{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10451/59993", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-03", "title": "Spectra Fusion of Mid-Infrared (MIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy for Estimation of Selected Soil Fertility Attributes", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Previous works indicate that data fusion, compared to single data modelling can improve the assessment of soil attributes using spectroscopy. In this work, two different kinds of proximal soil sensing techniques i.e., mid-infrared (MIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy were evaluated, for assessment of seven fertility attributes. These soil attributes include pH, organic carbon (OC), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and moisture contents (MC). Three kinds of spectra fusion (SF) (spectra concatenation) approaches of MIR and XRF spectra were compared, namely, spectra fusion-Partial least square (SF-PLS), spectra fusion-Sequential Orthogonalized Partial least square (SF-SOPLS) and spectra fusion-Variable Importance Projection-Sequential Orthogonalized Partial least square (SF-VIP-SOPLS). Furthermore, the performance of SF models was compared with the developed single sensor model (based on individual spectra of MIR and XRF). Compared with the results obtained from single sensor model, SF models showed improvement in the prediction performance for all studied attributes, except for OC, Mg, and K prediction. More specifically, the highest improvement was observed with SF-SOPLS model for pH [R2p = 0.90, root mean square error prediction (RMSEP) = 0.15, residual prediction deviation (RPD) = 3.30, and ratio of performance inter-quantile (RPIQ) = 3.59], successively followed by P (R2p = 0.91, RMSEP = 4.45 mg/100 g, RPD = 3.53, and RPIQ = 4.90), Ca (R2p = 0.92, RMSEP = 177.11 mg/100 g, RPD = 3.66, and RPIQ = 3.22) and MC (R2p = 0.80, RMSEP = 1.91%, RPD = 2.31, RPIQ = 2.62). Overall the study concluded that SF approach with SOPLS attained better performance over the traditional model developed with the single sensor spectra, hence, SF is recommended as the best SF method for improving the prediction accuracy of studied soil attributes. Moreover, the multi-sensor spectra fusion approach is not limited for only MIR and XRF data but in general can be extended for complementary information fusion in order to improve the model performance in precision agriculture (PA) applications.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Spectroscopy", " Near-Infrared", "soil fertility", "Chemical technology", "X-Rays", "sequential orthogonalized partial least square (SOPLS)", "Agriculture", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "precision agriculture (PA)", "Article", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "spectra fusion (SF)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "multi-sensor", "Least-Squares Analysis", "precision agriculture (PA); multi-sensor; spectra fusion (SF); sequential orthogonalized partial least square (SOPLS); soil fertility"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3459/pdf"}, {"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10451/59993/1/Kandpal%20et%20al%202022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3459/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10451/59993"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10451/59993", "name": "item", "description": "10451/59993", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10451/59993"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10468/11549", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-26", "title": "Advanced Solid State Nano-electrochemical Sensors and System for Agri 4.0 Applications", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Global food production needs to increase in order to meet the demands of an ever growing population. As resources are finite, the most feasible way to meet this demand is to minimize losses and improving efficiency. Regular monitoring of factors like animal health, soil and water quality for example, can ensure that the resources are being used to their maximum efficiency. Existing monitoring techniques however have limitations, such as portability, turnaround time and requirement for additional reagents. In this work, we explore the use of micro and nano scale electrode devices, for the development of electrochemical sensing platform to digitalize a wide range of applications within the Agri-food sector. With this platform, we demonstrate the direct electrochemical detection of pesticides, specifically clothianidin and imidacloprid with detection limits of 0.22 ng/mL and 2.14 ng/mL respectively, and nitrates with a detection limit of 0.2 \u00b5M. In addition, interdigitated electrode structures also enable an in-situ pH control technique to mitigate pH as an interference and modify analyte response. This technique is applied to the analysis of monochloramine, a common water disinfectant. Concerning biosensing, the sensors are modified with biomolecular probes for the detection of both bovine viral diarrhea virus particles and antibodies, over a range of 1 ng/mL to 10 \u00b5g/mL. Finally, a portable analogue front end electronic reader is developed to allow portable sensing, with control and readout undertaken using a smart phone application. Finally, the sensor chip platform is integrated with these electronics to provide a fully functional end-to-end smart sensor system compatible with emerging AgriFood digital decision support tools.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Ph control", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Electrochemical sensors", "Pesticides", "virus detection", "agriculture", "Virus detection", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "nitrates", "Chemical technology", "pH control", "electrochemical sensors", "Agriculture", "pesticides", "biosensors", "6. Clean water", "0104 chemical sciences", "Nanosensors", "Biosensors", "0210 nano-technology", "nanosensors"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3149/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10468/11549"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10468/11549", "name": "item", "description": "10468/11549", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10468/11549"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10550/91715", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-09", "title": "Stability of Superhydrophobicity and Structure of PVDF Membranes Treated by Vacuum Oxygen Plasma and Organofluorosilanisation", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Superhydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were obtained by a surface treatment consisting of oxygen plasma activation followed by functionalisation with a mixture of silica precursor (SiP) (tetraethyl-orthosilicate [TEOS] or 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propylamine [APTES]) and a fluoroalkylsilane (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane), and were benchmarked with coated membranes without plasma activation. The modifications acted mainly on the surface, and the bulk properties remained stable. From a statistical design of experiments on surface hydrophobicity, the type of SiP was the most relevant factor, achieving the highest water contact angles (WCA) with the use of APTES, with a maximum WCA higher than 155\u00b0 for membranes activated at a plasma power discharge of 15 W during 15 min, without membrane degradation. Morphological changes were observed on the membrane surfaces treated under these plasma conditions, showing a pillar-like structure with higher surface porosity. In long-term stability tests under moderate water flux conditions, the WCA of coated membranes which were not activated by oxygen plasma decreased to approximately 120\u00b0 after the first 24 h (similar to the pristine membrane), whilst the WCA of plasma-treated membranes was maintained around 130\u00b0 after 160 h. Thus, plasma pre-treatment led to membranes with a superhydrophobic performance and kept a higher hydrophobicity after long-term operations.</p></article>", "keywords": ["qu\u00edmica", "polyvinylidene fluoride", "Chemical technology", "UNESCO::QU\u00cdMICA", "oxygen plasma", "TP1-1185", "Article", "membrane stability", "functionalisation", "functionalisation; membrane stability; polymeric membrane; polyvinylidene fluoride; oxygen plasma; superhydrophobicity", "Chemical engineering", "polymeric membrane", "TP155-156", "superhydrophobicity"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/3/314/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10550/91715"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Membranes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10550/91715", "name": "item", "description": "10550/91715", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10550/91715"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2802490864", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-08", "title": "Investigation of the Use of a Bio-Derived Solvent for Non-Solvent-Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) Fabrication of Polysulfone Membranes", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Organic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc), have been traditionally used to fabricate polymeric membranes. These solvents may have a negative impact on the environment and human health; therefore, using renewable solvents derived from biomass is of great interest to make membrane fabrication sustainable. Methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate (Rhodiasolv PolarClean) is a bio-derived, biodegradable, nonflammable and nonvolatile solvent. Polysulfone is a commonly used polymer to fabricate membranes due to its thermal stability, strong mechanical strength and good chemical resistance. From cloud point curves, PolarClean showed potential to be a solvent for polysulfone. Membranes prepared with PolarClean were investigated in terms of their morphology, porosity, water permeability and protein rejection, and were compared to membranes prepared with traditional solvents. The pores of polysulfone/PolarClean membranes were sponge-like, and the membranes displayed higher water flux values (176.0 \u00b1 8.8 LMH) along with slightly higher solute rejection (99.0 \u00b1 0.51%). On the other hand, PSf/DMAc membrane pores were finger-like with lower water flux (63.1 \u00b1 12.4 LMH) and slightly lower solute rejection (96 \u00b1 2.00%) when compared to PSf/PolarClean membranes.