{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-27", "title": "Reversibility Of Soil Productivity Decline With Organic Matter Of Differing Quality Along A Degradation Gradient", "description": "In the highlands of Western Kenya, we investigated the reversibility of soil productivity decline with increasing length of continuous maize cultivation over 100\u00a0years (corresponding to decreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient contents) using organic matter additions of differing quality and stability as a function of soil texture and inorganic nitrogen (N) additions. The ability of additions of labile organic matter (green and animal manure) to improve productivity primarily by enhanced nutrient availability was contrasted with the ability of stable organic matter (biochar and sawdust) to improve productivity by enhancing SOC. Maize productivity declined by 66% during the first 35\u00a0years of continuous cropping after forest clearing. Productivity remained at a low level of 3.0\u00a0t\u00a0grain\u00a0ha-1 across the chronosequence stretching up to 105\u00a0years of continuous cultivation despite full N\u2013phosphorus (P)\u2013potassium (K) fertilization (120\u2013100\u2013100\u00a0kg ha\u22121). Application of organic resources reversed the productivity decline by increasing yields by 57\u2013167%, whereby responses to nutrient-rich green manure were 110% greater than those from nutrient-poor sawdust. Productivity at the most degraded sites (80\u2013105\u00a0years since forest clearing) increased in response to green manure to a greater extent than the yields at the least degraded sites (5\u00a0years since forest clearing), both with full N\u2013P\u2013K fertilization. Biochar additions at the most degraded sites doubled maize yield (equaling responses to green manure additions in some instances) that were not fully explained by nutrient availability, suggesting improvement of factors other than plant nutrition. There was no detectable influence of texture (soils with either 11\u201314 or 45\u201349% clay) when low quality organic matter was applied (sawdust, biochar), whereas productivity was 8, 15, and 39% greater (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) on sandier than heavier textured soils with high quality organic matter (green and animal manure) or only inorganic nutrient additions, respectively. Across the entire degradation range, organic matter additions decreased the need for additional inorganic fertilizer N irrespective of the quality of the organic matter. For low quality organic resources (biochar and sawdust), crop yields were increasingly responsive to inorganic N fertilization with increasing soil degradation. On the other hand, fertilizer N additions did not improve soil productivity when high quality organic inputs were applied. Even with the tested full N\u2013P\u2013K fertilization, adding organic matter to soil was required for restoring soil productivity and most effective in the most degraded sites through both nutrient delivery (with green manure) and improvement of SOC (with biochar).", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Chronosequence", "Sustainable agriculture", "Green manure crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Soil degradation", "Soil productivity", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biochar addition", "Clay concentration", "Agroecosystems", "Field Scale"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-021-00648-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-07", "title": "Temperature Increases Soil Respiration Across Ecosystem Types and Soil Development, But Soil Properties Determine the Magnitude of This Effect", "description": "Abstract

