Ultrafast laser processing has emerged as a versatile technique for modifying materials and introducing novel functionalities. Over the past decade, this method has demonstrated remarkable advantages in the manipulation of 2D layered materials, including synthesis, structuring, functionalization, and local patterning. Unlike continuous\uffe2\uff80\uff90wave and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90pulsed optical methods, ultrafast lasers offer a solution for thermal heating issues. Nonlinear interactions between ultrafast laser pulses and the atomic lattice of 2D materials substantially influence their chemical and physical properties. This paper highlights the transformative role of ultrafast laser pulses in maskless green technology, enabling subtractive, and additive processes that unveil ways for advanced devices. Utilizing the synergetic effect between the energy states within the atomic layers and ultrafast laser irradiation, it is feasible to achieve unprecedented resolutions down to several nanometers. Recent advancements are discussed in functionalization, doping, atomic reconstruction, phase transformation, and 2D and 3D micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and nanopatterning. A forward\uffe2\uff80\uff90looking perspective on a wide array of applications of 2D materials, along with device fabrication featuring novel physical and chemical properties through direct ultrafast laser writing, is also provided.Meiofauna (all invertebrates smaller than 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) are not only sensitive to environmental changes but also contribute significantly to nutrient cycling and energy transfer to higher trophic levels. Despite their importance, meiofauna distribution and ecology in the Siberian seas remain understudied. Here, we employ sediment environmental DNA metabarcoding to characterize meiofauna diversity across the unexplored Siberian seas. We show that meiofauna community structure is primarily driven by river discharge and coastal erosion, which are heavily influenced by climate change, rather than geographical distinctions between the seas. We observed higher meiofauna diversity in nearshore areas where river plumes promoted colonizer nematode communities that are resilient to disturbances. Yet, their dominance may lead to decreased ecosystem stability in the future. This study provides a valuable baseline for meiofauna diversity in remote Siberian seas undergoing rapid environmental change, which will be useful for assessing the future direction and pace of benthic ecological trajectories.In the present study, leaves from 13 sweet potato cultivars were collected as raw materials. The nutritional and functional composition, antioxidant activity, and sunscreen activity of different sweet potato leaf samples were determined, and the comprehensive nutritional quality was calculated by gray relational analysis. Results showed that the nutritional and functional components are significantly different between different cultivars. Tainong71 showed the highest comprehensive nutritional quality, followed by Fu22, Ningcai, Fu23, Ecai10, Zhecai726, Ecai1, Fu18, Pushu53, Guangcai5, Shulv1, Guangcai2, and Zhecai1. The antioxidant activity varied from 3.94 to 16.75\uffc2\uffa0g Trolox equivalent/100\uffc2\uffa0g dry weight. Pushu53 showed the highest sunscreen activity, with the sun protection factor 24.65. There was a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and sunscreen activity (r\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0.737, p\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0.004). In conclusion, sweet potato leaves possess high nutritional and functional properties, and have the huge potential to be used as green leafy vegetables and sunscreen agent.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "chemical/nutritional characterization ; antioxidant activity ; correlation analysis ; sunscreen acitvity ; gray relational analysis ; sweet potato leaves", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fsn3.1675"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1675"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/fsn3.1675", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/fsn3.1675", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/fsn3.1675"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/lom3.10364", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-05", "title": "An international laboratory comparison of dissolved organic matter composition by high resolution mass spectrometry: Are we getting the same answer?", "description": "AbstractHigh\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a vital tool for dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization. The upward trend in HRMS analysis of DOM presents challenges in data comparison and interpretation among laboratories operating instruments with differing performance and user operating conditions. It is therefore essential that the community establishes metric ranges and compositional trends for data comparison with reference samples so that data can be robustly compared among research groups. To this end, four identically prepared DOM samples were each measured by 16 laboratories, using 17 commercially purchased instruments, using positive\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion and negative\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) HRMS analyses. The instruments identified ~1000 common ions in both negative\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and positive\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion modes over a wide range of m/z values and chemical space, as determined by van Krevelen diagrams. Calculated metrics of abundance\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted average indices (H/C, O/C, aromaticity, and m/z) of the commonly detected ions showed that hydrogen saturation and aromaticity were consistent for each reference sample across the instruments, while average mass and oxygenation were more affected by differences in instrument type and settings. In this paper we present 32 metric values for future benchmarking. The metric values were obtained for the four different parameters from four samples in two ionization modes and can be used in future work to evaluate the performance of HRMS instruments.We explored how consumers value the ecological and socio-cultural benefits of diversified food production systems in Finland. We used a stated preference method and contingent valuation to quantify consumers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 willingness to pay (WTP) for the benefits of increased farm and regional scale diversity of cultivation practices and crop rotations. Three valuation scenarios were presented to a representative sample of consumers: the first one focused on agroecosystem services on cropland, the second on wider socio-cultural effects and the third was a combination of them. The results suggest that consumers are willing to pay on the average \uffe2\uff82\uffac228 per household annually for the suggested diversification. This is equal to \uffe2\uff82\uffac245 per hectare of cultivated cropland. The results also indicate that 21% of consumers were not willing to pay anything to support more diverse cropping systems. The relatively high WTP for both agroecological and socio-cultural benefits provide important messages for actors in the food chain and for policy makers on future targeting of economic resources within agri-environmental schemes.