{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-24", "title": "Annual Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide And Nitric Oxide From A Wheat\u2013Maize Cropping System On A Silt Loam Calcareous Soil In The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen amendment followed by flooding irrigation is a general management practice for a wheat\u2013maize rotation in the North China Plain, which may favor nitrification and denitrification. Consequently, high emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and nitric oxide (NO) are hypothesized to occur. To test this hypothesis, we performed year-round field measurements of N 2 O and NO fluxes from irrigated wheat\u2013maize fields on a calcareous soil applied with all crop residues using a static, opaque chamber measuring system. To interpret the field data, laboratory experiments using intact soil cores with added carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium) substrates were performed. Our field measurements showed that pulse emissions after fertilization and irrigation/rainfall contributed to 73% and 88% of the annual N 2 O and NO emissions, respectively. Soil moisture and mineral nitrogen contents significantly affected the emissions of both gases. Annual emissions from fields fertilized at the conventional rate (600\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) totaled 4.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2 and 3.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  for N 2 O and NO, respectively, while those from unfertilized fields were much lower (0.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.02\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  and 0.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.05\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 , respectively). Direct emission factors (EF d s) of N 2 O and NO for the fertilizer nitrogen were estimated to be 0.59\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04% and 0.44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04%, respectively. By summarizing the results of our study and others, we recommended specific EF d s (N 2 O: 0.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09%; NO: 0.45\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04%) for estimating emissions from irrigated croplands on calcareous soils with organic carbon ranging from 5 to 16\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 . Nitrification dominated the processes driving the emissions of both gases following fertilization. It was evident that insufficient available carbon limited microbial denitrification and thus N 2 O emission. This implicates that efforts to enhance carbon sink in calcareous soils likely increase their N 2 O emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.01.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-24", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Drying Intensity And Duration On Respiration And Methane Production Recovery In Fen Peat Incubations", "description": "Abstract   Drying and rewetting to a variable extent influence the C gas exchange between peat soils and the atmosphere. We incubated a decomposed and compacted fen peat and investigated in two experiments 1) the vertical distribution of CO 2  and CH 4  production rates and their response to drying and 2) the effects of temperature, drying intensity and duration on CO 2  production rates and on CH 4  production recovery after rewetting. Surface peat down to 5\u00a0cm contributed up to 67% (CO 2 ) and above 80% (CH 4 ) of the depth-aggregated (50\u00a0cm) production. As CO 2  production sharply decreased with depth water table fluctuations in deeper peat layers are thus not expected to cause a substantial increase in soil respiration in this site. Compared to anaerobic water saturated conditions drying increased peat CO 2  production by a factor between 1.4 and 2.1. Regarding the effects of the studied factors, warmer conditions increased and prolonged drying duration decreased CO 2  production whereas the soil moisture level had little influence. No significant interactions among factors were found. Short dry events under warmer conditions are likely to result in greatest peaks of CO 2  production rates. Upon rewetting, CH 4  production was monitored over time and the recovery was standardized to pre-drying levels to compare the treatment effects. Methane production increased non-linearly over time and all factors (temperature, drying intensity and duration) influenced the pattern of post-drying CH 4  production. Peat undergoing more intense and longer drying events required a longer lag time before substantial CH 4  production occurred and warmer conditions appeared to speed up the process.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-17", "title": "Increased Temperature And Precipitation Had Limited Effects On Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities In A Post-Harvest Forest", "description": "Abstract   Forest harvesting often increases soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization, and we hypothesized that these increases would be enhanced by predicted climate change. While there are many metrics of soil C and N cycling, here we tested our hypothesis using extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) that reflect microbial resource\u00a0allocation toward C and N acquisition. We monitored soil extracellular enzyme activities for 2.5 years in a whole-tree harvested forest in Pennsylvania with climate manipulations of warming (+2\u00a0\u00b0C) and wetting (+20% precipitation) implemented in a factorial design. Climate treatments had little effect on soil water-extractable carbon and inorganic N concentrations. Only \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) showed climate treatment effects; evidence suggests warming decreased BG ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.025) and NAG ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.007) relative non-warmed treatments by an average of 19% and 21% respectively. Increased precipitation had no effect on the six soil EEAs. Two commonly used exoenzyme ratios did not vary among treatments. However, the ratio of activity of nitrogen acquiring enzymes (leucine aminopeptidase\u00a0+\u00a0NAG) to key C acquiring enzymes (BG\u00a0+\u00a0cellobiohydrolase\u00a0+\u00a0polyphenol oxydase) was highest in the single-factor warmed ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.023) and wetted ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.025) treatments. Overall, changes in soil EEA ratios were poorly correlated with changes in soil C and N pools, indicating either a strong influence of abiotic controls on EEA or that the particular enzymes we analyzed were not good indicators of microbial supply and demand for C and N.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jason P. Kaye, Margot W. Kaye, Marshall D. McDaniel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-28", "title": "The Effect Of Earthworms On Carbon Storage And Soil Organic Matter Composition In Tropical Soil Amended With Compost And Vermicompost", "description": "The use of organic matter (OM) amendments is widespread in tropical countries and may be beneficial for soil carbon storage. Interactions between earthworms and OM amendments in tropical soils are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bioturbation on the quantity and chemical composition of OM in soil amended with compost and vermicompost. Our approach included comparison of soil samples amended with compost, vermicompost or chemical fertilizers in the presence or absence of earthworms during a one-year greenhouse experiment. The soils were submitted to a regular cultivation cycle. After one year, we analysed bulk samples for soil OM elemental composition and characterised its lignin and non-cellulosic carbohydrate components. Our results showed a decrease of the carbon and nitrogen content in soil amended with chemical fertilizers. Vermicompost amendment led to unchanged OC content, whereas the compost amendment increased the soils OC content compared to initial soil. The addition of earthworms reduced OC and N content in soils with organic amendments. This is in contrast to soil amended with mineral fertilizer only, where the presence of earthworms did not have any effect. Bioturbation influenced the lignin signature of the soils, and to a lesser extent the non-cellulosic carbohydrate signature. In conclusion, compost amendment combined with bioturbation influenced the quality and quantity of SOM and as result carbon storage and its biogeochemical cycling in tropical soils. Implications for soil fertility remain to be elucidated.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Compost", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "333", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Earthworms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Tropical soil", "Vermicompost"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-16", "title": "Severe Drought Conditions Modify The Microbial Community Structure, Size And Activity In Amended And Unamended Soils", "description": "Abstract   Biological activity could be affected severely by the impact on soil quality of drought, which can be very severe in Southern areas of Europe. The objective of this work was to assess, under controlled laboratory conditions, whether a long period of severe drought (six months) can affect the structure, size and activity of the microbial community of a semiarid soil, as well as the influence of organic amendments on these effects. The soil was incubated for 180 days under controlled conditions (25\u00a0\u00b0C and 60/80% day/night relative humidity), with two treatments: unamended (US) and amended (AS) with manure compost (100\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Two levels of irrigation were imposed: (1) well-watered (MUS and MAS), the soil being maintained at 60% of its water-holding capacity (WHC), and (2) dry soils, without irrigation (DUS and DAS). The drought conditions caused a significant inhibition of C and N mineralisation, and affected negatively the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass. Thus, after 180 days under drought conditions, the non-watered soils showed higher organic carbon content than the well-watered soils. Likewise, the stressed soils showed significantly lower values of water-soluble N, ATP content, microbial biomass C, alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity and total functional diversity than the well-watered soils. There was a significant decrease in the total amount of each fatty acid in DUS and DAS with respect to MUS and MAS after 180 days under drought. The physiology of the microbial community was affected more strongly by water stress than was the microbial community structure, changes in the structure caused by drought being less pronounced in amended than in unamended soils. Furthermore, the organic amendments increased the soil organic matter content, hence improving the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass and helping soil to retain moisture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Teresa Hern\u00e1ndez, S. Hueso, Carlos Garc\u00eda,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-17", "title": "The Effect Of Biochar Addition On N2o And Co2 Emissions From A Sandy Loam Soil \u2013 The Role Of Soil Aeration", "description": "Abstract   Biochar application to soil has significant potential as a climate change mitigation strategy, due to its recalcitrant C content and observed effect to suppress soil greenhouse gas emissions such as nitrous oxide (N2O). Increased soil aeration following biochar amendment may contribute to this suppression.  Soil cores from a Miscanthus X. giganteus plantation were amended with hardwood biochar at a rate of 2% dry soil weight (22\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121). The cores were incubated at three different temperatures (4, 10 and 16\u00a0\u00b0C) for 126 days, maintained field moist and half subjected to periodic wetting events. Cumulative N2O production was consistently suppressed by at least 49% with biochar amendment within 48\u00a0h of wetting at 10 and 16\u00a0\u00b0C. We concluded that hardwood biochar suppressed soil N2O emissions following wetting at a range of field-relevant temperatures over four months. We hypothesised that this was due to biochar increasing soil aeration at relatively high moisture contents by increasing the water holding capacity (WHC) of the soil; however, this hypothesis was rejected.  