</p></article>", "keywords": ["membrane synthesis", "Chemical technology", "bio-derived solvent; non-solvent induced phase separation; membrane synthesis", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "0104 chemical sciences", "non-solvent induced phase separation", "Chemical engineering", "13. Climate action", "TP155-156", "0210 nano-technology", "bio-derived solvent"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/8/2/23/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2802490864"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Membranes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2802490864", "name": "item", "description": "2802490864", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2802490864"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2867552234", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-12", "title": "Biosensing System for Concentration Quantification of Magnetically Labeled E. coli in Water Samples", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Bacterial contamination of water sources (e.g., lakes, rivers and springs) from waterborne bacteria is a crucial water safety issue and its prevention is of the utmost significance since it threatens the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock, and human populations and can lead to serious illness and even death. Rapid and multiplexed measurement of such waterborne pathogens is vital and the challenge is to instantly detect in these liquid samples different types of pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we propose a biosensing system in which the bacteria are labelled with streptavidin coated magnetic markers (MPs\u2014magnetic particles) forming compounds (MLBs\u2014magnetically labelled bacteria). Video microscopy in combination with a particle tracking software are used for their detection and quantification. When the liquid containing the MLBs is introduced into the developed, microfluidic platform, the MLBs are accelerated towards the outlet by means of a magnetic field gradient generated by integrated microconductors, which are sequentially switched ON and OFF by a microcontroller. The velocities of the MLBs and that of reference MPs, suspended in the same liquid in a parallel reference microfluidic channel, are calculated and compared in real time by a digital camera mounted on a conventional optical microscope in combination with a particle trajectory tracking software. The MLBs will be slower than the reference MPs due to the enhanced Stokes\u2019 drag force exerted on them, resulting from their greater volume and altered hydrodynamic shape. The results of the investigation showed that the parameters obtained from this method emerged as reliable predictors for E. coli concentrations.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "magnetophoresis", "magnetic microparticles", "Chemical technology", "magnetic labeling", "Microfluidics", "TP1-1185", "Biosensing Techniques", "Article", "6. Clean water", "particle tracking", "Magnetics", "03 medical and health sciences", "bacteria quantification", "13. Climate action", "Escherichia coli", "biosensing", "Water Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2250/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2867552234"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2867552234", "name": "item", "description": "2867552234", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2867552234"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1854/LU-01HGJD6DQK17V1TCWPYZC7YGH8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-22", "title": "Using Science and Technology to Unveil The Hidden Delicacy Terfezia arenaria, a Desert Truffle", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Terfezia arenaria is a desert truffle native to the Mediterranean Basin region, highly appreciated for its nutritional and aromatic properties. Despite the increasing interest in this desert truffle, T. arenaria is not listed as an edible truffle authorized for trade in the European Union. Therefore, our objective was to showcase T. arenaria\u2019s nutritional and chemical composition and volatile profile. The nutritional analysis showed that T. arenaria is a good source of carbohydrates (67%), proteins (14%), and dietary fibre (10%), resulting in a Nutri-Score A. The truffle\u2019s volatile profile was dominated by eight-carbon volatile compounds, with 1-octen-3-ol being the most abundant (64%), and 29 compounds were reported for the first time for T. arenaria. T. arenaria\u2019s nutritional and chemical compositions were similar to those of four commercial mushroom and truffle species, while the aromatic profile was not. An electronic nose corroborated that T. arenaria\u2018s aromatic profile differs from that of the other four tested mushroom and truffle species. Our data showed that T. arenaria is a valuable food resource with a unique aroma and an analogous composition to meat, which makes it an ideal source for plant-based meat products. Our findings could help promote a sustainable future exploitation of T. arenaria and ensure the quality and authenticity of this delicacy.</p></article>", "keywords": ["electronic nose", "mushrooms and truffles", "plant-based meat", "nutritional composition", "CLAVERYI", "MUSHROOMS", "Chemical technology", "ELECTRONIC NOSE", "FOOD SECURITY", "Biology and Life Sciences", "IN-VITRO", "TP1-1185", "VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS", "NUTRITIONAL-VALUE", "CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION", "PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS", "desert truffles", "Article", "volatile organic compounds", "GC-MS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10451/59752/1/Ferreira%20et%20al%202023_Foods.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/19/3527/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-01HGJD6DQK17V1TCWPYZC7YGH8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Foods", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-01HGJD6DQK17V1TCWPYZC7YGH8", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-01HGJD6DQK17V1TCWPYZC7YGH8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-01HGJD6DQK17V1TCWPYZC7YGH8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1854/LU-8664006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-04", "title": "MRI Reconstruction Using Markov Random Field and Total Variation as Composite Prior", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Reconstruction of magnetic resonance images (MRI) benefits from incorporating a priori knowledge about statistical dependencies among the representation coefficients. Recent results demonstrate that modeling intraband dependencies with Markov Random Field (MRF) models enable superior reconstructions compared to inter-scale models. In this paper, we develop a novel reconstruction method, which includes a composite prior based on an MRF model and Total Variation (TV). We use an anisotropic MRF model and propose an original data-driven method for the adaptive estimation of its parameters. From a Bayesian perspective, we define a new position-dependent type of regularization and derive a compact reconstruction algorithm with a novel soft-thresholding rule. Experimental results show the effectiveness of this method compared to the state of the art in the field.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Technology and Engineering", "Markov random field", "LORAKS", "Chemical technology", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "image reconstruction", "Article", "NETWORKS", "magnetic resonance imaging; Markov random field; image reconstruction", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "magnetic resonance imaging", "MAGE-RECONSTRUCTION"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3185/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-8664006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-8664006", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-8664006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-8664006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1854/LU-8709527", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-25", "title": "Towards the Development and Verification of a 3D-Based Advanced Optimized Farm Machinery Trajectory Algorithm", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Efforts related to minimizing the environmental burden caused by agricultural activities and increasing economic efficiency are key contemporary drivers in the precision agriculture domain. Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) techniques are being applied against soil compaction creation, using the on-line optimization of trajectory planning for soil-sensitive field operations. The research presented in this paper aims at a proof-of-concept solution with respect to optimizing farm machinery trajectories in order to minimize the environmental burden and increase economic efficiency. As such, it further advances existing CTF solutions by including (1) efficient plot divisions in 3D, (2) the optimization of entry and exit points of both plot and plot segments, (3) the employment of more machines in parallel and (4) obstacles in a farm machinery trajectory. The developed algorithm is expressed in terms of unified modeling language (UML) activity diagrams as well as pseudo-code. Results were visualized in 2D and 3D to demonstrate terrain impact. Verifications were conducted at a fully operational commercial farm (Rost\u011bnice, the Czech Republic) against second-by-second sensor measurements of real farm machinery trajectories.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Technology and Engineering", "controlled traffic farming", "Chemical technology", "mission planning", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biochemistry", "Article", "Analytical Chemistry", "soil compaction", "Atomic and Molecular Physics", "digital elevation model", "AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "and Optics", "coverage path planning", "controlled traffic farming; coverage path planning; digital elevation model; mission planning; soil compaction"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2980/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2980/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-8709527"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-8709527", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-8709527", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-8709527"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2160/0069afd7-a0c3-4bc2-aff8-aae8953cfc0d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-02", "title": "Machine Learning-Based Harvest Date Detection and Prediction Using SAR Data for the Vojvodina Region (Serbia)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Information on the harvest date of crops can help with logistics management in the agricultural industry, planning machinery operations and also with yield prediction modelling. In this study, the determination and prediction of harvest dates for different crops were performed by applying machine learning techniques on C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Ground truth data were provided for the Vojvodina region (Serbia), an area with intensive agricultural production, considering winter wheat, maize and soybean fields with exact harvest dates, for the period 2017\u20132020, including 592 samples in total. Data from the Sentinel-1 satellite were used in the study. Time series of backscattering coefficients for vertical\u2013horizontal (VH) and vertical\u2013vertical (VV) polarisations, both from ascending and descending orbits, were collected from Google Earth Engine. Clustering of harvested and unharvested fields was performed with Principal Component Analysis, multidimensional scaling and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding, for initial cluster visualization. It is shown that the separability of unharvested and harvested data in two-dimensional space does not depend on the selected method but more on the crop itself. Support Vector Machine and Multi-layer Perceptron were used as classification algorithms for harvest detection, with the former achieving higher accuracies of 79.65% for wheat, 83.41% for maize and 95.97% for soybean. Finally, regression models were developed for the prediction of the harvest date using Random Forest and the long short-term memory network, with the latter achieving better results: an R2 score of 0.72, mean absolute error of 6.80 days and root mean squared error of 9.25 days, for all crops considered together.