{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-26", "title": "Crop Growth And Nitrogen Turnover Under Increased Temperatures And Low Autumn And Winter Light Intensity", "description": "Abstract The rise in mean annual temperatures under the projected climate change will affect both soil organic matter turnover and cropping patterns in agriculture. Nitrogen (N) mineralization may be higher during autumn and winter and may increase the risk of nitrate leaching. Our study tested whether a soil cover of winter wheat or a ryegrass catch crop would be able to take up the extra N mineralized during autumn and winter under the low light conditions in Northern Europe, both at current average temperatures (T0) and at 4\u00a0\u00b0C (T+4) and 8\u00a0\u00b0C (T+8) above average. The crops were grown in pots in growth chambers from mid-September to February. Two sowing times were included for winter wheat, with an early sowing in September representing current practice and a late sowing in October to reflect possible future cropping conditions. Biomass yield and soil inorganic N were determined from replicate pots in November, December and February. Reference pots with bare soil were included. N mineralization clearly increased with higher temperatures with, respectively, 22% and 80% more N mineralized in bare soil at T+4 and T+8 than at T0 after 136 days. The ryegrass catch crop emptied the soil of inorganic N very efficiently during both autumn and winter months at all temperatures. The early-sown wheat crop left negligible amounts of inorganic N in the soil at the last harvest in February at T+4 and T+8, whereas it was unable to take up all mineralized N at T0. The prolonged period without a crop before the late sowing of wheat caused generally higher levels of inorganic N to accumulate in soil. Despite the higher mineralization under the raised temperatures, at T+8 the late-sown winter wheat was able to reduce soil inorganic N to a lower level than late-sown wheat at the two lower temperatures. The results indicate that even at the low light intensity during autumn and winter, accelerated N mineralization caused by raised temperatures can potentially be offset by crop N uptake. However, sowing should take place sufficiently early in the autumn to give the crop time to capture the additional N mineralized during autumn, and this may collide with the projected need for later sowing of winter cereals under a warmer climate.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.08.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-05", "title": "Linking Water Vapor And Co2 Exchange From A Perennial Bioenergy Crop On A Drained Organic Soil In Eastern Finland", "description": "Abstract With the aim of addressing the broader issues of land use, climate change and energy crisis, eddy covariance measurements of energy and CO2 exchange from a bioenergy crop (reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinaceae, L.) cultivated on a drained organic soil (a cutover peatland) in eastern Finland were initiated in the spring of 2004. Based on the climatically diverse dataset from the 2004 to 2010 period, the objectives of the work presented here are to characterize the interannual variability in water vapor exchange and to understand the linkage between energy and CO2 exchange from this perennial crop during two extreme growing seasons. Correcting the measured soil heat flux by accounting for the change in heat storage above the heat flux plates helped close the energy balance at this site. Interannual variability in ecosystem processes of energy and CO2 exchange were attributed primarily to marked differences in the amount and distribution of seasonal precipitation. Differences in the phonological development of the crop during seasons with contrasting climatic conditions were reflected in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) estimated from the radiation instruments installed on the tower. Wet years were characterized by an even distribution of seasonal precipitation, low to moderate air and soil temperatures, lower solar and net radiation intensities (owing to reduced number of bright sunshine hours and therefore, higher amount of diffuse sky radiation), moderate to saturated soil moisture conditions and lower vapor pressure deficit. These climatic conditions resulted in high bulk surface conductance (gs), high evapotranspiration (ET) and low sensible heat flux with a peak seasonal Bowen ratio (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.1). These conditions were favourable for a high uptake of atmospheric CO2. Dry years, on the contrary, were marked by long dry spells during important phases of crop growth, climatic and soil moisture stress leading to high evaporative demand, low gs values, reduced evapotranspiration and high sensible heat flux (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.3\u20130.4). On a seasonal basis, the ET losses during a dry year were 13% lower compared to those during a wet year. The corresponding reduction in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), however, was to the extent of 21%. Owing to the ability of this perennial crop to sequester large amounts of atmospheric carbon into its above- and below-ground biomass, the water use efficiency (defined as the slope of the linear regression of monthly values of GEP against ET) of this cultivation system was found to be 9.1\u00a0g CO2 per kg of H2O lost as ET. The results stemming from this work further support our earlier conclusions that this bioenergy system is a suitable land use option on drained and abandoned cutover peatlands with a high potential for offsetting CO2 load to the atmosphere.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.08.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.08.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.08.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.08.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-08", "title": "Deepened Snow Alters Soil Microbial Nutrient Limitations In Arctic Birch Hummock Tundra", "description": "Abstract Microbial activity in the long arctic cold season is low but cumulatively important. In particular, the size of the microbial biomass and soil solution nutrient pool at the end of winter may control the quantity of nutrients available to plants in the following spring. Microbial starvation and lysis as a result of increasingly severe soluble carbon (C) shortages over winter has been hypothesized as a potential mechanism for microbial nutrient release at thaw. These C shortages may be exacerbated by the warmer temperatures and increased winter precipitation that are consistently predicted for a large part of the low Arctic. In particular, warmer soil temperatures due to deeper snow may increase wintertime microbial activity and organic matter decomposition over the winter, potentially resulting in enhanced nutrient availability to plants in the following growing season. In this study, we investigated nutrient limitations to soil microbial growth and activity in late winter under ambient and experimentally deepened snow (\u223c0.3 and 1\u00a0m respectively) in birch hummock tundra within the Canadian low Arctic. We hypothesized that the build-up of moderately deeper snow over winter would exacerbate soluble C-limitation to microbial growth and activity and increase soluble N accumulation, and thus stimulate the growth of bacteria relative to fungi. We measured the in situ response of the soil microbial biomass and soil soluble pools in control and snow-fenced plots at the end of winter, and then incubated soils from these plots with added C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (at 0\u201315\u00a0\u00b0C) to characterize nutrient limitations to microbial growth and activity. In late winter, deepened snow increased the microbial pool of N, yet decreased soil pools of dissolved organic N and C, and decreased bacterial counts. Fungal mass and hyphal lengths did not change, but remained dominant under both ambient and deepened snow. Deepened snow exacerbated the soluble C-limitation to microbial growth and reduced the P-limitation for microbial respiration. Fungal mass and hyphal length responses to nutrient addition were larger than the bacterial mass or abundance responses and fungi from under deepened snow responded more than those from under ambient snow, indicating a different potential structural and physiological response to substrate availability for these two soil microbial communities. Our results indicate that deeper snow may increase microbial nutrient pools and can alter the physiological functioning of the soil microbial community in late winter, suggesting that microbial N release and its availability to plants during spring thaw may be enhanced.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-14", "title": "The origin of volatile element depletion in early solar system material: Clues from Zn isotopes in chondrules", "description": "Abstract Volatile lithophile elements are depleted in the different planetary materials to various degrees, but the origin of these depletions is still debated. Stable isotopes of moderately volatile elements such as Zn can be used to understand the origin of volatile element depletions. Samples with significant volatile element depletions, including the Moon and terrestrial tektites, display heavy Zn isotope compositions (i.e. enrichment of 66Zn vs. 64Zn), consistent with kinetic Zn isotope fractionation during evaporation. However, Luck et al. (2005) found a negative correlation between \u03b4 66 Zn and 1/[Zn] between CI, CM, CO, and CV chondrites, opposite to what would be expected if evaporation caused the Zn abundance variations among chondrite groups. We have analyzed the Zn isotope composition of multiple samples of the major carbonaceous chondrite classes: CI (1), CM (4), CV (2), CO (4), CB (2), CH (2), CK (4), and CK/CR (1). The bulk chondrites define a negative correlation in a plot of \u03b4 66 Zn vs 1/[Zn], confirming earlier results that Zn abundance variations among carbonaceous chondrites cannot be explained by evaporation. Exceptions are CB and CH chondrites, which display Zn systematics consistent with a collisional formation mechanism that created enrichment in heavy Zn isotopes relative to the trend defined by CI\u2013CK. We further report Zn isotope analyses of chondrite components, including chondrules from Allende (CV3) and Mokoia (CV3), as well as an aliquot of Allende matrix. All chondrules are enriched in light Zn isotopes (\u223c500 ppm on 66Zn/64Zn) relative to the bulk, contrary to what would be expected if Zn were depleted during evaporation, on the other hand the matrix has a complementary heavy isotope composition. We report sequential leaching experiments in un-equilibrated ordinary chondrites, which show sulfides are isotopically heavy compared to silicates and the bulk meteorite by ca. +0.65 per mil on 66Zn/64Zn. We suggest isotopically heavy sulfides were removed from either chondrules or their precursors, thereby producing the light Zn isotope enrichments in chondrules.", "keywords": ["chondrules", "550", "protoplanetary disk", "551", "carbonaceous chondrites", "01 natural sciences", "volatiles", "[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "zinc isotopes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.11.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-06", "title": "Wildfires In Nw Patagonia: Long-Term Effects On A Nothofagus Forest Soil", "description": "In NW Patagonia, Argentina, poor regeneration after fires of Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. and Endl.) Krasser forests located in drier environments has been attributed to probable edaphic changes. We studied the long-term effects of wildfire on the mineralogical, physical, chemical and biological properties of a soil developed from volcanic-ashes under N. pumilio forests. Soils from six small patches burned in January 1996 and of undisturbed forest were sampled at a depth of 0-10 cm in March 1996,1997, 1998 and 2000. As biological soil indicators we assessed N in microbial biomass (N-MB) and potential N mineralization (pNmin). Chemical properties were analyzed for all 4 years in dry samples, N-BM and pNmin in rewetted samples in 1996 and 1997, and in field-moist samples in 1998 (pNmin) and 2000 (N-MB). Additionally, we measured soil moisture twice during the growing seasons of 1998 and 2000 at 0-16 cm, and mineralogical and physical properties once in 1998. The main effects of fire were: (i) a significant increase in pH, electrical conductivity, extractable P and cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and a significant decrease in organic C and total N; 4 years after the fire, C and N were still, respectively, 52 and 20% lower, pH was one unit higher, and electrical conductivity and extractable P were twice as high as in the unburned control; (ii) a considerable decrease in N-MB (>90%), without significant recovery in subsequent years; (iii) an increase of pNmin at the beginning of the incubation period, decreasing afterwards to only 4-44% the levels in the unburned soil; and (iv) a decrease of 31% in field capacity and 56% in soil moisture. No mineralogical changes in the amorphous soil components were observed. Although volcanic soils show a high capacity to stabilize organic matter, buffer pH, retain P and store water, the magnitude of the changes of all soil properties indicated that the intensity of the fire was very high, and might have a powerful effect on seedling emergence and survival. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. (Less)", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Estela Raffaele, Mar\u00eda Julia Mazzarino, Luc\u00eda Roselli, Mar\u0131\u0301a Victoria Alauzis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.11.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.11.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2003.11.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.11.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-24", "title": "Modelling Soil Organic Carbon Turnover In Improved Fallows In Eastern Zambia Using The Rothc-26.3 Model", "description": "Abstract Scarcity of simple and reliable methods of estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and lack of data from long-term experiments make it difficult to estimate attainable soil C sequestration in tropical improved fallows. Testing and validating existing and widely used SOC models would help to determine attainable C storage in fallows. The Rothamsted C (RothC) model, therefore, was tested using empirical data from improved fallows at Msekera in eastern Zambia. This study (i) determined the effects of nitrogen fixing tree (NFT) species on aboveground organic C inputs to the soil and SOC stocks, (ii) estimated annual net organic C inputs to the soil using the RothC, and (iii) tested the performance of RothC model using empirical data from improved fallows. Soil samples (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were collected from coppicing and non-coppicing fallow experiments in October 2002 for determination of SOC by LECO CHN-1000 analyser. Data on surface litter, maize and weed biomasses, and on weather, were supplied by the Zambia/ICRAF Agroforestry Project. Measured SOC stocks to 20\u00a0cm depth ranged from 32.2 to 37.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows and 29.5 to 30.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows compared to 22.2\u201326.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in maize monoculture systems. Coppicing fallows accumulated more SOC (680\u20131150\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121) than non-coppicing fallows (410\u2013789\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121). While treatments with NFTs accumulated more SOC than NFT-free systems, SOC stocks increased with increasing tree biomass production and tree rotation. For food security and C sequestration, coppicing fallows are a potentially viable option. The RothC-26.3 model calculates the effect of annual above- and below-ground plant residue inputs to the soil on total organic C, microbial biomass, and radiocarbon age of the soil over a period ranging from a few years to centuries. As plant residue inputs from roots during plant growth are rarely known, the model is most often run in \u2018inverse\u2019 mode to generate total annual plant residue inputs from known soil, site, and weather data. The model, run in reverse, estimated the annual net organic C inputs required to maintain SOC stocks. Estimates ranged from 2.8 to 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows, 2.2\u20135.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows, and from 1.4 to 2.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in controls. Modelled inputs comprising above- and below-ground organic residues in fallows were 12\u2013104% greater than measured above-ground inputs alone. The model provided a good fit to empirical SOC data in fertilized maize monoculture, and in coppicing and non-coppicing fallows. Modelled inputs for Leucaena, Gliricidia, Senna, Sesbania, and Cajanus closely matched plant C input values estimated in separate studies, suggesting that RothC is giving reasonable simulations of soil C changes under improved fallow conditions in Zambia. However, the DPM/RPM ratio for plant C inputs in fallows was increased from 0.25 to 1.10 to suit their biodegradability characteristics. The RothC model can be used to calculate annual organic C inputs and SOC stocks in improved fallows provided suitable DPM:RPM ratios are used.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-02", "title": "Experimentally determined Si isotope fractionation between zircon and quartz", "description": "Abstract The silicon isotope composition of detrital quartz and zircon have the potential to inform us about secular changes to the silica cycle and weathering reactions on Earth. However, inferring source melt Si isotope composition from out-of-context minerals is hampered by the fact that, to-date, there is limited Si isotope equilibrium fractionation data for minerals. Here, we report experimental data to constrain Si isotope equilibrium fractionation between zircon and quartz, using two fundamentally different strategies, but with the same experimental design. First, zircon and quartz were hydrothermally synthesized from Zr(OH)4 and SiO2 at 1.5\u202fGPa and temperatures of 725, 800, and 900\u202f\u00b0C. The second experimental strategy utilized the three-isotope method; the starting materials consisted of natural zircon and isotopically-labelled SiO2. Three sets of hydrothermal time-series experiments were conducted at the same pressure and temperatures as the direct synthesis experiments. For all experiments, quartz and zircon were separated and 30Si/28Si and 29Si/28Si ratios were measured by solution multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The three-isotope method, which provides the best indicator of equilibrium fractionations, yields the following relationship: \u0394 30 S i ( q t z - z r c ) = ( 0.53 \u00b1 0.14 ) \u00d7 10 6 / T 2 where \u039430Si(qtz-zrc) is the relative difference in 30Si/28Si between quartz and zircon in permil, T is temperature in K, and the error is 2\u202fs.e. This relationship can be used to calculate the fractionation between zircon and other phases, and to estimate the Si isotope composition of the melt from which a zircon crystallized. The results may be used to assess equilibrium-disequilibrium isotope fractionations between quartz and zircon and co-existing phases in igneous rocks. These data can also be applied to out-of-context zircon (and quartz) to estimate the isotope composition of the host rock. Zircons crystallizing from a melt derived from purely igneous sources \u2013 i.e., without the involvement of \u201cweathered\u201d material \u2013 are expected to display a \u03b430SiNBS-28 (permil deviation of the 30Si/28Si from the NBS-28 standard) range from \u22120.7 to \u22120.35\u2030. Deviations from this range indicate assimilation of non-igneous (i.e., sedimentary) material in the melt source.", "keywords": ["Zircon", "GE", "550", "NDAS", "Quartz", "Si isotopes", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Three-istope", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "Igneous", "Three-isotope", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "Fractionation", "GE Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-05", "title": "Reactive-transport modelling of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 passage through water saturated sediment columns", "description": "The reuse of treated wastewater (e.g. for irrigation) is a common practice to combat water scarcity problems world-wide. However, the potential spread of opportunistic pathogens and fecal contaminants like Enterococci within the subsoil could pose serious health hazards. Additional sources (e.g., leaky sewer systems, livestock farming) aggravate this situation. This study contributes to an understanding of pathogen spread in the environment, using a combined modelling and experimental approach. The impact of quartz sediment and certain wastewater characteristics on the dissemination of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 is investigated. The transport processes of advection-dispersion and straining were studied by injecting conservative saline tracer and fluorescent microspheres through sediment packed columns, and evaluating resulting breakthrough curves using models. Similarly, simultaneously occurring reactive processes of microbial attachment, decay, respiration and growth were studied by injecting Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 suspended in water with or without dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients through sediment, and evaluating resulting inlet and outlet concentration curves. The processes of straining, microbial decay and growth, were important when DO was absent. Irreversible attachment was important when DO was present. Sensitivity analysis of each parameter was conducted, and field scale behavior of the processes was predicted, to facilitate future work.", "keywords": ["Physical Phenomena", "13. Climate action", "Enterococcus faecalis", "Water Movements", "0207 environmental engineering", "Water", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Enterococcus", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-30", "title": "Relative Influence Of Wildfire On Soil Properties And Erosion Processes In Different Mediterranean Environments In Ne Spain", "description": "Abandonment of terraced soils and increased brushland cover has increased wildfire occurrence to almost an annual rate in the Cap de Creus Peninsula, NE Pyrenees Range, Province of Girona, Spain. A wildfire occurred in August 2000 and affected an area of 6760 ha of shrubs and cork trees, whereas still cultivated plots were only slightly affected. Five stations of erosion measurements, corresponding to five different environments (from present cultivation to late abandonment) were destroyed by the passage of fire, and were promptly replaced to allow to monitoring post-fire effects on soil erosion. Selected soil properties were determined monthly before the fire and during 6 months after the fire at a monthly rate. Runoff and sediment yield together with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in runoff water and organic carbon losses in eroded sediments (EOC) were evaluated throughout 2000. The last stage of abandonment, stands of cork trees, had the highest soil stability. Nevertheless, evidence of unfavourable soil conditions was detected at the shrub stage, when Cistus monspeliensis cover was the dominant opportunistic plant. This stage was considered to be a critical threshold leading either to degradation or regeneration processes according to fire frequency. A drastic change in soil properties, erosion and nutrient depletion occurred after the fire in all the environments. Statistics enabled to state that environments differed significantly in main soil properties. By statistically comparing the measured variables between the environments before and after the fire, DOC was found to be the soil parameter showing the highest significance between environments. Absolute values of erosion were low with respect to other Mediterranean environments although the shallow nature of these soils might deserve special attention because of a comparatively higher risk of degradation.", "keywords": ["Analysis of Variance", "Rain", "Electric Conductivity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Fires", "Soil", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Pollution", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-22", "title": "A review of threats to groundwater quality in the anthropocene", "description": "Awareness concerning sustainable groundwater consumption under the context of land use and climate change is gaining traction, raising the bar for adequate understanding of the complexities of natural and anthropogenic processes and how they affect groundwater quality. The heterogeneous characteristics of aquifers have hampered comprehensive source, transport and contaminant identification. As questions remain about the behavior and prediction of well-known groundwater contaminants, new concerns around emerging contaminants are on the increase. This review highlights some of the key contaminants that originate from anthropogenic activities, organized based on land use categories namely agricultural, urban and industrial. It further highlights the extensive overlap, in terms of both provenance as well as contaminant type, between the different land use sectors. A selection of case studies from literature that describe the continued concern of established contaminants, as well as new and emerging compounds, are presented to illustrate the many qualitative threats to global groundwater resources. In some cases, the risk of groundwater contamination lacks adequate gravity, while in others the underlying physical and societal processes are not fully understood and activities may commence without adequately considering potential impacts. In the agricultural context, the historic and current application of fertilizers and plant protectants, use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and hormones, strives to safeguard the growing food demands. In the context of a sprawling urban environment, waste, human pharmaceuticals, and urban pesticide outputs are increasing, with adequate runoff and sanitation infrastructure often lagging. Finally, industrial activities are associated with accidental leaks and spills, while the large-scale storage of industrial byproducts has led to legacy contaminants such as those stemming from raw mineral extraction. With this review paper, we aim to underscore the need for transdisciplinary research, along with transboundary communication, using sound science and adaptive policy and management practice in order to procure sustainable groundwater quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-26", "title": "Pyrogenic Carbon Additions To Soil Counteract Positive Priming Of Soil Carbon Mineralization By Plants", "description": "Abstract Important due to both its role in fire-affected ecosystems, and also its proposed intentional production and application for carbon (C) management, pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) is thought to contain very stable forms of C. However, the mechanisms behind its interactions with non-PyOM soil organic C (SOC) remain speculative, with studies often showing short-term positive and then long-term negative \u201cpriming effects\u201d on SOC decomposition after PyOM applications. Furthermore, studies of these interactions to date have been limited to systems that do not include plants. This study describes results from a 12-week greenhouse experiment where PyOM-SOC priming effects with and without plants were investigated using stable isotope partitioning. In addition, we investigated the optimal \u03b413C proxies for sources of SOC, PyOM, and plant-derived CO2 emissions. The two-factorial experiment included the presence or absence of corn plants and of 13C-labelled PyOM. In order to control for pH and nutrient addition effects from PyOM, its pH was adjusted to that of the soil and optimal nutrient and water conditions were provided to the plants. The \u03b413C of PyOM sub-components were significantly different. Significant losses of 0.4% of the applied PyOM-C occurred in the first week. We find evidence for a \u201cnegative priming\u201d effect of PyOM on SOC in the system (SOC losses are 48% lower with PyOM present), which occurred primarily during the first week, indicating it may be due to transient effects driven by easily mineralizable PyOM. Additionally, while the presence of corn plants resulted in significantly increased SOC losses (\u201cpositive priming\u201d), PyOM additions counteract this effect, almost completely eliminating net C losses either by decreasing SOC decomposition or increasing corn C additions to soil. This highlights the importance of including plants in studies of PyOM-SOC interactions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thea Whitman, Akio Enders, Johannes Lehmann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect of fertilization on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems - A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract Soil microorganisms are considered a sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. In cropping systems, soil microorganisms are strongly affected by crop management, including the application of fertilizers. While studies in natural ecosystems have generally found that increased nitrogen (N) inputs decrease microbial biomass, microorganisms in soils under upland crops often benefit from mineral fertilizer input. Paddy rice soils, being flooded for part of the season, are dominated by different carbon (C) and N cycle processes and microbial communities than soils under upland crops. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilizer on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems in a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. Across all studies (n\u00a0=\u00a055), the addition of mineral fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) by 26% in paddy rice soils. Mineral fertilizer applications also increased soil organic carbon content (SOC) by 13%. The higher crop productivity with fertilization likely led to higher organic C inputs, which in turn increased SOC and MBC contents. The time of sampling within a season (pre-plant rice, in-season rice, post-harvest rice, or post-harvest rotational crop) did not significantly affect the response of MBC to mineral fertilizer. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on MBC content did not differ between cropping systems with continuous rice and systems where paddy rice was grown in rotation with other crops. However, compared with upland cropping systems, the increase in the microbial biomass due to mineral fertilizer application is more pronounced in rice cropping systems, even when rice is grown in rotation with an upland crop. Differences in climate and soil oxygen availability likely explain the stronger response of soil microorganisms to mineral fertilizer input in paddy rice systems. Our analysis suggests that fertilization does not consistently select for specific microbial groups (e.g. gram positive or negative bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) in paddy rice systems; however, it affects microbial community composition through changes in soil properties. How specific groups of microorganisms respond to mineral fertilization likely depends on environmental factors. Overall, our results suggest that in paddy rice systems the application of inorganic fertilizers increases SOC and MBC contents, both of which are important indicators of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bruce A. Linquist, Patricia Lazicki, Daniel Geisseler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization And Cropping Systems Effects On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Pools Under Chisel-Plow Tillage In Illinois", "description": "Abstract Agricultural soils can be a major sink for atmospheric carbon (C) with adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs). Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations and pools. Replicated soil samples were collected in May 2004 to 90\u00a0cm depth from a 23-year-old experiment at the Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Monmouth, IL. The SOC and TN concentrations and pools, soil bulk density ( \u03c1 b ) and soil C:N ratio were measured for five N rates [0 (N 0 ), 70 (N 1 ), 140 (N 2 ), 210 (N 3 ) and 280 (N 4 ) kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ] and two cropping systems [continuous corn ( Zea mays L.) (CC), and corn\u2013soybean ( Glycine max (L . ) Merr.) rotation (CS)]. Long-term N fertilization and cropping systems significantly influenced SOC concentrations and pools to 30\u00a0cm depth. The SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 68.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 0 to 75.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 4 . Across all N treatments, the SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth for CC was 4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 greater than for CS. Similarly, TN concentrations and pools were also significantly affected by N rates. The TN pool for 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 5.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 0 to 6.14\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 4 . In relation to cropping systems, the TN pool for 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth for CC was 0.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 greater than for CS. The increase in SOC and TN pools with higher N rates is attributed to the increased amount of biomass production in CC and CS systems. Increasing N rates significantly decreased \u03c1 b for 0\u201330\u00a0cm and decreased the soil C:N ratio for 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth. However, none of the measured soil properties were significantly correlated with N rates and cropping systems below 30\u00a0cm soil depth. We conclude that in the context of developing productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems on a site and soil specific basis, the results from this study is helpful to strengthening the database of management effects on SOC storage in the Mollisols of Midwestern U.S.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004298309606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-21", "description": "Fluxes of nitrous oxide, methane and carbon dioxide were measured from soils under ambient (350 \u00b5L L-1) and enhanced (600 \u00b5L L-1) carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO2) at the \u2018Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment\u2019 (FACE) experiment, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Eschikon, Switzerland in July 1995, using a GC housed in a mobile laboratory. Measurements were made in plots of Lolium perenne maintained under high N input. During the data collection period N fertiliser was applied at a rate of 14 g m-2 of N. Elevated pCO2 appeared to result in an increased (27%) output of N2O, thought to be the consequence of enhanced root-derived available soil C, acting as an energy source for denitrification. The climate, agricultural practices and soils at the FACE experiment combined to give rise to some of the largest N2O emissions recorded for any terrestrial ecosystem. The amount of CO2\u2013C being lost from the control plot was higher (10%) than for the enhanced CO2 plot, and is the reverse of that predicted. The control plot oxidised consistently more CH4 than the enhanced plot, oxidising 25.5 \u00b1 0.8 \u00b5g m-2 hr-1 of CH4 for the control plot, with an average of 8.5 \u00b1 0.4 \u00b5g m-2 hr-1 of CH4 for the enhanced CO2 plot. This suggests that elevated pCO2 may lead to a feedback whereby less CH4 is removed from the atmosphere. Despite the limited nature of the current study (in time and space), the observations made here on the interactions of elevated pCO2 and soil trace gas release suggest that significant interactions are occurring. The feedbacks involved could have importance at the global scale.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Philip Ineson, P.A. Coward, U.A. Hartwig,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004298309606"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004298309606", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004298309606", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004298309606"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep06365", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-15", "title": "Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis", "description": "To meet the challenge of feeding a growing world population with minimal environmental impact, we need comprehensive and quantitative knowledge of ecological factors affecting crop production. Earthworms are among the most important soil dwelling invertebrates. Their activity affects both biotic and abiotic soil properties, in turn affecting plant growth. Yet, studies on the effect of earthworm presence on crop yields have not been quantitatively synthesized. Here we show, using meta-analysis, that on average earthworm presence in agroecosystems leads to a 25% increase in crop yield and a 23% increase in aboveground biomass. The magnitude of these effects depends on presence of crop residue, earthworm density and type and rate of fertilization. The positive effects of earthworms become larger when more residue is returned to the soil, but disappear when soil nitrogen availability is high. This suggests that earthworms stimulate plant growth predominantly through releasing nitrogen locked away in residue and soil organic matter. Our results therefore imply that earthworms are of crucial importance to decrease the yield gap of farmers who can't -or won't- use nitrogen fertilizer.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "agroecosystems", "Nitrogen", "growth", "n pools", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Article", "Animals", "Biomass", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "tolerance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "communities", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystem services", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06365"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep06365", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep06365", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep06365"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jpe/rtv027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-07", "title": "Effects Of Precipitation On Soil Organic Carbon Fractions In Three Subtropical Forests In Southern China", "description": "Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of precipitation changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions in subtropical for- ests where the precipitation pattern has been altered for decades. Methods We conducted field manipulations of precipitation, including ambient precipitation as a control (CK), double precipitation (DP) and no precip- itation (NP), for 3 years in three forests with different stand ages (broad- leaf forest (BF), mixed forest (MF) and pine forest (PF)) in subtropical China. At the end of the experiment, soil samples were collected to assay SOC content, readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC) and non-readily oxidizable organic carbon (NROC), as well as soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), pH and total nitrogen content. Samples from the forest floors were also collected to analyze carbon (C) functional groups (i.e. alkyl C, aromatic C, O-alkyl C and carbonyl C). Furthermore, fine root biomass was measured periodically throughout the experiment. Important Findings Among the forests, ROC content did not exhibit any notable differ- ences, while NROC content increased significantly with the stand age. This finding implied that the SOC accumulation observed in these forests resulted from the accumulation of NROC in the soil, a mechanism for SOC accumulation in the mature forests of south- ern China. Moreover, NP treatment led to significant reductions in both ROC and NROC content and therefore reduced the total SOC content in all of the studied forests. Such decreases may be due to the lower plant-derived C inputs (C quantity) and to the changes in SOC components (C quality) indicated by C functional groups analyses under NP treatment. DP treatment in all the forests also tended to decrease the SOC content, although the decreases were not statistically significant with the exception of SOC and ROC con- tent in PF. This finding indicated that soils in MF and in BF may be more resistant to precipitation increases, possibly due to less water limitations under natural conditions in the two forests. Our results therefore highlight the different responses of SOC and its fractions to precipitation changes among the forests and suggest that further studies are needed to improve our understanding of SOC dynamics in such an important C sink region.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guowei Chu, Guoyi Zhou, Xiaomei Chen, Qingyan Qiu, Guohua Liang, Shizhong Liu, Junhua Yan, Juxiu Liu, Deqiang Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtv027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jpe/rtv027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jpe/rtv027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jpe/rtv027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Identification of isoprene-degrading bacteria in phyllosphere and soil communities from high isoprene-emitting oil palm trees by DNA-stable isotope probing", "description": "

Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) on Earth, with annual global emissions almost equal to those from methane. Due to its volatile nature and high reactivity, isoprene plays a complex role in atmospheric chemistry and hence, climate. However, very little is known about its biological degradation in the environment. The vast majority of isoprene (500 Tg \uffc2\uffb7y-1) is produced by terrestrial plants and oil palm is considered one of the highest isoprene-producing trees, with estimated emissions of 175 \uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffb7g-1 dry leaves \uffc2\uffb7h-1. Oil palm is also a heavily cultivated crop since it is the source of 30% of the vegetable oil in the world and in countries such as Malaysia represents >85% of total agricultural land. The vast expansion of a single crop that emits such high amounts of isoprene have raised serious concerns about its impact on air quality and climate change. We performed DNA Stable Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP) to study the isoprene-degrading community of oil palm trees in a Malaysian plantation and identified novel genera of isoprene-utilising bacteria in both oil palm soils and leaves. isoA amplicon sequencing data also confirmed that oil palm trees harbour a novel diversity of isoA genes, which encode the alpha subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase, a key enzyme in isoprene metabolism. In addition, metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from metagenomes from oil palm soil and leaf incubations and analysed to identify isoprene degradation gene clusters in these microorganisms. Finally, analysis of unenriched metagenomes showed that isoA-containing bacteria are more abundant in soils than in the oil palm phyllosphere.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Access%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "name": "item", "description": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-05", "title": "Soil Warming And Co2 Enrichment Induce Biomass Shifts In Alpine Tree Line Vegetation", "description": "Abstract