We found that 5% and 10% biochar amendment increased soil WHC. Also, 10% biochar amendment decreased bulk density of the soil. Sealed incubations were performed with biochar added at 0\u201310 % of dry soil weight and wetted to a uniform 87% WHC (78% WFPS). Cumulative N2O production within 60\u00a0h of wetting was 19, 19, 73 and 98% lower than the biochar-free control in the 1, 2, 5 and 10% biochar treatments respectively. We conclude that high levels of biochar amendment may change soil physical properties, but that the enhancement of soil aeration by biochar incorporation makes only a minimal contribution to the suppression of N2O emissions from a sandy loam soil. We suggest that microbial or physical immobilisation of NO3\u2212 in soil following biochar addition may significantly contribute to the suppression of soil N2O emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "climate change", "water holding capacity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "charcoal", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-22", "title": "Evidence That Stable C Is As Vulnerable To Priming Effect As Is More Labile C In Soil", "description": "Abstract   A significant fraction of soil organic carbon, named stable organic carbon (C) pool, has residence times longer than centuries and its vulnerability to land use or climatic changes is virtually unknown. Long-term bare fallows offer a unique opportunity to isolate the stable organic pool of soils and study its properties. We investigated the vulnerability of the stable organic C pool to fresh organic matter inputs by comparing the mineralization in a long-term bare fallow soil with that of an adjacent arable soil, containing stable C as well as more labile C. For this, we amended or not the soil samples with two different 13C-labelled fresh organic matter (straw or cellulose). In all cases we found a positive priming effect (i.e. an increased mineralization of soil organic carbon) when fresh organic matter was added. By comparing the results obtained on both soils, we estimated that half of the \u201cprimed\u201d C in the arable soil due to straw addition as fresh organic matter, originated from the stable C pool. Our results suggest that under such conditions, which frequently occur, the stable pool of soil organic matter may largely contribute to soil extra-CO2 emissions due to priming effect. Consequently, the C storage potential of this pool may be modified by changes in land use and/or biomass production that might change the priming of the mineralization of the stable pool of soil organic carbon.", "keywords": ["[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "13. Climate action", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-24", "title": "Biological Degradation Of Pyrogenic Organic Matter In Temperate Forest Soils", "description": "Abstract   Pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM), derived from the incomplete combustion of plant biomass and fossil fuels, has been considered one of the most stable pools of soil organic matter (SOM) and a potentially important terrestrial sink for atmospheric CO 2 . Recent evidence suggests that PyOM may degrade faster in soil than previously thought, and can affect native SOM turnover rates. We conducted a six-month laboratory incubation study to better understand the processes controlling the degradation of PyOM in soils using dual-enriched ( 13 C/ 15 N) PyOM and its precursor wood ( Pinus ponderosa ). We examined the effects of soil type and inorganic N addition on PyOM and wood C and N mineralization rates, microbial C utilization patterns, and native SOM turnover rates. PyOM charred at 450\u00a0\u00b0C or its precursor pine wood was incubated in two temperate forest subsoils with contrasting short range order (SRO) clay mineralogy (granite versus andesite parent material). Duplicates of experimental treatments with and without PyOM added were sterilized and abiotic C mineralization was quantified. In a second incubation, PyOM or wood was incubated in granitic soil with and without added NH 4 NO 3  (20\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ). The fate of  13 C/ 15 N-enriched PyOM and wood was followed as soil-respired  13 CO 2  and total extractable inorganic  15 N. The uptake of  13 C from PyOM and wood by soil microbial community groups was quantified using  13 C-phospholipids fatty acids (PLFA). We found that (1) The mean residence time (MRT) of PyOM-C was on a centennial time scale (390\u2013600\u00a0yr) in both soil types; (2) PyOM-C mineralization was mainly biologically mediated; (3) Fungi more actively utilized wood-C than PyOM-C, which was utilized by all bacteria groups, especially gram (+) bacteria in the andesite (AN) soil; (4) PyOM-N mineralization was 2 times greater in granite (GR) than in AN soils; (5) PyOM additions did not affect native soil C or N mineralization rates, microbial biomass, or PLFA-defined microbial community composition in either soil; (6) The addition of N to GR soil had no effect on the MRT of C from PyOM, wood, or native SOM. The centennial scale MRT for PyOM-C was 32 times slower than that for the precursor pine wood-C or native soil C, which is faster than the MRT used in ecosystem models. Our results show that PyOM-C is readily utilized by all heterotrophic microbial groups, and PyOM-C and -N may be more dynamic in soils than previously thought.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-09", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions From A Wastewater Sludge-Amended Soil Cultivated With Wheat (Triticum Spp. L.) As Affected By Different Application Rates Of Charcoal", "description": "Abstract   Applying biochar to soil is an easy way to sequester carbon in soil, while it might reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and stimulate plant growth. The effect of charcoal application (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%) on\u00a0GHG emission was studied in a wastewater sludge-amended arable soil (Typic Fragiudepts) cultivated with wheat (Triticum spp. L.) in a greenhouse. The application of charcoal at \u22651.5% reduced the CO2 emission rate significantly \u226537% compared to unamended soil (135.3\u00a0g\u00a0CO2\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0day\u22121) in the first two weeks, while the N2O emission rate decreased 44% when 4.5% charcoal was added (0.72\u00a0g\u00a0N2O\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0day\u22121). The cumulative GHG emission over 45 days was 2% lower when 1.5% charcoal, 34% lower when 3.0% charcoal and 39% lower when 4.5% charcoal was applied to the sludge-amended soil cultivated with wheat. Wheat growth was inhibited in the charcoal-amended soil compared to the unamended soil, but not yields after 135 days. It was found that charcoal addition reduced the emissions of N2O and CO2, and the cumulative GHG emissions over 45 days, without altering wheat yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-22", "title": "Sensitivity Of Soil Respiration And Microbial Communities To Altered Snowfall", "description": "Winter respiration is a quantitatively important, yet variable flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) from soils to the atmosphere. Variability in winter soil respiration may be influenced by the effects of snowfall on microbial communities and their metabolic activities. In this study, we evaluated the importance of snowpack depth on soil respiration and microbial communities in a temperate deciduous forest. Snow removal created relatively dry, frequently frozen, and carbon substrate-poor soils, while snow additions led to wetter, warmer, and relatively carbon substrate-rich soils. Using time-series multiple regression, we observed enhanced sensitivity of respiration to moisture under ambient snow and snow removal; however, this effect was accompanied by a temporal lag suggesting that microorganisms had a delayed response to increases in free-water during soil thawing events. Conversely, soil respiration was only sensitive to temperature in the snow addition treatment when soil temperatures were consistently above 0\u00a0\u00b0C. The snow-induced respiration dynamics were accompanied by shifts in the structure of wintertime fungal and bacterial communities. We detected an impact of altered snowpack on bacterial richness during the growing season, but our manipulation did not have legacy effects on other features of the soil microbial community at spring thaw. Our results suggest that microbial communities may be \u201creset\u201d during seasonal transitions from winter to spring, and that soil microorganisms are likely adapted to annual fluctuations in snowpack depth. As snowpack becomes more variable in mid-latitude systems due to climate change, our findings suggest that soil moisture and temperature will co-regulate wintertime respiration through a non-linear relationship surrounding soil freeze\u2013thaw cycles, with snow-mediated changes in microbial community structure likely influencing wintertime respiration dynamics.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.08.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-29", "title": "Indirect And Direct Effects Of Exotic Earthworms On Soil Nutrient And Carbon Pools In North American Temperate Forests", "description": "Abstract   Earthworm invasions in North American temperate forests cause considerable changes to soil and litter horizons, which can lead to changes in soil biogeochemistry and plant communities. These ecosystem changes have complex causal relationships, and the cascades of indirect effects from earthworm burrowing and feeding may have larger net effects on soil biogeochemistry than direct effects. In this study we partitioned the effects of earthworms on particular soil nutrient and carbon pools into direct and indirect effects. We defined direct effects as consisting of the association between the soil nutrient or carbon pool and earthworm biomass, whilst indirect effects included the impacts earthworms have on these soil pools through changing litter layer depth and soil chemical and biotic factors. We quantified these direct and indirect effects using a path analysis approach applied to data collected from 24 plots across an earthworm gradient in a northern hardwood forest stand in Ontario, Canada. As potential predictors, we measured earthworm functional group biomass, litter depth, microbial biomass, soil pH, texture, and organic matter. We related these predictors to extractable nutrient and carbon concentrations, including nitrate/nitrite, ammonium, orthophosphate, and dissolved organic nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon. We found few direct effects and primarily indirect effects of earthworms on the soil nutrient and carbon pools we measured. Endogeic earthworms had the strongest indirect effects via changes to pH, microbial biomass carbon, and proportion of soil organic matter. Anecic earthworms only indirectly affected soil and nutrient pools through changes in pH, and epigeic earthworms did not have either direct or indirect effects. Because endogeic earthworms had indirect effects through changing multiple soil factors, for some soil and nutrient pools these indirect effects augmented each other (primarily yielding negative effects), although in some cases indirect positive effects mitigated negative effects. Overall, the net effects of exotic earthworms on soil and nutrient pools were mostly negative. Of particular concern was the potential exacerbation by endogeic earthworms of phosphorus limitation in\u00a0N-saturated forest systems, as well as carbon loss from mineral soils in addition to losses from the forest floor.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.08.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.08.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.08.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.08.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-27", "title": "Using N-15 Tracers To Estimate N2o And N-2 Emissions From Nitrification And Denitrification In Coastal Plain Wetlands Under Contrasting Land-Uses", "description": "Microbial nitrification and denitrification both can emit nitrous oxide (N2O), a major greenhouse gas, and the relative contribution of each pathway depends strongly on soil moisture conditions. We conducted a stable isotope tracer experiment to determine the contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N2O and dinitrogen (N2) fluxes in coastal plain wetlands, and to determine the response of these processes to changing soil moisture. We added 15N-labeled nitrate (NO3\u2212) or ammonium (NH4+) to intact soil cores collected from an agricultural field, a restored wetland, and a preserved forested wetland, and subjected the cores to a drying or wetting hydrologic manipulation. Across all soils and treatments, the combined fluxes of N2O and N2 ranged widely, between 0.23 and 2900\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121, and N2O accounted for as little as 0% to as much as 43% of the total gaseous nitrogen (N) fluxes. Fluxes of both gases increased with increasing soil moisture in all soils and tracer treatments, but the relative enhancement of the two gases varied by soil type and N source. The N2O yields [N2O/(N2O\u00a0+\u00a0N2)] derived from both nitrification and denitrification were low (1\u20133%) in five of eight soils in each tracer experiment. Surprisingly, nitrification-derived N2O yields were highest (13\u201331%) in soils with the highest organic matter and soil moisture (restored wetland under simulated rain and forested wetland under drained and simulated rain), while denitrification-derived N2O yields (12\u201336%) were highest under simulated rain in the two mineral soils (agricultural field and mineral soils of the restored wetland), and under drained conditions in the forested wetland. These results are consistent with field-measured N2O fluxes in our previous work in these sites. We suggest that nitrification plays an important and underappreciated role in contributing to N2O fluxes from freshwater wetlands with often-saturated, acid-organic soils, while incomplete denitrification is the likely source of N2O following rain events in agricultural soils in southeastern U.S. coastal plain wetlands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.07.