{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-20", "title": "Mineralization And Carbon Turnover In Subarctic Heath Soil As Affected By Warming And Additional Litter", "description": "Arctic soil carbon (C) stocks are threatened by the rapidly advancing global warming. In addition to temperature, increasing amounts of leaf litter fall following from the expansion of deciduous shrubs and trees in northern ecosystems may alter biogeochemical cycling of C and nutrients. Our aim was to assess how factorial warming and litter addition in a long-term field experiment on a subarctic heath affect resource limitation of soil microbial communities (measured by thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques), net growing-season mineralization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and carbon turnover (measured as changes in the pools during a growing-season-long field incubation of soil cores in situ). The mainly N limited bacterial communities had shifted slightly towards limitation by C and P in response to seven growing seasons of warming. This and the significantly increased bacterial growth rate under warming may partly explain the observed higher C loss from the warmed soil. This is furthermore consistent with the less dramatic increase in the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic N (DON) in the warmed soil than in the soil from ambient temperature during the field incubation. The added litter did not affect the carbon content, but it was a source of nutrients to the soil, and it also tended to increase bacterial growth rate and net mineralization of P. The inorganic N pool decreased during the field incubation of soil cores, especially in the separate warming and litter addition treatments, while gross mineralized N was immobilized in the biomass of microbes and plants transplanted into the incubates soil cores, but without any significant effect of the treatments. The effects of warming plus litter addition on bacterial growth rates and of warming on C and N transformations during field incubation suggest that microbial activity is an important control on the carbon balance of arctic soils under climate change.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-27", "title": "Water- And Plant-Mediated Responses Of Soil Respiration To Topography, Fire, And Nitrogen Fertilization In A Semiarid Grassland In Northern China", "description": "Soil respiration is one of the major carbon (C) fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and plays an important role in regulating the responses of ecosystem and global C cycling to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. A field experiment was conducted between April 2005 and October 2006 in a semiarid grassland in northern China to examine effects of topography, fire, nitrogen (N) fertilization, and their potential interactions on soil respiration. Mean soil respiration was 6.0% higher in the lower than upper slope over the 2 growing seasons. Annual burning in early spring caused constant increases in soil respiration (23.8%) over the two growing seasons. In addition, fire effects on soil respiration varied with both season and topographic position. Soil respiration in the fertilized plots was 11.4% greater than that in the unfertilized plots. Water- and plant-mediation could be primarily responsible for the changes in soil respiration with topography and after fire whereas the positive responses of soil respiration to N fertilization were attributable to stimulated plant growth, root activity and respiration. The different mechanisms by which topography, fire, and N fertilization influence soil respiration identified in this study will facilitate the simulation and projection of ecosystem C cycling in the semiarid grassland in northern China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-23", "title": "Soil Microbial Biomass Response To Woody Plant Invasion Of Grassland", "description": "Abstract   Woody plant proliferation in grasslands and savannas has been documented worldwide in recent history. To better understand the consequences of this vegetation change for the C-cycle, we measured soil microbial biomass carbon (C mic ) in remnant grasslands (time 0) and woody plant stands ranging in age from 10 to 130 years in a subtropical ecosystem undergoing succession from grassland to woodlands dominated by N-fixing trees. We also determined the ratio of SMB-C to soil organic carbon (C mic /C org ) as an indicator of soil organic matter quality or availability, and the metabolic quotient ( q CO  2  ) as a measure of microbial efficiency. Soil organic carbon (C org ) and soil total nitrogen (STN) increased up to 200% in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm depth increment following woody plant invasion of grassland, but changed little at 15\u201330\u00a0cm. C mic  at 0\u201315\u00a0cm increased linearly with time following woody plant encroachment and ranged from 400\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  soil in remnant grasslands up to 600\u20131000\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  soil in older (>60 years) woody plant stands. C mic  at 15\u201330\u00a0cm also increased linearly with time, ranging from 100\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  soil in remnant grasslands to 400\u2013700\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  soil in older wooded areas. These changes in C mic  in wooded areas were correlated with concurrent changes in stores of C and N in soils, roots, and litter. The C mic /C org  ratio at 0\u201315\u00a0cm decreased with increasing woody plant stand age from 6% in grasslands to  q CO 2  values in woodlands (\u2a7e0.8\u00a0mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0g \u22121 \u00a0C mic \u00a0h \u22121 ) relative to remnant grasslands (0.4\u00a0mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0g \u22121 \u00a0C mic \u00a0h \u22121 ) indicated that more respiration was required per unit of C mic  in wooded areas than in grasslands. Observed increases in C org  and STN following woody plant encroachment in this ecosystem may be a function of both greater inputs of poor quality C that is relatively resistant to decay, and the decreased ability of soil microbes to decompose this organic matter. We suggest that increases in the size and activity of C mic  following woody plant encroachment may result in: (a) alterations in competitive interactions and successional processes due to changes in nutrient dynamics, (b) enhanced formation and maintenance of soil physical structures that promote C org  sequestration, and/or (c) increased trace gas fluxes that have the potential to influence atmospheric chemistry and the climate system at regional to global scales.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-08", "title": "Ectomycorrhizal Community And Extracellular Enzyme Activity Following Simulated Atmospheric N Deposition", "description": "Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are abundant in temperate and boreal ecosystems and are understood to be an important means whereby plants can fulfill their nutrition requirements. The extent of the EM fungal involvement in accessing organic sources of N, however, remains unknown. Some EM fungi have been found to produce lignolytic and proteolytic enzymes which are necessary to depolymerize organic substrates, but this ability varies by species. Both EM fungal communities and the activities of lignolytic and proteolytic enzymes may be sensitive to changes in inorganic N availability such as through increased atmospheric deposition. Our objectives were to simulate an ecologically relevant increase in atmospheric N deposition in areas currently receiving very little exogenous N and examine changes in EM community composition, lignin degrading enzyme activity, and soil protein depolymerization. We found a distinct shift in the EM community composition following simulated atmospheric N deposition. Likewise, we found a significant decrease in the activity of lignin degrading enzymes, which could have important implications on ecosystem N and C cycling. Contrary to our hypotheses, proteolysis increased following N addition. The fact that lignolytic and proteolytic enzymes exhibit opposite responses is counterintuitive and suggests much is yet to be learned about how N addition affects global C storage by affecting the decomposition of organic matter. Our data suggest small increases in atmospheric N deposition could produce significant changes in communities of EM fungi and N and C cycles.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Brenda B. Casper, Richard W. Lucas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-08", "title": "Recovery Of Biochemical Functionality In Polluted Flood-Plain Soils: The Role Of Microhabitat Differentiation Through Revegetation And Rehabilitation Of The River Dynamics", "description": "Abstract   Soil biogeochemical functions in flood-plains are controlled mainly by interactions between river flooding dynamics and vegetation change. This generates a pattern of landscape cross-sectional and longitudinal heterogeneity in texture, microtopography and plant cover. Agricultural uses restrain such mechanisms, eliminating the mosaic of soil environments and vegetation patches in natural flood-plains. The ecological restoration performed in ca. 5000\u00a0ha of agricultural lands in the Guadiamar river basin (SW Spain), affected by the Aznalcollar mine spill in 1998 (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn-rich pyritic sludge), has focused on the re-creation of those controlling mechanisms (enhancement of the natural river flooding dynamics and patchy afforestation). We have studied temporal trends, and the role of specific habitats differentiation in the river terraces, on the recovery of the soil biochemical status in the emerging ecosystems. During 2000\u20132004, the geometric mean of enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, \u03b2-glucosidase, urease, arylsulfatase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) increased three-fold in the most-impacted, coarser textured, upper-watershed soils; and by six-fold in less polluted, loamy soils at the mid-watershed. In 2005, sampling was stratified by microhabitats at two representative watershed sections. Vegetation cover-type and transport/sedimentation processes are the main driving forces increasing both the mean value and intra-site spatial heterogeneity of soil properties (especially enzyme activities) in reclaimed areas. In the wet season, soil enzyme activity under adult trees (holm-oaks and Eucaliptus), and in spots where silt and plant residues had accumulated during previous floodings, was more than 50% higher than in bare areas. However, activities were strongly inhibited in eroded areas where pollutant residues appeared in the surface. Woody patches and the grassy matrix of revegetated areas showed distinctive soil N features. Specific plant species effects were observed, such as a generally high enzymatic activity in soils under Tamarix gallica.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-16", "title": "Experimental Drought Alters Rates Of Soil Respiration And Methanogenesis But Not Carbon Exchange In Soil Of A Temperate Fen", "description": "Abstract   The impact of intensified drought and rewetting on C cycling in peatlands is debated. We conducted drying/rewetting (DW) experiments with intact monoliths of a temperate fen over a period of 10 months. One treatment with original vegetation (DW-V) and one defoliated treatment (DW-D) were rewetted after an experimental drought of 50 days; another treatment was kept permanently wet (W-V). Soil water content was determined by the TDR technique, C fluxes from chamber measurements and gas profiles in the soils, and respiration from mass balancing CO2 and CH4 fluxes in the peat using hourly to weekly data. Zones of high root associated respiration were determined from a 13C labeling experiment. Autotrophic respiration contributed from 55 to 65% to an average ecosystem respiration (ER) of 92 (DW-D), 211 (DW-V), and 267\u00a0mmol\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0d\u22121 (W-V). Photosynthesis ranged from 0 (DW-D) to 450\u00a0mmol\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0d\u22121 (W-V), and strongly declined for about 30 days after rewetting (DW-V), while ER remained constant during the drying and rewetting event. Drying raised air-filled porosity in the soil to 2\u201313%, temporarily increased respiration to estimated anaerobic and aerobic rates of up to 550 and 1000\u00a0nmol\u00a0cm\u22123\u00a0d\u22121, and delayed methane production and emission by weeks to months. Root associated respiration was concentrated in the uppermost peat layer. In spite of clear relative changes in respiration during and after drought, the impact on carbon exchange with the atmosphere was small. We attribute this finding to the importance of respiration in the uppermost and soil layer, which remained moist and aerated, and the insensitivity of autotrophic respiration to drought. We expect a similar dynamics to occur in other temperate wetland soils in which soil respiration is concentrated near the peatland surface, such as rich minerotrophic fens.