Soil carbon losses to the atmosphere, via soil heterotrophic respiration, are expected to increase in response to global warming, resulting in a positive carbon-climate feedback. Despite the well-known suite of abiotic and biotic factors controlling soil respiration, much less is known about how the magnitude of soil respiration responses to temperature changes over soil development and across contrasting soil properties. Here, we investigated the role of soil development stage and soil properties in driving the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to increasing temperatures. We incubated soils from eight chronosequences ranging in soil age from hundreds to million years, and encompassing a wide range of vegetation types, climatic conditions, and chronosequences origins, at three assay temperatures (5, 15 and 25\uffc2\uffb0C). We found a consistent positive effect of assay temperature on soil respiration rates across the eight chronosequences evaluated. However, soil properties such as organic carbon concentration, texture, pH, phosphorus content, and microbial biomass determined the magnitude of temperature effects on soil respiration. Finally, we observed a positive effect of soil development stage on soil respiration that did not alter the magnitude of assay temperature effects. Our work reveals that key soil properties alter the magnitude of the positive effect of temperature on soil respiration found across ecosystem types and soil development stages. This information is essential to better understand the magnitude of the carbon-climate feedback, and thus to establish accurate greenhouse gas emission targets.Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements for soil biology and biogeochemistry worldwide. Yet, despite decades of research, important uncertainties persist about the drivers and changes in soil P forms during long-term soil formation. Here, we analyzed topsoils from nine globally distributed retrogressive soil chronosequences aiming to evaluate the relative contribution of key environmental factors (that is, soil age, substrate origin, climate, soil attributes, and vegetation) in explaining the long-term dynamics of primary, occluded, non-occluded, organic, and total P across different terrestrial ecosystems. We found that, rather than soil age, substrate origin was the main driver controlling the fate of different P fractions across contrasting environmental conditions. Moreover, our findings suggest that temporal patterns governing the long-term dynamics of different P forms as soils develop are not consistent among soil chronosequences, which is a result of contrasting environmental conditions, especially substrate origin. We further showed that topsoil total P was the greatest at intermediate soil development stage across the globe. Lastly, our results showed that P fractions were highly correlated with multiple surrogates of ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, plant productivity, and biodiversity. Together, our work provides new insights into the natural history of P availability, and further highlights that substrate origin, rather than soil age, is essential to predict changes in P availability in response to physical perturbation and climate change.13C", "570", "550", "Chronosequence C4/C3", "14 C", "14C", "13 C", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Molecular dynamics", "15. Life on land", "n-Alkanes", "Chronosequence C 4 /C 3", "PTMEs", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9920-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-013-9920-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-013-9920-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-013-9920-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-05", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics Following Afforestation Of A Tropical Savannah With Eucalyptus In Congo", "description": "Soil organic matter is a key factor in the global carbon cycle, but the magnitude and the direction of the change in soil carbon after afforestation with Eucalyptus in the tropics is still a matter of controversy. The objective of this work was to understand the dynamics of soil carbon in intensively managed Eucalyptus plantations after the afforestation of a native savannah. The isotopic composition (\u03b4) of soil carbon (C) and soil CO2 efflux (F) were measured on a four-age chronosequence of Eucalyptus and on an adjacent savannah. \u03b4 F was used to partition F between a C3 component and a C4 component, the latter corresponding to the decomposition of a labile pool of savannah-derived soil carbon (C SL). The mean residence time of CSL was 4.6\u00a0years. This further allowed us to partition the savannah-derived soil carbon into a labile and a stable (C SS) carbon pool. C SL accounted for 30% of soil carbon in the top soil of the savannah (0\u20135\u00a0cm), and only 12% when the entire 0\u201345\u00a0cm soil layer was considered. The decrease in C SL with time after plantation was more than compensated by an increase in Eucalyptus-derived carbon, and half of the newly incorporated Eucalyptus-derived carbon in the top soil was associated with the clay and fine silt fractions in the 14-year-old. stand. Increment in soil carbon after afforestation of tropical savannah with Eucalyptus is therefore expected despite a rapid disappearance of the labile savannah-derived carbon because a large fraction of savannah-derived carbon is stable.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "550", "SAVANNAH", "SEQUESTRATION", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "01 natural sciences", "630", "zone tropicale", "PLANTATION", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "EUCALYPTUS", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "sol tropical", "savane", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "13C", "TROPICAL PLANTATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048", "CHANGEMENT D'USAGE DES TERRES", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "Eucalyptus", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_162", "CO2 EFFLUX", "FRACTIONATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1811", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "CHRONOSEQUENCE", "15. Life on land", "plantation foresti\u00e8re", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "RESPIRATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7978", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7979", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6825", "extension foresti\u00e8re", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TURNOVER", "carbone", "SOIL CARBON", "plantations", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5990", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-17", "title": "Soil Aggregation And Organic Carbon Protection In A No-Tillage Chronosequence Under Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil aggregation", "Chronosequence", "No-tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Semiarid system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154405", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-08", "title": "Pedogenesis shapes predator-prey relationships within soil microbiomes", "description": "Pedogenesis determines soil physicochemical properties and many biodiversity facets, including belowground microbial bacteria and fungi. At the local scale, top-down predation by microbial protists regulates the soil microbiome, while the microbiome also affects protistan communities. However, it remains unknown how pedogenesis affects protistan communities and the potential protist-microbiome predator-prey relationships. With 435 soil samples representing different stages of pedogenesis ranging in soil age from centuries to millennia, we examined the influence of pedogenesis on the main protistan groups, and the interrelationships between protistan predators and microbial prey biomass. We revealed an enrichment in the diversity of total protists across pedogenesis and increasing richness of phototrophic protists in the medium compared with the early stages of pedogenesis. The richness of predatory protists accumulated throughout pedogenesis, which was more strongly determined by microbial biomass than environmental factors. Predator-prey associations were stronger in the young and the medium soils than in the older soils, likely because prey biomass accumulated in the latter and might be no longer limit predators. Together, our work provides evidence that pedogenesis shapes predatory protists differently than their prey, leading to shifts in predator-prey relationships. This knowledge is critical to better understand how soil food webs develop across soil development which might lead to changes in ecosystem functions.", "keywords": ["Predator-prey relationships", "2. Zero hunger", "Food Chain", "Microbiota", "Microbial biomass", "Eukaryota", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil", "Soil formation", "13. Climate action", "Predatory Behavior", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Chronosequences", "Protistan predators", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Microbiome"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154405"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154405", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154405", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154405"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-08", "title": "Stratification Ratio Of Soil Organic Matter Pools As An Indicator Of Carbon Sequestration In A Tillage Chronosequence On A Brazilian Oxisol", "description": "Abstract Long-term no-tillage (NT) leads to profile stratification of soil organic matter (SOM) pools, and the soil organic carbon (SOC) stratification ratio (SR) is an indicator of soil quality. The objective of this report is to assess the feasibility of using SOC-SR as an index for estimating SOC sequestration in NT soils. The effect of a plow tillage (PT) and NT chronosequence on the SR of SOM pools was assessed in an Oxisol in Southern Brazil (50\u00b023\u2032W and 24\u00b036\u2032S). The chronosequence consisted of six sites: (i) native field (NF); (ii) PT of the native field (PNF-1) involving conversion of natural vegetation to cropland; (iii) NT for 10 years (NT-10); (iv) NT for 20 years (NT-20); (v) NT for 22 years (NT-22); (vi) conventional tillage for 22 years (CT-22). Soil samples were collected from four depths (0\u20135\u00a0cm; 5\u201310\u00a0cm; 10\u201320\u00a0cm; 20\u201340\u00a0cm layer) and soil parameters comprised by SOM pools [i.e., C, N, S, particulate organic C (POC), particulate N (PN), stable C (SC) and stable N (SN), microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN), basal respiration (BR), dissolved organic C (DOC), total polysaccharides (TP) and labile polysaccharides (LP)] were measured. In undisturbed NF soil, the SR of all parameters increased with increase in soil depth. In contrast, the SR decreased in PT, and the SOM was uniformly distributed in the soil profile. All NT treatments restored the SR, and were characterized with higher values of all measured parameters compared to NF. The SR for SOC ranged from 1.12 to 1.51 for CT-22 compared with 1.64\u20132.61 SR for NT surface and sub-soil layers, respectively. The SR for POC and PN were higher than those for stable C and N. However, SR for the biological pools (e.g., MBC, MBN and BR) were the highest and strongly correlated with the rate of SOC sequestration. An increase in SR of SOC was also positively correlated with the rate and amount of SOC sequestered. Regression analyses indicated a strong correlation between SR of SOC and all parameters monitored in this study. The data showed that the SR of SOC is an efficient indicator of C sequestration in long-term NT management.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Chronosequence", "No-till", "Black oats", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Stratification ratio", "Soil quality", "Lupine", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Som pools", "Oxisols", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-08", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Fertility Interactions Affected By A Tillage Chronosequence In A Brazilian Oxisol", "description": "Abstract No-till (NT) adoption is an essential tool for development of sustainable agricultural systems, and how NT affects the soil organic C (SOC) dynamics is a key component of these systems. The effect of a plow tillage (PT) and NT age chronosequence on SOC concentration and interactions with soil fertility were assessed in a variable charge Oxisol, located in the South Center quadrant of Parana State, Brazil (50\u00b023\u2019W and 24\u00b036'S). The chronosequence consisted of the following six sites: (i) native field (NF); (ii) PT of the native field (PNF-1) involving conversion of natural vegetation to cropland; (iii) NT for 10 years (NT-10); (iv) NT for 20 years (NT-20); (v) NT for 22 years (NT-22); and (vi) conventional tillage for 22 years (CT-22) involving PT with one disking after summer harvest and one after winter harvest to 20\u00a0cm depth plus two harrow disking. Soil samples were collected from five depths (0\u20132.5; 2.5\u20135; 5\u201310; 10\u201320; and 20\u201340\u00a0cm) and SOC, pH (in H 2 O and KCl), \u0394pH, potential acidity, exchangeable bases, and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) were measured. An increase in SOC concentration positively affected the pH, the negative charge and the CEC and negatively impacted potential acidity. Regression analyses indicated a close relationship between the SOC concentration and other parameters measured in this study. The regression fitted between SOC concentration and CEC showed a close relationship. There was an increase in negative charge and CEC with increase in SOC concentration: CEC increased by 0.37\u00a0cmol c \u00a0kg \u22121 for every g of C\u00a0kg \u22121 soil. The ratio of ECEC:SOC was 0.23\u00a0cmol c \u00a0kg \u22121 for NF and increased to 0.49\u00a0cmol c \u00a0kg \u22121 for NT-22. The rates of P and K for 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth increased by 9.66\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 and 17.93\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 , respectively, with NF as a base line. The data presented support the conclusion that long-term NT is a useful strategy for improving fertility of soils with variable charge.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Root depth", "Crop residues", "Cation exchange capacity (CEC)", "Conservation agriculture", "Chronosequence", "Acidity", "Sustainable agriculture", "No-till", "Soil ph", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Soil quality", "Tillage", "Variable charge", "Soil analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oxisols", "Field Scale"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.07.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-14", "title": "Soil Carbon Stocks Under No-Tillage Mulch-Based Cropping Systems In The Brazilian Cerrado: An On-Farm Synchronic Assessment", "description": "No-tillage mulch-based (NTM) cropping systems have been widely adopted by farmers in the Brazilian savanna region (Cerrado biome). We hypothesized that this new type of management should have a profound impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) at regional scale and consequently on climate change mitigation. The objective of this study was thus to quantify the SOC storage potential of NTM in the oxisols of the Cerrado using a synchronic approach that is based on a chronosequence of fields of different years under NTM. The study consisted of three phases: (1) a farm/cropping system survey to identify the main types of NTM systems to be chosen for the chronosequence; (2) a field survey to identify a homogeneous set of situations for the chronosequence and (3) the characterization of the chronosequence to assess the SOC storage potential. Themain NTM system practiced by farmers is an annual succession of soybean (Glycine max) or maize (Zea mays) with another cereal crop. This cropping system covers 54% of the total cultivated area in the region. At the regional level, soil organic C concentrations from NTM fields were closely correlated with clay + silt content of the soil (r2 = 0.64). No significant correlation was observed (r2 = 0.07), however, between these two variables when we only considered the fields with a clay + silt content in the 500- 700 g kg_1 range. The final chronosequence of NTM fields was therefore based on a subsample of eight fields, within this textural range. The SOC stocks in the 0-30 cm topsoil layer of these selected fields varied between 4.2 and 6.7 kg C m_2 and increased on average (r2 = 0.97) with 0.19 kg C m_2 year_1. After 12 years of NTM management, SOC stocks were no longer significantly different from the stocks under natural Cerrado vegetation (p < 0.05), whereas a 23-year-old conventionally tilled and cropped field showed SOC stocks that were about 30% below this level. Confirming our hypotheses, this study clearly illustrated the high potential of NTM systems in increasing SOC storage under tropical conditions, and how a synchronic approach may be used to assess efficiently such modification on farmers' fields, identifying and excluding non desirable sources of heterogeneity (management, soils and climate). (Resume d'auteur)", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "2. Zero hunger", "INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE", "Cover crops", "Chronosequence", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "Tropics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "COVER CROPS", "CHRONOSEQUENCE", "15. Life on land", "630", "OXISOLS", "Intensive agriculture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1070", "13. Climate action", "TROPICS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "Oxisols", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.07.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.07.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.07.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.07.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2024GB008367", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-05", "title": "Insect Herbivory Releases More Nutrients in Warmer and Drier Forests", "description": "Abstract

