Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is a promising way to mitigate the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Based on a simple ratio between CO2 anthropogenic emissions and SOC stocks worldwide, it has been suggested that a 0.4% (4 per 1000) yearly increase in SOC stocks could compensate for current anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Here, we used a reverse RothC modelling approach to estimate the amount of C inputs to soils required to sustain current SOC stocks and to increase them by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 per year over a period of 30\uffc2\uffa0years. We assessed the feasibility of this aspirational target first by comparing the required C input with net primary productivity (NPP) flowing to the soil, and second by considering the SOC saturation concept. Calculations were performed for mainland France, at a 1\uffc2\uffa0km grid cell resolution. Results showed that a 30%\uffe2\uff80\uff9340% increase in C inputs to soil would be needed to obtain a 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 increase per year over a 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period. 88.4% of cropland areas were considered unsaturated in terms of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated SOC, but characterized by a below target C balance, that is, less NPP available than required to reach the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 aspirational target. Conversely, 90.4% of unimproved grasslands were characterized by an above target C balance, that is, enough NPP to reach the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 objective, but 59.1% were also saturated. The situation of improved grasslands and forests was more evenly distributed among the four categories (saturated vs. unsaturated and above vs below target C balance). Future data from soil monitoring networks should enable to validate these results. Overall, our results suggest that, for mainland France, priorities should be (1) to increase NPP returns in cropland soils that are unsaturated and have a below target carbon balance and (2) to preserve SOC stocks in other land uses.Biofuels have gained increasing attention as an alternative to fossil fuels for several reasons, one of which is their potential to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. Recent studies have questioned the validity of claims about the potential of biofuels to reduce GHG emissions relative to the liquid fossil fuels they are replacing when emissions owing to direct (DLUC) and indirect land use changes (ILUC) that accompany biofuels are included in the life cycle GHG intensity of biofuels. Studies estimate that the GHG emissions released from ILUC could more than offset the direct GHG savings by producing biofuels and replacing liquid fossil fuels and create a \uffe2\uff80\uff98carbon debt\uffe2\uff80\uff99 with a long payback period. The estimates of this payback period, however, vary widely across biofuels from different feedstocks and even for a single biofuel across different modelling assumptions. In the case of corn ethanol, this payback period is found to range from 15 to 200 years. We discuss the challenges in estimating the ILUC effect of a biofuel and differences across biofuels, and its sensitivity to the assumptions and policy scenarios considered by different economic models. We also discuss the implications of ILUC for designing policies that promote biofuels and seek to reduce GHG emissions. In a first-best setting, a global carbon tax is needed to set both DLUC and ILUC emissions to their optimal levels. However, it is unclear whether unilateral GHG mitigation policies, even if they penalize the ILUC-related emissions, would increase social welfare and lead to optimal emission levels. In the absence of a global carbon tax, incentivizing sustainable land use practices through certification standards, government regulations and market-based pressures may be a viable option for reducing ILUC.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mairi J. Black, Madhu Khanna, Christine L. Crago, Christine L. Crago,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/SSRN%20Electronic%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-13", "title": "Methane Emissions By Alpine Plant Communities In The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", "description": "For the first time to our knowledge, we report here methane emissions by plant communities in alpine ecosystems in the Qinghai\uffe2\uff80\uff93Tibet Plateau. This has been achieved through long-term field observations from June 2003 to July 2006 using a closed chamber technique. Strong methane emission at the rate of 26.2\uffc2\uffb11.2 and 7.8\uffc2\uffb11.1\uffe2\uff80\uff8a\uffce\uffbcg CH 4 m \uffe2\uff88\uff922 \uffe2\uff80\uff8ah \uffe2\uff88\uff921 was observed for a grass community in a Kobresia humilis meadow and a Potentilla fruticosa meadow, respectively. A shrub community in the Potentilla meadow consumed atmospheric methane at the rate of 5.8\uffc2\uffb11.3\uffe2\uff80\uff8a\uffce\uffbcg CH 4 m \uffe2\uff88\uff922 \uffe2\uff80\uff8ah \uffe2\uff88\uff921 on a regional basis; plants from alpine meadows contribute at least 0.13\uffe2\uff80\uff8aTg CH 4 yr \uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the Tibetan Plateau. This finding has important implications with regard to the regional methane budget and species-level difference should be considered when assessing methane emissions by plants.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Potentilla", "Cyperaceae", "Volatilization", "15. Life on land", "Tibet", "Methane", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "How Can Land-Use Modelling Tools Inform Bioenergy Policies?", "description": "Targets for bioenergy have been set worldwide to mitigate climate change. Although feedstock sources are often ambiguous, pledges in European nations, the United States and Brazil amount to more than 100 Mtoe of biorenewable fuel production by 2020. As a consequence, the biofuel sector is developing rapidly, and it is increasingly important to distinguish bioenergy options that can address energy security and greenhouse gas mitigation from those that cannot. This paper evaluates how bioenergy production affects land-use change (LUC), and to what extent land-use modelling can inform sound decision-making. We identified local and global internalities and externalities of biofuel development scenarios, reviewed relevant data sources and modelling approaches, identified sources of controversy about indirect LUC (iLUC) and then suggested a framework for comprehensive assessments of bioenergy. Ultimately, plant biomass must be managed to produce energy in a way that is consistent with the management of food, feed, fibre, timber and environmental services. Bioenergy production provides opportunities for improved energy security, climate mitigation and rural development, but the environmental and social consequences depend on feedstock choices and geographical location. The most desirable solutions for bioenergy production will include policies that incentivize regionally integrated management of diverse resources with low inputs, high yields, co-products, multiple benefits and minimal risks of iLUC. Many integrated assessment models include energy resources, trade, technological development and regional environmental conditions, but do not account for biodiversity and lack detailed data on the location of degraded and underproductive lands that would be ideal for bioenergy production. Specific practices that would maximize the benefits of bioenergy production regionally need to be identified before a global analysis of bioenergy-related LUC can be accomplished.
", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "MISCANTHUS", "330", "550", "AGRICULTURE", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "ENERGY", "03 medical and health sciences", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "BENEFITS", "11. Sustainability", "feedstocks", "SWITCHGRASS", "indirect land-use change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "15. Life on land", "biofuels", "NITROGEN", "greenhouse gas", "13. Climate action", "BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK", "environmental economics", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Interface%20Focus", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rsos.181428", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-13", "title": "Hydrological controls on river network connectivity", "description": "This study proposes a probabilistic approach for the quantitative assessment of reach- and network-scale hydrological connectivity as dictated by river flow space\uffe2\uff80\uff93time variability. Spatial dynamics of daily streamflows are estimated based on climatic and morphological features of the contributing catchment, integrating a physically based approach that accounts for the stochasticity of rainfall with a water balance framework and a geomorphic recession flow analysis. Ecologically meaningful minimum stage thresholds are used to evaluate the connectivity of individual stream reaches, and other relevant network-scale connectivity metrics. The framework allows a quantitative description of the main hydrological causes and the ecological consequences of water depth dynamics experienced by river networks. The analysis shows that the spatial variability of local-scale hydrological connectivity is strongly affected by the spatial and temporal distribution of climatic variables. Depending on the underlying climatic settings and the critical stage threshold, loss of connectivity can be observed in the headwaters or along the main channel, thereby originating a fragmented river network. The proposed approach provides important clues for understanding the effect of climate on the ecological function of river corridors.