Responses of alpine tree line ecosystems to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming are poorly understood. We used an experiment at the Swiss tree line to investigate changes in vegetation biomass after 9\uffc2\uffa0years of free air CO2 enrichment (+200\uffc2\uffa0ppm; 2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932009) and 6\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming (+4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C; 2007\uffe2\uff80\uff932012). The study contained two key tree line species, Larix decidua and Pinus uncinata, both approximately 40\uffc2\uffa0years old, growing in heath vegetation dominated by dwarf shrubs. In 2012, we harvested and measured biomass of all trees (including root systems), above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground understorey vegetation and fine roots. Overall, soil warming had clearer effects on plant biomass than CO2 enrichment, and there were no interactive effects between treatments. Total plant biomass increased in warmed plots containing Pinus but not in those with Larix. This response was driven by changes in tree mass (+50%), which contributed an average of 84% (5.7\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of total plant mass. Pinus coarse root mass was especially enhanced by warming (+100%), yielding an increased root mass fraction. Elevated CO2 led to an increased relative growth rate of Larix stem basal area but no change in the final biomass of either tree species. Total understorey above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground mass was not altered by soil warming or elevated CO2. However, Vaccinium myrtillus mass increased with both treatments, graminoid mass declined with warming, and forb and nonvascular plant (moss and lichen) mass decreased with both treatments. Fine roots showed a substantial reduction under soil warming (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240% for all roots <2\uffc2\uffa0mm in diameter at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth) but no change with CO2 enrichment. Our findings suggest that enhanced overall productivity and shifts in biomass allocation will occur at the tree line, particularly with global warming. However, individual species and functional groups will respond differently to these environmental changes, with consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Models", " Statistical", "Temperature", "Larix", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "Tundra", "Switzerland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.70130", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-18", "title": "What Are the Limits to the Growth of Boreal Fires?", "description": "ABSTRACT

Boreal forest regions, including East Siberia, have experienced elevated fire activity in recent years, leading to record\uffe2\uff80\uff90breaking greenhouse gas emissions and severe air pollution. However, our understanding of the factors that eventually halt fire spread and thus limit fire growth remains incomplete, hindering our ability to model their dynamics and predict their impacts. We investigated the locations and timing of 2.2 million fire stops\uffe2\uff80\uff94defined as 300\uffe2\uff80\uff89m unburned pixels along fire perimeters\uffe2\uff80\uff94across the vast East Siberian taiga. Fire stops were retrieved from remote sensing data covering over 27,000 individual fires that collectively burned 80 Mha between 2012 and 2022. Several geospatial datasets, including hourly fire weather data and landscape variables, were used to identify the factors contributing to individual fire stops. Our analysis attributed 87% of all fire stops to a statistically significant (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.01) change in one or more of these drivers, with fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90weather drivers limiting fire growth over time and landscape drivers constraining it across space. We found clear regional and temporal variations in the importance of these drivers. For instance, landscape drivers\uffe2\uff80\uff94such as less flammable land cover and the presence of roads\uffe2\uff80\uff94were key constraints on fire growth in southeastern Siberia, where the landscape is more populated and fragmented. In contrast, fire weather was the primary constraint on fire growth in the remote northern taiga. Additionally, in central Yakutia, a major fire hotspot in recent years, fuel limitations from previous fires increasingly restricted fire spread. The methodology we present is adaptable to other biomes and can be applied globally, providing a framework for future attribution studies on global fire growth limitations. In northeast Siberia, we found that with increasing droughts and heatwaves, remote northern fires could potentially grow even larger in the future, with major implications for the global carbon cycle and climate.Forests provide important ecological, economic, and social services, and recent interest has emerged in the potential for using residue from timber harvest as a source of renewable woody bioenergy. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences of such intensive harvest are unclear, particularly as forests face novel climatic conditions over the next century. We used a simulation model to project the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of management and climate change on above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground forest carbon storage in a watershed in northwestern Oregon. The multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90ownership watershed has a diverse range of current management practices, including little\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90no harvesting on federal lands, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting on industrial land, and a mix of practices on private nonindustrial land. We simulated multiple management scenarios, varying the rate and intensity of harvest, combined with projections of climate change. Our simulations project a wide range of total ecosystem carbon storage with varying harvest rate, ranging from a 45% increase to a 16% decrease in carbon compared to current levels. Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy caused a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933% decrease in ecosystem carbon relative to conventional harvest practices. Soil carbon was relatively insensitive to harvest rotation and intensity, and accumulated slowly regardless of harvest regime. Climate change reduced carbon accumulation in soil and detrital pools due to increasing heterotrophic respiration, and had small but variable effects on aboveground live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. Overall, we conclude that current levels of ecosystem carbon storage are maintained in part due to substantial portions of the landscape (federal and some private lands) remaining unharvested or lightly managed.\uffc2\uffa0Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy on currently harvested land, however,\uffc2\uffa0led to a relatively small reduction in the ability of forests to store carbon. Climate change is unlikely to substantially alter carbon storage in these forests, absent shifts in disturbance regimes.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon dioxide mitigation", "Forest ecology -- Oregon -- Oregon Coast Range", "Forest biomass", "13. Climate action", "Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)", "Biomass energy", "Forest Biology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Climatic change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-19", "title": "Drought Changes Phosphorus And Potassium Accumulation Patterns In An Evergreen Mediterranean Forest", "description": "Summary

Climate models predict more extreme weather in Mediterranean ecosystems, with more frequent drought periods and torrential rainfall. These expected changes may affect major process in ecosystems such as mineral cycling. However, there is a lack of experimental data regarding the effects of prolonged drought on nutrient cycling and content in Mediterranean ecosystems.

A 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year drought manipulation experiment was conducted in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest. The aim was to investigate the effects of drought conditions expected to occur over the coming decades, on the contents and concentrations of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in stand biomass, and P and K content and availability in soils.

Drought (an average reduction of 15% in soil moisture) increased P leaf concentration by 18\uffc2\uffb72% and reduced P wood and root concentrations (30\uffc2\uffb79% and 39\uffc2\uffb78%, respectively) in the dominant tree species Quercus ilex, suggesting a process of mobilization of P from wood towards leaves. The decrease in P wood concentrations in Quercus ilex, together with a decrease in forest biomass growth, led to an overall decrease (by approximately one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third) of the total P content in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. In control plots, the total P content in the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass increased 54\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from 1999 to 2005, whereas in drought plots there was no increase in P levels in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. Drought had no effects on either K above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground contents or concentrations.

Drought increased total soil soluble P by increasing soil soluble organic P, which is the soil soluble P not directly available to plant capture. Drought reduced the ratio of soil soluble inorganic P\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0soil soluble organic P by 50% showing a decrease of inorganic P release from P bound to organic matter. Drought increased by 10% the total K content in the soil, but reduced the soil soluble K by 20\uffc2\uffb74%.

Drought led to diminished plant uptake of mineral nutrients and to greater recalcitrance of minerals in soil. This will lead to a reduction in P and K in the ecosystem, due to losses in P and K through leaching and erosion, if the heavy rainfalls predicted by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) models occur. As P is currently a limiting factor in many Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems, and given that P and K are necessary for high water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency and stomata control, the negative effects of drought on P and K content in the ecosystem may well have additional indirect negative effects on plant fitness.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-22", "title": "Functional Changes In The Control Of Carbon Fluxes After 3 Years Of Increased Drought In A Mediterranean Evergreen Forest?", "description": "Abstract

Our objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x08-045", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-27", "title": "Impact Of A Pine Lappet (Dendrolimus Pini) Mass Outbreak On C And N Fluxes To The Forest Floor And Soil Microbial Properties In A Scots Pine Forest In Germany", "description": "