Climate, forest successional stage, and soil substrate age can alter herbivore communities and their effects on biogeochemical cycling, but the size and spatial variability of these effects are poorly quantified. To address this knowledge gap, we established a globally distributed network of 50 broadleaved old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth forests across six continents, encompassing well\uffe2\uff80\uff90constrained local\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale gradients in mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), succession, and soil substrate age. We used this network to investigate how these variables impact insect foliar herbivory and the associated carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica fluxes in forest ecosystems. Over 1 to 2\uffc2\uffa0years, we measured stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar biomass production, leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level herbivory, and foliar element concentrations. At the global scale, insect herbivores liberated higher amounts of elements from the canopies of warmer and drier sites than those of cooler and wetter sites with patterns for phosphorus being most pronounced. MAT exerted a stronger influence over insect\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated element fluxes than MAP. Foliar biomass production and leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level herbivory responses to MAT and MAP were mainly responsible for the observed changes in insect\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated element fluxes; we also observed minor effects of foliar phosphorus concentration on phosphorus fluxes. Local\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale trends were mixed and successional stage or soil substrate age did not appear to influence insect herbivore\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated element fluxes. These results demonstrate that climate effects on plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90herbivore interactions are stronger at large than small scales, at which herbivory rates and nutrient fluxes appear to be more strongly affected by a diversity of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate factors.Climate, forest successional stage, and soil substrate age can alter herbivore communities and their effects on biogeochemical cycling, but the size and spatial variability of these effects are poorly quantified. To address this knowledge gap, we established a globally distributed network of 50 broadleaved old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth forests across six continents, encompassing well\uffe2\uff80\uff90constrained local\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale gradients in mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), succession, and soil substrate age. We used this network to investigate how these variables impact insect foliar herbivory and the associated carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica fluxes in forest ecosystems. Over 1 to 2\uffc2\uffa0years, we measured stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar biomass production, leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level herbivory, and foliar element concentrations. At the global scale, insect herbivores liberated higher amounts of elements from the canopies of warmer and drier sites than those of cooler and wetter sites with patterns for phosphorus being most pronounced. MAT exerted a stronger influence over insect\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated element fluxes than MAP. Foliar biomass production and leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level herbivory responses to MAT and MAP were mainly responsible for the observed changes in insect\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated element fluxes; we also observed minor effects of foliar phosphorus concentration on phosphorus fluxes. Local\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale trends were mixed and successional stage or soil substrate age did not appear to influence insect herbivore\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated element fluxes. These results demonstrate that climate effects on plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90herbivore interactions are stronger at large than small scales, at which herbivory rates and nutrient fluxes appear to be more strongly affected by a diversity of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate factors.Since the last glacial maximum, soil formation related to ice\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover shrinkage has been one major sink of carbon accumulating as soil organic matter (SOM), a phenomenon accelerated by the ongoing global warming. In recently deglacierized forelands, processes of SOM accumulation, including those that control carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates and biogeochemical stability of newly sequestered carbon, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the build\uffe2\uff80\uff90up of SOM during the initial stages (up to 410\uffc2\uffa0years) of topsoil development in 10 glacier forelands distributed on four continents. We test whether the net accumulation of SOM on glacier forelands (i) depends on the time since deglacierization and local climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation); (ii) is accompanied by a decrease in its stability and (iii) is mostly due to an increasing contribution of organic matter from plant origin. We measured total SOM concentration (carbon, nitrogen), its relative hydrogen/oxygen enrichment, stable isotopic (13C, 15N) and carbon functional groups (C\uffe2\uff80\uff90H, C=O, C=C) compositions, and its distribution in carbon pools of different thermal stability. We show that SOM content increases with time and is faster on forelands experiencing warmer climates. The build\uffe2\uff80\uff90up of SOM pools shows consistent trends across the studied soil chronosequences. During the first decades of soil development, the low amount of SOM is dominated by a thermally stable carbon pool with a small and highly thermolabile pool. The stability of SOM decreases with soil age at all sites, indicating that SOM storage is dominated by the accumulation of labile SOM during the first centuries of soil development, and suggesting plant carbon inputs to soil (SOM depleted in nitrogen, enriched in hydrogen and in aromatic carbon). Our findings highlight the potential vulnerability of SOM stocks from proglacial areas to decomposition and suggest that their durability largely depends on the relative contribution of carbon inputs from plants.