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Family Characteristics", "330", "Sustainable agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Valuation", "sustainable agriculture", "Diverse farming system", "agroecosystem services", "Agro-ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "10. No inequality", "valuation", "Finland", "diverse farming system", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-08", "title": "Toxicity screening of biochar-mineral composites using germination tests", "description": "This study assessed the properties and toxicity (water cress germination trials) of 38 waste-derived, novel biochar-mineral composites (BMCs) produced via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochars). The biochars were produced from sewage sludge and compost-like output (CLO) by varying the type of mineral additive (zeolite, wood ash and lignite fly ash), the mineral-to-feedstock ratio and the carbonization process. While pure hydrochars completely inhibited germination of water cress, this effect was ameliorated by mineral additives. Seedlings grew best in pyrolysis chars and while wood ash addition decreased plant growth in many cases, 1:10 addition to CLO doubled germination rate. The factors responsible for the phytotoxicity can be attributed to pH, salinity and organic contaminants. Importantly, while pure minerals inhibited germination, conversion of minerals into BMCs reduced their inhibitory effects due to buffered release of minerals. Overall, mineral wastes (e.g., combustion ashes) and waste biomass can be used safely as sources of nutrients and stable organic carbon (for soil carbon sequestration) when converted into specific biochar-mineral composites, exploiting synergies between the constituents to deliver superior performance.", "keywords": ["Minerals", "Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering", "Ash", "Germination", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biochar", "Soil", "Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Geological Engineering", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BMCHTC", "Hydrochar", "Pyrolysis", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://arrow.tudublin.ie/context/beschrecart/article/1073/viewcontent/Toxicity_screening_of_biochar_mineral_composites_using_germination_tests.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-28", "title": "Management opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from Chinese agriculture", "description": "Open AccessL'agriculture repr\u00e9sente environ 11\u00a0% des \u00e9missions nationales de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) de la Chine. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'adoption de meilleures pratiques de gestion sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion, les agriculteurs chinois peuvent contribuer \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions tout en maintenant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire de leur grande population (>1 300 millions). Cet article pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e9sultats d'une \u00e9valuation ascendante visant \u00e0 quantifier le potentiel technique des mesures d'att\u00e9nuation pour l'agriculture chinoise \u00e0 l'aide d'une m\u00e9ta-analyse de donn\u00e9es provenant de 240 publications pour les terres cultiv\u00e9es, 67 publications pour les prairies et 139 publications pour le b\u00e9tail, et fournit le sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l'analyse des co\u00fbts des mesures d'att\u00e9nuation identifi\u00e9es. Les options de gestion pr\u00e9sentant le plus grand potentiel d'att\u00e9nuation pour le riz ou les syst\u00e8mes de culture \u00e0 base de riz sont le travail de conservation, l'irrigation contr\u00f4l\u00e9e\u00a0; le remplacement de l'ur\u00e9e par du sulfate d'ammonium, l'application d'inhibiteurs d'azote (N), l'application d'engrais \u00e0 teneur r\u00e9duite en azote, la culture int\u00e9gr\u00e9e du riz, du poisson et du canard et l'application de biochar. Une r\u00e9duction de 15\u00a0% de l'application moyenne actuelle d'engrais azot\u00e9s synth\u00e9tiques pour le riz en Chine, soit 231 kg N ha\u22121, entra\u00eenerait une diminution de 12\u00a0% des \u00e9missions directes d'oxyde nitreux (N2O) dans le sol. L'application combin\u00e9e d'engrais chimiques et organiques, le travail de conservation, l'application de biochar et l'application r\u00e9duite d'azote sont des mesures possibles qui peuvent r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions globales de GES des syst\u00e8mes de culture en montagne. Les apports d'engrais conventionnels pour les l\u00e9gumes de serre repr\u00e9sentent plus de 2 \u00e0 8 fois la demande optimale en nutriments des cultures. Une r\u00e9duction de 20 \u00e0 40\u00a0% de l'application d'engrais azot\u00e9s sur les cultures mara\u00eech\u00e8res peut r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de N2O de 32 \u00e0 121\u00a0%, sans avoir d'impact n\u00e9gatif sur le rendement. L'une des mesures d'att\u00e9nuation les plus importantes pour les prairies agricoles pourrait \u00eatre la conversion de terres cultiv\u00e9es \u00e0 faible rendement, en particulier sur les pentes, en terres arbustives ou en prairies, ce qui est \u00e9galement une option prometteuse pour r\u00e9duire l'\u00e9rosion des sols. En outre, l'exclusion du p\u00e2turage et la r\u00e9duction de l'intensit\u00e9 du p\u00e2turage peuvent augmenter la s\u00e9questration du COS et r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions globales tout en am\u00e9liorant les prairies largement d\u00e9grad\u00e9es. Pour la production animale, o\u00f9 le fourrage de mauvaise qualit\u00e9 est couramment nourri, l'am\u00e9lioration de la gestion des p\u00e2turages et de la qualit\u00e9 de l'alimentation peut r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane (CH4) de 11\u00a0% et 5\u00a0% en moyenne. Les compl\u00e9ments alimentaires peuvent r\u00e9duire davantage les \u00e9missions de CH4, les lipides (r\u00e9duction de 15\u00a0%) et les tanins ou saponines (r\u00e9duction de 11\u00a0%) pr\u00e9sentant le plus grand potentiel. Nous sugg\u00e9rons \u00e9galement les mesures d'att\u00e9nuation les plus rentables sur le plan \u00e9conomique, en nous appuyant sur les travaux connexes sur la construction de courbes de co\u00fbts marginaux de r\u00e9duction pour le secteur.", "keywords": ["China", "Livestock", "550", "Cropping", "MACC", "Soil Science", "Cropland", "Rice Water Management and Productivity Enhancement", "Plant Science", "Greenhouse gas", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Environmental science", "Meta-analysis in Ecology and Agriculture Research", "Tillage", "12. Responsible consumption", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "11. Sustainability", "Agroforestry", "Waste management", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Technical potential", "Geography", "Ecology", "Economic potential", "Life Sciences", "Nutrient management", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Management", "Biochar", "Archaeology", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Aerobic Rice Systems", "Pyrolysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-06", "title": "Biochar And Biochar-Compost As Soil Amendments: Effects On Peanut Yield, Soil Properties And Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Tropical North Queensland, Australia", "description": "This study investigated the effects of biochar and compost, applied individually or together, on soil fertility, peanut yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on a Ferralsol in north Queensland, Australia. The treatments were (1) inorganic fertilizer only (F) as a control; (2) 10 t ha\u22121 biochar + F (B + F); (3) 25 t compost + F (Com + F) ha\u22121; (4) 2.5 t B ha\u22121 + 25 t Com ha\u22121 mixed on site + F; and (5) 25 t ha\u22121 co-composted biochar-compost + F (COMBI + F). Application of B and COMBI increased seed yield by 23% and 