Herbivorous insect infestations significantly alter element and nutrient cycling in forests, thus directly and indirectly affecting ecosystem functioning. In this paper, we report on the herbivore-mediated transfer of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from the canopy to the forest floor and its influence on soil microbial activity during a pine lappet ( Dendrolimus pini L.) infestation. Over the course of 6\uffc2\uffa0months, we followed C and N fluxes in bulk deposition, throughfall, and green fall (green needle debris dropped during herbivory) together with solid frass (insect faeces) in an 80-year-old Scots pine ( Pinus silvestris L.) forest. Compared with the control, herbivore defoliation significantly doubled throughfall inputs of total and dissolved organic C and N over the study period. Frass plus green-fall C and N fluxes peaked in June\uffe2\uff80\uff93July at 110\uffc2\uffa0kg C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931and 2.3\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931, respectively. Randomized intervention analysis revealed no significant effects of herbivory on soil microbial properties, except for adenylate energy charge, which showed slightly higher values under herbivory. This study demonstrates the importance of canopy herbivory on overall C and N inputs to forest ecosystems, particularly in altering the timing and quality of the organic material reaching the forest floor and potentially affecting belowground processes.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "le Mellec, Anne, Michalzik, Beate,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x08-045"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x08-045", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x08-045", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x08-045"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:54Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Consumers' attitudes towards microbial applications in food production", "description": "The data was collected using an online survey as part of the research activities of the European Horizon 2020 project SIMBA (Sustainable Innovation of Microbiome Applications in the Food System). Online surveys were used to collect consumer respondent data for three food products (wheat bread, consumer potatoes and tomato sauce). These food products were selected as part of the EU Horizon 2020 SIMBA project for reflecting the diversity of food value chains in terms of organisation, technology, climatic conditions and consumption patterns across the EU. Three questionnaires corresponding to the three food products were prepared. The questionnaires consisted of four main parts: (1) socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. gender, education, income; Part One), (2) health and environmental concerns related to chemical use in farming, knowledge about microbial applications, perceived microbial health risks and attitude towards microbial applications in food production (Part Two), (3) questions for eliciting a consumer\u2019s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a food product that had been obtained through a microbial-enhanced production system with reduced or no chemical use (Part Three), and (4) questions for eliciting a respondent\u2019s food choice motives (FCMs) using de Boer et al.\u2019s (2007) FCM questionnaire (Part Four). In addition, the questionnaire had an introduction section containing information sheet about the study and a consent form. The consent form and the information sheet for safeguarding the ethical aspects of this study (e.g. data handling, privacy and potential risks to respondents) were approved by the General Assembly of the SIMBA project as well as the Social Sciences Ethics Committee of Wageningen University prior to distributing the surveys. We collected data primarily from three countries: Germany, Italy and Netherlands.The data was collected to undertake a study to support the uptake of food products that are produced and/or processed using microbial applications. The aim of the survey was to get some insights about food choice motives of consumers, and the socio-demographic and behavioural factors influencing their food choices. The survey specifically aimed to assess the preferences and perceptions, and willingness-to-pay of consumers to wheat, potato and tomato-based food products that are produced and/or processed using microbial applications.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Economics", "Social and Behavioural Sciences", "Business and Management", "Food economics", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "BM Ali", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e", "name": "item", "description": "10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18174/509232", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:59Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-16", "title": "Novel soil quality indicators for the evaluation of agricultural management practices: a biological perspective", "description": "Developments in soil biology and methods to characterize soil organic carbon have the potential to deliver novel soil quality indicators that can help to identify soil management practices that sustain soil productivity and environmental resilience. This thesis aimed at investigating the suitability of a range of soil biological and biochemical parameters as novel soil quality indicators for agricultural management. The soil parameters, selected through a literature review, comprised different labile organic carbon fractions (hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon (Hy-DOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), hot water extractable carbon (HWEC) and particulate organic matter carbon (POMC), ordered here from the smallest to the largest proportion of the total organic carbon), soil disease suppressiveness measured with a Pythium-Cress bioassay, nematode communities characterized with amplicon sequencing and qPCR, and microbial community level physiological profiling (CLPP) measured with MicroRespTM. We tested the sensitivity of the novel indicators to tillage and organic matter addition in 10 European long-term field experiments, and assessed their relationship with already existing soil quality indicators linked to soil functioning. Lastly, the results of these experimental chapters are interpreted relative to each other and to the broader body of literature on soil quality assessments. Moreover, pros and cons of the novel indicators are discussed, and possibilities and needs for future research are outlined. Reduced tillage increased carbon availability, disease suppressiveness, nematode richness and diversity, the stability and maturity of the food web, and microbial activity and functional diversity. Organic matter addition had a weaker role in sustaining soil quality, possibly due to the different compositions of the organic matter inputs in the long-term field experiments that were sampled. Random forest analysis showed that POXC was the indicator that discriminates soil management most, and structural equation modelling showed its central role in nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, erosion control and disease regulation/suppression. The novel indicators proposed here have great potential to improve existing soil quality assessment schemes, but their usefulness is still to be validated and optimized.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Life Science", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bongiorno, Giulia", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18174/509232"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18174/509232", "name": "item", "description": "10.18174/509232", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18174/509232"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2111/08-106.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-22", "title": "Land Use Influences Carbon Fluxes In Northern Kazakhstan", "description": "A mobile, closed-chamber system (CC) was used to measure carbon and water fluxes on four land-use types common in the Kazakh steppe ecoregion. Land uses represented crop (wheat or barley, WB), abandoned land (AL), crested wheatgrass (CW), and virgin land (VL). Measurements were conducted during the growing season of 2002 in northern Kazakhstan at three locations (blocks) 15\u201320 km apart. The CC allowed the measurement of the carbon flux components of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (RE) and soil respiration (RS), together with evapotranspiration (ET). Nonlinear regression analyse sw ere used to model gross primary production (GPP) and ET as a function of photosynthetically active radiation (Q); RE and RS were modeled based on air (Tair) and soil (Ts) temperature, respectively. GPP, RE, RS, and ET were estimated for the entire year with the use of continuous 20-min means of Q, Tair, and Ts. Annual NEE indicated that AL gained 536 g CO2 ? m 22 , WB lost 2 191 g CO2 ? m 22 , CW was near equilibrium (2 14 g CO2 ? m 22 ), and VL exhibited considerable carbon accumulation (153 g CO2 ? m 22 ). The lower GPP values of the land-use types dominated by native species (CW and VL) compared to WB and AL were compensated by positive NEE values that were maintained during a longer growing season. As expected, VL and CW allocated a larger proportion of their carbon assimilates belowground. Non\u2013growing-season RE accounted for about 19% of annual RE in all land-use types. The results of this landscape-level study suggest that carbon lost by cultivation of VLs is partially being restored when fields are left uncultivated, and that VLs are net sinks of carbon. Estimations of carbon balances have important management implications, such as estimation of ecosystem productivity and carbon credit certification. Resumen", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "abandoned fields", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2111/08-106.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rangeland%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2111/08-106.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.2111/08-106.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2111/08-106.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0248", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-30", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Harvesting Maize Stover And Tillage On Soil Quality", "description": "

Rising concerns about greenhouse gases, increased fuel prices, and the potential for new high value agricultural products have raised interest in the use of maize stover for bioenergy production. However, residue harvest must be weighed against potential negative impacts on soil quality. This study, conducted in Chazy, NY, evaluated the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of 32 yr of maize (Zea maysL.) stover harvest vs. stover return on soil quality in the surface layer (5\uffe2\uff80\uff9366 mm) under plow till (PT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) systems on a Raynham silt loam (coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Aeric Epiaquept) using physical, chemical, and biological soil properties as soil quality indicators. Twenty\uffe2\uff80\uff90five soil properties were measured, including standard chemical soil tests, aggregate stability (WSA), bulk density, (\uffcf\uff81b) penetration resistance (PR), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), infiltrability (Infilt), several porosity indicators (aeration pores(PO > 1000), soil water potential = \uffce\uffa8 > \uffe2\uff88\uff920.36 kPa; air\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pores at field capacity (PO > 30), \uffce\uffa8 > \uffe2\uff88\uff9210kPa; available water capacity (AWC), \uffe2\uff88\uff921500 < \uffce\uffa8 < \uffe2\uff88\uff9210 kPa), total organic matter (OM), parasitic (Nemparasitic) and beneficial nematode (Nembeneficial) populations, decomposition rate (Decomp), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and easily extractable (EEG) and total glomalin (TG). Only eight indicators were adversely affected by stover harvest, and most of these effects were significant only under NT. Almost all indicators affected by stover removal were affected equally or more adversely by tillage. A total of 15 indicators were adversely affected by tillage. Results of this study suggest that, on a silt loam soil in a temperate climate, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term stover harvest had lower adverse impacts on soil quality than long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage. Stover harvest appears to be sustainable when practiced under NT management.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0248"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0248", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0248", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0248"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-14", "description": "Soil management is fundamental to all agricultural systems and fertilization practices have contributed substantially to the impressive increases in food production. Despite the pivotal role of soil microorganisms in agro-ecosystems, we still have a limited understanding of the complex response of the soil microbiota to organic and mineral fertilization in the very long-term. Here, we report the effects of different fertilization regimes (mineral, organic and combined mineral and organic fertilization), carried out for more than a century, on the structure and activity of the soil microbiome. Organic matter content, nutrient concentrations, and microbial biomass carbon were significantly increased by mineral, and even more strongly by organic fertilization. Pyrosequencing revealed significant differences between the structures of bacterial and fungal soil communities associated to each fertilization regime. Organic fertilization increased bacterial diversity, and stimulated microbial groups (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Zygomycota) that are known to prefer nutrient-rich environments, and that are involved in the degradation of complex organic compounds. In contrast, soils not receiving manure harbored distinct microbial communities enriched in oligotrophic organisms adapted to nutrient-limited environments, as Acidobacteria. The fertilization regime also affected the relative abundances of plant beneficial and detrimental microbial taxa, which may influence productivity and stability of the agroecosystem. As expected, the activity of microbial exoenzymes involved in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous mineralization were enhanced by both types of fertilization. However, in contrast to comparable studies, the highest chitinase and phosphatase activities were observed in the solely mineral fertilized soil. Interestingly, these two enzymes showed also a particular high biomass-specific activities and a strong negative relation with soil pH. As many soil parameters are known to change slowly, the particularity of unchanged fertilization treatments since 1902 allows a profound assessment of linkages between management and abiotic as well as biotic soil parameters. Our study revealed that pH and TOC were the majors, while nitrogen and phosphorous pools were minors, drivers for structure and activity of the soil microbial community. Due to the long-term treatments studied, our findings likely represent permanent and stable, rather than transient, responses of soil microbial communities to fertilization.", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "long-term fertilization", "microbial biomass", "15. Life on land", "microbial activity", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "soil microbial communities", "soil nutrients", "454 pyrosequencing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01446"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2019.00191", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-22", "title": "Interannual and Seasonal Dynamics of Volatile Organic Compound Fluxes From the Boreal Forest Floor", "description": "In the northern hemisphere, boreal forests are a major source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which drive atmospheric processes and lead to cloud formation and changes in the Earth's radiation budget. Although forest vegetation is known to be a significant source of BVOCs, the role of soil and the forest floor, and especially interannual variations in fluxes, remains largely unknown due to a lack of long-term measurements. Our aim was to determine the interannual, seasonal and diurnal dynamics of boreal forest floor volatile organic compound (VOC) fluxes and to estimate how much they contribute to ecosystem VOC fluxes. We present here an 8-year data set of forest floor VOC fluxes, measured with three automated chambers connected to the quadrupole proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (quadrupole PTR-MS). The exceptionally long data set shows that forest floor fluxes were dominated by monoterpenes and methanol, with relatively comparable emission rates between the years. Weekly mean monoterpene fluxes from the forest floor were highest in spring and in autumn (maximum 59 and 86 \u03bcg m-2 h-1, respectively), whereas the oxygenated VOC fluxes such as methanol had highest weekly mean fluxes in spring and summer (maximum 24 and 79 \u03bcg m-2 h-1, respectively). Although the chamber locations differed from each other in emission rates, the inter-annual dynamics were very similar and systematic. Accounting for this chamber location dependent variability, temperature and relative humidity, a mixed effects linear model was able to explain 79-88% of monoterpene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde fluxes from the boreal forest floor. The boreal forest floor was a significant contributor in the forest stand fluxes, but its importance varies between seasons, being most important in autumn. The forest floor emitted 2-93% of monoterpene fluxes in spring and autumn and 1-72% of methanol fluxes in spring and early summer. The forest floor covered only a few percent of the forest stand fluxes in summer.", "keywords": ["VOC EMISSIONS", "Plant Science", "ATMOSPHERIC OH", "01 natural sciences", "forest floor", "SB1-1110", "MONOTERPENE EMISSIONS", "vegetation", "biogenic volatile organic compound", "11. Sustainability", "SCOTS PINE", "EXCHANGE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "decomposition", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "seasonality", "temperature", "Plant culture", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "SOIL", "MODEL", "Environmental sciences", "flux", "13. Climate action", "PTR-TOF", "METHANOL"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00191"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2019.00191", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2019.00191", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2019.00191"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11040652", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-29", "title": "Wheat Yield Forecasting for the Tisza River Catchment Using Landsat 8 NDVI and SAVI Time Series and Reported Crop Statistics", "description": "

Due to the increasing global demand of food grain, early and reliable information on crop production is important in decision making in agricultural production. Remote sensing (RS)-based forecast models developed from vegetation indices have the potential to give quantitative and timely information on crops for larger regions or even at farm scale. Different vegetation indices are being used for this purpose, however, their efficiency in estimating crop yield certainly needs to be tested. In this study, wheat yield was derived by linear regressing reported yield values against a time series of six different peak-seasons (2013\u20132018) using the Landsat 8-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). NDVI- and SAVI-based forecasting models were validated based on 2018\u20132019 datasets and compared to evaluate the most appropriate index that performs better in forecasting wheat production in the Tisza river basin. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index was positive with E1 = 0.716 for the model from NDVI and for SAVI E1 = 0.909, which means that the forecasting method developed and performed good forecast efficiency. The best time for wheat yield prediction with Landsat 8-SAVI and NDVI was found to be the beginning of full biomass period from the 138th to 167th day of the year (18 May to 16 June; BBCH scale: 41\u201371) with high regression coefficients between the vegetation indices and the wheat yield. The RMSE of the NDVI-based prediction model was 0.357 t/ha (NRMSE: 7.33%). The RMSE of the SAVI-based prediction model was 0.191 t/ha (NRMSE 3.86%). The validation of the results revealed that the SAVI-based model provided more accurate forecasts compared to NDVI. Overall, probable yield amount is possible to predict far before harvest (six weeks earlier) based on Landsat 8 NDVI and SAVI and generating simple thresholds for yield forecasting, and a potential loss of wheat yield can be mapped.