", "keywords": ["[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics", "550", "Nitrogen", "Chronosequence", "551", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "Soil", "soil organic matter", "carbon stability; chronosequence; climate sensitivity; soil organic matter; topsoil development; Carbon; Nitrogen; Temperature; Ice Cover; Soil", "[SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics", " Phylogenetics and taxonomy", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "Ice Cover", "topsoil development", "Carbon stability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Temperature", "Phylogenetics and taxonomy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "15. Life on land", "Climate sensitivity", "Primary Research Articles", "Carbon", "chronosequence", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Topsoil development", "climate sensitivity", "carbon stability; chronosequence; climate sensitivity; soil organic matter; topsoil development;", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "environment/Ecosystems", "carbon stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/851691/2/khedim%202021%20submitted.pdf"}, {"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/851691/3/khedim%202021%20Global%20Change%20Biol.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boa.unimib.it/bitstream/10281/300214/2/10281-300214_VoR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15496"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15496"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15496", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15496", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15496"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ele.13648", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-30", "title": "Soil element coupling is driven by ecological context and atomic mass", "description": "Abstract

The biogeochemical cycling of multiple soil elements is fundamental for life on Earth. Here, we conducted a global field survey across 16 chronosequences from contrasting biomes with soil ages ranging from centuries to millions of years. For this, we collected and analysed 435 topsoil samples (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) from 87 locations. We showed that high levels of topsoil element coupling, defined as the average correlation among nineteen soil elements, are maintained over geological timescales globally. Cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90biome changes in plant biodiversity, soil microbial structure, weathering, soil pH and texture, and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90free unprotected organic matter content largely controlled multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90element coupling. Moreover, elements with heavier atomic mass were naturally more decoupled and unpredictable in space than those with lighter mass. Only the coupling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, which are essential to life on Earth, deviated from this predictable pattern, suggesting that this anomaly may be an undeniable fingerprint of life in terrestrial soils.

Photoautotrophic soil cyanobacteria play essential ecological roles and are known to exhibit large changes in their diversity and abundance throughout early succession. However, much less is known about how and why soil cyanobacterial communities change as soil develops over centuries and millennia, and the effects that vegetation have on such communities.

We combined an extensive field survey, including 16 global soil chronosequences across contrasting ecosystems (from deserts to tropical forests), with molecular analyses to investigate how the diversity and abundance of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic soil cyanobacteria are affected by vegetation change during soil development, over time periods from hundreds to thousands of years.