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-12", "title": "Short-Term Co2 And N2o Emissions And Microbial Properties Of Biochar Amended Sandy Loam Soils", "description": "Biochar produced during pyrolysis of biomass has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. In order to evaluate the effect of four different biochar additions on the emission of the greenhouse gases CO2 and N2O, two incubation experiments were established in a temperate sandy loam soil. Digestate, a waste-product of the wet fermentation of swine manure, and willow wood was slowly pyrolyzed at 350\u00a0\u00b0C and 700\u00a0\u00b0C, yielding four biochar types (DS350, DS700, WS350 and WS700). In the first incubation experiment (117 days), C mineralization was monitored in soil amended with biochar at a quantity of 10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 on an area-basis (biochar to soil ratio of 1:69 on a mass basis) at 50% water filled pore space (WFPS). CO2 emissions from the 350\u00a0\u00b0C biochar treatments were significantly higher than the control (no biochar) treatment, while we observed no significantly different net C mineralization in the treatments with the 700\u00a0\u00b0C biochars compared to the control. After fitting a combined zero- plus first-order model to the cumulative C mineralization data, the parameter for the easily mineralizable C pool (CAf) positively correlated with the volatile matter (VM) contents of the biochars. Microbial biomass carbon consistently increased due to all biochar additions, while the dehydrogenase activity increased in the 350\u00a0\u00b0C biochar treatments but decreased in the 700\u00a0\u00b0C biochar treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the extracted phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) demonstrated that divergent microbial community structures established after the addition of all biochars. The markers for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were more abundant in the 350\u00a0\u00b0C biochar treatments compared to the control and to the other biochar treatments. Net N mineralization was higher in the digestate biochar treatments than in the willow biochar treatments and decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures and increasing C:N ratio. In a second incubation experiment (15 days) N2O emissions were measured at WFPS of 70% and the same biochars were added in the same quantity as for C mineralization, with the addition of 40\u00a0mg KNO3\u2013N\u00a0kg\u22121. The cumulative N2O emission after 15 days was positively correlated with the volatile matter content of the biochars and was significantly lower in the 700\u00a0\u00b0C biochar treatments compared to the control, while no significant differences were found for the 350\u00a0\u00b0C biochar treatments. This study suggests that volatile matter content could be an important property of biochars in explaining short-term CO2 and N2O emissions from biochar-amended soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-14", "title": "Microbial Biomass Growth, Following Incorporation Of Biochars Produced At 350 Degrees C Or 700 Degrees C, In A Silty-Clay Loam Soil Of High And Low Ph", "description": "Biochar has been widely proposed as a soil amendment, with reports of benefits to soil physical, chemical and biological properties. To quantify the changes in soil microbial biomass and to understand the mechanisms involved, two biochars were prepared at 350 \u00b0C (BC350) and 700 \u00b0C (BC700) from Miscanthus giganteus, a C4 plant, naturally enriched with 13C. The biochars were added to soils of about pH 4 and 8, which were both sampled from a soil pH gradient of the same soil type. Isotopic (13C) techniques were used to investigate biochar C availability to the biomass. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microbial colonization, and Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) to highlight structural changes at the surface of the biochars. After 90 days incubation, BC350 significantly increased the biomass C concentration relative to the controls in both the low (p < 0.05) and high pH soil (p < 0.01). It declined between day 90 and 180. The same trend occurred with soil microbial ATP. Overall, biomass C and ATP concentrations were closely correlated over all treatments (R2 = 0.87). This indicates that neither the biomass C, nor ATP analyses were affected by the biochars, unless, of course, they were both affected in the same way, which is highly unlikely. About 20% of microbial biomass 13C was derived from BC350 after 90 days of incubation in both low and high pH soils. However, less than 2% of biomass 13C was derived from BC700 in the high pH soil, showing very low biological availability of BC700. After 90 days of incubation, microbial colonization in the charsphere (defined here as the interface between soil and biochar) was more pronounced with the BC350 in the low pH soil. This was consistent with the biomass C and ATP results. The microbial colonization following biochar addition in our study was mainly attributed to biochar C availability and its large surface area. There was a close linear relationship between 13CO2 evolved and biomass 13C, suggesting that biochar mineralization is essentially a biological process. The interactions between non-living and living organic C forms, which are vital in terms of soil fertility and the global C cycle, may be favoured in the charsphere, which has unique properties, distinct from both the internal biochar and the bulk soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-15", "title": "Dynamics Of Aggregate-Associated Organic Carbon Following Conversion Of Forest To Cropland", "description": "Abstract   The conversion of natural forest to cropland generally results in the loss of soil organic carbon (OC) and an increase in CO 2  flux to the atmosphere. The dynamics of aggregate-associated OC after conversion to cropland are still not well understood. Such an understanding is essential for accurately estimating C flux between soil and the atmosphere. To learn more about OC dynamics after cultivation of natural forest land, we measured total soil and aggregate-associated OC in paired forest and cropland plots in Shaanxi Province, China. The cropland had been converted from adjacent forest 4, 50, and 100\u00a0yrs previously. As expected, the conversion to cropland resulted in significant declines in total soil OC concentrations and stocks. The largest decreases occurred during the early stages of cultivation. A century of cultivation decreased total soil OC stocks in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth by 0.77\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 . Macroaggregate-associated OC stocks decreased, but microaggregate-associated OC stocks increased following the conversion of forest to cropland. Silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay-associated OC stocks were not affected. The reduction in macroaggregate-associated OC stocks was caused by declines in both the amount of soil in the macroaggregate fraction and by decreases in the concentration of macroaggregate-associated OC. The results of this study indicate the conversion of forest to cropland not only reduced total soil OC stocks, but also caused a percentage shift in the distribution of total soil OC among aggregate size classes and among soil depths. These shifts would delay the loss of OC, so the loss of OC in forest soil due to cultivation might thus be lower than expected.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xingchang Zhang, William J. Gale, Xiaorong Wei, Mingan Shao, Linhai Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-20", "title": "Response Of Anaerobic Carbon Cycling To Water Table Manipulation In An Alaskan Rich Fen", "description": "To test the effects of altered hydrology on organic soil decomposition, we investigated CO2 and CH4 production potential of rich-fen peat (mean surface pH = 6.3) collected from a field water table manipulation experiment including control, raised and lowered water table treatments. Mean anaerobic CO2 production potential at 10 cm depth (14.1 \u00b1 0.9 \u00b5mol C g-1 d-1) was as high as aerobic CO2 production potential (10.6 \u00b1 1.5 \u00b5mol C g-1 d-1), while CH4 production was low (mean of 7.8 \u00b1 1.5 nmol C g-1 d-1). Denitrification enzyme activity indicated a very high denitrification potential (197 \u00b1 23 \u00b5g N g-1 d-1), but net NO-3 reduction suggested this was a relatively minor pathway for anaerobic CO2 production. Abundances of denitrifier genes (nirK and nosZ) did not change across water table treatments. SO2 4- reduction also did not appear to be an important pathway for anaerobic CO2 production. The net accumulation of acetate and formate as decomposition end products in the raised water table treatment suggested that fermentation was a significant pathway for carbon mineralization, even in the presence of NO-3. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were the strongest predictors of potential anaerobic and aerobic CO2 production. Across all water table treatments, the CO2:CH4 ratio increased with initial DOC leachate concentrations. While the field water table treatment did not have a significant effect on mean CO2 or CH4 production potential, the CO2:CH4 ratio was highest in shallow peat incubations from the drained treatment. These data suggest that with continued drying or with a more variable water table, anaerobic CO2 production may be favored over CH4 production in this rich fen. Future research examining the potential for dissolved organic substances to facilitate anaerobic respiration, or alternative redox processes that limit the effectiveness of organic acids as substrates in anaerobic metabolism, would help explain additional uncertainty concerning carbon mineralization in this system.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-14", "title": "Biochar Addition Indirectly Affects N2o Emissions Via Soil Moisture And Plant N Uptake", "description": "Studies in tropical and temperate regions and in the laboratory have shown that the addition of biochar into agricultural soils has potential to mitigate climate change by increasing crop yield per area, decreasing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and increasing soil carbon (C) storage. The impacts of biochar on plant productivity and soil processes are, however, highly variable depending on the properties of the biochar and the soil, plant species and environmental conditions. We studied the effects of biochar addition on soil moisture, yield of Phleum pratense (timothy), respiration and N2O emissions in mesocosms with a bare mineral soil or P.\u00a0pratense stand. Biochar was made from spruce chips under rather low temperatures (400\u2013450\u00a0\u00b0C) and was mixed into the whole soil layer of 45\u00a0cm during the preparation of the mesocosms. The mesocosms were fertilized with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3;100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) at the beginning of the experiment and after each harvest. Air temperature was maintained at 20\u00a0\u00b0C during the daytime and at 15\u00a0\u00b0C at night. Soil temperature was kept at a constant 15\u00a0\u00b0C. Biochar increased soil moisture increasing soil respiration and N2O emissions in the bare soil mesocosms, and yield, nitrogen (N) content and N uptake in P.\u00a0pratense decreasing N2O efflux in the vegetated mesocosms under dry conditions (surface soil moisture 20\u201330%). Under wet conditions (surface soil moisture 40\u201350%), N2O emissions increased in the vegetated mesocosms simultaneously with the decreased N uptake in P.\u00a0pratense harvest. Biochar could thus benefit agriculture, especially during the dry periods of the growing season, but might also increase N2O emissions. Biochar affected N2O efflux indirectly via soil moisture and plant N uptake.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-29", "title": "Chars Produced By Slow Pyrolysis And Hydrothermal Carbonization Vary In Carbon Sequestration Potential And Greenhouse Gases Emissions", "description": "Bio-char, biomass that has been deliberately charred to slow its rate of decomposition, has been proposed as an amendment with the potential to sequester carbon and improve certain soil properties. Slow pyrolysis (temperature \u2264500\u00b0C) and hydrothermal carbonization (low temperature, high pressure) are two efficient methods to produce bio-char with high yield and are applicable to a broad range of feedstocks. Chars made using slow pyrolysis (PC) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of the same feedstock material (corn, C4) differed in physical appearance, chemical properties and decomposition behavior. We added these HTC and PC chars as amendments to three soils with C3-derived organic matter that differed in clay content, pH, and land use (managed spruce forest, unmanaged deciduous forest and agriculture), and compared their impacts on carbon sequestration and net greenhouse gas (CO2, 13CO2, N2O and CH4) emissions. HTC addition (1% w/w) significantly increased CO2 emissions in all three soils (p<0.001), with much of the extra C derived from HTC decomposition. In contrast, PC addition (1% w/w) had almost no impact on deciduous forest soil and actually decreased CO2 emission from the agricultural soil. HTC treatment resulted in increased CH4 emission from all soils but reduced N2O fluxes in the agricultural and spruce forest soils. PC amendment had no significant effect on CH4 emission, and resulted in intermediate levels of N2O emission (between control and HTC treatments). Although both HTC and PC chars were produced from the same feedstock, PC had markedly higher potential for carbon sequestration than HTC. \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Life on Land", "GHGs", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Climate Action", "Laboratory incubation", "Dry and wet pyrolysis", "13. Climate action", "delta C-13", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bio-char", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt85k758t2/qt85k758t2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-18", "title": "Microbial Enzymatic Responses To Drought And To Nitrogen Addition In A Southern California Grassland", "description": "Microbial enzymes play a fundamental role in ecosystem processes and nutrient mineralization. Therefore understanding enzyme responses to anthropogenic environmental change is important for predicting ecosystem function in the future. In a previous study, we used a reciprocal transplant design to examine the direct and indirect effects of drought and nitrogen (N) fertilization on litter decomposition in a southern California grassland. This work showed direct and indirect negative effects of drought on decomposition, and faster decomposition by N-adapted microbial communities