System (GIS). The case study shows that there are large spatial variations in environmental impacts of the introduction of bioenergy crops. Land use change (LUC) to sugar beet generally causes more negative environmental impacts than LUC to Miscanthus. LUC to Miscanthus could have positive environmental impacts in some areas. The most negative environmental impacts of a shift towards sugar beet and Miscanthus occur in the western wet pasture areas. The spatially combined results of the environmental impacts illustrate that there are several trade offs between environmental impacts: there are no areas were no negative environmental impacts occur. The assessment demonstrates a framework to identify areas with potential negative environmental impacts of bioenergy crop production and areas where bioenergy crop production have little negative or even positive environmental impacts.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "certification", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "costs", "energy crop cultivation", "argentina part", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "13. Climate action", "water-use", "land-use", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "miscanthus", "organic-matter", "scale bioenergy production", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20and%20Sustainable%20Energy%20Reviews", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.13396", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-31T06:59:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-03", "title": "The importance of biochar quality and pyrolysis yield for soil carbon sequestration in practice", "description": "Abstract                   <p>                     Biochar is a carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich material produced from biomass by anoxic or oxygen\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited thermal treatment known as pyrolysis. Despite substantial gaseous losses of C during pyrolysis, incorporating biochar in soil has been suggested as an effective long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term option to sequester CO                     2                     for climate change mitigation, due to the intrinsic stability of biochar C. However, no universally applicable approach that combines biochar quality and pyrolysis yield into an overall metric of C sequestration efficiency has been suggested yet. To ensure safe environmental use of biochar in agricultural soils, the International Biochar Initiative and the European Biochar Certificate have developed guidelines on biochar quality. In both guidelines, the hydrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90organic C (H/C                     org                     ) ratio is an important quality criterion widely used as a proxy of biochar stability, which has been recognized also in the new EU regulation 2021/2088. Here, we evaluate the biochar C sequestration efficiency from published data that comply with the biochar quality criteria in the above guidelines, which may regulate future large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale field application in practice. The sequestration efficiency is calculated from the fraction of biochar C remaining in soil after 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (F                     perm                     ) and the C\uffe2\uff80\uff90yield of various feedstocks pyrolyzed at different temperatures. Both parameters are expressed as a function of H/C                     org                     . Combining these two metrics is relevant for assessing the mitigation potential of the biochar economy. We find that the C sequestration efficiency for stable biochar is in the range of 25%\uffe2\uff80\uff9350% of feedstock C. It depends on the type of feedstock and is in general a non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear function of H/C                     org                     . We suggest that for plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90based feedstock, biochar production that achieves H/C                     org                     of 0.38\uffe2\uff80\uff930.44, corresponding to pyrolysis temperatures of 500\uffe2\uff80\uff93550\uffc2\uffb0C, is the most efficient in terms of soil carbon sequestration. Such biochars reveal an average sequestration efficiency of 41.4% (\uffc2\uffb14.5%) over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years.                   </p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil amendment", "H/C ratio", "biochar certification", "carbon farming", "persistence", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "sequestration efficiency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "permanence", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13396"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.13396", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.13396", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.13396"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-31T07:01:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-04", "title": "Quantifying soil organic carbon after biochar application: how to avoid (the risk of) counting CDR twice?", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage (PyCCS), which comprises the production of biomass, its pyrolysis, and the non-oxidative use of the biochar to create carbon sinks, has been identified as a promising negative emission technology with co-benefits by improving soil properties. Using biochar as a soil additive becomes increasingly common as farmers seek methods for soil improvement and climate change adaptation. Concurrently, there is growing interest in quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) at the level of individual plots to remunerate farmers for their good agricultural practices and the resulting (temporary) carbon dioxide removal (CDR). However, methods currently applied in routine analysis quantify SOC, irrespective of its speciation or origin, and do not allow to distinguish biochar-C from SOC. As certification of PyCCS-derived CDR is already established using another quantification method (i.e., analysis of biochar-C content, tracking and registration of its application, and offsetting of carbon expenditures caused by the PyCCS process), the analysis of biochar-C as part of SOC may result in double counting of CDR. Hence, the objectives of this review are (1) to compare the physicochemical properties and the quantities of biochar and SOC fractions on a global and field/site-specific scale, (2) to evaluate the established methods of SOC and pyrogenic carbon (PyC) quantification with regard to their suitability in routine analysis, and (3) to assess whether double counting of SOC and biochar C-sinks can be avoided via analytical techniques. The methods that were found to have the potential to distinguish between non-pyrogenic and PyC in soil are either not fit for routine analysis or require calibration for different soil types, which is extremely laborious and yet to be established at a commercial scale. Moreover, the omnipresence of non-biochar PyC in soils (i.e., from forest fires or soot) that is indistinguishable from biochar-C is an additional challenge that can hardly be solved analytically. This review highlights the risks and limits of only result-based schemes for SOC certification relying on soil sampling and analysis. Carbon sink registers that unite the (spatial) data of biochar application and other forms of land-based CDR are suggested to track biochar applications and to effectively avoid double counting.