We show that, in most chronosequences, the abundance, species richness and community composition of soil cyanobacteria are relatively stable as soil develops (from centuries to millennia). Regardless of soil age, forest chronosequences were consistently dominated by nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria (Vampirovibrionia), while grasslands and shrublands were dominated by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chronosequences undergoing drastic vegetation shifts (e.g. transitions from grasslands to forests) experienced significant changes in the composition of soil cyanobacterial communities.

Our results advance our understanding of the ecology of cyanobacterial classes, and of the understudied nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria in particular, and highlight the key role of vegetation as a major driver of their temporal dynamics as soil develops.

Total ecosystem carbon in the soil and vegetation was measured for a range of aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) ecosystems, including a chronosequence on the same soil ranging in age from 0 to 80 years. Soil carbon stayed relatively constant throughout the stand's life and was not affected by timber harvesting. Changes in ecosystem carbon closely paralleled the changes in standing biomass. Aspen grown on 40-year rotations on good soils will sequester several times as much carbon per year as old-growth forests.

", "keywords": ["Management Options", "0106 biological sciences", "Michigan", "Spermatophyta", "Angiosperms", "Broadleaves", "wisconsin", "aspen", "Minnesota", "01 natural sciences", "Dicots", "forest succession", "Spermatophytes", "Populus tremuloides", "Biomass", "Plantae", "Forest Sciences", "USA", "Vascular Plants", "Salicaceae: Dicotyledones", "carbon", "Rotation Length", "age of trees", "Forestry", "Carbon cycle", "plant succession", "Plants", "Timber Harvest", "forest ecosystem", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "Angiospermae", "Chronosequence Soil Carbon", "ecosystems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alban, David H., Perala, D.A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x92-146"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x92-146", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x92-146", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x92-146"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1992-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1177/0309133319873309", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-09", "title": "The landscape of soil carbon data: Emerging questions, synergies and databases", "description": "

Soil carbon has been measured for over a century in applications ranging from understanding biogeochemical processes in natural ecosystems to quantifying the productivity and health of managed systems. Consolidating diverse soil carbon datasets is increasingly important to maximize their value, particularly with growing anthropogenic and climate change pressures. In this progress report, we describe recent advances in soil carbon data led by the International Soil Carbon Network and other networks. We highlight priority areas of research requiring soil carbon data, including (a) quantifying boreal, arctic and wetland carbon stocks, (b) understanding the timescales of soil carbon persistence using radiocarbon and chronosequence studies, (c) synthesizing long-term and experimental data to inform carbon stock vulnerability to global change, (d) quantifying root influences on soil carbon and (e) identifying gaps in model\uffe2\uff80\uff93data integration. We also describe the landscape of soil datasets currently available, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses and synergies. Now more than ever, integrated soil data are needed to inform climate mitigation, land management and agricultural practices. This report will aid new data users in navigating various soil databases and encourage scientists to make their measurements publicly available and to join forces to find soil-related solutions.

", "keywords": ["long-term ecological research", "2. Zero hunger", "soil chronosequence", "model\u2013data integration", "soil carbon stabilization", "Soil carbon data", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "wetland carbon", "6. Clean water", "root traits", "soil database", "soil radiocarbon", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0309133319873309"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133319873309"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Progress%20in%20Physical%20Geography%3A%20Earth%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1177/0309133319873309", "name": "item", "description": "10.1177/0309133319873309", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1177/0309133319873309"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-5133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Relationships Among Fires, Fungi, And Soil Dynamics In Alaskan Boreal Forests", "description": "Fires are critical pathways of carbon loss from boreal forest soils, whereas microbial communities form equally critical controls over carbon accumulation between fires. We used a chronosequence in Alaska to test Read's hypothesis that arbuscular my- corrhizal fungi should dominate ecosystems with low accumulation of surface litter, and ectomycorrhizal fungi should proliferate where organic horizons are well-developed. This pattern is expected because ectomycorrhizal fungi display a greater capacity to mineralize organic compounds than do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The sites were located in upland forests near Delta Junction, Alaska, and represent stages at 3, 15, 45, and 80 years following fire. Soil organic matter accumulated 2.8-fold over time. Fire did not noticeably reduce the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In contrast, ectomycorrhizal colonization re- quired up to 15 years to return to pre-fire levels. As a result, dominant mycorrhizal groups shifted from arbuscular to ectomycorrhizal fungi as succession progressed. Bacterial func- tional diversity was greatest in the oldest sites. Altogether, microbes that can mineralize organic compounds (i.e., ectomycorrhizae and bacteria) recovered more slowly than those that cannot (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizae). Potential net N mineralization and standing pools of ammonium-N were relatively low in the youngest site. In addition, glomalin stocks were positively correlated with arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length, peaking early in the chron- osequence. Our results indicate that microbial succession may influence soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the first several years following fire, by augmenting carbon storage in glomalin while inhibiting mineralization of organic compounds.", "keywords": ["external hyphae", "soil carbon and nitrogen", "biolog", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "chronosequence", "fire and soil microbes", "succession", "Alaskan boreal forest", "mycorrhizal fungi", "organic material", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "microbial community", "glomalin"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt3wc775gm/qt3wc775gm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-5133", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-5133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-5133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/plants12051162", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-06", "title": "Spontaneous Primary Succession and Vascular Plant Recovery in the Iberian Gypsum Quarries: Insights for Ecological Restoration in an EU Priority Habitat", "description": "

Gypsum covers a vast area of the Iberian Peninsula, making Spain a leader in its production. Gypsum is a fundamental raw material for modern societies. However, gypsum quarries have an obvious impact on the landscape and biodiversity. Gypsum outcrops host a high percentage of endemic plants and unique vegetation, considered a priority by the EU. Restoring gypsum areas after mining is a key strategy to prevent biodiversity loss. For the implementation of restoration approaches, understanding vegetation\u2019s successional processes can be of invaluable help. To fully document the spontaneous succession in gypsum quarries and to evaluate its interest for restoration, 10 permanent plots of 20 \u00d7 50 m were proposed, with nested subplots, in which vegetation change was recorded for 13 years in Almeria (Spain). Through Species-Area Relationships (SARs), these plots\u2019 floristic changes were monitored and compared to others in which an active restoration was carried out, as well as others with natural vegetation. Furthermore, the successional pattern found was compared to those recorded in 28 quarries distributed throughout the Spanish territory. The results show that an ecological pattern of spontaneous primary auto-succession is widely recurring in Iberian gypsum quarries, which is capable of regenerating the pre-existing natural vegetation.