in N-fertilized plots than in non-fertilized plots. Here we measured microbial biomass and the activities of nine extracellular enzymes to examine the microbial and enzymatic mechanisms underlying litter decomposition responses to drought and N. We hypothesized that changes in fungal biomass and potential extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) would relate directly to litter decomposition responses. We also predicted that fungal biomass would dominate the microbial community in our semi-arid study site. However, we found that the microbial community was dominated by bacterial biomass, and that bacteria responded negatively to drought treatment. In contrast to patterns in decomposition, fungal biomass and most potential EEA increased in direct response to drought treatment. Potential EEA was also decoupled from the decomposition response to N treatment. These results suggest that drought and N alter the efficiencies of EEA, defined as the mass of target substrate lost per unit potential EEA. Enzyme efficiencies declined with drought treatment, possibly because reduced water availability increased enzyme immobilization and reduced diffusion rates. In the N experiment, the efficiencies of \u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-xylosidase, and polyphenol oxidase were greater when microbes were transplanted into environments from which they originated. This increase in enzymatic efficiency suggests that microbial enzymes may adapt to their local environment. Overall, our results indicate that drought and N addition may have predictable impacts on the efficiencies of extracellular enzymes, providing a means of linking enzyme potentials with in-situ activities.", "keywords": ["Bacteria", "Drought", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Fungi", "Litter decomposition", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Precipitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Enzyme efficiency", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Affordable and Clean Energy", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Glucosidase", "Oxidase", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt8fw4q1cf/qt8fw4q1cf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-28", "title": "Nitrogen Addition Stimulates Different Components Of Soil Respiration In A Subtropical Bamboo Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract   Soil respiration is an important carbon (C) flux of global C cycle, and greatly affected by nitrogen (N) addition in the form of deposition or fertilization. However, the effects of N addition on the different components of soil respiration are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate how the components of soil respiration response to N addition and the potential mechanisms in a subtropical bamboo ecosystem. Four N treatment levels (0, 50, 150, 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121) were applied monthly in a Pleioblastus amarus bamboo plantation since November 2007. Total soil respiration (RST) and soil respiration derived from litter layer (RSL), root-free soil (RSS), and plant roots (RSR) were measured for one year (February 2010 to January 2011). The results showed that the mean rate of RST was 428\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121, and RSL, RSS, RSR contributed (30.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7)%, (20.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9)%, and (49.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7)%, respectively. The temperature coefficients (Q10) of RST, RSL, RSS, and RSR were 2.87, 2.28, 3.09, and 3.19, respectively, in control plots. Nitrogen additions significantly increased RST and its three components. RSR was stimulated by N additions through increasing fine root biomass and root metabolic rate. The positive effects of N additions on soil fertility, microbial activity, and the quality and amount of aboveground litterfall also stimulated other CO2 production processes. In the background of increased N input, response of RST and components of RST are\u00a0primarily due to the positive response of plant growth in this bamboo ecosystem.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jian Zhang, Li-hua Tu, Xian-wei Li, Ting-xing Hu, Hongling Hu, Yin-long Xiao, Li Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-15", "title": "Impact Of Biochar Addition To Soil On Greenhouse Gas Emissions Following Pig Manure Application", "description": "The application of biochar produced from wood and crop residues, such as sawdust, straw, sugar bagasse and rice hulls, to highly weathered soils under tropical conditions has been shown to influence soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there is a lack of data concerning GHG emissions from soils amended with biochar derived from manure, and from soils outside tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect on emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) following the addition, at a rate of 18\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, of two different types of biochar to an Irish tillage soil. A soil column experiment was designed to compare three treatments (n\u00a0=\u00a08): (1) non-amended soil (2) soil mixed with biochar derived from the separated solid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure and (3) soil mixed with biochar derived from Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis). The soil columns were incubated at 10\u00a0\u00b0C and 75% relative humidity, and leached with 80\u00a0mL distilled water, twice per week. Following 10 weeks of incubation, pig manure, equivalent to 170\u00a0kg\u00a0nitrogen\u00a0ha\u22121 and 36\u00a0kg\u00a0phosphorus\u00a0ha\u22121, was applied to half of the columns in each treatment (n\u00a0=\u00a04). Gaseous emissions were analysed for 28 days following manure application. Biochar addition to the soil increased N2O emissions in the pig manure-amended column, most likely as a result of increased denitrification caused by higher water filled pore space and organic carbon (C) contents. Biochar addition to soil also increased CO2 emissions. This was caused by increased rates of C mineralisation in these columns, either due to mineralisation of the labile C added with the biochar, or through increased mineralisation of the soil organic matter.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-28", "title": "Reduction In Snow Depth Negatively Affects Decomposers But Impact On Decomposition Rates Is Substrate Dependent", "description": "Decomposition of organic matter in high latitude biomes makes a significant contribution to global fluxes of nutrients and carbon and is expected to accelerate due to climate change. The majority of studies have focused on decomposition during the growing season, but winter climate is expected to change dramatically. Furthermore, knowledge of the drivers of organic matter decomposition, such as litter chemical composition, has primarily been tested across the growing season so it is unknown whether these drivers are also important during the winter. Given that the depth of snow cover insulates the sub-nivean climate from the much colder air, it is an important control on winter decomposition and is expected to be influenced by climate change, we experimentally manipulated snow cover to simulate impacts of different winter precipitation scenarios on soil processes. Our results show that despite snow reduction negatively affecting decomposer abundance (by 99%) and bulk soil respiration (by 47%), litter decomposition rates showed little to no response. Furthermore, variation in winter decomposition rates among litter types was unrelated to nutrient status, indicating that our current understanding of drivers of litter decomposition may not hold during winter months. Despite very large reductions in decomposer fauna due to snow removal, litter decomposition rates were not consistently responsive, indicative of decoupled responses of soil organisms and soil processes to winter climate change. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (Less)", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Winter", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "Snow", "Litter", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Collembola", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mass loss", "Acari"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-25", "title": "Tropical Agricultural Land Management Influences On Soil Microbial Communities Through Its Effect On Soil Organic Carbon", "description": "Abstract   We analyzed the microbial community that developed after 4 years of testing different soil-crop management systems in the savannah\u2013forest transition zone of Eastern Ghana where management systems can rapidly alter stored soil carbon as well as soil fertility. The agricultural managements were: (i) the local practice of fallow regrowth of native elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) followed by biomass burning before planting maize in the spring, (ii) the same practice but without burning and the maize receiving mineral nitrogen fertilizer, (iii) a winter crop of a legume, pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan ), followed by maize, (iv) vegetation free winter period (bare fallow) followed by maize, and (v) unmanaged elephant grass-shrub vegetation. The mean soil organic carbon (SOC) contents of the soils after 4 years were: 1.29, 1.67, 1.54, 0.80 and 1.34%, respectively, differences that should affect resources for the microbial community.  From about 290,000 sequences obtained by pyrosequencing the SSU rRNA gene, canonical correspondence analysis showed that SOC was the most important factor that explained differences in microbial community structure among treatments. This analysis as well as phylogenetic ecological network construction indicated that members of the  Acidobacteria  GP4 and GP6 were more abundant in soils with relatively high SOC whereas  Acidobacteria  GP1, GP7, and  Actinobacteria  were more prevalent in soil with lower SOC. Burning of winter fallow vegetation led to an increase in Bacillales, especially those belonging to spore-forming genera. Of the managements, pigeon-pea cultivation during the winter period promoted a higher microbial diversity and also sequestered more SOC, presumably improving soil structure, fertility, and resiliency.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bacillales", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Life on Land", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "SSU rRNA genes", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil organic carbon loss", "Acidobacteria", "Pigeon-pea winter-period cultivation", "13. Climate action", "Microbial community", "Zero Hunger", "Environmental Sciences", "Tropical agricultural practices"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2f60c133/qt2f60c133.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-01", "title": "Soil Microbial Properties And Temporal Stability In Degraded And Restored Lands Of Northeast Brazil", "description": "Human activities, such as land use change, cause severe land degradation in many ecosystems around the globe with potential impacts on soil processes. Restoration practices aim at reverting such impacts and reconstituting the biotic composition and functioning of an ecosystem to its initial condition. The aim of this study was to monitor soil microbial properties in degraded lands in Northeast Brazil and to compare those with land under restoration. Soil samplings were conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 in two different seasons (wet and dry season) at sites differing in degradation status: native vegetation (NAT), moderately degraded land (MDL), highly degraded land (HDL), and land under restoration for four years (RES). Soil microbial properties showed pronounced fluctuations between seasons with higher levels of functioning in the wet than in the dry season. Soil microbial biomass and enzymes had significantly higher values under native vegetation than in degraded land, while restored land mostly corresponded to native vegetation. Soil microbial biomass, respiratory quotient and enzyme activities were more strongly affected by land degradation than soil chemical properties. Soil microbial properties varied more between seasons and years in highly degraded land than under native vegetation suggesting a buffering effect of the native vegetation on soil microbial processes. However, land degradation effects on soil microbial properties were significant in both seasons. Moreover, our results indicate that the land restoration practice applied here shifted soil microbial community composition as indicated by soil microbial stoichiometry. Our results indicate that land degradation strongly deteriorates soil microbial properties and their stability in time, but that land restoration practices likely are successful in promoting the recovery of some soil microbial functions, even after only four years. However, shifts in soil microbial community composition in restored lands may have significant feedback effects on element cycles.