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "pyrogenic carbon capture and storage", "pyrogenic carbonaceous material", "carbon sink certification", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Environmental sciences", "monitoring", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Climate", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5849/jof.11-092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-31T07:04:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-21", "description": "10.5849/jof.11-092 ; Journal of Forestry ; 111 ; 1 ; 11-16", "keywords": ["Wood bioenergy", "330", "Third-party certification", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Supply chain"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jianban Gan, Benjamin William Cashore,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.11-092"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forestry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5849/jof.11-092", "name": "item", "description": "10.5849/jof.11-092", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5849/jof.11-092"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/346849", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-31T07:05:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-03", "title": "The importance of biochar quality and pyrolysis yield for soil carbon sequestration in practice", "description": "Abstract                   <p>                     Biochar is a carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich material produced from biomass by anoxic or oxygen\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited thermal treatment known as pyrolysis. Despite substantial gaseous losses of C during pyrolysis, incorporating biochar in soil has been suggested as an effective long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term option to sequester CO                     2                     for climate change mitigation, due to the intrinsic stability of biochar C. However, no universally applicable approach that combines biochar quality and pyrolysis yield into an overall metric of C sequestration efficiency has been suggested yet. To ensure safe environmental use of biochar in agricultural soils, the International Biochar Initiative and the European Biochar Certificate have developed guidelines on biochar quality. In both guidelines, the hydrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90organic C (H/C                     org                     ) ratio is an important quality criterion widely used as a proxy of biochar stability, which has been recognized also in the new EU regulation 2021/2088. Here, we evaluate the biochar C sequestration efficiency from published data that comply with the biochar quality criteria in the above guidelines, which may regulate future large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale field application in practice. The sequestration efficiency is calculated from the fraction of biochar C remaining in soil after 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (F                     perm                     ) and the C\uffe2\uff80\uff90yield of various feedstocks pyrolyzed at different temperatures. Both parameters are expressed as a function of H/C                     org                     . Combining these two metrics is relevant for assessing the mitigation potential of the biochar economy. We find that the C sequestration efficiency for stable biochar is in the range of 25%\uffe2\uff80\uff9350% of feedstock C. It depends on the type of feedstock and is in general a non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear function of H/C                     org                     . We suggest that for plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90based feedstock, biochar production that achieves H/C                     org                     of 0.38\uffe2\uff80\uff930.44, corresponding to pyrolysis temperatures of 500\uffe2\uff80\uff93550\uffc2\uffb0C, is the most efficient in terms of soil carbon sequestration. Such biochars reveal an average sequestration efficiency of 41.4% (\uffc2\uffb14.5%) over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years.                   </p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil amendment", "Biochar certification", "H/C ratio", "biochar certification", "carbon farming", "Sequestration efficiency", "Soil amendment", "persistence", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Carbon farming", "Permanence", "Persistence", "13. Climate action", "sequestration efficiency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "permanence", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/346849"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/346849", "name": "item", "description": "10261/346849", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/346849"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "38763635", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:07:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-22", "title": "Microplastics in seafood: Consumer preferences and valuation for mitigation technologies", "description": "Abstract         <p>Microplastics, an emerging pollutant, have garnered widespread attention due to potential repercussions on human health and the environment. Given the critical role of seafood in food security, growing concerns about microplastics might be detrimental to meeting future global food demand. This study employs a discrete choice experiment to investigate Chilean consumers' preferences for technology aimed at mitigating microplastic levels in mussels. Using a between-subjects design with information treatments, we examined the impact of informing consumers about potential human health and environmental effects linked to microplastics pollution on their valuation for the technology. We found that the information treatments increased consumers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 willingness to pay for them. Specifically, consumers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 willingness to pay for mussels with a 90% depuration efficiency certification is around US$ 4. The provision of health impact information increased the price premium by 56%, while the provision of environmental information increased it by 21%. Furthermore, combined health and environmental information significantly increased the probability of non-purchasing behavior by 22.8% and the risk perception of microplastics for human health by 5.8%. These results emphasize the critical role of information in shaping consumer preferences and provide evidence for validating investment in research and development related to microplastic pollution mitigation measures.</p", "keywords": ["Male", "11 Ciudades y comunidades sostenibles", "Economics", "Strategy and Management", "Microplastics", "Social Sciences", "Choice Behavior", "01 natural sciences", "Microplastics pollution", "Natural resource economics", "11. Sustainability", "11 Sustainable Cities and Communities", "Microeconomics", "Willingness to pay", "Business", "Chile", "Environmental resource management", "Marketing", "2. 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