", "keywords": ["QK1-989", "Botany", "gypsum mining", "permanent plots", "passive restoration", "15. Life on land", "Species-Area Relationships (SAR)", "gypsophil", "successional chronosequence", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/5/1162/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/5/1162/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051162"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/plants12051162", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/plants12051162", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/plants12051162"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11040650", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-29", "title": "Effects of Management and Hillside Position on Soil Organic Carbon Stratification in Mediterranean Centenary Olive Grove", "description": "

The short- and medium\uffe2\uff80\uff94long-term effects of management and hillside position on soil organic carbon (SOC) changes were studied in a centenary Mediterranean rainfed olive grove. One way to measure these changes is to analyze the soil quality, as it assesses soil degradation degree and attempts to identify management practices for sustainable soil use. In this context, the SOC stratification index (SR-COS) is one of the best indicators of soil quality to assess the degradation degree from SOC content without analyzing other soil properties. The SR-SOC was calculated in soil profiles (horizon-by-horizon) to identify the best soil management practices for sustainable use. The following time periods and soil management combinations were tested: (i) in the medium\uffe2\uff80\uff92long-term (17 years) from conventional tillage (CT) to no-tillage (NT), (ii) in the short-term (2 years) from CT to no-tillage with cover crops (NT-CC), and (iii) the effect in the short-term (from CT to NT-CC) of different topographic positions along a hillside. The results indicate that the SR-SOC increased with depth for all management practices. The SR-SOC ranged from 1.21 to 1.73 in CT0, from 1.48 to 3.01 in CT1, from 1.15 to 2.48 in CT2, from 1.22 to 2.39 in NT-CC and from 0.98 to 4.16 in NT; therefore, the soil quality from the SR-SOC index was not directly linked to the increase or loss of SOC along the soil profile. This demonstrates the time-variability of SR-SOC and that NT improves soil quality in the long-term.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "Cover crops", "Soil organic carbon", "Chronosequence", "land use", "Agriculture", "soil profile", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality", "chronosequence", "Tillage systems", "soil organic carbon", "Soil profile", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "cover crops", "tillage systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/650/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/650/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040650"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11040650", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11040650", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11040650"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-10-3745-2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-12", "title": "A representation of the phosphorus cycle for ORCHIDEE (revision\u00a04520)", "description": "

Abstract. Land surface models rarely incorporate the terrestrial phosphorus cycle and its interactions with the carbon cycle, despite the extensive scientific debate about the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus supply for future land carbon uptake. We describe a representation of the terrestrial phosphorus cycle for the ORCHIDEE land surface model, and evaluate it with data from nutrient manipulation experiments along a\uffc2\uffa0soil formation chronosequence in Hawaii. ORCHIDEE accounts for the influence of the nutritional state of vegetation on tissue nutrient concentrations, photosynthesis, plant growth, biomass allocation, biochemical (phosphatase-mediated) mineralization, and biological nitrogen fixation. Changes in the nutrient content (quality) of litter affect the carbon use efficiency of decomposition and in return the nutrient availability to vegetation. The model explicitly accounts for root zone depletion of phosphorus as a function of root phosphorus uptake and phosphorus transport from the soil to the root surface. The model captures the observed differences in the foliage stoichiometry of vegetation between an early (300-year) and a late (4.1\uffe2\uff80\uffafMyr) stage of soil development. The contrasting sensitivities of net primary productivity to the addition of either nitrogen, phosphorus, or both among sites are in general reproduced by the model. As observed, the model simulates a preferential stimulation of leaf level productivity when nitrogen stress is alleviated, while leaf level productivity and leaf area index are stimulated equally when phosphorus stress is alleviated. The nutrient use efficiencies in the model are lower than observed primarily due to biases in the nutrient content and turnover of woody biomass. We conclude that ORCHIDEE is able to reproduce the shift from nitrogen to phosphorus limited net primary productivity along the soil development chronosequence, as well as the contrasting responses of net primary productivity to nutrient addition.

", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "Chronosequence", "Organic chemistry", "chronos\u00e9quence", "Plant Science", "mod\u00e8le", "Nitrogen cycle", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil water", "Pathology", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Global and Planetary Change", "Orchidee", "Ecology", "Physics", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Carbon cycle", "Chemistry", "nutrition", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "[SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]", "Ecosystem Functioning", "Vegetation (pathology)", "cycle du carbone", "570", "[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]", "Nitrogen", "hawai", "Soil Science", "mod\u00e8le orchid\u00e9e", "Environmental science", "vegetation", "phosphore du sol", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "ddc:550", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "surface terrestre", "Plant Nutrient Uptake and Signaling Pathways", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "hawaii", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/10/3745/2017/gmd-10-3745-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3745-2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-10-3745-2017", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-10-3745-2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-10-3745-2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6460208", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:41Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Subarctic soil carbon losses after deforestation for agriculture depend on permafrost abundance - study data", "description": "Contains the dataset and R code used for the study 'Subarctic soil carbon losses after deforestation for agriculture depend on permafrost abundance'.", "keywords": ["Yukon", " climate change", " chronosequence", " fractionation", " soil organic matter", " land-use change", " Canada", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peplau, Tino, Schroeder, Julia, Gregorich, Edward, Poeplau, Christopher,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6460208"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6460208", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6460208", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6460208"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10045/121448", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-28", "title": "Effects of vegetation on soil cyanobacterial communities through time and space", "description": "Summary

Photoautotrophic soil cyanobacteria play essential ecological roles and are known to exhibit large changes in their diversity and abundance throughout early succession. However, much less is known about how and why soil cyanobacterial communities change as soil develops over centuries and millennia, and the effects that vegetation have on such communities.