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-08", "title": "Aggregate Formation And Carbon Sequestration By Earthworms In Soil From A Temperate Forest Exposed To Elevated Atmospheric Co2: A Microcosm Experiment", "description": "Abstract   The role of soils in mitigating increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels is uncertain, in part for the complex biotic and abiotic interactions determining soil carbon change. Earthworms, in particular, interact with the physical and chemical protection mechanisms of organic matter, major determinants of carbon storage capacity of soils. Studies of a  Liquidambar styraciflua  forest plantation located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which was exposed to elevated CO 2  using free air CO 2  enrichment (FACE), show that a key mechanism facilitating soil carbon gain was the protection from rapid decomposition afforded by soil aggregates. To evaluate the effects of site earthworms with different feeding behaviors on soil aggregate formation and the sources of organic matter stabilizing these aggregates, we conducted a 26-day laboratory incubation experiment using plant and soil materials with differential dual isotopic compositions obtained from different CO 2  and  15 N-labeling treatments at the ORNL-FACE site. We used crushed and sieved ( 13 C\u00a0=\u00a0\u221225.5\u2030; \u03b4 15 N\u00a0=\u00a05.1\u2030) to create four treatments: (I) soil only; (II) soil and plant material; (III) soil, plant material, and the native, endogeic earthworm  Diplocardia  sp.; (IV) soil, plant material, and the European, epi-endogeic earthworm  Lumbricus rubellus . Added plant materials consisted of both sweetgum ( L. styraciflua ) leaf (\u03b4 13 C\u00a0=\u00a0\u221234.2\u2030; \u03b4 15 N\u00a0=\u00a04755.4\u2030) and root (\u03b4 13 C\u00a0=\u00a0\u221238.7\u2030; \u03b4 15 N\u00a0=\u00a044.7\u2030) litter. Overall, earthworms increased the mass of newly formed soil macroaggregates >250\u00a0\u03bcm ( p  L.\u00a0rubellus . Hence, the source of carbon within macroaggregates paralleled earthworm feeding ecologies, with endogeic earthworms ( Diplocardia  sp.) feeding mostly on soil organic matter and epi-endogeic earthworms ( L.\u00a0rubellus ) feeding on both plant residues and soil organic matter. Our results suggest that earthworms at the ORNL-FACE site directly contribute to the formation of soil aggregates and, could be an important factor contributing to the soil stabilization of increased recent carbon inputs resulting from atmospheric CO 2  enrichment at this site.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-26", "title": "Bacterial Composition Of Soils In Ponderosa Pine And Mixed Conifer Forests Exposed To Different Wildfire Burn Severity", "description": "Abstract   Soil microbial communities influence the rate and trajectory of ecosystem recovery after wildfire, but how their composition varies with burn severity in different vegetation types is largely unknown. This study utilized high throughput amplicon sequencing of a bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragment to determine the bacterial community composition in soils that were unburned, moderately burned (\u201clow burn\u201d) and severely burned (\u201chigh burn\u201d) in ponderosa pine (\u2018P\u2019) and mixed conifer (\u2018M\u2019) forests, three months after the Las Conchas fire (New Mexico, USA; July 2011). Community composition was distinct in unburned M and P soils, but it was similar in high burn soils, despite differences in initial and post-burn M and P soil parameters (i.e. pH, moisture, organic matter, carbon and nitrogen content), which are known to correlate with shifts in bacterial community composition. Richness tended to be lower in the high burn M soils relative to unburned M soils, while it was similar across all P soils. Collectively, our findings indicate that high burn severity may result in bacterial communities shifting to similar compositions within a few months post-fire, even if the initial communities, as well as initial and post-burn soil physical and chemical properties are distinct.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-06", "title": "Nitrite Intensity Explains N Management Effects On N2o Emissions In Maize", "description": "Abstract   It is typically assumed that the dependence of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions on soil nitrogen (N) availability is best quantified in terms of ammonium      (    NH  4  +    )      and/or nitrate      (    NO  3  \u2212    )      concentrations. In contrast, nitrite      (    NO  2  \u2212    )      is seldom measured separately from      NO  3  \u2212      despite its role as a central substrate in N2O production. We examined the effects of three N fertilizer sources and two placement methods on N2O and N dynamics in maize over two growing seasons. Cumulative N2O emissions were well-correlated with      NO  2  \u2212      intensity (NO2I) but not with      NO  3  \u2212      (NO3I) or      NH  4  +      (NH4I) intensity. By itself, NO2I explained more than 44% of the overall variance in N2O. Treatment effects on N2O and NO2I were similar. When conventional urea (U) was applied using mid-row banding (MRB), both N2O and NO2I increased by a factor of about 2 compared to broadcast/incorporated (BI). When polymer-coated urea (PCU) was the N source, MRB placement increased both N2O and NO2I compared to BI only in the wetter of the two years. When urea with microbial inhibitors (IU) was the N source, N2O and NO2I were lowest across both years and were less affected by placement than U or PCU. A 50/50 mix of IU and U reduced N2O and NO2I compared to U alone, suggesting that a mixed N source may provide an economical N2O mitigation strategy. Our results show that practices which reduce      NO  2  \u2212      accumulation have the potential to also reduce N2O emissions, and that separate consideration of      NO  3  \u2212      and      NO  2  \u2212      dynamics can provide more insight than their combined dynamics as typically quantified.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-30", "title": "Effects Of Grazing On N2o Production Potential And Abundance Of Nitrifying And Denitrifying Microbial Communities In Meadow-Steppe Grassland In Northern China", "description": "Abstract   Purpose  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cattle grazing on the nitrous oxide (N2O) production potential from meadow-steppe grassland soil in northern China, and the relationship between cattle grazing and the abundance of different functional microbial genes for potential of N2O emissions.    Materials and methods  We collected soil samples at a depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm over six times during two plant growing seasons in 2011 and 2012 on a native Leymus chinensis grassland. At each of the six sampling occasions, soil samples were taken from three pairs of the cattle grazed vs. ungrazed plots. We then determined (1) the soil moisture, pH, total carbon and nitrogen, and mineral N (NH4+ and NO3\u2212) content, (2) the potential rates of N2O production from nitrification (     N    N  2   O      ) and from denitrification (     D    N  2   O       and      D    N  2       ) using the acetylene inhibition method, and (3) the abundance of the amoA (ammonia monooxygenase) gene of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), the narG (nitrate reductase) gene and nosZ (nitrous oxide reductase) gene using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The relationship among the changes in the N2O production potential rates, the abundance of microbial functional groups and the soil environment was analyzed using mix effects modeling and structural equation modeling.    Results and discussion  The AOA, AOB, narG, nosZ genes and the potential N2O production rate all varied significantly with the season (P\u00a0     N    N  2   O       and      D    N  2   O      .  Approximately 80% of the variation in      N    N  2   O       could be explained by the abundance of AOA and AOB genes (P\u00a0     D    N  2        (P\u00a0     D    N  2   O      +N2), but not the      D    N  2   O      . Soil moisture was the best predictor for      D    N  2   O      .    Conclusions  The abundance of amoA and narG genes are good indicators for the potential nitrification and denitrification rates in the meadow steppe grassland. Soil moisture is the most important factor controlling the N2O emission potential in the meadow-steppe grassland. The grassland soils protected from animal grazing or that under a moderate grazing for five years did not show a significant difference in potential N2O emissions. Our results suggest that grazing induced grassland degradation may not necessarily be associated with a reduction in N2O emissions as reported in other semiarid grasslands in a more arid environment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.12.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-08", "title": "Effect Of Different Biochar And Fertilizer Types On N2o And No Emissions", "description": "Abstract   The use of biochar as soil improver and climate change mitigation strategy has gained much attention, although at present the effects of biochar on soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions are not completely understood. The objective of our incubation study was to investigate biochar's effect on N2O and NO emissions from an agricultural Luvisol upon fertilizer (urea, NH4Cl or KNO3) application. Seven biochar types were used, which were produced from four different feedstocks pyrolyzed at various temperatures. At the end of the experiment, after 14 days of incubation, soil nitrate concentrations were decreased upon biochar addition in all fertilizer treatments by 6\u201316%. Biochar application decreased both cumulative N2O (52\u201384%) and NO (47\u201367%) emissions compared to a corresponding treatment without biochar after urea and nitrate fertilizer application, and only NO emissions after ammonium application. N2O emissions were more decreased at high compared to low pyrolysis temperature.  Several hypotheses for our observations exist, which were assessed against current literature and discussed thoroughly. In our study, the decreased N2O and NO emissions are expected to be mediated by multiple interacting phenomena such as stimulated NH3 volatilization, microbial N immobilization, non-electrostatic sorption of NH4+ and NO3\u2212, and biochar pH effects.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.12.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.12.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.12.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.12.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-12", "title": "Medium-Term Effects Of Corn Biochar Addition On Soil Biota Activities And Functions In A Temperate Soil Cropped To Corn", "description": "Biochar addition to soil has been generally associated with crop yield increases observed in some soils, and increased nutrient availability is one of the mechanisms proposed. Any impact of biochar on soil organisms can potentially translate to changes in nutrient availability and crop productivity, possibly explaining some of the beneficial and detrimental yield effects reported in literature. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the medium-term impact of biochar addition on microbial and faunal activities in a temperate soil cropped to corn and the consequences for their main functions, litter decomposition and mineralization. Biochar was added to a corn field at rates of 0, 3, 12, 30 tons ha \ufffd 1 three years prior to this study, in comparison to an annual application of 1 t ha \ufffd 1 . Biochar application increased microbial abundance, which nearly doubled at the highest addition rate, while mesofauna activity, and litter decomposition facilitated by mesofauna were not increased signif- icantly but were positively influenced by biochar addition when these responses were modeled, and in the last case directly and positively associated to the higher microbial abundance. In addition, in short- term laboratory experiments after the addition of litter, biochar presence increased NO2 \u00fe NO3 miner- alization, and decreased that of SO4 and Cl. However, those nutrient effects were not shown to be of concern at the field scale, where only some significant increases in SOC, pH, Cl and PO4 were observed. Therefore, no negative impacts in the soil biota activities and functions assessed were observed for the tested alkaline biochar after three years of the application, although this trend needs to be verified for other soil and biochar types.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-18", "title": "Response Of Organic Carbon Mineralization And Microbial Community To Leaf Litter And Nutrient Additions In Subtropical Forest Soils", "description": "Abstract   Microorganisms are vital in soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. The deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as well as leaf-litter addition, may affect SOC mineralization and microbial community structure by changing the availability of soil nutrients and carbon (C). In this study, we added leaf-litters labeled by 13C (Pinus massoniana and Michelia macclurei) and nutrients (ammonium chloride and monopotassium phosphate) alone and in combination to soils collected from a coniferous forest in subtropical China. We aimed to investigate the effect of leaf-litter and nutrient addition on SOC mineralization and soil microbial community. CO2 production was continuously measured during 120-day laboratory incubation, and CO2 sources were partitioned using 13C isotopic techniques. The addition of P.\u00a0massoniana and M.\u00a0macclurei leaf-litters increased SOC mineralization by 7.4% and 22.4%, respectively. N and P addition alone decreased soil respiration by 6.6% and 7.1%, respectively. Compared with P addition, N addition exerted a higher inhibitory effect on SOC mineralization induced by leaf-litter addition. Leaf-litter addition stimulated soil microbial activity and decreased the ratio of bacteria to fungi as a result of greater promotion on fungal growth. Moreover, 16:0 and 18:1\u03c99c phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) had greater amount of 13C incorporation than other PLFAs, especially in nutrient-addition treatments. These results suggested that increased C input through leaf litter can stimulate SOC mineralization, whereas atmospheric N and P deposition can reduce this stimulatory effect and promote soil C storage in subtropical forests. Our results also illustrated that the use of 13C-labeled leaf litter coupled with 13C-PLFA profiling is a powerful tool for determining the microbial utilization of C.