", "keywords": ["streamflow dynamics", "13. Climate action", "Science", "hydrological connectivity", "Q", "0207 environmental engineering", "Earth Science", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "ecohydrology", "6. Clean water", "river fragmentation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.181428"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181428"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Royal%20Society%20Open%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rsos.181428", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rsos.181428", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rsos.181428"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rspb.2020.2063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-25", "title": "Species richness promotes ecosystem carbon storage: evidence from biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments", "description": "Plant diversity has a strong impact on a plethora of ecosystem functions and services, especially ecosystem carbon (C) storage. However, the potential context-dependency of biodiversity effects across ecosystem types, environmental conditions and carbon pools remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis by collecting data from 95 biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) studies across 60 sites to explore the effects of plant diversity on different C pools, including aboveground and belowground plant biomass, soil microbial biomass C and soil C content across different ecosystem types. The results showed that ecosystem C storage was significantly enhanced by plant diversity, with stronger effects on aboveground biomass than on soil C content. Moreover, the response magnitudes of ecosystem C storage increased with the level of species richness and experimental duration across all ecosystems. The effects of plant diversity were more pronounced in grasslands than in forests. Furthermore, the effects of plant diversity on belowground plant biomass increased with aridity index in grasslands and forests, suggesting that climate change might modulate biodiversity effects, which are stronger under wetter conditions but weaker under more arid conditions. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the important role of plant diversity in ecosystem C storage across critical C pools, ecosystem types and environmental contexts.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Soil", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Biodiversity", "Biomass", "14. Life underwater", "Forests", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2020.2063"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rspb.2020.2063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rspb.2020.2063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rspb.2020.2063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rspa.2019.0098", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-14", "title": "Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters: the role of subglacial weathering in the silicon cycle", "description": "Glacial environments play an important role in high-latitude marine nutrient cycling, potentially contributing significant fluxes of silicon (Si) to the polar oceans, either as dissolved silicon (DSi) or as dissolvable amorphous silica (ASi). Silicon is a key nutrient in promoting marine primary productivity, contributing to atmospheric CO 2 removal. We present the current understanding of Si cycling in glacial systems, focusing on the Si isotope (\uffce\uffb4 30 Si) composition of glacial meltwaters. We combine existing glacial \uffce\uffb4 30 Si data with new measurements from 20 sub-Arctic glaciers, showing that glacial meltwaters consistently export isotopically light DSi compared with non-glacial rivers (+0.16\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 versus +1.38\uffe2\uff80\uffb0). Glacial \uffce\uffb4 30 Si ASi composition ranges from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.05\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 to \uffe2\uff88\uff920.86\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 but exhibits low seasonal variability. Silicon fluxes and \uffce\uffb4 30 Si composition from glacial systems are not commonly included in global Si budgets and isotopic mass balance calculations at present. We discuss outstanding questions, including the formation mechanism of ASi and the export of glacial nutrients from fjords. Finally, we provide a contextual framework for the recent advances in our understanding of subglacial Si cycling and highlight critical research avenues for assessing potential future changes in these environments. A nutrient addition experiment was set up in August 1993 in a species\uffe2\uff80\uff93rich primary lowland dipterocarp forest in Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The following treatments were applied: control, +N, +P and +NP. There were five blocks of four 50 m times 50 m plots with a separate treatment for each plot. Fine litterfall was measured on all the plots from l May 1994 for 12 months. Litterfall mass and phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher in all the fertilizer treatments compared with the controls. All trees (greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh) were measured in August 1993 and in August 1998, and there was no significant girth increment response to fertilization in dipterocarps or non\uffe2\uff80\uff93dipterocarps. Dipterocarps of the red meranti group showed a doubling of girth increment in the +NP treatment, however, the difference from the control fell short of significance.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Tropical Climate", "Indonesia", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fertilizers", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "Trees"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0524"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20London.%20Series%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.1999.0524", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.1999.0524", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.1999.0524"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-11-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-08", "title": "Tropical land carbon cycle responses to 2015/16 El Ni\u00f1o as recorded by atmospheric greenhouse gas and remote sensing data", "description": "The outstanding tropical land climate characteristic over the past decades is rapid warming, with no significant large-scale precipitation trends. This warming is expected to continue but the effects on tropical vegetation are unknown. El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o-related heat peaks may provide a test bed for a future hotter world. Here we analyse tropical land carbon cycle responses to the 2015/16 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o heat and drought anomalies using an atmospheric transport inversion. Based on the global atmospheric CO 2 and fossil fuel emission records, we find no obvious signs of anomalously large carbon release compared with earlier El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o events, suggesting resilience of tropical vegetation. We find roughly equal net carbon release anomalies from Amazonia and tropical Africa, approximately 0.5 PgC each, and smaller carbon release anomalies from tropical East Asia and southern Africa. Atmospheric CO anomalies reveal substantial fire carbon release from tropical East Asia peaking in October 2015 while fires contribute only a minor amount to the Amazonian carbon flux anomaly. Anomalously large Amazonian carbon flux release is consistent with downregulation of primary productivity during peak negative near-surface water anomaly (October 2015 to March 2016) as diagnosed by solar-induced fluorescence. Finally, we find an unexpected anomalous positive flux to the atmosphere from tropical Africa early in 2016, coincident with substantial CO release.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The impact of the 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications\uffe2\uff80\uff99.