</p></article>", "keywords": ["machine learning", "agricultural production", "Chemical technology", "Sentinel-1", "NDC 2 - Dim Newyn", "TP1-1185", "harvest dates", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "Google Earth Engine", "Article", "SAR"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2239/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2160/0069afd7-a0c3-4bc2-aff8-aae8953cfc0d"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2160/0069afd7-a0c3-4bc2-aff8-aae8953cfc0d", "name": "item", "description": "2160/0069afd7-a0c3-4bc2-aff8-aae8953cfc0d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2160/0069afd7-a0c3-4bc2-aff8-aae8953cfc0d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21645685", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-21", "title": "Development of a solvent-free method for the simultaneous identification/quantification of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in environmental water by LC\u2013MS/MS", "description": "This work details a rapid analytical method using direct sample injection for the simultaneous identification/quantification of 22 drugs of abuse, including some of their major metabolites, in environmental samples. This has been developed using a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap-mass spectrometer (QqLIT). With the increasing sensitivity of today's tandem mass spectrometers, direct injection analysis of water samples has become an attractive alternative to traditional analytical protocols, which often include a preliminary pre-concentration step. What's more, this kind of analysis is in accordance with many of the main objectives of so-called green analytical chemistry, or environmentally friendly practice. The analytical performance of the LC-MS/MS method was evaluated in three different water matrices (surface water, influent and effluent wastewater). Data acquisition was carried out in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode under time-scheduled conditions, monitoring two SRM transitions for simultaneous identification/quantification of all target compounds in the samples. Additionally, an experiment was performed using the information-dependent acquisition (IDA) scan to carry out the identification of those analytes for which the second transition was present at a low intensity. Finally, the two methodologies developed were applied to real samples for evaluation.", "keywords": ["Illicit Drugs", "Tandem Mass Spectrometry", "Solid Phase Extraction", "TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "Environmental Pollutants", "TP Chemical technology", "01 natural sciences", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "6. Clean water", "Chromatography", " Liquid", "Environmental Monitoring", "0104 chemical sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/21645685"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Talanta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21645685", "name": "item", "description": "21645685", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21645685"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164696521", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-25", "title": "Solid State pH Sensor Based on Light Emitting Diodes (LED) As Detector Platform", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>A low-power, high sensitivity, very low-cost light emitting diode (LED)-baseddevice developed for low-cost sensor networks was modified with bromocresol greenmembrane to work as a solid-state pH sensor. In this approach, a reverse-biased LEDfunctioning as a photodiode is coupled with a second LED configured in conventionalemission mode. A simple timer circuit measures how long (in microsecond) it takes for thephotocurrent generated on the detector LED to discharge its capacitance from logic 1 ( 5 V)to logic 0 ( 1.7 V). The entire instrument provides an inherently digital output of lightintensity measurements for a few cents. A light dependent resistor (LDR) modified withsimilar sensor membrane was also used as a comparison method. Both the LED sensor andthe LDR sensor responded to various pH buffer solutions in a similar way to obtainsigmoidal curves expected of the dye. The pKa value obtained for the sensors was found toagree with the literature value.</p></article>", "keywords": ["670", "ph", "led", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "solid-state pH sensor", "state", "platform", "Engineering", "sensor", "Physical Sciences and Mathematics", "emitting", "detector", "Chemical technology", "diodes", "colorimetric sensor", "pH sensing", "light dependent resistor.", "light emitting diode", "0104 chemical sciences", "optical sensing", "solid", "light", "0210 nano-technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/6/8/848/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164696521"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164696521", "name": "item", "description": "2164696521", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164696521"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2592687333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-09", "title": "Humidity Sensing Properties of Paper Substrates and Their Passivation with ZnO Nanoparticles for Sensor Applications", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this paper, we investigated the effect of humidity on paper substrates and propose a simple and low-cost method for their passivation using ZnO nanoparticles. To this end, we built paper-based microdevices based on an interdigitated electrode (IDE) configuration by means of a mask-less laser patterning method on simple commercial printing papers. Initial resistive measurements indicate that a paper substrate with a porous surface can be used as a cost-effective, sensitive and disposable humidity sensor in the 20% to 70% relative humidity (RH) range. Successive spin-coated layers of ZnO nanoparticles then, control the effect of humidity. Using this approach, the sensors become passive to relative humidity changes, paving the way to the development of ZnO-based gas sensors on paper substrates insensitive to humidity.</p></article>", "keywords": ["paper substrate", "disposable sensors", "ZnO nanoparticles", "Chemical technology", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "humidity passivation; paper substrate; ZnO nanoparticles; disposable sensors", "Article", "humidity passivation"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/516/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2592687333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2592687333", "name": "item", "description": "2592687333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2592687333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2607489812", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-18", "title": "Microfluidic EBG Sensor Based on Phase-Shift Method Realized Using 3D Printing Technology", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this article, we propose a novel microfluidic microstrip electromagnetic band gap (EBG) sensor realized using cost-effective 3D printing technology. Microstrip sensor allows monitoring of the fluid properties flowing in the microchannel embedded between the microstrip line and ground plane. The sensor\u2019s operating principle is based on the phase-shift method, which allows the characterization at a single operating frequency of 6 GHz. The defected electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is realized as a pattern in the microstrip ground plane to improve sensor sensitivity. The designed microfluidic channel is fabricated using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing process without additional supporting layers, while the conductive layers are realized using sticky aluminium tape. The measurement results show that the change of permittivity of the fluid in the microfluidic channel from 1 to 80 results in the phase-shift difference of almost 90\u00b0. The potential application is demonstrated through the implementation of a proposed sensor for the detection of toluene concentration in toluene\u2013methanol mixture where various concentrations of toluene were analysed.</p></article>", "keywords": ["fused deposition modelling (FDM)", "electromagnetic band gap (EBG)", "Chemical technology", "microfluidics", "phase-shift method", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "microstrip sensor; electromagnetic band gap (EBG); microfluidics; 3D printing; fused deposition modelling (FDM); phase-shift method", "microstrip sensor", "3D printing", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/4/892/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2607489812"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2607489812", "name": "item", "description": "2607489812", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2607489812"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2747196278", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-28", "title": "Synergetic Use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data for Soil Moisture Mapping at 100 m Resolution", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The recent deployment of ESA\u2019s Sentinel operational satellites has established a new paradigm for remote sensing applications. In this context, Sentinel-1 radar images have made it possible to retrieve surface soil moisture with a high spatial and temporal resolution. This paper presents two methodologies for the retrieval of soil moisture from remotely-sensed SAR images, with a spatial resolution of 100 m. These algorithms are based on the interpretation of Sentinel-1 data recorded in the VV polarization, which is combined with Sentinel-2 optical data for the analysis of vegetation effects over a site in Urgell (Catalunya, Spain). The first algorithm has already been applied to observations in West Africa by Zribi et al., 2008, using low spatial resolution ERS scatterometer data, and is based on change detection approach. In the present study, this approach is applied to Sentinel-1 data and optimizes the inversion process by taking advantage of the high repeat frequency of the Sentinel observations. The second algorithm relies on a new method, based on the difference between backscattered Sentinel-1 radar signals observed on two consecutive days, expressed as a function of NDVI optical index. Both methods are applied to almost 1.5 years of satellite data (July 2015\u2013November 2016), and are validated using field data acquired at a study site. This leads to an RMS error in volumetric moisture of approximately 0.087 m3/m3 and 0.059 m3/m3 for the first and second methods, respectively. No site calibrations are needed with these techniques, and they can be applied to any vegetation-covered area for which time series of SAR data have been recorded.