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-29", "title": "Elevated Co2 Stimulates N2o Emissions In Permanent Grassland", "description": "Abstract   To evaluate climate forcing under increasing atmospheric CO 2  concentrations, feedback effects on greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O) with a high global warming potential should be taken into account. This requires long-term N 2 O flux measurements because responses to elevated CO 2  may vary throughout annual courses. Here, we present an almost 9 year long continuous N 2 O flux data set from a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) study on an old, N-limited temperate grassland. Prior to the FACE start, N 2 O emissions were not different between plots that were later under ambient (A) and elevated (E) CO 2  treatments, respectively. However, over the entire experimental period (May 1998\u2013December 2006), N 2 O emissions more than doubled under elevated CO 2  (0.90 vs. 2.07\u00a0kg\u00a0N 2 O-N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121  under A and E, respectively). The strongest stimulation occurred during vegetative growth periods in the summer when soil mineral N concentrations were low. This was surprising because based on literature we had expected the highest stimulation of N 2 O emissions due to elevated CO 2  when mineral N concentrations were above background values (e.g. shortly after N application in spring). N 2 O emissions under elevated CO 2  were moderately stimulated during late autumn\u2013winter, including freeze\u2013thaw cycles which occurred in the 8th winter of the experiment. Averaged over the entire experiment, the additional N 2 O emissions caused by elevated CO 2  equaled 4738\u00a0kg CO 2 -equivalents\u00a0ha \u22121 , corresponding to more than half a ton (546\u00a0kg) of CO 2 \u00a0ha \u22121  which has to be sequestered annually to balance the CO 2 -induced N 2 O emissions. Without a concomitant increase in C sequestration under rising atmospheric CO 2  concentrations, temperate grasslands may be converted into greenhouse gas sources by a positive feedback on N 2 O emissions. Our results underline the need to include continuous N 2 O flux measurements in ecosystem-scale CO 2  enrichment experiments.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen J\u00e4ger, Claudia Kammann, Ludger Gr\u00fcnhage, Christoph M\u00fcller,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-16", "title": "Soil Nitrogen Leaching Losses In Response To Freeze-Thaw Cycles And Pulsed Warming In A Temperate Old Field", "description": "Abstract   Climate warming and increased climate variability are both predicted to increase the frequency of soil freeze\u2013thaw cycles in temperate regions. We exposed intact soil-plant mesocosms to freeze\u2013thaw cycles and examined the effects on nitrogen leaching losses. Freezing treatments were performed by incubating the mesocosms in the soil with their tops exposed to air to impose freezing from the top down, such that realistic freezing rates and cycle amplitudes were experienced across the soil profile. Leaching events were then initiated by water addition the following day for both the freezing treatment and control mesocosms. While water addition alone explained the major part of soluble organic nitrogen leaching, nitrate leaching approximately doubled in response to freeze\u2013thaw cycles, and nitrogen leaching remained high after 11 freeze\u2013thaw cycles. In a second experiment, pulses of warming were applied in situ to mesocosms over fall, winter or spring, in order to melt snow, and thereby increase freeze\u2013thaw cycling by exposing soils to diurnal fluctuations in air temperature. Warming pulses had little effect on sub-surface soil temperatures and no effect on soil nitrogen leaching. However, warming pulses over spring severely reduced the abundance of the legume Coronilla varia in the following growing season. Overall, the results of these experiments indicate that while increased soil freeze\u2013thaw cycles combined with leaching events are capable of increasing soil nitrogen losses, warming pulses will only promote increased freeze\u2013thaw cycles if they are followed by cold, snow-free weather. The strong effect of warming on the N-fixer C. varia highlights that changes in plant species composition in response to warming may have stronger implications for soil nitrogen dynamics than the direct effects of freeze\u2013thaw cycles on soil nitrogen leaching losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-12", "title": "Long-Term Organic Farming Fosters Below And Aboveground Biota: Implications For Soil Quality, Biological Control And Productivity", "description": "Organic farming may contribute substantially to future agricultural production worldwide by improving soil quality and pest control, thereby reducing environmental impacts of conventional farming. We investigated in a comprehensive way soil chemical, as well as below and aboveground biological parameters of two organic and two conventional wheat farming systems that primarily differed in fertilization and weed management strategies. Contrast analyses identified management related differences between \u201cherbicide-free\u201d bioorganic (BIOORG) and biodynamic (BIODYN) systems and conventional systems with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN) and herbicide application within a long-term agricultural experiment (DOK trial, Switzerland). Soil carbon content was significantly higher in systems receiving farmyard manure and concomitantly microbial biomass (fungi and bacteria) was increased. Microbial activity parameters, such as microbial basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization, showed an opposite pattern, suggesting that soil carbon in the conventional system (CONFYM) was more easily accessible to microorganisms than in organic systems. Bacterivorous nematodes and earthworms were most abundant in systems that received farmyard manure, which is in line with the responses of their potential food sources (microbes and organic matter). Mineral fertilizer application detrimentally affected enchytraeids and Diptera larvae, whereas aphids benefited. Spider abundance was favoured by organic management, most likely a response to increased prey availability from the belowground subsystem or increased weed coverage. In contrast to most soil-based, bottom-up controlled interactions, the twofold higher abundance of this generalist predator group in organic systems likely contributed to the significantly lower abundance of aboveground herbivore pests (aphids) in these systems. Long-term organic farming and the application of farmyard manure promoted soil quality, microbial biomass and fostered natural enemies and ecosystem engineers, suggesting enhanced nutrient cycling and pest control. Mineral fertilizers and herbicide application, in contrast, affected the potential for top-down control of aboveground pests negatively and reduced the organic carbon levels. Our study indicates that the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicide application changes interactions within and between below and aboveground components, ultimately promoting negative environmental impacts of agriculture by reducing internal biological cycles and pest control. On the contrary, organic farming fosters microbial and faunal decomposers and this propagates into the aboveground system via generalist predators thereby increasing conservation biological control. However, grain and straw yields were 23% higher in systems receiving mineral fertilizers and herbicides reflecting the trade-off between productivity and environmental responsibility.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "generalist predators", "respiration microbienne", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "faune du sol", "natural enemies", "alternative prey", "630", "nitrogen", "food-web", "Soil", "agriculture biologique", "cycle biologique", "herbicide", "min\u00e9ralisation de l'azote", "fertilisation organique", "fertilisation min\u00e9rale", "soil quality", "2. Zero hunger", "agriculture biodynamique", "agriculture conventionnelle", "nutrient cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "sustainability", "long terme", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "mycorrhizal fungi", "ennemi naturel", "microbial community structure", "ecosystem functioning", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "DOK trial;ecosystem functioning;farming system;fertilization;generalist predators;microbial community;nutrient cycling;natural enemies;soil fauna;soil quality;sustainability", "microbial community", "soil fauna", "agricultural systems", "management", "570", "agroecosystems", "Soil quality", "suisse", "productivit\u00e9", "Soil biology", "culture c\u00e9r\u00e9aliere", "triticum aestivum", "biomasse microbienne", "biomass", "DOK trial", "15. Life on land", "qualit\u00e9 biologique du sol", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "Biodiversity and ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming system", "Cereals", " pulses and oilseeds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-10", "title": "Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment And Nutrient Additions To Planted Soil Increase Mineralisation Of Soil Organic Matter, But Do Not Alter Microbial Utilisation Of Plant- And Soil C-Sources", "description": "Plants link atmospheric and soil carbon pools through CO2 fixation, carbon translocation, respiration and rhizodeposition. Within soil, microbial communities both mediate carbon-sequestration and return to the atmosphere through respiration. The balance of microbial use of plant-derived and soil organic matter (SOM) carbon sources and the influence of plant-derived inputs on microbial activity are key determinants of soil carbon-balance, but are difficult to quantify. In this study we applied continuous 13C-labelling to soil-grown Lolium perenne, imposing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and nutrient additions as experimental treatments. The relative use of plant- and SOM-carbon by microbial communities was quantified by compound-specific 13C-analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). An isotopic mass-balance approach was applied to partition the substrate sources to soil respiration (i.e. plant- and SOM-derived), allowing direct quantification of SOM-mineralisation. Increased CO2 concentration and nutrient amendment each increased plant growth and rhizodeposition, but did not greatly alter microbial substrate use in soil. However, the increased root growth and rhizosphere volume with elevated CO2 and nutrient amendment resulted in increased rates of SOM-mineralisation per experimental unit. As rhizosphere microbial communities utilise both plant- and SOM C-sources, the results demonstrate that plant-induced priming of SOM-mineralisation can be driven by factors increasing plant growth. That the balance of microbial C-use was not affected on a specific basis may suggest that the treatments did not affect soil C-balance in this study.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-03", "title": "Relative Impacts Of Land-Use, Management Intensity And Fertilization Upon Soil Microbial Community Structure In Agricultural Systems", "description": "Soil microbial communities under three agricultural management systems (conventionally tilled cropland, hayed pasture, and grazed pasture) and two fertilizer systems (inorganic fertilizer and poultry litter) were compared to that of a w150-y-old forest near Watkinsville, Georgia. Both 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses indicated that the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the forest soil were significantly different than in the agricultural soils. Within the agricultural soils, the effect of fertilizer amendment on bacterial communities was more dramatic than either land use or season. Fertilizer amendment altered the abundance of more bacterial groups throughout the agricultural soils. In addition, the changes in the composition of bacterial groups were more pronounced in cropland than in pastures. There was much less seasonal variation between the soil libraries. Community-level differences were associated with differences in soil pH, mineralizable carbon and nitrogen, and extractable nutrients. Bacterial community diversity exhibited a complex relationship with the land use intensity in these agro-ecosystems. The pastures had the highest bacterial diversity and could be characterized as having an intermediate degree of intervention compared to low intervention in forest and high intervention in cropland. Changes in bacterial diversity could be attributed to the abundance of a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The microdiversity of abundant OTUs in both forest and cropland was consistent with an increase in abundance of many phenotypically similar species rather than a single species for each OTU. Soil microbial communities were significantly altered by long-term agricultural management systems, especially fertilizer amendment, and these results provide a basis for promoting conservation agricultural systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-22", "title": "Priming Depletes Soil Carbon And Releases Nitrogen In A Scrub-Oak Ecosystem Exposed To Elevated Co2", "description": "Abstract   Elevated atmospheric CO 2  tends to stimulate plant productivity, which could either stimulate or suppress the processing of soil carbon, thereby feeding back to atmospheric CO 2  concentrations. We employed an acid-hydrolysis-incubation method and a net nitrogen-mineralization assay to assess stability of soil carbon pools and short-term nitrogen dynamics in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem after six years of exposure to elevated CO 2 . We found that soil carbon concentration in the slow pool was 27% lower in elevated than ambient CO 2  plots at 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth. The difference in carbon mass was equivalent to roughly one-third of the increase in plant biomass that occurred in the same experiment. These results concur with previous reports from this ecosystem that elevated CO 2  stimulates microbial degradation of relatively stable soil organic carbon pools. Accordingly, elevated CO 2  increased net N mineralization in the 10\u201330\u00a0cm depth, which may increase N availability, thereby allowing for continued stimulation of plant productivity by elevated CO 2 . Our findings suggest that soil texture and climate may explain the differential response of soil carbon among various long-term, field-based CO 2  studies. Increased mineralization of stable soil organic carbon by a CO 2 -induced priming effect may diminish the terrestrial carbon sink globally.