", "keywords": ["Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics", "FLUX", "0301 basic medicine", "Hot Temperature", "550", "551", "global warming", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon Cycle", "Greenhouse Gases", "03 medical and health sciences", "[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL", "carbon cycle", "INVERSION", "Biology", "TEMPERATURE", "11 Medical and Health Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "tropical forests", "El Nino-Southern Oscillation", "Evolutionary Biology", "Tropical Climate", "Science & Technology", "Atmosphere", "PHOTOSYNTHESIS", "EQUATORIAL PACIFIC", "Articles", "06 Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "13. Climate action", "PRECIPITATION", "Remote Sensing Technology", "INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "CO2", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "SENSITIVITY", "environment", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "fire"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/135234/8/Tropical%20land%20carbon%20cycle%20responses%20to%202015/16%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20as%20recorded%20by%20atmospheric%20greenhouse%20gas%20and%20remote%20sensing%20data.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2021.11.19.468202", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:47Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2021-11-20", "title": "Smart soils to observe hidden rhizosphere processes", "description": "SummaryAgriculture must reduce green-house gas emission and pollution, produce safer and healthier food, closer to home, reducing waste whilst delivering more diverse diets to a growing world population. Soils could enable this transformation, but unfortunately, they have a hugely complex and opaque structure and studies of its myriad of mechanisms are difficult. Here, the fabrication of smart soils for the screening of below-ground bio-processes is demonstrated. Particles were generated from fluoropolymer waste with functionalisation converting them into sensors able to report on key chemical dynamics. Tailored functionalization was obtained by radical terpolymerisation to improve growth conditions and sensing capabilities. The study demonstrates the potential for the development of accelerated genetic or agrochemical screens and could pave the way for improved models for rhizosphere dynamics.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.19.468202"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/2021.11.19.468202", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/2021.11.19.468202", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/2021.11.19.468202"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rsta.2023.0139", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-10", "title": "Relating mineral\u2013organic matter stabilization mechanisms to carbon quality and age distributions using ramped thermal analysis", "description": "Organic carbon (OC) association with soil minerals stabilizes OC on timescales reflecting the strength of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff93C interactions. We applied ramped thermal oxidation to subsoil B horizons with different mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff93C associations to separate OC according to increasing temperature of oxidation, i.e. thermal activation energy. Generally, OC released at lower temperatures was richer in bioavailable forms like polysaccharides, while OC released at higher temperatures was more aromatic. Organic carbon associated with pedogenic oxides was released at lower temperatures and had a narrow range of 14 C content. By contrast, N-rich compounds were released at higher temperatures from samples with 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89:\uffe2\uff80\uff891 clays and short-range ordered (SRO) amorphous minerals. Temperatures of release overlapped for SRO minerals and crystalline oxides, although the mean age of OC released was older for the SRO. In soils with more mixed mineralogy, the added presence of older OC released at temperatures greater than 450\uffc2\uffb0C from clays resulted in a broader distribution of OC ages within the sample, especially for soils rich in 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89:\uffe2\uff80\uff891 layer expandable clays such as smectite. While pedogenic setting affects mineral stability and absolute OC age, mineralogy controls the structure of OC age distribution within a sample, which may provide insight into model structures and OC dynamics under changing conditions.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene\uffe2\uff80\uff99. The Amazon Basin experiences severe droughts that may become more common in the future. Little is known of the effects of such droughts on Amazon forest productivity and carbon allocation. We tested the prediction that severe drought decreases litterfall and wood production but potentially has multiple cancelling effects on belowground production within a 7-year partial throughfall exclusion experiment. We simulated an approximately 35\uffe2\uff80\uff9341% reduction in effective rainfall from 2000 through 2004 in a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff8aha plot and compared forest response with a similar control plot. Wood production was the most sensitive component of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) to drought, declining by 13% the first year and up to 62% thereafter. Litterfall declined only in the third year of drought, with a maximum difference of 23% below the control plot. Soil CO 2 efflux and its 14 C signature showed no significant treatment response, suggesting similar amounts and sources of belowground production. ANPP was similar between plots in 2000 and declined to a low of 41% below the control plot during the subsequent treatment years, rebounding to only a 10% difference during the first post-treatment year. Live aboveground carbon declined by 32.5\uffe2\uff80\uff8aMg\uffe2\uff80\uff8aha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 through the effects of drought on ANPP and tree mortality. Results of this unreplicated, long-term, large-scale ecosystem manipulation experiment demonstrate that multi-year severe drought can substantially reduce Amazon forest carbon stocks.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "wood production", "above-ground net primary productivity", "drought", "Medical and Health Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Disasters", "Soil", "Amazon", "litterfall", "global change", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Evolutionary Biology", "Tropical Climate", "Water", "Biological Sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Wood", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1b27s752/qt1b27s752.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2007.0031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2007.0031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2007.0031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2012.0102", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-08", "title": "Impact Of Grazing Intensity On Seasonal Variations In Soil Organic Carbon And Soil Co2 Efflux In Two Semiarid Grasslands In Southern Botswana", "description": "Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are an important source of organic carbon, and affect a range of ecosystem functions in arid and semiarid environments. Yet the impact of grazing disturbance on crust properties and soil CO 2 efflux remain poorly studied, particularly in African ecosystems. The effects of burial under wind-blown sand, disaggregation and removal of BSCs on seasonal variations in soil CO 2 efflux, soil organic carbon, chlorophyll a and scytonemin were investigated at two sites in the Kalahari of southern Botswana. Field experiments were employed to isolate CO 2 efflux originating from BSCs in order to estimate the C exchange within the crust. Organic carbon was not evenly distributed through the soil profile but concentrated in the BSC. Soil CO 2 efflux was higher in Kalahari Sand than in calcrete soils, but rates varied significantly with seasonal changes in moisture and temperature. BSCs at both sites were a small net sink of C to the soil. Soil CO 2 efflux was significantly higher in sand soils where the BSC was removed, and on calcrete where the BSC was buried under sand. The BSC removal and burial under sand also significantly reduced chlorophyll a , organic carbon and scytonemin . Disaggregation of the soil crust, however, led to increases in chlorophyll a and organic carbon. The data confirm the importance of BSCs for C cycling in drylands and indicate intensive grazing, which destroys BSCs through trampling and burial, will adversely affect C sequestration and storage. Managed grazing, where soil surfaces are only lightly disturbed, would help maintain a positive carbon balance in African drylands.
", "keywords": ["Chlorophyll", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Botswana", "Indoles", "Chlorophyll A", "Temperature", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon", "Fires", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "Phenols", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Herbivory", "Seasons", "Desert Climate", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Andrew D. Thomas", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0102"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2012.0102", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2012.0102", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2012.0102"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0408", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-08", "title": "Widespread reduction in sun-induced fluorescence from the Amazon during the 2015/2016 El Ni\u00f1o", "description": "The tropical carbon balance dominates year-to-year variations in the CO 2 exchange with the atmosphere through photosynthesis, respiration and fires. Because of its high correlation with gross primary productivity (GPP), observations of sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) are of great interest. We developed a new remotely sensed SIF product with improved signal-to-noise in the tropics, and use it here to quantify the impact of the 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o\uffc2\uffa0Amazon drought. We find that SIF was strongly suppressed over areas with anomalously high temperatures and decreased levels of water in the soil. SIF went below its climatological range starting from the end of the 2015 dry season (October) and returned to normal levels by February 2016 when atmospheric conditions returned to normal, but well before the end of anomalously low precipitation that persisted through June 2016. Impacts were not uniform across the Amazon basin, with the eastern part experiencing much larger (10\uffe2\uff80\uff9315%) SIF reductions than the western part of the basin (2\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). We estimate the integrated loss of GPP relative to eight previous years to be 0.34\uffe2\uff80\uff930.48 PgC in the three-month period October\uffe2\uff80\uff93November\uffe2\uff80\uff93December 2015.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The impact of the 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications\uffe2\uff80\uff99.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "FLUXES", "El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation", "Amazon rainforest", "sun-induced fluorescence", "El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation", "drought response", "Forests", "SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION", "01 natural sciences", "Fluorescence", "Trees", "SCIAMACHY", "03 medical and health sciences", "GOME-2", "ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE", "SATELLITE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "El Nino-Southern Oscillation", "Amazone rainforest", "Articles", "15. Life on land", "tropical terrestrial carbon cycle", "gross primary production", "TERRESTRIAL CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "SIMULATIONS", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "CLIMATE", "13. Climate action", "BALANCE", "Remote Sensing Technology", "Sunlight", "Brazil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2017.0408"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0408"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0408", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0408", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2017.0408"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.12315", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-10", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon Fractions After Afforestation With Xerophytic Shrubs In The Tengger Desert, Northern China", "description": "SummaryAfforestation is an important means of controlling desertification and of restoring vegetation on land that has become desert. The procedure leads to changes in the dynamics of organic carbon (C) in the soil as xerophytic shrubs are established, but the dynamics are still poorly understood, partly because of the lack of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term observations. Progressive measures to bind sand dunes along the route of theBaotou\uffe2\uff80\uff93Lanzhou railway on the south eastern edge of theTenggerDesert inChina, which were begun in 1956, provide the opportunity to study such changes. We sampled the topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) from 10 sites that represent a chronosequence and vary in age from 1 to 57 years since sand\uffe2\uff80\uff90binding measures and afforestation were begun. These measures evidently trapped increasing amounts of clay and silt, and with them increased the concentrations of both available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K). By analysing the organicCin the samples we have been able to describe quantitatively the changes in severalCfractions over time. We found that totalC, its light and heavy fractions, dissolvedCand microbialCall increase slowly at first after afforestation, then more rapidly, and then at a decreasing rate. They seem to be examples of logistic growth and could be described by logistic equations. The light fraction increased faster than the totalC, as did the microbialCduring the first 19 years. The lightCfraction was the most sensitive for identifying changes in soilCafter afforestation. Over the full 57 years, the contributions of the light and microbial fractions to totalCincreased, while those of the heavy fraction and dissolvedCdecreased. Our results suggest that the proportion ofCin labile pools increased, but the proportion in stable pools decreased, which would increase the risk of substantial losses ofCcaused by potential global warming and human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced disturbances.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xufang Li, Huili Yang, Xin-ping Wang, Xiao-jun Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12315"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.12315", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.12315", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.12315"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2020.0169", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-08", "title": "The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People", "description": "This theme issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). The papers in this issue show that soils can contribute positively to the delivery of all NCP. These contributions can be maximized through careful soil management to provide healthy soils, but poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to the delivery of NCP. Soils are also shown to contribute positively to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Papers in the theme issue emphasize the need for careful soil management. Priorities for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems, protect them from conversion and degradation, (ii) for managed soils, manage in a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health, productivity and sustainability and to prevent degradation, and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. Our knowledge of what constitutes sustainable soil management is mature enough to implement best management practices, in order to maintain and improve soil health. The papers in this issue show the vast potential of soils to contribute to NCP. This is not only desirable, but essential to sustain a healthy planet and if we are to deliver sustainable development in the decades to come.