</p></article>", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "NDVI", "Chemical technology", "HUMIDITE DU SOL", "soil moisture; SAR; Sentinel-1; NDVI; Sentinel-2; change detection", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "soil water content", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "remote sensing", "Sentinel-1", "cartography", "soil moisture", "Sentinel-2", "TELEDETECTION", "change detection", "CARTOGRAPHIE", "SAR", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/9/1966/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2747196278"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2747196278", "name": "item", "description": "2747196278", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2747196278"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2742380607", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-11", "title": "Fabrication and Characterization of Flexible and Miniaturized Humidity Sensors Using Screen-Printed TiO2 Nanoparticles as Sensitive Layer", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This paper describes the fabrication and the characterization of an original example of a miniaturized resistive-type humidity sensor, printed on flexible substrate in a large-scale manner. The fabrication process involves laser ablation for the design of interdigitated electrodes on PET (Poly-Ethylene Terephthalate) substrate and a screen-printing process for the deposition of the sensitive material, which is based on TiO2 nanoparticles. The laser ablation process was carefully optimized to obtain micro-scale and well-resolved electrodes on PET substrate. A functional paste based on cellulose was prepared in order to allow the precise screen-printing of the TiO2 nanoparticles as sensing material on the top of the electrodes. The current against voltage (I\u2013V) characteristic of the sensor showed good linearity and potential for low-power operation. The results of a humidity-sensing investigation and mechanical testing showed that the fabricated miniaturized sensors have excellent mechanical stability, sensing characteristics, good repeatability, and relatively fast response/recovery times operating at room temperature.</p></article>", "keywords": ["flexible substrate", "Chemical technology", "laser ablation", "humidity sensors", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "TiO2 nanoparticles", "screen-printing", "humidity sensors; flexible substrate; TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles; screen-printing; laser ablation", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/8/1854/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2742380607"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2742380607", "name": "item", "description": "2742380607", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2742380607"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2768681626", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-24", "title": "A Microwave Microfluidic Sensor Based on a Dual-Mode Resonator for Dual-Sensing Applications", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this paper, we propose a novel microwave microfluidic sensor with dual-sensing capability. The sensor is based on a dual-mode resonator that consists of a folded microstrip line loaded with interdigital lines and a stub at the plane of symmetry. Due to the specific configuration, the resonator exhibits two entirely independent resonant modes, which allows simultaneous sensing of two fluids using a resonance shift method. The sensor is designed in a multilayer configuration with the proposed resonator and two separated microfluidic channels\u2014one intertwined with the interdigital lines and the other positioned below the stub. The circuit has been fabricated using low-temperature co-fired ceramics technology and its performance was verified through the measurement of its responses for different fluids in the microfluidic channels. The results confirm the dual-sensing capability with zero mutual influence as well as good overall performance. Besides an excellent potential for dual-sensing applications, the proposed sensor is a good candidate for application in mixing fluids and cell counting.</p></article>", "keywords": ["dual-mode resonator", "Chemical technology", "microwave sensor", "microfluidics", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "low-temperature co-fired ceramics", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "0104 chemical sciences", "microwave sensor; dual-mode resonator; microstrip; microfluidics; low-temperature co-fired ceramics", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "microstrip"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/12/2713/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/12/2713/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2768681626"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2768681626", "name": "item", "description": "2768681626", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2768681626"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2794079422", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-22", "title": "Multiple Fano-Like MIM Plasmonic Structure Based on Triangular Resonator for Refractive Index Sensing", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this paper, we present a Fano metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure based on an isosceles triangular cavity resonator for refractive index sensing applications. Due to the specific feeding scheme and asymmetry introduced in the triangular cavity, the resonator exhibits four sharp Fano-like resonances. The behavior of the structure is analyzed in detail and its sensing capabilities demonstrated through the responses for various refractive indices. The results show that the sensor has very good sensitivity and maximal figure of merit (FOM) value of 3.2 \u00d7 105. In comparison to other similar sensors, the proposed one has comparable sensitivity and significantly higher FOM, which clearly demonstrates its high sensing potential.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Plasmonic sensor", "metal-insulator-metal", "Metal-insulator-metal", "triangular cavity", "Chemical technology", "0103 physical sciences", "Fano resonance; metal-insulator-metal; plasmonic sensor; triangular cavity", "Fano resonance", "TP1-1185", "Triangular cavity", "plasmonic sensor", "01 natural sciences", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/287/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/287/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2794079422"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2794079422", "name": "item", "description": "2794079422", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2794079422"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2983695680", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:27:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-08", "title": "Deployment and Verifications of the Spatial Filtering of Data Measured by Field Harvesters and Methods of Their Interpolation: Czech Cereal Fields between 2014 and 2018", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Yield mapping is a subject of research in (precision) agriculture and one of the primary concerns for farmers as it forms the basis of their income and has implications for subsidies and taxes. The presented approach involves deployment of field harvesters equipped with sensors that provide more detailed and spatially localized values than merely a sum of yields for the whole plot. The measurements from such sensors need to be filtered and subject to further processing, including interpolation, to facilitate follow-up interpretation. This paper aims to identify the relative differences between interpolations from (1) (field) measured data, (2) measured data that were globally filtered, and (3) measured data that were globally and locally filtered. All the measured data were obtained at a fully operational farm and are considered to represent a natural experiment. The revealed spatial patterns and recommendations regarding global and local filtering methods are presented at the end of the paper. Time investments into filtering techniques are also taken into account.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Chemical technology", "field harvester", "sensor measurements", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "data filtering", "Article", "yield mapping", "interpolation"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4879/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4879/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2983695680"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2983695680", "name": "item", "description": "2983695680", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2983695680"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3044974791", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:27:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-24", "title": "Smart Multi-Sensor Platform for Analytics and Social Decision Support in Agriculture", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Smart agriculture based on new types of sensors, data analytics and automation, is an important enabler for optimizing yields and maximizing efficiency to feed the world\u2019s growing population while limiting environmental pollution. The aim of this paper is to describe a multi-sensor Internet of Things (IoT) system for agriculture consisting of a soil probe, an air probe and a smart data logger. The implementation details will focus of the integration element and the innovative Artificial Intelligence based gas identification sensor. Furthermore, the paper focuses on the analytics and decision support system implementation that provides farming recommendations and is enhanced with a feedback loop from farmers and a social trust index that will increase the reliability of the system.