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-21", "title": "Soil Carbon Dioxide And Methane Fluxes From Long-Term Tillage Systems In Continuous Corn And Corn-Soybean Rotations", "description": "Abstract   Although the Midwestern United States is one of the world's major agricultural production areas, few studies have assessed the effects of the region's predominant tillage and rotation practices on greenhouse gas emissions from the soil surface. Our objectives were to (a) assess short-term chisel (CP) and moldboard plow (MP) effects on soil CO 2  and CH 4  fluxes relative to no-till (NT) and, (b) determine how tillage and rotation interactions affect seasonal gas emissions in continuous corn and corn\u2013soybean rotations on a poorly drained Chalmers silty clay loam (Typic Endoaquoll) in Indiana. The field experiment itself began in 1975. Short-term gas emissions were measured immediately before, and at increasing hourly intervals following primary tillage in the fall of 2004, and after secondary tillage in the spring of 2005, for up to 168\u00a0h. To quantify treatment effects on seasonal emissions, gas fluxes were measured at weekly or biweekly intervals for up to 14 sampling dates in the growing season for corn. Both CO 2  and CH 4  emissions were significantly affected by tillage but not by rotation in the short-term following tillage, and by rotation during the growing season. Soil temperature and moisture conditions in the surface 10\u00a0cm were significantly related to CO 2  emissions, although the proportion of variation explained by temperature and moisture was generally very low (never exceeded 27%) and varied with the tillage system being measured. In the short-term, CO 2  emissions were significantly higher for CP than MP and NT. Similarly, mean seasonal CO 2  emissions during the 2-year period were higher for CP (6.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) than for MP (5.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) and NT (5.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO 2 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). Both CP and MP resulted in low net CH 4  uptake (7.6 and 2.4\u00a0kg\u00a0CH 4 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 , respectively) while NT resulted in net emissions of 7.7\u00a0kg\u00a0CH 4 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 . Mean emissions of CO 2  were 16% higher from continuous corn than from rotation corn during the two growing seasons. After 3 decades of consistent tillage and crop rotation management for corn and soybean producing grain yields well above average in the Midwest, continuous NT production in the corn\u2013soybean rotation was identified as the system with the least soil-derived C emissions to the atmosphere from among those evaluated prior to and during corn production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-02", "title": "Comparative Analysis Of Soil Microbial Communities And Their Responses To The Short-Term Drought In Bog, Fen, And Riparian Wetlands", "description": "Abstract   The frequency of drought is anticipated to increase in wetland ecosystems as global warming intensifies. However, information on microbial communities involved in greenhouse gas emissions and their responses to drought remains sparse. We compared the gene abundance of eubacterial 16S rRNA, nitrite reductase (nirS) and methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA), and the diversity and composition of eubacteria, methanogens and denitrifiers among bog, fen and riparian wetlands. The gene abundance, diversity and composition significantly differed among wetlands (p\u00a0 \u00a0riparian wetland, whereas the diversity was in the riparian wetland\u00a0\u2265\u00a0fen\u00a0>\u00a0bog. In addition, we conducted a short-term drought experiment and compared microbial communities between control (water-logged) and drought (\u221215\u00a0cm) treatments. Drought led to significant decline in the gene abundance in the bog (16S rRNA, nirS, mcrA) (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-07", "title": "Soil Feedback On Plant Growth In A Sub-Arctic Grassland As A Result Of Repeated Defoliation", "description": "In the long term, defoliation of plants can be hypothesized to decrease plant carbon supply to soil decomposers and thus decrease decomposer abundance and nutrient mineralization in the soil. To test whether defoliation creates changes in soil that can feedback to plant growth, we collected soil from sub-arctic grassland plots that had been either defoliated or non-defoliated for three years and followed the growth of different plant species combinations in these soils in greenhouse conditions. Plant N acquisition and plant growth were lower in the soil collected from the defoliated field plots than in the soil collected from the non-defoliated plots. This response did not depend on the species composition or richness of the tested plant community. In the field, defoliation decreased net nitrogen mineralization. Despite the negative effect of decreased nutrient mineralization rate on plant growth and N accumulation in the greenhouse test, the aboveground abundance of most plant species was not affected by defoliation in the field. This indicates that plants in these sub-arctic grasslands can at least temporarily overcome defoliation-induced decrease in soil nutrient availability. To our knowledge, our results are the first direct evidence that defoliation can induce changes in the soil that negatively feedback to plant growth and N accumulation. This finding indicates that, especially in arctic and sub-arctic grasslands where nutrient mineralization rates are inherently low, soil feedbacks can have an important role in the outcome of herbivore\u2013plant interactions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-06", "title": "Tillage And Crop Residue Management Significantly Affects N-Trace Gas Emissions During The Non-Rice Season Of A Subtropical Rice-Wheat Rotation", "description": "Abstract   Field operations of tillage and residue incorporation could have potentially important influences on N-trace gas fluxes, though poorly quantified. Here we studied the effects of straw incorporation in the preceding rice season and no-tillage prior to wheat sowing on nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during the non-rice period of a typical rice-wheat rotation in the Yangtze River Delta. Compared to conventional management practice (no straw incorporation along with rotary harrowing tillage to 10\u00a0cm before wheat sowing), straw incorporation alone decreased cumulative N2O emissions over the entire non-rice period by 32% (1.53 vs. 2.24\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1, P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-01", "title": "Labile, Recalcitrant, And Microbial Carbon And Nitrogen Pools Of A Tallgrass Prairie Soil In The Us Great Plains Subjected To Experimental Warming And Clipping", "description": "Abstract   Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes are largely controlled by the small but highly bio-reactive, labile pools of these elements in terrestrial soils, while long-term C and N storage is determined by the long-lived recalcitrant fractions. Changes in the size of these pools and redistribution among them in response to global warming may considerably affect the long-term terrestrial C and N storage. However, such changes have not been carefully examined in field warming experiments. This study used sulfuric acid hydrolysis to quantify changes in labile and recalcitrant C and N fractions of soil in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem that had been continuously warmed with or without clipping for about 2.5 years. Warming significantly increased labile C and N fractions in the unclipped plots, resulting in increments of 373\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  dry soil and 15\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg \u22121  dry soil, over this period whilst clipping significantly decreased such concentrations in the warmed plots. Warming also significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and N in the unclipped plots, and increased ratios of soil microbial/labile C and N, indicating an increase in microbial C- and N-use efficiency. Recalcitrant and total C and N contents were not significantly affected by warming. For all measured pools, only labile and microbial biomass C fractions showed significant interactions between warming and clipping, indicating the dependence of the warming effects on clipping. Our results suggest that increased soil labile and microbial C and N fractions likely resulted indirectly from warming increases in plant biomass input, which may be larger than warming-enhanced decomposition of labile organic compounds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-11", "title": "Black Carbon Decomposition And Incorporation Into Soil Microbial Biomass Estimated By 14c Labeling", "description": "Incomplete combustion of organics such as vegetation or fossil fuel led to accumulation of charred products in the upper soil horizon. Such charred products, frequently called pyrogenic carbon or black carbon (BC). may act as an important long-term carbon (C) sink because its microbial decomposition and chemical transformation is probably very slow. Direct estimations of BC decomposition rates are absent because the BC content changes are too small for any relevant experimental period. Estimations based on CO(2) efflux are also unsuitable because the contribution of BC to CO(2) is too small compared to soil organic matter (SOM) and other sources. We produced BC by charring (14)C labeled residues of perennial ryegrass (Latium perenne). We then incubated this (14)C labeled BC in Ah of a Haplic Luvisol soil originated from loess or in loess for 3.2 years. The decomposition rates of BC were estimated based on (14)CO(2) sampled 44 times during the 3.2 years incubation period (1181 days). Additionally we introduced five repeated treatments with either 1) addition of glucose as an energy source for microorganisms to initiate cometabolic BC decomposition or 2) intensive mixing of the soil to check the effect of mechanical disturbance of aggregates on BC decomposition. Black carbon addition amounting to 20% of C(org) of the soil or 200% of C(org) of loess did not change total CO(2) efflux from the soil and slightly decreased it from the loess. This shows a very low BC contribution to recent CO(2) fluxes. The decomposition rates of BC calculated based on 14C in CO(2) were similar in soil and in loess and amounted to 1.36 10-5 d(-1) (=1.36 10-3% d(-1)). This corresponds to a decomposition of about 0.5% BC per year under optimal conditions. Considering about 10 times slower decomposition of BC under natural conditions, the mean residence time (MRT) of BC is about 2000 years, and the half-life is about 1400 years. Considering the short duration of the incubation and the typical decreasing decomposition rates with time, we conclude that the MRT of BC in soils is in the range of millennia. The strong increase in BC decomposition rates (up to 6 times) after adding glucose and the decrease of this stimulation after 2 weeks in the soil (and after 3 months in loess) allowed us to conclude cometabolic BC decomposition. This was supported by higher stimulation of BC decomposition by glucose addition compared to mechanical disturbance as well as higher glucose effects in loess compared to the soil. The effect of mechanical disturbance was over within 2 weeks. The incorporation of BC into microorganisms (fumigation/extraction) after 624 days of incubation amounted to 2.6 and 1.5% of (14)C input into soil and loess, respectively. The amount of BC in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was below the detection limit (<0.01%) showing no BC decomposition products in water leached from the soil. We conclude that applying (14)C labeled BC opens new ways for very sensitive tracing of BC transformation products in released CO(2), microbial biomass, DOC, and SOM pools with various properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-09", "title": "Are Laboratory Derived Toxicity Results Informative For Field Situations? Case Study On Earthworm Populations Contaminated With Heavy Metals", "description": "The relevance of laboratory tests on toxicants for field situations is often disputed given that laboratory tests are conducted under, next to the toxicant stress, optimal conditions which are not expected in field situations. In this paper we confront the results of laboratory tests on growth, reproduction and survival of earthworms, in a polluted and a reference field soil with a field inventory of earthworms. The field inventory includes population density, biomass and demographic composition in life stages measured monthly over a period of one year. The field inventory showed that density and biomass was higher at the polluted field site, a result in conflict with the extrapolation of the laboratory tests that showed a decrease in population growth rate by 23% at this site compared to the reference. The field inventory and laboratory derived results agreed in the demographic composition of the population with more individuals in the younger age class at the polluted site compared to the reference. Abiotic and biotic conditions that differ between sites and could possibly explain the lower earthworm biomass and density at the reference site are discussed. We suggest that predation by the two to five times higher densities of meadow birds in spring may have caused the lower density and biomass of earthworms at the reference site.", "keywords": ["consequences", "eisenia-foetida oligochaeta", "growth", "temperature", "netherlands", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "lumbricus-rubellus", "reproduction", "godwit limosa-limosa", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "river floodplains", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Klok, T.C., Thissen, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-05", "title": "Functional Shifts Of Grassland Soil Communities In Response To Soil Warming", "description": "In terrestrial ecosystems most carbon (C) occurs below-ground, making the activity of soil decomposer organisms critical to the global carbon cycle. Temperate grassland ecosystems, contain large, diverse and active soil meso- and macrofauna decomposer communities. Understanding the effects of climate change on their ecology offers a first step towards meaningful predictions of changes in soil organic carbon mineralisation.    