This article is part of the theme issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The role of soils in delivering Nature\uffe2\uff80\uff99s Contributions to People\uffe2\uff80\uff99.This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems,protectthem from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils,managein a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come.
This article is part of the theme issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People\uffe2\uff80\uff99.This paper aims to perform a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of the literature comparing the environmental impacts of organic and conventional farming and linking these to differences in management practises. The studied environmental impacts are related to land use efficiency, organic matter content in the soil, nitrate and phosphate leaching to the water system, greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity.
Design/methodology/approachThe theoretic framework uses the driver\uffe2\uff80\uff90state\uffe2\uff80\uff90response framework and literature data were analysed using meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis methodology. Meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis is the statistical analysis of multiple study results. Data were obtained by screening peer reviewed literature.
FindingsFrom the paper's meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis it can conclude that soils in organic farming systems have on average a higher content of organic matter. It can also conclude that organic farming contributes positively to agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90biodiversity (breeds used by the farmers) and natural biodiversity (wild life). Concerning the impact of the organic farming system on nitrate and phosphorous leaching and greenhouse gas emissions the result of the analysis is not that straightforward. When expressed per production area organic farming scores better than conventional farming for these items. However, given the lower land use efficiency of organic farming in developed countries, this positive effect expressed per unit product is less pronounced or not present at all.
Original valueGiven the recent growth of organic farming and the general perception that organic farming is more environment friendly than its conventional counterpart, it is interesting to explore whether it meets the alleged benefits. By combining several studies in one analysis, the technique of meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis is powerful and may allow the generation of more nuanced findings and the generalisation of those findings.
", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS", "Environmental management", "NEW-ZEALAND", "CROPPING SYSTEMS", "NITROUS-OXIDE", "SOUTHERN GERMANY", "Agriculture", "SOIL QUALITY INDICATORS", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "MODELING APPROACH", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Organic foods", "12. Responsible consumption", "Europe", "13. Climate action", "LEACHING LOSSES", "PHOSPHORUS P", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LONG-TERM CHANGES"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mondelaers, Koen, Aertsens, Joris, Van Huylenbroeck, Guido,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700910992925"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/British%20Food%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1108/00070700910992925", "name": "item", "description": "10.1108/00070700910992925", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1108/00070700910992925"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1099/mic.0.000931", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-22", "title": "Microbial metabolism of isoprene: a much-neglected climate-active gas", "description": "The climate-active gas isoprene is the major volatile produced by a variety of trees and is released into the atmosphere in enormous quantities, on a par with global emissions of methane. While isoprene production in plants and its effect on atmospheric chemistry have received considerable attention, research into the biological isoprene sink has been neglected until recently. Here, we review current knowledge on the sources and sinks of isoprene and outline its environmental effects. Focusing on degradation by microbes, many of which are able to use isoprene as the sole source of carbon and energy, we review recent studies characterizing novel isoprene degraders isolated from soils, marine sediments and in association with plants. We describe the development and use of molecular methods to identify, quantify and genetically characterize isoprene-degrading strains in environmental samples. Finally, this review identifies research imperatives for the further study of the environmental impact, ecology, regulation and biochemistry of this interesting group of microbes.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "550", "Bacteria", "Review", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "03 medical and health sciences", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Hemiterpenes", "Genes", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Butadienes", "Seawater", "Metabolic Networks and Pathways", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/75324/1/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://repository.essex.ac.uk/29368/1/Microbial%20metabolism%20of%20isoprene%20a%20much-neglected%20climate-active%20gas.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000931"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1099/mic.0.000931", "name": "item", "description": "10.1099/mic.0.000931", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1099/mic.0.000931"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1100/tsw.2001.450", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-23", "title": "The Impact Of Long-Term Nitrogen Addition On Microbial Community Composition In Three Hawaiian Forest Soils", "description": "We evaluated the microbial communities in three Hawaiian forest soils along a natural fertility gradient and compared their distinct responses to long-term nitrogen (N) additions. The sites studied have the same elevation, climate, and dominant vegetation, but vary in age of development, and thus in soil nutrient availability and nutrient limitation to plant growth. Fertilized plots at each site have received 100 kg ha year-1N addition for at least 8 years. Soil parameters, water content, pH, and ammonium and nitrate availability differed by site, but not between control and N-addition treatments within a site at the time of sampling. Microbial biomass also varied by site, but was not affected by N addition. In contrast, microbial community composition (measured by phospholipid analysis) varied among sites and between control and N-addition plots within a site. These data suggest that microbial community composition responds to N addition even when plant net primary productivity is limited by nutrients other than N. This may have implications for the behavior of forests impacted by atmospheric N deposition that are considered to be \uffe2\uff80\uff9cnitrogen saturated,\uffe2\uff80\uff9d yet still retain N in the soil.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "Tropical Climate", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "T", "Science", "Q", "R", "Fungi", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Hawaii", "6. Clean water", "Time", "Trees", "Soil", "Viruses", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Teri C. Balser", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.450"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20JOURNAL", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1100/tsw.2001.450", "name": "item", "description": "10.1100/tsw.2001.450", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1100/tsw.2001.450"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2020.09.25.313288", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:46Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-09-26", "title": "Microbial map of the world\u2019s vineyards: Applying the concept of microbial terroir on a global scale.", "description": "AbstractThe specific microbial biodiversity linked to a particular vineyard location is reported to be a crucial aspect, in conjunction with edaphic, climatic and human factors, in the concept of wineterroir. These biogeographical patterns are known as microbialterroirs.
This study applied an HTS amplicon library approach in order to conduct a global survey of vineyards\uffe2\uff80\uff99 soil microbial communities. In all, soil samples from 200 vineyards on four continents were analysed in an attempt to establish the basis for the development of a vineyard soil microbiome map to represent microbial wineterroirson a global scale.