We combined an extensive field survey, including 16 global soil chronosequences across contrasting ecosystems (from deserts to tropical forests), with molecular analyses to investigate how the diversity and abundance of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic soil cyanobacteria are affected by vegetation change during soil development, over time periods from hundreds to thousands of years.

We show that, in most chronosequences, the abundance, species richness and community composition of soil cyanobacteria are relatively stable as soil develops (from centuries to millennia). Regardless of soil age, forest chronosequences were consistently dominated by nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria (Vampirovibrionia), while grasslands and shrublands were dominated by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chronosequences undergoing drastic vegetation shifts (e.g. transitions from grasslands to forests) experienced significant changes in the composition of soil cyanobacterial communities.

Our results advance our understanding of the ecology of cyanobacterial classes, and of the understudied nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria in particular, and highlight the key role of vegetation as a major driver of their temporal dynamics as soil develops.

Photoautotrophic soil cyanobacteria play essential ecological roles and are known to exhibit large changes in their diversity and abundance throughout early succession. However, much less is known about how and why soil cyanobacterial communities change as soil develops over centuries and millennia, and the effects that vegetation have on such communities.

We combined an extensive field survey, including 16 global soil chronosequences across contrasting ecosystems (from deserts to tropical forests), with molecular analyses to investigate how the diversity and abundance of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic soil cyanobacteria are affected by vegetation change during soil development, over time periods from hundreds to thousands of years.

We show that, in most chronosequences, the abundance, species richness and community composition of soil cyanobacteria are relatively stable as soil develops (from centuries to millennia). Regardless of soil age, forest chronosequences were consistently dominated by nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria (Vampirovibrionia), while grasslands and shrublands were dominated by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chronosequences undergoing drastic vegetation shifts (e.g. transitions from grasslands to forests) experienced significant changes in the composition of soil cyanobacterial communities.

Our results advance our understanding of the ecology of cyanobacterial classes, and of the understudied nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria in particular, and highlight the key role of vegetation as a major driver of their temporal dynamics as soil develops.

The biogeochemical cycling of multiple soil elements is fundamental for life on Earth. Here, we conducted a global field survey across 16 chronosequences from contrasting biomes with soil ages ranging from centuries to millions of years. For this, we collected and analysed 435 topsoil samples (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) from 87 locations. We showed that high levels of topsoil element coupling, defined as the average correlation among nineteen soil elements, are maintained over geological timescales globally. Cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90biome changes in plant biodiversity, soil microbial structure, weathering, soil pH and texture, and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90free unprotected organic matter content largely controlled multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90element coupling. Moreover, elements with heavier atomic mass were naturally more decoupled and unpredictable in space than those with lighter mass. Only the coupling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, which are essential to life on Earth, deviated from this predictable pattern, suggesting that this anomaly may be an undeniable fingerprint of life in terrestrial soils.Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements for soil biology and biogeochemistry worldwide. Yet, despite decades of research, important uncertainties persist about the drivers and changes in soil P forms during long-term soil formation. Here, we analyzed topsoils from nine globally distributed retrogressive soil chronosequences aiming to evaluate the relative contribution of key environmental factors (that is, soil age, substrate origin, climate, soil attributes, and vegetation) in explaining the long-term dynamics of primary, occluded, non-occluded, organic, and total P across different terrestrial ecosystems. We found that, rather than soil age, substrate origin was the main driver controlling the fate of different P fractions across contrasting environmental conditions. Moreover, our findings suggest that temporal patterns governing the long-term dynamics of different P forms as soils develop are not consistent among soil chronosequences, which is a result of contrasting environmental conditions, especially substrate origin. We further showed that topsoil total P was the greatest at intermediate soil development stage across the globe. Lastly, our results showed that P fractions were highly correlated with multiple surrogates of ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, plant productivity, and biodiversity. Together, our work provides new insights into the natural history of P availability, and further highlights that substrate origin, rather than soil age, is essential to predict changes in P availability in response to physical perturbation and climate change.