We examined the effects of soil warming on the abundance, diversity and ecology of temperate grassland soil fauna functional groups, ecosystem net CO2 flux and respiration and plant above- and below-ground productivity in a 2-year plant\u2013soil mesocosm experiment. Low voltage heating cable mounted on a framework of stainless steel mesh provided a constant 3.5 \u00b0C difference between control and warmed mesocosm soils.    Results showed that this temperature increment had little effect on soil respiration and above-ground plant biomass. There was, however, a significant effect on the soil fauna due to warmer conditions and increased root growth, with significant decreases in the numbers in the large oligochaete groups and Prostigmata mites and the re-distribution of enchytraeids to deeper soil layers. Functional groups exhibited individualistic responses to soil warming, with the total disappearance of epigeic species in the case of the ecosystem engineers and an increased diversity of fungivorous mites that, together, produced significant changes in the composition and trophic structure of the fauna community.    The observed switch towards a fungal driven food web has important implications for the fate of soil organic carbon in temperate ecosystems subjected to sustained warming. Accordingly, soil biology needs to be properly incorporated in C models to make better predictions of the fate of SOC under warmer scenarios.", "keywords": ["570", "Soil invertebrates", "13. Climate action", "Trophic food webs", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOC", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SOM", "Community structure"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-25", "title": "Wheat Straw Management Affects Ch4 And N2o Emissions From Rice Fields", "description": "A 3-year field experiment was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China from 2004 to 2006 to investigate CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields as affected by various wheat straw management practices prior to rice cultivation. Five methods of returning wheat straw, no straw, evenly incorporating, burying straw, ditch mulching and strip mulching, were adopted in the experiment. Evenly incorporating is the most common management practice in the region. Results showed that compared with no straw, evenly incorporating increased CH4 emission significantly by a factor of 3.9\u201310.5, while decreasing N2O emission by 1\u201378%. Methane emission from burying straw was comparable with that from evenly incorporating, while N2O emission from burying straw was 94\u2013314% of that from evenly incorporating. Compared with evenly incorporating, CH4 emission was decreased by 23\u201332% in ditch mulching and by 32% in strip mulching, while N2O emission was increased by a factor of 1.4\u20133.7 in ditch mulching and by a factor of 5.1 in strip mulching. During the rice-growing season, the emitted N2O was negligible compared to that of emitted CH4. No significant difference in grain yield was observed between ditch mulching, burying straw, evenly incorporating and no straw. Compared with no straw, the grain yield was increased by 27% in strip mulching. Based on these results, the best management practice for returning wheat straw to the soil is strip mulching wheat straw partially or completely onto the field surface, as the method reduced CH4 emission from rice fields with no decrease in rice yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hua Xu, Jing Ma, Kazuyuki Yagi, Zucong Cai, Erdeng Ma,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-06", "title": "Decomposition And Mineralization Of Energy Crop Residues Governed By Earthworms", "description": "Abstract   Energy crops are increasingly cultivated in agricultural management systems world-wide. A substitution of food crops (e.g. cereals) by energy crops may generally alter the biological activity and litter decomposition in soil due to their varying structural and chemical composition and subsequently modify soil functioning. A soil microcosm experiment was performed to assess the decomposition and microbial mineralization of different energy crop residues in soil compared to a food crop, with or without earthworms. Residues of the energy crops winter rape (Brassica napus), maize (Zea mays), miscanthus (Miscanthus\u00a0giganteus) and the food crop oat (Avena sativa) were each provided as food source for a mixed earthworm population, each consisting of one individual of Lumbricus terrestris, Aporrectodea caliginosa, and Octolasion tyrtaeum. After 6 weeks, the rate of litter loss from the soil surface, earthworm biomass, microbial biomass-C and -N, microbial activity, and enzyme activities were determined. The results emphasized, that litter loss and microbial parameters were predominantly promoted by earthworms and were additionally influenced by the varying structural and chemical composition of the different litter. Litter decay by earthworms was highest in N-rich maize litter treatment (C\u2013N ratio 34.8) and lowest in the case of miscanthus litter (C\u2013N ratio 134.4). As a consequence, the microbial biomass and basal respiration in soils with maize litter were higher, relative to other litter types. MBC\u2013MBN ratio in soil increased when earthworms were present, indicating N competition between earthworms and microorganisms. Furthermore, enzyme activities responded in different ways on the varying types of litter and earthworm activity. Enzymes involved in the N-cycle decreased and those involved in the C-cycle tended to increase in the presence of earthworms, when litter with high C\u2013N ratio was provided as a food source. Especially in the miscanthus treatments, less N might remain for enzymatic degradation, indicating that N competition between earthworms and microorganisms may vary between different litter types. Especially, an expansion of miscanthus in agricultural management systems might result in a reduced microbial activity and a higher N deficit for microorganisms in soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Daniel Felten, Isabell Henseler, Christoph Emmerling, Gregor Ernst,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-11", "title": "Litter Contribution To Diurnal And Annual Soil Respiration In A Tropical Montane Cloud Forest", "description": "Respiration of CO2 from soils (Rs) is a major component of the carbon cycle of ecosystems, but understanding is still poor of both the relative contributions of different respiratory sources to Rs, and the environmental factors that drive diurnal variations in Rs. We measured total and litter-free Rs at half-hourly intervals over full 24 h periods, and thereafter twice a month for 10 months in a tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) in Peru. Total Rs declined by about 61% during the night as a result of variations in respiration rate in the litter, which were partly correlated with the soil surface air temperature. Most of the diurnal variation of Rs in this TMCF appears to be driven by respiration in the litter layer, which contributed 37% to the total soil CO2 efflux. Total Rs rates at this particular site would have been overestimated by 60% if derived from daytime measurements that had not been corrected for diurnal variations in Rs.", "keywords": ["Diurnal soil respiration variation", "Diurnal variations", "Tropics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "Keywords: Carbon cycles", "Relative contributions", "Litter respiration", "Respiration rates", "Soil surfaces", "13. Climate action", "Environmental factors", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Tropical montane cloud forest", "S Diurnal soil respiration variation", "Litter layers", "Soil CO", "Sodium compounds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79958/5/f5625xPUB8309.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79958/7/01_ZIMMERMANN_Litter_contribution_to_diurnal_2009.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-13", "title": "Soil Organic Matter In Soil Physical Fractions In Adjacent Semi-Natural And Cultivated Stands In Temperate Atlantic Forests", "description": "Changes from natural tree species to rapidly growing exotic species as well as intensification of forestry operations with heavy machinery can lead to changes in the quantity and quality of organic matter inputs to soil and to disruption of soil physical structure. These two ecosystem properties are tightly linked to organic matter dynamics. Five adjacent forest stands were selected to study soil organic matter dynamics in soil physical fractions. On one hand, two semi-natural broadleaved forests (Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica) and an adult radiata pine plantation (40-year-old,) in order to study the effect of species change on these parameters, and on the other, a chronosequence of Pinus radiata plantations (40-year-old; 3-year-old; 16-year-old), to study the effect of mechanization during harvesting and intense site preparation. Samples of intact topsoil (0-5\u00a0cm) were collected and aggregate-size distribution, mean weight diameter (MWD), total C and N, particulate organic matter (POM)-C, POM-N and microbial biomass-C were determined in each aggregate size fraction. Microbial respiration and nitrogen mineralization were also assessed in each aggregate size fraction, during a 28 day incubation period. Losses of POM-C and POM-N in the bulk soil due to mechanical site preparation were high relative to total soil C and N, which suggests that POM is a sensitive parameter to the effect of mechanization. The ratio C-POM:SOM was significantly related to MWD (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.75, P\u00a0 2\u00a0mm) were the most abundant class in mature stands (82-92%), whereas macro- and microaggregates (<2\u00a0mm) were the most abundant ones in the intensely soil prepared P. radiata plantation (49%). Indicators for sustainable forest management related to soil organic matter should not only be assessed in terms of total C stocks but also with respect to sensitive organic matter and its degradability in different size classes. \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-16", "title": "N2o And No Fluxes Between A Norway Spruce Forest Soil And Atmosphere As Affected By Prolonged Summer Drought", "description": "Global change scenarios predict an increasing frequency and duration of summer drought periods in Central Europe especially for higher elevation areas. Our current knowledge about the effects of soil drought on nitrogen trace gas fluxes from temperate forest soils is scarce. In this study, the effects of experimentally induced drought on soil N 2 O and NO emissions were investigated in a mature Norway spruce forest in the Fichtelgebirge (northeastern Bavaria, Germany) in two consecutive years. Drought was induced by roof constructions over a period of 46 days. The experiment was run in three replicates and three non-manipulated plots served as controls. Additionally to the N 2 O and NO flux measurements in weekly to monthly intervals, soil gas samples from six different soil depths were analysed in time series for N 2 O concentration as well as isotope abundances to investigate N 2 O dynamics within the soil. N 2 O fluxes from soil to the atmosphere at the experimental plots decreased gradually during the drought period from 0.2 to -0.0 \u03bcmol m -2  h -1 , respectively, and mean cumulative N 2 O emissions from the manipulated plots were reduced by 43% during experimental drought compared to the controls in 2007. N 2 O concentration as well as isotope abundance analysis along the soil profiles revealed that a major part of the soil acted as a net sink for N 2 O, even during drought. This N 2 O sink, together with diminished N 2 O production in the organic layers, resulted in successively decreased N 2 O fluxes during drought, and may even turn this forest soil into a net sink of atmospheric N 2 O as observed in the first year of the experiment. Enhanced N 2 O fluxes observed after rewetting up to 0.1 \u03bcmol m -2  h -1  were not able to compensate for the preceding drought effect. During the experiment in 2006, with soil matric potentials in 20 cm depth down to -630 hPa, cumulative NO emissions from the throughfall exclusion plots were reduced by 69% compared to the controls, whereas cumulative NO emissions from the experimental plots in 2007, with minimum soil matric potentials of -210 hPa, were 180% of those of the controls. Following wetting, the soil of the throughfall exclusion plots showed significantly larger NO fluxes compared to the controls (up to 9 \u03bcmol m -2  h -1  versus 2 \u03bcmol m -2  h -1 ). These fluxes were responsible for 44% of the total emission of NO throughout the whole course of the experiment. NO emissions from this forest soil usually exceeded N 2 O emissions by one order of magnitude or more except during wintertime.