</p></article>", "keywords": ["330", "decision support system", "[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics]", "Social IoT", "Internet of Things", "TP1-1185", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "data logger", "Article", "gas sensor", "[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]", "Soil", "sensor", "Artificial Intelligence", "social feedback", "data analytics", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "Chemical technology", "Reproducibility of Results", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "0104 chemical sciences", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4127/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4127/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3044974791"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3044974791", "name": "item", "description": "3044974791", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3044974791"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3162250016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:27:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-20", "title": "Platinum-Based Interdigitated Micro-Electrode Arrays for Reagent-Free Detection of Copper", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Water is a precious resource that is under threat from a number of pressures, including, for example, release of toxic compounds, that can have damaging effect on ecology and human health. The current methods of water quality monitoring are based on sample collection and analysis at dedicated laboratories. Recently, electrochemical-based methods have attracted a lot of attention for environmental sensing owing to their versatility, sensitivity and their ease of integration with cost effective, smart and portable readout systems. In the present work, we report on the fabrication and characterization of platinum-based interdigitated microband electrodes arrays, and their application for trace detection of copper. Using square wave voltammetry after acidification with mineral acids, a limit of detection of 0.8 \u03bcg/L was achieved. Copper detection was also undertaken on river water samples and compared with standard analytical techniques. The possibility of controlling the pH at the surface of the sensors\u2014thereby avoiding the necessity to add mineral acids\u2014was investigated. By applying potentials to drive the water splitting reaction at one comb of the sensor\u2019s electrode (the protonator), it was possible to lower the pH in the vicinity of the sensing electrode. Detection of standard copper solutions down to 5 \u03bcg/L (ppb) using this technique is reported. This reagent free method of detection opens the way for autonomous, in situ monitoring of pollutants in water bodies.</p></article>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Chemical technology", "electrochemical sensors", "pH control", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "heavy metals", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "environmental monitoring", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3544/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3162250016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3162250016", "name": "item", "description": "3162250016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3162250016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3193540681", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:27:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-16", "title": "Microwave Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton-Based Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Liquid Analyte Dielectric Constant", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this paper, a microwave microfluidic sensor based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) was proposed for ultrasensitive detection of dielectric constant. A novel unit cell for the SSPP structure is proposed and its behaviour and sensing potential analysed in detail. Based on the proposed cell, the SSPP microwave structure with a microfluidic reservoir is designed as a multilayer configuration to serve as a sensing platform for liquid analytes. The sensor is realized using a combination of rapid, cost-effective technologies of xurography, laser micromachining, and cold lamination bonding, and its potential is validated in the experiments with edible oil samples. The results demonstrate high sensitivity (850 MHz/epsilon unit) and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9802) of the sensor, which, together with its low-cost and simple fabrication, make the proposed sensor an excellent candidate for the detection of small changes in the dielectric constant of edible oils and other liquid analytes.</p></article>", "keywords": ["spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP)", "edible oils", "permittivity sensing", "Chemical technology", "microwave sensor", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "Surface Plasmon Resonance", "Microwaves", "0210 nano-technology", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5477/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5477/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3193540681"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3193540681", "name": "item", "description": "3193540681", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3193540681"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "39942107", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:27:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-02-05", "title": "Chickpea-Based Milk Analogue Stabilized by Transglutaminase", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Plant-based milk substitutes are becoming increasingly popular in the food industry. Among different plant proteins, chickpea proteins (CP) offer unique qualities as good functional and nutritional properties, followed by pleasant taste. This study examines the ability of the production of o/w emulsions resembling milk analogue (3% w/w chickpea protein, 3% w/w canola oil) by using chickpea protein isolate with/without the enzyme transglutaminase (TG) (50 U/g of protein). As a reference material, commercial soymilk was used. The emulsions were characterized by particle size distribution, zeta potential, viscosity, and microstructure. The TG-crosslinked chickpea protein milk analogue demonstrated improved stability, characterized by enhanced zeta potential (\u221224.7 mV) and extended shelf life compared to chickpea protein milk analogue without TG and soymilk. Stable particle size distribution (D[3,2] 0.11\u20130.17 \u00b5m) and shear-thinning behaviour (viscosity values of 2.16 mPas at 300 1/s) additionally contributed to their stability and desirable viscosity. Overall, chickpea protein milk analogue crosslinked by TG presents a promising alternative to traditional and plant-based milk products, offering clean-label, functional, and shelf-stable formulations. The additional optimization of protein concentration and processing conditions could enhance the overall functionality even further.</p></article>", "keywords": ["transglutaminase", "shelf-life", "Chemical technology", "chickpea protein", "TP1-1185", "stability", "Article", "plant-based milk analogues"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/514/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/39942107"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Foods", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "39942107", "name": "item", "description": "39942107", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/39942107"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC10649981", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-26", "title": "Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Level of Antinutrients in Pulses: A Case Study of a Fermented Faba Bean\u2013Oat Product", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The importance of cereals and pulses in the diet is widely recognized, and consumers are seeking for ways to balance their diet with plant-based options. However, the presence of antinutritional factors reduces their nutritional value by decreasing the bioavailability of proteins and minerals. This study\u2019s aim was to select microbes and fermentation conditions to affect the nutritional value, taste, and safety of products. Single lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that reduce the levels of antinutrients in faba bean and pea were utilized in the selection of microbes for two starter mixtures. They were studied in fermentations of a faba bean\u2013oat mixture at two temperatures for 24, 48, and 72 h. The levels of antinutrients, including galacto-oligosaccharides and pyrimidine glycosides (vicine and convicine), were determined. Furthermore, a sensory evaluation of the fermented product was conducted. Fermentations with selected single strains and microbial mixtures showed a significant reduction in the content of antinutrients, and vicine and convicine decreased by up to 99.7% and 96.1%, respectively. Similarly, the oligosaccharides were almost completely degraded. Selected LAB mixtures were also shown to affect the product\u2019s sensory characteristics. Microbial consortia were shown to perform effectively in the fermentation of protein-rich materials, resulting in products with improved nutritional value and organoleptic properties.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Chemical technology", "convicine", "organoleptic properties", "TP1-1185", "630", "faba bean", "Article", "lactic acid bacteria", "vicine", "antinutrient", "galacto-oligosaccharides", "antinutrients", "fermentation", "ta119", "pulse"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC10649981"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Foods", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC10649981", "name": "item", "description": "PMC10649981", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC10649981"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11816632", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-02-05", "title": "Chickpea-Based Milk Analogue Stabilized by Transglutaminase", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Plant-based milk substitutes are becoming increasingly popular in the food industry. Among different plant proteins, chickpea proteins (CP) offer unique qualities as good functional and nutritional properties, followed by pleasant taste. This study examines the ability of the production of o/w emulsions resembling milk analogue (3% w/w chickpea protein, 3% w/w canola oil) by using chickpea protein isolate with/without the enzyme transglutaminase (TG) (50 U/g of protein). As a reference material, commercial soymilk was used. The emulsions were characterized by particle size distribution, zeta potential, viscosity, and microstructure. The TG-crosslinked chickpea protein milk analogue demonstrated improved stability, characterized by enhanced zeta potential (\u221224.7 mV) and extended shelf life compared to chickpea protein milk analogue without TG and soymilk. Stable particle size distribution (D[3,2] 0.11\u20130.17 \u00b5m) and shear-thinning behaviour (viscosity values of 2.16 mPas at 300 1/s) additionally contributed to their stability and desirable viscosity. Overall, chickpea protein milk analogue crosslinked by TG presents a promising alternative to traditional and plant-based milk products, offering clean-label, functional, and shelf-stable formulations. The additional optimization of protein concentration and processing conditions could enhance the overall functionality even further.