", "keywords": ["Landsat 8", "2. Zero hunger", "SAVI", "NDVI", "S", "13. Climate action", "wheat", "yield forecasting", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/652/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/652/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040652"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11040652", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11040652", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11040652"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-20", "title": "Soil Structural Shifts Caused by Land Management Practices", "description": "Long-term agricultural practices have been shown to affect soil hydro-physical properties in multiple ways. They affect the stability and distribution of soil aggregates leading to changes in water retention, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and porosity. Aggregate stability is an indicator of the resilience of aggregates to external forces. Unstable aggregates can change rapidly under different land management practices and meteorological conditions. \u039cacro-aggregates (>250 \u03bcm) are formed more rapidly and are often more sensitive to management changes. Here, four different long-term experiments, run by the SoilCare Horizon 2020 Project partners, were sampled and analyzed, in order to evaluate the impact of different agricultural management practices in the water stability of soil aggregates and the fractions distribution. Different experiments selected, include control-conventional treatment and different treatments, which are considered soil improving. The treatments are about soil cultivation (conventional ploughing-control, zero tillage, minimum tillage, strip tillage, shallow tillage) and organic input (mineral fertilization-control, residue incorporation, farmyard manure) and are selected in areas with different climatic and soil conditions. Initial results indicate that treatments with less soil disturbance present more water stable aggregates (WSA) >250 \u03bcm and higher mean weight diameters (MWD), as well as the same trend following the treatments with increased organic input. According to Tukey\u2019s Honest Significance test (p < 0.05), management practices are shown to have a significant impact on the WSA and MWD in most cases, but not all similar treatments in the different areas present the same results. The large macro-aggregates (>2 mm) seem to be greatly sensitive to soil cultivation, whereas the results for the small macro-aggregates (250 \u03bcm\u20132 mm) are controversial among the different tillage experiments. The different organic inputs seems to affect more the small macro-aggregates than the larger. The initial results indicate that the shifts in the soil structure cannot only be justified by the different management practices. The interrelationships and potential links with other soil properties like texture, bulk density, particulate organic matter and climate will be taken into account in further steps in order to understand the mechanisms behind the aggregation shifts.", "keywords": ["long-term experiments", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil cultivation", "A", "aggregates", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil structure", "SoilCare", "General Works", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ioanna Panagea, Jan Diels, Guido Wyseure,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030057"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/TERRAenVISION%202019", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/proceedings2019030057"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-31", "description": "Interest in biochar (BC) has grown dramatically in recent years, due mainly to the fact that its incorporation into soil reportedly enhances carbon sequestration and fertility. Currently, BC types most under investigation are those obtained from organic matter (OM) of plant origin. As great amounts of manure solids are expected to become available in the near future, thanks to the development of technologies for the separation of the solid fraction of animal effluents, processing of manure solids for BC production seems an interesting possibility for the recycling of OM of high nutrient value. The aim of this study was to investigate carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient dynamics in soil amended with BC from dried swine manure solids. The experiment was carried out in laboratory microcosms on a silty clay soil. The effect on nutrient dynamics of interaction between BC and fresh digestate obtained from a biogas plant was also investigated to test the hypothesis that BC can retain nutrients. A comparison was made of the following treatments: soil amended with swine manure solids (LC), soil amended with charred swine manure solids (LT), soil amended with wood chip (CC), soil amended with charred wood chip (CT), soil with no amendment as control (Cs), each one of them with and without incorporation of digestate (D) for a total of 10 treatments. Biochar was obtained by treating OM (wood chip or swine manure) with moisture content of less than 10% at 420\u00b0C in anoxic conditions. The CO2-C release and organic C, available phosphorus (P) (Olsen P, POls) and inorganic (ammonium+nitrate) nitrogen (N) (Nmin) contents at the start and three months after the start of the experiment were measured in the amended and control soils. After three months of incubation at 30\u00b0C, the CO2-C emissions from soil with BC (CT and LT, \u00b1D) were the same as those in the control soil (Cs) and were lower than those in the soils with untreated amendments (CC and LC, \u00b1D). The organic C content decreased in CT and LT to a lesser extent than in CC and LC. In soils with D (+D), the CO2-C emissions were equal to or higher than those in soils without (-D). The Nmin content increased in all treatments; the POls content decreased in the +D treatments. The incorporation of BC into soil, by reducing CO2 emissions, actually contributes to C sequestration without modifying N availability for crops. For a given N content, the BC from swine manure solids supplies much more P than the non-treated OM and, therefore, represents an interesting source of P for crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "emissions", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Italian%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "name": "item", "description": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.3sm0340", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Vegetation type controls root turnover in global grasslands", "description": "unspecifiedRoot turnover in grasslands", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Jinsong, Sun, Jian, Yu, Zhen, Li, Yong, Tian, Dashuan, Wang, Bingxue, Li, Zhaolei, Niu, Shuli,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3sm0340"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.3sm0340", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.3sm0340", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.3sm0340"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.pb271", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:36Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Interactions among roots, mycorrhizae and free-living microbial communities differentially impact soil carbon processes", "description": "unspecifiedPlant roots, their associated microbial community and free-living soil microbes interact to regulate the movement of carbon from the soil to the atmosphere, one of the most important and least understood fluxes of terrestrial carbon. Our inadequate understanding of how plant\u2013microbial interactions alter soil carbon decomposition may lead to poor model predictions of terrestrial carbon feedbacks to the atmosphere. Roots, mycorrhizal fungi and free-living soil microbes can alter soil carbon decomposition through exudation of carbon into soil. Exudates of simple carbon compounds can increase microbial activity because microbes are typically carbon limited. When both roots and mycorrhizal fungi are present in the soil, they may additively increase carbon decomposition. However, when mycorrhizas are isolated from roots, they may limit soil carbon decomposition by competing with free-living decomposers for resources. We manipulated the access of roots and mycorrhizal fungi to soil in situ in a temperate mixed deciduous forest. We added 13C-labelled substrate to trace metabolized carbon in respiration and measured carbon-degrading microbial extracellular enzyme activity and soil carbon pools. We used our data in a mechanistic soil carbon decomposition model to simulate and compare the effects of root and mycorrhizal fungal presence on soil carbon dynamics over longer time periods. Contrary to what we predicted, root and mycorrhizal biomass did not interact to additively increase microbial activity and soil carbon degradation. The metabolism of 13C-labelled starch was highest when root biomass was high and mycorrhizal biomass was low. These results suggest that mycorrhizas may negatively interact with the free-living microbial community to influence soil carbon dynamics, a hypothesis supported by our enzyme results. Our steady-state model simulations suggested that root presence increased mineral-associated and particulate organic carbon pools, while mycorrhizal fungal presence had a greater influence on particulate than mineral-associated organic carbon pools. Synthesis. Our results suggest that the activity of enzymes involved in organic matter decomposition was contingent upon root\u2013mycorrhizal\u2013microbial interactions. Using our experimental data in a decomposition simulation model, we show that root\u2013mycorrhizal\u2013microbial interactions may have longer-term legacy effects on soil carbon sequestration. Overall, our study suggests that roots stimulate microbial activity in the short term, but contribute to soil carbon storage over longer periods of time.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "roots", "13. Climate action", "simulation model", "carbon dynamics", "Rhizosphere", "stable isotope", "plant-soil (belowground) interactions", "15. Life on land", "extra-cellular enzyme activity", "mycorrhizae"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Moore, Jessica A. M., Jiang, Jiang, Patterson, Courtney M., Wang, Gangsheng, Mayes, Melanie A., Classen, Aim\u00e9e T.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pb271"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.pb271", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.pb271", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.pb271"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-20", "title": "Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD\u20091850\u20132005", "description": "

Abstract. Erosion is an Earth system process that transports carbon laterally across the land surface and is currently accelerated by anthropogenic activities. Anthropogenic land cover change has accelerated soil erosion rates by rainfall and runoff substantially, mobilizing vast quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC) globally. At timescales of decennia to millennia this mobilized SOC can significantly alter previously estimated carbon emissions from land use change (LUC). However, a full understanding of the impact of erosion on land\u2013atmosphere carbon exchange is still missing. The aim of this study is to better constrain the terrestrial carbon fluxes by developing methods compatible with land surface models (LSMs) in order to explicitly represent the links between soil erosion by rainfall and runoff and carbon dynamics. For this we use an emulator that represents the carbon cycle of a LSM, in combination with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. We applied this modeling framework at the global scale to evaluate the effects of potential soil erosion (soil removal only) in the presence of other perturbations of the carbon cycle: elevated atmospheric CO2, climate variability, and LUC. We find that over the period AD\u20091850\u20132005 acceleration of soil erosion leads to a total potential SOC removal flux of 74\u00b118\u2009Pg\u2009C, of which 79\u2009%\u201385\u2009% occurs on agricultural land and grassland. Using our best estimates for soil erosion we find that including soil erosion in the SOC-dynamics scheme results in an increase of 62\u2009% of the cumulative loss of SOC over 1850\u20132005 due to the combined effects of climate variability, increasing atmospheric CO2 and LUC. This additional erosional loss decreases the cumulative global carbon sink on land by 2\u2009Pg of carbon for this specific period, with the largest effects found for the tropics, where deforestation and agricultural expansion increased soil erosion rates significantly. We conclude that the potential effect of soil erosion on the global SOC stock is comparable to the effects of climate or LUC. It is thus necessary to include soil erosion in assessments of LUC and evaluations of the terrestrial carbon cycle.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "550", "Ecologie", "G\u00e9ologie et min\u00e9ralogie", "Ecology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "Evolution des esp\u00e8ces", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "14. Life underwater", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/279784/1/doi_263411.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-13", "title": "Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire", "description": "

Abstract. The boreal forest landscape covers approximately 10\u2009% of the earth's land area and accounts for almost 30\u2009% of the global annual terrestrial sink of carbon\u00a0(C). Increased emissions due to climate-change-amplified fire frequency, size, and intensity threaten to remove elements such as C and nitrogen\u00a0(N) from forest soil and vegetation at rates faster than they accumulate. This may result in large areas within the region becoming a net source of greenhouse gases, creating a positive feedback loop with a changing climate. Meter-scale estimates of area-normalized fire emissions are limited in Eurasian boreal forests, and knowledge of their relation to climate and ecosystem properties is sparse. This study sampled 50 separate Swedish wildfires, which occurred during an extreme fire season in 2018, providing quantitative estimates of C and N loss due to fire along a climate gradient. Mean annual precipitation had strong positive effects on total fuel, which was the strongest driver for increasing C and N losses. Mean annual temperature\u00a0(MAT) influenced both pre- and postfire organic layer soil bulk density and C\u2009:\u2009N ratio, which had mixed effects on C and N losses. Significant fire-induced loss of C estimated in the 50 plots was comparable to estimates in similar Eurasian forests but approximately a quarter of those found in typically more intense North American boreal wildfires. N loss was insignificant, though a large amount of fire-affected fuel was converted to a low C\u2009:\u2009N surface layer of char in proportion to increased MAT. These results reveal large quantitative differences in C and N losses between global regions and their linkage to the broad range of climate conditions within Fennoscandia. A need exists to better incorporate these factors into models to improve estimates of global emissions of C and N due to fire in future climate scenarios. Additionally, this study demonstrated a linkage between climate and the extent of charring of soil fuel and discusses its potential for altering C and N dynamics in postfire recovery.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "Climate Science", "Klimatvetenskap", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO2 (ambient CO2 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93September) and lower values in the dry season (October\uffe2\uff80\uff93March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO2] and N addition (p<0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO2] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater than the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 \uffc2\uffb1 0.08, 4.54 \uffc2\uffb1 0.10, 3.56 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 and 3.53 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 kg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO2] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO2] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qi Deng, Shuangquan Liu, Honglang Duan, Guoyi Zhou, Juxiu Liu, Dainan Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:48Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Mediterranean soils under climate change: a drying-rewetting experiment with 14C-labelled glucose", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Drying-rewetting cycles (DRC) affect litter and soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and mineralization, especially in Mediterranean ecosystems. Global climate change is expected to increase drought periods as well as heavy precipitation frequency, which in turn will increase soils DRC. However, the effects of DRC on the functioning of microbial communities and dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remain elusive. Here, we investigate the effects of climate-change on organic carbon turnover rates based on a DRC approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Composite &lt;em&gt;dehesa&lt;/em&gt; soil samples (0-10 cm) (Pozoblanco, C&amp;#243;rdoba, Spain) were taken from three forced climatic treatment plots (W: warming (heat increase); D: drought (water restriction); C: Control). The plots were installed 4 yrs ago under two distinct habitats: evergreen oak canopy (designated as &amp;#8216;tree&amp;#8217;) and in the open pasture (&amp;#8216;open&amp;#8217;). The soil samples were incubated for 26-days at a constant moisture (40% of water-holding capacity, WHC) and labelled &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C-glucose (150 % of C from microbial biomass). Afterwards, to simulate drought in nature, &amp;#190; of each sample were dried and further four rewetting treatments were established: 1) constant-moisture at 40% WHC, 2) slow DRC with 5-days water addition to 40% WHC, 3) fast DRC with all water added during the first day of the experiment, and 4) dry DRC with 7-days drying and no rewetting. Following DRC period, there was an extended incubation (26 d in total), where samples were taken at three times after rewetting (4, 7 and 26 days) for further analyses. Total and &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C-glucose-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass (MBC), C, N and P related enzymatic activities, and other parameters of microbial growth were measured. During the incubation period total and &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C-CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;were also monitored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results obtained and the discussion of the DRC effects detected and main threads regarding climate change in Mediterranean &lt;em&gt;dehesa&lt;/em&gt; agroforestal system such as increasing temperatures and drought events on microbial biomass, respiration and C turnover, will be detailed. Changes in DRC can alter organic C mineralization, in turn such effect can strongly depend on previous field-induced conditions in Mediterranean savannas. In addition, our results will help to understand the responses of soil MBC and DOC to DWC in Mediterranean ecosystems and could improve the prediction of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission under a changing environment in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgment:&lt;/strong&gt; EU-EJC 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Call Projects MIXROOT-C and MAXROOT-C. L.M. San Emeterio thanks Ministerio de Ciencia Innovaci&amp;#243;n y Universidades (MICIU) FPI research grant (BES-2017-07968) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for funding. A.M. Carmona, M.D. Hidalgo, P. Campos and K. Schmidt are acknowledged for technical assistance.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/soil-2020-96", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:54Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2021-02-06", "title": "Controls on heterotrophic soil respiration and carbon cycling in geochemically distinct African tropical forest soils", "description": "