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-10", "title": "The Response Of Organic Matter Mineralisation To Nutrient And Substrate Additions In Sub-Arctic Soils", "description": "Abstract   Global warming in the Arctic may alter decomposition rates in Arctic soils and therefore nutrient availability. In addition, changes in the length of the growing season may increase plant productivity and the\u00a0rate of labile C input below ground. We carried out an experiment in which inorganic nutrients (NH 4 NO 3  and NaPO 4 ) and organic substrates (glucose and glycine) were added to soils sampled from across the mountain birch forest-tundra heath ecotone in northern Sweden (organic and mineral soils from the forest, and organic soil only from the heath). Carbon dioxide production was then monitored continuously over the following 19 days. Neither inorganic N nor P additions substantially affected soil respiration rates when added separately. However, combined N and P additions stimulated microbial activity, with the response being greatest in the birch forest mineral soil (57% increase in CO 2  production compared with 26% in the heath soil and 8% in the birch forest organic soil). Therefore, mineralisation rates in these soils may\u00a0be stimulated if the overall nutrient availability to microbes increases in response to global change, but N deposition alone is unlikely to enhance decomposition. Adding either, or both, glucose and glycine increased microbial respiration. Isotopic separation indicated that the mineralisation of native soil organic matter (SOM) was stimulated by glucose addition in the heath soil and the forest mineral soil, but not in the forest organic soil. These positive \u2018priming\u2019 effects were lost following N addition in forest mineral soil, and following both N and P additions in the heath soil. In order to meet enhanced microbial nutrient demand, increased inputs of labile C from plants could stimulate the mineralisation of SOM, with the soil C stocks in the tundra-heath potentially most vulnerable.", "keywords": ["570", "550", "Nitrogen", "Atmospheric carbon dioxide Environmental aspects", "Glycine", "Phosphorus", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Climatic changes Environmental aspects", "630", "Arctic", "Glucose", "Priming", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Global environmental change", "Climatic changes Arctic regions", "Mountain birch", "Tundra-heath", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-21", "title": "Effects Of Grazing And Experimental Warming On Doc Concentrations In The Soil Solution On The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", "description": "Little information is available about the effects of global warming and land management on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in soil solution in the field. Here, for the first time, we used a free-air temperature enhancement (FATE) system in a controlled warming-grazing experiment in 2006 and 2007 to test the hypothesis that grazing modifies the response of soil solution DOC concentration to experimental warming. Warming with no-grazing (WNG) significantly increased the average soil solution DOC concentration to 40 cm soil depth by 14.1 and 17.2% compared with no-warming with no-grazing (NWNG) in 2006 and 2007 respectively based on 1.3-1.4 degrees C soil temperature increase. However, the lack of significant differences among warming with grazing (WG), no-warming with grazing (NWG) and NWNG indicate that moderate grazing modified the effect of warming on DOC concentration in the soil solution. The effect of grazing on DOC concentration in the soil solution varied with sampling date and soil depth. Generally, the direct contribution of soil temperature and soil moisture to variation of DOC concentration in the soil solution was small. Positive correlations were observed between soil solution DOC concentration in the surface soil and standing death quality and belowground biomass. The Lignin:N ratio in the standing death and belowground biomass at 10 cm soil depth explained 60% of the variation of mean DOC concentration at 10 cm soil depth. Soil moisture and belowground biomass explained 79% of the variation of the mean soil solution DOC concentration to 40 cm soil depth in 2007. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.12.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-10", "title": "Interactions Between Residue Placement And Earthworm Ecological Strategy Affect Aggregate Turnover And N2o Dynamics In Agricultural Soil", "description": "Previous laboratory studies using epigeic and anecic earthworms have shown that earthworm activity can considerably increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from crop residues in soils. However, the universality of this effect across earthworm functional groups and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether earthworms with an endogeic strategy also affect N2O emissions; (ii) to quantify possible interactions with epigeic earthworms; and (iii) to link these effects to earthworm-induced differences in selected soil properties. We initiated a 90-day 15N-tracer mesocosm study with the endogeic earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny) and the epigeic species Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister). 15N-labeled radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Adagio L.) residue was placed on top or incorporated into the loamy (Fluvaquent) soil. When residue was incorporated, only A. caliginosa significantly (p <0.01) increased cumulative N2O emissions from 1350 to 2223 \u00b5g N2O\u2013N kg-1 soil, with a corresponding increase in the turnover rate of macroaggregates. When residue was applied on top, L. rubellus significantly (p <0.001) increased emissions from 524 to 929 \u00b5g N2O\u2013N kg-1, and a significant (p <0.05) interaction between the two earthworm species increased emissions to 1397 \u00b5g N2O\u2013N kg-1. These effects coincided with an 84% increase in incorporation of residue 15N into the microaggregate fraction by A. caliginosa (p = 0.003) and an 85% increase in incorporation into the macroaggregate fraction by L. rubellus (p = 0.018). Cumulative CO2 fluxes were only significantly increased by earthworm activity (from 473.9 to 593.6 mg CO2\u2013C kg-1 soil; p = 0.037) in the presence of L. rubellus when residue was applied on top. We conclude that earthworm-induced N2O emissions reflect earthworm feeding strategies: epigeic earthworms can increase N2O emissions when residue is applied on top; endogeic earthworms when residue is incorporated into the soil by humans (tillage) or by other earthworm species. The effects of residue placement and earthworm addition are accompanied by changes in aggregate and SOM turnover, possibly controlling carbon, nitrogen and oxygen availability and therefore denitrification. Our results contribute to understanding the important but intricate relations between (functional) soil biodiversity and the soil greenhouse gas balance. Further research should focus on elucidating the links between the observed changes in soil aggregation and controls on denitrification, including the microbial community", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "2. Zero hunger", "crop residues", "denitrification", "ecosystem engineers", "casts", "no-tillage agroecosystems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon-dioxide", "01 natural sciences", "630", "13. Climate action", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrous-oxide fluxes", "management", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.12.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.12.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.12.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.12.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-04", "title": "Changes In Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon And Enzyme Activities Under Elevated Co2 Affect Fine Root Decomposition Processes In A Mongolian Oak Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract   The relationships between soil microbial properties and fine root decomposition processes under elevated CO 2  are poorly understood. To address this question, we determined soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C) and nitrogen (SMB-N), enzymes related to soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, the abundance of cultivable N-fixing bacteria and cellulolytic fungi, fine root organic matter, lignin and holocellulose decomposition, and N mineralization from 2006 to 2007 in a Mongolian oak ( Quercus mongolica  Fischer ex Ledebour) ecosystem in northeastern China. The experiment consisted of three treatments: elevated CO 2  chambers, ambient CO 2  chambers, and chamberless plots. Fine roots had significantly greater organic matter decomposition rates under elevated CO 2 . This corresponded with significantly greater SMB-C. Changes in the activities of protease and phenol oxidase under elevated CO 2  could not explain the changes in fine root N release and lignin decomposition rates, respectively, while holocellulose decomposition rate had the same response to experimental treatments as did cellulase activity. Changes in cultivable N-fixing bacterial and cellulolytic fungal abundances in response to experimental treatments were identical to those of N mineralization and lignin decomposition rates, respectively, suggesting that the two indices were closely related to fine root N mineralization and lignin decomposition. Our results showed that the increased fine root organic matter, lignin and holocellulose decomposition, and N mineralization rates under elevated CO 2  could be explained by shifts in SMB-C and the abundance of cellulolytic fungi and N-fixing bacteria. Enzyme activities are not reliable for the assessment of fine root decomposition and more attention should be given to the measurement of specific bacterial and fungal communities.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shijie Han, Xuefeng Li, Li-Hua Xin, Diankun Shao, Zhongling Guo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-14", "title": "Nitrogen Alters Carbon Dynamics During Early Succession In Boreal Forest", "description": "Boreal forests are an important source of wood products, and fertilizers could be used to improve forest yields, especially in nutrient poor regions of the boreal zone. With climate change, fire frequencies may increase, resulting in a larger fraction of the boreal landscape present in early-successional stages. Since most fertilization studies have focused on mature boreal forests, the response of burned boreal ecosystems to increased nutrient availability is unclear. Therefore, we used a nitrogen (N) fertilization experiment to test how C cycling in a recently-burned boreal ecosystem would respond to increased N availability. We hypothesized that fertilization would increase rates of decomposition, soil respiration, and the activity of extracellular enzymes involved in C cycling, thereby reducing soil C stocks. In line with our hypothesis, litter mass loss increased significantly and activities of cellulose- and chitin-degrading enzymes increased by 45\u201361% with N addition. We also observed a significant decline in C concentrations in the organic soil horizon from 19.5 \u00b1 0.7% to 13.5 \u00b1 0.6%, and there was a trend toward lower total soil C stocks in the fertilized plots. Contrary to our hypothesis, mean soil respiration over three growing seasons declined by 31% from 78.3 \u00b1 6.5 mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121 to 54.4 \u00b1 4.1 mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121. These changes occurred despite a 2.5-fold increase in aboveground net primary productivity with N, and were accompanied by significant shifts in the structure of the fungal community, which was dominated by Ascomycota. Our results show that the C cycle in early-successional boreal ecosystems is highly responsive to N addition. Fertilization results in an initial loss of soil C followed by depletion of soil C substrates and development of a distinct and active fungal community. Total microbial biomass declines and respiration rates do not keep pace with plant inputs. These patterns suggest that N fertilization could transiently reduce but then increase ecosystem C storage in boreal regions experiencing more frequent fires.