This study established links between vineyard locations and microbial biodiversity on different scales: between continents and countries, and between different wine regions within the same country. Geography had a strong effect on the composition of microbial communities on a global scale, which was also maintained on a country scale. Furthermore, a predictive model was developed, based on random forest analyses, to discriminate between microbial patterns in order to identify the geographical source of the samples with reasonable precision. Finally this study is the first to describe the microbial community of new and northern wine-producing regions, such as Denmark, that could be of great interest for viticulture adaptation in a context of climate change.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.25.313288"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/2020.09.25.313288", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/2020.09.25.313288", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/2020.09.25.313288"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.04040-14", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-24", "title": "Fungal Communities Respond To Long-Term Co2 Elevation By Community Reassembly", "description": "ABSTRACTFungal communities play a major role as decomposers in the Earth's ecosystems. Their community-level responses to elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ), one of the major global change factors impacting ecosystems, are not well understood. Using 28S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and co-occurrence ecological network approaches, we analyzed the response of soil fungal communities in the BioCON (biodiversity, CO 2 , and N deposition) experimental site in Minnesota, USA, in which a grassland ecosystem has been exposed to eCO 2 for 12 years. Long-term eCO 2 did not significantly change the overall fungal community structure and species richness, but significantly increased community evenness and diversity. The relative abundances of 119 operational taxonomic units (OTU; \uffe2\uff88\uffbc27% of the total captured sequences) were changed significantly. Significantly changed OTU under eCO 2 were associated with decreased overall relative abundance of Ascomycota, but increased relative abundance of Basidiomycota. Co-occurrence ecological network analysis indicated that eCO 2 increased fungal community network complexity, as evidenced by higher intermodular and intramodular connectivity and shorter geodesic distance. In contrast, decreased connections for dominant fungal species were observed in the eCO 2 network. Community reassembly of unrelated fungal species into highly connected dense modules was observed. Such changes in the co-occurrence network topology were significantly associated with altered soil and plant properties under eCO 2 , especially with increased plant biomass and NH 4 + availability. This study provided novel insights into how eCO 2 shapes soil fungal communities in grassland ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "electric network topology", "Minnesota", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Fungi", "carbon dioxide", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Biota", "DNA", " Ribosomal", "333", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 28S", "11. Sustainability", "fungi", "ecology", "DNA", " Fungal", "Soil Microbiology", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.04040-14"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.04040-14", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.04040-14", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.04040-14"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2021.09.11.459883", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:46Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2021-09-12", "title": "Vegetation structure determines cyanobacterial communities during soil development across global biomes", "description": "SummarySoil cyanobacteria play essential ecological roles and are known to experience large changes in their diversity and abundance throughout early succession. However, much less is known about how and why soil cyanobacterial communities change as soil develops from centuries to millennia, and the effects of aboveground vegetation on these communities.
We combined an extensive field survey including 16 global soil chronosequences across contrasting ecosystems (from deserts to tropical forests) with molecular analyses to investigate how the diversity and abundance of soil cyanobacteria under vegetation change during soil development from hundreds to thousands of years.
We show that, in most chronosequences, the abundance, species richness and community composition of soil cyanobacteria were relatively stable as soil develops (from centuries to millennia). Regardless of soil age, forest chronosequences were consistently dominated by non-photosynthetic cyanobacteria (Vampirovibrionia), while grasslands and shrublands were dominated by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chronosequences undergoing drastic vegetation shifts during soil development (e.g. transitions from grasslands to forests) experienced significant changes in the composition of soil cyanobacteria communities.
Our results advance our understanding of the ecology of cyanobacterial classes, specially the understudied non-photosynthetic ones and highlight the key role of vegetation as a major driver of their temporal dynamics as soil develops.
The terrestrial subsurface contains nearly all of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s freshwater reserves1 and harbors upwards of 60% of our planet\uffe2\uff80\uff99s total prokaryotic biomass2,3. While genetic surveys suggest these organisms rely on in situ carbon fixation, rather than the translocation of photosynthetically derived organic carbon4\uffe2\uff80\uff936, corroborating measurements of carbon fixation in the subsurface are absent. Using a novel ultra-low level 14C-labeling technique, we show that in situ carbon fixation rates in a carbonate aquifer reached 10% of the median rates measured in oligotrophic marine surface waters, and were up to six-fold greater than those observed in lower euphotic zone waters where deep chlorophyll levels peak. Empirical carbon fixation rates were substantiated by both nitrification and anammox rate data. Metagenomic analyses revealed a remarkable abundance of putative chemolithoautotrophic members of an uncharacterized order of Nitrospiria \uffe2\uff80\uff93 the first representatives of this class expected to fix carbon via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Based on these fixation rates, we extrapolate global primary production in carbonate groundwaters to be 0.11 Pg of carbon per year.Filling the global biodiversity financing gap will require significant investments from financial markets, which demand credible valuations of ecosystem services and natural capital. However, current valuation approaches discourage investment in conservation because their results cannot be verified using market-determined prices. Here, we bridge the gap between finance and conservation by valuing only wild animals\uffe2\uff80\uff99 carbon services for which market prices exist. By projecting the future path of carbon service production using a spatially-explicit demographic model, we place a credible value on the carbon-capture services produced by African forest elephants. If elephants were protected, their services would be worth $35.9 billion (24.3-41.2) and store 377 MtC (318-388) across tropical Africa. Our methodology can also place lower bounds on the social cost of nature degradation. Poaching would result in $10-14 billion of lost carbon services. Our methodology enables the integration of animal services into global financial markets with major implications for conservation, local socio-economies, and conservation.Megaherbivores have pervasive ecological effects. In African rainforests, elephants can increase aboveground carbon, though the mechanisms are unclear. Here we combine a large unpublished dataset of forest elephant feeding with published browsing preferences totaling > 120,000 records covering 700 plant species, including nutritional data for 102 species. Elephants increase carbon stocks by: 1) promoting high wood density tree species via preferential browsing on leaves from low wood density species, which are more digestible; 2) dispersing seeds of trees that are relatively large and have the highest average wood density among tree guilds based on dispersal mode. Loss of forest elephants could cause a 5-12% decline in carbon stocks due to regeneration failure of elephant-dispersed trees and an increase in abundance of low wood density trees. These results show the major importance of megaherbivores in maintaining diverse, high-carbon tropical forests. Successful elephant conservation will contribute to climate mitigation at a scale of global relevance. Humus samples were collected 12 growing seasons after the start of a simulated acid rain experiment situated in the subarctic environment. The acid rain was simulated with H 2 SO 4 , a combination of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 , and HNO 3 at two levels of moderate acidic loads close to the natural anthropogenic pollution levels of southern Scandinavia. The higher levels of acid applications resulted in acidification, as defined by humus chemistry. The concentrations of base cations decreased, while the concentrations of exchangeable H + , Al, and Fe increased. Humus pH decreased from 3.83 to 3.65. Basal respiration decreased with decreasing humus pH, and total microbial biomass, measured by substrate-induced respiration and total amount of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), decreased slightly. An altered PLFA pattern indicated a change in the microbial community structure at the higher levels of acid applications. In general, branched fatty acids, typical of gram-positive bacteria, increased in the acid plots. PLFA analysis performed on the bacterial community growing on agar plates also showed that the relative amount of PLFA specific for gram-positive bacteria increased due to the acidification. The changed bacterial community was adapted to the more acidic environment in the acid-treated plots, even though bacterial growth rates, estimated by thymidine and leucine incorporation, decreased with pH. Fungal activity (measured as acetate incorporation into ergosterol) was not affected. This result indicates that bacteria were more affected than fungi by the acidification. The capacity of the bacterial community to utilize 95 different carbon sources was variable and only showed weak correlations to pH. Differences in the toxicities of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 for the microbial community were not found. ", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "toleranssi", "570", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "hapan