Gypsum covers a vast area of the Iberian Peninsula, making Spain a leader in its production. Gypsum is a fundamental raw material for modern societies. However, gypsum quarries have an obvious impact on the landscape and biodiversity. Gypsum outcrops host a high percentage of endemic plants and unique vegetation, considered a priority by the EU. Restoring gypsum areas after mining is a key strategy to prevent biodiversity loss. For the implementation of restoration approaches, understanding vegetation\u2019s successional processes can be of invaluable help. To fully document the spontaneous succession in gypsum quarries and to evaluate its interest for restoration, 10 permanent plots of 20 \u00d7 50 m were proposed, with nested subplots, in which vegetation change was recorded for 13 years in Almeria (Spain). Through Species-Area Relationships (SARs), these plots\u2019 floristic changes were monitored and compared to others in which an active restoration was carried out, as well as others with natural vegetation. Furthermore, the successional pattern found was compared to those recorded in 28 quarries distributed throughout the Spanish territory. The results show that an ecological pattern of spontaneous primary auto-succession is widely recurring in Iberian gypsum quarries, which is capable of regenerating the pre-existing natural vegetation.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Botany", "Passive restoration", "15. Life on land", "Species-Area Relationships (SAR)", "Article", "12. Responsible consumption", "QK1-989", "Permanent plots", "Gypsum mining", "gypsum mining", "Successional chronosequence", "permanent plots", "passive restoration", "gypsophil", "successional chronosequence", "Gypsophile"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/5/1162/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/5/1162/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10835/14411"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10835/14411", "name": "item", "description": "10835/14411", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10835/14411"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:76594", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-08", "title": "Pedogenesis shapes predator-prey relationships within soil microbiomes", "description": "Pedogenesis determines soil physicochemical properties and many biodiversity facets, including belowground microbial bacteria and fungi. At the local scale, top-down predation by microbial protists regulates the soil microbiome, while the microbiome also affects protistan communities. However, it remains unknown how pedogenesis affects protistan communities and the potential protist-microbiome predator-prey relationships. With 435 soil samples representing different stages of pedogenesis ranging in soil age from centuries to millennia, we examined the influence of pedogenesis on the main protistan groups, and the interrelationships between protistan predators and microbial prey biomass. We revealed an enrichment in the diversity of total protists across pedogenesis and increasing richness of phototrophic protists in the medium compared with the early stages of pedogenesis. The richness of predatory protists accumulated throughout pedogenesis, which was more strongly determined by microbial biomass than environmental factors. Predator-prey associations were stronger in the young and the medium soils than in the older soils, likely because prey biomass accumulated in the latter and might be no longer limit predators. Together, our work provides evidence that pedogenesis shapes predatory protists differently than their prey, leading to shifts in predator-prey relationships. This knowledge is critical to better understand how soil food webs develop across soil development which might lead to changes in ecosystem functions.", "keywords": ["Predator-prey relationships", "2. Zero hunger", "Food Chain", "Microbiota", "Microbial biomass", "Eukaryota", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil", "Soil formation", "13. Climate action", "Predatory Behavior", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Chronosequences", "Protistan predators", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Microbiome"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1959.7/uws:76594"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.7/uws:76594", "name": "item", "description": "1959.7/uws:76594", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.7/uws:76594"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:76924", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-07", "title": "Temperature Increases Soil Respiration Across Ecosystem Types and Soil Development, But Soil Properties Determine the Magnitude of This Effect", "description": "Abstract

Soil carbon losses to the atmosphere, via soil heterotrophic respiration, are expected to increase in response to global warming, resulting in a positive carbon-climate feedback. Despite the well-known suite of abiotic and biotic factors controlling soil respiration, much less is known about how the magnitude of soil respiration responses to temperature changes over soil development and across contrasting soil properties. Here, we investigated the role of soil development stage and soil properties in driving the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to increasing temperatures. We incubated soils from eight chronosequences ranging in soil age from hundreds to million years, and encompassing a wide range of vegetation types, climatic conditions, and chronosequences origins, at three assay temperatures (5, 15 and 25\uffc2\uffb0C). We found a consistent positive effect of assay temperature on soil respiration rates across the eight chronosequences evaluated. However, soil properties such as organic carbon concentration, texture, pH, phosphorus content, and microbial biomass determined the magnitude of temperature effects on soil respiration. Finally, we observed a positive effect of soil development stage on soil respiration that did not alter the magnitude of assay temperature effects. Our work reveals that key soil properties alter the magnitude of the positive effect of temperature on soil respiration found across ecosystem types and soil development stages. This information is essential to better understand the magnitude of the carbon-climate feedback, and thus to establish accurate greenhouse gas emission targets.

Soil carbon has been measured for over a century in applications ranging from understanding biogeochemical processes in natural ecosystems to quantifying the productivity and health of managed systems. Consolidating diverse soil carbon datasets is increasingly important to maximize their value, particularly with growing anthropogenic and climate change pressures. In this progress report, we describe recent advances in soil carbon data led by the International Soil Carbon Network and other networks. We highlight priority areas of research requiring soil carbon data, including (a) quantifying boreal, arctic and wetland carbon stocks, (b) understanding the timescales of soil carbon persistence using radiocarbon and chronosequence studies, (c) synthesizing long-term and experimental data to inform carbon stock vulnerability to global change, (d) quantifying root influences on soil carbon and (e) identifying gaps in model\u2013data integration. We also describe the landscape of soil datasets currently available, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses and synergies. Now more than ever, integrated soil data are needed to inform climate mitigation, land management and agricultural practices. This report will aid new data users in navigating various soil databases and encourage scientists to make their measurements publicly available and to join forces to find soil-related solutions.

", "keywords": ["long-term ecological research", "2. Zero hunger", "soil chronosequence", "model\u2013data integration", "soil carbon stabilization", "Soil carbon data", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "wetland carbon", "6. Clean water", "root traits", "soil database", "soil radiocarbon", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0309133319873309"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11820/8916c5c3-7d9f-49a8-86bc-f621eb79d53a"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Progress%20in%20Physical%20Geography%3A%20Earth%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11820/8916c5c3-7d9f-49a8-86bc-f621eb79d53a", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11820/8916c5c3-7d9f-49a8-86bc-f621eb79d53a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11820/8916c5c3-7d9f-49a8-86bc-f621eb79d53a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3110548619", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-30", "title": "Soil element coupling is driven by ecological context and atomic mass", "description": "Abstract

The biogeochemical cycling of multiple soil elements is fundamental for life on Earth. Here, we conducted a global field survey across 16 chronosequences from contrasting biomes with soil ages ranging from centuries to millions of years. For this, we collected and analysed 435 topsoil samples (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) from 87 locations. We showed that high levels of topsoil element coupling, defined as the average correlation among nineteen soil elements, are maintained over geological timescales globally. Cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90biome changes in plant biodiversity, soil microbial structure, weathering, soil pH and texture, and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90free unprotected organic matter content largely controlled multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90element coupling. Moreover, elements with heavier atomic mass were naturally more decoupled and unpredictable in space than those with lighter mass. Only the coupling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, which are essential to life on Earth, deviated from this predictable pattern, suggesting that this anomaly may be an undeniable fingerprint of life in terrestrial soils.