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition", "Extracellular enzyme", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Fungi", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "01 natural sciences", "Nitrogen fertilization", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Boreal forest", "Succession", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4z375574/qt4z375574.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-27", "title": "Effects Of Warming And Grazing On N2o Fluxes In An Alpine Meadow Ecosystem On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "A great deal of uncertainty is associated with estimates of global nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions because emissions from arid and polar climates were not included in the estimates due to a lack of available data. In particular, very few studies have assessed the response of N(2)O flux to grazing under future warming conditions. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of warming and grazing on N(2)O flux at different time scales for three years under a controlled warming-grazing system. A free-air temperature enhancement system (FATE) using infrared heaters and grazing significantly increased soil temperatures for both of growing (average 1.8 degrees C in 2008) and no-growing seasons (average 3.0 degrees C for 3-years) within 20-cm depth, but only warming reduced soil moisture at 10-cm soil depth during the growing season during the drought year of 2008. Generally, the effects of warming and grazing on N(2)O flux varied with sampling date, season, and year. No interactive effect between warming and grazing was found. Warming did not affect annual N(2)O flux when grazing was moderate during the growing season because the tradeoff of the effect of warming on N(2)O flux was observed between the growing season and no-growing season. No-warming with grazing (NWG) and warming with grazing (WG) significantly increased the average annual N(2)O flux (57.8 and 31.0%) compared with no-warming with no-grazing (NWNG) and warming with no-grazing (WNG), respectively, indicating that warming reduced the response of N(2)O flux to grazing in the region. Winter accounted for 36-57% of annual N(2)O flux for NWNG and NWG, whereas only for 5-8% of annual N(2)O flux for WNG and WG. Soil temperature could explain 5-35% of annual N(2)O flux variation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-01", "title": "Response Of Soil Microbial Communities And The Production Of Plant-Available Nitrogen To A Two-Year Rainfall Manipulation In The New Jersey Pinelands", "description": "Abstract   Projected changes in precipitation patterns in the northeastern U.S. may alter soil moisture dynamics and cause a shift in the structure and function of soil microbial communities. We studied the potential for such changes by manipulating annual precipitation amount in an oak\u2013pine forest of the New Jersey Pinelands. During a two-year field study we tested the effects of a complete rain exclusion, as well as a doubling of rainfall, on soil microbial biomass, community composition (phospholipid fatty acid analysis) and the production of plant-available nitrogen (nitrogen mineralization\u00a0+\u00a0amino-acid production). We found that neither microbial biomass nor community composition was affected by the experimental manipulations. Despite having studied the organic horizon, the relatively high sand content appeared to influence this response by limiting the extent to which soil moisture increased in response to elevated rainfall. Furthermore, a strong correlation between soil moisture and the physiological status of Gram-negative bacteria suggested that soil microbes in the New Jersey Pinelands are well adapted to soil drying. We observed a sustained accumulation of ammonium in drought plots that was more than four times the value of all other treatments after one year. The relationship between soil moisture and nitrogen mineralization changed with season, suggesting that the effect of changing rainfall patterns on nitrogen cycling will depend upon microbial physiological demand and substrate diffusion. Based on available estimates of foliar N concentration in the New Jersey Pinelands, we conclude that neither the accumulation of ammonium in drought plots, nor the changes in nitrogen mineralization rates in response to high and low soil moisture will affect plant nitrogen demand. However, if the ammonium pool in dry soil had been mobilized by precipitation, a shift towards a higher bacteria:fungi ratio \u2013 and therefore higher nitrogen mineralization rates \u2013 may have occurred.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-28", "title": "Resistance Of Microbial And Soil Properties To Warming Treatment Seven Years After Boreal Fire", "description": "Boreal forests store a large fraction of global terrestrial carbon and are susceptible to environmental change, particularly rising temperatures and increased fire frequency. These changes have the potential to drive positive feedbacks between climate warming and the boreal carbon cycle. Because few studies have examined the warming response of boreal ecosystems recovering from fire, we established a greenhouse warming experiment near Delta Junction, Alaska, seven years after a 1999 wildfire. We hypothesized that experimental warming would increase soil CO2 efflux, stimulate nutrient mineralization, and alter the composition and function of soil fungal communities. Although our treatment resulted in 1.20 \u00b0C soil warming, we found little support for our hypothesis. Only the activities of cellulose- and chitin-degrading enzymes increased significantly by 15% and 35%, respectively, and there were no changes in soil fungal communities. Warming resulted in drier soils, but the corresponding change in soil water potential was probably not sufficient to limit microbial activity. Rather, the warming response of this soil may be constrained by depletion of labile carbon substrates resulting from combustion and elevated soil temperatures in the years after the 1999 fire. We conclude that positive feedbacks between warming and the microbial release of soil carbon are weak in boreal ecosystems lacking permafrost. Since permafrost-free soils underlie 45\u201360% of the boreal zone, our results should be useful for modeling the warming response during recovery from fire in a large fraction of the boreal forest.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Decomposition", "0303 health sciences", "Extracellular enzyme", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Fungi", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Soil respiration", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "Climate Action", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Boreal forest", "Warming", "Succession", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2zk6k6ms/qt2zk6k6ms.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-06", "title": "Impact Of Black Carbon Addition To Soil On The Determination Of Soil Microbial Biomass By Fumigation Extraction", "description": "Abstract   The efficiency of the fumigation extraction method on the determination of soil microbial biomass carbon and ninhydrin-N was tested in three different soils (UK grassland, UK arable, Chinese arable) amended with black carbon (biochar or activated charcoal). Addition of activated charcoal to soil resulted in a significant decrease in K 2 SO 4  extractable carbon and ninhydrin-N in all three soils, whereas the addition of biochar generally did not. A lower concentration of the extraction reagent (0.05\u00a0M vs. 0.5\u00a0M K 2 SO 4 ) resulted in a significantly lower extraction efficiency in the grassland soil. The extraction efficiency of organic carbon was more affected by black carbon than that of ninhydrin-N, which resulted in a decreased biomass C/ninhydrin-N ratio. The impact of black carbon on the extraction efficiency of soil microbial biomass depended on the type of black carbon, on the concentration of the extraction medium and on soil type.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-04", "title": "Effects Of Tree Species And N Additions On Forest Floor Microbial Communities And Extracellular Enzyme Activities", "description": "Forest nitrogen (N) retention and soil carbon (C) storage are influenced by tree species and their associated soil microbial communities. As global change factors alter forest composition, predicting long-term C and N dynamics will require understanding microbial community structure and function at the tree species level. Because atmospheric N deposition is increasing N inputs to forested ecosystems across the globe, including the northeastern US, it is also important to understand how microbial communities respond to added N. While prior studies have examined these topics in mixed-species stands, we focused on the responses of different tree species and their associated microbial communities within a single forest type - a northern hardwood forest in the Catskills Mountains, NY. Based on prior studies, we hypothesized that N additions would stimulate extracellular enzyme activities in relatively labile litters, but suppress oxidative enzyme activities in recalcitrant litters, and tested for independent tree species effects within this context. During the 2007 growing season (May-June), we measured enzyme activities and microbial community composition (using phospholipid fatty acid analysis - PLFA) of the forest floor in single-species plots dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), red oak (Quercus rubra), American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), species whose litters range from relatively labile to recalcitrant. Half the plots were fertilized with N by adding NH4NO3 (50 kg ha-1 y-1) from 1997 to 2009. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) were used to examine microbial community structure and relationship to enzyme activities.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-29", "title": "Fungi Mediate Long Term Sequestration Of Carbon And Nitrogen In Soil Through Their Priming Effect", "description": "It is increasingly recognized that soil microbes have the ability to decompose old recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM) by using fresh carbon as a source of energy, a phenomena called priming effect (PE). However, efforts to determine the consequences of this PE for soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics are in their early stage. Moreover, little is known about the microbial populations involved. Here we explore the consequences of PE for SOM dynamics and mineral nitrogen availability in a soil incubation experiment (161 days), combining the supply of dual-labeled (13C and 14C) cellulose and mineral nutrients. The microbial groups involved in PE were investigated using molecular fingerprinting techniques (FAMEs and B- and F-ARISA). We show that mean residence time of SOM pool controlled by the PE decreased from 3130 years in the subsoil, where the availability of fresh carbon is very low, to 17\u201339 years in the surface layer. This result suggests that the decomposition of this recalcitrant soil C pool is strictly dependent on the presence of fresh C and is not an energetically viable mean of accessing C for soil microbes. We also suggest that fungi are the predominant actors of cellulose decomposition and induced PE and they adjust their degradation activity to nutrient availability. The predominant role of fungi can be explained by their ability to grow as mycelium which allows them to explore soil space and mine large reserve of SOM. Finally, our results support the existence of a bank mechanism that regulates nutrient and carbon sequestration in soil: PE is low when nutrient availability is high, allowing sequestration of nutrients and carbon; in contrast, microbes release nutrients from SOM when nutrient availability is low. This bank mechanism may help to synchronize the availability of soluble nutrients to plant requirement and contribute to long-term SOM accumulation in ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "FUNGI", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "CELLULOTYC MICROBES", "STOICHIOMETRY", "01 natural sciences", "NITROGEN CYCLING", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "PRIMING EFFECT", "13. Climate action", "MICROBIAL ECOLOGY", "SOIL FERTILITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "EFFET D'AMOR\u00c7AGE", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-26", "title": "Plot-Scale Manipulations Of Organic Matter Inputs To Soils Correlate With Shifts In Microbial Community Composition In A Lowland Tropical Rain Forest", "description": "Little is known about the organisms responsible for decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems, or how variations in their relative abundance may influence soil carbon (C) cycling. Here, we altered organic matter in situ by manipulating both litter and throughfall inputs to tropical rain forest soils, and then used qPCR and error-corrected bar-coded pyrosequencing to investigate how the resulting changes in soil chemical properties affected microbial community structure. The plot-scale manipulations drove significant changes in microbial community composition: Acidobacteria were present in greater relative abundance in litter removal plots than in double-litter plots, while Alphaproteobacteria were found in higher relative abundance in double-litter and throughfall reduction plots than in control or litter removal plots. In addition, the bacterial:archaeal ratio was higher in double-litter than no-litter plots. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were positively correlated with microbial biomass C and nitrogen (N), and soil N and C pools, while acidobacterial relative abundance was negatively correlated with these same factors. Bacterial:archaeal ratios were positively correlated with soil moisture, total soil C and N, extractable ammonium pools, and soil C:N ratios. Additionally, bacterial:archaeal ratios were positively related to the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and negatively correlated to the relative abundance of Nitrospira and Acidobacteria. Together, our results support the copiotrophic/oligotrophic model of soil heterotrophic microbes suggested by Fierer et al. (2007).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-30", "title": "The Effect Of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration On Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Dioxide And Methane From A Wheat Field In A Semi-Arid Environment In Northern China", "description": "Abstract   There are no reports on the effects of elevated carbon dioxide [CO2] on the fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 from semi-arid wheat cropping systems. These three soil gas fluxes were measured using closed chambers under ambient (420\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) and elevated (565\u00a0\u00b1\u00a037\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment experimental facility in northern China. Measurements were made over five weeks on a wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Zhongmai 175). Elevated [CO2] increased N2O and CO2 emission from soil by 60% and 15%, respectively, but had no significant effect on CH4 flux. There was no significant interaction between [CO2] and N application rate on these gas fluxes, probably because soil N was not limiting. At least 22% increase in C storage is required to offset the observed increase in greenhouse gas emissions under elevated [CO2].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-15", "title": "Experimental Warming Effects On The Microbial Community Of A Temperate Mountain Forest Soil", "description": "Soil microbial communities mediate the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). The amount of carbon (C) that is respired leaves the soil as CO(2) (soil respiration) and causes one of the greatest fluxes in the global carbon cycle. How soil microbial communities will respond to global warming, however, is not well understood. To elucidate the effect of warming on the microbial community we analyzed soil from the soil warming experiment Achenkirch, Austria. Soil of a mature spruce forest was warmed by 4\u00a0\u00b0C during snow-free seasons since 2004. Repeated soil sampling from control and warmed plots took place from 2008 until 2010. We monitored microbial biomass C and nitrogen (N). Microbial community composition was assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) and by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of ribosomal RNA genes. Microbial metabolic activity was estimated by soil respiration to biomass ratios and RNA to DNA ratios. Soil warming did not affect microbial biomass, nor did warming affect the abundances of most microbial groups. Warming significantly enhanced microbial metabolic activity in terms of soil respiration per amount of microbial biomass C. Microbial stress biomarkers were elevated in warmed plots. In summary, the 4\u00a0\u00b0C increase in soil temperature during the snow-free season had no influence on microbial community composition and biomass but strongly increased microbial metabolic activity and hence reduced carbon use efficiency.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Microbial biomass", "PLFA", "Soil warming", "rRNA genes", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Microbial community structure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-08", "title": "Cattle Grazing Drives Nitrogen And Carbon Cycling In A Temperate Salt Marsh", "description": "Abstract   We examined the impact of long-term cattle grazing on soil processes and microbial activity in a temperate salt marsh. Soil conditions, microbial biomass and respiration, mineralization and denitrification rates were measured in upper salt marsh that had been ungrazed or cattle grazed for several decades. Increased microbial biomass and soil respiration were observed in grazed marsh, most likely stimulated by enhanced rates of root turnover and root exudation. We found a significant positive effect of grazing on potential N mineralization rates measured in the laboratory, but this difference did not translate to  in situ  net mineralization measured monthly from May to September. Rates of denitrification were lowest in the grazed marsh and appeared to be limited by nitrate availability, possibly due to more anoxic conditions and lower rates of nitrification. The major effect of grazing on N cycling therefore appeared to be in limiting losses of N through denitrification, which may lead to enhanced nutrient availability to saltmarsh plants, but a reduced ability of the marsh to act as a buffer for land-derived nutrients to adjacent coastal areas. Additionally, we investigated if grazing influences the rates of turnover of labile and refractory C in saltmarsh soils by adding  14 C-labelled leaf litter or root exudates to soil samples and monitoring the evolution of  14 CO 2 . Grazing had little effect on the rates of mineralization of  14 C used as a respiratory substrate, but a larger proportion of  14 C was partitioned into microbial biomass and immobilized in long- and medium-term storage pools in the grazed treatment. Grazing slowed down the turnover of the microbial biomass, which resulted in longer turnover times for both leaf litter and root exudates. Grazing may therefore affect the longevity of C in the soil and alter C storage and utilization pathways in the microbial community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "herbivory", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "salinity", "saltmarsh vegetation", "soil compaction", "13. Climate action", "nitrogen cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen mineralization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-17", "title": "Response Of Soil Constituents To Freeze-Thaw Cycles In Wetland Soil Solution", "description": "Freezing and thawing of soils is a common phenomenon in the winter-cold zone, which can subsequently affect carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in soils and the leaching of nutrients through influencing biochemical and physicochemical processes. The soil solution nutrient pool in the freeze\u2013thaw period may control the quantity of nutrients available to plants in the following spring (Buckeridge and Grogan 2008).", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-18", "title": "Tillage Effects On N2o Emissions As Influenced By A Winter Cover Crop", "description": "Abstract   Conservation tillage practices are widely used to protect against soil erosion and soil C losses, whereas winter cover crops are used mainly to protect against N losses during autumn and winter. For the greenhouse gas balance of a cropping system the effect of reduced tillage and cover crops on N 2 O emissions may be more important than the effect on soil C. This study monitored emissions of N 2 O between September 2008 and May 2009 in three tillage treatments, i.e., conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and direct drilling (DD), all with (+CC) or without (\u2212CC) fodder radish as a winter cover crop. Cover crop growth, soil mineral N dynamics, and other soil characteristics were recorded. Furthermore, soil concentrations of N 2 O were determined eight times during the monitoring period using permanently installed needles. There was little evidence for effects of the cover crop on soil mineral N. Following spring tillage and slurry application soil mineral N was dominated by the input from slurry. Nitrous oxide emissions during autumn, winter and early spring remained low, although higher emissions from\u00a0+CC treatments were indicated after freezing events. Following spring tillage and slurry application by direct injection N 2 O emissions were stimulated in all tillage treatments, reaching 250\u2013400\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121  except in the CT\u00a0+\u00a0CC treatment, where emissions peaked at 900\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 . Accumulated emissions ranged from 1.6 to 3.9\u00a0kg\u00a0N 2 O\u00a0ha \u22121 . A strong positive interaction between cover crop and tillage was observed. Soil concentration profiles of N 2 O showed a significant accumulation of N 2 O in CT relative to RT and DD treatments after spring tillage and slurry application, and a positive interaction between slurry and cover crop residues. A comparison in early May of N 2 O emissions with flux estimates based on soil concentration profiles indicated that much of the N 2 O emitted was produced near the soil surface.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-22", "title": "Rapid Soil Organic Matter Loss From Forest Dieback In A Subalpine Coniferous Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract   Forest dieback caused by climate-change associated stresses and insect outbreaks has emerged as a global concern, and the biogeochemical consequences of this phenomenon need to be elucidated. We measured biological and chemical traits of soil beneath live trees or trees recently killed by a mountain-pine-beetle outbreak in a subalpine coniferous forest in the Front Range of Colorado. We focused on the top 5\u00a0cm of mineral soil just beneath the O horizon and measured microbial biomass, soil invertebrate abundance and composition, and soil chemical characteristics. With the termination of inputs from rhizodeposition, mycorrhizal fungal turnover and fine root turnover, soil total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in the mineral soil at three sites decreased by 38\u201349% and 26\u201345%, respectively. Tree mortality was associated with reduced soil microbial biomass but soil nematode and microarthropod densities were unchanged. Nematode trophic structure was altered with an increased proportion of bacterial feeders. Soil inorganic N concentrations were inversely correlated to microbial C:N ratios. Tree death was associated with increased soil pH, a possible loss of calcium (Ca 2+ ), but an accumulation of soil inorganic N, largely as NH 4  + . Our results suggest that forest dieback results in rapid C and N loss from surface mineral soils and that the accumulation of soil inorganic N, the reduction in microbial biomass, and the more bacterial-based soil food web increase the potential of enhanced N loss from affected ecosystems.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-18", "title": "The Influence Of Winter Soil Cover On Spring Nitrous Oxide Emissions From An Agricultural Soil", "description": "Abstract   In temperate regions, a majority of N2O is emitted during spring soil thawing. We examined the influence of two winter field covers, snow and winter rye, on soil temperature and subsequent spring N2O emissions from a New York corn field over two years. The first season (2006\u201307) was a cold winter (2309\u00a0h below 0\u00a0\u00b0C at 8\u00a0cm soil depth), historically typical for the region. The snow removal treatment resulted in colder soils and higher N2O fluxes (73.3 vs. 57.9\u00a0ng N2O\u2013N cm\u22122 h\u22121). The rye cover had no effect on N2O emissions. The second season (2007\u201308) was a much milder winter (1271\u00a0h below freezing at 8\u00a0cm soil depth), with lower N2O fluxes overall. The winter rye cover resulted in lower N2O fluxes (5.9 vs. 33.7\u00a0ng\u00a0N2O\u2013N cm\u22122 h\u22121), but snow removal had no effect. Climate scenarios predict warmer temperature and less snow cover in the region. Under these conditions, spring N2O emissions can be expected to decrease and could be further reduced by winter rye crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David W. Wolfe, Ranae Dietzel, Janice E. Thies,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:23:11Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Climate mitigation potential and soil microbial response of cyanobacteria-fertilized bioenergy crops in a cool semi-arid cropland", "description": "unspecifiedBioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) systems can serve as  decarbonization pathways for climate mitigation. Perennial grasses are a  promising second-generation lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock, but  optimizing their sustainability, productivity, and climate mitigation  potential requires an evaluation of how nitrogen (N) fertilizer strategies  interact with greenhouse gas (GHG) and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics.  