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jiabing Wu, Qingkui Wang, Tongxin He, Silong Wang, Li Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-18", "title": "Productivity Affects The Density-Body Mass Relationship Of Soil Fauna Communities", "description": "The productivity of ecosystems and their disturbance regime affect the structure of animal communities. However, it is not clear which trophic levels benefit the most from higher productivity or are the most impacted by disturbance. The density-body mass (DBM) relationship has been shown to reflect changes in the structure of communities subjected to environmental modifications, so far, mainly in aquatic systems. We tested how different seawater inundation frequencies and cattle grazing, which both disturbed and impacted the productivity of a terrestrial system, a salt marsh, affected the size structure of soil fauna communities, expressed by their DBM relationship. We hypothesized that either: (1) all the trophic levels of soil fauna would benefit from higher productivity (i.e., amount of litter mass), reflected by a higher Y-intercept of the DBM relationship; (2) only smaller animals would benefit, reflected by a lower slope of the relationship; (3) or only larger animals would benefit, reflected by a higher slope of the relationship. We collected a large range of soil fauna from different elevation levels in grazed and ungrazed areas, thence subjected to different levels of productivity, represented by litter mass, with the most inundated and grazed area as the least productive one. Considering that pore size must be smaller in inundated and grazed areas, productivity seemed to be a greater factor influencing species distribution than soil structure. We found slopes lower than-0.75, showing that large animals dominated the community. However, a difference between the DBM relationships of the most and least frequently inundated ungrazed sites indicated that higher productivity benefited the smaller animals. Our findings show that high productivity does not equally affect the different trophic levels of this soil fauna community, suggesting inefficient transfers of energy from one trophic level to another, as smaller species benefitted more from higher productivity. \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd.", "keywords": ["population-density", "0106 biological sciences", "abundance", "plant-species richness", "rain-forest", "size relationships", "energetic equivalence rule", "intermediate disturbance hypothesis", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "forest mull", "salt-marsh", "13. Climate action", "food webs", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-23", "title": "Alterations In Forest Detritus Inputs Influence Soil Carbon Concentration And Soil Respiration In A Central-European Deciduous Forest", "description": "Abstract   In a Quercetum petraeae\u2013cerris forest in northeastern Hungary, we examined effects of litter input alterations on the quantity and quality soil carbon stocks and soil CO2 emissions. Treatments at the Sikf\u0151kut DIRT (Detritus Input and Removal Treatments) experimental site include adding (by doubling) of either leaf litter (DL) or wood (DW) (including branches, twigs, bark), and removing all aboveground litter (NL), all root inputs by trenching (NR), or removing all litter inputs (NI). Within 4 years we saw a significant decrease in soil carbon (C) concentrations in the upper 15\u00a0cm for root exclusion plots. Decreases in C for the litter exclusion treatments appeared later, and were smaller than declines in root exclusion plots, highlighting the role of root detritus in the formation of soil organic matter in this forest. By year 8 of the experiment, surface soil C concentrations were lower than Control plots by 32% in NI, 23% in NR and 19% in NL. Increases in soil C in litter addition treatments were less than C losses from litter exclusion treatments, with surface C increasing by 12% in DL and 6% in DW. Detritus additions and removals had significant effects on soil microclimate, with decreases in seasonal variations in soil temperature (between summer and winter) in Double Litter plots but enhanced seasonal variation in detritus exclusion plots. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were most influenced by detritus input quantity and soil organic matter concentration when soils were warm and moist. Clearly changes in detritus inputs from altered forest productivity, as well as altered litter impacts on soil microclimate, must be included in models of soil carbon fluxes and pools with expected future changes in climate.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-11", "title": "Increased Decomposer Diversity Accelerates And Potentially Stabilises Litter Decomposition", "description": "Little is known about the effect of decomposer diversity on litter decomposition in alpine areas. Especially under the premise that alpine ecosystems are very sensitive to global change and are currently undergoing extensive land-use changes, a better understanding is needed to predict how environmental change will affect litter decomposition. A mesocosm experiment was conducted to compare the effects of the most common and functionally diverse invertebrates (earthworms, millipedes and sciarid larvae) found in alpine soils on decomposition rates and to assess how decomposer diversity affects litter decomposition. Experimental and estimated (i.e. projected to field decomposer-biomass) litter mass loss was 13-33% higher in the three-species treatment. Notably, the variability in decomposition was greatly reduced when decomposer diversity was high, indicating a portfolio effect. Our results suggest that invertebrate decomposer diversity is essential for sustaining litter decomposition in alpine areas and for the stability of this service.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Sciaridae", "Short Communication", "Soil Science", "Lumbricus rubellus", "Mesocosm", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Alpine", "16. Peace & justice", "Microbiology", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Cylindroiulus fulviceps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-17", "title": "Effects Of Freeze-Thaw Cycles Resulting From Winter Climate Change On Soil Nitrogen Cycling In Ten Temperate Forest Ecosystems Throughout The Japanese Archipelago", "description": "In temperate forest ecosystems, accelerated freeze\u2013thaw cycles caused by winter climate change are expected to affect nitrogen (N) cycling in soils. Net N mineralization and nitrification rates were investigated via incubations of sieved soils transplanted from ten temperate forest ecosystems to two northern Japan sites with natural snowfall gradients. This was done to address: 1) how freeze\u2013thaw cycles affect N mineralization and nitrification in temperate forest soils; 2) whether freeze\u2013thaw cycles change the soil N transformation rates in the following growing season; and 3) which soil characteristics affect the response of the N transformation rates to freeze\u2013thaw cycles. The effect of freeze\u2013thaw cycles on inorganic N and dissolved organic carbon productions differed among soils, that is, some soils produced more inorganic N and dissolved organic carbon in the conditions imposed by freeze thaw cycles than in the non-frozen treatment but the others did not. The response to the freeze\u2013thaw cycles was explained by soil microbial activity (gross N mineralization and nitrification rate) and soil fertility (inorganic N pools in the early spring and water soluble ions). Freeze\u2013thaw cycles significantly increased N transformation rates in the following growing season, suggesting that winter climate change might also affect nutrient availability for vegetation and soil microbes in the growing season. The magnitude and frequency of freeze\u2013thaw cycles were considered to be important indicators of N transformation rates during the growing season, suggesting that the higher intensity of freeze\u2013thaw cycles in the original locations of soils changed the microbial communities and functions with high tolerance to freeze\u2013thaw cycles; this resulted in greater N transformation rates in the following growing season. Microbial activity, soil fertility and climate patterns in the original locations of soils are believed to have an effect on the response to winter climate change and to cause large variability of soil response of N transformation rates to freeze\u2013thaw cycles in both the dormant and growing seasons.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-22", "title": "Effects Of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition On Soil Respiration Components And Their Temperature Sensitivities In A Semiarid Grassland", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen (N) deposition to semiarid ecosystems is increasing globally, yet few studies have investigated the ecological consequences of N enrichment in these ecosystems. Furthermore, soil CO 2  flux \u2013 including plant root and microbial respiration \u2013 is a key feedback to ecosystem carbon (C) cycling that links ecosystem processes to climate, yet few studies have investigated the effects of N enrichment on belowground processes in water-limited ecosystems. In this study, we conducted two-level N addition experiments to investigate the effects of N enrichment on microbial and root respiration in a grassland ecosystem on the Loess Plateau in northwestern China. Two years of high N additions (9.2\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0y \u22121 ) significantly increased soil CO 2  flux, including both microbial and root respiration, particularly during the warm growing season. Low N additions (2.3\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0y \u22121 ) increased microbial respiration during the growing season only, but had no significant effects on root respiration. The annual temperature coefficients (Q 10 ) of soil respiration and microbial respiration ranged from 1.86 to 3.00 and 1.86 to 2.72 respectively, and there was a significant decrease in Q 10  between the control and the N treatments during the non-growing season but no difference was found during the growing season. Following nitrogen additions, elevated rates of root respiration were significantly and positively related to root N concentrations and biomass, while elevated rates of microbial respiration were related to soil microbial biomass C (SMBC). The microbial respiration tended to respond more sensitively to N addition, while the root respiration did not have similar response. The different mechanisms of N addition impacts on soil respiration and its components and their sensitivity to temperature identified in this study may facilitate the simulation and prediction of C cycling and storage in semiarid grasslands under future scenarios of global change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-15", "title": "Biochar Suppressed The Decomposition Of Organic Carbon In A Cultivated Sandy Loam Soil: A Negative Priming Effect", "description": "Conversion of plant residues to biochar is an attractive strategy for mitigation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and enhancement of carbon (C) storage in soil. However, the effect of biochar application on the decomposition of soil organic C (SOC) as well as its mechanisms is not well understood in the sandy loam soil of North China Plain. We investigated how biochar affected the decomposition of native SOC, using stable \u03b413C isotope analyses by applying biochar produced from corn straw (a C4 plant, \u03b413C\u00a0=\u00a0\u221211.9\u2030) to a sandy loam soil (\u03b413C of SOC\u00a0=\u00a0\u221224.5\u2030) under a long-term C3 crop rotation. The incubation experiment included four treatments: no amendment (Control), biochar amendment (BC, 0.5% of soil mass), inorganic nitrogen (N) amendment (IN, 100\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg\u22121) and combined biochar and N amendments (BN). Compared with Control, N amendment significantly (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) increased total soil CO2 emission, even when combined with biochar amendment. In contrast, biochar alone amendment did not affect total soil CO2 emission significantly. However biochar, even when combined with N amendment, significantly (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) reduced CO2 emission from native SOC by 64.9\u201368.8%, indicating that biochar inhibited the decomposition of native SOC and the stimulation effect of inorganic N on native SOC degradation, a negative priming effect. N addition immediately stimulated the growth of microorganisms and altered microbial community structure by increasing Gram-positive bacteria compared to Control as measured by phospholipid fatty acid. Biochar amendment did not alter microbial biomass during the 720-h incubation period except at 168 and 720\u00a0h, but significantly (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) lowered dissolved organic C (DOC) content in soil, primarily due to sorption of DOC by the biochar. Our study suggested that biochar application could effectively reduce the decomposition of native organic C and a potential effective measure for C sequestration in the test soil of the North China Plain.