sade", "mikrobiyhteis\u00f6", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pennanen, T., Fritze, H., Vanhala, P., Kiikkil\u00e4, O., Neuvonen, S., B\u00e5\u00e5th, E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2022.12.02.518905", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-04", "title": "Highly diverse and unknown viruses may enhance Antarctic endoliths\u2019 adaptability", "description": "AbstractRock-dwelling microorganisms are key players in ecosystem functioning of Antarctic ice free-areas. Yet, little is known about their diversity and ecology. Here, we performed metagenomic analyses on rocks from across Antarctica comprising >75,000 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUS). We found largely undescribed, highly diverse and spatially structured virus communities potentially influencing bacterial adaptation and biogeochemistry. This catalog lays the foundation for expanding knowledge of the virosphere in extreme environments.Soil spectroscopy is a widely used method for estimating soil properties that are important to environmental and agricultural monitoring. However, a bottleneck to its more widespread adoption is the need for establishing large reference datasets for training machine learning (ML) models, which are called soil spectral libraries (SSLs). Similarly, the prediction capacity of new samples is also subject to the number and diversity of soil types and conditions represented in the SSLs. To help bridge this gap and enable hundreds of stakeholders to collect more affordable soil data by leveraging a centralized open resource, the Soil Spectroscopy for Global Good has created the Open Soil Spectral Library (OSSL). In this paper, we describe the procedures for collecting and harmonizing several SSLs that are incorporated into the OSSL, followed by exploratory analysis and predictive modeling. The results of 10-fold cross-validation with refitting show that, in general, mid-infrared (MIR)-based models are significantly more accurate than visible and near-infrared (VisNIR) or near-infrared (NIR) models. From independent model evaluation, we found that Cubist comes out as the best-performing ML algorithm for the calibration and delivery of reliable outputs (prediction uncertainty and representation flag). Although many soil properties are well predicted, total sulfur, extractable sodium, and electrical conductivity performed poorly in all spectral regions, with some other extractable nutrients and physical soil properties also performing poorly in one or two spectral regions (VisNIR or Neospectra NIR). Hence, the use of predictive models based solely on spectral variations has limitations. This study also presents and discusses several other open resources that were developed from the OSSL, aspects of opening data, current limitations, and future development. With this genuinely open science project, we hope that OSSL becomes the driver of the soil spectroscopy community to accelerate the pace of scientific discovery and innovation.Plant roots integrate environmental signals and developmental programs using exquisite spatiotemporal control. This is apparent in the deposition of suberin, an apoplastic diffusion barrier, which regulates the entry and exit of water, solutes and gases, and is environmentally plastic. Suberin is considered a hallmark of endodermal differentiation, but we find that it is absent in the tomato endodermis during normal development. Instead, suberin is present in the exodermis, a cell type that is absent in the model organismArabidopsis thaliana. Here, we uncover genes driving exodermal suberization and describe its effects on drought responses in tomato, unravelling the similarities and differences with the paradigmatic Arabidopsis endodermis. Cellular resolution imaging, gene expression, and mutant analyses reveal loss of this program from the endodermis, and its co-option in the exodermis. Functional genetic analyses of the tomato MYB92 transcription factor and ASFT enzyme demonstrate the importance of exodermal suberin for a plant water-deficit response. Controlling the degree of exodermal suberization could be a new strategy for breeding climate-resilient plants.The opening and closing of plant stomata regulates the global water, carbon and energy cycles. Biophysical feedbacks on climate are highly dependent on transpiration, which is mediated by vegetation phenology and plant responses to stress conditions. Here, we explore the potential of satellite observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF)\uffe2\uff80\uff94normalized by photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR)\uffe2\uff80\uff94to diagnose the ratio of transpiration to potential evaporation (\uffe2\uff80\uff98transpiration efficiency\uffe2\uff80\uff99, \uffcf\uff84). This potential is validated at 25 eddy-covariance sites from seven biomes worldwide. The skill of the state-of-the-art land surface models (LSMs) from the eartH2Observe project to estimate \uffcf\uff84 is also contrasted against eddy-covariance data. Despite its relatively coarse (0.5\uffc2\uffb0) resolution, SIF/PAR estimates, based on data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) and the Clouds and Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s Radiant Energy System (CERES), correlate to the in situ \uffcf\uff84 significantly (average inter-site correlation of 0.59), with higher correlations during growing seasons (0.64) compared to decaying periods (0.53). In addition, the skill to diagnose the variability of in situ \uffcf\uff84 demonstrated by all LSMs is on average lower, indicating the potential of SIF data to constrain the formulations of transpiration in global models via, e.g., data assimilation. Overall, SIF/PAR estimates successfully capture the effect of phenological changes and environmental stress on natural ecosystem transpiration, adequately reflecting the timing of this variability without complex parameterizations.
", "keywords": ["VEGETATION DYNAMICS", "Science", "STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE", "0207 environmental engineering", "solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "transpiration", "CARBON", "GOME-2", "WATER", "PLANT", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "EVAPOTRANSPIRATION", "Q", "Biology and Life Sciences", "15. Life on land", "MODEL", "EVAPORATION", "SOIL", "PARTITIONING", "transpiration efficiency", "efficiency", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence; transpiration; transpiration efficiency; GOME-2; eddy-covariance", "eddy-covariance"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/413/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040413"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs11040413", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs11040413", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs11040413"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2024.04.05.588235", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:47Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2024-04-09", "title": "Land use effects on soil microbiome composition and traits with consequences for its ecosystem carbon use efficiency", "description": "AbstractThe soil microbiome determines the fate of belowground inputs of plant fixed carbon. The shifts in soil properties caused by changes in land use leads to modifications in microbiome structure and function, resulting in either loss or gain of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil pH is the primary factor regulating microbiome characteristics leading to distinct pathways of microbial carbon cycling, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Here, the taxa-trait relationships behind the variable fate of SOC were investigated across two temperate paired land use intensity contrasts with differing soil pH using metaproteomics, metabarcoding and a13C labelled litter decomposition experiment.13C incorporation into microbial biomass increased with land use intensification in low pH soils but decreased in high pH soils, impacting ecosystem carbon use efficiency (CUE) in opposing directions. Reduction in biosynthesis traits across land use intensity contrasts was due to increased abundance of proteins linked to resource acquisition and stress tolerance. These community-level trait trade-offs were underpinned by land use intensification-induced changes in dominant taxa with distinct traits. These trait changes alter the balance of decomposition and stabilisation of carbon in soil through divergent pH-controlled pathways. In low pH soils, land use intensification alleviates microbial abiotic stress resulting in increased CUE but promotes decomposition and SOC loss. In contrast, in high pH soils, land use intensification increases microbial physiological constraints and decreases CUE, leading to reduced necromass build-up and SOC stabilisation. We demonstrate how microbial CUE can be decoupled from SOC highlighting the need for its careful consideration in predicting or managing SOC storage for soil health and climate change mitigation.Resource acquisition and growth yield are fundamental traits of microorganisms that have consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of empirical observations linking these traits. Using a landscape-scale survey of temperate near-neutral pH soils, we show tradeoffs in key community-level parameters linked to these traits. Increased investment into extracellular enzymes was associated with reduced growth yield; this reduction was linked more to carbon than nitrogen acquisition enzymes suggesting smaller stoichiometric constraints on community metabolism in examined soils.Cyanobacteria are key organisms in the evolution of life on Earth, but their distribution and environmental preferences in terrestrial ecosystems remain poorly understood. This lack of knowledge is particularly evident for two recently discovered non-photosynthetic cyanobacterial classes, Melainabacteria and Sericytochromatia, limiting our capacity to predict how these organisms and the important ecosystem functions they perform will respond to ongoing global change. Here, we conducted a global field survey covering a wide range of vegetation types and climatic conditions to identify the environmental factors associated with the distribution of soil cyanobacterial communities. Network analyses revealed three major clusters of cyanobacterial phylotypes, each one dominated by members of one of the extant classes of Cyanobacteria (Oxyphotobacteria, Melainabacteria and Sericytochromatia), suggesting that species within these taxonomic groups share similar environmental preferences. Melainabacteria appear mostly in acidic and humid ecosystems, especially forests, Oxyphotobacteria are prevalent in arid and semiarid areas, and Sericytochromatia are common in hyperarid oligotrophic environments. We used this information to construct a global atlas of soil cyanobacteria. Our results provide novel insights into the ecology and biogeography of soil cyanobacteria and highlight how their global distribution could change in response to increased aridity, a landmark feature of climate change in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide.