</p></article>", "keywords": ["transglutaminase", "shelf-life", "Chemical technology", "chickpea protein", "TP1-1185", "stability", "Article", "plant-based milk analogues"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/514/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11816632"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Foods", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11816632", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11816632", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11816632"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11358988", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-08-08", "title": "Sensing with Molecularly Imprinted Membranes on Two-Dimensional Solid-Supported Substrates", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Molecularly imprinted membranes (MIMs) have been a focal research interest since 1990, representing a breakthrough in the integration of target molecules into membrane structures for cutting-edge sensing applications. This paper traces the developmental history of MIMs, elucidating the diverse methodologies employed in their preparation and characterization on two-dimensional solid-supported substrates. We then explore the principles and diverse applications of MIMs, particularly in the context of emerging technologies encompassing electrochemistry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Furthermore, we shed light on the unique features of ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) biosensors that rely on MIMs, with the notable advancements and challenges of point-of-care biochemical sensors highlighted. By providing a comprehensive overview of the latest innovations and future trajectories, this paper aims to inspire further exploration and progress in the field of MIM-driven sensing technologies.</p></article>", "keywords": ["point-of-care testing", "molecularly imprinted membranes", "ion-sensitive field-effect transistor", "Chemical technology", "biochemical sensors", "TP1-1185", "Review", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "all-solid-state", "01 natural sciences", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5119/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11358988"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11358988", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11358988", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11358988"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11476253", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-30", "title": "Assessment of the Nutritional Benefits and Aflatoxin B1 Adsorption Properties of Blackberry Seed Cold-Pressed Oil By-Product", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This study explores the potential valorization of blackberry seed oil cake (BBSOC), a by-product of cold-pressed blackberry seed oil (Rubus fruticosus L.), as a nutritionally valuable material with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) adsorption properties. The chemical and mineral composition, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity of BBSOC flour were assessed. BBSOC was found to be a significant source of fiber (62.09% dry weight) and essential minerals such as Fe (123.48 mg/kg), Mg (1281.40 mg/kg), K (3087.61 mg/kg), and Ca (1568.41 mg/kg). The high polyphenol content, especially ellagic acid, highlighted its biologically active potential. Moreover, BBSOC demonstrated effective biosorption of AFB1 under in vitro conditions at 37 \u00b0C, with adsorption efficiencies of 85.36% and 87.01% at pH 3 and 7, respectively. Characterization techniques including SEM, FTIR analysis, Boehm titration, and pH zero charge determination confirmed its AFB1 adsorbing properties. This valorization process reintroduces a secondary product into the food chain, supporting the circular economy and zero-waste concepts. Thus, BBSOC is nutritionally rich and effective in AFB1 biosorption, presenting potential applications as a food or feed additive.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Chemical technology", "nutritional quality", "aflatoxin B1-adsorbing properties", "TP1-1185", "blackberry seed cold-pressed oil cake", "Article", "mineral composition", "biosorbents characterization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11476253"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Foods", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11476253", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11476253", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11476253"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11990955", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-02", "title": "Machine Learning-Based Harvest Date Detection and Prediction Using SAR Data for the Vojvodina Region (Serbia)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Information on the harvest date of crops can help with logistics management in the agricultural industry, planning machinery operations and also with yield prediction modelling. In this study, the determination and prediction of harvest dates for different crops were performed by applying machine learning techniques on C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Ground truth data were provided for the Vojvodina region (Serbia), an area with intensive agricultural production, considering winter wheat, maize and soybean fields with exact harvest dates, for the period 2017\u20132020, including 592 samples in total. Data from the Sentinel-1 satellite were used in the study. Time series of backscattering coefficients for vertical\u2013horizontal (VH) and vertical\u2013vertical (VV) polarisations, both from ascending and descending orbits, were collected from Google Earth Engine. Clustering of harvested and unharvested fields was performed with Principal Component Analysis, multidimensional scaling and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding, for initial cluster visualization. It is shown that the separability of unharvested and harvested data in two-dimensional space does not depend on the selected method but more on the crop itself. Support Vector Machine and Multi-layer Perceptron were used as classification algorithms for harvest detection, with the former achieving higher accuracies of 79.65% for wheat, 83.41% for maize and 95.97% for soybean. Finally, regression models were developed for the prediction of the harvest date using Random Forest and the long short-term memory network, with the latter achieving better results: an R2 score of 0.72, mean absolute error of 6.80 days and root mean squared error of 9.25 days, for all crops considered together.</p></article>", "keywords": ["machine learning", "agricultural production", "Chemical technology", "Sentinel-1", "TP1-1185", "harvest dates", "Google Earth Engine", "Article", "SAR"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2239/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11990955"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11990955", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11990955", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11990955"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC5375802", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-09", "title": "Humidity Sensing Properties of Paper Substrates and Their Passivation with ZnO Nanoparticles for Sensor Applications", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this paper, we investigated the effect of humidity on paper substrates and propose a simple and low-cost method for their passivation using ZnO nanoparticles. To this end, we built paper-based microdevices based on an interdigitated electrode (IDE) configuration by means of a mask-less laser patterning method on simple commercial printing papers. Initial resistive measurements indicate that a paper substrate with a porous surface can be used as a cost-effective, sensitive and disposable humidity sensor in the 20% to 70% relative humidity (RH) range. Successive spin-coated layers of ZnO nanoparticles then, control the effect of humidity. Using this approach, the sensors become passive to relative humidity changes, paving the way to the development of ZnO-based gas sensors on paper substrates insensitive to humidity.</p></article>", "keywords": ["paper substrate", "disposable sensors", "ZnO nanoparticles", "Chemical technology", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "humidity passivation; paper substrate; ZnO nanoparticles; disposable sensors", "Article", "humidity passivation"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/516/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC5375802"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC5375802", "name": "item", "description": "PMC5375802", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC5375802"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC5426542", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-18", "title": "Microfluidic EBG Sensor Based on Phase-Shift Method Realized Using 3D Printing Technology", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this article, we propose a novel microfluidic microstrip electromagnetic band gap (EBG) sensor realized using cost-effective 3D printing technology. Microstrip sensor allows monitoring of the fluid properties flowing in the microchannel embedded between the microstrip line and ground plane. The sensor\u2019s operating principle is based on the phase-shift method, which allows the characterization at a single operating frequency of 6 GHz. The defected electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is realized as a pattern in the microstrip ground plane to improve sensor sensitivity. The designed microfluidic channel is fabricated using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing process without additional supporting layers, while the conductive layers are realized using sticky aluminium tape. The measurement results show that the change of permittivity of the fluid in the microfluidic channel from 1 to 80 results in the phase-shift difference of almost 90\u00b0. The potential application is demonstrated through the implementation of a proposed sensor for the detection of toluene concentration in toluene\u2013methanol mixture where various concentrations of toluene were analysed.