Abstract. Heterotrophic soil respiration is an important component of the global terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, driven by environmental factors acting from local to continental scales. For tropical Africa, these factors and their interactions remain largely unknown. Here, using samples collected along strong topographic and geochemical gradients in the East African Rift Valley, we study how soil chemistry and soil fertility, derived from the geochemical composition of soil parent material, can drive soil respiration even after many millennia of weathering and soil development. To address the drivers of soil respiration, we incubated soils from three regions with contrasting geochemistry (mafic, felsic, and mixed sedimentary) sampled along slope gradients. For three soil depths, we measured the potential maximum heterotrophic respiration under stable environmental conditions as well as the radiocarbon content (\u039414C) of the bulk soil and respired CO2. We found that soil microbial communities were able to mineralize C from fossil as well as other poor quality C sources under laboratory conditions representative of tropical topsoils. Furthermore, despite similarities in terms of climate, vegetation, and the size of soil C stocks, soil respiration showed distinct patterns with soil depth and parent material geochemistry. The topographic origin of our samples was not a main determinant of the observed respiration rates and \u039414C. In situ, however, soil hydrological conditions likely influence soil C stability by inhibiting decomposition in valley subsoils. Our study shows that soil fertility conditions are the main determinant of C stability in tropical forest soils. Further, in the presence of organic carbon sources of poor quality or the presence of strong mineral related C stabilization, microorganisms tend to discriminate against these sources in favor of more accessible forms of soil organic matter as energy sources, resulting in a slower rate of C cycling. Our results demonstrate that even in deeply weathered tropical soils, parent material has a long-lasting effect on soil chemistry that can influence and control microbial activity, the size of subsoil C stocks, and the turnover of C in soil. Soil parent material and its lasting control on soil chemistry need to be taken into account to understand and predict C stabilization and rates of C cycling in tropical forest soils.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-96"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/soil-2020-96", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/soil-2020-96", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/soil-2020-96"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10065971", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:56Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Database of topsoil chemical and physical properties in Croatia", "description": "Sources Data for database is collected from four main sources:\u00a0 Data published in book 'Martinovi\u0107, J. and Vrankovi\u0107, A. (Editors), 1997. Baza podataka o hrvatskim tlima, I. Dr\u017eavna uprava za za\u0161titu prirode i okoli\u0161a, Zagreb' labeled as 'martinovic_1997' in the database. This source consists of 2199 pedological profiles sampled from 1963 to 1996, most of which include depth to bedrock information. Data from project: 'Spatial variability of trace and toxic metals in agricultural soils of Croatia', Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Waters. Project leader: prof.dr.sc. Marija Romi\u0107 from Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, labeled as 'agricultural_2013'. Data are sampled from 'database of properties and quality of agricultural soils of Croatia' on 8x8 km grid and consists only from top soil samples (0-30 cm). There are 811 samples in this database. Data from the the project: 'Change in soil carbon stocks and calculation of trends in total nitrogen and organic carbon in soil and C: N ratio', from Ministry of Environmental Protection and Energy, carried on by Croatian Geological Institute (HGI), the Croatian Forestry Institute (H\u0160I) and the Agricultural Land Agency (APZ). This dataset consists of two subsets: 'azo_2013' - 2519 samples of topsoil (0-25 cm), from 1994 to 2004 for making of Geochemistry Atlas of Croatia 'azo_2016' - 742 locations were revisited during 2015-2016 and new samples are taken and analyzed in horizons 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm. Network of piezometers Description of sources\u00a0 Martinovi\u0107, J. and Vrankovi\u0107, A. (Editors), 1997. Baza podataka o hrvatskim tlima (Database of Croatian Soils)\u00a0 The database contains data on soil profiles and covers the total area of the Republic of Croatia. Only data accepted by external control are entered in the Database, as well as those profiles for which there is a minimum data. External control of data reliability was performed by comparing the genetical-morphological characteristics of the soil determined by field research and the data of laboratory soil analyses. The profiles for which the field and laboratory analyses are found to differ are rejected. In addition to data on soil properties, basic data on pedogenetic factors are given. The soil profiles surveyed in the period 1963-1996 are entered in the database. The majority of data come from the Basic Pedological Map of Croatia (Osnovna pedolo\u0161ka karta Hrvatske - OPKH) project. The following are entered in the Database: 1347 profiles in volume I and 851 profiles in volume II, a total of 2198 pedological profiles Spatial variability of trace and toxic metals in agricultural soils of Croatia, Project Leader: Marija Romi\u0107\u00a0 The problem of exposure of agricultural soils to different anthropogenic inputs of toxic metals, but also of other potentially toxic substances, has acquired global dimensions in the last decades. Besides atmospheric deposition, environmental dispersion of chemicals used in agriculture is an important factor directly affecting the natural soil functions, or indirectly endangering the biosphere by bioaccumulation and inclusion into the food chain. Metal concentrations in soil can be generally predicted starting with the element abundance in the parent material. The extent to which pedogenesis affects heavy metals distribution varies according to the prevailing factors affecting soil processes. Because of the toxicity to plants and animals, it is important to determine their content, forms and distribution. Such hypotheses may be tested by total metal content determination, as well as other elements relevant for geochemical valorization of the agricultural soils of Croatia. Thus, the spatial variability and baseline of elements in soils will be determined by means of relevant statistical and geostatistical methods. The maps of toxic metal distribution will be produced and the suitability of soils for agriculture will be assessed. GIS is increasingly used in environmental assessment studies because of its ability to superimpose different spatial information and to combine them with the results of statistical analysis, enabling thus the detection of complex spatial relationships among different parameters. Geostatistics and multivariate statistics has been widely used in geochemical studies to identify pollution sources and to apportion natural vs. anthropogenic contribution, establishing a geochemical background as well. The main objectives of the investigation are: (i) to provide a geochemical database relevant to the agricultural soils in Croatia; (ii) to provide a detailed information about the natural variability of the geochemical background which is pertinent to administrative and legal issues as well as to safety food production and environmental protection; (iii) presenting the influence of human and other environmental activities on the soil quality mainly regarding the toxic and trace metal contents, and (iv) we are going to observe the influence of natural conditions on regional differences which have been widely neglected so far, and have not been taken into account while national regulations and guidelines on soil toxic metal contents have been established. Change in soil carbon stocks and calculation of trends in total nitrogen and organic carbon in soil and C: N ratio\u00a0 The project is funded by the Fund for Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency within the Program 'Upgrading and Development of the Environmental Information System and Improving the Monitoring and Reporting System on the State of the Environment in the Republic of Croatia', Component 2: Improving the Monitoring and Reporting System on the State of the Environment Croatia; improving the system of data collection and exchange and developing methodologies for their processing in accordance with the guidelines of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol defined by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).\u00a0 The project holder is the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Energy, and the executors are the Croatian Geological Institute, the Croatian Forestry Institute and the Agricultural Land Agency. In the period 2014-2017, field and laboratory research of soil conditions was conducted at 725 representative locations. General data on the location of sampling were collected, which contain administrative, locational, geographical and other data (relief, climatic and meteorological data, detailed data on land use and vegetation cover, description of surface soil properties). Field soil sampling for each LULUCF land use category was performed according to a modified methodology described in the EU DG JRC (Joint Research Center) 'Protocol for soil sampling to confirm changes in organic carbon stocks in the EU' by Stolbovoy et al. 2007 (Soil sampling protocol to certify the changes of organic carbon stock in mineral soil of the European Union - EU JRC). The protocol modifications aimed to ensure reporting under the UNFCCC and Kyoto protocols, i.e., to ensure compliance with the IPCC methodology. Soil sampling on forest land (FL) according to the JRC protocol is planned at two depths of 0-10 cm and 10 - 20 cm and an organic layer (list), but due to reporting requirements under the UNFCCC and Kyoto protocol, sampling was carried out at a depth of 20 - 30 cm. Land under crops (CL) was sampled at two depths (0-20 cm and 20-30 cm) and grasslands (GL), wetlands (WL), settlements (SL) and other land (OL) were sampled at three depths 0- 10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Geochemical analyzes were performed at depths of 0\u201310 and 20\u201330 cm for forest soils (FL) and for meadows and pastures (GL) while for soils under crops (CL) composite samples of 0\u201330 cm and 0\u201320 cm were analyzed. Network of piezometers To get a more accurate depth to bedrock parameter, positions of 812 piezometers are considered as they have at least 4 meters of depth to bedrock. Description of database Column names and descriptions: Metadata columns: site_key - unique identifier that identifies sample in source database\u00a0source_db - label of source database\u00a0source_sampled - label of organization/team who sampled and analyzed data\u00a0site_obsdate - year of taking sample\u00a0longitude_decimal_degrees - longitude in degrees in WGS84 geographical projection\u00a0latitude_decimal_degrees - latitude in degrees in WGS84 geographical projection\u00a0pedon_completeness_index - quality factor (0-100)\u00a0taxgrtgroup - classification of sample according to WBR 2014/2016 classification\u00a0 Soil properties columns: column name - property - measurement units - descriptionoc - Carbon, Organic - % wt - CMS analyte. Organic carbon is a measure of all organic forms of carbon in the soil, including organic carbon within minerals.\u00a0n_tot_ncs - Nitrogen, Total NCS - % wt - Total nitrogen is a measure of all organic and inorganic nitrogen, including that found in nitrogen minerals.ca_mehlich3 - Calcium, Mehlich3 Extractable \u00a0- mg/kg - The calcium extracted by the Mehlich III solution.\u00a0k_mehlich3 - Potassium, Mehlich3 Extractable - mg/kg - The potassium extracted by the Mehlich III solution.\u00a0mg_mehlich3 - Magnesium, Mehlich3 Extractable - mg/kg - The magnesium extracted by the Mehlich III solution.\u00a0p_mehlich3 - Phosphorus, Mehlich3 Extractable - mg/kg - The phosphorus extracted by the Mehlich III solution.\u00a0cec_sum - Cation Exchange Capacity, Summary \u00a0 cmol(+)/kg - The effective cation exchange capacity is calculated by BASE_SUM+AL_KCL. It is not calculated if soluble salts are present. It is reported as meq per 100 grams on a <2 mm base. CMS derived value default\u00a0ec_satp - Electrical Conductivity , Saturation Extract - dS/m - The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is used to estimate the concentration of salts in a sample, and provides inferences on cation concentration in solution and osmotic pressure. It is reported as mmhos per centimeter.\u00a0caco3 - Carbonates - % wt - Carbonate in the < 2mm fraction is measured by CO2 evolution after acid treatment. It is reported as gravimetric percent CaCO3 on a <2 mm base, even though carbonates of Mg, Na, K, and Fe may be present and react with the acidph_h2o - pH, 1:1 Soil-Water Suspension - (NA) - The pH, 1:1 soil-water suspension is the pH of a sample measured in distilled water at a 1:1 soil:solution ratio. If wider ratios increase the pH, salts are indicated.\u00a0ph_kcl - The pH, 1:1 soil-KCl suspension - (NA) - The pH, 1:1 soil-KCl suspension is the pH of a sample measured in 1.0N KCl at a 1:1 soil:solution ratio. If the pH in KCl < pH in water, Al+++ is indicated.\u00a0total_clay - Clay, Total - % wt - Total clay is the soil separate with <0.002 mm particle diameter. Clay size carbonate is included. Total clay is reported as a weight percent of the <2 mm fraction.\u00a0total_silt - Silt, Total - % wt - Total silt is the soil separate with 0.002 to 0.05 mm particle size. It is reported as a gravimetric percent on a <2 mm base.\u00a0total_sand - Sand, Total - % wt - Total sand is the soil separate with 0.05 to 2.0 mm particle diameter. It is reported as a gravimetric percent on a <2 mm base.\u00a0wpg2 - Coarse fragments - % wt - The weight fraction of particles with >2 mm diameter is reported as a gravimetric percent on a whole soil base.\u00a0db_od Bulk Density, <2mm Fraction, Ovendry - g/cc - Bulk density, oven dry (105 C) is the weight per unit volume of the <2 mm fraction, with volume measured on oven dry (105 C) natural fabric (clods). It is reported as grams per cubic centimeter on a <2 mm base.\u00a0dbr - Depth to bedrock - cm - Depth to the R horizon or similar", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10065971"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10065971", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10065971", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10065971"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:22:12Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Knowledge gaps on trade-offs of soil carbon sequestration related to soil management strategies", "description": "The database contains 87 unique literature items (29 reviews, 42 meta-analyses, 16 original papers) describing the effect of a soil management strategy (tillage management, cropping systems, water management, cover crops, crop residues, livestock manure, slurry, compost, biochar, liming) on the trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration or SOC change and N2O emission, CH4 emission and nitrogen leaching. Since some literature items describe effects of several SMS categories, the database_summary tab comprises a total of 112 unique inputs. For each input it is indicated in the Database_summary tab if it was used as input for the 'Soil management effect assessment' in Maenhout et al. (2024) [Maenhout, P., Di Bene, C., Cayuela, M. L., Diaz-Pines, E., Govednik, A., Keuper, F., Mavsar, S., Mihelic, R., O'Toole, A., Schwarzmann, A., Suhadolc, M., Syp, A., & Valkama, E. (2024). Trade-offs and synergies of soil carbon sequestration: Addressing knowledge gaps related to soil management strategies. European Journal of Soil Science, 75(3), e13515. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13515] and/or to define knowledge gaps ('Knowledge gap in tab'-column). Knowledge gaps and research recommendations are gouped per soil management strategy in different tabs in this database. Per soil management strategy, knowledge gaps are clustered per theme in groups. These themes include: the specific soil management strategy, pedoclimatic conditions, establishment of experiments, other soil management strategies, meta-analysis, modelling and other", "keywords": ["Water management", "EJP SOIL", "Climate change mitigation", "Nitrogen leaching", "CH4", "Conservation agriculture", "Cropping systems", "SOMMIT", "N2O", "Organic matter inputs", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14280633", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:22:42Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Code files for \"Climate feedbacks from North American boreal forest fires\"", "description": "Computer code as part of the publication in review: 'Climate warming and cooling feedbacks from North American boreal forest fires' Max J. van Gerrevink1,\u00a0Sander Veraverbeke1,2,\u00a0Sol Cooperdock3,\u00a0Stefano Potter3,\u00a0Qirui Zhong1,4 Michael Moubarak5,\u00a0Scott J. Goetz6,\u00a0Michelle C. Mack7,\u00a0James T. Randerson8,\u00a0Nick Schutgens1, Merritt R. Turetsky9, Guido R. van der Werf10, and Brendan M. Rogers3 1Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom 3Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA 4College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China 5Hamilton College, Hamilton, NY, USA 6School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA 7Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA 8Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 9Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA 10Meteorology & Air Quality Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands \u00a0 Correspondence to: Max J. van Gerrevink (m.j.van.gerrevink@vu.nl) \u00a0 Files contain the computer code used to compute the climate radiative forcing from fire. The computer code is spilt into 7 different scripts: Well-mixed greenhouse gasses, precursors, and aerosol radiative forcing :\u00a0Radiative_forcing_GHG_precursors_aerosols_boxmodel.py Mapping and uncertainty of Well-mixed greenhouse gasses, precursors, and aerosol radiative forcing : Radiative_forcing_GHG_precursors_aerosols_Mapping_and_uncertainty.py Permafrost greenhouse gas emissions radiative forcing\u00a0: Radiative_Forcing_Permafrost_GHG.py Changes in surface albedo radiative forcing :\u00a0Radiative_Forcing_Albedo_change.py Uncertainty in surface albedo radiative forcing : Radiative_Forcing_Albedo_change_uncertainty.py Vegetation recovery radiative forcing :\u00a0Radiative_Forcing_vegetation_recovery.py Uncertainty in vegetation recovery radiative forcing : Radiative_Forcing_vegetation_recovery_uncertainty.py \u00a0 * The sensitivity analysis for Permafrost greenhouse gas emissions is included in the Radiative_Forcing_Permafrost_GHG.py script. Additionally, input files for atmospheric concentrations and impulse response function data are included as CSV files.", "keywords": ["Climate change", "Fires", "Radiative Forcing"], "contacts": [{"organization": "van Gerrevink, Max J., Veraverbeke, Sander, Cooperdock, Sol, Potter, Stefano, Zhong, Qirui, Moubarak, Michael, Goetz, Scott J., Mack, Michelle C., Randerson, James T., Schutgens, Nick, Turetsky, Merritt R., van der Werf, Guido R., Rogers, Brendan M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14280633"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14280633", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14280633", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14280633"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15017546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:22:55Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Global Rice Land Suitability and Adaptation Strategies Under Climate Change", "description": "This study evaluated the land suitability of irrigated and rainfed rice cultivation under current and projected climate change scenarios for the year 2050 on a global scale. , the climate and soil factors utilized for this purpose were obtained from the WorldClim website (https://www.worldclim.org/) and represent the historical monthly weather data for the period between 2001 and 2021 (https://worldclim.org/data/monthlywth.html). Moreover, future climate projections were sourced from the same source for the period 2041 to 2060 (centered around 2050).The projections are based on mean value of ten Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the CMIP6 dataset and two scenarios (SSP245 and SSP585), including models such as ACCESS-CM2, CanESM5-CanOE, EC-Earth3-Veg, FIO-ESM-2-0, GISS-E2-1-H, HadGEM3-GC31-LL, INM-CM4-8, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MRI-ESM2-0, and UKESM1-0-LL (https://worldclim.org/data/cmip6/cmip6_clim2.5m.html). The future climate scenarios were developed using a new set of integrated assessment models (IAMs) that incorporate the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), as outlined by O'Neill et al. (2016). Two integrated scenarios were considered in this study. SSP245 (a combination of SSP2 with RCP4.5) and SSP585 (a combination of SSP5 with RCP8.5). SSP2 represents a scenario characterized by a continuation of existing social, economic and technological trends, with minimal deviation from historical patterns. In contrast, SSP5 depicts a pathway of fossil-fuelled development, characterized by rapid technological advancement and human capital growth. With regard to radiative forcing, RCP4.5 represents a medium scenario (4.5 W m\u207b\u00b2 by 2100), whereas RCP8.5 represents a high-emission scenario (8.5 W m\u207b\u00b2 by 2100). To ensure the highest possible spatial accuracy, 2.5 minutes (~21 km2 at the equator) spatial resolution was applied to all maps. Furthermore, maps of rice cultivation area was obtained from the MAP SPAM2020 (Spatial Production Allocation Model) website (https://www.mapspam.info), which provides detailed spatial data on global rice production.Soil parameters were then determined for each point using soil information obtained from the FAO soil map. The FAO soil map provided vital parameters such as organic carbon (OC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), CaCO3, pH, EC which extracted from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) at a scale of 1:5,000,000, sourced from the FAO Soil Portal website. (Supplementary Figure 2). The slope map was created using the digital elevation model (for more details, see Guerra et al., 2020). The SPAM2020 for rainfed and irrigated rice was used to intersect the climate zones and soil layers, focusing specifically on the areas dedicated to this area.\u00a0 The final land suitability map was generated by overlaying the suitability output with raster files representing both irrigated and rainfed harvested areas, thus creating a composite map of land suitability . This stage ensured the precise delineation of areas suitable for rice cultivation. Following the creation of land suitability maps for a variety of scenarios and adaptation strategies, the results were compared in order to identify the optimal strategy. The final map identifies the most efficacious adaptation strategy for enhancing land suitability in each region in the context of projected climate change. Also, The overview of the status of rainfed and irrigated rice worldwide.", "keywords": ["Adaptation strategy", "Climate chnage", "Rice", "land suitablity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dadrasi, Amir, Va\u010dk\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1, Davina, Fatemeh, Salmani, Nguyen, Trong Can, Weinzettel, Jan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15017546"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15017546", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15017546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15017546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15328215", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "1000 Soils Pilot Dataset, version 8, May 2025", "description": "This record hosts data generated by the 1000 Soils Pilot. Data will be updated as more become available. Please see the most recent data upload for current data. A beta visualization tool is available for some data types at\u00a0https://shinyproxy.emsl.pnnl.gov/app/1000soils. Please submit any suggestions or comments through the 'contact' tab. We are actively working to improve visualizations and value all feedback. Data completed include: Geochemistry, texture, respiration, and enzyme activities FTICR-MS organic matter chemistry Microbial biomass C and N TOC/TDN of water-extractable OM X-ray computed tomography (derived metrics available here, raw data available upon request) Metagenomes; a variety of data formats are available upon request Soil hydraulic properties Data in progress: LC-MS/MS in development, timeline TBD, inquire for status 1000S_processed_BGC_summary.csv contains all available biogeochemical data; microbial biomass C and N; and TOC/TDN of water-extractable OM; and\u00a0 1000S_Tomography.xslx contains a summary of data generated via X-ray computed tomography. icr_v2_corems2.csv contains FTICR-MS data processed by CoreMS version 2. These data are merged by formula across instrument runs to enable cross-sample comparisons. Technical replicates are merged by retaining peaks present in 2 out of 3 replicates. 1000Soils_Metadata_Site_Mastersheet_v1.csv contains site information. Soil Hydraulics_corrected_02042025.xlsx contains soil hydraulics information. Readme File_v4.xlsx is the readme file. Please contact the MONet project (monet.emsl@pnnl.gov) or Emily Graham (emily.graham@pnnl.gov) with questions. The following file and all raw data are\u00a0available upon request: icr_by_mass_for_single_sample_analysis_only.csv\u00a0contains FTICR-MS data processed by CoreMS and is intended for usage in the calculation of biochemical transformations within samples only. These data are not acceptable for cross-sample comparison of masses because they are from multiple instrument runs. For more information, please see: https://www.emsl.pnnl.gov/monet and https://sc-data.emsl.pnnl.gov/monet Acknowledgment:\u00a0 Soil data were provided by the Molecular Observation Network (MONet) at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (https://ror.org/04rc0xn13), a DOE Office of Science user facility sponsored by the Biological and Environmental Research program under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. The work (proposal: 10.46936/10.25585/60008970) conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute (https://ror.org/04xm1d337), a DOE Office of Science user facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.\u00a0 The Molecular Observation Network (MONet) database is an open, FAIR, and publicly available compilation of the molecular and microstructural properties of soil. Data in the MONet open science database can be found at\u00a0https://sc-data.emsl.pnnl.gov/.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "13. Climate action", "FTICR-MS", "biogeochemistry", "carbon", "molecular", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15328215"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15328215", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15328215", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15328215"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.16894966", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:16Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-02-22", "title": "Management of alternative water resources for variable rate irrigation - a Hungarian case study", "description": "