Significance statementCyanobacteria have shaped the history of life on Earth and can be important photosynthesizers and nitrogen fixers in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. The recent discovery of two non-photosynthetic classes has advanced our understanding of their evolution, but their distribution and environmental preferences remain poorly described. Using a global survey conducted across 237 locations on six continents, we identified three main groups of soil cyanobacteria with contrasting environmental preferences: acidic and humid ecosystems, arid and semiarid areas, and hyperarid oligotrophic ecosystems. We then constructed the first global atlas of soil cyanobacteria, an important advance in our understanding of the ecology and biogeography of these functionally important organisms.The effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on water relations, leaf development, and gas-exchange characteristics in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Meteor) plants subjected to drought were investigated. Plants grown throughout their development under a high irradiance of UV-B radiation (0.63 W m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) were compared with those grown without UV-B radiation, and after 12 d one-half of the plants were subjected to 24 d of drought that resulted in mild water stress. UV-B radiation resulted in a decrease of adaxial stomatal conductance by approximately 65%, increasing stomatal limitation of CO2 uptake by 10 to 15%. However, there was no loss of mesophyll light-saturated photosynthetic activity. Growth in UV-B radiation resulted in large reductions of leaf area and plant biomass, which were associated with a decline in leaf cell numbers and cell division. UV-B radiation also inhibited epidermal cell expansion of the exposed surface of leaves. There was an interaction between UV-B radiation and drought treatments: UV-B radiation both delayed and reduced the severity of drought stress through reductions in plant water-loss rates, stomatal conductance, and leaf area.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Damian J. Allen, Salvador Nogu\u00e9s, Neil R. Baker, James I. L. Morison,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.117.1.173"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1104/pp.117.1.173", "name": "item", "description": "10.1104/pp.117.1.173", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1104/pp.117.1.173"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1108/14777831311291122", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-18", "title": "Assessing Environmental Impacts Of Biofuels Using Lifecycle\u2010Based Approaches", "description": "Purpose \u2013 The purpose of this paper is to inform decision makers about the data and information generated by commonly\u2010used, holistic environmental assessment approaches.Design/methodology/approach \u2013 Descriptions of eight types of lifecycle\u2010based methods are provided: Carbon/Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Management, Ecological Footprint, Energy Assessments, Fuel Cycle Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Risk Management (LCRM), Material Flow Analysis (MFA), and Sustainability Indicators. Example assessments of bio\u2010based products are provided because of the current environmental and socio\u2010economic relevance of bio\u2010feedstocks.Findings \u2013 Assessment methods that focus on single impact indicators, such as air emissions (Carbon Management and Fuel Cycle Analysis) and energy, typically show biofuels in a favorable light compared to conventional gasoline (petrol). Ecological Footprint addresses land use implications; LCRM addresses possible impacts to human and ecological health due to chemical contaminant exp...", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mary Ann Curran", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1108/14777831311291122"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Management%20of%20Environmental%20Quality%3A%20An%20International%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1108/14777831311291122", "name": "item", "description": "10.1108/14777831311291122", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1108/14777831311291122"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/iceea.2010.5596085", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-08", "title": "Phosphorus Limitation On Co
Recent research shows that earthworms can alter defense traits of plants against herbivores and pathogens by affecting soil biochemistry. Yet, the effects of invasive earthworms on defense traits of native plants from previously earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90free ecosystems as well as the consequences for multitrophic interactions are virtually unknown.
Here we use a combination of an observational study and a complementary experimental study to investigate the effects of invasive earthworms on leaf defense traits, herbivore damage and pathogen infection in two poplar tree species (Populus balsamifera and Populus tremuloides) native to North American boreal forests.
Our observational study showed that earthworm invasion was associated with enhanced leaf herbivory (by leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90chewing insects) in saplings of both tree species. However, we only detected significant shifts in the concentration of chemical defense compounds in response to earthworm invasion for P. balsamifera. Specifically, leaf phenolic concentrations, including salicinoids and catechin, were lower in P. balsamifera from earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded sites.
Our experimental study confirmed an earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in leaf defense levels in P. balsamifera for one of the defense compounds, tremulacin. The experimental study additionally showed that invasive earthworms reduced leaf dry matter content, potentially increasing leaf palatability, and enhanced susceptibility of trees to infection by a fungal pathogen, but not to aphid infestation, in the same tree species.