24%, respectively. Biochar, compost and their mixtures significantly improved plant nutrient availability and use, which appeared critical in improving peanut performance. Soil organic carbon (SOC) increased from 0.93% (F only) to 1.25% (B amended), soil water content (SWC) from 18% (F only) to over 23% (B amended) and CEC from 8.9 cmol(+)/kg (F only) to over 10.3 cmol(+)/kg (organic amended). Peanut yield was significantly positively correlated with leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation number (NN), leaf nutrient concentration, SOC and SWC for the organic amendments. Fluxes of CO2 were highest for the F treatment and lowest for the COMBI treatment, whereas N2O flux was highest for the F treatment and all organic amended plots reduced N2O flux relative to the control. Principal component analysis indicates that 24 out of 30 characters in the first principal component (PRIN1) individually contributed substantial effects to the total variation between the treatments. Our study concludes that applications of B, Com, B + Com or COMBI have strong potential to, over time, improve SOC, SWC, soil nutrient status, peanut yield and abate GHG fluxes on tropical Ferralsols.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "compost", "nitrous oxide", "soil fertility", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-22", "title": "The impact of crop diversification, tillage and fertilization type on soil total microbial, fungal and bacterial abundance: A worldwide meta-analysis of agricultural sites", "description": "Microorganisms play a key role in nutrient cycling in agriculture and can contribute to improve soil quality and enhance crop production. Thus, there is a need to identify the most suitable management practices which foster increases in soil microbial biomass and diversity. A meta-analysis was performed to assess changes in microbial abundance in agricultural soils affected by: (i) management practices (tillage, fertilization and crop diversification); and (ii) environmental factors, including climate characteristics and soil properties. The scope of the meta-analysis was to evaluate whether microbial abundances are affected or not by organic fertilization or no fertilization, crop diversification (intercropping and crop rotations) and conservation tillage (reduced tillage/no-tillage) as an alternative to intensive conventional monocultures in agriculture. Only papers showing data on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), providing indicators about soil microbial (total PLFA), fungal and bacterial biomass reached a critical mass to perform the meta-analysis. Therefore, soil microbial diversity could not be analyzed considering different management practices. Results showed that intercropping and crop rotations only significantly increased the abundance of fungi, with the corresponding increase in the fungal-to-bacterial ratio. Organic fertilization contributed to significant increases in bacterial and fungal abundance and total PLFA compared to mineral fertilization. Contrarily, the lack of fertilization negatively affected total PLFA, with no significant effect on bacterial and fungal abundances. Reduced tillage significantly increased total PLFA, fungal and bacterial abundances compared to conventional tillage, while no tillage had only a positive effect on fungi. Thus, as a general pattern, the adoption of sustainable management practices, mostly organic fertilization and reduced tillage, has overall positive effects on soil total microbial, fungal and bacterial abundance. These variables were not related to soil physicochemical properties and climatic factors, suggesting a positive global effect of sustainable management practices on soil microbial abundances. Thus, this study shows new insights by a meta-analysis of global studies about the effect of sustainable management practices on soil microbial abundances, needed for land-managers, policy-makers and farmers to select sustainable cropping systems that enhance microbial abundance. Financiado para publicaci\u00f3n en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUG Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2015\u201318758 Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2016\u201320411 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n | Ref. FJC2019\u2013039176-I Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D-2021/016", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic farming", "15. Proteger", " restablecer y promover el uso sostenible de los ecosistemas terrestres", " gestionar sosteniblemente los bosques", " luchar contra la desertificaci\u00f3n", " detener e invertir la degradaci\u00f3n de las tierras y detener la p\u00e9rdida de biodiversidad", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage", "12. Responsible consumption", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "13. Climate action", "Diversification", "Fertilization", "2. Poner fin al hambre", " lograr la seguridad alimentaria y la mejora de la nutrici\u00f3n y promover la agricultura sostenible", "PLFA", "3103.08 Gesti\u00f3n de la Producci\u00f3n Vegetal", "3103.12 Comportamiento del Suelo en Cultivos Rotatorios", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "25 Ciencias de la Tierra y del Espacio::2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafolog\u00eda)", "3103.05 T\u00e9cnicas de Cultivo"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10518-019-00721-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-23", "title": "Comparative analysis of liquefaction susceptibility assessment methods based on the investigation on a pilot site in the greater Lisbon area", "description": "In Portugal, particularly in the greater Lisbon area, there are widespread alluvial sandy deposits, which need to be carefully assessed in terms of liquefaction susceptibility and risk zonation. For this purpose, a pilot site has been set up, as part of the European H2020 LIQUEFACT project. An extensive database of geological and geotechnical reports was collected and a comprehensive site investigation campaign was carried out, including boreholes with standard penetration (SPT), piezocone penetrometer and seismic dilatometer tests as well as geophysical methods, complemented by undisturbed soil sampling for laboratory characterisation. The assessment of liquefaction susceptibility based on field tests was made using the simplified procedure, considering the factor of safety against liquefaction (FSliq), which relates the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) with the cyclic stress ratio (CSR). While the computation of the CSR is relatively straightforward, the reliability of the CRR strongly depends on the adopted in situ testing technique. Alternative approaches to liquefaction assessment have been proposed, based on quantitative liquefaction damage indexes, namely the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) and Liquefaction Severity Number. In this paper, the geotechnical field data is integrated in these distinct approaches to liquefaction assessment. A comparative and in-depth analysis of the conventional approach is presented and the inclusion of specific information on soil type, as a means to overcome the observed differences, is discussed particularly for SPT and VS results. The combination of these criteria enabled to clearly identify the most critical layers, in terms of liquefaction potential and severity.", "keywords": ["Earthquake-induced liquefaction \u00b7 Liquefaction potential \u00b7 Site characterisation \u00b7In situ tests \u00b7 Lisbon earthquake", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "0201 civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-019-00721-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00721-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10518-019-00721-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10518-019-00721-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10518-019-00721-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-27", "title": "Effects Of Acacia Seyal And Biochar On Soil Properties And Sorghum Yield In Agroforestry Systems In South Sudan", "description": "We studied the effects of Acacia seyal Del. intercropping and biochar soil amendment on soil physico-chemical properties and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) yields in a two-year field experiment conducted on a silt loam site near Renk in South Sudan. A split-plot design with three replications was used. The main factor was tree-cropping system (dense acacia\u00a0+\u00a0sorghum, scattered acacia\u00a0+\u00a0sorghum, and sole sorghum) and biochar (0 and 10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) was the subplot factor. The two acacia systems had lower soil pH, N and higher C/N ratios compared to the sole sorghum system. Biochar significantly increased soil C, exchangeable K+ contents, field capacity and available water content, but reduced soil exchangeable Ca2+ and effective CEC, and had no effect on soil pH. Acacia intercropping significantly reduced sorghum grain yields while biochar had no significant effect on sorghum yields. The land equivalent ratio (LER) for sorghum yield was 0.3 for both acacia systems in 2011, with or without biochar, but increased in 2012 to 0.6 for the scattered acacia system when combined with biochar. The reduction in sorghum yields by the A. seyal trees was probably due to a combination of competition for water and nutrients and shading. The lack of a yield response to biochar maybe due to insufficient time or too low a dosage. Further research is needed to test for the effects of tree intercropping and biochar and their interactions on soil properties and crop yields in drylands.", "keywords": ["BOREAL LOAMY SAND", "2. Zero hunger", "AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE", "Land equivalent ratio (LER)", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "NORTH KORDOFAN STATE", "Biochar", "BLUE-NILE REGION", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "CROP YIELDS", "BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN-FIXATION", "Savanna", "Acacia seyal", "TREES", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NERE PARKIA-BIGLOBOSA", "Tree intercropping", "BURKINA-FASO"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10750-009-9715-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-13", "title": "Heterotrophic Nitrogen Fixation In Oligotrophic Tropical Marshes: Changes After Phosphorus Addition", "description": "In order to determine the impact of nutrient enrichment on phosphorus (P) limited wetlands, we established experimental P additions in marshes throughout northern Belize. P significantly increased macrophyte primary production, which led to the rapid elimination of cyanobacterial mats. The replacement of cyanobacterial mats by macrophytes constrained autotrophic nitrogen (N) fixation, increased the quantity, and changed the quality of organic matter input to the sediments. We predicted that the activity of sediment heterotrophic N fixers will be impacted by these alterations in carbon input. We used the acetylene reduction technique to measure potential (glucose amended) nitrogenase activity (NA) in sediments from controls and treatment plots that have been P enriched for four years and dominated either by Eleocharis cellulosa, or Typha domingensis for two years. NA in P-enriched plots was 2\u20133 orders of magnitude higher than NA in controls. NA was positively correlated with the soil reactive P, both total organic and microbial carbon, live root biomass, and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) as an indicator of active microbial biomass. It was negatively correlated with the concentration of ammonium-N. Path analysis revealed that the indirect effect of P on NA through the root biomass was more important than the direct effect of P. NA of the upper sediment layer was consistently higher in Eleocharis than in Typha dominated plots, despite the higher litter input by Typha. We feel that the higher levels of lignin and phenolics occurring in Typha litter, relative to Eleocharis, constrained NA in Typha plots.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Freshwater & Marine Ecology", "Salinity", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Aquatic Science", "15. Life on land", "Cyanobacteria", "Pollution", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Science(all)", "13. Climate action", "Heterotrophic nitrogen fixation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Zoology", "Typha", "Eleocharis"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u010cern\u00e1, Barbora, Rejm\u00e1nkov\u00e1, Eli\u0161ka, Snyder, Jenise M., \u0160antr\u016f\u010dkov\u00e1, Hana,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt0xk5x7sm/qt0xk5x7sm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9715-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10750-009-9715-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10750-009-9715-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10750-009-9715-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11099-016-0672-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-07", "title": "Soil Water Content And Photosynthetic Capacity Of Spring Wheat As Affected By Soil Application Of Nitrogen-Enriched Biochar In A Semiarid Environment", "description": "A field trial was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen-enriched biochar on soil water content, plant\u2019s photosynthetic parameters, and grain yield of spring wheat at the Dingxi Experimental Station during the 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. Results showed that biochar applied with nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 50 kg ha\u20131 of N (BN50) increased soil water content in the 0\u201330 cm depth range by approximately 40, 32, and 53% on average at anthesis, milking, and maturity, respectively, compared with zero-amendment (CN0). Stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate after the BN50 treatment increased by approximately 40 to 50% compared to CN0. Soil water content and photosynthetic traits also increased in other treatments using straw plus nitrogen fertilizer, but to lesser extent than that of BN50. Grain yields were highest (1905 and 2133 kg ha\u20131 in 2014 and 2015, respectively) under BN50. From this, biochar appears to have a potential for its use with N-fertilizer as a cost-effective amendment for crop production in semiarid environments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "crop residues", "chemical fertilizer", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "gas exchange", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "crop productivity", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0672-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Photosynthetica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11099-016-0672-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11099-016-0672-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11099-016-0672-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0098523", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-04", "title": "Biochar From Sugarcane Filtercake Reduces Soil Co2 Emissions Relative To Raw Residue And Improves Water Retention And Nutrient Availability In A Highly-Weathered Tropical Soil", "description": "In Brazil, the degradation of nutrient-poor Ferralsols limits productivity and drives agricultural expansion into pristine areas. However, returning agricultural