Most of the climate scenarios predict increased water scarcity in arid areas, such as Hungary. However, the irrigated area in Hungary covers 2% of agricultural land, mostly with outdated irrigation technology. The aim of the research was to develop the basis of a variable rate irrigation for water-saving precision sprinkler irrigation system on an arable area (85 ha) which is located in the reference area of the Tisza Riven Basin. There is limited available water resources at the site, therefore alternative water sources utilization system was set up for irrigation to adapt to climate change and reduce fertilizers. The basis of the alternative water resources are excess water, treated wastewater, biogas fermentation sludge which is collected in a water reservoir with 114000 m3 capacity. For proper irrigation scheduling, heterogeneity of topography, hydrological, soil and crop conditions has to be explored and monitored. Therefore physically-based modelling of the water balance and remote sensing-based surplus water and &#160;vegetation status surveying are tested to use for accurate irrigation scheduling.Shallow groundwater and/or soil compaction can also contribute to excess inland water. This may occur even if there are drought periods in a year (e.g. in the Pannonian region), resulting in spots with a low crop yield. A LiDAR-based digital elevation model was found to provide appropriate data to identify sites affected by excess inland water. The spots identified can be used as spatial input data to compile a variable rate irrigation prescription map for imposing reduced (or zero) irrigation at areas more vulnerable to the occurrence of excess inland water. The water balance was also assessed for sites with physically-based models. Hydrus was used to model soil moisture changes at the Hungarian case study site.A model concept for crop evapotranspiration estimation was also developed based on vegetation indices calculated from satellite imagery. Several combinations of sensors and remote sensing products were tested to use in ETc modelling potentially. This approach was tested both at the Hungarian case study sites. Remote sensing-based analysis of crop evapotranspiration, combined with physically-based modelling, appears to be a promising method in water balance modelling of maize fields, especially if these fields are in summer when the crop is fully developed. However, the remotely sensed information verification is essential for the proper utilization of the remote sensing data in ETc modelling and predicting the spatio-temporal dynamics of crop yield, evapotranspiration, and irrigation demands.There is a need further benchmark scenarios to improve both physically-based models and satellite-based crop evapotranspiration models to achieve more accurate and valid simulations.The abstract was funded by European Union&#8217;s Horizon 2020 &#8220;WATERAGRI Water retention and nutrient recycling in soils and steams for improved agricultural production&#8221; research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 858375. This research was supported by the J&#225;nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16894966"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.16894966", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.16894966", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.16894966"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4287780", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Forest carbon prospecting for climate change mitigation: Version 1.0", "description": "This data package includes the two 1-km resolution global maps (.tif) of tropical forests between ~23.44\u00b0N and 23.44\u00b0S produced from the study: 1) investible forest carbon (in tCO2e ha-1y-1) and 2) forest carbon return-on-investment (Net Present Value in USD ha-1y-1) over a 30-year timeframe. It also includes the R script to reproduce these layers and their uncertainties. Investible Forest Carbon: The investible forest carbon map was produced based on the total volume of CO2e associated with the three main carbon pools in the tropics, namely aboveground carbon, belowground carbon and soil organic carbon. This is followed by the application of key Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) criteria including additionality, to determine the magnitude and areas of investible forest carbon across the tropics. Aboveground carbon. A stoichiometric factor of 0.475 was applied to recent spatial data on aboveground carbon biomass to obtain carbon stock based on established carbon accounting methodologies. An uncertainty analyses was also performed to account for potential variability in stoichiometric factor. Subsequently, a conversion factor of 3.67 was applied to the carbon stock layer to obtain the volume of CO2e associated with this carbon pool. Belowground carbon. Belowground carbon biomass was firstly derived by applying two allometric equations relating to root to shoot biomass to the most recent spatial dataset on aboveground carbon biomass following established carbon accounting methodologies. The two equations are: Belowground biomass = 0.489\u00d7aboveground biomass^0.89; and Belowground biomass = 0.26\u00d7aboveground biomass A stoichiometric factor of 0.475 was subsequently applied to the estimated belowground carbon biomass to obtain the carbon stock. An uncertainty analyses was then performed to determine the mean, minimum and maximum values for belowground carbon. Following that, a conversion factor of 3.67 was applied to the carbon stock layer to obtain the volume of CO2e associated with this carbon pool. Soil Organic Carbon. Organic carbon density of the topsoil layer (0-30 cm) was obtained from the European Soil Data Centre as it represented the best data available for soil organic carbon. A conversion factor of 3.67 was subsequently applied to derive the volume of CO2e associated with this carbon pool. Applying VCS criteria. The criterion of additionality is a pre-condition for carbon credits to be certified under the VCS. This implies that only the volume of forest carbon that are under imminent threat of decline or loss if left unprotected by a conservation intervention can be certified under the VCS. The volume of forest carbon under threat of loss was based on the best available data on predicted deforestation rates across the tropics (through to the year 2029), and annualized over predicted 15-year period. The estimated annual deforestation rates was then applied to the total volume of CO2e associated with tropical forests as estimated above, deriving the volume of CO2e that would be certifiable and thus investible under the VCS. In addition, a conservative 10-year decay estimate was assumed for the estimate of the belowground carbon pool, and lands that will likely not be certifiable for other reasons, including recently deforested areas (i.e. for the period of 2010-2017), a well as human settlements, were excluded. Lastly, the VCS requirement to set aside buffer credits of 20% was accounted for to consider the risk of non-permanence associated with Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) projects. Return-on-Investment. From the investible forest carbon map, the relative profitability of these areas was then modelled to produce a global forest carbon return-on-investment map based on their NPV. The NPV of returns were based on several simplifying assumptions following established values from previous studies. Cost of project establishment. The cost of project establishment was estimated to be at $25 ha-1. This was based on a range of costs that are key to the development of a project, including but not limited to project design, governance and planning, enforcement, zonation, land tenure and acquisition, surveying and research. Cost for annual maintenance. The cost for annual maintenance was estimated to be $10 ha-1, which included aspects such as in education and communication, monitoring, sustainable livelihoods, marketing, finance and administration. Carbon price. A constant carbon price of $5.8 t-1CO\u00ad2e for the first five years was applied. This price was based on an average price of carbon for avoided deforestation projects reported recently by Forest Trends\u2019 Ecosystem Marketplace (i.e. for the period 2006 \u2013 2018). Subsequently, a 5% price appreciation was applied annually over a project timeframe of 30 years. Discount rate. We calculated NPV of annual and accumulated profits over 30 years based on a 10% risk-adjusted discount rate. Further details for these datasets and their uncertainties are presented in Koh et. al. For questions or issues on the spatial data layers, please contact Yiwen Zeng (zengyiwen@nus.edu.sg).", "keywords": ["Carbon stocks", "Climate change mitigation", "13. Climate action", "Carbon finance", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Koh, Lian Pin, Zeng, Yiwen, Sarira, Tasya Vadya, Siman, Kelly,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4287780"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4287780", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4287780", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4287780"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic matter content (om) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin", "description": "UPDATE: WE FOUND A RENDERING ERROR IN MANY AREAS OF THE 5 CM MAP. WE HAVE RECREATED THE MAP AND INCLUDED IN A NEW VERSION OF THE REPOSITORY. Repository includes maps of organic matter content (% wt) as defined by United States soil survey program. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds. Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal. File Name Details: ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (_CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are >3000). Predictions are also evaluated with the U.S. soil survey laboratory database soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The SOC measurements were coverted to OM matter values using the common 1.724 conversion factor. The converted OM values are compared to predicted OM values using an accuracy plot (OM_SOC_plots.tif). Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence: property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension Example: om_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif Indicates soil organic matter content (om) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling. The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below). _95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI. References Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "digital soil mapping", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "predictive soil mapping", "soil property mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nauman, Travis", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4487144", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Eddy Covariance data from ICOS-associated station IT-NIV \u2013 August-November 2019", "description": "RestrictedData stored here refer to Eddy Covariance (EC) data measured in 2019 between August and November at the Alpine CZO (Critical Zone Observatory, hereafter CZO@Nivolet) which was established at the Nivolet Plain (Piani del Nivolet) in the Gran Paradiso National Park (GPNP), located in the western Italian Alps. The EC site (IT-NIV) is an ICOS-associated station. CZO@Nivolet is aimed at investigating the cross-scale interactions between climatic shifts and ecosystem functions multiple scales, involving multidisciplinary studies. The main research questions that we aim to answer are concerning: (a) the effect of bedrock lithology, soil physics and chemisty, topographic hetereogenity, biotic components and meteo-climatic parameters in modulating CO2 flux in alpine grassland; and (b) what are the controlling factors of organic C and weathering under geologic substrates and different topographic positions. The investigations started in 2017. In 2019, the EC tower was added to deeply study CO2, H20, latent and sensible heat exchanges between soil, vegetation, and atmosphere. Carbon dioxide fluxes and environmental variables are recorded during the snow-free season to estimate carbon storage and explore CO2 fluxes drivers in high-altitude grasslands. Further developments will regard the integration of different techniques (Eddy Covariance, Remote Sensing, Flux chambers) to improve both spatial and temporal extent of carbon fluxes estimates to finally assess grasslands' productivity.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "alpine grassland", "15. Life on land", "Gran Paradiso National Park", "Mountain", "EO_Data", "Eddy Covariance", "Net Ecosystem Exchange", "ecosystem-atmosphere carbon exchange"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vivaldo, Gianna, Raco, Brunella, Baneschi, Ilaria, Giamberini, Maria Silvia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4487144"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4487144", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4487144", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4487144"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6202061", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:32Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Bias-corrected EURO-CORDEX RCM simulations for the OPTAIN case studies", "description": "Open AccessBias-corrected EURO-CORDEX RCM simulations are available on a daily timescale for: -period 1981-2099/2100, -6 RCM, -3 scenarios (RCPs 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5), -7 variables (mean, minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed at 2 m and relative humidity) and -18 domains and 23 locations within these domains. Bias correction and further downscaling to 0.1\ufffd\ufffd was done using ERA5-Land reanalysis data with non-parametric empirical quantile mapping. Moreover, the interpolation of gridded bias-corrected climate model simulations to the locations was made using universal kriging. Organization of the data The name of the files are domain-type.zip, where type is gridded (NetCDF) or point (csv). Each zip file contains multiple files, organized in subfolders: experiment/modelNumber/variable.nc for gridded and experiment/modelNumber/variable-pilotFieldNumber.txt for point data, where experiment is rcp26, rcp45 or rcp85. domain and pilotFieldNumber domain domain location (min and max. Longitude, min and max latitude) pilotFieldNumber pilot field location (longitude, latitude) case study number country Name (OPTAIN case study) 01 50.95 51.45 14.55 15.05 1 DEU Schoeps 02 46.35 47.05 6.55 7.15 2 46.816667 6.95 2 CHE Petite Glane 02_1 46.75 47.25 7.25 7.75 1 46.983333 7.466667 02_34 47.35 47.85 8.35 3 4 47.433333 8.516667 47.683333 8.616667 02_5 46.15 46.65 5.95 6.45 5 46.4 6.233333 03a 46.65 47.15 17.45 17.95 1 2 3 4 46.92649 17.68246 46.9166 17.68976 46.91283 17.69754 46.91283 17.69723 3a HUN Csorsza 03b 46.45 46.95 16.65 17.15 3b HUN Felso Valicka 04 52.35 52.85 18.45 18.95 1 52.597469 18.728617 4 POL Upper Zglowiaczka 05 46.35 46.85 15.35 15.85 5 SVN Pesnica 06 46.45 46.95 16.15 16.65 6 HUN/SVN Kebele/Kobiljski 07 49.85 50.35 4.75 5.25 7 BEL La Wimbe 08 55.15 55.75 23.55 24.05 1 2 55.522057 23.799235 55.42233194 23.82580339 8 LTU Dotnuvele 09 45.45 45.95 9.65 10.15 9 ITA Cherio 10 59.45 59.95 10.75 11.25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 59.71949 10.83576 59.6833306 10.8833298 59.6833306 10.8833298 59.665 10.9475 59.665 10.9475 59.841012 10.903597 59.757631 11.072031 59.539623 10.856447 10 NOR Krogstad 11 46.45 46.95 17.55 18.05 1 2 46.658333 17.75583 46.656944 17.75833 11 HUN Tetves 12 49.35 49.85 14.75 15.25 1 49.616837 15.078266 12 CZE Cechticky 13 55.85 56.35 25.85 26.45 13 LVA Dviete 14 59.75 60.25 17.55 18.05 14 SWE Ingvastaan Lehstaan modelNumber modelNumber Driving Model (GCM) Ensemble RCM End date 1 EC-EARTH r12i1p1 CCLM4-8-17 31.12.2100 2 EC-EARTH r3i1p1 HIRHAM5 31.12.2100 3 HadGEM2-ES r1i1p1 HIRHAM5 30.12.2099 4 HadGEM2-ES r1i1p1 RACMO22E 30.12.2099 5 HadGEM2-ES r1i1p1 RCA4 30.12.2099 6 MPI-ESM-LR r2i1p1 REMO2009 31.12.2100 variable variable description Unit Tmean Mean temperature \ufffd\ufffdC Tmin Min temperature \ufffd\ufffdC Tmax Max temperature \ufffd\ufffdC prec Precipitation mm solarRad Solar radiation MJ/m2 windSpeed Wind speed at 2m m/s relHum Relative humidity % Methodolody Bias correction was done using non-parametric empirical quantile mapping with modified method from R package qmap. Parameters selected were: corrections for each day of the year using a moving windows for a 31 days; 100 quantiles; wet days corrections for precipitation. The reference period is 1981-2010. The interpolation of gridded bias-corrected climate model simulations to the location was made using universal kriging with R packages automap and gstat with (external) variables x, y, x2, y2, x*y, z, where x is latitude, y is longitude, and z is elevation. For Digital Elevation Model Shuttle Radar Topography Mission was used. If there was an error using above mentioned variables, the number of variables was reduced to x, y, x*y, z and if there was still an error to x, y, z. Funding This project has received funding from the European Union\ufffd\ufffd\ufffds Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 862756.", "keywords": ["CORDEX", "13. Climate action", "RCM", "ERA5-Land", "OPTAIN", "EURO-CORDEX", "bias correction"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Honzak, Luka", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202061"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6202061", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6202061", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6202061"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7307449", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:41Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Components of the complete budget for SAFE intensive carbon plots", "description": "Description: Measured components of total carbon budget at SAFE project, values, with standard errors, for each 1-ha carbon plots for 11 plots investigated across a logging gradient from unlogged old-growth to heavily logged.