Synthesis. Our results show that invasive earthworms can decrease the concentrations of some chemical defense compounds in P. balsamifera, which could make them susceptible to leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90chewing insects. Such potential impacts of invasive earthworms are likely to have implications for tree survival and competition, native tree biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "multi-trophic interactions", "secondary metabolites", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "invasion ecology", "plant\u2013herbivore interactions", "13. Climate action", "international", "physical defense", "570 Life sciences; biology", "boreal forests", "Plan_S-Compliant_TA", "Research Articles", "belowground invasion"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/152111/1/1365-2745.13504.pdf"}, {"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13504"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2745.13504", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2745.13504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2745.13504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02157.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-30", "title": "Soil Fertility And Fine Root Dynamics In Response To 4 Years Of Nutrient (N, P, K) Fertilization In A Lowland Tropical Moist Forest, Panama", "description": "AbstractThe question of how tropical trees cope with infertile soils has been challenging to address, in part, because fine root dynamics must be studiedin situ. We used annual fertilization with nitrogen (N as urea, 12.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921), phosphorus (P as superphosphate, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83P\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and potassium (K as KCl, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83K\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) within 38\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha of old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth lowland tropical moist forest in Panama and examined fine root dynamics with minirhizotron images. We expected that added P, above all, would (i) decrease fine root biomass but, (ii) have no impact on fine root turnover. Soil in the study area was moderately acidic (pH\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff835.28), had moderate concentrations of exchangeable base cations (13.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83cmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921), low concentrations of Bray\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable phosphate (PO4\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff832.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and modest concentrations of KCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff835.0\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and KCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable ammonium (NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff8315.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Added N increased concentrations of KCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable NO3and acidified the soil by one pH unit. Added P increased concentrations of Bray\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable PO4and P in the labile fraction. Concentrations of exchangeable K were elevated in K addition plots but reduced by N additions. Fine root dynamics responded to added K rather than added P. After 2 years, added K decreased fine root biomass from 330 to 275\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922. The turnover coefficient of fine roots <1\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm diameter ranged from 2.6 to 4.4 per year, and the largest values occurred in plots with added K. This study supported the view that biomass and dynamics of fine roots respond to soil nutrient availability in species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich, lowland tropical moist forest. However, K rather than P elicited root responses. Fine roots smaller than 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm have a short lifetime (<140 days), and control of fine root production by nutrient availability in tropical forests deserves more study.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02157.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Austral%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02157.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02157.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02157.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924592", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-12", "title": "EO-based products in support of urban heat fluxes estimation", "description": "Presently, there is a growing need for information suitable to effectively characterize the Urban Energy Budget (UEB) and, hence, to properly estimate the magnitude of the anthropogenic heat flux Q F . Indeed, a precise knowledge of Q F - whose implications for urban planners are still prone to large uncertainties - is fundamental for implementing effective strategies to improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency. To address this challenging issue, the Horizon 2020 URBANFLUXES project aims at developing a novel methodology for accurately estimating the different terms of the UEB based on the use of Earth Observation (EO) data and, hence, at reliably characterizing the Q F spatiotemporal patterns and its implications on urban climate. In this paper, we aim at giving an overview of the EO-based products which have been identified as the most useful in the framework of the considered study. In particular, the suite which has been implemented so far in the first phase of the project includes biophysical parameters, morphology parameters as well as land-cover maps.", "keywords": ["Anthropogenic Heat Flux", "H2020 URBANFLUXES", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Earth Observation", "Urban Remote Sensing", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/7919506/7924526/07924592.pdf?arnumber=7924592"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924592"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2017%20Joint%20Urban%20Remote%20Sensing%20Event%20%28JURSE%29", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924592", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924592", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924592"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172731", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-21", "title": "The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation: An Earth Science Imaging Spectroscopy Mission", "description": "The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation, EMIT, is planned to operate from the International Space Station starting no earlier than the fall of 2021. EMIT will use visible to short wavelength infrared imaging spectroscopy to determine the mineral composition of the arid land dust source regions of the Earth to advance our knowledge of the radiative forcing effect of these aerosols. Mineral dust emitted into the atmosphere under high wind conditions is an element of the Earth system with many impacts to the Earth's energy balance, atmosphere, surface, and oceans. The Earth's mineral dust cycle with source, transport, and deposition phases are studied with advanced Earth System Models. Because the chemical composition, optical and surface properties of soil particles vary strongly with the mineral composition of the source, these models require knowledge of surface soil mineral dust source composition to accurately understand dust impacts on the Earth system now and in the future. At present, compositional knowledge of the Earth's mineral dust source regions from existing data sets is uncertain as a result of limited measurements. EMIT will use spectroscopically-derived surface mineral composition to update the prescribed boundary conditions for state-of-the-art Earth System Models. The EMIT-initialized models will be used to investigate the impact of direct radiative forcing in the Earth system that depends strongly on the composition of the mineral dust aerosols emitted into the atmosphere. These new measurements and related products will be used to address the EMIT science objectives and made available to the science community for additional investigations. An overview of the EMIT science, development, and mission is presented in this paper.", "keywords": ["550", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/9161765/9172248/09172731.pdf?arnumber=9172731"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172731"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2020%20IEEE%20Aerospace%20Conference", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172731", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172731", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172731"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115851", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-15", "title": "Performance and Early Results from the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) Imaging Spectroscopy Mission", "description": "RestrictedThe authors gratefully acknowledge all the elements of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, our partners, and the science community who have contributed to the development of the EMIT mission. EMIT is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Venture Instrument Program under the Earth Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate. This research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.", "keywords": ["Mineral dusts", "550", "500", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Spectrometer", "3. Good health", "Earth (Planet)--Surface", "Espect\u00f2metres", "13. Climate action", "Terra (Planeta)--Superf\u00edcie", "11. Sustainability", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::F\u00edsica::Astronomia i astrof\u00edsica", "14. Life underwater", "Pols minerals"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/10115529/10115530/10115851.pdf?arnumber=10115851"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115851"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2023%20IEEE%20Aerospace%20Conference", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115851", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115851", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115851"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/esiat.2009.367", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-11", "title": "Impact Of Grazing Excluding And Grazing On Soil Properties In Sandy Grassland In Horqin Sand Land, China", "description": "The restoration of degraded grassland which caused by overgrazing is directly related to land sustainable and economical development in North China. However, it is not well know that the impact of grazing excluding and continuous free grazing on soil properties in this region. In this paper, Soil physical and chemical properties under grazing excluded for 5 and 11 years and free grazing were examined in representative degraded sandy grassland. Results showed that continuous free grazing cause soil compaction, soil structure degradation, and loss of soil organic C and total N. Different period exclusion contribute to soil structure improvement, bulk density decreased, and soil fertility improvement through area protection. In addition, soil organic C and total N stocks showed a significant increasing trend from FG to 11GE. It indicated grazing excluding has important significance in soil restoration. So there is a need to develop sustainable grassland management and exclusion practices to combat the ongoing grassland degradation in the region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Halin Zhao, Xinping Liu, Yuhui He,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2009.367"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2009%20International%20Conference%20on%20Environmental%20Science%20and%20Information%20Application%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/esiat.2009.367", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/esiat.2009.367", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/esiat.2009.367"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2745.13210", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-21", "title": "Evidence of functional species sorting by rainfall and biotic interactions: A community monolith experimental approach", "description": "Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie species assembly is a central concern in community ecology. Abiotic and biotic filters are probabilistic \uffe2\uff80\uff98sieves\uffe2\uff80\uff99 that allow species with certain functional traits to become a part of the community, or not. We manipulated natural plant assemblies in order to identify variations in the timings of biotic and abiotic filters that determine community trait assemblies.
We extracted soil portions when the investigated annual plant community was in its seed phase (\uffe2\uff80\uff98community monolith\uffe2\uff80\uff99), thereby maintaining the structure and similar soil characteristics to the field conditions. Community monoliths were subjected to experimental manipulation in terms of the rainfall timing and amount, and perturbations of the biological soil crust (BSC; intact vs. perturbed). We surveyed the experimental community assembly over time based on the functional diversity by considering important functional traits in different life stages.
We found that autumn droughts acted as abiotic filters by favouring the germination and establishment of species with greater investment in the root biomass. Under severe droughts (66% water reduction), the experimental assemblies were dominated by species with functional traits adapted to water shortage conditions: high leaf dry matter content, low specific leaf area, small individual size, low reproductive ratio and high root:shoot ratio. We identified two roles of BSCs in annual plant species assemblies: (a) as a biotic filter that limited the establishment of species based on seed size, and (b) as a buffer against water stress conditions by reducing soil evapotranspiration.
Synthesis. We demonstrated the importance of the timing and amount of rainfall for shaping annual plant communities, and identified germination filters as the main process that determined community assemblies. Our results suggest that the phenotypic integration of functional traits facilitates resistance to drought during the life cycle. The BSC\uffe2\uff80\uff93annual plant relationship shifted from negative, by acting as a germination filter, to positive, by acting as a buffer in later stages. Climatic fluctuations and fine scale biotic determinants of spatial heterogeneity emerged as sources of changes in the community assembly in time and space to possibly promote species coexistence and trait differences among the communities studied.