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "negative priming effect", "phospholipid fatty acids", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic carbon", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "adsorption", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-29", "title": "Soil Fluxes Of Methane, Nitrous Oxide, And Nitric Oxide From Aggrading Forests In Coastal Oregon", "description": "Abstract   Soil exchanges of greenhouse and other gases are poorly known for Pacific Northwest forests where gradients in nutrient availability and soil moisture may contribute to large variations in fluxes. Here we report fluxes of methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and nitric oxide (NO) over multiple seasons from three naturally N-rich, aggrading forests of coastal Oregon, USA. Mean methane uptake rates (3.2\u00a0mg\u00a0CH 4 \u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0d \u22121 ) were high compared with forests globally, negatively related to water-filled pore space (WFPS), but unrelated to N availability or temperature. Emissions of NO (6.0\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0NO\u2013N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 ) exceeded N 2 O (1.4\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N 2 O\u2013N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 ), except when WFPS surpassed 55%. Spatial variation in NO fluxes correlated positively with soil nitrate concentrations (which generally exceeded ammonium concentrations, indicating the overall high N status for the sites) and negatively with soil pH, and at one site increased with basal area of N 2 -fixing red alder. Combined NO and N 2 O emissions were greatest from the site with highest annual net N mineralization and lowest needle litterfall C/N. Our findings of high CH 4  uptake and NO/N 2 O ratios generally >1 most likely reflect the high porosity of the andic soils underlying the widespread regenerating forests in this seasonally wet region.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-06", "title": "Short-Term Response Of Soil Respiration To Nitrogen Fertilization In A Subtropical Evergreen Forest", "description": "Abstract   Little is known about the effects of nitrogen (N) additions on soil respiration (Rs) in tropical and subtropical forests. We therefore conducted an N-fertilization experiment in a subtropical evergreen forest in eastern China to better understand the short-term response of Rs to increased N availability. N additions stimulated Rs compared to control plots, yet the magnitude of the increase depended on the amount of N added, with Rs being greater in the low-N treatment (50\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) than the high-N treatment (100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ). Differences in Rs among treatments correlated with changes in fine root biomass, suggesting increases in Rs reflect those in autotrophic respiration. Our findings challenge the dogma that N fertilization often reduces soil respiration and highlights the need to better understand the effects of low N additions, so as to reliably predict how projected climate change scenarios may affect the cycling of soil carbon (C) in tropical and subtropical forests.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Niles J. Hasselquist, Sari Palmroth, Wenhui You, Qiang Gao, Zemei Zheng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-24", "title": "Effects Of Short-Term And Long-Term Warming On Soil Nutrients, Microbial Biomass And Enzyme Activities In An Alpine Meadow On The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Of China", "description": "Two open-top chambers (OTCs) experiments were conducted to assess the impacts of 2-year and 10-year warming on soil biochemistry in the alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) of China. The soil warming at 0.8-1.1 degrees C above the control in the two experiments did not significantly affect soil pH, bulk density, total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, available phosphorus, NO3-N, microbial biomass C, N, P, and cellulase, catalase, phosphatase activities. NH4-N and soil urease were significantly increased, but soil moisture was significantly reduced from both short and long-term warming. These findings suggested that short and long-term experimental warming might have the similar effects on soil nutrient levels, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the QTP. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xuexia Wang, Shikui Dong, Qingzhu Gao, Huakun Zhou, Shiliang Liu, Xukun Su, Yuanyuan Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-24", "title": "Crop Rotation Complexity Regulates The Decomposition Of High And Low Quality Residues", "description": "While many ecosystem processes depend on biodiversity, the relationships between agricultural plant diversity and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics remains controversial. Our objective was to examine how temporal plant diversity (i.e. crop rotation) influences residue decomposition, a key ecosystem function that regulates nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil organic matter formation. We incubated soils from five long-term crop rotations, located at W.K. Kellogg Biological Station LTER in southwestern Michigan, USA, with and without four chemically diverse crop residues. Increasing crop biodiversity increased soil potentially mineralizable C by 125%, increased hydrolytic enzyme activity by 46%, but decreased oxidative enzyme activity by 20% in soils before residue was added. After residue additions, soils from more diverse cropping systems decomposed all residues more rapidly (0.2e8.3% greater mass loss) compared to monoculture corn. The fast-cycling, \u2018Active C\u2019 pool and microbial biomass N increased with higher cropping diversity, but the differences among rotations in Active C pools was higher for the most recalcitrant residues. Further, the ratio of the cellulose degrading enzyme ( b-glucosidase) to the lignin degrading enzyme (phenol oxidase) was highest in the two most diverse crop rotations regardless of residue additions, providing additional evidence of enhanced microbial activity and substrate acquisition in more diverse rotations. Our study shows that crop diversity over time influences the processing of newly-added residues, microbial dynamics, and nutrient cycling. Diversifying crop rotations has the potential to enhance soil ecosystem functions and is critical to maintaining soil services in agricultural systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen mineralization", "Litter quality", "Carbon mineralization", "Microbial biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Extracellular enzymes", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "Plant biodiversity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-30", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Constrain Labile And Stable Carbon Turnover In Lowland Tropical Forest Soils", "description": "Tropical forests contain a large stock of soil carbon, but the factors that constrain its mineralization remain poorly understood. Microorganisms, when stimulated by the presence of new inputs of labile organic carbon, can mineralize (\u2018prime\u2019) soil organic matter to acquire nutrients. We used stable carbon isotopes to assess how nutrient demand and soil properties constrain mineralization of added labile (sucrose) carbon and pre-existing (primed) soil carbon in tropical forest soils. In a series of lowland tropical forest soils from Panama, we found that the mineralization of fresh labile carbon was accelerated foremost by phosphorus addition, whereas the mineralization of pre-existing soil carbon was constrained foremost by nitrogen addition. However, there was variation in the relative importance of these nutrients in different soils and the largest effects on the acceleration of sucrose metabolism and constraint of priming occurred following the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus together. The respiration responses due to sucrose or primed soil carbon mineralization were reduced at pH below 4.8 and above 6.0. We conclude that in these tropical forest soils, phosphorus availability is more important in promoting microbial mineralization of sucrose carbon, whereas nitrogen availability is more important in constraining the priming of pre-existing soil organic carbon. This response likely arises because nitrogen is more closely coupled to organic matter cycling, whereas phosphorus is abundant in both organic and inorganic forms. These results suggest that the greatest impact of priming on soil carbon stocks will occur in moderately acidic tropical forest soils of low nitrogen availability. Given long-term changes in both atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen deposition, the impact of priming effects on soil carbon in tropical forest soils may be partially constrained by the abundance of nitrogen.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "tropical", "carbon dioxide", "stable isotopes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "carbon isotopes", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "priming effects", "phosphorus", "priming", "microorganisms", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-08", "title": "Seasonal Changes Of Co2, Ch4 And N2o Fluxes In Different Types Of Alpine Grassland In The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract   Grassland degradation and grassland use type changes are associated with dynamics in soil properties and biogeochemical cycling, with implications for carbon and nitrogen cycling and trace gas fluxes. To examine the influence of grassland degradation and grassland use type changes on gases fluxes, emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were measured in three alpine ecosystems (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert) with healthy and degraded grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in May, August and October 2013. The lowest CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes occurred in alpine deserts, and the highest fluxes occurred in alpine steppe. In general, degraded grasslands had relatively higher gas fluxes than healthy grasslands, except for CH4 dynamics. The temporal variation in gas fluxes indicated that CO2 and N2O fluxes were highest in August and lowest in May, while the lowest fluxes of CH4 were in August. Stepwise linear analysis was employed to explore the key factors for different gas fluxes. In alpine meadow and alpine steppe, the variation in CO2 and N2O fluxes in August could be explained by soil temperature and soil water content, while in May and October, soil physical and chemical properties, including soil pH, clay content and         NO   3    -     \u2013N, were the key factors. Soil water content and         NH   4    +     \u2013N contributed to the CH4 fluxes. However, in alpine desert, soil water content was the key factor affecting gas emissions for different experimental sites. These results indicate that the examined alpine grasslands emitted a large amount of gas emissions especially after the grassland had degraded; therefore, more attention should be paid to protecting grassland degradation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-18", "title": "Microbial Community Structure Mediates Response Of Soil C Decomposition To Litter Addition And Warming", "description": "Microbial activity has been highlighted as one of the main unknowns controlling the fate and turnover of  soil organic matter (SOM) in response to climate change. How microbial community structure and  function may (or may not) interact with increasing temperature to impact the fate and turnover of SOM,  in particular when combined with changes in litter chemistry, is not well understood. The primary aim of  this study was to determine if litter chemistry impacted the decomposition of soil and litter-derived  carbon (C), and its interaction with temperature, and whether this response was controlled by microbial  community structure and function. Fresh or pre-incubated eucalyptus leaf litter (13C enriched) was  added to a woodland soil and incubated at 12, 22, or 32 \ufffdC. We tracked the movement of litter and soilderived  C into CO2, water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC), and microbial phospholipids (PLFA). The  litter additions produced significant changes in every parameter measured, while temperature, interacting  with litter chemistry, predominately affected soil C respiration (priming and temperature sensitivity),  microbial community structure, and the metabolic quotient (a proxy for microbial carbon use  efficiency [CUE]). The direction of priming varied with the litter additions (negative with fresh litter,  positive with pre-incubated litter) and was related to differences in the composition of microbial communities  degrading soil-C, particularly gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, resulting from litter  addition. Soil-C decomposition in both litter treatments was more temperature sensitive (higher Q10)  than in the soil-only control, and soil-C priming became increasingly positive with temperature. However,  microbes utilizing soil-C in the litter treatments had higher CUE, suggesting the longer-term stability  of soil-C may be increased at higher temperature with litter addition. Our results show that in the  same soil, the growth of distinct microbial communities can alter the turnover and fate of SOM and, in  the context of global change, its response to temperature.