residues to the soil in a stabilized form may offer opportunities for maintaining or improving soil quality, even under conditions that typically promote carbon loss. We examined the use of biochar made from filtercake (a byproduct of sugarcane processing) on the physicochemical properties of a cultivated tropical soil. Filtercake was pyrolyzed at 575\u00b0C for 3 h yielding a biochar with increased surface area and porosity compared to the raw filtercake. Filtercake biochar was primarily composed of aromatic carbon, with some residual cellulose and hemicellulose. In a three-week laboratory incubation, CO2 effluxes from a highly weathered Ferralsol soil amended with 5% biochar (dry weight, d.w.) were roughly four-fold higher than the soil-only control, but 23-fold lower than CO2 effluxes from soil amended with 5% (d.w.) raw filtercake. We also applied vinasse, a carbon-rich liquid waste from bioethanol production typically utilized as a fertilizer on sugarcane soils, to filtercake- and biochar-amended soils. Total CO2 efflux from the biochar-amended soil in response to vinasse application was only 5% of the efflux when vinasse was applied to soil amended with raw filtercake. Furthermore, mixtures of 5 or 10% biochar (d.w.) in this highly weathered tropical soil significantly increased water retention within the plant-available range and also improved nutrient availability. Accordingly, application of sugarcane filtercake as biochar, with or without vinasse application, may better satisfy soil management objectives than filtercake applied to soils in its raw form, and may help to build soil carbon stocks in sugarcane-cultivating regions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Science", "Q", "R", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Saccharum", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Charcoal", "8. Economic growth", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Brazil", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098523"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0098523", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0098523", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0098523"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-05", "title": "Biochar Adsorbed Ammonia Is Bioavailable", "description": "Biochar is produced as a by-product of the low temperature pyrolysis of biomass during bioenergy extraction and its incorporation into soil is of global interest as a potential carbon sequestration tool. Biochar influences soil nitrogen transformations and its capacity to take up ammonia is well recognized. Anthropogenic emissions of ammonia need to be mitigated due to negative environmental impacts and economic losses. Here we use an isotope of nitrogen to show that ammonia-N adsorbed by biochar is stable in ambient air, but readily bioavailable when placed in the soil. When biochars, containing adsorbed 15N labelled ammonia, were incorporated into soil the 15N recovery by roots averaged 6.8% but ranged from 26.1% to 10.9% in leaf tissue due to differing biochar properties with plant 15N recovery greater when acidic biochars were used to capture ammonia. Recovery of 15N as total soil nitrogen (organic+inorganic) ranged from 45% to 29% of 15N applied. We provide a proof of concept for a synergistic mitigation option where anthropogenic ammonia emissions could be captured using biochar, and made bioavailable in soils, thus leading to nitrogen capture by crops, while simultaneously sequestering carbon in soils.", "keywords": ["ryegrass", "550", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "ANZSRC::0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "ANZSRC::050301 Carbon Sequestration Science", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "540", "ammonia", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "nitrogen", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "ANZSRC::070304 Crop and Pasture Biomass and Bioproducts", "N stable isotope", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-0948-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-18", "title": "Biochar Reduces The Bioavailability And Phytotoxicity Of Heavy Metals", "description": "Biochar has attracted research interest due to its ability to increase the soil carbon pool and improve crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metal immobilizing impact of chicken manure- and green waste-derived biochars, and their effectiveness in promoting plant growth. The immobilization and phytoavailability of Cd, Cu and Pb was examined using naturally contaminated shooting range and spiked soils. Biochar samples prepared from chicken manure and green waste were used as soil amendments. Application of biochar significantly reduced NH4NO3 extractable Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations of soils, indicating the immobilization of these metals. Chicken manure-derived biochar increased plant dry biomass by 353 and 572% for shoot and root, respectively with 1% of biochar addition. This might be attributed to reduced toxicity of metals and increased availability of nutrients such as P and K. Both biochars significantly reduced Cd, Cu and Pb accumulation by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), and the reduction increased with increasing amount of biochar application except Cu concentration. Metal sequential fractionation data indicated that biochar treatments substantially modified the partitioning of Cd, Cu and Pb from the easily exchangeable phase to less bioavailable organic bound fraction. The results clearly showed that biochar application was effective in metal immobilization, thereby reducing the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bioavailability", "Chicken manure-derived biochar", "heavy metal immobilization bioavailability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "910", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Immobilization", "Heavy metal", "1110 Plant Science", "Earth Sciences", "Green waste-derived biochar", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1111 Soil Science", "chicken manure-derived biochar", "green waste-derived biochar", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0948-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-0948-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-0948-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-0948-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-012-1411-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-14", "title": "Biochar Application Reduces Nodulation But Increases Nitrogenase Activity In Clover", "description": "Background and aims: Biochar is produced from the pyrolysis of organic materials, and when buried in soil can act as a long term soil carbon (C) store. Evidence suggests that biochar can also increase crop yields, reduce nutrient leaching and increase biological nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants. However, the potential for increasing biological N2 fixation in agroecosystems is poorly understood, with inconsistent reports of root nodulation following biochar application. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of biochar application rate and time since application on nodulation and nitrogenase activity in nodules of clover grown in a temperate agricultural soil. Methods: We used replicated field plots with three biochar application rates (0, 25 and 50 t ha-1). Three years after biochar amendment, the plots were further split and fresh biochar added at two different rates (25 and 50 t ha-1) resulting in double-loaded reapplications of 25 + 25 and 50 + 50 t ha-1. Results: Three years after biochar application, there was no significant difference in the total number of root nodules between biochar-amended and unamended soil, regardless of the application rate. However, despite clover root nodules being of a similar number and size the level of nitrogenase activity of individual nodules in biochar-amended soil was significantly higher than in unamended soil. Reapplication of biochar resulted in decreased nodulation, although the rate of nitrogenase activity per nodule remained unaffected. Conclusion: In the short term, biochar influences root nodule number and localised N2 fixation per nodule; however, total nitrogenase activity for the whole root system remained unaffected by the application rate of biochar or time since its application. These results emphasise the importance of long-term field studies, with a variety of applications rates for determining the influence of biochar applications on N2-fixing organisms and in providing data that can meaningfully inform agronomic management decisions and climate change mitigation strategies.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Climate change mitigation", "Legume-Rhizobia symbiosis", "13. Climate action", "Black nitrogen", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biological nitrogen fixation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Long term biochar trial", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/18417/1/Plant%20Soil%202013.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1411-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-012-1411-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-012-1411-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-012-1411-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-014-3762-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-04", "title": "Denitrification Kinetics In Biomass- And Biochar-Amended Soils Of Different Landscape Positions", "description": "Knowledge of how biochar impacts soil denitrification kinetics as well as the mechanisms of interactions is essential in order to better predict the nitrous oxide (N2O) mitigation capacity of biochar additions. This study had multiple experiments in which the effect of three biochar materials produced from corn stover (Zea mays L.), ponderosa pine wood residue (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson and C. Lawson), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and their corresponding biomass materials (corn stover, ponderosa pine wood residue, and switchgrass) on cumulative N2O emissions and total denitrification in soils from two different landscape positions (crest and footslope) were studied under varying water-filled pore space (40, 70, and 90% WFPS). Cumulative N2O emissions were reduced by 30 to 70% in both crest and footslope soils. The effect of biochars and biomass treatments on cumulative N2O emissions and total denitrification were only observed at \u226540% WFPS. The denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) kinetic parameters, K s (half-saturation constant), and V max (maximum DEA rate) were both significantly reduced by biochar treatments, with reductions of 70-80% in footslope soil and 80-90 % in the crest soil. The activation energy (E a) and enthalpy of activation of DEA (\u0394H) were both increased with biochar application. The trends in DEA rate constants (K s and V max) were correlated by the trends of thermodynamic parameters (activation energy E a and enthalpy of activation \u0394H) for denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA). The rate constant V max/K s evaluated the capacity of biochars to mitigate the denitrification process. Denitrifying enzyme kinetic parameters can be useful in evaluating the ability of biochars to mitigate N2O gas losses from soil.", "keywords": ["Nitrous Oxide", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Panicum", "Wood", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Pinus ponderosa", "Kinetics", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3762-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-014-3762-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-014-3762-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-014-3762-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-8505-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-23", "title": "Effects Of Straw And Biochar Amendments On Aggregate Stability, Soil Organic Carbon, And Enzyme Activities In The Loess Plateau, China", "description": "Soil from the Loess Plateau of China is typically low in organic carbon and generally has poor aggregate stability. Application of organic amendments to these soils could help to increase and sustain soil organic matter levels and thus to enhance soil aggregate stability. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of the application of wheat straw and wheat straw-derived biochar (pyrolyzed at 350-550\u00a0\u00b0C) amendments on soil aggregate stability, soil organic carbon (SOC), and enzyme activities in a representative Chinese Loess soil during summer maize and winter wheat growing season from 2013 to 2015. Five treatments were set up as follows: no fertilization (CK), application of inorganic fertilizer (N), wheat straw applied at 8\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1 with inorganic fertilizer (S8), and wheat straw-derived biochar applied at 8\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1 (B8) and 16\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1 (B16) with inorganic fertilizer, respectively. Compared to the N treatment, straw and straw-derived biochar amendments significantly increased SOC (by 33.7-79.6%), microbial biomass carbon (by 18.9-46.5%), and microbial biomass nitrogen (by 8.3-38.2%), while total nitrogen (TN) only increased significantly in the B16 plot (by 24.1%). The 8\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1 straw and biochar applications had no significant effects on soil aggregation, but a significant increase in soil macro-aggregates (>2\u00a0mm) (by 105.8%) was observed in the B16 treatment. The concentrations of aggregate-associated SOC increased by 40.4-105.8% in macro-aggregates (>2\u00a0mm) under straw and biochar amendments relative to the N treatment. No significant differences in invertase and alkaline phosphatase activity were detected among different treatments. However, urease activity was greater in the biochar treatment than the straw treatment, indicating that biochar amendment improved the transformation of nitrogen in the soil. The carbon pool index and carbon management index were increased with straw and biochar amendments, especially in the B16 treatment. In conclusion, application of carbonized crop residue as biochar, especially at a rate of 16\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1, could be a potential solution to recover the depleted SOC and enhance the formation of macro-aggregates in Loess Plateau soils of China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8505-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-8505-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-8505-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-8505-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-24", "title": "Quantitative characterization of pore structure of several biochars with 3D imaging", "description": "Open Access16 pages, 4 figures. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "keywords": ["x-ray tomography", "Condensed Matter - Materials Science", "soil amendment", "pore structure", "ta1171", "ta1182", "Water", "Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)", "FOS: Physical sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Diffusion", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "image analysis", "Charcoal", "Image Processing", " Computer-Assisted", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "Porosity", "soil amendments", "ta218", "water retention", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-019-05604-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-10", "title": "Biochar amendment effects on the activities of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus hydrolytic enzymes: a meta-analysis", "description": "The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the effects of biochar amendment on soil enzyme activities (SEAs) related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling. Based on 401 paired comparisons from 43 published studies, the SEAs and main influential factors were analyzed in response to biochar characteristics, soil properties, and experiment conditions. Results showed that biochar additions to soils overall increased the N- and P-cycling SEAs by 14 and 11%, respectively. The enhancement of the N- and P-cycling SEAs was mainly attributable to the microbial stimulation by biochar properties (i.e., nutrient content and porosity) and soil nutrients (e.g., soil organic C and total N). The enhancement was the most significant under the conditions with biochars produced at low temperatures and using feedstock materials with high nutrient content, and biochar applications in acidic or neutral soils, coarse or fine soils, and farmland soils. Biochar additions to soils overall reduced the C-cycling SEAs by 6.3%. The C-cycling SEAs were greatly suppressed under the conditions with low and very high biochar loads, biochars produced at high temperatures and with feedstock materials of herb and lignocellulose, and biochar applications in alkaline, fine, and forest soils. The results were mainly related to the adsorption and inhibition effects of biochars and soil properties (e.g., liming effect, high biochar porosity and aromatic C content) on fungi and the enzymes. Biochar feedstock, C/N and load, and soil total N were the main influential factors on the SEAs. The results from this study demonstrate that biochar amendment is beneficial to improving soil N and P cycling and C sequestration.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "Adsorption", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Leiyi Zhang, Yangzhou Xiang, Yiming Jing, Renduo Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05604-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-019-05604-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-019-05604-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-019-05604-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-019-06822-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-02", "title": "Effect of alkaline pretreatments on the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw", "description": "Lignocellulosic materials are mainly consisted of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Lignin is recognized as the main obstacle for the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose towards the fermentable sugars' production. Hence, the removal of lignin from the lignocellulosic feedstock is beneficial for reducing the recalcitrance of lignocellulose for enzymatic attack. For this purpose, various different alkaline pretreatments were examined in order to study their effect on the enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw, as a typical lignocellulosic material. Results revealed that the alkaline pretreatments promoted delignification reactions. Regarding the removal of lignin, the most efficient pretreatments were alkaline treatment with hydrogen peroxide 10% and NaOH 2% autoclave with delignification efficiencies of 89.60% and 84.86% respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to enlighten the structural changes of raw and pretreated materials. The higher the delignification of the raw material, the higher the conversion of cellulose during enzymatic saccharification. In all cases after enzymatic saccharification, the cellulosic conversion was much higher (32-77%) than the untreated wheat straw (8.6%). After undergoing alkaline peroxide 10% pretreatment and cellulase treatment, 99% of the initial raw straw was eventually solubilized. Thus, wheat straw could be considered as an ideal material for the production of glucose with proper pretreatments and effective enzymatic hydrolysis.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Cellulase", "Polysaccharides", "Hydrolysis", "Cellulose", "Lignin", "01 natural sciences", "Triticum", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-019-06822-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06822-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-019-06822-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-019-06822-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-019-06822-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-14", "title": "Effect Of Biochar Addition On C Mineralisation And Soil Organic Matter Priming In Two Subsoil Horizons", "description": "The impact of biochar on subsoil organic carbon mineralisation has never been assessed despite its susceptibility to downward transport after soil amendment. In this study, we analysed the potential mineralisation of biochar and plant material as well as their effect on native soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition in subsoil horizons. We used 13C-labelled biochar and plant material to allow disentangling substrate mineralisation and priming effects. The substrates were added to two mountain subsoils under different land use and incubated for 1\u00a0year under optimum conditions. We analysed for physical parameters and C mineralisation in the two soils. Moreover, microbial communities were assessed by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses. Our results indicated contrasting potential C mineralisation of subsoils under different land use probably related to sampling depth, contribution of stabilised organic matter compounds, carbon content as well as quality. In general, very low proportions of biochar were mineralised in the two soils as compared to plant material. The mineralisation of each of the added substrates (biochar and plant material) was slightly, but significantly different in the two soils. Native C mineralisation was much higher after plant material addition than after biochar addition. Subsoil type influenced the kind and magnitude of priming effects for both added substrates. Biochar mineralisation and its priming effects in subsoil are small as compared to uncharred plant litter. We suggest that substrate mineralization and priming effects induced on subsoil organic matter are dependent on the composition of the added substrate, as well as soil parameters rather than microbial community characteristics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "mineralisation", "13. Climate action", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "subsoil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "(13)C-labelled biochar", "priming", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-28", "title": "Enhanced Wheat Yield By Biochar Addition Under Different Mineral Fertilization Levels", "description": "Climate change and global warming have worldwide adverse consequences. Biochar production and its use in agriculture can play a key role in climate change mitigation and help improve the quality and management of waste materials coming from agriculture and forestry. Biochar is a carbonaceous material obtained from thermal decomposition of residual biomass at relatively low temperature and under oxygen limited conditions (pyrolysis). Biochar is currently a subject of active research worldwide because it can constitute a viable option for sustainable agriculture due to its potential as a long-term sink for carbon in soil and benefits for crops. However, to date, the results of research studies on biochar