These data are also published in below-ground carbon cycle in Riutta et al 2021 GBC and allocation of net primary productivity from Riutta et al 2019 GCB. This worksheet include two addititional carbon plots from Lambir Hills National Park (see Kho et al. 2013 JGR), which are not part of the SAFE Project. Below-ground carbon cycle data can be found at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3266770 and leaf respiration at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3247630.

SAFE Intensive Carbon Plots, part of the Global Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) network, see http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/. All the methods and installation is described in detail in the GEM Intensive Carbon Plots manual, available at http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/files/rainfor-gemmanual.v3.0.pdf. Project: This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: Changing carbon dioxide and water budgets from deforestation and habitat modification Funding: These data were collected as part of research funded by: Sime Darby Foundation (Grant, SAFE Core data) European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant, GEM-TRAIT (Grant, Grant number 321131) NERC Human-Modified Tropical Forests Programme: Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI) Project (Grant, NE/K016369/1) NERC standard grant: The multi-year impacts of the 2015/2016 El Ni\u00f1o on the carbon cycle of tropical forests worldwide (Grant, NE/P001092/1) HSBC Malaysia (Grant) The University of Zurich (Grant) This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs. Permits: These data were collected under permit from the following authorities: Sabah Biodiversity Council (Research licence JKM/MBs.1000-2/2 JLD.6 (76)) XML metadata: GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here Files: This consists of 1 file: SAFE_CarbonBalanceComponents.xlsx SAFE_CarbonBalanceComponents.xlsx This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables: Carbon balance components data (described in worksheet Data) Description: Carbon balance components and carbon budget of intensive carbon plots at SAFE project Number of fields: 64 Number of data rows: 11 Fields: ForestType: Old-growth or Logged (Field type: categorical) SAFEPlotName: SAFE plot name, as in the SAFE Gazetteer (Field type: location) PlotName: Plot name (used in field work) (Field type: id) ForestPlotsCode: Plot code, as in the ForestPlots database (this should be used in publications, instead of plot name) (Field type: id) WoodyNPP_Stem: Woody stem productivity (subcomponent of woody net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) WoodyNPP_CoarseRoot: Coarse root productivity (subcomponent of woody net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) WoodyNPP_BranchTurnover: Branch turnover productivity (subcomponent of woody net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) WoodyNPP_Total: Total woody net primary producivity (Field type: numeric) CanopyNPP_Leaf: Leaf productivity (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) CanopyNPP_Twig: Twig productivity (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) CanopyNPP_Reproductive: Reproductive productivity, i.e. fruit, seed and flowers (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) CanopyNPP_Miscellaneous: Unidentified canopy debris (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) CanopyNPP_Herbivory: Leaf productivity lost to herbivory (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) CanopyNPP_Total: Total canopy net primary producivty (Field type: numeric) FineRootNPP: Fine root productivity (Field type: numeric) TotalNPP_WithoutMycorrhiza: Total net primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) TotalNPP_WithMycorrhiza: Total net primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) GPP_WithoutMycorrhiza: Gross primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) GPP_WithMycorrhiza: Gross primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) R_Stem: Respiration from woody stems (Field type: numeric) R_Leaf: Leaf Respiration (Field type: numeric) R_FineRoots: Respiration from fine roots (Field type: numeric) R_CoarseRoots: Respiration from coarse roots (Field type: numeric) R_SOM: Respiration from soil organic matter (Field type: numeric) R_Mycorrhiza: Respiration from mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) R_Litter: Respiration from litter layer (Field type: numeric) R_Deadwood: Deadwood respiration (Field type: numeric) R_auto: Total autotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) R_het: Total heterotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) R_eco: Total ecosystem respiration (Field type: numeric) NEP_WithoutMycorrhiza: Total net ecosystem productivity (also known as net ecosystem exchange) without including mycorrhiza, whereby positive values indicate a net source of carbon to the atmosphere (Field type: numeric) NEP_WithMycorrhiza: Total net ecosystem productivity (also known as net ecosystem exchange) including mycorrhiza, whereby positive values indicate a net source of carbon to the atmosphere (Field type: numeric) AbovegroundBiomassCarbonStock: Plot above-ground biomass carbon stock (Field type: numeric) CoarseRootBiomassCarbonStock: Biomass carbon stock of coarse roots (Field type: numeric) SE_WoodyNPP_Stem: Standard error of woody stem productivity (Field type: numeric) SE_WoodyNPP_CoarseRoot: Standard error of coarse root productivity (Field type: numeric) SE_WoodyNPP_BranchTurnover: Standard error of branch turnover productivity (Field type: numeric) SE_WoodyNPP_Total: Standard error of total woody net primary producivity (Field type: numeric) SE_CanopyNPP_Leaf: Standard error of leaf productivity (Field type: numeric) SE_CanopyNPP_Twig: Standard error of twig productivity (Field type: numeric) SE_CanopyNPP_Reproductive: Standard error of reproductive productivity, i.e. fruit, seed and flowers (Field type: numeric) SE_CanopyNPP_Miscellaneous: Standard error of unidentified canopy debris (Field type: numeric) SE_CanopyNPP_Herbivory: Standard error of leaf productivity lost to herbivory (Field type: numeric) SE_CanopyNPP_Total: Standard error of total canopy net primary producivty (Field type: numeric) SE_FineRootNPP: Standard error of fine root productivity (Field type: numeric) SE_TotalNPP_WithoutMycorrhiza: Standard error of total net primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) SE_TotalNPP_WithMycorrhiza: Standard error of total net primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) SE_GPP_WithoutMycorrhiza: Standard error of gross primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) SE_GPP_WithMycorrhiza: Standard error of gross primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) SE_R_Stem: Standard error of respiration from woody stems (Field type: numeric) SE_R_Leaf: Standard error of leaf Respiration (Field type: numeric) SE_R_FineRoots: Standard error of respiration from fine roots (Field type: numeric) SE_R_CoarseRoots: Standard error of respiration from coarse roots (Field type: numeric) SE_R_SOM: Standard error of respiration from soil organic matter (Field type: numeric) SE_R_Mycorrhiza: Standard error of respiration from mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) SE_R_Litter: Standard error of litter layer respiration (Field type: numeric) SE_R_Deadwood: Standard error of deadwood respiration (Field type: numeric) SE_R_auto: Standard error of total autotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) SE_R_het: Standard error of total heterotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) SE_R_eco: Standard error of total ecosystem respiration (Field type: numeric) SE_NEP_WithoutMycorrhiza: Standard error of total net ecosystem productivity (Field type: numeric) SE_NEP_WithMycorrhiza: Standard error of total net ecosystem productivity (Field type: numeric) SE_AbovegroundBiomassCarbonStock: Standard error of plot above-ground biomass carbon stock (Field type: numeric) SE_CoarseRootBiomassCarbonStock: Standard error of biomass carbon stock of coarse roots (Field type: numeric) Date range: 2011-08-25 to 2018-07-17 Latitudinal extent: 4.1830 to 5.0700 Longitudinal extent: 114.0190 to 117.8200", "keywords": ["2. 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