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-17", "title": "Short- And Long-Term Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Microbial Exoenzyme Activity In Mangrove Peat", "description": "Abstract Mangroves receive increasing quantities of nutrients as a result of coastal development, which could lead to significant changes in carbon sequestration and soil subsidence. We hypothesised that mangrove-produced tannins induce a nitrogen (N) limitation on microbial decomposition even when plant growth is limited by phosphorus (P). As a result, increased N influx would lead to a net loss of sequestered carbon negating the ability to compensate for sea level rise in P-limited mangroves. To examine this, we quantified the short- and long-term effects of N and P enrichment on microbial biomass and decomposition-related enzyme activities in a Rhizophora mangle-dominated mangrove, which had been subjected to fertilisation treatments for a period of fifteen years. We compared microbial biomass, elemental stoichiometry and potential enzyme activity in dwarf and fringe-type R. mangle-dominated sites, where primary production is limited by P or N depending on the proximity to open water. Even in P-limited mangroves, microbial activity was N-limited as indicated by stoichiometry and an increase in enzymic activity upon N amendment. Nevertheless, microbial biomass increased upon field additions of P, indicating that the carbon supply played even a larger role. Furthermore, we found that P amendment suppressed phenol oxidase activity, while N amendment did not. The possible differential nutrient limitations of microbial decomposers versus primary producers implies that the direction of the effect of eutrophication on carbon sequestration is nutrient-specific. In addition, this study shows that phenol oxidase activities in this system decrease through P, possibly strengthening the enzymic latch effect of mangrove tannins. Furthermore, it is argued that the often used division between N-harvesting, P-harvesting, and carbon-harvesting exoenzymes needs to be reconsidered.", "keywords": ["Rhizophora", "Decomposition", "Peat", "Differential nutrient limitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial activity", "Microbial elemental stoichiometry", "13. Climate action", "international", "Taverne", "11. Sustainability", "Mangroves", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "SOC", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-30", "title": "Responses Of Enzymatic Activities Within Soil Aggregates To 9-Year Nitrogen And Water Addition In A Semi-Arid Grassland", "description": "Soil microorganisms secrete enzymes used to metabolize carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the organic materials typically found in soil. Because of the connection with the active microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities can be used to investigate microbial nutrient cycling including the microbial response to environmental changes, transformation rates and to address the location of the most active biomass. In a 9-year field study on global change scenarios related to increasing N inputs (ambient to 15 g N m \ufffd 2 yr \ufffd 1 ) and precipitation (ambient to 180 mm yr \ufffd 1 ), we tested the activities of soil bglucosidase (BG), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) and acid phosphomonoesterase (PME) for three soil aggregate classes: large macroaggregates (>2000 mm), small macroaggregates (250e2000 mm) and microaggregates (<250 mm). Results showed higher BG and PME activities in micro-vs. small macroaggregates whereas the highest NAG activity was found in the large macroaggregates. This distribution of enzyme activity suggests a higher contribution of fast-growing microorganisms in the micro-compared with the macroaggregates size fractions. The responses of BG and PME were different from NAG activity under N addition, as BG and PME decreased as much as 47.1% and 36.3%, respectively, while the NAG increased by as much as 80.8%, which could imply better adaption of fungi than bacteria to lower soil pH conditions developed under increased N. Significant increases in BG and PME activities by as much as 103.4 and 75.4%, respectively, were found under water addition. Lower ratio of BG:NAG and higher NAG:PME underlined enhanced microbial N limitation relative to both C and P, suggesting the repression of microbial activity and the accompanied decline in their ability to compete for N with plants and/or the accelerated proliferation of soil fungi under elevated N inputs. We conclude that changes in microbial activities under increased N input and greater water availability in arid- and semi-arid grassland ecosystems where NPP is co-limited by N and water may result in substantial redistribution of microbial activity in different-sized soil particles. This shift will influence the stability of SOM in the soil aggregates and the nutrient limitation of soil biota.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-29", "title": "Biochar Suppresses N2o Emissions While Maintaining N Availability In A Sandy Loam Soil", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soil is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar amendment can contribute to climate change mitigation by suppressing emissions of N2O from soil, although the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of biochar on soil N2O emissions and N cycling processes by quantifying soil N immobilisation, denitrification, nitrification and mineralisation rates using 15N pool dilution techniques and the FLUAZ numerical calculation model. We then examined whether biochar amendment affected N2O emissions and the availability and transformations of N in soils.    Our results show that biochar suppressed cumulative soil N2O production by 91% in near-saturated, fertilised soils. Cumulative denitrification was reduced by 37%, which accounted for 85\u201395 % of soil N2O emissions. We also found that physical/chemical and biological ammonium (NH4+) immobilisation increased with biochar amendment but that nitrate (NO3\u2212) immobilisation decreased. We concluded that this immobilisation was insignificant compared to total soil inorganic N content. In contrast, soil N mineralisation significantly increased by 269% and nitrification by 34% in biochar-amended soil.    These findings demonstrate that biochar amendment did not limit inorganic N availability to nitrifiers and denitrifiers, therefore limitations in soil NH4+ and NO3\u2212 supply cannot explain the suppression of N2O emissions. These results support the concept that biochar application to soil could significantly mitigate agricultural N2O emissions through altering N transformations, and underpin efforts to develop climate-friendly agricultural management techniques.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "denitrification", "mineralisation", "nitrous oxide", "Mineralisation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrate", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "ammonium", "Biochar", "immobilisation", "nitrate", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Denitrification", "Immobilisation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "Ammonium", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-21", "title": "Effects Of Temperature And Processing Conditions On Biochar Chemical Properties And Their Influence On Soil C And N Transformations", "description": "There have been limited studies of how the pyrolysis process and activation conditions affect the chemical properties of biochar and how these properties alter soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformations when used as an amendment. This study compared the chemical properties of biochars produced through slow pyrolysis at 200, 400 and 600\u00a0\u00b0C, in the presence or absence of steam and CO2 activation at 800\u00a0\u00b0C. Quantitative solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis were used to evaluate processing condition effects on biochar chemical properties. Biochars were added at a rate of 0.75% by weight and soils were incubated for 28\u00a0d, during which soil inorganic N and CO2 and N2O emissions were determined. Thereafter, adsorption of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3\u2212)\u2212N were investigated further. While constituents of biochar feedstock were not altered at pyrolysis temperature of 200\u00a0\u00b0C, NMR data showed that biochars produced at 400 and 600\u00a0\u00b0C converted >82% of labile C constituents to aromatic C structures, which increased their recalcitrance. Also the later pyrolysis temperatures increased biochar cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH, however, exposure to steam and CO2 activation decreased their CEC. Compared to unamended soil, amendment with biochar produced at 200\u00a0\u00b0C significantly increased cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions by more than 3 fold, whereas those produced at 400\u00a0\u00b0C had no effect on CO2 emissions but had a similar effect on cumulative N2O emissions. Biochar produced at 600\u00a0\u00b0C had no effect on either CO2 or N2O emissions. In contrast, activation of biochar significantly decreased cumulative CO2 emissions by 18%. Amendment with biochars produced at 400 and 600\u00a0\u00b0C and activated biochars significantly decreased soil inorganic N, which was attributed to their increased adsorptive capacity for NH4+ by 62\u201381%. This study highlights the importance of production conditions for designing biochars for use as amendments to sequester soil C and N, by promoting the formation of stable soil organic matter and by increasing retention of soil inorganic N. From a soil amendment perspective, this study suggests that activation of biochar did not benefit soil C and N transformations.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. P. Voroney, Hongjie Zhang, G.W. Price,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-06", "title": "Community Structure Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Robinia Pseudoacacia In Uncontaminated And Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils", "description": "The significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil remediation has been widely recognized because of their ability to promote plant growth and increase phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal (HM) polluted soils by improving plant nutrient absorption and by influencing the fate of the metals in the plant and soil. However, the symbiotic functions of AMF in remediation of polluted soils depend on plant\u2013fungus\u2013soil combinations and are greatly influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the adaptation of plants and the related mycorrhizae to extreme environmental conditions, AMF colonization, spore density and community structure were analyzed in roots or rhizosphere soils of Robinia pseudoacacia. Mycorrhization was compared between uncontaminated soil and heavy metal contaminated soil from a lead\u2013zinc mining region of northwest China. Samples were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening with AMF-specific primers (NS31 and AM1), and sequencing of rRNA small subunit (SSU). The phylogenetic analysis revealed 28 AMF group types, including six AMF families: Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Pacisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Of all AMF group types, six (21%) were detected based on spore samples alone, four (14%) based on root samples alone, and five (18%) based on samples from root, soil and spore. Glo9 (Rhizophagus intraradices), Glo17 (Funneliformis mosseae) and Acau3 (Acaulospora sp.) were the three most abundant AMF group types in the current study. Soil Pb and Zn concentrations, pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus levels all showed significant correlations with the AMF species compositions in root and soil samples. Overall, the uncontaminated sites had higher species diversity than sites with heavy metal contamination. The study highlights the effects of different soil chemical parameters on AMF colonization, spore density and community structure in contaminated and uncontaminated sites. The tolerant AMF species isolated and identified from this study have potential for application in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Pollution and Contamination", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Environmental interactions", "Soil Science", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "Heavy metal pollution", "Microbiology", "Phytoremediation", "Soil sciences", "Robinia pseudoacacia", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-22", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization Directly Affects Soil Bacterial Diversity And Indirectly Affects Bacterial Community Composition", "description": "Nitrogen (N) deposition influences both above- and below-ground communities and influences ecosystem functioning. However it is not clear about direct or indirect interactions among plants, soils and microbes in response to nitrogen deposition. In this study, the responses of soil bacterial diversity to N enrichment were investigated at surface (0\u201310\u00a0cm) and sub-surface (10\u201320\u00a0cm) soils in a temperate steppe ecosystem. N addition (>120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) resulted in a significant shift in bacterial community composition and a decrease in bacterial OTU richness in surface soil, but the effect on the sub-surface layer was far less pronounced, even at the highest addition rate (240\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). Bacterial OTU richness was significantly correlated with soil and plant characteristics. Hierarchical structural equation modeling showed that soil ammonium availability was responsible for the shift in bacterial richness, whereas the change in bacterial community composition was due to alterations in soil pH and plant composition. These results indicated that N fertilization directly affected soil bacterial richness but indirectly affected bacterial communities through soil acidification and plant community change, indicating distinct controls on soil bacterial diversity and community composition. Our results also suggest that N availability could be a good predictor for the loss of soil bacterial diversity under atmospheric nitrogen deposition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Climat&offset=2550&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Climat&offset=2550&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Climat&offset=2500", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Climat&offset=2600", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8066, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T15:32:45.773318Z"}