</p></article>", "keywords": ["fused deposition modelling (FDM)", "electromagnetic band gap (EBG)", "Chemical technology", "microfluidics", "phase-shift method", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "microstrip sensor; electromagnetic band gap (EBG); microfluidics; 3D printing; fused deposition modelling (FDM); phase-shift method", "microstrip sensor", "3D printing", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/4/892/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC5426542"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC5426542", "name": "item", "description": "PMC5426542", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC5426542"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC5621168", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-28", "title": "Synergetic Use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data for Soil Moisture Mapping at 100 m Resolution", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The recent deployment of ESA\u2019s Sentinel operational satellites has established a new paradigm for remote sensing applications. In this context, Sentinel-1 radar images have made it possible to retrieve surface soil moisture with a high spatial and temporal resolution. This paper presents two methodologies for the retrieval of soil moisture from remotely-sensed SAR images, with a spatial resolution of 100 m. These algorithms are based on the interpretation of Sentinel-1 data recorded in the VV polarization, which is combined with Sentinel-2 optical data for the analysis of vegetation effects over a site in Urgell (Catalunya, Spain). The first algorithm has already been applied to observations in West Africa by Zribi et al., 2008, using low spatial resolution ERS scatterometer data, and is based on change detection approach. In the present study, this approach is applied to Sentinel-1 data and optimizes the inversion process by taking advantage of the high repeat frequency of the Sentinel observations. The second algorithm relies on a new method, based on the difference between backscattered Sentinel-1 radar signals observed on two consecutive days, expressed as a function of NDVI optical index. Both methods are applied to almost 1.5 years of satellite data (July 2015\u2013November 2016), and are validated using field data acquired at a study site. This leads to an RMS error in volumetric moisture of approximately 0.087 m3/m3 and 0.059 m3/m3 for the first and second methods, respectively. No site calibrations are needed with these techniques, and they can be applied to any vegetation-covered area for which time series of SAR data have been recorded.</p></article>", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "NDVI", "Chemical technology", "HUMIDITE DU SOL", "soil moisture; SAR; Sentinel-1; NDVI; Sentinel-2; change detection", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "soil water content", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "remote sensing", "Sentinel-1", "cartography", "soil moisture", "Sentinel-2", "TELEDETECTION", "change detection", "CARTOGRAPHIE", "SAR", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/9/1966/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC5621168"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC5621168", "name": "item", "description": "PMC5621168", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC5621168"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC5750723", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-24", "title": "A Microwave Microfluidic Sensor Based on a Dual-Mode Resonator for Dual-Sensing Applications", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this paper, we propose a novel microwave microfluidic sensor with dual-sensing capability. The sensor is based on a dual-mode resonator that consists of a folded microstrip line loaded with interdigital lines and a stub at the plane of symmetry. Due to the specific configuration, the resonator exhibits two entirely independent resonant modes, which allows simultaneous sensing of two fluids using a resonance shift method. The sensor is designed in a multilayer configuration with the proposed resonator and two separated microfluidic channels\u2014one intertwined with the interdigital lines and the other positioned below the stub. The circuit has been fabricated using low-temperature co-fired ceramics technology and its performance was verified through the measurement of its responses for different fluids in the microfluidic channels. The results confirm the dual-sensing capability with zero mutual influence as well as good overall performance. Besides an excellent potential for dual-sensing applications, the proposed sensor is a good candidate for application in mixing fluids and cell counting.</p></article>", "keywords": ["dual-mode resonator", "Chemical technology", "microwave sensor", "microfluidics", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "low-temperature co-fired ceramics", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "0104 chemical sciences", "microwave sensor; dual-mode resonator; microstrip; microfluidics; low-temperature co-fired ceramics", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "microstrip"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/12/2713/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/12/2713/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC5750723"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC5750723", "name": "item", "description": "PMC5750723", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC5750723"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC5795807", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-22", "title": "Multiple Fano-Like MIM Plasmonic Structure Based on Triangular Resonator for Refractive Index Sensing", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this paper, we present a Fano metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure based on an isosceles triangular cavity resonator for refractive index sensing applications. Due to the specific feeding scheme and asymmetry introduced in the triangular cavity, the resonator exhibits four sharp Fano-like resonances. The behavior of the structure is analyzed in detail and its sensing capabilities demonstrated through the responses for various refractive indices. The results show that the sensor has very good sensitivity and maximal figure of merit (FOM) value of 3.2 \u00d7 105. In comparison to other similar sensors, the proposed one has comparable sensitivity and significantly higher FOM, which clearly demonstrates its high sensing potential.</p></article>", "keywords": ["metal-insulator-metal", "triangular cavity", "Chemical technology", "0103 physical sciences", "Fano resonance; metal-insulator-metal; plasmonic sensor; triangular cavity", "Fano resonance", "TP1-1185", "plasmonic sensor", "01 natural sciences", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/287/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/287/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC5795807"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC5795807", "name": "item", "description": "PMC5795807", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC5795807"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC6026890", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-08", "title": "Investigation of the Use of a Bio-Derived Solvent for Non-Solvent-Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) Fabrication of Polysulfone Membranes", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Organic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc), have been traditionally used to fabricate polymeric membranes. These solvents may have a negative impact on the environment and human health; therefore, using renewable solvents derived from biomass is of great interest to make membrane fabrication sustainable. Methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate (Rhodiasolv PolarClean) is a bio-derived, biodegradable, nonflammable and nonvolatile solvent. Polysulfone is a commonly used polymer to fabricate membranes due to its thermal stability, strong mechanical strength and good chemical resistance. From cloud point curves, PolarClean showed potential to be a solvent for polysulfone. Membranes prepared with PolarClean were investigated in terms of their morphology, porosity, water permeability and protein rejection, and were compared to membranes prepared with traditional solvents. The pores of polysulfone/PolarClean membranes were sponge-like, and the membranes displayed higher water flux values (176.0 \u00b1 8.8 LMH) along with slightly higher solute rejection (99.0 \u00b1 0.51%). On the other hand, PSf/DMAc membrane pores were finger-like with lower water flux (63.1 \u00b1 12.4 LMH) and slightly lower solute rejection (96 \u00b1 2.00%) when compared to PSf/PolarClean membranes.</p></article>", "keywords": ["membrane synthesis", "Chemical technology", "bio-derived solvent; non-solvent induced phase separation; membrane synthesis", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "0104 chemical sciences", "non-solvent induced phase separation", "Chemical engineering", "13. Climate action", "TP155-156", "0210 nano-technology", "bio-derived solvent"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/8/2/23/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC6026890"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Membranes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC6026890", "name": "item", "description": "PMC6026890", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC6026890"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC6068504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-12", "title": "Biosensing System for Concentration Quantification of Magnetically Labeled E. coli in Water Samples", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Bacterial contamination of water sources (e.g., lakes, rivers and springs) from waterborne bacteria is a crucial water safety issue and its prevention is of the utmost significance since it threatens the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock, and human populations and can lead to serious illness and even death. Rapid and multiplexed measurement of such waterborne pathogens is vital and the challenge is to instantly detect in these liquid samples different types of pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we propose a biosensing system in which the bacteria are labelled with streptavidin coated magnetic markers (MPs\u2014magnetic particles) forming compounds (MLBs\u2014magnetically labelled bacteria). Video microscopy in combination with a particle tracking software are used for their detection and quantification. When the liquid containing the MLBs is introduced into the developed, microfluidic platform, the MLBs are accelerated towards the outlet by means of a magnetic field gradient generated by integrated microconductors, which are sequentially switched ON and OFF by a microcontroller. The velocities of the MLBs and that of reference MPs, suspended in the same liquid in a parallel reference microfluidic channel, are calculated and compared in real time by a digital camera mounted on a conventional optical microscope in combination with a particle trajectory tracking software. The MLBs will be slower than the reference MPs due to the enhanced Stokes\u2019 drag force exerted on them, resulting from their greater volume and altered hydrodynamic shape. The results of the investigation showed that the parameters obtained from this method emerged as reliable predictors for E. coli concentrations.