effects on crop production show great variability, depending on the biochar type and experimental conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the beneficial aspects of biochar addition to soil on crop yield in order to promote the adoption of this practice in agriculture. In this study, the effects of two types of biochar from agricultural wastes typical of Southern Spain: wheat straw and olive tree pruning, combined with different mineral fertilization levels on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum durum L. cv. Vitron) were evaluated. Durum wheat was pot-grown for 2 months in a growth chamber on a soil collected from an agricultural field near C\u00f3rdoba, Southern Spain. Soil properties and plant growth variables were studied in order to assess the agronomic efficiency of biochar. Our results show that biochar addition to a nutrientpoor, slightly acidic loamy sand soil had little effect on wheat yield in the absence of mineral fertilization. However, at the highest mineral fertilizer rate, addition of biochar led to about 20\u201330 % increase in grain yield compared with the use of the mineral fertilizer alone. Both biochars acted as a source of available P, which led to beneficial effects on crop production. In contrast, the addition of biochar resulted in decreases in available N and Mn. A maximum reduction in plant nutrient concentration of 25 and 80% compared to nonbiochar-treated soils for N and Mn, respectively, was detected. This fact was related to the own nature of biochar: low available nitrogen content, high adsorption capacity, and low mineralization rate for N; and alkaline pH and high carbonate content for Mn. Our results indicate that biochar-based soil management strategies can enhance wheat production with the environmental benefits of global warming mitigation. This can contribute positively to the viability and benefits of agricultural production systems. However, the nutrient\u2013biochar interactions should receive special attention due to the great variability in the properties of biochar-type materials.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Environmental Engineering", "Nitrogen", "Agricultural wastes", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Biochar", "Phosporus", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Grain yield", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Plant growth", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/bs.agron.2023.01.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:36Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-02-27", "title": "Complementing compost with biochar for agriculture, soil remediation and climate mitigation", "description": "We are racing to manage a phenomenally increasing volume of organic wastes from urban, industrial and agricultural entities. Composting is one of the preferred ways to convert biodegradable wastes into nutrient-rich soil conditioners. The age-old technique of composting process is being improved with innovative scientific means. Biochar, a widely studied soil amendment, is a carbonaceous material that can hold nutrients from endogenic/exogenic sources. Biochar-compost, a biochar-complemented compost, may provide a wide range of benefits expected from both materials. Compost and biochar can improve physicochemical and microbiological attributes of soils by supplying labile and stable carbons, and nutrients. Compost may also supply beneficial microbes. This means biochar-compost is a synergic soil amendment that can improve soil quality, increase crop production, and remediate contaminated soils. Having stable carbon, large reactive surface with nutrient loads, biochar can interact widely with organic biomass and modify physicochemical and-microbial states during a composting process while making biochar-compost. Production and application methods of biochar, compost and biochar-compost are covered for agricultural and contaminated soils. Metal and organic contaminations are also discussed. A case study on making and field-testing a mineral-enhanced biochar and a biochar-compost to improve rice yield, is presented at the end.", "keywords": ["Organic wastes", "compost", "organic contaminant", "metal", "Climate", "Remediation", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil", "Soil", "11. Sustainability", "remediation", "biochar", "climate", "Organic contaminant", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "Toxicity", "Metal", "organic wastes", "toxicity", "Agriculture", "Compost", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2023.01.001"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/bs.agron.2023.01.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/bs.agron.2023.01.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/bs.agron.2023.01.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-08", "title": "Nutrient Dynamics, Microbial Growth And Weed Emergence In Biochar Amended Soil Are Influenced By Time Since Application And Reapplication Rate", "description": "Evidence suggests that in addition to sequestering carbon (C), biochar amendment can increase crop yields, improve soil quality and nutrient cycling, reduce the leaching of nutrients from soil and stimulate soil microbial activity. However, biochar application primarily benefits soils of intrinsic poor quality, thus the advantages of adding biochar to temperate agricultural soils remains controversial. In addition, there is limited information about the longer term effects of biochar application, or of increasing the rate of biochar loading to soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of biochar residency time and application rate on soil quality, crop performance, weed emergence, microbial growth and community composition in a temperate agricultural soil. We used replicated field plots with three wood biochar application rates (0, 25 and 50 t ha(-1)). Three years after biochar amendment, the plots were further split and fresh biochar added at two different rates (25 and 50 t ha(-1)) resulting in double-loaded reapplications of 25 + 25 and 50 + 50 t ha(-1). After a soil residency time of three years, there were no significant differences in soil nutrients, microbial growth, mycorrhizal colonisation or weed emergence between biochar amended and unamended soil. In contrast, the reapplication of biochar had a significant effect on soil quality, (e.g. increased PO43-, K+ and Ca2+, DOC, soil moisture, organic matter and EC), microbial growth, (e.g. decreased saprophytic fungal growth), increased mycorrhizal root colonisation and inhibition of weed emergence. Whilst biochar application is unquestionably a strategy for the sequestration of C, in this case, other benefits, e.g. improved soil nutrient levels or crop performance, seemed to be short lived. Reapplication of biochar exemplifies the transient nature of biochar-mediated benefits rather than any lasting differences in soil nutrient dynamics or microbial communities. These results emphasise the need for more long-term field studies to provide data that can meaningfully inform agronomic management decisions and climate change mitigation strategies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (Less)", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Black carbon", "Repeat biochar application", "13. Climate action", "Temperate agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Long term biochar trial", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Char&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Char&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Char&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Char&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 438, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-28T20:10:39.900125Z"}