Further, crop and fertilizer choice can affect the soil microbiome which  is critical to soil organic matter turnover, nutrient cycling, and  sustaining crop productivity\u00a0but these feedbacks are poorly  understood due to the paucity of data from agroecosystems. Here, we  examine the climate mitigation potential and soil microbiome response to  establishing two functionally different perennial grasses, switchgrass  (Panicum virgatum, C4), and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum, C3), in  a cool semi-arid agroecosystem under two fertilizer applications, a novel  cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBF) and urea. Finally, we examine shifts in  soil microbial composition resulting from crop establishment and  fertilizer regime. We find that in contrast to the C4 crop, the C3 crop  achieved 98% greater productivity and had a higher N use efficiency when  fertilized and the CBF produced the same biomass enhancement as urea.  Non-CO2 greenhouse gas fluxes across all treatments were low and we  observed a three-year net loss of SOC under the C4 crop and a net increase  under the C3 crop at a 0-30 cm soil depth regardless of fertilization.  Further, we detected crop-specific changes in the soil microbiome,  including an increased relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi  under the C3, and potentially pathogenic fungi in the C4 grass. Taken  together, these findings highlight the potential of CBF-fertilized C3  crops as a second-generation bioenergy feedstock in semiarid regions as a  part of a climate mitigation strategy.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "root chemistry", "13. Climate action", "soil nitrogen", "plant tissue chemistry", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Greenhouse Gas Flux", "15. Life on land", "aboveground biomass", "7. Clean energy", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gay, Justin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gv6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-22", "title": "Roles Of Biotic And Abiotic Variables In Determining Spatial Variation Of Soil Respiration In Secondary Oak And Planted Pine Forests", "description": "Abstract   Monoculture pine plantation (PP) was widely established after clear-cutting of natural forests last century in China. However, its effects on soil CO2 efflux (RS) temporally and spatially are still poorly understood. Biotic and abiotic factors that control spatio-temporal variation of RS were assessed in a naturally regenerated oak forest (OF) and a nearby PP in a warm temperate area of China. We hypothesized that spatial variation of RS in PP is lower than that in OF and is less influenced by biotic factors due to its homogeneous stand structure compared to the regenerated OF. RS measurement campaigns were conducted in two 40\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a060\u00a0m plots in OF and PP from Oct. 2008 to Oct. 2009. Soil temperature at 5\u00a0cm depth (T5) exerted considerable influence on the temporal variation in RS. However, the spatial variation of RS was not affected by T5 in either PP or OF. The observed spatial pattern of RS remained comparatively consistent throughout the measurement campaigns for both forests. Soil chemical and physical parameters such as soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), total nitrogen (TN), bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), water-filled pore space (WFPS), and water-holding capacity (WHC) had significant impact on the spatial variation of RS for both OF and PP. We found that biotic factors such as fine root biomass (FR) and stand structure parameters including basal area (BA), maximum diameter at breast height (max. DBH), and mean DBH within 4\u20135\u00a0m of the measurement points had significant influence on the spatial variation of RS in OF, while no similar significant correlation was found in PP. A stepwise multi-linear regression showed that water-holding capacity (WHC), max. DBH within 4\u00a0m of the measurement points (max. DBH4), and total porosity (TP) contributed 68.7% to the spatial variation of RS in OF, while light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and bulk density (BD) accounted for 46.9% of the spatial variation of RS in PP. These differentiated the importance of biotic and abiotic factors in controlling the spatial variation of RS between the naturally regenerated OF and the artificially regenerated monoculture PP. Therefore, compared to OF, relatively lower coefficients of spatial variation for RS were observed in PP across the year, which was partly attributed to its simple stand structure of PP. Our findings are valuable for accurately estimating regional carbon fluxes by considering the spatio-temporal variation of RS in artificially and naturally regenerated forests.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-30", "title": "Effects Of Phosphorus Addition On Soil Microbial Biomass And Community Composition In Three Forest Types In Tropical China", "description": "Abstract   Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition in humid tropical regions may aggravate phosphorus (P) deficiency in forest on old weathered soil found in these regions. From January 2007 to August 2009, we studied the responses of soil microbial biomass and community composition to P addition (in two monthly portions at level of 15\u00a0g P m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121) in three tropical forests in southern China. The forests were an old-growth forest and two disturbed forests (mixed species and pine dominated). The objective was to test the hypothesis that P addition would increase microbial biomass and change the composition of the microbial community, and that the old-growth forests would be more sensitive to P addition due to its higher soil N availability. Microbial biomass C (MBC) was estimated twice a year and the microbial community structure was quantified by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis at the end of the experiment. Addition of P significantly increased the microbial biomass and altered the microbial community composition in the old-growth forest, suggesting that P availability is one of the limiting factors for microbial growth. This was also reflected by significant increases in soil respiration after P addition. In contrast, P addition had no effect on the microbial biomass and the microbial community composition in the pine forests. Also in the mixed forest, the microbial biomass did not significantly respond to P addition, but soil respiration and the ratio of fungal-to-bacteria was significantly increased.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-12", "title": "Chronic N Deposition Does Not Apparently Alter The Biochemical Composition Of Forest Floor And Soil Organic Matter", "description": "Abstract   Future rates of atmospheric N deposition have the potential to slow litter decay and increase the accumulation of soil organic matter by repressing the activity of lignolytic soil microorganisms. We investigated the relationship between soil biochemical characteristics and enzymatic responses in a series of sugar maple (Acer saccharum)-dominated forests that have been subjected to 16\u00a0yrs of chronic N deposition (ambient\u00a0+\u00a03\u00a0g NO3\u2212\u2013N m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121), in which litter decay has slowed and soil organic matter has accumulated in sandy spodosols. Cupric-oxide-extractable lignin-derived phenols were quantified to determine the presence, source, and relative oxidation state of lignin-like compounds under ambient and experimental N deposition. Pools of respired C and mineralized N, along with rate constants for these processes, were used to quantify biochemically labile substrate pools during a 16-week laboratory incubation. Extracellular enzymes mediating cellulose and lignin metabolism also were measured under ambient and experimental N deposition, and these values were compared with proxies for the relative oxidation of lignin in forest floor and surface mineral soil. Chronic N deposition had no influence on the pools or rate constants for respired C and mineralized N. Moreover, neither the total amount of extractable lignin (forest floor, P\u00a0=\u00a00.260; mineral soil, P\u00a0=\u00a00.479), nor the relative degree of lignin oxidation in the forest floor or mineral soil (forest floor P\u00a0=\u00a00.680; mineral soil P\u00a0=\u00a00.934) was influenced by experimental N deposition. Given their biochemical attributes, lignin-derived molecules in forest floor and mineral soil appear to originate from fine roots, rather than leaf litter. Under none of the studied circumstances was the presence or relative oxidation of lignin correlated with the activity of cellulolytic and lignolytic extracellular enzymes. Although chronic atmospheric N deposition has slowed litter decay and increased organic matter in our experiment, it had little effect on biochemical composition of lignin-derived molecules in forest floor and surface mineral soil suggesting organic matter has accumulated by other means. Moreover, the specific dynamics of lignin phenol decay is decoupled from short-term organic matter accumulation under chronic N deposition in this ecosystem.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-08", "title": "Biodegradability Of Organic Matter In Fire-Affected Mineral Soils Of Southern Spain", "description": "Open AccessIncorporated into the soil, naturally formed pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) is considered as highly recalcitrant, but direct estimation of PyOM decomposition rates are scarce. With this aim in mind, we subjected organic matter (OM) of fire-affected and unaffected soils to biochemical degradation under laboratory conditions and monitored CO2 production over a period of seven months. The soils derived from the Sierra de Aznalc\u00f3llar, Southern Spain, and were sampled 4 weeks and 5 years after a severe fire. Virtual fractionation of the solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the fire-affected soils into fire-unaffected soil organic matter (SOM) and PyOM yielded charcoal C contributions of 30 to 50% to the total organic C (Corg) of the sample. Fitting the respiration data with a double exponential decay model revealed a fast carbon flush during the first three weeks of the experiment. Solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy evidenced the contribution of aromatic moieties of the PyOM to this initial carbon release and to the biosynthesis of new microbial biomass. Considering the loss of microbiologically easily available fresh litter by wildfires, this relatively labile PyOM fraction may contribute to a fast recovery of a fire-affected site. The input of PyOM resulted in an increase of the mean residence time (MRT) of the slow OM pool of the soil by a factor of 3-4 to approximately 40 years. Assuming that under field conditions, the microbial activity corresponds to approximately 10% of the value observed under optimal laboratory conditions, MRTs of 500-600 years were estimated for the slow PyOM pool. The fact that these times are only 5-6 times longer than those calculated for fire-unaffected SOM rises doubts about the presumed big influence of PyOM as an additional C-sink in soils. On the other hand, although being small the difference in turnover rates is evident and has some major implication with respect to long-term alteration of the chemical composition of OM in fire-affected soils. In case of a reduced input of fresh litter, the preferential degradation of fire-unaffected SOM yields in a selective preservation of PyOM. To what extent this can alter soil properties, has still to be elucidated. In cultivated soils rarely affected by fire or with low charcoal input after burning of harvest, the impact of PyOM accumulation may be of minor importance. On the other hand, for soils regularly amended with high amounts of biochar or subjected to frequent natural or prescribed burnings, it may be an important factor.", "keywords": ["Respiration experiments", "Biochar", "Soil organic matter turnover", "Forest fires", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Solid-state NMR spectroscopy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Virtual fractionation of SOM", "15. Life on land", "Pyrogenic organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-06", "title": "Phenoloxidase And Peroxidase Activities In Sphagnum-Dominated Peatland In A Warming Climate", "description": "Peatlands still suffer from the scarcity of available data about the characterization and the response to climate forcing of the main oxidative enzymes that occur over the seasons. In the present study, phenoloxidase and peroxidase activities were examined in Sphagnum lawns along a narrow fen-bog gradient under experimental elevated temperatures. We showed that peroxidase activities from Sphagnum mosses were 1000-fold higher than those of phenoloxidases irrespective of seasons and sampling areas. Peroxidase activities increased (+30%) with the rise of air temperatures (an average of 1 \u00b0C), while warming did not alter phenoloxidase activities. These results suggest that the monitoring of peroxidase activities in peatlands may represent a suitable and forward indicator of the impact of climate warming on carbon cycle in peatlands.", "keywords": ["580", "570", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "environment", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Climat&offset=2500&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Climat&offset=2500&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Climat&offset=2450", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Climat&offset=2550", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8066, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T15:31:51.436469Z"}