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "magnetophoresis", "magnetic microparticles", "Chemical technology", "magnetic labeling", "Microfluidics", "TP1-1185", "Biosensing Techniques", "Article", "6. Clean water", "particle tracking", "Magnetics", "03 medical and health sciences", "bacteria quantification", "13. Climate action", "Escherichia coli", "biosensing", "Water Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2250/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC6068504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC6068504", "name": "item", "description": "PMC6068504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC6068504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC6891319", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-08", "title": "Deployment and Verifications of the Spatial Filtering of Data Measured by Field Harvesters and Methods of Their Interpolation: Czech Cereal Fields between 2014 and 2018", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Yield mapping is a subject of research in (precision) agriculture and one of the primary concerns for farmers as it forms the basis of their income and has implications for subsidies and taxes. The presented approach involves deployment of field harvesters equipped with sensors that provide more detailed and spatially localized values than merely a sum of yields for the whole plot. The measurements from such sensors need to be filtered and subject to further processing, including interpolation, to facilitate follow-up interpretation. This paper aims to identify the relative differences between interpolations from (1) (field) measured data, (2) measured data that were globally filtered, and (3) measured data that were globally and locally filtered. All the measured data were obtained at a fully operational farm and are considered to represent a natural experiment. The revealed spatial patterns and recommendations regarding global and local filtering methods are presented at the end of the paper. Time investments into filtering techniques are also taken into account.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Chemical technology", "field harvester", "sensor measurements", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "data filtering", "Article", "yield mapping", "interpolation"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4879/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4879/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC6891319"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC6891319", "name": "item", "description": "PMC6891319", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC6891319"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC7436003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-24", "title": "Smart Multi-Sensor Platform for Analytics and Social Decision Support in Agriculture", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Smart agriculture based on new types of sensors, data analytics and automation, is an important enabler for optimizing yields and maximizing efficiency to feed the world\u2019s growing population while limiting environmental pollution. The aim of this paper is to describe a multi-sensor Internet of Things (IoT) system for agriculture consisting of a soil probe, an air probe and a smart data logger. The implementation details will focus of the integration element and the innovative Artificial Intelligence based gas identification sensor. Furthermore, the paper focuses on the analytics and decision support system implementation that provides farming recommendations and is enhanced with a feedback loop from farmers and a social trust index that will increase the reliability of the system.</p></article>", "keywords": ["330", "decision support system", "[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics]", "Social IoT", "Internet of Things", "TP1-1185", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "data logger", "Article", "gas sensor", "[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]", "Soil", "sensor", "Artificial Intelligence", "social feedback", "data analytics", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "Chemical technology", "Reproducibility of Results", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "0104 chemical sciences", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4127/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4127/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC7436003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC7436003", "name": "item", "description": "PMC7436003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC7436003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC8161293", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-19", "title": "Platinum-Based Interdigitated Micro-Electrode Arrays for Reagent-Free Detection of Copper", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Water is a precious resource that is under threat from a number of pressures, including, for example, release of toxic compounds, that can have damaging effect on ecology and human health. The current methods of water quality monitoring are based on sample collection and analysis at dedicated laboratories. Recently, electrochemical-based methods have attracted a lot of attention for environmental sensing owing to their versatility, sensitivity and their ease of integration with cost effective, smart and portable readout systems. In the present work, we report on the fabrication and characterization of platinum-based interdigitated microband electrodes arrays, and their application for trace detection of copper. Using square wave voltammetry after acidification with mineral acids, a limit of detection of 0.8 \u03bcg/L was achieved. Copper detection was also undertaken on river water samples and compared with standard analytical techniques. The possibility of controlling the pH at the surface of the sensors\u2014thereby avoiding the necessity to add mineral acids\u2014was investigated. By applying potentials to drive the water splitting reaction at one comb of the sensor\u2019s electrode (the protonator), it was possible to lower the pH in the vicinity of the sensing electrode. Detection of standard copper solutions down to 5 \u03bcg/L (ppb) using this technique is reported. This reagent free method of detection opens the way for autonomous, in situ monitoring of pollutants in water bodies.</p></article>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Chemical technology", "electrochemical sensors", "pH control", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "heavy metals", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "environmental monitoring", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3544/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC8161293"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC8161293", "name": "item", "description": "PMC8161293", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC8161293"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC8399253", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-15", "title": "Microwave Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton-Based Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Liquid Analyte Dielectric Constant", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In this paper, a microwave microfluidic sensor based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) was proposed for ultrasensitive detection of dielectric constant. A novel unit cell for the SSPP structure is proposed and its behaviour and sensing potential analysed in detail. Based on the proposed cell, the SSPP microwave structure with a microfluidic reservoir is designed as a multilayer configuration to serve as a sensing platform for liquid analytes. The sensor is realized using a combination of rapid, cost-effective technologies of xurography, laser micromachining, and cold lamination bonding, and its potential is validated in the experiments with edible oil samples. The results demonstrate high sensitivity (850 MHz/epsilon unit) and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9802) of the sensor, which, together with its low-cost and simple fabrication, make the proposed sensor an excellent candidate for the detection of small changes in the dielectric constant of edible oils and other liquid analytes.</p></article>", "keywords": ["spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP)", "edible oils", "permittivity sensing", "Chemical technology", "microwave sensor", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "Surface Plasmon Resonance", "Microwaves", "0210 nano-technology", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5477/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5477/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC8399253"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC8399253", "name": "item", "description": "PMC8399253", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC8399253"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC9185546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-01", "title": "Agrobot Lala\u2014An Autonomous Robotic System for Real-Time, In-Field Soil Sampling, and Analysis of Nitrates", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This paper presents an autonomous robotic system, an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), for in-field soil sampling and analysis of nitrates. Compared to standard methods of soil analysis it has several advantages: each sample is individually analyzed compared to average sample analysis in standard methods; each sample is georeferenced, providing a map for precision base fertilizing; the process is fully autonomous; samples are analyzed in real-time, approximately 30 min per sample; and lightweight for less soil compaction. The robotic system has several modules: commercial robotic platform, anchoring module, sampling module, sample preparation module, sample analysis module, and communication module. The system is augmented with an in-house developed cloud-based platform. This platform uses satellite images, and an artificial intelligence (AI) proprietary algorithm to divide the target field into representative zones for sampling, thus, reducing and optimizing the number and locations of the samples. Based on this, a task is created for the robot to automatically sample at those locations. The user is provided with an in-house developed smartphone app enabling overview and monitoring of the task, changing the positions, removing and adding of the sampling points. The results of the measurements are uploaded to the cloud for further analysis and the creation of prescription maps for variable rate base fertilization.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "precision agriculture", "Nitrates", "Chemical technology", "soil sampling", "TP1-1185", "Robotics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "artificial intelligence", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "UGV; precision agriculture; artificial intelligence; soil nutrient analysis; soil sampling", "Soil", "soil nutrient analysis", "Robotic Surgical Procedures", "Artificial Intelligence", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "UGV"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4207/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC9185546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC9185546", "name": "item", "description": "PMC9185546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC9185546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-31T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Chemical+technology&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Chemical+technology&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Chemical+technology&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Chemical+technology&offset=89", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 89, "numberReturned": 39, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-24T00:37:29.923239Z"}